FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Smith, DM Finch, DM Hawksworth, DL AF Smith, D. Max Finch, Deborah M. Hawksworth, David L. TI BLACK-CHINNED HUMMINGBIRD NEST-SITE SELECTION AND NEST SURVIVAL IN RESPONSE TO FUEL REDUCTION IN A SOUTHWESTERN RIPARIAN FOREST SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Archilochus alexandri; Black-chinned Hummingbird; fuel reduction; nest-site selection; nest survival; riparian ID MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; NEW-MEXICO; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; BROOD PARASITISM; RUSSIAN-OLIVE; SUCCESS; BIRDS; FIRE; ESTABLISHMENT; PRODUCTIVITY AB Despite widespread efforts to avert wildfire by reducing the density of flammable vegetation, little is known about the effects of this practice oil the reproductive biology of forest birds. We examined nest-site selection and nest survival of the Black-chinned Hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri) in New Mexico riparian forests treated or not for fuel reduction. In untreated plots the hummingbirds frequently nested in exotic trees Such as saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and Russian olive (Eleagnus angustifolia). Following fuel reduction, they increased use of cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. wislizenii) as a nest substrate and nested at greater heights. Though fuel reduction influenced habitat and nest-site selection, it did not immediately affect nest Survival. A logistic exposure model containing effects of year and interaction of nest height and substrate explained nest survival better than did other models. Estimates of daily nest-survival rates from this model varied by year from 0.970 (95% CI: 0.949-0.982) to 0.992 (95% CI: 0.983-0.996), corresponding with period survival rates of 31% (95% CI: 13.7%-50.1%) to 73% (95% CI: 52.1%-85.9%). In addition, in all substrates except saltcedar, nest survival decreased with nest height. Our relatively high nest-survival estimates suggest that the riparian forest along the Middle Rio Grande provides high-quality nesting habitat for this species. Fuel reduction, however, reduces nest-site availability and can lower nest survival by removing potential nest sites in the forest understory, forcing hummingbirds to nest at greater heights where predation risk is higher. C1 [Smith, D. Max; Finch, Deborah M.; Hawksworth, David L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Smith, D. Max] Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway SE,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM oregonmax@gmail.com RI Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015 OI Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381 FU Joint Fire Science Program; Ducks Unlimited; New Mexico State Parks; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Bosque Improvement Initiative, University of New Mexico; Rocky Mountain Research Station's Middle Rio Grande Ecosystem Management Group FX We thank J. Galloway, J. Kelly, M. Means, and numerous seasonal technicians for help recording nest and vegetation data. Access to study sites was provided by city of Albuquerque Open Space, Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge). Funding and additional support were provided by the Joint Fire Science Program, Ducks Unlimited, New Mexico State Parks, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Bosque Improvement Initiative, University of New Mexico, and the Rocky Mountain Research Station's Middle Rio Grande Ecosystem Management Group. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 23 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2009 VL 111 IS 4 BP 641 EP 652 DI 10.1525/cond.2009.090089 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 526WF UT WOS:000272325600007 ER PT J AU Simmons, AM Ling, KS Harrison, HF Jackson, DM AF Simmons, Alvin M. Ling, Kai-Shu Harrison, Howard F. Jackson, D. Michael TI Sweet potato leaf curl virus: Efficiency of acquisition, retention and transmission by Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Begomovirus; Ipomoea; Bemisia tabaci; B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly; SPLCV; Virus ID CHINA AB The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), vectors numerous plant viruses, including Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV), a begomovirus. Experiments were conducted on seedlings of an indicator plant, the Brazilian morningglory (Ipomoea setosa Ker Gawl.), and sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.] to assess acquisition, retention and transmission of SPLCV by B. tabaci. Assays were based on the ability of the adult whitefly to acquire and transmit the virus. Two independent techniques, based on the expression of symptoms on the indicator plants and the detection of SPLCV with real-time polymerase chain reaction, were used to indicate SPLCV infection. The acquisition time of SPLCV by adult B. tabaci was 24 h and reached 100% by 84 h of exposure. Retention of SPLCV infectivity by viruliferous adults reached up to 30 days on non-SPLCV host plants (collard, Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala de Condolle). In transmission tests, a minimum of 15 min was required for a viruliferous whitefly population to transmit the virus to I. setosa. The efficiency of transmission increased over time: however, only 60% of the assay plants were infected after exposure to viruliferous whiteflies for 48 h. Male and female adult whiteflies vectored SPLCV with similar efficiency. Findings from this study will help to understand the epidemiology of SPLCV in sweet potato fields, and ultimately in the management of this disease. Such detailed investigations to assess vector behaviors also have implications in the study of other whitefly-virus systems among agricultural crops. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Simmons, Alvin M.; Ling, Kai-Shu; Harrison, Howard F.; Jackson, D. Michael] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM alvin.simmons@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1007 EP 1011 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2009.06.011 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 504PR UT WOS:000270629800015 ER PT J AU Wooten, DR Livingston, DP Lyerly, HJ Holland, JB Jellen, EN Marshall, DS Murphy, JP AF Wooten, D. R. Livingston, D. P., III Lyerly, H. J. Holland, J. B. Jellen, E. N. Marshall, D. S. Murphy, J. P. TI Quantitative Trait Loci and Epistasis for Oat Winter-Hardiness Component Traits SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; AFFECTING FLOWERING TIME; PCR-BASED MARKERS; HORDEUM-VULGARE L; HEXAPLOID OAT; CHROMOSOME 5A; PHOTOPERIOD RESPONSES; FREEZING TOLERANCE; FROST-RESISTANCE; COLD-HARDINESS AB Winter hardiness is a complex trait and poor winter hardiness limits commercial production of winter oat (Avena spp:). The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for five winter-hardiness component traits in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the winter-tender cultivar Fulghum and the winter-hardy cultivar Norline. Crown freezing tolerance; vernalization response, and. photoperiod response were evaluated in controlled environment studies. Heading date and plant height were evaluated over two-seasons in Kinston, NC, and winter field survival was evaluated in five environments over two seasons in the mountains of North Carolina and Virginia. A partial genetic linkage map of regions. believed to affect winter hardiness was developed using restriction fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers. Most QTL were located on linkage groups FN3, FN22, and FN24, Quantitative trait loci were identified for all traits except photo-period response, and epistatic interactions were identified for winter field survival, crown freezing tolerance, vernalization response, and plantheight. Major QTL for winter field survival (R(2) = 35%) and crown freezing tolerance (R(2) = 53%) were identified on linkage group FN3, which was associated with an intergenomic reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 7C and 17. C1 [Wooten, D. R.; Livingston, D. P., III; Lyerly, H. J.; Murphy, J. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jellen, E. N.] Brigham Young Univ, Dep Agron & Hort, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Holland, J. B.; Marshall, D. S.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Box 7629, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM paul_murphy@ncsu.edu RI Lyerly, Herbert/B-6528-2014; OI Lyerly, Herbert/0000-0002-0063-4770; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1989 EP 1998 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.10.0612 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300005 ER PT J AU Mittal, S Dahleen, LS Mornhinweg, D AF Mittal, Shipra Dahleen, Lynn S. Mornhinweg, Dolores TI Barley Germplasm STARS-9577B Lacks a Russian Wheat Aphid Resistance Allele at a Quantitative Trait Locus Present in STARS-9301B SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPRING BARLEY; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; MAP; HOMOPTERA; MARKERS AB Russian wheat aphid (RWA; Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov) infestations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) have reduced yield and quality in the United States since 1986. Resistant germplasm lines, including STARS-9577B, have been used for cultivar development. Our objective was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for RWA resistance in STARS-9577B and compare them to previously mapped loci. A set of 185 F(2:3) families from 'Morex'/STARS-9577B was tested in replicated trials in the greenhouse based on a 1 to 9 visual rating of chlorosis. Morex is a susceptible six-rowed malting barley. Polymerase chain reaction-based markers polymorphic between STARS-9577B and Morex were used to create a 146 marker linkage map: Quantitative trait loci analysis located two loci for resistance, one on the short arm of chromosome 1H and the other on the long arm of 3H. The 1H locus was associated with a B-hordein marker showed additive gene action and explained 19% of the variation. The 3H locus was associated with marker EBmac0541, showed partial domiance and explained 47% of the variation . Combined, the two loci explain 55% of the phenotypic variation for RWA reaction . Results showed that STARS 9577B lacks a resistance allele at one of the QTL found is STARS-9301B, which may explain the consistently higher RWA score (lower resistance) of 3 in STARS-9577B versus the lower score (higher resistance) of 2 in STARS 9301B, indicating that the QTL on chromosome 2H is an important factor in determining resistance. C1 [Dahleen, Lynn S.] ARS, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Mittal, Shipra] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Mornhinweg, Dolores] ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Lynn.dahleen@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1999 EP 2004 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.11.0637 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300006 ER PT J AU Chu, Y Holbrook, CC Ozias-Akins, P AF Chu, Ye Holbrook, C. Corley Ozias-Akins, Peggy TI Two Alleles of ahFAD2B Control the High Oleic Acid Trait in Cultivated Peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-OLEATE TRAIT; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L.; FAD2 GENE; REGISTRATION; DESATURASE; OIL; EXPRESSION; LINES; SEED; MUTAGENESIS AB A high oleic:linoleic acid ratio (O/L) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds is controlled primarily by two recessive genes, ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B (ol(1) and ol(2)). Marker-assisted breeding for high O/L could become routine provided that user-friendly and economical markers could be developed that would target mutant alleles underlying the trait. Previously, a mutant allele of ahFAD2A was characterized as having a 448G>A transition, and two ahFAD2B alleles were found with either a nonsense mutation caused by a single nucleotide insertion (441_442insA) (high O/L line F435) or a transposable element insertion (Flavorunner 458). A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker targeting the 441_442insA site in ahFAD2B was designed. 'Georgia-02C' and 'Georgia Hi-O/L', derivatives of irradiation-induced high O/L mutants, showed CAPS marker and sequence data diagnostic for the genetic mutations in ahFAD2 found in the spontaneous mutant line F435. In addition, conflicting reports regarding the organization of ahFAD2 genes and ahFAD2B mutations were reexamined. Our data clearly show that molecular markers can be used to screen for known ahFAD2 mutations and that only two mutant ahFAD2B alleles are present in the U.S. high O/L cultivars. Genetic markers based on these mutations have utility for detecting seed mixtures and heterozygotes, and can accelerate introduction of the high O/L trait into peanut breeding lines. C1 [Chu, Ye; Ozias-Akins, Peggy] Univ Georgia, Dep Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Holbrook, C. Corley] ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ozias-Akins, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dep Hort, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pozias@uga.edu FU Cultivar Development through the Georgia Seed Development Commission and The University of Georgia Research Foundation; Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Peanuts FX We thank Evelyn P. Morgan and Congling Wu for technical assistance. This work was funded by the Cultivar Development Program (through the Georgia Seed Development Commission and The University of Georgia Research Foundation) and the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Peanuts. NR 45 TC 36 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2029 EP 2036 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.01.0021 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300010 ER PT J AU Tefera, H Kamara, AY Asafo-Adjei, B Dashiell, KE AF Tefera, H. Kamara, A. Y. Asafo-Adjei, B. Dashiell, K. E. TI Improvement in Grain and Fodder Yields of Early-Maturing Promiscuous Soybean Varieties in the Guinea Savanna of Nigeria SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; CULTIVARS; CANADA AB Thirteen early-maturing and promiscuously modulating soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties that belonged to maturity group I developed at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) from 1980 to 1996 were evaluated at two locations in the Guinea savanna of Nigeria in 2001 and 2002 to determine genetic gain in grain yield and associated agronomic traits. The varieties were grown in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Data on grain yield and seven other traits were recorded. The study showed that grain yield potential of the soybean varieties increased from 1117 to 1710 kg ha(-1) during two decades of breeding in IITA. The average rate of increase per year per release period (1980-1996) was 24.2 kg ha(-1), which is 2.2%. Fodder yield also showed an annual increase of 22.81 kg ha(-1) yr(-1). Recent varieties had better lodging resistance scores of 1.25 to 1.37 in a 1 to 5 scoring scale (1 being resistant and 5 susceptible), shattering resistance scores of 1.6 to 2.7, and improved natural nodulation scores of 3.1 to 3.9. Old varieties had 50% or more pod shattering while the corresponding figure for new varieties was around 25%. Old varieties produced few and small nodules, while new varieties had many big nodules although size and number of nodules alone may not necessarily indicate nodule efficiency in N(2) fixation. Grain yield showed a positive and highly significant (P <= 0.01) correlation coefficient (r = 0.75) with fodder yield, implying that high biomass could serve as an indicator of good yielding ability. C1 [Tefera, H.] IITA, Chitedze Agr Res Stn, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Kamara, A. Y.] IITA Kano, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Asafo-Adjei, B.] Crop Res Inst, Kumasi, Ghana. [Dashiell, K. E.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Tefera, H (reprint author), IITA, Chitedze Agr Res Stn, POB 30258, Lilongwe, Malawi. EM h.tefera@cgiar.org FU International Institute of Tropical Agriculture FX This study was financed by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. We thank the technical staff of IITA for managing the field work. Our thanks are extended to R. Adeleke and P. Oyelakin for data collection and summarization and S. Ofodile for his help in data analysis using SAS. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2037 EP 2042 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.02.0081 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300011 ER PT J AU DeLacy, IH Fox, PN McLaren, G Trethowan, R White, JW AF DeLacy, Ian H. Fox, P. N. McLaren, Graham Trethowan, Richard White, Jeffrey W. TI A Conceptual Model for Describing Processes of Crop Improvement in Database Structures SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WHEAT; RELATIVES; REGIONS AB Rising research costs, broadening goals, intellectual property rights, and other concerns increase the need for robust management of crop improvement data. The data model of the International Crop Information System (ICIS) allows breeding processes to be recorded unambiguously in a relational database. This paper describes this model, which underlies the Genealogical Management System (GMS) of ICIS. The model recognizes three classes of methods by which genetic material is advanced. Generative methods such as crossing or mutagenesis increase variation. Derivative methods usually involve selection, and maintenance methods conserve the genetic makeup of germplasm, such as in seed multiplications. Unlike systems that only track pedigrees, the model describes steps of selection. Applications are illustrated for self-pollinating, outcrossing, and clonally propagated crops. The ICIS GMS is in use for species including rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), lesquerella [Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) S. Wats.], and wit-loof chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). The International Rice Information System, based on ICIS, holds more than 2.6 million unique identifiers for germplasm accessions, crosses, populations, and lines, requiring about 900 megabytes of storage space, which can easily be managed on a personal computer. The GMS model appears suited for widespread use in managing data on crop improvement. C1 [White, Jeffrey W.] ARS, USAL, ARC, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [DeLacy, Ian H.] Univ Queensland, Sch Land Crop & Food Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [DeLacy, Ian H.] ACPFG, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Fox, P. N.] ACIAR, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [McLaren, Graham] CIMMYT, Generat Challenge Program, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Trethowan, Richard] Univ Sydney, Plant Breeding Inst, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. RP White, JW (reprint author), ARS, USAL, ARC, USDA, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM jeffrey.white@ars.usda.gov FU IRRI; CIMMYT Nunhems B.V.; Bayer Crop Science; Generation Challenge Program; AAFC SAPRC Swift Current; Quality Wheat CRC Australia; GRDC; ACPFG; University of Queensland in Australia FX The authors express their special gratitude to software developers and database managers at CIMMYT, IRRI, and elsewhere who have supported ICIS and its predecessors. We also acknowledge the constructive feedback of numerous plant breeders and gene-bank curators who have commented on the GMS model. Ongoing ICIS development is partially supported IRRI, CIMMYT Nunhems B.V., Bayer Crop Science, Generation Challenge Program, AAFC SAPRC Swift Current, and Quality Wheat CRC Australia (project completed), GRDC, ACPFG, and University of Queensland in Australia. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or any other institutions associated with the authors. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2100 EP 2112 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.01.0020 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300017 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Phillips, MM Krohn, AL AF Casler, M. D. Phillips, M. M. Krohn, A. L. TI DNA Polymorphisms Reveal Geographic Races of Reed Canarygrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPLAST GENOME SEQUENCES; GRASS PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA; NONCODING REGIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; INVASIVE GRASS; NITRATE-N; AMPLIFICATION; ESTABLISHMENT; TORTOISE; AFLP AB Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is a cool-season perennial with a circumglobal distribution in the northern hemisphere, native to Europe, Asia, and North America. Repeated introductions of European germplasm into North America have created confusion over the origins of reed canarygrass germplasm found in wet-lands, pastures, and breeding programs. The objectives of this study were to identify sources of DNA,marker variation among reed canarygrass cultivars from Europe and North America and between landraces and improved cultivars from North America. Analysis of 205 reed canarygrass plants from 15 cultivars based on 102 amplified fragment length polymorphic,(AFLP) DNA markers revealed two groups of cultivars. One group consisted of three closely related but geographically diverse North American landraces that were completely separated from all other plants in only two dimensions of the AFLP incidence matrix. The complete discrimination of these plants from all European plants suggests their possible origin from native North American germplasm. These results were supported by chloroplast DNA sequenced analysis, which additionally revealed separation of a potential Scandinavian cytoplasmic race. This is the strongest evidence to date suggesting that native North American reed canarygrass germplasm has been preserved within cultivars of this species. C1 [Casler, M. D.; Krohn, A. L.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Phillips, M. M.] Univ Wisconsin, CES Program, Biol Sci Dep, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM michael.casler@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2139 EP 2148 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.02.0055 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300021 ER PT J AU Moon, HS Nifong, JM Nicholson, JS Heineman, A Lion, K van der Hoeven, R Hayes, AJ Lewis, RS AF Moon, H. S. Nifong, J. M. Nicholson, J. S. Heineman, A. Lion, K. van der Hoeven, R. Hayes, A. J. Lewis, R. S. TI Microsatellite-based Analysis of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Genetic Resources SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPRING WHEAT GERMPLASM; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; SSR MARKERS; DIVERSITY; DNA; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATIONS; ACCESSIONS; RESISTANCE; DISTANCES AB Little is currently known about the genetic variation within diverse gene pools of cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Knowledge in this area could aid in future germplasm maintenance activities, provide additional information in the area of N. tabacum population genetics, and assist in selection of materials for breeding or genetic investigations. To this end, 702 N. tabacum accessions from the U.S. Nicotiana Germplasm Collection were genotyped with 70 microsatellite markers. A total of 1031 alleles were detected, with an average of 14.7 alleles per marker. Average gene diversity was quite large (0.7362) and was three times the value for a diverse population of U.S. flue-cured tobacco. Cluster analysis using various distance coefficients generated seven consistent groups. Patterns of geographic-specific clustering were frequent but not universal. An analysis of molecular variance for tobacco collected from Central and South America revealed that 92% of the total genetic variation among samples could be attributed to country-specific subpopulations. There was also a significant level of population subdivision between country-specific subpopulations, however. Tobacco samples collected from Peru had both the largest average gene diversity and the largest mean genetic distance, although N. tabacum collected from Mexico had the greatest allelic richness. Tobacco samples collected from Argentina were the most divergent subpopulation. C1 [Moon, H. S.; Nifong, J. M.; Lewis, R. S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nicholson, J. S.] USDA, APHIS Plant Protect & Quarantine, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Heineman, A.; Lion, K.] Lancaster Labs, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. [van der Hoeven, R.; Hayes, A. J.] Philip Morris Inc, Richmond, VA 23261 USA. RP Lewis, RS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ramsey_lewis@ncsu.edu RI Nifong, Jessica/J-6119-2014 NR 51 TC 17 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2149 EP 2159 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.01.0024 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300022 ER PT J AU Xu, SS Jin, Y Klindworth, DL Wang, RRC Cai, X AF Xu, S. S. Jin, Y. Klindworth, D. L. Wang, R. R. -C Cai, X. TI Evaluation and Characterization of Seedling Resistances to Stem Rust Ug99 Races in Wheat-Alien Species Derivatives SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; DISOMIC SUBSTITUTION LINES; MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM BLOTCH; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; THINOPYRUM-PONTICUM; PARTIAL AMPHIPLOIDS; ADDITION LINES; CONFERRING RESISTANCE AB Stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.), a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was effectively controlled worldwide for the past 50 yr by deployment of stem rust resistance (Sr) genes in wheat cultivars. However, a new stem rust race, TTKSK (known as Ug99 or TTKS) that emerged in eastern Africa, is a cause of concern, because it has broad virulence to currently deployed Sr genes. To identify potentially new sources of effective Sr genes against Ug99, we evaluated and characterized the seedling responses to TTKSK of 62 wheat lines derived from crosses of common or durum wheat (T. turgidum L. ssp. durum) with the species Thinopyrum junceum, Th. intermedium, Th. bessarabicum, Th. elongatum, Th. ponticum, Elymus rectisetus, Aegilops caudata, and Ae. speltoides. For stem rust evaluation, we first tested all lines for reactions to races. TTTT and TTKSK. Lines initially showing resistance to TTKSK were then retested with eight races, including three races in the TTKS lineage (TTKSK, TTKST, and TTTSK) RCRS, RKQQ, and TPMK). Thirty wheat-alien species derivatives had resistance to TTKSK, TTKST, and TTTSK. The comparisons of wheat- alien species derivatives and their parental lines for reactions to different races suggested that 12 partial amphiploids or amphiploids and four disomic addition lines may carry novel genes for stem rust resistance. These resistance lines represent materials for introducing stem rust resistance genes into wheat breeding. C1 [Xu, S. S.; Klindworth, D. L.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Jin, Y.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wang, R. R. -C] ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Cai, X.] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM steven.xu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-22000-033-00D]; Cornell University Project FX We thank Drs. Chao-Chien Jan and Lili Qi for critically reviewing the manuscript. This material is based on work supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 5442-22000-033-00D and Cornell University Project "Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat". NR 49 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2167 EP 2175 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.02.0074 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300024 ER PT J AU He, C Xia, ZL Campbell, TA Bauchan, GR AF He, C. Xia, Z. L. Campbell, T. A. Bauchan, G. R. TI Development and Characterization of SSR Markers and Their Use to Assess Genetic Relationships among Alfalfa Germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L.; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM CULTIVARS; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; TETRAPLOID ALFALFA; LINKAGE MAP; DIPLOID ALFALFA; AFLP MARKERS; DNA MARKERS; EST-SSRS; RFLP AB Simple sequence repeat (SSR), or microsatellite markers, are codominant, abundant and hypervariable molecular markers from eukaryotic genomes that are being widely used in genetic mapping, phylogenetic studies, and marker-assisted selection. Currently, the number of SSR markers available from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genomic libraries is limited. This study was conducted to identify additional SSR markers in the alfalfa genome and to evaluate their ability to separate the nine historically recognized progenitors of North American cultivated alfalfa (African, Chilean, Falcata, Flemish, Indian, Ladak, Peruvian, Turkistan, and Varia), as well as seven additional accessions of M. sativa ssp. sativa, falcata, and coerulea and the model legume M. truncatula. Genomic DNA from the autotetraploid alfalfa germplasm W10 was used to develop 81 primer pairs, which amplified SSRs containing AC, AT, CT, CTT, GAT, and GGT motifs. The majority (96%) of the primer pairs were functional and 61 (78.2%) detected 2 to 11 polymorphic fragments among the accessions. A dendrogram was constructed using cluster analysis from these data, representing three main clusters: (i) diploid ssp. falcata; (ii) M. truncatula; and (iii) all remaining entries. Additional separation of some accessions [M. truncatula (Jemalong'), Ladak ('Ladak'), Fall dormancy 11 (UC-1465), Indian (Sirsa Type 9), Flemish ('Dupuit'), Peruvian ('Hairy Peruvian'), and African 2 ('Moapa')] was obtained through multiple correspondence analysis. These genomic alfalfa SSRs have excellent utility for polymorphic assessment with potential application for phylogenetic and genetic mapping studies of alfalfa. C1 [He, C.; Xia, Z. L.; Campbell, T. A.; Bauchan, G. R.] ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bauchan, GR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gary.bauchan@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2176 EP 2186 DI 10.2135/cropsci2007.04.0456 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300025 ER PT J AU Johnsen, AR Horgan, BP Hulke, BS Cline, V AF Johnsen, Aaron R. Horgan, Brian P. Hulke, Brent S. Cline, Van TI Evaluation of Remote Sensing to Measure Plant Stress in Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) Fairways SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CANOPY SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; MULTISPECTRAL RADIOMETRY; DROUGHT STRESS; TURF QUALITY; RESPONSES; IRRIGATION; CULTIVARS; DISEASE; FESCUE AB Turfgrass irrigation strategies must be clearly defined in response to increasing concerns over quality water availability. Water conservation may be achieved with technologies such as remote sensing. The objectives of this research were to (i) correlate reflectance measurements from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) under stress with volumetric water content and turf quality measurements, (ii) determine if remote sensing can detect plant stress before visual observation, and (iii) explore the influence of nitrogen fertility on water stress detection. Four experiments were conducted in the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons on 3-m(2) creeping bentgrass plots maintained under fairway conditions at the University of Minnesota agriculture campus. Treatments were irrigation at 20, 40, 60, and 80% of predicted evapotranspiration every 3 d on plots fertilized with 98 or 244 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). Reflectance measurements from two remote sensors were more highly correlated (r = 0.73-0.91) than reflectance and turf quality (r = 0.42-0.71) or reflectance and volumetric water content (r = 0.28-0.64). Reflectance measurements detected water stress 0 to 48 h before visual observation across all treatments and experiments. Nitrogen did not influence the ability to detect drought-stressed turfgrass. Use of remote sensors to monitor and detect drought stress has the potential to improve turfgrass irrigation and ultimately conserve water. C1 [Johnsen, Aaron R.; Horgan, Brian P.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hulke, Brent S.] USDA ARS, NCSL Sunflower Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Cline, Van] Toro Co, Bloomington, MN 55420 USA. RP Horgan, BP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dep Hort Sci, 1970 Folwell Ave,305 Alderman Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bphorgan@umn.edu FU The Toro Company; Minnesota Golf Course Superintendents Association FX This research was funded in part by The Toro Company and the Minnesota Golf Course Superintendents Association. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Eric Watkins, Dr. Terry Cooper, Andrew Holman, and Craig Krueger for their contributions to this research. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2261 EP 2274 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.09.0544 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300033 ER PT J AU Ayers, AW Hill, NS Rottinghaus, GE Stuedemann, JA Thompson, FN Purinton, PT Seman, DH Dawe, DL Parks, AH Ensley, D AF Ayers, A. W. Hill, N. S. Rottinghaus, G. E. Stuedemann, J. A. Thompson, F. N. Purinton, P. T. Seman, D. H. Dawe, D. L. Parks, A. H. Ensley, D. TI Ruminal Metabolism and Transport of Tall Fescue Ergot Alkaloids SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LYSERGIC-ACID DIETHYLAMIDE; ERGOPEPTINE ALKALOIDS; ERGOLINE ALKALOIDS; DOPAMINE-RECEPTORS; IN-VITRO; CATTLE; LSD; ERGOVALINE; AGONIST; BINDING AB Circumstantial evidence suggests ergovaline is the putative toxin causing fescue toxicosis. However, several investigators suggest lysergic acid may be involved as well. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to (i) determine the metabolic fate of ergot alkaloids in ruminants, (ii) investigate gastric transport, and (iii) validate these findings in vivo. Ruminal metabolism of the alkaloids was determined by inoculating endophyte-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] with viable and nonviable ruminal fluid using in vitro techniques. Total ergot alkaloid concentration increased with time due to microbial metabolism. The alkaloids were extracted, and ruminal and omasal transport investigated in vitro. Only lysergic acid crossed gastric barriers. To validate the findings, fistulated steers were allowed to graze endophyte-infected or endophyte-free tall fescue paddocks in a crossover study, and ruminal fluid and urine were analyzed for ergot alkaloids over time. Ergovaline was not found in ruminal fluid or urine. Urine was immunopurified from a steer grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A peak with a signal consistent with lysergic acid was found. These results imply that lysergic acid may be involved in the fescue toxicosis syndrome. C1 [Ayers, A. W.; Hill, N. S.] Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Thompson, F. N.; Purinton, P. T.; Dawe, D. L.; Parks, A. H.; Ensley, D.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rottinghaus, G. E.] Univ Missouri, Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Stuedemann, J. A.; Seman, D. H.] USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Hill, NS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM nhill@uga.edu NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2309 EP 2316 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.01.0018 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300038 ER PT J AU Rao, SC Northup, BK AF Rao, Srinivas C. Northup, Brian K. TI Water Use by Five Warm-Season Legumes in the Southern Great Plains SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; FORAGE YIELD; WHEAT; MANURE AB Growing warm-season legumes during fallow periods associated with traditional continuous systems of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern Great Plains (SGP) can provide supplemental forage, biological N, and protection from soil erosion, provided the legumes can tolerate drought stress and not deplete the available water in the soil profile. Our objective was to quantify water use by five species of pulse legumes {pigeon pea [(Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.) cv. GA-2], guar [Cyamopsis tetragonobloba (L.) Taub., cv. Kinman], cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., cv. Chinese red], mung bean [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilcz., cv. Berkins], and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., cv. Hutcheson (the control)]}. Seeds were inoculated and planted after wheat harvest in mid-June 2003 through 2006. The amount of water in the upper 65 cm of the soil profile was measured on nine dates [from 45 d before planting legumes to 195 d since planting (DSP)]. Significant (P < 0.01) differences in soil water were recorded among treatments, dates, and years. Differences in soil water among fallow, cowpea, and mung bean were less following the 2003 and 2004 summer seasons and most noticeable in 2005 and 2006. Mung bean, guar, soybean, and pigeon pea used the greatest amounts of water in 2005, the wettest season, while cowpea and mung bean used the least in 2003. Mung bean, cowpea, and guar generated smaller water deficits and used less soil water, in three of four years, and could be effective in wheat-summer legume rotations in the SGP. C1 [Rao, Srinivas C.; Northup, Brian K.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Rao, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM srinivas.rao@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2317 EP 2323 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.03.0134 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300039 ER PT J AU Agrama, HA Yan, WG Lee, F Fjellstrom, R Chen, MH Jia, M McClung, A AF Agrama, H. A. Yan, WenGui Lee, Fleet Fjellstrom, Robert Chen, Ming-Hsuan Jia, Melissa McClung, Anna TI Genetic Assessment of a Mini-core Developed from the USDA Rice Genebank (vol 49, pg 1336, 2009) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 [Agrama, H. A.; Lee, Fleet] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Yan, WenGui; Fjellstrom, Robert; Jia, Melissa; McClung, Anna] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Chen, Ming-Hsuan] USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Agrama, HA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, 2890 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM hagrama@uark.edu NR 1 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2413 EP 2413 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.06.0551er PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517IS UT WOS:000271607300054 ER PT J AU Shearer, GC Newman, JW AF Shearer, Gregory C. Newman, John W. TI Impact of circulating esterified eicosanoids and other oxylipins on endothelial function SO CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; EPOXYEICOSATRIENOIC ACIDS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; FATTY-ACID; IN-VIVO; CELLS AB Eicosanoids, including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and other oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, have emerging roles in endothelial inflammation and subsequent atherosclerosis. Unlike eicosanoids in the prostanoid series, they are known to be esterified in cell lipids such as phospholipids and triglycerides; however, our understanding of these reservoirs is in its infancy. This review focuses on recent work identifying circulating oxylipins, primarily esterified with lipoprotein lipids, and their effects on markers of endothelial dysfunction. These oxylipins are known to be released by at least one lipase (lipoprotein lipase) and to mediate increased expression of inflammatory markers in endothelial cells, which coincides with the known roles of lipoproteins in endothelial dysfunction. The implications of the lipolytic release of lipoproteinbound oxylipins for the inflammatory response, challenges to analysis of this oxylipin compartment, and the potential importance of non-arachidonatederived oxylipins are discussed. C1 [Shearer, Gregory C.] Sanford Res Univ S Dakota, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA. [Newman, John W.] USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Newman, John W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Shearer, GC (reprint author), Sanford Res Univ S Dakota, Cardiovasc Hlth Res Ctr, 1100 E 21st St,Suite 700, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA. EM greg.shearer@usd.edu FU GlaxoSmithKline FX Dr. Shearer has received a grant from GlaxoSmithKline for investigating the effects of Lovaza on lipoprotein structure and function. NR 52 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 9 PU CURRENT MEDICINE GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 400 MARKET STREET, STE 700, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1523-3804 J9 CURR ATHEROSCLER REP JI Curr. Atherosclerol. Rep. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 11 IS 6 BP 403 EP 410 DI 10.1007/s11883-009-0061-3 PG 8 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 515VQ UT WOS:000271501400001 PM 19852880 ER PT J AU Ceglia, L AF Ceglia, Lisa TI Vitamin D and its role in skeletal muscle SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Article DE physical performance; skeletal muscle; Vitamin D; Vitamin D receptor ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; D-RECEPTOR GENOTYPE; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; 1-ALPHA,25(OH)(2)-VITAMIN D-3; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AB Purpose of review Vitamin D is best known for its role in regulating calcium homeostasis and in strengthening bone. However, it has become increasingly clear that it also has important beneficial effects beyond the skeleton, including muscle. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of vitamin D in skeletal muscle tissue and physical performance. Recent findings Molecular mechanisms of vitamin D action in muscle tissue include genomic and nongenomic effects via a receptor present in muscle cells. Knockout mouse models of the vitamin D receptor provide insight into understanding the direct effects of vitamin D on muscle tissue. Vitamin D status is positively associated with physical performance and inversely associated with risk of falling. Vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve tests of muscle performance, reduce falls, and possibly impact on muscle fiber composition and morphology in vitamin D deficient older adults. Summary Further studies are needed to fully characterize the underlying mechanisms of vitamin D action in human muscle tissue, to understand how these actions translate into changes in muscle cell morphology and improvements in physical performance, and to define the 25-hydroxyvitamin D level at which to achieve these beneficial effects in muscle. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ceglia, L (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM lisa.ceglia@tufts.edu FU 'Boston OAIC: A Translational Approach to Function Promoting Anabolic Therapies' [P30 AG031679]; NIH [T32 DK007651]; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This material is based upon work supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 78 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1363-1950 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD NOV PY 2009 VL 12 IS 6 BP 628 EP 633 DI 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328331c707 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 513BI UT WOS:000271296600012 PM 19770647 ER PT J AU Terenius, O Popham, HJR Shelby, KS AF Terenius, Olle Popham, Holly J. R. Shelby, Kent S. TI Bacterial, but not baculoviral infections stimulate Hemolin expression in noctuid moths SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Baculovirus; Hemolin; Innate immunity; Heliothis virescens; Helicoverpa zea; Micrococcus luteus; HzSNPV ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LARVAE; HYALOPHORA-CECROPIA; GENE-EXPRESSION; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; MEDIATED INHIBITION; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; ANTHERAEA-PERNYI; INSECT IMMUNITY AB Lepidopteran larvae are regularly infected by baculoviruses during feeding on infected plants. The differences in sensitivity to these infections can be substantial, even among closely related species. For example, the noctuids Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea) and Tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), have a 1000-fold difference in sensitivity to Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) infection. Recent data were interpreted to indicate that the lepidopteran immunoglobulin protein, Hemolin, is synthesized upon viral injection and therefore to participate in anti-viral responses. To investigate whether Hemolin synthesis is affected by a natural viral infection, specific transcription in fat bodies and hemocytes of H. zea and H. virescens larvae was monitored following per os infection with the baculovirus HzSNPV (H. zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus). Both moths showed the same expression pattern as seen in uninfected animals and coincided with ecdysone responses, previously known to induce Hemolin expression. In contrast, injection of lyophilized Micrococcus luteus resulted in increased Hemolin expression supporting a role for Hemolin as an immuno-responsive protein in these species. The combined data are consistent with the suggestion that while Hemolin seems to participate in the response to virus infection in the superfamily Bombycoidea, this is not true in the Noctuoidea. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Terenius, Olle] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Popham, Holly J. R.; Shelby, Kent S.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Terenius, O (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Olle.Terenius@ekol.slu.se RI Shelby, Kent/E-1605-2011; OI Shelby, Kent/0000-0001-9859-3497; Terenius, Olle/0000-0002-9909-1859 NR 49 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1176 EP 1185 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2009.06.009 PG 10 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 494ZZ UT WOS:000269860200005 PM 19540262 ER PT J AU Sistla, A Smith, DJ Kobrinsky, NL Kumar, K AF Sistla, Anand Smith, David J. Kobrinsky, Nathan L. Kumar, Krishna TI Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of liposomal etoposide in rats SO DRUG DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE Etoposide; liposomes; charges; pharmacokinetics; tissue distribution ID LANGERHANS-CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS; IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; DISPOSITION INVIVO; OVARIAN-CANCER; DELIVERY; DRUGS; LUNG AB Precipitation of etoposide and adverse events associated with the co-solvents in intravenous solutions can be avoided by using liposomal etoposide (LE). The pharmacokinetics and distribution of the commercial formulation (ETPI) and LE were compared in rats. The pharmacokinetic profiles were biphasic and similar in the initial phase (C(max), Vd, and t(1/2a)). However, LE showed a 60% increase in AUC with a 35% decrease in clearance (p<0.05). This decreased clearance resulted in a 70% increase in the MRT of etoposide. The uptake of etoposide from LE was higher in macrophage-phagocytic endowed tissues indicating that LE is superior to ETPI for targeted delivery of etoposide. C1 [Sistla, Anand] Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Res Formulat, La Jolla Labs, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Sistla, Anand; Kumar, Krishna] N Dakota State Univ, Coll Pharm, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Smith, David J.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Kobrinsky, Nathan L.] MeritCare Hosp, Roger Maris Canc Ctr, Fargo, ND 58122 USA. [Kumar, Krishna] Howard Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Sch Pharm, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Sistla, A (reprint author), Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Res Formulat, La Jolla Labs, 10777 Sci Ctr Dr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM anand.sistla@pfizer.com FU Children's Hospital Research Foundation; MeritCare Hospitals, Fargo [ND 58122] FX Funding for the study provided by Children's Hospital Research Foundation, MeritCare Hospitals, Fargo, ND 58122. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1071-7544 J9 DRUG DELIV JI Drug Deliv. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 16 IS 8 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.3109/10717540903223418 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 528WH UT WOS:000272477200001 PM 19839786 ER PT J AU Wilson, GV AF Wilson, G. V. TI Mechanisms of ephemeral gully erosion caused by constant flow through a continuous soil-pipe SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE ephemeral gully; internal erosion; soil pipe; preferential flow; shear stress ID PIPING EROSION; STORM EVENTS; WATER; SEEPAGE; NONEQUILIBRIUM; CONSEQUENCES; MACROPORES; TRANSPORT AB Ephemeral gully erosion is considered to be driven by convergent surface flow while the role of subsurface flow is often overlooked. This study sought to characterize and quantify the soil erosion mechanisms associated with ephemeral gully erosion by pipe flow. A soil pipe (1 cm o.d.) was formed in a 10 cm soil bed immediately above a 5 cm water restricting layer. Flow into the soil pipe was established at steady-state rates of 190 and 284 1 h(-1). Experiments were performed for pipe flow alone and with rainfall. Despite a constant flow rate into soil pipes, pipe flow was highly unstable due to internal mass wasting clogging soil pipes until pressure increases forced the debris plug out of the pipe. Short (10-20 Seconds) periods of negligible flow were followed by surges in flow with high sediment concentrations that included a high proportion of aggregates. Increases in soil water pressures associated with these debris flows were observed but were likely not representative of the pressures inside the soil pipes due to hydraulic non-equilibrium between the soil pipe and soil matrix. Hydraulic non-equilibrium resulted in hydraulic gradients in the opposite direction of flow through the soil pipe during early stages of pipe flow. Pipe flow rates and sediment concentrations during debris flow periods were likely more extreme than observed due to integration over the three minute sample collection interval. The Slot Erosion Test (SET) was extended to conditions of constant flow rate through an internal soil pipe that was observed at the front face of a soil bed. The modified SET provided estimates of shear stress between 2.2 to 5.3 kg m(-1) s(-2), however, the technique did not prove effective for estimation of the soil erodibility coefficient. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. RP Wilson, GV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS USA. EM Glenn.Wilson@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 34 IS 14 BP 1858 EP 1866 DI 10.1002/esp.1869 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 516VK UT WOS:000271571200004 ER PT J AU Wells, RR Bennett, SJ Alonso, CV AF Wells, Robert R. Bennett, Sean J. Alonso, Carlos V. TI Effect of soil texture, tailwater height, and pore-water pressure on the morphodynamics of migrating headcuts in upland concentrated flows SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE soil texture; tailwater height; pore-water pressure; morphodynamics; migrating headcuts ID EPHEMERAL GULLY EROSION; RILL EROSION; GROWTH; AREAS; JETS AB Rill and gully erosion in upland and agricultural areas can result in significant soil degradation worldwide, and headcuts are the primary mechanism by which this landscape dissection occurs. Experiments were conducted to further examine the morphodynamic behavior of actively migrating headcuts in upland concentrated flows with varying boundary conditions. The effect of soil texture greatly modified the erodibility of the select soils, and headcut migration rates, scour depths, and sediment discharges were correlated to the critical shear stress and erodibility of the select soils. The effect of increasing tailwater height greatly reduced the nappe entry angle at the brink of the headcut, completely arresting the soil erosion processes. Altering subsurface pore-water pressures markedly changed the erodibility coefficients of the select soil, which caused greater headcut migration rates and sediment discharges, yet shallower scour holes, in the presence of a subsurface water table. Current analytic formulations based on jet impingement theory successfully predicted these experimental observations, further demonstrating the utility of such analytic formulations in advancing watershed management technology. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wells, Robert R.; Alonso, Carlos V.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MI USA. [Bennett, Sean J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Wells, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MI USA. EM robert.wells@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service and NSF [EAR0640617] FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and NSF (EAR0640617). We thank Antonia Smith and Don Seale for providing technical support. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 34 IS 14 BP 1867 EP 1877 DI 10.1002/esp.1871 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 516VK UT WOS:000271571200005 ER PT J AU Romkens, MJM AF Romkens, M. J. M. TI Estimating seepage and hydraulic potentials near incised ditches in a homogeneous, isotropic aquifer SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE seepage; gully erosion; groundwater flow; drainage ID RATES AB Soil erosion on upland areas is a highly complex phenomenon involving many component processes. One of the least explored processes is the role of subsurface flow. Rain or irrigation water entering the soil profile either accrues to groundwater or exits at some point downslope as seepage. In the latter case, the positive water pressure may lead to detachment of soil particles, aggregates, or bulk soil, that often is a prelude to incipient rilling or gullying. This article concerns the analysis of seepage to ditches with a water level lower than the adjacent field water table and the hydraulic pressures near the ditches in order to assess their contributing role in gully development. The approach taken is to analyze the subsurface flow regime under steady-state conditions using the theory of conformal transformations. First, seepage to a fully filled circular drain in a homogeneous isotropic layer overlaying an impermeable layer was analyzed. Subsequently, the case of drainage to a ditch partially filled with water and the effect of a buffer strip adjacent to the ditch on seepage reduction were studied using the same methodology. Two approaches were considered to approximate the water level in the buffer strip: (1) a confined boundary represented by a straight line between the ditch water level and the field surface water level; and (2) a free boundary in which the groundwater level was approximated by the pressure potential relationship for flow from a ponded surface area to a sink placed at the surface at a distance equal to the width of the buffer strip. The latter analysis yielded explicit expressions of seepage, and the groundwater hydraulic and stream potential functions in terms of the spatial coordinates. This relationship should facilitate the analysis of the role of the subsurface water regime on seepage, soil erosion, and gully development. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab Director, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Romkens, MJM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab Director, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM matt.romkens@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 34 IS 14 BP 1903 EP 1914 DI 10.1002/esp.1880 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 516VK UT WOS:000271571200008 ER PT J AU Haynes, KJ Liebhold, AM Fearer, TM Wang, GM Norman, GW Johnson, DM AF Haynes, Kyle J. Liebhold, Andrew M. Fearer, Todd M. Wang, Guiming Norman, Gary W. Johnson, Derek M. TI Spatial synchrony propagates through a forest food web via consumer-resource interactions SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Erythrobalanus; food web; gypsy moth; indirect effect; Lymantria dispar; mast seeding; Moran effect; nucleopolyhedrosis virus, NPV; Peromyscus leucopus; red oak acorn; regional stochasticity; white-footed mouse ID MICROTINE POPULATION-CYCLES; GYPSY-MOTH OUTBREAKS; ACORN PRODUCTION; GEOGRAPHICAL SYNCHRONY; INSECT OUTBREAKS; NORTH-AMERICA; SMALL MAMMALS; DYNAMICS; MAST; PATTERNS AB In many study systems, populations fluctuate synchronously across large regions. Several mechanisms have been advanced to explain this, but their importance in nature is often uncertain. Theoretical studies suggest that spatial synchrony initiated in one species through Moran effects may propagate among trophically linked species, but evidence for this in nature is lacking. By applying the nonparametric spatial correlation function to time series data, we discover that densities of the gypsy moth, the moth's chief predator (the white-footed mouse), and the mouse's winter food source (red oak acorns) fluctuate synchronously over similar distances (similar to 1000 km) and with similar levels of synchrony. In addition, we investigate the importance of consumer-resource interactions in propagating synchrony among species using an empirically informed simulation model of interactions between acorns, the white-footed mouse, the gypsy moth, and a viral pathogen of the gypsy moth. Our results reveal that regional stochasticity acting directly on populations of the mouse, moth, or pathogen likely has little effect on levels of the synchrony displayed by these species. In contrast, synchrony in mast seeding can propagate across trophic levels, thus explaining observed levels of synchrony in both white-footed mouse and gypsy moth populations. This work suggests that the transfer of synchrony among trophically linked species may be a major factor causing interspecific synchrony. C1 [Haynes, Kyle J.; Johnson, Derek M.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Fearer, Todd M.] Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. [Wang, Guiming] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Norman, Gary W.] Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Verona, VA 24482 USA. RP Haynes, KJ (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM kjh1087@louisiana.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Wang, Guiming/E-4582-2011; Haynes, Kyle/C-1374-2012; Johnson, Derek/B-6409-2012 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Haynes, Kyle/0000-0002-3283-6633; FU USDA-NRI [2006-35306-17264] FX Special thanks to Steve Vessey, Malcolm Hunter, Joe Merritt, and Jerry Wolff for sharing rodent data sets. We thank Gino Luzader for preparing Fig. 1 and managing the gypsy moth defoliation database. Juanita Constible provided comments on a draft of the manuscript. This research was funded by a USDA-NRI Grant (2006-35306-17264) to Derek Johnson. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 90 IS 11 BP 2974 EP 2983 DI 10.1890/08-1709.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515GY UT WOS:000271457300002 PM 19967854 ER PT J AU Reinhart, KO Clay, K AF Reinhart, Kurt O. Clay, Keith TI Spatial variation in soil-borne disease dynamics of a temperate tree, Prunus serotina SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE among-tree variability; density-dependent and distance-dependent mortality; Janzen-Connell hypothesis; oomycetes; Prunus serotina; Pythium; soil-borne pathogens ID TROPICAL FORESTS; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; SEEDLING MORTALITY; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PLANT-PATHOGENS; RAIN-FOREST; DENSITY; COEXISTENCE; ECOLOGY; PATTERNS AB Soil-borne pathogens are posited to maintain forest diversity. However, their in situ impact and spatial variation are largely unknown. We examined spatial patterns of pathogenic activity in a deciduous forest using a common garden experiment and also in a natural experiment around replicated trees, and we quantified Pythium (a soil-borne pathogen) density around individual Prunus serotina trees. In both experiments, P. serotina seedling survival was 52-57% greater in plots treated with a metalaxyl-based fungicide specific to oomycetes (i.e., Pythium) than in untreated plots. Disease dynamics were not density dependent, but pathogenic activity and Pythium density were spatially variable. In the common garden and natural experiments, pathogenic activity of soil inoculum varied among trees, while in the natural experiment disease dynamics were also distance dependent and pathogenic activity decreased away from P. serotina trees. Disease and Pythium density were not always related but displayed considerable spatial variation. We found that Pythium density did not vary with distance away from P. serotina trees but did vary among trees. Understanding the spatial complexity of soil-borne pathogens is critical to accurately characterizing their effects on populations and ultimately on forest diversity. C1 [Reinhart, Kurt O.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Reinhart, Kurt O.; Clay, Keith] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Reinhart, KO (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM kurt.reinhart@ars.usda.gov RI Reinhart, Kurt/A-6730-2010; Clay, Keith/C-8730-2012 FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; National Park Service; Ecological Society of America; National Park Foundation FX The research of K. O. Reinhart was supported by the National Parks Ecological Research Fellowship Program, funded through a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation helping form a partnership between the National Park Service, the Ecological Society of America, and the National Park Foundation. We appreciate Douglas Tompkins, Melanie Knapp, Matthew Swenson, and Patrick McGinley for assistance in the laboratory; Susan Cook for assistance in the field; Mark West for assistance with statistical analyses; and Alejandro Royo, Margaret Metz, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on this manuscript. We appreciate the use of the Indiana University Research and Teaching Preserve system for portions of this research. NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 34 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 90 IS 11 BP 2984 EP 2993 DI 10.1890/08-1380.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515GY UT WOS:000271457300003 PM 19967855 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MK Copeland, JP Anderson, NJ Squires, JR Inman, RM McKelvey, KS Pilgrim, KL Waits, LP Cushman, SA AF Schwartz, Michael K. Copeland, Jeffrey P. Anderson, Neil J. Squires, John R. Inman, Robert M. McKelvey, Kevin S. Pilgrim, Kristy L. Waits, Lisette P. Cushman, Samuel A. TI Wolverine gene flow across a narrow climatic niche SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corridors; effective population size; geographic information system; Gulo gulo; landscape resistance; least-cost paths; population genetics; wolverines ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; GULO-GULO POPULATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITES; GREATER YELLOWSTONE; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MONTANA; CANADA; DNA AB Wolverines (Gulo gulo) are one of the rarest carnivores in the contiguous United States. Effective population sizes in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, where most of the wolverines in the contiguous United States exist, were calculated to be 35 (credible limits, 28 52) suggesting low abundance. Landscape features that influence wolverine population substructure and gene flow are largely unknown. Recent work has identified strong associations between areas with persistent spring snow and wolverine presence and range. We tested whether a dispersal model in which wolverines prefer to disperse through areas characterized by persistent spring snow cover produced least-cost paths among all individuals that correlated with genetic distance among individuals. Models simulating large preferences for dispersing within areas characterized by persistent spring snow explained the data better than a model based on Euclidean distance. Partial Mantel tests separating Euclidean distance from spring snow-cover-based effects indicated that Euclidean distance was not significant in describing patterns of genetic distance. Because these models indicated that successful dispersal paths followed areas characterized by spring snow cover, we used these understandings to derive empirically based least-cost corridor maps in the U. S. Rocky Mountains. These corridor maps largely explain previously published population subdivision patterns based on mitochondrial DNA and indicate that natural colonization of the southern Rocky Mountains by wolverines will be difficult but not impossible. C1 [Schwartz, Michael K.; Copeland, Jeffrey P.; Squires, John R.; McKelvey, Kevin S.; Pilgrim, Kristy L.; Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Anderson, Neil J.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Inman, Robert M.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Waits, Lisette P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU PECASE award; Bridger-Teton National Forest Challenge Cost Share Program; Bullitt Foundation; Canyon Creek Foundation; Caribou-Targhee National Forest Challenge Cost Share Program; Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation; Greater Yellow-stone Coordinating Committee; IDF and G Wildlife Grants Program; Laura Moore-Cunningham Foundation; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; New York Community Trust; Richard King Mellon Foundation; Tapeats Fund; Wilburforce Foundation; Wyoming Game and Fish State Wildlife Grants Program FX We thank the Lolo Pass Redevelopment Project, the Federal Highway Administration, and the Idaho Transportation Department for supporting field efforts on wolverines in the Bitterroot Mountains, especially D. Davis and W. Melquist. We thank C. Engkjer for laboratory assistance, as well as the many field assistants who collected samples, including R. Yates, J. Wilmot, T. McCue, M. Packila, T. Ulizio, and B. Jimenez. We also thank J. Tucker and P. Beier for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. M. K. Schwartz was supported during parts of this work by a PECASE award. We thank the following groups for providing funding: Bridger-Teton National Forest Challenge Cost Share Program, Bullitt Foundation, Canyon Creek Foundation, Caribou-Targhee National Forest Challenge Cost Share Program, Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Greater Yellow-stone Coordinating Committee, IDF and G Wildlife Grants Program, Laura Moore-Cunningham Foundation, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, New York Community Trust, Richard King Mellon Foundation, Tapeats Fund, Wilburforce Foundation, Wyoming Game and Fish State Wildlife Grants Program, and private individuals. NR 59 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 67 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 90 IS 11 BP 3222 EP 3232 DI 10.1890/08-1287.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515GY UT WOS:000271457300025 PM 19967877 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Sharma-Shivappa, RR Burns, JC Cheng, J AF Yang, Ying Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R. Burns, Joseph C. Cheng, Jay TI Saccharification and Fermentation of Dilute-Acid-Pretreated Freeze-Dried Switchgrass SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA RECYCLED PERCOLATION; CORN STOVER; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; WHEAT-STRAW; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; FIBER; CELLULOSE; OPTIMIZATION AB This study investigated the potential of three freeze-dried switchgrass germplasms (St6-1, St6-3E, and St6-3F) as whole plants or their steins and leaves for bioethanol production. Whole switchgrass germplasms contained 24.34-30.95% glucan, 14.68-18.58% xylan, and 17.39-19.46% lignin. Switchgrass samples were pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% (w/v) for 30, 45, or 60 min at 121 degrees C and 15 psi. Although lignin degradation wits limited, over 80% hemicellulose solublization was observed, especially in leaf samples, and the removal could be enhanced by increasing the pretreatment intensity through acid concentration and treatment time adjustment. Within each germplasm, pretreated samples with the least lignin content or greatest percent hemicellulose (xylan and arabinan) solublization were hydrolyzed enzymatically by cellulase at 0, 15, or 30 filter paper units (FPU)/g of dry biomass supplemented with cellobiase. Although the addition of cellulase greatly improved cellulose to glucose conversion, no significant (p >= 0.05) differences were observed between activity levels of 15 and 30 FPU/g of dry biomass. Pretreatment significantly (p < 0.05) improved cellulose conversion in samples with the greatest hemicellulose solublization; complete cellulose hydrolysis was observed in some St6-3F samples. Fermentation of hydrolyzates with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24859) resulted in the greatest ethanol yield of 0.083 g of ethanol/g of raw St6-3F switchgrass whole plant, which was 60% of the theoretical yield. Results from this study demonstrated the potential of new switchgrass germplasms as energy crops for bioethanol production through dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment. C1 [Yang, Ying; Sharma-Shivappa, Ratna R.; Cheng, Jay] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, Joseph C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, Joseph C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sharma-Shivappa, RR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ratna_sharma@ncsu.edu RI Yang, Ying/N-4250-2014 FU North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS) FX Partial funding for this project was provided by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS). The authors sincerely thank Dr. George C. Allen (Horticultural Science, NCSU) for Valuable suggestions during the Study and Dr. Jason A. Osborne (Statistics, NCSU) for assistance with statistical analyses. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV PY 2009 VL 23 BP 5626 EP 5635 DI 10.1021/ef9003335 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 531VW UT WOS:000272700200041 ER PT J AU Pinero, JC Mau, RFL McQuate, GT Vargas, RI AF Pinero, Jaime C. Mau, Ronald F. L. McQuate, Grant T. Vargas, Roger I. TI Novel bait stations for attract-and-kill of pestiferous fruit flies SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE rain-fastness; papaya leaf mimic; Tephritidae; insecticidal baits; behavior; response; Diptera; Bactrocera dorsalis; Bactrocera cucurbitae; Ceratitis capitata ID FLY DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE; PEST-MANAGEMENT; PROTEIN BAITS; MELON FLIES; BACTROCERA-CUCURBITAE; METHYL EUGENOL; APPLE MAGGOT; HOST FRUIT; GF-120; SPINOSAD AB A novel, visually-attractive bait station was developed in Hawaii for application of insecticidal baits against oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), and Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (all Diptera: Tephritidae). The bait station developed represents a supernormal visual stimulus of papaya foliage and takes advantage of the flies' strong response to the high light-reflecting properties of yellow color and of their need for shelter, while fully protecting the bait against rainfall. Field studies revealed that the behavioral response of female fruit flies, in particular C. capitata and B. cucurbitae, to yellow-painted bait stations sprayed with GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait was significantly enhanced compared with similarly sprayed bait stations that mimicked the green color of fully grown papaya leaves. Field studies conducted with B. cucurbitae indicated that the period of bait attractiveness can be extended for at least 1 week after bait application due to the rain-fastness properties of the bait stations and the use of a visually-attractive color. Our studies provide the behavioral basis for the development of improved attract-and-kill bait stations for fruit flies in Hawaii. These devices also provide a standardized way of evaluating bait spray formulations, thus allowing for proper comparisons over time, across species, and among geographical areas. C1 [Pinero, Jaime C.; Mau, Ronald F. L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [McQuate, Grant T.; Vargas, Roger I.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Pinero, JC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jpinero@ctahr.hawaii.edu NR 49 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 133 IS 2 BP 208 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00912.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504WO UT WOS:000270648800012 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK AF Reeves, Will K. TI LUTZOMYIA (HELCOCYRTOMYIA) APACHE YOUNG AND PERKINS (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) FEEDS ON REPTILES SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS; SAND FLIES; VECTORS C1 USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, 1000 E Univ Ave,Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM will.reeves@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 120 IS 5 BP 574 EP 576 DI 10.3157/021.120.0516 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 695VL UT WOS:000285400600016 ER PT J AU Smith, KT Shortle, WC Connolly, JH Minocha, R Jellison, J AF Smith, Kevin T. Shortle, Walter C. Connolly, Jon H. Minocha, Rakesh Jellison, Jody TI Calcium fertilization increases the concentration of calcium in sapwood and calcium oxalate in foliage of red spruce SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Calcium oxalate; Red spruce; Dendrochemistry; Calcium cycling ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FOREST-FLOOR; PLANTS; ALUMINUM; SOIL; ACID; INDICATORS; CHEMISTRY; NUTRIENT; STRESS AB Calcium cycling plays a key role in the health and productivity of red Spruce forests in the northeastern US. A portion of the flowpath of calcium within forests includes translocation as Ca(2+) in sapwood and accumulation as crystals of calcium oxalate in foliage. Concentrations of Ca in these tree tissues have been used as markers of environmental change due to acidic deposition or forest management practices. We compared the effects of Ca fertilization treatment on Ca concentration in wood and Ca and oxalate (Ox) concentration in foliage at two locations with different initial concentrations of Ca in the soil. We found greater amounts of Ca in wood from the high-Ca location than from the low-Ca location. Ca concentration was greater in wood formed in the 1970s than for wood formed in the 1980s, the outermost decadal band in these samples. The Ca-treatment was detected as an increased concentration of Ca in the 1970s and 1980s decadal bands. We also found that variation in Ca and Ox in foliage was essentially stoichiometric. The appearance and response to chemical tests of crystals in foliage were consistent with identification as calcium oxalate. The increased Ca in wood after Ca-treatment of the soil Supports the use of dendrochemistry of base cations to investigate environmental change. However. differences in Ca concentration between the two outermost decadal bands of wood illustrate that internal processes of translocation and storage also affect Ca concentration. Calcium oxalate production in foliage diverts carbon from ordinary biosynthesis and energy-yielding processes. This sequestration, shedding, and decomposition of foliage may represent a significant and under-recognized contribution to carbon and Ca cycling. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Smith, Kevin T.; Shortle, Walter C.; Minocha, Rakesh] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Connolly, Jon H.] Sheridan Coll, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. [Jellison, Jody] Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Smith, KT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM ktsmith@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 67 IS 1 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.07.007 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 505NR UT WOS:000270701100036 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Ruckle, JM Bush, LP AF Belesky, David P. Ruckle, Joyce M. Bush, Lowell P. TI Microsite conditions influence nutritive value characteristics of a tall fescue cultivar devoid of, or infected with a native, or a novel non-ergogenic endophyte SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Crude protein; Ergoalkaloids; Evapotranspiration; Leaf dry matter content; Non-structural carbohydrate; Phenolics; Loline alkaloids; Radiation productivity; Shade ID ALKALOID-PRODUCING ENDOPHYTES; CENTRAL APPALACHIAN REGION; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; LIGHT GRADIENT; EASTERN USA; CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; LOLIUM-PERENNE; RADIATION AB Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum, Schreb., S.J. Darbysh.] productivity and persistence often benefits from association with Neotyphodium coenophialum [Morgan-Jones and Gams], Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin)endophyte. The influence of novel, non-ergogenic endophytes on nutritive value is unclear, especially when simultaneous stresses (e.g., defoliation and shading) are imposed on the association. We conducted a field experiment using Jesup tall fescue that had either a native or novel non-ergogenic fungal endophyte (AR542; referred to as MaxQ (TM)), or that was endophyte free. Dry matter production and nutritive value including crude protein (CP), non-structural carbohydrates (TNC), ergo- and loline alkaloids, and phenolics were determined for plants stockpiled or clipped repeatedly in sites differing in the amount of light. Productivity varied less among sites when plants were infected with a native endophyte compared to novel or no endophyte. The trend suggests that native endophyte contributed to resilience of the host in this experiment. Leaf dry matter content was affected by host-endophyte association interacting with light availability suggesting differences in leaf composition could occur. Herbage CP increased, whereas TNC decreased with increasing shade. The concentration of loline alkaloids, irrespective of host-endophyte association, tended to increase in leaves with decreasing light availability and could be related to the relatively greater N concentrations in shade-grown leaves. Phenolics decreased in leaves, but increased in stembases as light availability decreased. The combination of increased loline alkaloids in leaves and phenolics in stembases, suggests that shade-grown tall fescue might have some competitive advantage based on the known anti-herbivory attributes of loline alkaloids and phenolic compounds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Belesky, David P.; Ruckle, Joyce M.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Bush, Lowell P.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM david.belesky@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 EI 1873-7307 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 67 IS 1 BP 284 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.07.008 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 505NR UT WOS:000270701100037 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Cox, SE AF Booth, D. Terrance Cox, Samuel E. TI Dual-camera, high-resolution aerial assessment of pipeline revegetation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Aerial photography; Aerial monitoring costs; Environmental monitoring; Ground-cover measurements; Point sampling; Spatial data ID GROUND COVER; DIGITAL IMAGERY; RANGELAND AB Energy-extraction results in significant disturbance to rangelands in Wyoming and other western US states. Although reclamation is required by law, US General Accounting Office reports from 1999 and 2005 are clear that affected government agencies have-over much of the past decade-had difficulty accomplishing mandated environmental monitoring of extraction-related disturbance. We evaluated two pipeline rights of way (ROW) using nested images (1- or 2- with 13- or 20-mm ground sample distance (GSD)) acquired during Very-Large Scale Aerial (VLSA) surveys. Aerial monitoring allowed for the collection of large numbers of geocoded samples, and for subsequent cover measurements using methods with demonstrated accuracy equal to that of conventional ground-based methods. Both pipelines had vegetative-cover deficiencies relative to their Plan of Development (POD) requirements. Using bare ground and ground-cover measurements from the higher-resolution imagery, we present a spatial representation of each pipeline ROW that allows quick identification of sections of the ROW that may need further reclamation action to meet POD standards. We also present aerial monitoring costs. We recommend VLSA pipeline surveys as a means for facilitating required environmental monitoring and for addressing the monitoring backlog that has developed with increased energy-extraction activity. C1 [Booth, D. Terrance; Cox, Samuel E.] ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM terry.booth@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Interior, Wyoming State Office, Lander Field Office; Casper Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management FX The research was funded in part by the US Department of Interior, Wyoming State Office, Lander Field Office and Casper Field Office of the Bureau of Land Management. John Likins and Charlie Fifield, of the Lander and Casper BLM Field Offices, respectively, greatly facilitated data collection and analysis and have provided helpful comments on the paper. The authors thank Adele Legerski, who performed much of the image analysis; Joe Nance of Cloud Street Flying Services, who piloted the aircraft for data collection; Carmen Kennedy for editorial assistance; and Mike Burns, Daniel Gredvig and Drs. Larry Chandler, David Groeneveld, Paul Meiman, and Mark West for reviewing the manuscript. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 158 IS 1-4 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0562-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 518DJ UT WOS:000271670200004 PM 18956246 ER PT J AU Cox, SE Booth, DT AF Cox, Samuel E. Booth, D. Terrance TI Shadow attenuation with high dynamic range images SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Vegetation; Monitoring; Luma; Image analysis; Oversaturation; Underexposure ID PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE; AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; TECHNICAL NOTE; QUADRATS; COVER AB Shadow often interferes with accurate image analysis. To mitigate shadow effects in near-earth imagery (2 m above ground level), we created high dynamic range (HDR) nadir images and used them to measure grassland ground cover. HDR composites were created by merging three differentially exposed images spanning a wide exposure range and resulted in lightened shadows. HDR images showed more detail; reduced the numbers of pure black, pure white, and pixels visually indistinguishable from black and white; reapportioned skewed luma values towards a normal distribution; and increased the Euclidean distance between litter and bare ground RGB values-allowing increased feature separation; all of which facilitated an increase in real feature classification through manual image analysis. Drawbacks to the method included decreased image sharpness due to minor misalignment of images or moving vegetation, time required to create HDR images, and difficulty with acquiring primary images from a moving platform. We conclude that HDR imagery can provide more accurate measurements of bare soil cover for ecosystem monitoring and assessment. C1 [Cox, Samuel E.; Booth, D. Terrance] ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Cox, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. EM Samuel.Cox@ars.usda.gov FU Wyoming State Office of the Bureau of Land Management; Inter-Agency Powder River Aquatic Task Group FX Funding was provided by a grant to D. T. Booth from the Wyoming State Office of the Bureau of Land Management and by a grant to D. T. Booth from the Inter-Agency Powder River Aquatic Task Group. We thank Jessica Crowder, Pam Freeman, Larry Griffith, Carmen Kennedy, Gretchen Meyer, and Andrea Pettay for technical assistance, Robert Berryman for developing the C#pixel counting program and David Augustine for MRPP analysis. We also thank Andrea Laliberte and Sarah Swopes for reviewing the manuscript. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 158 IS 1-4 BP 231 EP 241 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0577-y PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 518DJ UT WOS:000271670200019 PM 18972218 ER PT J AU Farr, C Skousen, J Edwards, P Connolly, S Sencindiver, J AF Farr, C. Skousen, J. Edwards, P. Connolly, S. Sencindiver, J. TI Acid soil indicators in forest soils of the Cherry River Watershed, West Virginia SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Acid deposition; Ca/Al molar ratio; Extractable acidity; Extractable bases; Soil acidification ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; LONG-TERM CHANGES; CALCIUM DEPLETION; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; TEMPERATE FORESTS; RED OAK; ALUMINUM; TREE; PENNSYLVANIA AB Declining forest health has been observed during the past several decades in several areas of the eastern USA, and some of this decline is attributed to acid deposition. Decreases in soil pH and increases in soil acidity are indicators of potential impacts on tree growth due to acid inputs and Al toxicity. The Cherry River watershed, which lies within the Monongahela National Forest in West Virginia, has some of the highest rates of acid deposition in Appalachia. East and West areas within the watershed, which showed differences in precipitation, stream chemistry, and vegetation composition, were compared to evaluate soil acidity conditions and to assess their degree of risk on tree growth. Thirty-one soil pits in the West area and 36 pits in the East area were dug and described, and soil samples from each horizon were analyzed for chemical parameters. In A horizons, East area soils averaged 3.7 pH with 9.4 cmol(c) kg (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) of acidity compared to pH 4.0 and 6.2 cmol(c) kg (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) of acidity in West area soils. Extractable cations (Ca, Mg, and Al) were significantly higher in the A, transition, and upper B horizons of East versus West soils. However, even with differences in cation concentrations, Ca/Al molar ratios were similar for East and West soils. For both sites using the Ca/Al ratio, a 50% risk of impaired tree growth was found for A horizons, while a 75% risk was found for deeper horizons. Low concentrations of base cations and high extractable Al in these soils translate into a high degree of risk for forest regeneration and tree growth after conventional tree harvesting. C1 [Skousen, J.; Sencindiver, J.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Farr, C.] US Forest Serv, Allegheny Natl Forest, Warren, PA 16365 USA. [Edwards, P.] US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Connolly, S.] US Forest Serv, Monongahela Natl Forest, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. RP Skousen, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jskousen@wvu.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Monongahela National Forest, Elkins, WV FX Contribution of the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Article #3018, and also supported by funds from the USDA Forest Service, Monongahela National Forest, Elkins, WV. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 158 IS 1-4 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0588-8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 518DJ UT WOS:000271670200029 PM 19015944 ER PT J AU Morrison, M Brown, TC AF Morrison, Mark Brown, Thomas C. TI Testing the Effectiveness of Certainty Scales, Cheap Talk, and Dissonance-Minimization in Reducing Hypothetical Bias in Contingent Valuation Studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Contingent valuation; Hypothetical bias; Cheap talk; Certainty scales; Dissonance ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; FIELD EXPERIMENT; CHOICE; MECHANISMS; UNCERTAINTY; QUESTIONS; RESPONSES; VALIDITY; PREFERENCES; RESPONDENTS AB Stated preference methods such as contingent valuation and choice modeling are subject to various biases that may lead to differences between actual and hypothetical willingness to pay. Cheap talk, follow-up certainty scales, and dissonance minimization are three techniques for reducing this hypothetical bias. Cheap talk and certainty scales have received considerable attention in the literature, but dissonance minimization has not previously been experimentally tested. Using a four-way split sample design involving over 600 subjects, results from an actual referendum on provision of a quasi-public good were compared with three similar but contingent referenda employing the three bias-reducing techniques. Hypothetical bias was again present. Certainty scales, when properly calibrated, and dissonance minimization were found to be most effective in reducing the bias. C1 [Morrison, Mark] Charles Sturt Univ, Inst Land Water & Soc, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia. [Brown, Thomas C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Morrison, M (reprint author), Charles Sturt Univ, Inst Land Water & Soc, Panorama Ave, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia. EM mmorrison@csu.edu.au NR 52 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 11 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 307 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s10640-009-9287-3 PG 20 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515CY UT WOS:000271445400001 ER PT J AU Lal, H Delgado, JA Gross, CM Hesketh, E McKinney, SP Cover, H Shaffer, M AF Lal, Harbans Delgado, Jorge A. Gross, Christoph M. Hesketh, Eric McKinney, Shaun P. Cover, Harris Shaffer, Marv TI Market-based approaches and tools for improving water and air quality SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Review DE Carbon sequestration equivalents; Global warming potential; Nitrous oxide; NLEAP; NTT; Nutrient trading; Nitrogen management; Water quality ID PRECISION CONSERVATION; NITROGEN LOSSES; ENVIRONMENT; CARBON AB Nitrogen (N) losses from agriculture are negatively impacting groundwater, air, and surface water quality. National, state, and local policies and procedures that can mitigate these problems are needed. Market-based approaches where waste treatment plants (point sources) can purchase nutrient credits from upstream agricultural operations (non-point sources) to meet their National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit requirements within the Clean Water Act are being explored. This paper reviews these market-based approaches for enhancing air and water quality at a lower cost than simple Command-and-control regulation, and describes new tools that are being developed, such as Nitrogen Trading Tool (NTT), that can be used to assess nitrogen losses to the environment under different management scenarios. The USDA-NRCS, EPA and several other state and local agencies are interested in these new tools. The NTT, though primarily designed for water quality markets, also estimates savings in nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions that can be traded in carbon markets. For example, an analysis using NTT shows that for 100 ha of crop land, a C sequestration equivalent of approximately 25-38 Mg C y(-1) for a farm in Ohio, and 13-21 Mg C y(-1) for a farm in Virginia could be achieved with better nitrogen management practices. These numbers across a watershed could be much larger with improved N and conservation management practices that contribute to better water quality and lower global wan-ning potential. There is a need to further develop, calibrate, and validate these tools to facilitate nitrogen and carbon trading future markets around the globe to increase environmental conservation across agro-ecosystems worldwide. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Delgado, Jorge A.] USDA ARS SPNR, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lal, Harbans; McKinney, Shaun P.] USDA NRCS, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Gross, Christoph M.] USDA NRCS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hesketh, Eric] USDA NRCS, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Cover, Harris] Vistronix Inc, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Shaffer, Marv] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS SPNR, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jorge.delgado@ars.usda.gov RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD NOV PY 2009 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1028 EP 1039 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2009.05.003 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526KQ UT WOS:000272287900025 ER PT J AU Karlen, DL Lal, R Follett, RF Kimble, JM Hatfield, JL Miranowski, JM Cambardella, CA Manale, A Anex, RP Rice, CW AF Karlen, Douglas L. Lal, Rattan Follett, Ronald F. Kimble, John M. Hatfield, Jerry L. Miranowski, John M. Cambardella, Cynthia A. Manale, Andrew Anex, Robert P. Rice, Charles W. TI Crop Residues: The Rest of the Story SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORN STOVER; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; CARBON DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL-EROSION; ETHANOL; SEQUESTRATION; CONSERVATION; FEEDSTOCKS C1 [Karlen, Douglas L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lal, Rattan] Ohio State Univ, Carbon Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Kimble, John M.] Innovat Soil Solut, Addison, NY USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.; Cambardella, Cynthia A.] USDA ARS, NSTL, Ames, IA USA. [Miranowski, John M.; Anex, Robert P.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Manale, Andrew] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Rice, Charles W.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Doug.Karlen@ars.usda.gov RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 21 BP 8011 EP 8015 DI 10.1021/es9011004 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 510QT UT WOS:000271106300009 PM 19924915 ER PT J AU Palmer, RG Perez, PT Ortiz-Perez, E Maalouf, F Suso, MJ AF Palmer, Reid G. Perez, Paola T. Ortiz-Perez, Evelyn Maalouf, Fouad Jose Suso, Maria TI The role of crop-pollinator relationships in breeding for pollinator-friendly legumes: from a breeding perspective SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th General Congress of the European-Association-for-Research-on Plant-Breeding CY SEP 09-12, 2008 CL Valencia, SPAIN DE Bee pollinator; Floral traits; Heterosis; Hybrid and population improvement; Soybean; Faba bean ID VICIA-FABA L; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-SOJA; SEED YIELD CHARACTERISTICS; ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEES; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; PETAL SHAPE VARIATION; PLANT MATING SYSTEMS; N INDEPENDENT LOCI; OUTCROSSING RATE; LYCOPERSICON-PIMPINELLIFOLIUM AB Breeders are encouraged to develop breeding approaches that strive to integrate food production into the healthy functioning of agro-ecosystems. In the case of legumes, this approach should preserve bee fauna by providing suitable floral resources within the crops themselves. In parallel, legume breeding for sustainable agriculture is linked to the development of environmental services. Foraging places and nesting sites for solitary and social bees are some of the ecological services provided for legumes. Crops with floral attractiveness and rewards for insects can be used to enhance pollinator conservation as well as crop yield and yield stability. We analyze how understanding crop-pollinator relationships (CPR) can contribute to the production of high-yielding and pollinator-friendly varieties by examining: (1) The status of knowledge on mating systems and floral traits; (2) The contribution of CPR understanding to plant breeding for both hybrid-seed production and open-pollinated population improvement. C1 [Palmer, Reid G.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Palmer, Reid G.; Perez, Paola T.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ortiz-Perez, Evelyn] Dairyland Seed Co Inc, Otterbein, IN 47970 USA. [Maalouf, Fouad] ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria. [Jose Suso, Maria] CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, Cordoba, Spain. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM reid.palmer@ars.usda.gov NR 163 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2009 VL 170 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-9953-0 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 504XK UT WOS:000270651200004 ER PT J AU Tuan, NT Nicklas, TA AF Tuan, N. T. Nicklas, T. A. TI Age, sex and ethnic differences in the prevalence of underweight and overweight, defined by using the CDC and IOTF cut points in Asian children SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Asian children; CDC growth charts; IOTF cut points; overweight; underweight ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SECULAR TRENDS; INTERNATIONAL SURVEY; STANDARD DEFINITION; OBESITY WORLDWIDE; HONG-KONG; ADOLESCENTS; DISEASE; PUBERTY; PREVENTION AB Background: No nationally representative data from middle-and low-income countries have been analyzed to compare the prevalence of underweight and overweight, defined by using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity TaskForce (IOTF) body mass index cut points. Objective: To examine the consistency in the prevalence of underweight and overweight, defined by using the CDC and IOTF cut points in Chinese, Indonesian and Vietnamese children. Methods: We used data from 1600 Chinese, 11 756 Indonesian and 53 826 Vietnamese children aged 2-18 years, who participated in three recent, representative surveys in China, Indonesia and Vietnam. A smaller difference between prevalence and a higher k-statistic indicated a higher consistency level. Results: The prevalence of underweight was higher with the IOTF than the CDC cut points; absolute differences in the Chinese, Indonesian and Vietnamese were 6, 10 and 13% (boys), and 10, 13 and 19% (girls), respectively. The prevalence of overweight was more consistent (absolute differences were <2%, except for the 2-5.9-year-old Chinese and Indonesian children (from 2 to <5%)). Values of k-statistic (from 0.55 to 0.88) varied by age, sex and ethnicity. The consistency was gradually improving from the Vietnamese to Indonesians and to Chinese boys and girls, from girls to boys, from the younger to older boys and from the older to younger girls. Conclusions: The age, sex and ethnic differences in the prevalence of underweight and overweight suggest a systematic evaluation of the cut points. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, 1305-1312; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.90; published online 19 August 2009 C1 [Tuan, N. T.; Nicklas, T. A.] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Tuan, NT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ttn1@bcm.edu FU Vietnam Educational Foundation (VEF); USDA ARS CRIS [6250-51000] FX The study was finally supported by the Vietnam Educational Foundation (VEF) and the USDA ARS CRIS 6250-51000. Kappa Statistic Kappa Statistic Kappa Statistic NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1305 EP 1312 DI 10.1038/ejcn.2009.90 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 514WO UT WOS:000271427000004 PM 19690574 ER PT J AU Dwarkanath, P Kurpad, AV Muthayya, S Thomas, T Mhaskar, A Mhaskar, R Thomas, A Vaz, M Jahoor, F AF Dwarkanath, P. Kurpad, A. V. Muthayya, S. Thomas, T. Mhaskar, A. Mhaskar, R. Thomas, A. Vaz, M. Jahoor, F. TI Glucose kinetics and pregnancy outcome in Indian women with low and normal body mass indices SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BMI; LBW; glucose kinetics; gluconeogenesis; glycogenolysis; pregnancy ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; METABOLISM; GLUCONEOGENESIS; PROTEIN; GLYCOGENOLYSIS; ANTHROPOMETRY; TURNOVER; MOTHERS; HUMANS AB Background/Objectives: Fetal energy demands are met from the oxidation of maternally supplied glucose and amino acids. During the fasted state, the glucose supply is thought to be met by gluconeogenesis. Underweight women with low body mass index (BMI) might be unable to adequately supply amino acids to satisfy the demands of gluconeogenesis. Subjects/Methods: Glucose kinetics were measured during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy in 10 low-BMI and 10 normal-BMI pregnant women at the 12th hour of an overnight fast using a primed 6 h U-(13)C glucose infusion and was correlated to maternal dietary and anthropometric variables and birth weight. Results: Low-BMI mothers consumed more energy, carbohydrates and protein, had faster glucose production (R(a)) and oxidation rates in the first trimester. In the same trimester, dietary energy and carbohydrate correlated with glucose production, glycogenolysis and glucose oxidation in all women. Both groups had similar rates of gluconeogenesis in the first and second trimesters. Glucose R(a) in the second trimester was weakly correlated with the birth weight (r=0.4, P=0.07). Conclusions: Maternal energy and carbohydrate intakes, not BMI, appear to influence glucose R(a) and oxidation in early and mid pregnancy. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, 1327-1334; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.33; published online 27 May 2009 C1 [Kurpad, A. V.] St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, Div Nutr, St Johns Res Inst, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. [Mhaskar, A.; Mhaskar, R.; Thomas, A.] St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. [Thomas, A.; Jahoor, F.] USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Kurpad, AV (reprint author), St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, Div Nutr, St Johns Res Inst, Sarjapur Rd, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. EM a.kurpad@iphcr.res.in FU US Department of Agriculture FX This research was supported with federal funds from the US Department of Agriculture. We thank St John's nursing and research staff, Margaret Frazer and Melanie Del Rosario for sample analysis; and Agneta Sunehag for MIDA analysis. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1327 EP 1334 DI 10.1038/ejcn.2009.33 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 514WO UT WOS:000271427000007 PM 19471289 ER PT J AU Peterson, GL AF Peterson, Gary L. TI Reaction of selected winter wheat cultivars from Europe and United States to Karnal bunt SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Disease incursion; Germplasm evaluation; Partial bunt ID TILLETIA-INDICA; DISEASE; FIELDS; TEXAS; RESISTANCE; PATHOGEN; THREAT AB A study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of popular United States (U.S.) and European winter wheat cultivars to the fungal pathogen Tilletia indica. Historically, the disease has been limited to autumn-sown spring-habit wheat areas and not associated with winter wheat. In 1997, Karnal bunt was observed on winter wheat in limited regions of Texas. This region marks the southern end of the contiguous U. S. central winter wheat belt, which extends north into Canada. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of disease resistance in winter wheat. Fifty U. S. and European winter wheat cultivars were tested using two different greenhouse inoculation procedures. For each cultivar, 12 spikes in boot were inoculated by boot-injection with a sporidial suspension (1.0 ml/ boot, 10,000 spores ml(-1)), and 12 other emerged spikes were spray-inoculated with the same concentration. The experiment was repeated for three seasons. Among cultivars, mean seed infection ranged from 2.1 to 87.2% and 0 to 15.6% for boot-injected and spray-inoculated treatments, respectively. Results showed that the majority of winter wheat cultivars tested were susceptible to Karnal bunt. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Peterson, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM gary.peterson@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 125 IS 3 BP 497 EP 507 DI 10.1007/s10658-009-9498-z PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 500EL UT WOS:000270281000013 ER PT J AU Peterson, GL Berner, DK AF Peterson, Gary L. Berner, Dana K. TI Effects of temperature and humidity on the survival of urediniospores of gladiolus rust (Uromyces transversalis) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Host-free; Rust eradication; Gladiolus AB Uromyces transversalis is an autoecious microcyclic rust mainly infecting Gladiolus spp. The pathogen is considered of plant quarantine importance in Europe and the USA. In 2006, the pathogen was found for the first time in the USA in several commercial nurseries in Florida and California. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) initiated an eradication programme that recommended the immediate removal and destruction of infected plants followed by a host-free period, use of a fungicide treatment schedule, and equipment decontamination. In support of this plan, a study was conducted to determine how long urediniospores of U. transversalis would continue to germinate at temperatures of 2.8, 15.0, 18.8 and 25.0 degrees C under controlled relative humidities (RH) of 11, 23, 43, 75, 93 and 100%. Choice of temperature and humidity parameters were mostly based on historical multi-year climate data from areas where the disease was detected in California and Florida. Analysis of variance ( ANOVA) indicated no significant effect of RH on urediniospore germination but a highly significant effect of temperature. No germinating urediniospores were detected after 79 days for any treatment, but the 15 degrees C treatment was more likely to be the result of germination independent of any low or high temperature-induced spore quiescence. Thus, lack of germination after 79 days was probably a good indicator of the lack of viable spores after this time for the 15 degrees C treatment. C1 [Peterson, Gary L.; Berner, Dana K.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Peterson, GL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM gary.peterson@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 125 IS 3 BP 509 EP 513 DI 10.1007/s10658-009-9492-5 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 500EL UT WOS:000270281000014 ER PT J AU Pan, H Shupe, TF Hse, CY AF Pan, Hui Shupe, Todd F. Hse, Chung-Yun TI Characterization of novolac type liquefied wood/phenol/formaldehyde (LWPF) resin SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID COCONDENSED RESIN; IR SPECTROSCOPY; PHENOLATED WOOD; LIQUEFACTION; HYDROTREATMENT; SOLVOLYSIS; FUEL AB Novolac type liquefied wood/phenol/formaldehyde (LWPF) resins were synthesized from liquefied wood and formaldehyde. The average molecular weight of the LWPF resin made from the liquefied wood reacted in an atmospheric three neck flask increased with increasing P/W ratio. However, it decreased with increasing phenol/wood ratio when using a sealed Parr reactor. On average, the LWPF resin made from the liquefied wood reacted in the Parr reactor had lower molecular weight than those from the atmospheric three neck flask. The infrared spectra of the LWPF resins were similar to that of the conventional novolac resin but showed a major difference at the 1800-1600 cm(-1) region. These results indicate that liquefied wood could partially substitute phenol in the novolac resin synthesis. The composites with the liquefied wood resin from the sealed Parr reactor yielded higher thickness swelling than those with the liquefied wood resin from the three neck flask likely due to the hydrophilic wood components incorporated in it and the lower cross-link density than the liquefied wood resin from the three neck flask during the resin cure process. C1 [Pan, Hui] Louisiana State Univ, Calhoun Res Stn, Ctr Agr, Calhoun, LA 71225 USA. [Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hse, Chung-Yun] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Pan, H (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Calhoun Res Stn, Ctr Agr, 321 Highway 80 E, Calhoun, LA 71225 USA. EM Hpan@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-3768 J9 EUR J WOOD WOOD PROD JI Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 67 IS 4 BP 427 EP 437 DI 10.1007/s00107-009-0337-x PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 514ML UT WOS:000271398800007 ER PT J AU Simone, M Evans, JD Spivak, M AF Simone, Michael Evans, Jay D. Spivak, Marla TI RESIN COLLECTION AND SOCIAL IMMUNITY IN HONEY BEES SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Antimicrobial peptides; Apis mellifera; ecological immunity; propolis ID APIS-MELLIFERA; WOOD ANTS; PAENIBACILLUS-LARVAE; AMERICAN FOULBROOD; BRAZILIAN PROPOLIS; INSECTS; DISEASE; NEST; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE AB Diverse animals have evolved an ability to collect antimicrobial compounds from the environment as a means of reducing infection risk. Honey bees battle an extensive assemblage of pathogens with both individual and "social" defenses. We determined if the collection of resins, complex plant secretions with diverse antimicrobial properties, acts as a colony-level immune defense by honey bees. Exposure to extracts from two sources of honey bee propolis (a mixture of resins and wax) led to a significantly lowered expression of two honey bee immune-related genes (hymenoptaecin and AmEater in Brazilian and Minnesota propolis, respectively) and to lowered bacterial loads in the Minnesota (MN) propolis treated colonies. Differences in immune expression were also found across age groups (third-instar larvae, 1-day-old and 7-day-old adults) irrespective of resin treatment. The finding that resins within the nest decrease investment in immune function of 7-day-old bees may have implications for colony health and productivity. This is the first direct evidence that the honey bee nest environment affects immune-gene expression. C1 [Simone, Michael] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Evans, Jay D.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Spivak, Marla] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Simone, M (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM simo0377@umn.edu RI Simone-Finstrom, Michael/D-3624-2012; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0717530] FX We would like to thank G. Reuter, and K. Bauer for assistance at the University of Minnesota and D. Lopez for assistance at the USDA, Beltsville, Maryland. Funding was provided by a grant from the National Science Foundation (IOS-0717530) to M. Spivak and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship awarded to M. Simone. NR 50 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD NOV PY 2009 VL 63 IS 11 BP 3016 EP 3022 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00772.x PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 509QA UT WOS:000271031900020 PM 19619221 ER PT J AU Tanumihardjo, SA Horvitz, MA Dosti, MP Simon, PW AF Tanumihardjo, Sherry A. Horvitz, Micah A. Dosti, Mandy Porter Simon, Philipp W. TI Serum alpha- and beta-Carotene Concentrations Qualitatively Respond to Sustained Carrot Feeding SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alpha-carotene; beta-carotene; bioavailability; carrots; serum retinol ID VITAMIN-A STATUS; GERBILS MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS; MONGOLIAN-GERBILS; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; DAUCUS-CAROTA; BIOAVAILABILITY; RETINOL; WOMEN; NUTRITION; PLASMA AB beta-Carotene is a predominant source of vitamin A in developing countries. Genetically selected "high carotene" carrots could have an impact on the vitamin A and antioxidant status of people if widely adopted. A 3 x 3 crossover study in humans (n = 10) evaluated the difference in uptake and clearance of alpha- and beta-carotene from carrots genetically selected and traditionally bred to have high, typical, or no carotene. Subjects were fed white (0 mg alpha- and beta-carotene/d), orange (1.8 mg alpha-carotene and 2.6 mg beta-carotene/d), or dark-orange (4 mg alpha-carotene and 7 mg beta-carotene/d) carrots in muffins for 11 d, with a 10-d washout phase between treatments. Serum carotenoid and retinol concentrations were measured by HPLC. C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of underlying inflammation or infection which may lower serum retinol, was measured at the beginning of each period. A significant treatment effect occurred for serum alpha- and beta-carotene concentrations (P < 0.001), and a trend towards a negative effect of subjects' BMI on concentrations (P = 0.08). A significant treatment by sequence interaction was observed (P = 0.038), which was attributable to a difference in serum alpha- and beta-carotene concentrations between carrot treatments in the first period. Serum retinol remained stable for the first 20 d of the intervention and then decreased (P = 0.02). CRP was not elevated in any subject. High carotene carrots provide more provitamin A carotenoids than the typical store-bought variety, without a change in flavor. The availability of high carotene carrots could readily increase consumption of beta-carotene and potentially impact the vitamin A status of those individuals who are deficient or at risk of depletion. Exp Biol Med 234:1280-1286, 2009 C1 [Tanumihardjo, Sherry A.; Horvitz, Micah A.; Dosti, Mandy Porter] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nutr Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Tanumihardjo, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Nutr Sci, 1415 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sherry@nutrisci.wisc.edu FU USDA-IFAFS [2000-4258]; American Cancer Society [IRG-580114402]; Hatch-Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station [WIS04533]; UW-Madison Graduate School; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative Slate Research. Education and Extension Service [2003-35200-05377] FX This research was supported by USDA-IFAFS grant number 2000-4258, American Cancer Society IRG-580114402, Hatch-Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station WIS04533, the UW-Madison Graduate School, and the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative Slate Research. Education and Extension Service, grant number 2003-35200-05377. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 234 IS 11 BP 1280 EP 1286 DI 10.3181/0903-RM-106 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 536BX UT WOS:000273018300005 PM 19657072 ER PT J AU Cao, LL Gong, PT Li, JH Zhang, XC Zou, XH Tuo, WB Liu, Q Wang, QY Zhang, GC Chen, LF Li, LD Su, LB AF Cao, Lili Gong, Pengtao Li, Jianhua Zhang, Xichen Zou, Xiaohuan Tuo, Wenbin Liu, Quan Wang, Qiuyue Zhang, Guocai Chen, Lifeng Li, Lingdan Su, Libo TI Giardia canis: Ultrastructural analysis of G. canis trophozoites transfected with full length G. canis virus cDNA transcripts SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Giardia canis; Transfection; Virus-free; RNA transcript; Ultrastructure ID STRANDED-RNA VIRUS; STABLE EXPRESSION; LAMBLIA; PROTEIN; CELL; INFECTION; CULTURE; INVITRO; BIOLOGY; GENOME AB Giardia canis virus (GCV) is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus of the family Totiviridae. In this study, the full length cDNA of the G. canis virus was constructed in pPoly2/sfinot vector and RNA was transcribed in vitro. Virus-free G. canis trophozoites were transfected with in vitro transcribed GCV RNA by electroporation. Transfected trophozoites were cultured for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, or 72 h post transfection for analysis. The ultrastructures of the transfected trophozoites were determined by transmission electron microscopy. The viral particles were detectable sporadically in the cytoplasm as early as 24 h post transfection, but became evident and wide-spread 36 h post transfection. The number of viral particles increased dramatically from 48 to 60 h. Viral particles were released into the culture medium starting at about 60 h and detectable in nuclei 72 h post transfection. Severe vacuolization was seen in transfected G. canis trophozoites as early as 36 h post transfection and persisted throughout the course of this study. The results of the present study indicate that in vitro transcribed GCV transcripts were capable of infecting Giardia trophozoites, apparently replicated and packaged into mature infectious viral particles which were released from the host. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cao, Lili; Gong, Pengtao; Li, Jianhua; Zhang, Xichen; Wang, Qiuyue; Zhang, Guocai; Li, Lingdan; Su, Libo] Jilin Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. [Zou, Xiaohuan; Liu, Quan] Acad Mil Med Sci, Inst Vet, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. [Cao, Lili; Tuo, Wenbin] ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chen, Lifeng] HeBei Normal Univ Sci & Technol, Qinhuangdao 066000, Peoples R China. RP Li, JH (reprint author), Jilin Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Vet Med, 5333 Xian Rd, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. EM jianhuali7207@163.com; zhangxic@public.cc.jl.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30300260] FX This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30300260). NR 29 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 EI 1090-2449 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 123 IS 3 BP 212 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.07.001 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 536BT UT WOS:000273017900002 PM 19619539 ER PT J AU Lau, AOT McElwain, TF Brayton, KA Knowles, DP Roalson, EH AF Lau, Audrey O. T. McElwain, Terry F. Brayton, Kelly A. Knowles, Donald P. Roalson, Eric H. TI Babesia bovis: A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of plastid-encoded genes supports green algal origin of apicoplasts SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apicoplasts; Apicomplexans; Bayesian inference; Euglenozoa; Red and green algae ID PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GENOME SEQUENCE; APICOMPLEXAN PARASITES; GREGARINA-NIPHANDRODES; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; EVOLUTIONARY ORIGIN; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; HELICOSPORIDIUM SP; EIMERIA-TENELLA; THEILERIA-PARVA AB Apicomplexan parasites commonly contain a unique, non-photosynthetic plastid-like organelle termed the apicoplast. Previous analyses of other plastid-containing organisms suggest that apicoplasts were derived from a red algal ancestor. In this report, we present an extensive phylogenetic study of apicoplast origins using multiple previously reported apicoplast sequences as well as several sequences recently reported. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences was used to determine the evolutionary origin of the organelle. A total of nine plastid genes from 37 species were incorporated in our study. The data strongly support a green algal origin for apicoplasts and Euglenozoan plastids. Further, the nearest green algae lineage to the Apicomplexans is the parasite Helicosporidium, suggesting that apicoplasts may have originated by lateral transfer from green algal parasite lineages. The results also substantiate earlier findings that plastids found in Heterokonts such as Odontella and Thalassiosira were derived from a separate secondary endosymbiotic event likely originating from a red algal lineage. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lau, Audrey O. T.; McElwain, Terry F.; Brayton, Kelly A.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Sch Global Anim Hlth,Program Genom, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Roalson, Eric H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Roalson, Eric H.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lau, AOT (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Sch Global Anim Hlth,Program Genom, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM laua@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS [SCA58-5348-2-683, SCA5348-32000-020-01S]; CRIS [5348-32000-020-00D]; Animal Health Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS SCA58-5348-2-683, SCA5348-32000-020-01S and CRIS project 5348-32000-020-00D, and the Animal Health Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University. NR 52 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 123 IS 3 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.07.007 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 536BT UT WOS:000273017900006 PM 19646439 ER PT J AU Lee, J Keller, KE Rennaker, C Martin, RR AF Lee, Jungmin Keller, Karen E. Rennaker, Christopher Martin, Robert R. TI Influence of grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV-2 and-3) on the fruit composition of Oregon Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir: Free amino acids, sugars, and organic acids SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; Pinot noir; Viruses; Grape quality; YAN; Biotic stress; Free amino acids; FAN ID ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION; NITROGEN STATUS; WINE YEASTS; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WASHINGTON; ROOTSTOCKS; INFECTION; AMMONIUM; KINETICS AB Individual free amino acids, yeast assimilable amino acid (YAN) content, ammonia, organic acids, and simple sugars of berries from vines infected with GLRaV-2 or -3 were compared with paired vines free of these viruses. Samples were taken from two commercial vineyards during two growing seasons (2005 and 2006), with three different rootstock/scion combinations. Vines infected with GLRaV-2 did not differ significantly from their healthy counterparts in individual free amino acids, ammonia, or YAN content. Vines infected with GLRaV-3 were significantly lower in valine and methionine from Vitis riparia rootstock/'Pinot noir' clone 114 (VY2a) samples, and lower in glutamic acid from self-rooted/'Pinot noir' clone Pommard (VY2b) samples, compared to samples from their healthy counterparts. Samples from VY2b (self-rooted/'Pinot noir' clone Pommard) infected vines had significantly lower levels of malic acid and total organic acids compared to samples from their healthy counterparts. There were no significant differences between healthy and infected vines from all three rootstock/scion pairs in ammonia or free amino acids in samples taken during the weeks before ripening and at commercial harvest. This is the first study to report the influence of GLRaV-2 and -3 on 'Pinot noir' berries nitrogen (N) compounds significant to fermentation. Individual free amino acids may be inferior to phenolic compounds as indicators of GLRaV infection status. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Jungmin; Rennaker, Christopher] Agr Res Serv, USDA, PWA, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Keller, Karen E.; Martin, Robert R.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, PWA, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, 29603 U,1 Ln, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jlee@uidaho.edu; karen.keller@ars.usda.gov; chris.rennaker@ars.usda.gov; bob.martin@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU USDA-ARS FX We thank Sam Kamo for technical assistance and the two vineyard managers for access to their vines. This work was funded by USDA-ARS. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 117 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.082 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 464AS UT WOS:000267477300016 ER PT J AU Yuk, HG Geveke, DJ Zhang, HQ Jin, TZ AF Yuk, Hyun-Gyun Geveke, David J. Zhang, Howard Q. Jin, Tony Z. TI Comparison of aluminum thermal-death-time disks with a pilot-scale pasteurizer on the thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli K12 in apple cider SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Thermal inactivation; E. coli; Apple cider; Thermal-death-time disk; Pasteurizer ID COLI O157-H7; SALMONELLA AB This study was conducted to compare thermal inactivation kinetics obtained using a pilot-scale pasteurizer and a bench-scale processing system. Pilot-scale pasteurizers are useful for product development, but comparisons on thermal inactivation kinetics with smaller scale systems are lacking, Using an Armfield pilot-scale pasteurizer and aluminum thermal-death-time (TDT) disks, the D-values and z-values of Escherichia coli K12 in apple cider were determined in the temperature range of 54-62 degrees C. Come-up times to 58 degrees C were also measured and were 35 and 61 s for the TDT disks and pasteurizer, respectively. The D-Values from the TDT disks were 9.66, 4.01, 1.44 and 0.44 min at temperatures of 54, 56, 58, and 60 degrees C, respectively. The D-values from the pasteurizer were 3.48, 1.22, 0.10 and 0.05 min at temperatures of 56, 58, 60, and 62 degrees C, respectively. The z-values from the TDT disks and the pasteurizer were 4.68 and 3.60 degrees C, respectively. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the D-values of the TDT disks and pasteurizer at 56 and 58 degrees C, while there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference in the D-value at 60 degrees C and in the z-value. This Study revealed that the thermal inactivation kinetics obtained using bench scale TDT disks and an Armfield pilot-scale pasteurizer under certain conditions are similar. However, based on ease of use and other factors, TDT disks are preferable for acquiring thermal inactivation kinetics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yuk, Hyun-Gyun; Geveke, David J.; Zhang, Howard Q.; Jin, Tony Z.] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM david.geveke@ars.usda.gov RI YUK, HYUN-GYUN/B-7714-2014; Diaz, Belen/B-8946-2012; OI YUK, HYUN-GYUN/0000-0001-9841-7899; Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1053 EP 1057 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.12.009 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 454IS UT WOS:000266676200016 ER PT J AU Rajkowski, KT Ashurst, K AF Rajkowski, Kathleen T. Ashurst, Kean TI Use of 1% Peroxyacetic Acid Sanitizer in an Air-Mixing Wash Basin to Remove Bacterial Pathogens from Seeds SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ALFALFA SPROUTS; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; KEEPING QUALITY; SALMONELLA; IRRADIATION; DISINFECTION; CHLORINE; HEAT AB To achieve the production of pathogen-free sprouts, there must be appropriate mixing of liquid sanitizer with the seeds to assure contact. Commercial treatments by irradiation or ozone gas of Salmonella spp. artificially inoculated seeds were compared, and these resulted in a 1 log reduction after all treatments. Use of peroxyacetic acid (1%) sanitizer on Salmonella spp. or Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated alfalfa seeds consistently resulted in a greater than 1 log reduction. In addition, during these studies debris was noted after the seeds were removed. Based on this observation, an air-mixing wash basin was developed for commercial use. Validation was done by commercial growers using 1% peroxyacetic acid sanitizer to wash seeds in the air-mixing basin, followed by sprouting the seeds. No positive or false-positive pathogen results were reported after the required testing of the sprout water (run-off during sprouting). Use of 1% peroxyacetic acid sanitizer in the air-mixing wash basin does provide the sprout grower an effective means of sanitizing sprout seeds. C1 [Rajkowski, Kathleen T.] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Ashurst, Kean] Caudill Seed Co Inc, Louisville, KY USA. RP Rajkowski, KT (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM kathleen.rajkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 6 IS 9 BP 1041 EP 1046 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0267 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 515DL UT WOS:000271446900001 PM 19630514 ER PT J AU Lanier, WA Leeper, MM Smith, KE Tillman, GE Holt, KG Gerner-Smidt, P AF Lanier, William A. Leeper, Molly M. Smith, Kirk E. Tillman, Glenn E. Holt, Kristin G. Gerner-Smidt, Peter TI Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Subtypes of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Isolated from Ground Beef and Humans, United States, 2001-2006 SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INSPECTION SERVICE; FOODNET SITES; RISK-FACTORS; DAIRY FARMS; INFECTION; CATTLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; MINNESOTA; OUTBREAKS AB Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis XbaI patterns of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) isolates (n = 156) found in ground beef sampled from U. S. processing plants and retail stores during 2001 to 2006 were summarized and compared with XbaI patterns from human STEC O157 isolates (n = 14,591) in the national PulseNet E. coli database. Four ground beef samples contained more than one pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtype of STEC O157. Of the 117 unique patterns found in ground beef, 100 (85%) appeared only once, and 17 (15%) were found in more than one isolate. The six patterns that appeared most frequently in human isolates were also found among the eight most common ground beef patterns. The yearly proportion of human isolates with the two most common patterns changed inversely, such that these patterns traded dominance over the study period. Human isolates with patterns that were first detected in both ground beef and humans contemporaneously were clustered in a 6-month window around the time of the respective ground beef sample. Of the 156 ground beef isolates, 82 (53%) were indistinguishable from at least one human isolate in this 6-month window. The yearly proportions of human STEC O157 isolates that were indistinguishable from ground beef isolates decreased significantly from 2002 to 2003 (12.3-0.8%), and then increased significantly from 2003 to 2006 (overall 0.8-12.6%). This increase in the numbers of human isolates that matched a ground beef isolate occurred during a period of relatively consistent rates of ground beef contamination with STEC O157. Pattern similarity of STEC O157 isolates derived from ground beef and clinical cases may serve as a good predictor of human incidence trends. C1 [Holt, Kristin G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lanier, William A.] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Field Operat, USDA, Canby, OR USA. [Lanier, William A.] Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Rockville, MD USA. [Leeper, Molly M.; Gerner-Smidt, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smith, Kirk E.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, St Paul, MN USA. [Tillman, Glenn E.] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Holt, KG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G24, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kristin.holt@fsis.usda.gov FU FSIS Headquarters FX The authors wish to thank the CDC PulseNet database administration team for their help with data collection. We are thankful to Sean Altekruse, Bonnie Buntain, Barbara Masters, and David Goldman at FSIS Headquarters for their support during study development. We express appreciation to Frederick Angulo at the CDC for his research guidance. We are grateful to William Cray, Neelam Narang, Priscilla Levine, Joseph Hill, and the rest of the staff at the FSIS Office of Public Health Science for their help in data confirmation and collection, and final review. The authors also thank David Determan of the Minnesota Department of Health for technical support. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 6 IS 9 BP 1075 EP 1082 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0269 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 515DL UT WOS:000271446900005 PM 19630512 ER PT J AU Langum, CE Yadama, V Lowell, EC AF Langum, Christopher E. Yadama, Vikram Lowell, Eini C. TI Physical and Mechanical Properties of Young-Growth Douglas-Fir and Western Hemlock from Western Washington SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MATURE WOOD; MICROFIBRIL ANGLE; JUVENILE; TREES; DENSITY; LUMBER; PINE; STIFFNESS; STRENGTH; QUALITY AB Diversity in land management objectives has led to changes in the character of raw material available to the forest products industries in the US Pacific Northwest. Increasing numbers of logs from small-diameter trees, both plantation grown and those from suppressed or young stands, now constitute a large proportion of logs coming into the mill yard. Wood coming from plantations or young stands has different properties than wood coming from older, suppressed stands. This research examined wood properties of small-diameter plantation-grown Douglas-fir and western hemlock with the goal of a better understanding of utilization of small-diameter, fast-grown trees for use in manufacturing engineered wood composites. Twelve trees of each species were harvested and three bolts cut from each tree. Each bolt provided samples for X-ray densitometry profiles, compression, and tension parallel to grain and flexure tests. Both species were found to have a very high proportion of juvenile wood. Most wood properties decreased with increasing vertical position and increased with increasing distance from pith for both species. Increased competition for wood fiber, which accounts for as much as 25 to 35 percent of total wood composite (such as particleboard, medium-density fiberboard and oriented strand board) manufacturing costs, necessitates an understanding of raw material properties and their variations. This knowledge could assist in optimizing the manufacturing process and maximizing efficiency of wood raw material use, thus increasing profits. C1 [Langum, Christopher E.; Yadama, Vikram] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lowell, Eini C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Langum, CE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM clangum@hotmail.com; vyadama@wsu.edu; elowell@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 59 IS 11-12 BP 37 EP 47 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 606KN UT WOS:000278424000006 ER PT J AU Buehlmann, U Kline, DE Wiedenbeck, JK AF Buehlmann, Urs Kline, D. Earl Wiedenbeck, Janice K. TI A Regression-Based Method for Estimating Rip-First Rough-Mill Lumber Yield SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CUTTING-BILL REQUIREMENTS; CHARACTER-MARKED FURNITURE; INCREASE; RIP AB Estimating yield from lumber cut-up in rip-first rough mills for material management and job costing purposes is uncertain unless simulation models are used. To augment the toolbox for industry practitioners, a novel yield estimation model was derived using linear least squares techniques and data derived from an orthogonal, 2(20-11) fractional factorial design of resolution V. The model estimated 450 of 512 cutting bills tested within 1 percent absolute yield. However, cutting bills that do not adhere to the model's framework suffer a larger estimation error. The least squares estimation model thus is a helpful tool in ranking cutting bills that adhere to the model's framework for their expected yield levels and facilitates the selection of part sizes to be included in cutting bills. Further research is needed to make the model useful for a wider range of cutting bills. C1 [Buehlmann, Urs; Kline, D. Earl] Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wiedenbeck, Janice K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Buehlmann, U (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM buehlmann@gmail.com; kline@vt.edu; jwiedenbeck@fs.fed.us FU National Research Initiative; USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station FX The authors thank Ed Thomas, USDA Forest Service, for his assistance. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This research was supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program and the USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 59 IS 11-12 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 606KN UT WOS:000278424000007 ER PT J AU Luppold, WG Bumgardner, MS AF Luppold, William G. Bumgardner, Matthew S. TI The Wood Household Furniture and Kitchen Cabinet Industries: A Contrast in Fortune SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In 1977, the value of wood household furniture shipments from domestic manufacturers exceeded kitchen cabinet shipments by 170 percent; conversely, in 2006, shipments of cabinets exceeded shipments of furniture by 78 percent. The most apparent reason for the decrease in domestic furniture shipments is the increase in furniture imports, whereas cabinet demand has increased because of the popularity of larger kitchens and the robust housing market prior to 2006. However, there also are less apparent factors. A large portion of domestically produced wood furniture is sold to consumers from retail stores whose buyers ordered product at semiannual furniture markets. Meanwhile, a growing volume of cabinets are designed and ordered by consumers at home improvement centers. Furniture manufacturers carry large volumes of finished products in inventory, while cabinet manufacturers carry low inventories. Furniture has become a quasi commodity that is priced within narrow ranges depending on quality, whereas sale methods for semicustom and custom cabinets allow consumers to order the species, finishes, and features they want. The price competitiveness of the furniture industry has allowed imports to become the major source of product. The need to price furniture at levels competitive with imports has also resulted in a greater use of composite materials versus lumber and dimension stock. By contrast, kitchen cabinet manufacturers are using greater volumes of lumber and dimension. While these factors have resulted in a contrast in fortune for the wood household furniture and cabinet industries in the United States, possible opportunities exist for the reemergence of parts of the domestic furniture industry. C1 [Luppold, William G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV USA. [Bumgardner, Matthew S.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH USA. RP Luppold, WG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Princeton, WV USA. EM wluppold@fs.fed.us; mbumgardner@fs.fed.us NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 59 IS 11-12 BP 93 EP 99 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 606KN UT WOS:000278424000013 ER PT J AU Anderson, N Germain, R AF Anderson, Nate Germain, Rene TI Land Cover, Land Use, and Mill Characteristics as Predictors of Wood Procurement Range SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NONINDUSTRIAL PRIVATE FORESTLAND; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SUSTAINED YIELD MANAGEMENT; NORTHERN NEW-ENGLAND; NEW-YORK; URBANIZATIONS IMPACT; MARKETS; GROWTH; PRICES; TRENDS AB Urbanization of forestland has the potential to reduce the timberland base indefinitely. Wood-using industry located in areas with declining timberlands may be forced to expand the range of procurement operations to meet production requirements. This article examines 11 different land use and land cover variables as predictors of woodshed area for sawmills in the northeastern United States. Based on woodshed maps provided by 175 sawmills in seven states, geospatial analysis and multiple regression are used to test the hypothesis that mills in areas with higher proportions of nontimber land have larger woodsheds. Results indicate that mill characteristics, not landscape variables, are the strongest predictors of woodshed area. Although some cover types, including farmland and open water, are associated with larger woodsheds, none of the measures of urbanization used in this study are significant predictors of woodshed area. If urbanization is leading to a reduced flow of sawlogs, the explanation for the lack of observed effects of urban cover on woodshed area may be tied to the flow of sawlogs from terminal harvests, prior relocation of sawmills out of urbanizing areas, or the implementation of alternative procurement and production strategies that help sawmills remain competitive as local wood supplies tighten. C1 [Anderson, Nate] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Anderson, Nate] USDA FS Rocky Mt Res Sta, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Germain, Rene] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Forest & Nat Resources Management, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Anderson, N (reprint author), Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM nmanderson@fs.fed.us; rhgermai@esf.edu NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 59 IS 11-12 BP 100 EP 107 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 606KN UT WOS:000278424000014 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Hodgson, GR AF Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. Hodgson, Garth R. TI Stream amphibians as metrics of critical biological thresholds in the Pacific Northwest, USA: a response to Kroll et al. SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biometrics; lotic amphibians; stream health ID HEADWATER STREAMS; FINE SEDIMENT; CALIFORNIA; CONSERVATION; RIPARIAN; HABITAT; FORESTS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; GROWTH AB Kroll, Hayes & MacCracken (in press) Concerns regarding the use of amphibians as metrics of critical biological thresholds: a comment on Welsh and Hodgson 2008. Freshwater Biology, criticised our paper [Welsh & Hodgson (2008) Amphibians as metrics of critical biological thresholds in forested headwater streams of the Pacific Northwest. Freshwater Biology, 53, 1470-1488] proposing the use of headwater stream amphibians as metrics of stream status in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). They argued that our analysis of previously published data reflected circular reasoning because we reached the same conclusions as the earlier studies. In fact, we conducted a meta-analysis to address new questions about the optimum values and thresholds (based on animal densities) for abiotic stream attributes that were found to be important to these amphibians in earlier studies. This is analogous to determining blood pressure thresholds or fat-to-weight ratios that facilitate predicting human health based on meta-analyses of earlier data from studies that found significant correlations between these variables and relative health. Kroll et al. argued that we should not make inference to environmental conditions across the PNW from data collected in California. We collected data from northern California and southern Oregon, the southern extent of the PNW. We made inference to the Klamath-Siskiyou and North Coast bioregions, and argued that available research on these headwater species indicates that our results have the potential to be applied throughout the PNW with minimal regional adjustments. Kroll et al. contended that we need reproductive success, survival estimates and density estimates, corrected for detection probabilities, to establish relationships between animal density and stream attributes. Reproductive success and survival estimates are important for demographic modelling and life tables, but they are not necessary to demonstrate meaningful relationships with abiotic conditions. Both corrected occupancy estimates and individual detection probabilities are unnecessary, and take multiple sampling efforts per site, or onerous mark release and re-capture studies, respectively, to determine accurately. Kroll et al. questioned the use of stream amphibians as a surrogate for measuring physical parameters, such as water temperature, claiming that measuring the physical parameters directly is more efficient. Here they misinterpreted the main point of our paper: stream organisms are integrators of what happens in a catchment, and carefully selected species can serve as surrogates for the biotic community and the relative condition of the network environment. Kroll et al. claimed that we demonstrated weak inferences regarding ecosystem processes. We argue that by relating densities of stream amphibians with changes along abiotic environmental gradients that are commonly affected by anthropogenic activities, we are establishing biological links to gradients that represent important ecosystem processes and identifying biometrics that can be used to quantify the status (health) of these gradients. C1 [Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.; Hodgson, Garth R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Expt Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Expt Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 54 IS 11 BP 2374 EP 2382 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02273.x PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 504JY UT WOS:000270613600016 ER PT J AU Ross, MS O'Brien, JJ Ford, RG Zhang, KQ Morkill, A AF Ross, Michael S. O'Brien, Joseph J. Ford, R. Glenn Zhang, Keqi Morkill, Anne TI Disturbance and the rising tide: the challenge of biodiversity management on low-island ecosystems SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; FLORIDA-KEYS; PINE FORESTS; HURRICANE HUGO; SOUTH-CAROLINA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FUTURE; USA; DYNAMICS; REEFS AB Sea-level rise presents an imminent threat to freshwater-dependent ecosystems on small oceanic islands, which often harbor rare and endemic taxa. Conservation of these assemblages is complicated by feedbacks between sea level and recurring pulse disturbances (eg hurricanes, fire). Once sea level reaches a critical level, the transition from a landscape characterized by mesophytic upland forests and freshwater wetlands to one dominated by mangroves can occur suddenly, following a single storm-surge event. We document such a trajectory, unfolding today in the Florida Keys. With sea level projected to rise substantially during the next century, ex-situ actions may be needed to conserve individual species of special concern. However, within existing public conservation units, managers have a responsibility to conserve extant biodiversity. We propose a strategy that combines the identification and intensive management of the most defensible core sites within a broader reserve system, in which refugia for biota facing local extirpation may be sought. C1 [Ross, Michael S.] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Ross, Michael S.; Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [O'Brien, Joseph J.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Ford, R. Glenn] RG Ford Consulting, Portland, OR USA. [Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Int Hurricane Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Morkill, Anne] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Key Deer Natl Wildlife Refuge, Big Pine Key, FL USA. RP Ross, MS (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM rossm@fiu.edu FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science; SERC [391] FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research) through the Coastal Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research at Tulane University. The analysis built on data collected with support from the Joint Fire Science Program. We also acknowledge The Nature Conservancy, Florida Keys Office, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Key Deer National Wildlife Refuge, for funding and logistical support. T Heinze, D Heinze, D Ogurcak, J Sah, S Stoffella, M Kline, J Espinar, E Hanan, and P Ruiz were instrumental in data collection or document preparation. This is SERC Contribution Number 391. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 7 IS 9 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1890/070221 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516RB UT WOS:000271559000015 ER PT J AU Pauchard, A Kueffer, C Dietz, H Daehler, CC Alexander, J Edwards, PJ Arevalo, JR Cavieres, LA Guisan, A Haider, S Jakobs, G McDougall, K Millar, CI Naylor, BJ Parks, CG Rew, LJ Seipel, T AF Pauchard, Anibal Kueffer, Christoph Dietz, Hansjoerg Daehler, Curtis C. Alexander, Jake Edwards, Peter J. Ramon Arevalo, Jose Cavieres, Lohengrin A. Guisan, Antoine Haider, Sylvia Jakobs, Gabi McDougall, Keith Millar, Constance I. Naylor, Bridgett J. Parks, Catherine G. Rew, Lisa J. Seipel, Tim TI Ain't no mountain high enough: plant invasions reaching new elevations SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID NONNATIVE TARAXACUM-OFFICINALE; SPECIES RICHNESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CENTRAL CHILE; ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; ALPINE VEGETATION; EXOTIC PLANTS; INDIAN-OCEAN; HIGH-ANDES AB Most studies of invasive species have been in highly modified, lowland environments, with comparatively little attention directed to less disturbed, high-elevation environments. However, increasing evidence indicates that plant invasions do occur in these environments, which often have high conservation value and provide important ecosystem services. Over a thousand non-native species have become established in natural areas at high elevations worldwide, and although many of these are not invasive, some may pose a considerable threat to native mountain ecosystems. Here, we discuss four main drivers that shape plant invasions into high-elevation habitats: (1) the (pre-)adaptation of non-native species to abiotic conditions, (2) natural and anthropogenic disturbances, (3) biotic resistance of the established communities, and (4) propagule pressure. We propose a comprehensive research agenda for tackling the problem of plant invasions into mountain ecosystems, including documentation of mountain invasion patterns at multiple scales, experimental studies, and an assessment of the impacts of non-native species in these systems. The threat posed to high-elevation biodiversity by invasive plant species is likely to increase because of globalization and climate change. However, the higher mountains harbor ecosystems where invasion by non-native species has scarcely begun, and where science and management have the opportunity to respond in time. C1 [Pauchard, Anibal; Cavieres, Lohengrin A.] Univ Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile. [Kueffer, Christoph; Daehler, Curtis C.; Jakobs, Gabi] Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dietz, Hansjoerg; Alexander, Jake; Edwards, Peter J.] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Ramon Arevalo, Jose] Univ La Laguna, Dept Ecol, Fac Biol, Tenerife, Spain. [Guisan, Antoine] Univ Lausanne, Fac Biol & Med, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Haider, Sylvia] Tech Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [McDougall, Keith] Dept Environm & Climate Change, Queanbeyan, NSW, Australia. [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA USA. [Naylor, Bridgett J.; Parks, Catherine G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, La Grande, OR USA. [Rew, Lisa J.; Seipel, Tim] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resource & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Pauchard, Anibal; Cavieres, Lohengrin A.] Inst Ecol & Biodivers, Santiago, Chile. RP Pauchard, A (reprint author), Univ Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile. EM pauchard@udec.cl RI Cavieres, Lohengrin/A-9542-2010; Kueffer, Christoph/H-6091-2013; arevalo, Jose Ramon/C-6611-2014; Guisan, Antoine/A-1057-2011; Haider, Sylvia/M-2990-2014; Pauchard, Anibal/B-5034-2008 OI Alexander, Jake/0000-0003-2226-7913; Cavieres, Lohengrin/0000-0001-9122-3020; Kueffer, Christoph/0000-0001-6701-0703; arevalo, Jose Ramon/0000-0003-2152-5212; Guisan, Antoine/0000-0002-3998-4815; Pauchard, Anibal/0000-0003-1284-3163 FU Swiss SNF-NCCR; "Consejeria de Educacion, Cultura y Deportes, Gobiemo de Canarias" [PI042004/096]; USDA CSREES [2006-35320-17360]; CCES [0-21214-07]; Universitat Bayern eV; Swiss Academy of Sciences; Ruebel Foundation FX AP and LAC were supported by ICM 05-002, Conicyt-Chile PFB-23, and Fondecyt 1070488. AG benefited from support provided by the Swiss SNF-NCCR "Plant Survival". JRA was funded by "Consejeria de Educacion, Cultura y Deportes, Gobiemo de Canarias" through the project PI042004/096. CK was funded by USDA CSREES grant # 2006-35320-17360 to CCD. JA was funded by CCES through the "BioChange" project (0-21214-07). SH was funded by a graduate scholarship from Universitat Bayern eV. The Mountain Invasion Research Network received funding from the Swiss Academy of Sciences and the Ruebel Foundation. Thanks to R Mack and P Bocaz for editing. NR 63 TC 123 Z9 132 U1 16 U2 116 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 7 IS 9 BP 479 EP 486 DI 10.1890/080072 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516RB UT WOS:000271559000016 ER PT J AU Boateng, AA Mullen, CA Goldberg, NM Hicks, KB McMahan, CM Whalen, MC Cornish, K AF Boateng, Akwasi A. Mullen, Charles A. Goldberg, Neil M. Hicks, Kevin B. McMahan, Colleen M. Whalen, Maureen C. Cornish, Katrina TI Energy-dense liquid fuel intermediates by pyrolysis of guayule (Parthenium argentatum) shrub and bagasse SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Pyrolysis; Bio-oil; Guayule; Biofuels and bioenergy ID BED FAST PYROLYSIS; BIO-OIL; FIREPLACE LOGS; SWITCHGRASS; CONVERSION; CATALYSTS; ALFALFA; BIOMASS; METALS; CARBON AB Guayule is a perennial shrub grown in the southwestern United States that is used to produce high quality, natural rubber latex. However, only about 10% of the plant material is used for latex production; the remaining biomass, called bagasse, can be used for renewable fuel production. Fast pyrolysis of guayule, both whole shrub and bagasse was performed. From both feedstocks a very viscous, high energy content (similar to 30 MJ/kg) pyrolysis liquid (bio-oil) was produced in yields averaging over 60% without any catalyst. The properties and compositions of the bio-oils were found to be similar in the two feedstocks. Co-products, charcoal (20-30 wt%) and non-condensable gas (5-15%), were also dense and had a high energy content. Of the two feedstocks, the whole shrub yielded higher quantities of charcoal that also had a higher energy content than the charcoal produced from bagasse. As a result, the energy recovery, estimated as the percentage of the energy products, to energy input into the reactor was lower (60%) for guayule bagasse than for the whole shrub (73%). This notwithstanding, the bagasse is a more attractive feedstock for thermochemical conversion, not only because it is a residue from a primary process (latex extraction) that is on-site, but also because it has a high energy content. Moreover, it produces high quality pyrolysis products. Co-production of latex rubber from the whole shrub and renewable fuels from the residual bagasse by pyrolysis should improve the already positive economics of the guayule latex rubber industry. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Boateng, Akwasi A.; Mullen, Charles A.; Goldberg, Neil M.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [McMahan, Colleen M.; Whalen, Maureen C.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Cornish, Katrina] Yulex Corp, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD NOV PY 2009 VL 88 IS 11 BP 2207 EP 2215 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.05.023 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 482US UT WOS:000268914900020 ER PT J AU Wei, B Cai, T Zhang, RZ Li, AL Huo, NX Li, S Gu, YQ Vogel, J Jia, JZ Qi, YJ Mao, L AF Wei, Bo Cai, Tao Zhang, Rongzhi Li, Aili Huo, Naxin Li, Shan Gu, Yong Q. Vogel, John Jia, Jizeng Qi, Yijun Mao, Long TI Novel microRNAs uncovered by deep sequencing of small RNA transcriptomes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Brachypodium; Wheat; Small RNA; MicroRNA; SiRNA ID DIRECTED DNA METHYLATION; PLANT MICRORNAS; ARABIDOPSIS; RICE; BIOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; PATHWAYS; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; ANNOTATION AB The small RNA transcriptomes of bread wheat and its emerging model Brachypodium distachyon were obtained by using deep sequencing technology. Small RNA compositions were analyzed in these two species. In addition to 70 conserved microRNAs (miRNAs) from 25 families, 23 novel wheat miRNAs were identified. For Brachypodium, 12 putative miRNAs were predicted from a limited number of expressed sequence tags, of which one was a potential novel miRNA. Also, 94 conserved miRNAs from 28 families were identified in this species. Expression validation was performed for several novel wheat miRNAs. RNA ligase-mediated 5' rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends experiments demonstrated their capability to cleave predicted target genes including three disease-resistant gene analogs. Differential expression of miRNAs was observed between Brachypodium vegetative and reproductive tissues, suggesting their different roles at the two growth stages. Our work significantly increases the novel miRNA numbers in wheat and provides the first set of small RNAs in B. distachyon. C1 [Wei, Bo; Zhang, Rongzhi; Li, Aili; Jia, Jizeng; Mao, Long] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wei, Bo; Zhang, Rongzhi; Li, Aili; Jia, Jizeng; Mao, Long] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Cai, Tao; Li, Shan; Qi, Yijun] Natl Inst Biol Sci, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. [Huo, Naxin; Gu, Yong Q.; Vogel, John] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Mao, L (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, 12 Zhongguancun S St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM qiyijun@nibs.ac.cn; maolong@caas.net.cn RI Vogel, John/B-3176-2009; OI Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU National HITECH Research and Development Program of China [2006AA10A104]; Special Research Grant for Central Governmental Nonprofit Research Institutes; National Basic Research Program of China [2004CB117200] FX We thank Dr. Charles Leseberg for critical reading of this manuscript. We are grateful to Professor Rudi Appels and Dr. Wujun Ma who provided constructive suggestions during the revision of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the National HITECH Research and Development Program of China ("863" program, # 2006AA10A104), Special Research Grant for Central Governmental Nonprofit Research Institutes (Yuan-SuoZhang- Ji-Jin), and National Basic Research Program ("973" program, # 2004CB117200) of China. NR 49 TC 73 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 37 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 499 EP 511 DI 10.1007/s10142-009-0128-9 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 504RB UT WOS:000270633700007 PM 19499258 ER PT J AU Skinner, DZ AF Skinner, Daniel Z. TI Post-acclimation transcriptome adjustment is a major factor in freezing tolerance of winter wheat SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cold acclimation; DNA array; Freezing tolerance; Hardiness; Transcriptome ID ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; COLD-ACCLIMATION; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CBF; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS; PROFILES; CELLS AB Cold-acclimated winter wheat plants were slowly frozen to -10A degrees C, and then the temperature was either maintained at -10A degrees C or was lowered further to -12A degrees C. Expression levels of a total of 423 genes were significantly altered in these treatments; genes upregulated outnumbered those downregulated by about a 9:1 ratio. Sixty-eight genes were upregulated at least fivefold in all freezing treatments; 17 of these 68 encoded transcription factors including C-repeat binding factor (Cbf), WRKY, or other Zn-finger proteins, indicating strong upregulation of genes involved in transcription regulation. Sixteen of the 68 highly upregulated genes encoded kinases, phosphatases, calcium trafficking-related proteins, or glycosyltransferases, indicating upregulation of genes involved in signal transduction. Six genes encoding chlorophyll a/b binding-like proteins were upregulated uniquely in response to the -12A degrees C treatment, suggesting a protective role of pigment-binding proteins in freezing stress response. Most genes responded similarly in the very freezing tolerant cultivar Norstar and in the moderately freezing tolerant Tiber, but some genes responded in opposite fashion in the two cultivars. These results showed that wheat crowns actively adapt as the temperature declines to potentially damaging levels, and genetic variation for this ability exists among cultivars. C1 [Skinner, Daniel Z.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Skinner, Daniel Z.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dan.skinner@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5348-21430-003-00D] FX The author thanks Brian Bellinger for technical assistance and Derek Pouchnik of the Washington State University Biotechnology Core Facility for conducting the microarray hybridizations and scans. This project was supported by USDA-ARS project 5348-21430-003-00D. Mention of product names does not represent an endorsement of any product or company but is given only to clarify the methodology; other products may be equally effective. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X EI 1438-7948 J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 513 EP 523 DI 10.1007/s10142-009-0126-y PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 504RB UT WOS:000270633700008 PM 19488798 ER PT J AU Vega, FE Goettel, MS Blackwell, M Chandler, D Jackson, MA Keller, S Koike, M Maniania, NK Monzon, A Ownley, BH Pell, JK Rangel, DEN Roy, HE AF Vega, Fernando E. Goettel, Mark S. Blackwell, Meredith Chandler, David Jackson, Mark A. Keller, Siegfried Koike, Masanori Maniania, Nguya K. Monzon, Arnulfo Ownley, Bonnie H. Pell, Judith K. Rangel, Drauzio E. N. Roy, Helen E. TI Fungal entomopathogens: new insights on their ecology SO FUNGAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Beauveria; Biological control; Ecology; Endophytes; Lecanicillium; Metarhizium ID CUCUMBER POWDERY MILDEW; HOST-DEFENSE REACTIONS; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; VERTICILLIUM-LECANII; ENDOPHYTIC COLONIZATION; SPHAEROTHECA-FULIGINEA; MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PEST-MANAGEMENT AB An important mechanism for insect pest control should be the use of fungal entomopathogens. Even though these organisms have been studied for more than 100 y, their effective use in the field remains elusive. Recently, however, it has been discovered that many of these entomopathogenic fungi play additional roles in nature. They are endophytes, antagonists of plant pathogens, associates with the rhizosphere, and possibly even plant growth promoting agents. These findings indicate that the ecological role of these fungi in the environment is not fully understood and limits our ability to employ them successfully for pest management. In this paper, we review the recently discovered roles played by many entomopathogenic fungi and propose new research strategies focused on alternate uses for these fungi. It seems likely that these agents can be used in multiple roles in protecting plants from pests and diseases and at the same time promoting plant growth. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Vega, Fernando E.] Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Goettel, Mark S.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Blackwell, Meredith] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Chandler, David] Univ Warwick, Warwick HRI, Warwick CV35 9EF, England. [Jackson, Mark A.] Agr Res Serv, Bioact Agents Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Koike, Masanori] Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Dept Agroenvironm Sci, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. [Maniania, Nguya K.] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Monzon, Arnulfo] Univ Nacl Agr, Dept Protecc Agr & Forestal, Managua, Nicaragua. [Ownley, Bonnie H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pell, Judith K.] Rothamsted Res, Plant & Invertebrate Ecol Dept, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Rangel, Drauzio E. N.] Univ Vale Paraiba, Inst Pesquisa & Desenvolvimiento, BR-12244000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Roy, Helen E.] NERC Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Wallingford, Biol Records Ctr, Crowmarsh Gifford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Bldg 001,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM fernando.vega@ars.usda.gov RI Roy, Helen/A-1488-2010; Rangel, Drauzio/C-2711-2012; OI Rangel, Drauzio/0000-0001-7188-100X; Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 FU Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) of the United Kingdom; [NSF-0732671] FX We wish to express our deepest appreciation to the staff of The Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Study and Conference Center in Italy for hosting the Jun. 2008 meeting Entomopathogenic fungi in sustainable agriculture: use against insects and beyond, organized by F.E. Vega and M.S. Goettel. It is fitting that the meeting took place in Lombardy, a region of the Italian silk industry and the home of Agostino Bassi, who discovered that the muscardine disease of silkworms was caused by a fungus that came to be named B. bassiana in his honor. Special thanks to Linda Marston-Reid, Pilar Palacia, and Laura Podio at The Rockefeller Foundation, and Susan Wilzer at the National Agricultural Library (USDA, ARS). We are grateful to M. Catherine Aime (Louisiana State University), L. Lacey (USDA, ARS), L. Boddy (Cardiff University), and two anonymous reviewers for comments on a previous version of this manuscript. M. Blackwell acknowledges support from NSF-0732671. JX Pell is funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) of the United Kingdom. Rothamsted Research is an institute of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) of the United Kingdom. NR 96 TC 125 Z9 134 U1 14 U2 149 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1754-5048 EI 1878-0083 J9 FUNGAL ECOL JI Fungal Ecol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.funeco.2009.05.001 PN 4 PG 11 WC Ecology; Mycology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mycology GA 501AR UT WOS:000270349700001 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, Forrest H. TI Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition: Boron, Silicon, and Fluoride SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENT CONTAMINATION; DIETARY BORON; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; ULTRATRACE ELEMENTS; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; WOMEN; MAGNESIUM; RELEASE; CANCER; BONE AB Boron may be beneficial for bone growth and maintenance, central nervous system function, and the inflammatory response, and silicon may be beneficial for bone maintenance and wound healing. Fluoride is not an essential element but amounts provided by contamination may be beneficial for bone strength. Fluoride toxicity may be a concern in parenteral nutrition. Further studies are warranted to determine whether there are optimal amounts of boron and silicon that should be delivered to typical and special population patients receiving parenteral. nutrition. In addition, further studies are needed to determine whether providing the dietary guideline of adequate intake amounts of fluoride parenterally would prevent or treat parenteral nutrition osteopenia. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N,Stop 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM forrest.nielsen@ars.usda.gov FU Nutrition 21, Inc, Purchase, NY FX The author received a grant for silicon study from Nutrition 21, Inc, Purchase, NY. NR 54 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 137 IS 5 BP S55 EP S60 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.07.072 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 515VK UT WOS:000271500800008 PM 19874950 ER PT J AU Morris, JB AF Morris, J. B. TI Characterization of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm regenerated in Georgia, USA SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Genetic resource; Morphology; Phenology; Regeneration; Reproduction; Sesamum indicum ID CELLS AB Sesame, Sesamum indicum L. is used worldwide for cooking oil and food. The United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit (USDA, ARS, PGRCU) conserves 1,226 accessions originating from Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, and South America. Sesame accessions were directly seeded to the field in Griffin, GA between 15 May and 01 June 2003-2007. At 50% maturity, 192 accessions were characterized for morphological, phenological, and reproductive traits during the regeneration cycles. High quality plants regenerated from all accessions produced 131 to more than 80,000 seeds per accession. Sesame can be successfully grown and regenerated in Griffin, GA. Coefficients of variation and principal component analysis revealed considerable variability among accessions for phenological, morphological and reproductive traits. Assuming appropriate levels of heritability, sufficient variation among sesame accessions exists for days to maturity, plant height, and reproductive traits among these sesame accessions to warrant breeding programs for new sesame cultivar development. C1 ARS, USDA, Griffin, GA USA. RP Morris, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Griffin, GA USA. EM Brad.Morris@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 56 IS 7 BP 925 EP 936 DI 10.1007/s10722-009-9411-9 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 524BX UT WOS:000272119900005 ER PT J AU Feiz, L Beecher, BS Martin, JM Giroux, MJ AF Feiz, L. Beecher, B. S. Martin, J. M. Giroux, M. J. TI In Planta Mutagenesis Determines the Functional Regions of the Wheat Puroindoline Proteins SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS; TRYPTOPHAN-RICH DOMAIN; GRAIN HARDNESS; WILD-TYPE; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; FRIABILIN; SEQUENCE; STARCH; GENES; EXPRESSION AB In planta analysis of protein function in a crop plant could lead to improvements in understanding protein structure/function relationships as well as selective agronomic or end product quality improvements. The requirements for successful in planta analysis are a high mutation rate, an efficient screening method, and a trait with high heritability Two ideal targets for functional analysis are the Puroindoline a and Puroindoline 1) (Pina and Pinb, respectively) genes, which together compose the wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) Ha locus that Controls grain texture and many wheat end-use properties. Puroindolines (PINs) together impart soft texture, and initiations in either PIN result. in hard seed texture. Studies of the PINs' mode of action are limited by low allelic variation. To create new Pin alleles and identify critical function-determining regions, Pin point. mutations were created in planta via EMS treatment of a soft wheat.. Grain hardness of 46 unique PIN missense alleles was then measured Using segregating F(2):F(3) populations. The impact of individual missense alleles Upon PIN function, as measured by grain hardness, ranged from neutral (74%) to intermediate to function abolishing. The percentage of function-abolishing mutations among mutations occurring in both PINA and PINB was higher for PINB, indicating that PINB is more critical to overall Ha function. This is contrary to expectations in that PINB is not as well conserved as PINA. All function-abolishing initiations resulted from structure-disrupting mutations or from missense mutations occurring near the Tryptophan-rich region. This study demonstrates the feasibility of in planta functional analysis of wheat proteins and that the Tryptophan-rich region is the most important region of both PINA and PINB. C1 [Feiz, L.; Martin, J. M.; Giroux, M. J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Beecher, B. S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Giroux, MJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, 119 Plant Biosci Bldg, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mgiroux@montana.edu RI Giroux, Michael/F-4413-2010 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Science National Research Initiative Cornpetitive [2004-01141, 2007-35301-18135]; Montana Board for Research and Commercialization Technologyl; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station FX The authors declare no conflicts of interest. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Science National Research Initiative Cornpetitive Grants 2004-01141, 2007-35301-18135; by the Montana Board for Research and Commercialization Technology; and by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2009 VL 183 IS 3 BP 853 EP 860 DI 10.1534/genetics.109.106013 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 526NA UT WOS:000272295800009 PM 19752217 ER PT J AU Tsuchisaka, A Yu, GX Jin, HL Alonso, JM Ecker, JR Zhang, XM Gao, S Theologis, A AF Tsuchisaka, Atsunari Yu, Guixia Jin, Hailing Alonso, Jose M. Ecker, Joseph R. Zhang, Xiaoming Gao, Shang Theologis, Athanasios TI A Combinatorial Interplay Among the 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Isoforms Regulates Ethylene Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PLANT DEVELOPMENT; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE FAMILY; AUXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; HORMONE ETHYLENE; RESPONSE PATHWAY; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; SHADE AVOIDANCE; JASMONIC ACID; SYNTHASE AB Ethylene (C(2)H(4)) is a unique plant-signaling molecule that regulates numerous developmental processes. The key enzyme in the two-step biosynthetic pathway of ethylene is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS), which catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to ACC, the precursor of ethylene. To understand the function of this important enzyme, we analyzed the entire family of nine ACS isoforms (ACS1, ACS2, ACS4-9, and ACS11) encoded in the Arabidopsis genome. Our analysis reveals that members of this protein family share an essential function, because individual ACS genes are not essential for Arabidopsis viability, whereas elimination of the entire gene family results in embryonic lethality Phenotypic characterization of single and multiple mutants unmasks unique but overlapping functions of the various ACS members in plant. developmental events, including multiple growth characteristics, flowering time, response to gravity, disease resistance, and ethylene production. Ethylene acts as a repressor of flowering by regulating the transcription of the FLOWERING LOCUS C. Each single and high order mutant has a characteristic molecular phenotype with unique and overlapping gene expression patterns. The expression of several genes involved in light perception and signaling is altered in the high order mutants. These results, together with the in planta ACS interaction map, suggest. that ethylene-mediated processes are orchestrated by a combinatorial interplay among ACS isoforms that determines the relative ratio of homo- and heterodimers (active or inactive) in a spatial and temporal manner. These subunit isoforms comprise it combinatorial code that. is a central regulator of ethylene production during plant development. The lethality of the mill ACS mutant Contrasts With the viability of null mutations in key components of the ethylene signaling apparatus, strongly supporting the view that ACC, the precursor of ethylene, is a primary regulator of plant growth and development. C1 [Tsuchisaka, Atsunari; Yu, Guixia; Theologis, Athanasios] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Jin, Hailing; Zhang, Xiaoming; Gao, Shang] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Alonso, Jose M.; Ecker, Joseph R.] Salk Inst Biol Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Theologis, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM theo@nature.berkeley.edu RI Ecker, Joseph/B-9144-2008; Alonso, Jose/K-6826-2014 OI Ecker, Joseph/0000-0001-5799-5895; Alonso, Jose/0000-0001-7087-1571 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [CRIS 5335-21430-005-00D] FX We thank Rebecca Schwab and Detlef Weigel for designing the specific amiRNA sequences to inhibit ACS8 and ACS11 gene expression and for their generous gift of pRS300 plasmid containing the amiRNA backbone; Leor Eshed Williams for her advice and discussions regarding the amiRNA experiments; and Jennifer Fletcher and Pablo Leivar for useful discussions during the Course of this work. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (CRIS 5335-21430-005-00D) (to A.T). NR 90 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 42 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2009 VL 183 IS 3 BP 979 EP 1003 DI 10.1534/genetics.109.107102 PG 25 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 526NA UT WOS:000272295800020 PM 19752216 ER PT J AU Dong, J Matsuoka, Y Maines, TR Swayne, DE O'Neill, E Davis, CT Van-Hoven, N Balish, A Yu, HJ Katz, JM Klimov, A Cox, N Li, DX Wang, Y Guo, YJ Yang, WZ Donis, RO Shu, YL AF Dong, Jie Matsuoka, Yumiko Maines, Taronna R. Swayne, David E. O'Neill, Eduardo Davis, C. Todd Van-Hoven, Neal Balish, Amanda Yu, Hong-jie Katz, Jacqueline M. Klimov, Alexander Cox, Nancy Li, De-xin Wang, Yu Guo, Yuan-ji Yang, Wei-zhong Donis, Ruben O. Shu, Yue-long TI Development of a new candidate H5N1 avian influenza virus for pre-pandemic vaccine production SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Pandemic influenza; H5N1 vaccine; seed virus ID A VIRUS; REVERSE GENETICS; HEMAGGLUTININ; EVOLUTION; INFECTION; ASIA; SUBTYPES; ORIGIN; CELLS AB Background Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses currently circulating in birds have caused hundreds of human infections, and pose a significant pandemic threat. Vaccines are a major component of the public health preparedness for this likely event. The rapid evolution of H5N1 viruses has resulted in the emergence of multiple clades with distinct antigenic characteristics that require clade-specific vaccines. A variant H5N1 virus termed clade 2.3.4 emerged in 2005 and has caused multiple fatal infections. Vaccine candidates that match the antigenic properties of variant viruses are necessary because inactivated influenza vaccines elicit strain-specific protection. Objective To address the need for a suitable seed for manufacturing a clade 2.3.4 vaccine, we developed a new H5N1 pre-pandemic candidate vaccine by reverse genetics and evaluated its safety and replication in vitro and in vivo. Methods A reassortant virus termed, Anhui/PR8, was produced by reverse genetics in compliance with WHO pandemic vaccine development guidelines and contains six genes from A/Puerto Rico/8/34 as well as the neuraminidase and hemagglutinin (HA) genomic segments from the A/Anhui/01/2005 virus. The multi-basic cleavage site of HA was removed to reduce virulence. Results The reassortant Anhui/PR8 grows well in eggs and is avirulent to chicken and ferrets but retains the antigenicity of the parental A/Anhui/01/2005 virus. Conclusion These results indicate that the Anhui/PR8 reassortant lost a major virulent determinant and it is suitable for its use in vaccine manufacturing and as a reference vaccine virus against the H5N1 clade 2.3.4 viruses circulating in eastern China, Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. C1 [Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, NCIRD, CCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Dong, Jie; Yu, Hong-jie; Li, De-xin; Wang, Yu; Guo, Yuan-ji; Yang, Wei-zhong; Shu, Yue-long] China CDC, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, State Key Lab Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Chinese Natl Influenza Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Donis, RO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, NCIRD, CCID, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rdonis@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD NOV PY 2009 VL 3 IS 6 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00104.x PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 509WI UT WOS:000271049600007 PM 19903211 ER PT J AU Eigenberg, RA Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA AF Eigenberg, Roger A. Brown-Brandl, Tami M. Nienaber, John A. TI Shade material evaluation using a cattle response model and meteorological instrumentation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Feedlot; Heat load index; Meteorological [data]; Physiological model; Shade materials ID FEEDLOT CATTLE; HEAT-STRESS; INDICATORS AB Shade structures are often considered as one method of reducing stress in feedlot cattle. Selection of a suitable shade material can be difficult without data that quantify material effectiveness for stress reduction. A summer study was conducted during 2007 using instrumented shade structures in conjunction with meteorological measurements to estimate relative effectiveness of various shade materials. Shade structures were 3.6 m by 6.0 m by 3.0 m high at the peak and 2.0 m high at the sides. Polyethylene shade cloth was used in three of the comparisons and consisted of effective coverings of 100%, 60% with a silver reflective coating, and 60% black material with no reflective coating. Additionally, one of the structures was fitted with a poly snow fence with an effective shade of about 30%. Each shade structure contained a solar radiation meter and a black globe thermometer to measure radiant energy received under the shade material. Additionally, meteorological data were collected as a non-shaded treatment and included temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. Data analyses was conducted using a physiological model based on temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind speed; a second model using black globe temperatures, relative humidity, and wind speed was used as well. Analyses of the data revealed that time spent in the highest stress category was reduced by all shade materials. Moreover, significant differences (P < 0.05) existed between all shade materials (compared to no-shade) for hourly summaries during peak daylight hours and for 'full sun' days. C1 [Eigenberg, Roger A.; Brown-Brandl, Tami M.; Nienaber, John A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM roger.eigenberg@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 53 IS 6 BP 501 EP 507 DI 10.1007/s00484-009-0238-z PG 7 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 527OA UT WOS:000272375200004 PM 19517138 ER PT J AU Richardson, BA Rehfeldt, GE Kim, MS AF Richardson, Bryce A. Rehfeldt, Gerald E. Kim, Mee-Sook TI CONGRUENT CLIMATE-RELATED GENECOLOGICAL RESPONSES FROM MOLECULAR MARKERS AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS FOR WESTERN WHITE PINE (PINUS MONTICOLA) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE adaptive traits; AFLP; divergent selection; ecological genetics; genome scan ID POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NATURAL-SELECTION; GLACIAL REFUGIA; GENOME SCANS; BLISTER RUST; DOUGLAS-FIR; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; DIVERGENCE; DIVERSITY AB Analyses of molecular and quantitative genetic data demonstrate the existence of congruent climate-related patterns in western white pine (Pinus monticola). Two independent studies allowed comparisons of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers with quantitative variation in adaptive traits. Principal component analyses were conducted on seedling traits in common gardens collected from 58 sites; principal coordinate analyses were conducted on AFLP data from 15 sites. Collection site eigenvector means were regressed on 35 climate variables to produce a genecological prediction for each data set. Both predictions explained a large percentage (>70%) of the genetic variation from the first eigenvector from similar predictors involving the interaction growing season precipitation and temperature. Both predictions were significant (P < 0: 01), and projected genecological maps were largely congruent. The predominant pattern from the first eigenvector was two major groups, a northern and a southern, connected by a steep cline across the crest of the southern Cascade Range of Oregon. This cline was associated with growth potential in the adaptive traits. These results suggest that divergent climatic selection has influenced phenotypic traits associated with growth. Furthermore, the congruence of AFLPs suggests a linkage between some loci and genomic regions under selection and/or climatic influences on postmating reproductive success. C1 [Richardson, Bryce A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Rehfeldt, Gerald E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Kim, Mee-Sook] Kookmin Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Seoul 136702, South Korea. RP Richardson, BA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. EM brichardson02@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We appreciate the technical assistance of Nicholas Crookston and Andrew Hudak; laboratory assistance of Jane Stewart and John Hanna; and reviews by Ned Klopfenstein, John Syring, Melanie Murphy, Katherine Jermstad, and two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (Forest and Woodland Ecosystems and Grassland, Shrubland, and Desert Ecosystem Programs). NR 60 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 170 IS 9 BP 1120 EP 1131 DI 10.1086/605870 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 507TB UT WOS:000270876700003 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP Price, NP Kroppenstedt, RM Donahue, JM Williams, NM Sells, SF AF Labeda, D. P. Price, N. P. Kroppenstedt, R. M. Donahue, J. M. Williams, N. M. Sells, S. F. TI Streptomyces atriruber sp nov and Streptomyces silaceus sp nov., two novel species of equine origin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCES; PLACENTAS; EVOLUTION; NOCARDIA AB Two actinomycete strains, NRRL B-24165(T) and NRRL B-24166(T), isolated from lesions on equine placentas in Kentucky, USA, were analysed using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, morphological observations and the presence of LL-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in whole-cell hydrolysates, the new isolates clearly belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Analyses of the phylogenetic positions of strains NRRL B-24165(T) and NRRL B-24166(T) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of all recognized species of the genus Streptomyces, as well as evaluation of morphological and physiological characteristics, demonstrated that the new isolates could be differentiated from all recognized species and therefore represented novel species. It is proposed that the new strains represent two novel species for which the names Streptomyces atriruber sp. nov. (type strain NRRL B-24165(T) =DSM 41860(T)=LDDC 6330-99(T)) and Streptomyces silaceus sp. nov. (NRRL B-24166(T) =DSM 41861(T) =LDDC 6638-99(T)) are proposed. The species names are based on the distinctive colours of the substrate mycelium of these strains, dark red and deep orange-yellow, respectively. C1 [Labeda, D. P.] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Price, N. P.] ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Kroppenstedt, R. M.] DSMZ German Collect Microorganisms & Cell Culture, Braunschweig, Germany. [Donahue, J. M.; Williams, N. M.; Sells, S. F.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Vet Sci, Livestock Dis Diagnost Ctr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM David.Labeda@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 59 BP 2899 EP 2903 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.008862-0 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 526MV UT WOS:000272295000049 PM 19628594 ER PT J AU Chavez, JL Howell, TA Copeland, KS AF Chavez, Jose Luis Howell, Terry A. Copeland, Karen S. TI Evaluating eddy covariance cotton ET measurements in an advective environment with large weighing lysimeters SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; SEMIARID CLIMATE; SCALAR FLUXES; HEAT-FLUX; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION; ALFALFA; AIRCRAFT; EXCHANGE AB Eddy covariance (EC) systems are being used to assess the accuracy of remote sensing methods in mapping surface sensible and latent heat fluxes and evapotranspiration (ET) from local to regional scales, and in crop coefficient development. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the accuracy of EC systems in measuring sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE) fluxes. For this purpose, two EC systems were installed near large monolithic weighing lysimeters, on irrigated cotton fields in the Texas High Plains, during the months of June and July 2008. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were underestimated with an average error of about 30%. Most of the errors were from nocturnal measurements. Energy balance (EB) closure was 73.2-78.0% for daytime fluxes. Thus, daylight fluxes were adjusted for lack of EB closure using the Bowen ratio/preservation of energy principle, which improved the resulting EC heat flux agreement with lysimetric values. Further adjustments to EC-based ET included nighttime ET (composite) incorporation, and the use of 'heat flux source area' (footprint) functions to compensate ET when the footprint expanded beyond the crop field boundary. As a result, ET values remarkably matched lysimetric ET values, with a 'mean bias error +/- root mean square error' of -0.03 +/- 0.5 mm day(-1) ( or -0.6 +/- 10.2%). C1 [Chavez, Jose Luis] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Howell, Terry A.; Copeland, Karen S.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Chavez, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1372 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jose.chavez@colostate.edu; terry.howell@usda.ars.gov; kare.copeland@usda.ars.gov NR 48 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 35 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s00271-009-0179-7 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 510EV UT WOS:000271071700004 ER PT J AU Chavez, JL Gowda, PH Howell, TA Neale, CMU Copeland, KS AF Chavez, Jose Luis Gowda, P. H. Howell, T. A. Neale, C. M. U. Copeland, K. S. TI Estimating hourly crop ET using a two-source energy balance model and multispectral airborne imagery SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID RADIOMETRIC SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; HEAT-FLUX; SPARSE CROPS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RESISTANCE; VEGETATION; FIELD; SOIL; CALIBRATION; EVAPORATION AB Efficient water use through improved irrigation scheduling is expected to moderate fast declining ground-water levels and improve sustainability of the Ogallala Aquifer. An accurate estimation of spatial actual evapotranspiration (ET) is needed for this purpose. Therefore, during 2007, the Bushland ET and Agricultural Remote Sensing Experiment (BEAREX07) was conducted at the USDA-ARS, in Bushland, Texas, to evaluate remote sensing (RS)-based surface energy balance models. Very high-resolution aircraft images were acquired using the Utah State University airborne multispectral system. Instantaneous ET was estimated using a two-source energy balance model (TSM). A minor modification was made in the calculation of sensible heat fluxes to improve ET estimation. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of selected variables was conducted to evaluate their effect on ET estimation. Data from four weighing lysimeters, planted to sorghum and corn, were used for evaluating ET predictions. Instantaneous ET was predicted with mean bias error and root mean square error of 0.03 and 0.07 mm h(-1) (4.3 and 11.7%), respectively. Results indicated that crop height, roughness length for momentum transfer, clumping factor and soil resistance sub-models need to be refined. Nevertheless, the application of the TSM using high-resolution RS imagery in the Southern High Plains is promising. C1 [Chavez, Jose Luis] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gowda, P. H.; Howell, T. A.; Copeland, K. S.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Neale, C. M. U.] Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Chavez, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1372 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jose.chavez@colostate.edu RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015 OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410 FU Ogallala Aquifer Program FX This study was possible thanks to funding provided through the Ogallala Aquifer Program. Our sincere appreciation to the following individuals who provided assistance: Donald Dusek, Kim Bush, Osama Akasheh, Sivarajan Saravanan, and Saleh Taghvaeian. We also are very grateful to anonymous reviewers who helped improve the quality of this article. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-7188 EI 1432-1319 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 SI SI BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s00271-009-0177-9 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 510EV UT WOS:000271071700007 ER PT J AU Vallejo, RL Rexroad, CE Silverstein, JT Janss, LLG Weber, GM AF Vallejo, R. L. Rexroad, C. E., III Silverstein, J. T. Janss, L. L. G. Weber, G. M. TI Evidence of major genes affecting stress response in rainbow trout using Bayesian methods of complex segregation analysis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; major gene; plasma cortisol; rainbow trout; segregation analysis; stress response ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; PLASMA-CORTISOL; RESPONSIVENESS; INHERITANCE; POPULATION; FISHES; MODEL; PIGS AB As a first step toward the genetic mapping of QTL affecting stress response variation in rainbow trout, we performed complex segregation analyses (CSA) fitting mixed inheritance models of plasma cortisol by using Bayesian methods in large full-sib families of rainbow trout. To date, no studies have been conducted to determine the mode of inheritance of stress response as measured by plasma cortisol response when using a crowding stress paradigm and CSA in rainbow trout. The main objective of this study was to determine the mode of inheritance of plasma cortisol after a crowding stress. The results from fitting mixed inheritance models with Bayesian CSA suggest that 1 or more major genes with dominant cortisol-decreasing alleles and small additive genetic effects of a large number of independent genes likely underlie the genetic variation of plasma cortisol in the rainbow trout families evaluated. Plasma cortisol is genetically determined, with heritabilities of 0.22 to 0.39. Furthermore, a major gene with an additive effect of -42 ng/mL (approximately 1.0 genetic SD) is segregating in this rainbow trout broodstock population. These findings provide a basis for designing and executing genome-wide linkage studies to identify QTL for stress response in rainbow trout broodstock and markers for selective breeding. C1 [Vallejo, R. L.; Rexroad, C. E., III; Silverstein, J. T.; Weber, G. M.] ARS, USDA, NCCCWA, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Janss, L. L. G.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. RP Vallejo, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCCCWA, Kearneysville, WV USA. EM roger.vallejo@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 87 IS 11 BP 3490 EP 3505 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1616 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 508HT UT WOS:000270921900008 PM 19648504 ER PT J AU Echternkamp, SE Cushman, RA Allan, MF AF Echternkamp, S. E. Cushman, R. A. Allan, M. F. TI Size of ovulatory follicles in cattle expressing multiple ovulations naturally and its influence on corpus luteum development and fertility SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fertility; follicle size; ovulation rate; progesterone; twinning cattle ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; PREGNANCY SUCCESS; TWIN OVULATIONS; POSTPARTUM COWS; BEEF-CATTLE; HEIFERS; FERTILIZATION; DYSTOCIA; SURVIVAL; OOCYTES AB Long-term genetic selection of cattle for fraternal twins has increased the frequency of twin and triplet ovulations. In contrast, the ratio of fetal numbers to ovulation sites in pregnant females with twin (0.83) or triplet (0.73) ovulations is <1.0 and the number of calves per parturition is 1.6 and 2.0, respectively. Failure of individual twin or triplet ovulations to yield a conceptus in fertile females indicates a significant contribution of ovulation or oocyte anomalies to increased fertilization failure or early embryonic mortality. The present objective was to identify physiological traits affecting conception in cyclic cattle expressing multiple ovulations naturally, including the effect of ovulation rate on follicle or corpus luteum (CL) size, and their relationship to conception. Diameter of the individual ovulatory follicles was measured by transrectal ultrasonography at AI and ranged from 8 to 30 mm, with a trend for diameter of the individual follicles, and associated CL, to decrease with increasing ovulation rate. Independent of ovulation rate, ovulatory follicles were smaller (P < 0.05) for nulliparous heifers (1.5 yr) compared with parous cows (>= 2.5 yr). Pregnancy and fetal status were diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography between 42 and 72 d after AI. Fertility was reduced (P < 0.01) for small twin or triplet ovulatory follicles (8 to 8.9 mm vs. 10 to 17.9 mm diam.), whereas fertility in monovular females was reduced (P < 0.01) for large ovulatory follicles (>= 22 vs. 14 to 17.9 mm). Plasma progesterone concentrations increased with ovulation rate and were correlated positively with total CL or ovulatory follicle volume per female, indicating that CL size and function were influenced by the size of the follicle of origin. Progesterone was greater (P < 0.05) in the blood of nulliparous heifers compared with parous cows. The increased proportion of small ovulatory follicles associated with twin and triplet ovulations indicates that some ovulatory follicles were either selected to ovulate at a lesser stage of maturity or rescued while undergoing atresia, thus compromising oocyte competency or ovulation. Of greatest importance for reduced fertility was the greater incidence of pregnancy losses occurring in the middle of gestation in females gestating 2 or more fetuses as an apparent effect of uterine crowding, especially when 2 or more fetuses were contained within 1 uterine horn. C1 [Echternkamp, S. E.; Cushman, R. A.; Allan, M. F.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Echternkamp, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Sherrill.Echternkamp@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 87 IS 11 BP 3556 EP 3568 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2049 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 508HT UT WOS:000270921900014 PM 19684271 ER PT J AU Gregorini, P Gunter, SA Beck, PA Caldwell, J Bowman, MT Coblentz, WK AF Gregorini, P. Gunter, S. A. Beck, P. A. Caldwell, J. Bowman, M. T. Coblentz, W. K. TI Short-term foraging dynamics of cattle grazing swards with different canopy structures SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behavior; herbage intake; steer; sward structure ID FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; BITE DIMENSIONS; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; HERBAGE INTAKE; BEHAVIOR; PASTURE; HEIGHT; SHEEP; DENSITY; SCALE AB The objective of the present experiment was to describe the sward canopy structures of 3 different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pastures and relate them to short-term herbage intake rate and foraging dynamics by steers. Pastures were sampled for leaf and stem fractions at the bottom, middle, and top canopy strata. Sward surface heights and tiller and bulk densities were measured. Herbage was separated into stem and leaf, and leaves were then ranked phenologically. Three steers grazed (grazing sessions) 3 different pastures in a Latin square design. Ruminal contents were emptied and weighed before and after grazing sessions to assess herbage intake rate and bite mass. All grazing sessions were video recorded and analyzed for feeding stations (eating steps demarking the potential area of herbage consumption), bites per feeding station, and feeding stations per minute. Bite depth, bite area, and area grazed per feeding station were calculated. Morphological components and tiller density did not differ (P > 0.05) between the pastures, but sward surface height (P < 0.05) and leaf proportions in the middle and top canopy strata did differ. The herbage intake rate, bite mass, and bite area differed between treatments (P < 0.05). Steers grazing the tallest pasture with the greatest leaf accessibility ate faster, navigated slower, and grazed more efficiently (P < 0.05). The area grazed per feeding station differed between treatments (P < 0.05), being 87% for the tallest pasture with the greatest leaf accessibility and the least, 31%, for the pasture with the least leaf accessibility. Pastures with greater leaf accessibility may lead grazing cattle to reach the same herbage intake amount in less time while grazing more efficiently per unit area. Therefore, it may be logical to reduce the area and time allocations in pastures with taller swards where a leafy upper canopy stratum is found. C1 [Gunter, S. A.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. [Gregorini, P.; Beck, P. A.; Caldwell, J.; Bowman, M. T.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Coblentz, W. K.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Gunter, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. EM Stacey.Gunter@ars.usda.gov OI Gregorini, Pablo/0000-0002-7084-5223 FU University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station [AR001735]; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education [2005-35101-15344] FX The project was conducted with funding from the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Hatch Project AR001735, and the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, grant 2005-35101-15344. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. The authors thank Carlos A. Masino and David Shockey as well as the graduate students from the Department of Animal Science of the University of Arkansas (Fayetteville) for their invaluable help during the sample collection period and analysis. The authors also acknowledge Michael H. Wade (Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina), Michael Phillips (Morehead State University, Morehead, KY), Rene Flores (University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock), and Hernando Flores (Corporacion Columbiana de Investigacion Agropecuaria, Bogota, Columbia) for their critical review, ideas, and comments to the manuscript. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 87 IS 11 BP 3817 EP 3824 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2094 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 508HT UT WOS:000270921900040 PM 19684258 ER PT J AU Killgore, A Jackson, E Whitford, WG AF Killgore, A. Jackson, E. Whitford, W. G. TI Fire in Chihuahuan Desert grassland: Short-term effects on vegetation, small mammal populations, and faunal pedoturbation SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Aggregate stability; Bouteloua eriopoda; Cache pits; Heteromyid rodents; Resilience; Sporobolus spp. ID TAILED KANGAROO RAT; PRESCRIBED FIRE; ARIZONA; RANGE; PRODUCTIVITY; ARGENTINA; FREQUENCY; DENSITIES; COMMUNITY; WILDFIRE AB A prescribed burn resulted in significant decreases in canopy cover of the grasses: Bouteloua eriopoda, Sporobolus flexuosus, and Aristida purpurea. One year post-burn, basal cover of B. eriopoda remained significantly lower in burned patches than in unburned areas but there were no differences in basal cover of the other perennial grasses. Only one species of the 14 summer annual species occurred in both burned and unburned plots. There were six species of spring annuals in burned patches but no spring annuals in the unburned grassland ten months post-burn. Fire killed 100% of the snakeweed shrubs (Gutierrezia sarothrae), 77% of the Ephedra torreyana shrubs, and 36% of the Yucca elata. All mesquite shrubs that were top-killed by fire, resprouted one month post-burn. Fire had no effect on abundance and species richness of rodents. There were fewer wolf spider, Geolycosa spp. burrows in burned areas than in unburned grassland. The area and volume of soil in termite galleries and sheeting were significantly larger in the unburned grassland than in the burned areas. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Whitford, W. G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Killgore, A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Jackson, E.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Geog, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM wawhitfo@nmsu.edu FU Turner Ranch Properties, Inc.; International Arid Land Consortium and T E, Inc FX This research was funded in part by Turner Ranch Properties, Inc. and in part by grants from the International Arid Land Consortium and T & E, Inc. We thank Tom Waddel of the Armendariz Ranch and ranch personnel for establishing the study site, conducting the prescribed burn and for discussions of this research. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1029 EP 1034 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.016 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 485BK UT WOS:000269095200008 ER PT J AU Tallada, JG Palacios-Rojas, N Armstrong, PR AF Tallada, Jasper G. Palacios-Rojas, Natalia Armstrong, Paul R. TI Prediction of maize seed attributes using a rapid single kernel near infrared instrument SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Enzymes in Grain Processing CY MAR 31-APR 02, 2008 CL Norwich, ENGLAND DE Corn; NIR; Partial least squares regression; PLSR ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; PROTEIN-CONTENT; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION; WHEAT; GRAIN; OIL AB Non-destructive measurements of seed attributes would significantly enhance breeder selection of seeds with specific traits, and could potentially improve hybrid development. A single kernel near infrared reflectance (NIR) instrument was developed for rapidly predicting maize grain attributes, which would enable plant breeders to quickly select promising individual seeds. With the overall goal being to develop spectrometric calibrations, absorbance spectra from 904 to 1685 turn were collected from 87 maize samples, with 30 kernels of each sample (2610 kernels total), representing a wide variability in the essential amino acids tryptophan and lysine, crude protein, oil and soluble sugar contents. Average sample spectra were matched to bulk reference values. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration models with cross-validation were developed for both relative (% dry matter) and absolute (mg kernel(-1)) constituent contents. Similarly, models using bagging PLSR were developed. The best model obtained was for relative crude protein content, with an R(2)p of 0.75 and a SEP of 0.47%. Kernel mass was also highly predictable (R(2)p=0.76, SEP=0.03 g). Tryptophan, lysine and oil were less predictable, but showed good potential for segregating individual seeds using NIR. Soluble sugar contents produced poor model statistics. Bagging PLSR yielded models with similar levels of prediction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tallada, Jasper G.; Armstrong, Paul R.] USDA ARS, GMPRC, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Palacios-Rojas, Natalia] CIMMYT, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Tallada, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM jasper.tallada@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 50 IS 3 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.08.003 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 537AF UT WOS:000273084500014 ER PT J AU Bhasin, S He, EJ Kawakubo, M Schroeder, ET Yarasheski, K Opiteck, GJ Reicin, A Chen, F Lam, R Tsou, JA Castaneda-Sceppa, C Binder, EF Azen, SP Sattler, FR AF Bhasin, Shalender He, E. Jiaxiu Kawakubo, Miwa Schroeder, E. Todd Yarasheski, Kevin Opiteck, Gregory J. Reicin, Alise Chen, Fabian Lam, Raymond Tsou, Jeffrey A. Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen Binder, Ellen F. Azen, Stanley P. Sattler, Fred R. TI N-Terminal Propeptide of Type III Procollagen as a Biomarker of Anabolic Response to Recombinant Human GH and Testosterone SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE ABUSE; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; COLLAGEN TURNOVER; DEFICIENT ADULTS; DOUBLE-BLIND; OLDER MEN; FACTOR-I; EXERCISE; SPORT AB Context: Biomarkers that predict musculoskeletal response to anabolic therapies should expedite drug development. During collagen synthesis in soft lean tissue, N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (P3NP) is released into circulation. We investigated P3NP as a biomarker of lean body mass (LBM) and muscle strength gains in response to testosterone and GH. Design: Community-dwelling older men received GnRH agonist plus 5 or 10 g testosterone gel plus 0, 3, or 5 mu g recombinant human GH daily. P3NP levels were measured at baseline and wk 4, 8, 12, and 16. LBM and appendicular skeletal muscle mass(ASM) were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: One hundred twelve men completed treatment; 106 underwent serum P3NP measurements. P3NP levels were higher at wk 4 than baseline (6.61 +/- 2.14 vs. 4.51 +/- 1.05, P < 0.0001) and reached plateau by wk 4 in men receiving testosterone alone. However, wk 8 P3NP levels were higher than wk 4 levels in men receiving testosterone plus recombinant human GH. Increases in P3NP from baseline to wk 4 and 16 were significantly associated with gains in LBM (r = 0.26, P = 0.007; r = 0.53, P < 0.001) and ASM (r = 0.17, P = 0.07; r = 0.40, P < 0.0001). Importantly, for participants receiving only testosterone, P3NP increases at wk 4 and 16 were related to muscle strength gains (r = 0.20, P = 0.056 and r = 0.36, P = 0.04). In stepwise regression, change in P3NP explained 28 and 30% of the change in ASM and LBM, respectively, whereas change in testosterone but not IGF-I and age provided only small improvements in the models. Conclusion: Early changes in serum P3NP levels are associated with subsequent changes in LBM and ASM during testosterone and GH administration. Serum P3NP may be a useful early predictive biomarker of anabolic response to GH and testosterone. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 4224-4233, 2009) C1 [Bhasin, Shalender] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr,Boston Claude D Pep, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Sattler, Fred R.] Univ So Calif, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [He, E. Jiaxiu] Univ So Calif, Sch Dent, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Schroeder, E. Todd] Univ So Calif, Div Biokinesiol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kawakubo, Miwa; Azen, Stanley P.] Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Opiteck, Gregory J.; Reicin, Alise; Chen, Fabian; Lam, Raymond; Tsou, Jeffrey A.] Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. [Yarasheski, Kevin; Binder, Ellen F.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bhasin, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr,Boston Claude D Pep, 670 Albany St,2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM bhasin@bu.edu RI Yarasheski, Kevin/A-3025-2008; He, Enjie/D-4884-2013; OI Yarasheski, Kevin/0000-0001-5436-2451 FU National Institutes of Health [R01AG18169, M0I RR000043]; University of Southern California [M01RR000036]; Washington University School of Medicine; U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) [58-1950-9-001]; National Center for Research Resources General Clinical Research Center [M01 RR000054]; Boston Medical Center [1RO1AG22356, 5P30AG031679] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01AG18169 and M0I RR000043 at University of Southern California, Grant M01RR000036 at Washington University School of Medicine, and the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) ARS Cooperative Agreement 58-1950-9-001; the National Center for Research Resources General Clinical Research Center Grant M01 RR000054 at Tufts University, where any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA; and Grants 1RO1AG22356and 5P30AG031679 at Boston Medical Center. The study therapies were provided by Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Genentech Inc., and Tap Pharmaceutical Inc. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 94 IS 11 BP 4224 EP 4233 DI 10.1210/jc.2009-1434 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 515LD UT WOS:000271470800014 PM 19837911 ER PT J AU Nonnecke, BJ Reinhardt, TA Waters, WR AF Nonnecke, B. J. Reinhardt, T. A. Waters, W. R. TI The preruminant calf as a model for characterizing the effects of vitamin D status in the neonate SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE preruminant calf; vitamin D status; neonatal nutrition ID PERINATAL-PERIOD; D HOMEOSTASIS; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; CALVES; SERUM; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; CALCIUM; TRACER; SYSTEM; COW AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using the preruminant dairy calf as a model for evaluating effects of vitamin D status in the neonate. Because the newborn calf can be sustained during the first weeks of life solely on a fluid diet having a defined composition, has documented nutritional requirements, and is minimally affected by repeated samplings of peripheral blood, it has the potential to serve as a model for characterizing nutrient-specific effects on the growth and health of the neonate. Colostrum-fed Holstein bull calves (n = 13) entered the trial at approximately 4 d of age. All calves were fed a custom-formulated milk replacer devoid of vitamin D. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) concentrations in all calves were determined on a regular basis beginning at d 0. Using this information, low-and high-status groups of calves were established by subcutaneous administration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3). To maintain targeted plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) concentrations in low (30 ng/mL) and high (>60 ng/mL) vitamin D-status calves, low-status calves (n = 6) received a total of 8,600 IU (2,225 IU/wk) of vitamin D during the experimental period and high-status calves (n = 7) received 54,000 IU (13,500 IU/wk). Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) in low-status calves averaged 27 ng/mL, compared with 78 ng/mL in high-status calves, and were less at all sampling times from d 7 to d 28. Concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) were not correlated. Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous concentrations were unaffected by 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) administration; however, plasma calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) concentrations were correlated. Calcium and magnesium concentrations decreased with age but remained within normal ranges for dairy cattle. These results indicate that it is possible to predictably control vitamin D status over a 28-d period and suggest that the preruminant calf might be useful as a model for studying effects of vitamin D on growth, development, and immune function in the neonate. C1 [Nonnecke, B. J.; Reinhardt, T. A.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Waters, W. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Nonnecke, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM brian.nonnecke@ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 92 IS 11 BP 5692 EP 5696 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2484 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 508GB UT WOS:000270916500036 PM 19841228 ER PT J AU Eldridge, DJ Whitford, WG Duval, BD AF Eldridge, David J. Whitford, Walter G. Duval, Benjamin D. TI Animal disturbances promote shrub maintenance in a desertified grassland SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal activity; biopedturbation; Chihuahuan desert; desertification; disturbance; ecosystem engineering; pedogenesis ID SEED-HARVESTER ANTS; TAILED KANGAROO RAT; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; MOJAVE DESERT; ANNUAL PLANTS; DIPODOMYS-SPECTABILIS; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; SOIL CHEMISTRY; MOUNDS AB P> Soil disturbance by animals affects the availability of water, nutrients, sediment and seeds, which are critical for the maintenance of functional ecosystems. We examined long-lived faunal structures across six vegetation communities in the northern Chihuahuan desert of New Mexico, USA, testing the proposition that disturbances in undesertified grassland differ in magnitude and effect from those in desertified grassland. Vertebrate and invertebrate disturbances totalled 18.9 structures ha-1 across 18 sites. The most common were pits and mounds of American badgers (Taxidea taxus, 32%), nests of the ant Aphaenogaster cockerelli (18.8%) and mounds of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis, 31%). Desertification was associated with a doubling of the density of structures, but no effects on cover or volume. The greatest density was in desertified mesquite and creosote bush shrublands, and the lowest density in undesertified grass swales. Badger and wood rat (Neotoma sp.) mounds were significant indicators of desertified communities. Desertification did not affect the density of kangaroo rat mounds (6.7 ha-1 in black grama grasslands and creosote bush shrublands). However, mounds in creosote bush shrubland were smaller and had more and larger shrubs than adjacent inter-mound hummocks. Desertification was associated with increases in the density of Aphaenogaster cockerelli and Trachymyrmex smithii nests, and declines in Pogonomyrmex rugosus nests. Substantial increases in soil nitrate and electrical conductivity on Myrmecocystus nests were associated with desertification. Synthesis. Desertification shaped this desert environment in two main ways. First, while kangaroo rat mound density changed little with desertification, mounds in shrubland continued to enhance shrub persistence long after abandonment, reinforcing desertification processes. Second, marked changes in the density of nests of the key ant species altered the spatial distribution of soil nitrate and electrical conductivity, likely affecting soil fertility and the distribution of desert plants. Our results highlight the importance of animal activity in shaping desert plant communities, and in maintaining or reinforcing desertification processes. C1 [Eldridge, David J.] Univ New S Wales, Dept Environm & Climate Change, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, C Ecol & Evolut Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Whitford, Walter G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Duval, Benjamin D.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Eldridge, DJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Dept Environm & Climate Change, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, C Ecol & Evolut Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM d.eldridge@unsw.edu.au FU International Arid Lands Consortium FX We thank the many people who assisted with the collection and collation of field data, particularly Verity Mathis, Erik Jackson, Aaron Kilgore, Sonya Krogh and Gregory Forbes, and Heather Throop and Niki Huang for comments on an earlier draft. We thank Alex James and two referees for helping us clarify our thoughts. This research was partly funded by the International Arid Lands Consortium and is a contribution to the Jornada LTER Program. NR 68 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1302 EP 1310 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01558.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 506PH UT WOS:000270787100020 ER PT J AU Riginos, C Grace, JB Augustine, DJ Young, TP AF Riginos, Corinna Grace, James B. Augustine, David J. Young, Truman P. TI Local versus landscape-scale effects of savanna trees on grasses SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acacia drepanolobium; forage quality; Laikipia; nitrogen; phosphorus; rangeland; scaling up; tree-grass interactions ID SOUTHERN AFRICAN SAVANNAS; SEMIARID SAVANNA; HYDRAULIC LIFT; LAND-USE; HETEROGENEITY; COEXISTENCE; COMPETITION; ACACIA; RANGELAND; HERBIVORE AB P> Savanna ecosystems - defined by the coexistence of trees and grasses - cover more than one-fifth the world's land surface and harbour most of the world's rangelands, livestock and large mammal diversity. Savanna trees can have a variety of effects on grasses, with consequences for the wild and domestic herbivores that depend on them. Studies of these effects have focused on two different spatial scales. At the scale of individual trees, many studies have shown net positive effects of trees on sub-canopy grass nutrient concentrations and biomass. At the landscape scale, other studies have shown negative effects of high tree densities on grass productivity. These disparate results have led to different conclusions about the effects of trees on forage quality and ungulate nutrition in savannas. We integrate these approaches by examining the effects of trees on grasses at both spatial scales and across a range of landscape-scale tree densities. We quantified grass biomass, species composition and nutrient concentrations in these different contexts in an Acacia drepanolobium savanna in Laikipia, Kenya. Individual trees had positive effects on grass biomass, most likely because trees enrich soil nitrogen. Grass leaf phosphorus in sub-canopy areas, however, was depressed. The effects of individual trees could explain the effects of increasing landscape-scale tree cover for the biomass of only two of the four dominant grass species. The negative effects of trees on grass and soil phosphorus, combined with depressed grass productivity in areas of high tree cover, suggest that ungulate nutrition may be compromised in areas with many trees. Synthesis. We conclude that few, isolated trees may have positive local effects on savanna grasses and forage, but in areas of high tree density the negative landscape-scale effects of trees are likely to outweigh these positive effects. In savannas and other patchy landscapes, attempts to predict the consequences of changes in patch abundances for ecosystem services (e.g. rangeland productivity and carbon sequestration) will depend on our understanding of the extent to which local, patch-scale dynamics do or do not predict landscape-scale dynamics. C1 [Riginos, Corinna; Young, Truman P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Riginos, Corinna; Young, Truman P.] Mpala Res Ctr, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya. [Grace, James B.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Augustine, David J.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Riginos, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM criginos@princeton.edu RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 FU National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; National Science Foundation LTREB [03-16402]; USGS Global Climate Change Program; US Government. FX We are most grateful to Jackson Ekadeli, John Lochukuya, John Mpaiyan and Frederick Erii for their assistance in the field. We thank Peter and Priscilla Jessel for allowing us to work on the Jessel Ranch and the Mpala Wildlife Foundation and Research Centre staff for supporting our work at the Mpala Research Centre. Maureen Stanton, Lauren McGeoch, Jennifer Burt, Anna Treydte and two anonymous referees provided valuable insights and comments on this work. Research was funded by a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant to C.R., a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to C.R. and a National Science Foundation LTREB (03-16402) to T.P.Y. Partial support was provided by the USGS Global Climate Change Program. The use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This work complied with the laws of the Government of Kenya. NR 51 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1337 EP 1345 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01563.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 506PH UT WOS:000270787100024 ER PT J AU Martin, WE Martin, IM Kent, B AF Martin, Wade E. Martin, Ingrid M. Kent, Brian TI The role of risk perceptions in the risk mitigation process: The case of wildfire in high risk communities SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Expertise; Risk perception; Risk reduction behaviors; Wildfire; Risk communication; Mediation models; Hazard experience; Mitigation measures ID NEGATIVE THREAT APPEALS; ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR; EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS; PERSONAL-EXPERIENCE; CONSUMER EXPERTISE; PRE MODEL; HAZARD; ADOPTION; EVENT; ADJUSTMENT AB An important policy question receiving considerable attention concerns the risk perception-risk mitigation process that guides how individuals choose to address natural hazard risks. This question is considered in the context of wildfire. We analyze the factors that influence risk reduction behaviors by homeowners living in the wildland-urban interface. The factors considered are direct experience, knowledge of wildfire risk, locus of responsibility, fulltime/seasonal status, and self-efficacy. Survey data from three homeowner associations in the western U.S. are used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of this relationship. Our results indicate that the effects of knowledge and locus of responsibility are mediated by homeowners' risk perceptions. We also find that beliefs of self-efficacy and fulltime/seasonal status have a direct influence on risk reduction behaviors. Finally, we find, surprisingly, that direct experience with wildfire does not directly influence the risk perception-risk mitigation process. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, Wade E.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Econ, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Martin, Wade E.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Program Environm Sci & Policy, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Martin, Ingrid M.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Mkt, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Kent, Brian] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Martin, WE (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Econ, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM wmartin@csulb.edu; imartin@csulb.edu; bkent@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This research was supported in part by funds provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. We would also like to thank the reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 56 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 6 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 91 IS 2 BP 489 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.09.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535FG UT WOS:000272952000019 PM 19819614 ER PT J AU Buda, AR Kleinman, PJA Srinivasan, MS Bryant, RB Feyereisen, GW AF Buda, Anthony R. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Srinivasan, M. S. Bryant, Ray B. Feyereisen, Gary W. TI Effects of Hydrology and Field Management on Phosphorus Transport in Surface Runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID 2 AGRICULTURAL HILLSLOPES; WATER-QUALITY; CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA; RAINFALL INTENSITY; NUTRIENT LOSSES; UNITED-STATES; CROP CANOPY; GENERATION; GRASSLAND; MANURE AB Phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural landscapes arise from the interaction of hydrologic, edaphic, and management factors, complicated by their spatial and temporal variability. We monitored sites along two agricultural hillslopes to assess the effects of field management and hydrology on P transfers in surface runoff at different landscape positions. Surface runoff varied by landscape position with saturation excess runoff accounting for 19 times the volume of infiltration excess runoff at the north footslope position , but infiltration excess runoff dominated at upslope landscape positions. Runoff differed significantly between south and north footslopes, coinciding with the extent of upslope soil underlain by a fragipan. Phosphorus in runoff was predominantly in dissolved reactive form (70%), with the highest concentrations associated upper landscape positions closest to fields serving as major sources of P. However, the largest loads of P were from the north footslope, where runoff volumes were 24 times larger than from all other sites combined. Loads of P from the north footslope appeared to be primarily chronic transfers of desorbed soil P. Although runoff from the footslope likely contributed directly with stream flow. Findings of this study will be useful for evaluating the critical source area concept, and metrics such as the P-Index. C1 [Buda, Anthony R.; Kleinman, Peter J. A.; Bryant, Ray B.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Feyereisen, Gary W.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Srinivasan, M. S.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Buda, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Anthony.Buda@ars.usda.gov RI Buda, Anthony/B-4860-2013 NR 47 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2273 EP 2284 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0501 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519NU UT WOS:000271774400014 PM 19875784 ER PT J AU Ramirez, NE Wang, P Lejeune, J Shipitalo, MJ Ward, LA Sreevatsan, S Dick, WA AF Ramirez, Norma E. Wang, Ping Lejeune, Jeff Shipitalo, Martin J. Ward, Lucy A. Sreevatsan, Srinand Dick, Warren A. TI Effect of Tillage and Rainfall on Transport of Manure-Applied Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts Through Soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GIARDIA SPP.; DAIRY FARMS; WATER; INACTIVATION; SURFACE; DISPERSION; CHEMICALS; OUTBREAKS; MOVEMENT; SURVIVAL AB Most waterborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been attributed to agricultural sources due to the high prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in animal wastes and manure spreading on farmlands. No-till, an effective conservation practice, often results in soil having higher water infiltration and percolation rates than conventional tillage. We treated six undisturbed no-till and six tilled soil blocks (30 by 30 by 30 cm) with 1 L liquid dairy manure containing 10(5) C parvum oocysts per milliliter to test the effect of tillage and rainfall on oocyst transport. The blocks were subjected to rainfall treatments consisting of 5 mm or 30 mm in 30 min. Leachate was collected from the base of the blocks in 35-mL increments using a 64-cell grid lysimeter. Even before any rain was applied, approximately 300 mL of water from the liquid manure (30% of that applied) was transported through the no-till soil, bur none through the tilled blocks. After rain was applied, a greater number and percentage of first leachate samples from the no-till soil blocks compared to the tilled blocks tested positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. In contrast to leachate, greater numbers of oocysts were recovered from the tilled soil, itself, than from the no-till soil. Although tillage was the most important factor affecting oocyst transport, rainfall timing and intensity were also important. To minimize transport of Cryptosporidium in no-till fields, manure should be applied at least 48 h before heavy rainfall is anticipated or methods of disrupting the direct linkage of surface soil to drains, via macropores, need to be used. C1 [Ramirez, Norma E.; Lejeune, Jeff] Ohio State Univ, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Dick, Warren A.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Shipitalo, Martin J.] USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. [Ward, Lucy A.] NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wang, Ping; Sreevatsan, Srinand] Univ Minnesota, Ctr Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Vet Populat Med Dep, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dick, WA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM dick.5@osu.edu OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345; Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2394 EP 2401 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0432 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519NU UT WOS:000271774400025 PM 19875795 ER PT J AU Kramer, KE Rice, PJ Horgan, BP Rittenhouse, JL King, KW AF Kramer, Kirsten E. Rice, Pamela J. Horgan, Brian P. Rittenhouse, Jennifer L. King, Kevin W. TI Pesticide Transport with Runoff from Turf: Observations Compared with TurfPQ Model Simulations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY IMPACTS; GOLF-COURSES; TURFGRASS AB Pesticides applied to turf grass have been detected in surface waters raising concerns of their effect on water quality and interest in their source, hydrological transport and use of models to predict transport. TurfPQ a pesticide runoff model for turf grass, predicts pesticide transport but has not been rigorously validated for larger storms. The objective of this study was to determine TurfPQs ability to accurately predict the transport of pesticides with runoff following more intense precipitation. The Study was conducted with creeping bentgrass [Agrostis palustris Huds.] turf managed as a golf course fairway. A pesticide mixture containing dicamba, 2,4-D, MCPP, flutolanil, and chlorpyrifos was applied to six adjacent 24.4 by 6.1 m plots. Controlled rainfall simulations were conducted using a rainfall simulator designed to deliver water droplets similar to natural rain. Runoff flow rates and volume were measured and water samples were collected for analysis of pesticide concentrations. Six simulations yielded 13 events with which to test TurfPQ Measured mean percentage of applied pesticide recovered in the runoff for dicamba, 2,4-D, MCPP, flutolanil, and chlorpyrifos was 24.6, 20.7, 14.9, 5.9, and 0.8%, respectively. The predicted mean values produced by TurfPQ were 13.7, 15.6, 15.5, 2.5, and 0.2%, respectively. The model produced correlations of r = 0.56 and 0.64 for curve number hydrology and measured hydrology, respectively. Comparisons of the model estimates with our field observations indicate that TurfPQ under predicted pesticide runoff during 69.5 +/- 11.4 mm, 1.9 +/- 0.2 h, simulated storms. C1 [Kramer, Kirsten E.; Rice, Pamela J.; Rittenhouse, Jennifer L.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Horgan, Brian P.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Hort, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [King, Kevin W.] USDA ARS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Rice, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Room 439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Pamela.Rice@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Golf Association; Green Section Research FX This research was funded in part by the U.S. Golf Association, Green Section Research. We thank Christina Borgen, Troy Carson, Mike Dolan, Shari Greseth, Andrew Hollinan, Craig Krueger, Jeff Lanners, Matthew McNearney. Carl Rosen, Jon Sass, Alex Seeley, and Karli Swenson for there assistance on the project, and Nelson Irrigation for their donation of sprinkler nozzles utilized in the construction of the rainfall simulator. Mention of specific products or supplies is for identification and does not imply endorsement by U.S. Department of Agriculture to the exclusion of other suitable products or supplies. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2402 EP 2411 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0433 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519NU UT WOS:000271774400026 PM 19875796 ER PT J AU Guzman, JA Fox, GA Malone, RW Kanwar, RS AF Guzman, Jorge A. Fox, Garey A. Malone, Robert W. Kanwar, Ramesh S. TI Escherichia coli Transport from Surface-Applied Manure to Subsurface Drains through Artificial Biopores SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; SOIL COLUMNS; MACROPORES; INFILTRATION; MOVEMENT; FATE; FLOW; SIMULATION; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA AB Bacteria transport in soils primarily occurs through soil mesopores and macropores (e.g., biopores and cracks). Field research has demonstrated that biopores and subsurface drains can be hydraulically connected. This research was conducted to investigate the importance of surface connected and disconnected (buried) biopores on Escherichia coli (E. coli) transport when biopores are located near subsurface drains. A soil column (28 by 50 by 95 cm) was packed with loamy sand and sandy loam soils to bulk densities of 1.6 and 1.4 Mg m(-3), respectively, and containing an artificial biopore located directly above a subsurface drain. The sandy loam soil was packed using two different methods: moist soil sieved to 4.0 mm and air-dried soil manually crushed and then sieved to 2.8 mm. A 1-cm constant head was induced on the soil surface in three flushes: (i) water, (ii) diluted liquid swine (Sus scrofa) manure 48 h later, and (iii) water 48 h after the manure. Escherichia coli transport to the drain was observed with either open surface connected or buried biopores. In surface connected biopores, E. coli transport was a function of the soil type and the layer thickness between the end of the biopore and drain. Buried biopores contributed flow and E. coli in the less sorptive soil (loamy sand) and the sorptive soil (sandy loam) containing a wide (i.e., with mesopores) pore space distribution prevalent due to the moist soil packing technique. Biopores provide a mechanism for rapidly transporting E coli into subsurface drains during flow events. C1 [Guzman, Jorge A.; Fox, Garey A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Malone, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kanwar, Ramesh S.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Biosyst & Agr Engn, 120 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM garey.fox@okstate.edu OI GUZMAN, Jorge A/0000-0002-7734-5723 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Cooperative State Research, Extension, mid Education Service (CSREES) National Research Initiative [2007-35102-18242] FX The authors acknowledge the financial assistance of a 2007-2010 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Cooperative State Research, Extension, mid Education Service (CSREES) National Research Initiative Grant, Award no. 2007-35102-18242. The authors acknowledge Amanda K. Fox, Stillwater, OK for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2412 EP 2421 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0077 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519NU UT WOS:000271774400027 PM 19875797 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, MR Brooks, JP Adeli, A AF McLaughlin, Michael R. Brooks, John P. Adeli, Ardeshir TI Characterization of Selected Nutrients and Bacteria from Anaerobic Swine Manure Lagoons on Sow, Nursery, and Finisher Farms in the Mid-South USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA; EFFLUENT; SURVIVAL; PCR; MICROORGANISMS; BERMUDAGRASS; PREVALENCE; STORAGE AB Swine (Sus scrofa domestica) production in the Mid-Sourh USA comprises sow, nursery, and finisher farms. A 2007 packing plant closure started a regional shift from finisher to sow and nursery farms. Changes in manure stored in lagoons and land-applied as fertilizer were expected but were unknown because nutrient and bacterial levels had not been characterized by farm type. The objectives of this study were to quantify selected nutrients and bacteria, compare levels by farm types, and project impacts of production shifts. Nutrients and bacteria were characterized in 17 sow, 10 nursery, and 10 finisher farm lagoons. Total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers, Enterococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens (Veillon and Zuber) Hauduroy et al., Campylobacter spp., Listeria spp., and Salmonella spp. were evaluated. Highest levels were from total coliforms (1.4-5.7 x 10(5) cfu 100 mL(-1)), which occurred with E. coli, Campylobacter spp., C perfringens, and Enterococcus spp., in every lagoon and virtually every sample. Lowest levels were from Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. (<= 1.3 x 10(2) most probable number [MPN] 100 mL(-1)), detected in 81 and 89% of lagoons and 68 and 64% of samples, respectively. Sow farm levels were higher for all except Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp., which were lower (1.4 x 10(1) and 2.8 x 10(1) MPN 100 mL(-1), respectively) and only slightly below their respective levels from nursery farms (1.1 x 10(2) and 3.4 x 10(1) MPN 100 mL(-1)). Shifting from finisher to nursery farm would not affect bacterial levels, but shifting to sows would. Either shift would reduce NPK and N:P and suggest modification of nutrient management plans. C1 [McLaughlin, Michael R.; Brooks, John P.; Adeli, Ardeshir] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McLaughlin, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mike.mclaughlin@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2422 EP 2430 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0468 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519NU UT WOS:000271774400028 PM 19875798 ER PT J AU Brooks, JP McLaughlin, MR AF Brooks, J. P. McLaughlin, M. R. TI Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial Profiles of Anaerobic Swine Lagoon Effluent SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; COMMON BERMUDAGRASS; ANTIMICROBIAL USE; SALMONELLA; NITROGEN; MANURE; PHOSPHORUS; INDICATORS; WATER AB Although land application of swine (Sus scrofa) manure lagoon effluent is a common and effective method of disposal, the presence of antibiotic-resistance bacteria, both pathogenic and commensal can complicate already understood issues associated with its safe disposal. The aim of this study was to assess antibiotic resistance in swine lagoon bacteria from sow, nursery and finisher farms in the southeastern United States. Effluents from 37 lagoons were assayed for the presence of Escherichia coli; Campylobacter, Listeria, and Salmonella. Antibiotic resistance profiles were determined by the Kirby-Bauer swab method for 12 antibiotics comprising eight classes. Statistical analyses indicated that farm type influenced the amount and type of resistance, with nurseries and sow farms ranking as most influential, perhaps due to use of more antibiotic treatments. Finisher farms tended to have the least amount of antibiotic class resistance, signaling an overall healthier market pig, and less therapeutic or prophylactic antibiotic use. Many bacterial isolates were resistant to penicillin, cephalosporin, and tetracycline class antibiotics, while nearly all were susceptible to quinolone antibiotics. It appeared that swine farm type had a significant association with the amount of resistance associated with bacterial general sampled from the lagoons; nuseries contributed the largest amount of bacterial resistance. C1 [Brooks, J. P.; McLaughlin, M. R.] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Brooks, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Unit, 801 HWY 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM john.brooks@ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2431 EP 2437 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0471 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519NU UT WOS:000271774400029 PM 19875799 ER PT J AU Shigaki, F Schmidt, JP Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN Allen, AL AF Shigaki, Francirose Schmidt, John P. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Sharpley, Andrew N. Allen, Arthur L. TI Nitrogen Fate in Drainage Ditches of the Coastal Plain after Dredging SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NUTRIENT RETENTION; STREAM; PHOSPHORUS; TRANSPORT; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; EXPORT; SOILS; FLOW AB Drainage ditches are a key conduit of nitrogen (N) from agricultural fields to surface water. The effect of ditch dredging, a common practice to improve drainage, on the fate of N in ditch effluent is not well understood. This study evaluated the effect of dredging on N transport in drainage ditches of the Delmarva Peninsula. Sediments from two ditches draining a single field were collected (0-5 cm) to represent conditions before and after dredging. Sediments were packed in 10-m-long recirculating flumes and subjected to a three-phase experiment to assess the sediment's role as a sink or source of ammonium (NH(4)) and nitrate (NO(3)). Under conditions of low initial NH(4)-N and NO(3)-N concentrations in flume water, sediment from the undredged ditch released 113 times more NO(3)-N to water than did sediment from the dredged ditch. When flume water was spiked with NH(4)-N and NO(3)-N to simulate increases in N concentrations from drainage and runoff from adjacent fields, NO(3)-N in flume water increased during 48 h compared with the initial spiked concentration, while NH(4)-N decreased. These simultaneous changes were attributed to nitrification, with 23% more NO(3)-N observed in flume water with undredged ditch sediment compared with dredged ditch sediment. Replacing the N-spiked water with deionized water resulted in two times more NO(3)-N released from the undredged ditch sediment than the dredged ditch sediment. These results suggest that ditch sediments could represent significant stores of N and that dredging could greatly affect the ditch sediment's ability to temporarily assimilate N input from field drainage. C1 [Shigaki, Francirose] Univ Fed Maranhao, Ctr Agrarian & Environm Sci, BR-65500 Chapadinha, MA, Brazil. [Schmidt, John P.; Kleinman, Peter J. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Allen, Arthur L.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dep Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Shigaki, F (reprint author), Univ Fed Maranhao, Ctr Agrarian & Environm Sci, BR-65500 Chapadinha, MA, Brazil. EM francirose@yahoo.com.br NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2449 EP 2457 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0268 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519NU UT WOS:000271774400031 PM 19875801 ER PT J AU Millhollon, EP Rodrigue, PB Rabb, JL Martin, DF Anderson, RA Dans, DR AF Millhollon, Eddie P. Rodrigue, Paul B. Rabb, James L. Martin, Danny F. Anderson, Russell A. Dans, Darinda R. TI Designing a Constructed Wetland for the Detention of Agricultural Runoff for Water Quality Improvement SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; WASTE-WATER; NITROGEN; DRAINAGE; TRANSPORT; ATRAZINE; FATE AB The goal of this study was to construct a wetland that would detain runoff from a 162-ha watershed for the purposes of improving water quality. The volume of runoff that needed to be detained was determined to be that amount coming off the 162-ha watershed consisting of 146 ha of cultivated crop land and 16 ha of pasture that exceeded the amount that would have come off of the watershed in its natural, forested state. The Soil Conservation Service (now the Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS]) runoff curve number method was used to estimate runoff from the watershed in its natural, forested state and in its current state of cultivated crop land and pasture. The design of the constructed wetland was accomplished using the natural topography of the wetland site and the design criteria for a sediment containment system developed by NRCS. The SPAW (Soil-plant-Atmosphere-Water Field & Pond Hydrology) computer model was used to model depth and volume in the wetland to determine if the constructed wetland design would accommodate typical runoff events. Construction of the wetland occurred over a 4-mo period. The capabilities of the system were verified when Hurricane Rita deposited above-normal rainfall to the wetland site area. The wetland was able to accommodate this event, allowing flow through the system for 9 cl, followed by continued detention of remaining runoff for water quality improvement. C1 [Millhollon, Eddie P.; Rabb, James L.; Anderson, Russell A.; Dans, Darinda R.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Red River Res Stn, Bossier City, LA 71112 USA. [Rodrigue, Paul B.] USDA NRCS, Area Project Engineer Off 4, Grenada, MS 38901 USA. [Martin, Danny F.] USDA NRCS, Shreveport Serv Ctr, Shreveport, LA 71107 USA. RP Millhollon, EP (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Red River Res Stn, 262 Res Stn Dr, Bossier City, LA 71112 USA. EM emillhollon@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2458 EP 2467 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0526 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519NU UT WOS:000271774400032 PM 19875802 ER PT J AU Waters, BM Uauy, C Dubcovsky, J Grusak, MA AF Waters, Brian M. Uauy, Cristobal Dubcovsky, Jorge Grusak, Michael A. TI Wheat (Triticum aestivum) NAM proteins regulate the translocation of iron, zinc, and nitrogen compounds from vegetative tissues to grain SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Biofortification; grain protein content; iron; remobilization; senescence; zinc ID LEAF SENESCENCE; MINERAL ELEMENTS; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; SPRING WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; GENE GPC-B1; REMOBILIZATION; CROPS; BIOFORTIFICATION; ACCUMULATION AB The NAM-B1 gene is a NAC transcription factor that affects grain nutrient concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum). An RNAi line with reduced expression of NAM genes has lower grain protein, iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) concentrations. To determine whether decreased remobilization, lower plant uptake, or decreased partitioning to grain are responsible for this phenotype, mineral dynamics were quantified in wheat tissues throughout grain development. Control and RNAi wheat were grown in potting mix and hydroponics. Mineral (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, and Zn) and nitrogen (N) contents of organs were determined at regular intervals to quantify the net remobilization from vegetative tissues and the accumulation of nutrients in grain. Total nutrient accumulation was similar between lines, but grain Fe, Zn, and N were at lower concentrations in the NAM knockdown line. In potting mix, net remobilization of N, Fe, and Zn from vegetative tissues was impaired in the RNAi line. In hydroponics with ample nutrients, net remobilization was not observed, but grain Fe and Zn contents and concentrations remained lower in the RNAi line. When Fe or Zn was withheld post-anthesis, both lines demonstrated remobilization. These results suggest that a major effect of the NAM genes is an increased efflux of nutrients from the vegetative tissues and a higher partitioning of nutrients to grain. C1 [Waters, Brian M.; Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Uauy, Cristobal; Dubcovsky, Jorge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Waters, BM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, 279 Plant Sci Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bwaters2@unl.edu RI Uauy, Cristobal/B-3879-2011; Uauy, Cristobal/B-7912-2014; Waters, Brian/H-4805-2015; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Uauy, Cristobal/0000-0002-9814-1770; Waters, Brian/0000-0002-1422-238X; Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 FU USDA-ARS [58-6250-6-003]; Harvest Plus Project [58-6250-4-F029]; USDA-CSREES [2008-3531818-654] FX This work was funded in part by funds from USDA-ARS under Agreement No 58-6250-6-003 and from the Harvest Plus Project under Agreement No 58-6250-4-F029 to MAG and by funds from USDA-CSREES grant 2008-3531818-654 to JD. The authors would like to thank Adrian J Bituin and Francine J Paraiso for laboratory assistance. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 35 TC 102 Z9 116 U1 11 U2 55 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 60 IS 15 BP 4263 EP 4274 DI 10.1093/jxb/erp257 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 514JC UT WOS:000271389400007 PM 19858116 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Congleton, JL AF Welker, T. L. Congleton, J. L. TI Preliminary examination of oxidative stress in juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of wild origin sampled from transport barges SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; dam passage; HUFA; lipid peroxidation; vitamin E ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; OXYGEN-FREE-RADICALS; ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; COHO SALMON; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FRESH-WATER; VITAMIN-E; HATCHERY ORIGIN; PLASMA-CORTISOL; ASCORBIC-ACID AB Migrating juvenile wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, collected and loaded onto transport barges at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, were sampled from barges at John Day Dam, 348 km downstream, at 5 day intervals beginning in late April and ending in late May. An increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in vitamin E in liver were observed from early to late in the barge transportation season. These changes seemed unrelated to changes in plasma cortisol or corresponding glucose levels, which declined from early to late in the season, or the concentration of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) concentrations in tissue but may be related to water temperature, which increased during the transport season, or other changes associated with the parr-smolt transformation. C1 [Welker, T. L.] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Congleton, J. L.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM thomas.welker@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 75 IS 7 BP 1895 EP 1905 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02433.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 528JT UT WOS:000272441000028 PM 20738658 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA AF Evans, J. J. Klesius, P. H. Shoemaker, C. A. TI First isolation and characterization of Lactococcus garvieae from Brazilian Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and pintado, Pseudoplathystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz) SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Biolog Microlog (R); Brazil; Lactococcus garvieae; pintado; tilapia ID ENTEROCOCCUS-SERIOLICIDA; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; GENUS LACTOCOCCUS; FISH PATHOGEN; SP-NOV; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; STREPTOCOCCI; ENDOCARDITIS AB Lactococcus garvieae infection in cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and pintado, Pseudoplathystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz), from Brazil is reported. The commercial bacterial identification system, Biolog Microlog (R), confirmed the identity of L. garvieae. Infectivity trials conducted in Nile tilapia using Brazilian Nile tilapia L. garvieae isolates resulted in a median lethal dose-50 of 1.4 x 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/fish. This is the first evidence of the presence of this pathogen from Brazilian fish. In addition, this is the first report of L. garvieae infection in either Nile tilapia or pintado. Collectively, this evidence expands the geographical range of fish hosts, number of fish hosts harbouring L. garvieae and carbon source utilization by L. garvieae fish isolates. Furthermore, the Biolog system may be an alternative technique to polymerase chain reaction for the identification of L. garvieae and discrimination between closely related bacterial species. C1 [Evans, J. J.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Klesius, P. H.; Shoemaker, C. A.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, 118 B Lynchburg St, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM Joyce.Evans@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 32 IS 11 BP 943 EP 951 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01075.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 508BI UT WOS:000270901400004 PM 19531061 ER PT J AU Sathivel, S Yin, HX Bechtel, PJ King, JM AF Sathivel, Subramaniam Yin, Huaixia Bechtel, Peter J. King, Joan M. TI Physical and nutritional properties of catfish roe spray dried protein powder and its application in an emulsion system SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Catfish; Roe; Protein; Spray drying; Particle size; Consistency; Modulus; Viscosity ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; WHEY PROTEINS; BEHAVIOR; SOLUBILITY; PROXIMATE; STABILITY; STORAGE; MUSCLE AB Soluble spray dried protein powder (CRP) was made from catfish roe and its physical and nutritional properties were evaluated. An emulsion system (CRPE) was developed using CRP and theological properties compared with two commercial mayonnaises (RME and RVE). CRP contained 67% protein, 4.5% moisture, 10% ash, and 18.3% fat. CRP had a high content of essential amino acids and desirable mineral contents. Nitrogen solubility, emulsion stability, and fat adsorption values for CRP were 64%, 85.1%, and 5.7 mL/g protein, respectively. CRP protein powder had several of proteins with molecular weights between 40 and 100kDA. Particle size of CRP ranged from 1.9 to 88 mu m. The flow behavior index value for CRPE (0.14)was lower(P<0.05) than RME (0.22) and RVE (0.21). CRPE (1.8) and RVE(2.1) had lower (P<0.05) viscosity than RME (2.8). Viscoelastic characteristic of the CRP emulsion was greater than the RVE emulsion. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sathivel, Subramaniam; Yin, Huaixia; King, Joan M.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bechtel, Peter J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarctic Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ssathivel@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 42 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 95 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.04.011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 472SK UT WOS:000268152200010 ER PT J AU Huang, LH Liu, LS AF Huang, Lihan Liu, Lin-Shu TI Simultaneous determination of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of food and agricultural materials using a transient plane-source method SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Thermal conductivity; Thermal diffusivity; Transient plane-source method ID PROBE AB Thermal conductivity (K) and thermal diffusivity (alpha) are two important physical properties essential for designing any food engineering processes. Recently a new transient plane-source method was developed to measure K and alpha in a variety of materials, but its application in foods has not been documented. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using this method for measuring K and alpha of foods. A calibrated probe, constructed with a resistance temperature detector (RTD), was used to simultaneously measure K and alpha of foods and other materials. For standard materials, such as water, mineral oil, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and olive oil, the measured K and alpha values of these materials were generally within 0.5-10% from the standard values in the literature. For food materials such as beef, chicken, flour, and apple, the measured values were within 0.2-15% of the K and alpha values of the same material reported in the literature. The results of this study suggest that the transient plane-source method is an accurate method for simultaneously measuring thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of foods. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Huang, Lihan; Liu, Lin-Shu] Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Huang, LH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM lihan.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 EI 1873-5770 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 95 IS 1 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.04.024 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 472SK UT WOS:000268152200024 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Avena-Bustillos, RJ Bechtel, PJ Imam, SH Glenn, GM Orts, WJ AF Chiou, Bor-Sen Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Bechtel, Peter J. Imam, Syed H. Glenn, Greg M. Orts, William J. TI Effects of drying temperature on barrier and mechanical properties of cold-water fish gelatin films SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Fish gelatin films; Drying temperature; Isotherms; Physical properties ID BROWNSTRIPE RED SNAPPER; EDIBLE FILMS; SKIN GELATIN; VAPOR PERMEABILITY; 1-ETHYL-3-(3-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL) CARBODIIMIDE; SORPTION ISOTHERMS; BIGEYE SNAPPER; CHITOSAN FILMS; TRANSGLUTAMINASE; SOLUBILITY AB Fish gelatin films made from Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Alaska pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) were dried at 4 degrees C, 23 degrees C, 40 degrees C, and 60 degrees C. The tensile, thermal, thermal stability, water sorption, and water vapor permeability properties were examined for cold-cast gelatin films (dried below gelation temperature at 4 degrees C) and hot-cast gelatin films (dried above gelation temperature at the higher temperatures). Cold-cast gelatin films retained helical-structured gelatin, whereas hot-cast gelatin films were amorphous. This resulted in cold-cast gelatin films having higher tensile strength and percent elongation values than hot-cast gelatin films. Also, water sorption isotherms indicated cold-cast gelatin films had higher equilibrium moisture contents than hot-cast gelatin films, except at low and high relative humidity. In addition, cold-cast gelatin films had water vapor permeability values two to three times higher than those of hot-cast gelatin films. The higher water vapor permeability values might in part be due to higher moisture contents found in cold-cast gelatin films. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chiou, Bor-Sen; Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.; Imam, Syed H.; Glenn, Greg M.; Orts, William J.] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bechtel, Peter J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARS, USDA, SubArct Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Chiou, BS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bor-sen.chiou@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 95 IS 2 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.05.011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 492AT UT WOS:000269627000014 ER PT J AU Pu, SH Beaulieu, JC Prinyawiwatkul, W Ge, BL AF Pu, Shuaihua Beaulieu, John C. Prinyawiwatkul, Witoon Ge, Beilei TI Effects of Plant Maturity and Growth Media Bacterial Inoculum Level on the Surface Contamination and Internalization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Growing Spinach Leaves SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; IRRIGATION WATER; CHLORINATED WATER; BIOFILM FORMATION; BOVINE MANURE; FRESH PRODUCE; LEAF LETTUCE; O157-H7 AB The incidence of foodborne outbreaks linked to fresh produce has increased in the United States. Particularly noteworthy was the 2006 Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with prepackaged baby spinach. This study aimed to determine whether E. coli O157:H7 would be present in the aerial leaf tissue of a growing spinach plant when introduced at various plant maturities and different inoculum levels in a greenhouse setting. Spinach seeds of a commercial variety were sown in 8-in. (20.32-cm) pots. After seed germination, two levels (10(3) and 10(7) CFU/ml) of an E. coli O157:H7 green fluorescent protein-expressing strain were introduced into the plant growth media weekly for a total of five times. Inoculated spinach plants were examined weekly for the presence of E. coli O157:H7 on leaves and in surrounding growth media. Among 120 spinach plant samples examined for internal leaf contamination, only one yielded a positive result. Surface leaf contamination occurred occasionally and clustered between 3 and 5 weeks of age, but not among leaves younger than 3 weeks of age. On the other hand, when inoculated at the 10(7) CFU/ml level, the E. coli O157:H7 green fluorescent protein strain survived the entire cultivation period, although with gradually reduced levels. The experiments demonstrated that internalization of E. coli O157:H7 of growing spinach plant leaves under greenhouse conditions was a rare event, but surface contamination did occur, primarily when the plants reached 3 weeks of age. The study provided important data to further assess the association between spinach age and potential contamination of E. coli O157:H7. C1 [Pu, Shuaihua; Prinyawiwatkul, Witoon; Ge, Beilei] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Beaulieu, John C.] Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ge, BL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, 111 Food Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bge@lsu.edu OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 FU Council on Research, Office of Research and Economic Development at Louisiana State University FX We are indebted to Jeff S. Kuehny, Carl E. Motsenbocker, and William J. Salzer for their suggestions and assistance with spinach cultivation. We also thank Feifei Han, Fei Wang. and Siyi Chen for routinely watering and caring for the spinach plants. This study was supported in part by a faculty research grant to B. Ge from the Council on Research, Office of Research and Economic Development at Louisiana State University. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 72 IS 11 BP 2313 EP 2320 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 518UR UT WOS:000271720700011 PM 19903394 ER PT J AU McCarthy, N Reen, FJ Buckley, JF Frye, JG Boyd, EF Gilroy, D AF McCarthy, Noelle Reen, F. Jerry Buckley, James F. Frye, Jonathan G. Boyd, E. Fidelma Gilroy, Deirdre TI Sensitive and Rapid Molecular Detection Assays for Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhimurium and Heidelberg SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; TURKEY CARCASSES; MULTIPLEX PCR; CONVENTIONAL CULTURE; REFERENCE COLLECTION; RETAIL TURKEY; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; CONTAMINATION AB Salmonella enterica is a significant cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, with serovars; Typhimurium and Heidelberg being particularly prevalent, which have broad host ranges infecting poultry, dairy animals, and humans. Traditional methods used for the detection of Salmonella from contaminated food products are time-consuming and labor-intensive. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and rapid PCR-based detection method with optimized specificity for high-throughput screening of food and clinical samples. We used bioinformatics to identify potential serovar-specific regions from the available S. enterica sequenced genomes. We designed primer pairs to targeted regions unique to Typhimurium and Heidelberg. A primer pair targeting a putative cytoplasmic protein STM4492 amplified a 759-bp product specific to Typhimurium, and a primer pair targeting a putative inner membrane protein STM2745 amplified a 199-bp product from both Typhimurium and Heidelberg. A primer pair for the oriC locus was used to identify all Salmonella. We screened 217 isolates including the Salmonella reference collections A and B, validating the specificity of each primer set. Next, a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay and quantitative real-time PCR assay were optimized for identification and differentiation of Typhimurium and Heidelberg. An mPCR assay was developed and successfully detected S. enterica isolates from inoculated Cheddar cheese, raw turkey, and cooked turkey at concentrations as low as 1 CFU/g of food. The reaction conditions for this mPCR have significantly reduced the time needed to identify S. enterica Typhimurium and Heidelberg, making this a rapid selective tool. C1 [Boyd, E. Fidelma] Univ Delaware, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [McCarthy, Noelle; Reen, F. Jerry] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Microbiol, Cork, Ireland. [McCarthy, Noelle; Gilroy, Deirdre] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Biol, Cork, Ireland. [Buckley, James F.] Cork Cty Council, Vet Food Safety Lab, Cork, Ireland. [Frye, Jonathan G.] Agr Res Serv, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Boyd, EF (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM fboyd@udel.edu RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 FU Food Institutional Research Measure, Department of Agriculture and Fishery grant, Ireland; Cork Council FX We thank those who kindly provided us with strains used in this study. This study was supported by a Food Institutional Research Measure, Department of Agriculture and Fishery grant, Ireland, to E. F. Boyd and D. Gilroy, and a Cork Council student grant to N. McCarthy. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 72 IS 11 BP 2350 EP 2357 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 518UR UT WOS:000271720700016 PM 19903399 ER PT J AU Ukuku, DO Zhang, H Bari, ML Yamamoto, K Kawamoto, S AF Ukuku, D. O. Zhang, H. Bari, M. L. Yamamoto, K. Kawamoto, S. TI Leakage of Intracellular UV Materials of High Hydrostatic Pressure-Injured Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains in Tomato Juice SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE-BUFFERED SALINE; MEMBRANE DAMAGE; MICROBIAL INACTIVATION; APPLE JUICE; O157-H7; FOODS; PATHOGENS; SURVIVAL; PRESERVATION; COMBINATION AB The behavior of high hydrostatic pressure-injured Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells (strain SEA 131388 and a strain from the June-July 1999 Oklahoma juice outbreak) in tomato juice (pH 4.1) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.2) at final concentrations of 8.4 to 8.8 log CFU/ml, respectively, and treated at 400, 500, and 600 MPa for 40 min at 25 and 35 degrees C with storage at 5 and 23 degrees C for 1,800 min was investigated. Immediately after treatment and every 3 h for 24 It of storage, an aliquot (0.1 ml) was plated on Trypticase soy agar and sorbitol MacConkey agar to determine the percentage of injured population. Leakage of UV materials and possible recovery from injury were investigated. Pressure (600-MPa) treatment at 35 degrees C for 40 min caused a higher percentage of bacterial injury than for 10 min of treatment. A higher percentage of injured population was found among the Oklahoma strain cells than among strain SEA13B88 cells, and differences in viability loss for bacterial strains were determined. The viability loss determined in PBS was 4.8 log for SEA13B88 cells and 5.2 log for Oklahoma cells, while losses of 5.4 and 5.7 log were determined in tomato juice for SEA13B88 and Oklahoma cells, respectively. The leakage of intracellular materials of injured Oklahoma cells was higher than that observed for SEA 131388 cells, but injured Oklahoma cells recovered faster in PBS. However, injured and healthy populations for both strains were below detection in tomato juice stored at 5 degrees C for 1,440 min. C1 [Ukuku, D. O.; Zhang, H.] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Bari, M. L.; Yamamoto, K.; Kawamoto, S.] Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. RP Ukuku, DO (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dike.ukuku@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 72 IS 11 BP 2407 EP 2412 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 518UR UT WOS:000271720700026 PM 19903409 ER PT J AU Debretsion, A Habtemariam, T Wilson, S Tameru, B Wesley, IV Yehualaeshet, T AF Debretsion, Aradom Habtemariam, Tsegaye Wilson, Saul Tameru, Berhanu Wesley, Irene V. Yehualaeshet, Teshome TI COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF STANDARD CULTURE AND REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TO DETECT CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI IN RETAIL CHICKEN SAMPLES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID PCR ASSAY; RAPID DETECTION; MULTIPLEX PCR; POULTRY; COLI; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; WATER; QUANTIFICATION AB Contamination of poultry by Campylobacter is a significant source of human diarrheal illness. The purpose of this study was to compare standard culture-based methods and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of Campylobacter jejuni from retail chicken samples. Culture methods were compared with RT-PCR (without enrichment) for detection of C. jejuni in naturally contaminated chicken samples. Purchased chicken samples (n = 43) were collected from four supermarkets. C. jejuni was detected by direct plating to selective agar (DPSA; 5/43, 11.6%), RT-PCR (15/43, 34.9%) and Bolton's enrichment (BE; 8/43, 41.9%). Fifteen chicken samples were concordant by RT-PCR and BE whereas three samples were positive only by BE. The sensitivity of the RT-PCR and DPSA, when compared to BE as the reference standard (100% sensitivity) were 81 and 29%, respectively. Application of rapid and sensitive methods for detection and enumeration of C. jejuni is important for the maintenance of a safe poultry supply. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Campylobacter spp are one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrheal disease worldwide. This zoonotic pathogen is reported to have a low infective dose with high pathogenicity. The practical application of the experiment is directed to assess the "standard culture-based methods and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)" to detect Campylobacter jejuni, which is most commonly isolated campylobacter species from clinical infections and chicken samples. Because of the growth characteristics and difficulty of routine diagnostic technique, evaluation of food samples for the presence of C. jejuni can be challenging. The main focus of the study is to assess the sensitivity and sensitivity of culture and RT-PCR. The results are instrumental resources in the area of food safety, epidemiological surveillance, policy development to monitor and regulate the food matrices and diagnostic laboratories. The audiences of this information will be both academic and commercial sectors involved in poultry production and processing institutions, food regulatory and inspection institutions, risk assessment and also the consumer. C1 [Debretsion, Aradom; Yehualaeshet, Teshome] Tuskegee Univ, Dept Pathobiol, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Habtemariam, Tsegaye; Tameru, Berhanu] Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Computat Epidemiol Bioinformat & Risk Anal, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Wilson, Saul] Tuskegee Univ, Coll Vet Med Nursing & Allied Hlth, Int Ctr Trop Anim Hlth, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Wesley, Irene V.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Yehualaeshet, T (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Dept Pathobiol, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM teyehual@tuskegee.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture/CSREES [2005-36 22650036)]; NIH-NCMHD Endowment [2S21 MD 000102-06] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture/CSREES (Grant # 2005-36 22650036) and NIH-NCMHD Endowment Grant (2S21 MD 000102-06). We would like to thank Dr. Temesgen Samuel for the helpful discussion and critical reading of this article. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 588 EP 600 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2009.00179.x PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 511SW UT WOS:000271188800008 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sokorai, KJB Liao, CH Cooke, P Zhang, HQ AF Fan, Xuetong Sokorai, Kimberly J. B. Liao, Ching-Hsing Cooke, Peter Zhang, Howard Q. TI Antibrowning and Antimicrobial Properties of Sodium Acid Sulfate in Apple Slices SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; apple; browning; color; firmness; sodium acid sulfate ID QUALITY; SALMONELLA; INHIBITION; MATURITY; GROWTH; FOODS; WATER AB There are few available compounds that can both control browning and enhance microbial safety of fresh-cut fruits. In the present study, the antibrowning ability of sodium acid sulfate (SAS) on "Granny Smith" apple slices was first investigated in terms of optimum concentration and treatment time. In a separate experiment, the apple slices were treated with water or 3% of SAS, calcium ascorbate, citric acid, or acidified calcium sulfate for 5 min. Total plate count, color, firmness, and tissue damage were assessed during a 21-d storage at 4 degrees C. Results showed that the efficacy of SAS in inhibiting browning of apple slices increased with increasing concentration. A minimum 3% of SAS was needed to achieve 14 d of shelf life. Firmness was not significantly affected by SAS at 3% or lower concentrations. Antibrowning potential of SAS was similar for all treatment times ranging from 2 to 10 min. However, SAS caused some skin discoloration of apple slices. When cut surface of apple slices were stained with a fluorescein diacetate solution, tissue damage could be observed under a microscope even though visual damage was not evident. Among the antibrowning agents tested, SAS was the most effective in inhibiting browning and microbial growth for the first 14 d. Total plate count of samples treated with 3% SAS was significantly lower than those treated with calcium ascorbate, a commonly used antibrowning agent. Our results suggested that it is possible to use SAS to control browning while inhibiting the growth of microorganisms on the apple slices if the skin damage can be minimized. Practical Application: Fresh-cut apples have emerged as one of the popular products in restaurants, schools, and food service establishments as more consumers demand fresh, convenient, and nutritious foods. Processing of fresh-cut apples induces mechanical damage to the fruit and exposes apple tissue to air, resulting in the development of undesirable tissue browning. The fresh-cut industry currently uses antibrowning agents to prevent discoloration. However, the antibrowning solutions can become contaminated with human pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, and washing of apple slices with the contaminated solutions can result in the transfer of pathogens to the product. It would be ideal if an antibrowning compound prevented the proliferation of human pathogens in solutions and minimized the growth of pathogens during storage. The study was conducted to investigate antibrowning and antimicrobial properties of sodium acid sulfate (SAS) in comparison with other common antibrowning agents on Granny Smith apples. Results showed that among the antimicrobial agents we tested, SAS was the most effective in inhibiting browning and microbial growth for 14 d at 4 degrees C. However, SAS caused some skin discoloration of apple slices. Overall, SAS can potentially be used to inhibit tissue browning while reducing the microbial growth on apple slices. The information is useful for the fresh-cut produce industry to enhance microbial safety of fresh-cut apples while minimizing browning, thus increasing the consumption of the health benefiting fresh fruit. C1 [Fan, Xuetong; Sokorai, Kimberly J. B.; Liao, Ching-Hsing; Cooke, Peter; Zhang, Howard Q.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov FU Jones-Hamilton Co. [58-3K95-8-1245] FX The study was funded in part by Jones-Hamilton Co. through a collaborative research agreement (Agreement Nr 58-3K95-8-1245). The authors thank Lee Chau and Guoping Bao for their technical assistance, Katie Jane Baxendale for drawing Figure 1, and Murices Kemp of Mionix Corp. for providing acidified calcium sulfate. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 74 IS 9 BP M485 EP M492 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01362.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 521XG UT WOS:000271959100028 PM 20492119 ER PT J AU Hwang, CA Sheen, S Juneja, VK AF Hwang, Cheng-An Sheen, Shiowshuh Juneja, Vijay K. TI Effect of Salt, Smoke Compound, and Temperature on the Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in Salmon during Simulated Smoking Processes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE inactivation; Listeria monocytogenes; salt; smoke compound; smoked salmon; temperature ID HEAT-RESISTANCE; SODIUM DIACETATE; LIQUID SMOKE; GROWTH; INACTIVATION; STORAGE; MODEL; NACL; PH; MICROORGANISMS AB The objectives of this study were to examine and develop a model to describe the survival of Listeria monocytogenes in salmon as affected by salt, smoke compound (phenol), and smoking process temperature. Cooked minced salmon containing selected levels of salt (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) and smoke compound (0, 5, 10, and 15 ppm phenol) were inoculated with a 6-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes to an inoculum level of 6.0 log(10) CFU/g. The populations of L. monocytogenes in salmon during processing at 40, 45, 50, and 55 degrees C that simulated cold-and hot-smoking process temperatures were determined, and the effects of salt, phenol, and temperature on the survival of L. monocytogenes in salmon were analyzed and described with an exponential regression. At 40 degrees C, the populations of L. monocytogenes in salmon decreased slightly with inactivation rates of < 0.01 log(10) CFU/h, and at 45, 50, and 55 degrees C, the inactivation rates were 0.01 to 0.03, 0.15 to 0.30, and 2.8 to 3.5 log10 CFU/h, respectively. An exponential regression model was developed and was shown to closely describe the inactivation rates of L. monocytogenes as affected by the individual and combined effects of salt, phenol, and smoking process temperature. Temperature was the main effector in inactivating L. monocytogenes while salt and phenol contributed additional inactivation effects. This study demonstrated the inactivation effects of salt, smoke compound, and temperature on L. monocytogenes in salmon under a smoking process. The data and model can be used by manufacturers of smoked seafood to select concentrations of salt and smoke compound and alternative smoking process temperatures at 40 to 55 degrees C to minimize the presence of L. monocytogenes in smoked seafood. C1 [Hwang, Cheng-An; Sheen, Shiowshuh; Juneja, Vijay K.] ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hwang, CA (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Andy.Hwang@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 74 IS 9 BP M522 EP M529 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01377.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 521XG UT WOS:000271959100033 PM 20492124 ER PT J AU Schemerhorn, BJ Crane, YM Morton, PK Aggarwal, R Benatti, T AF Schemerhorn, Brandon J. Crane, Yan M. Morton, Philip K. Aggarwal, Rajat Benatti, Thiago TI Localization and Characterization of 170 BAC-Derived Clones and Mapping of 94 Microsatellites in the Hessian Fly SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE BAC clone; FISH; Hessian fly; Mayetiola destructor; microsatellites; physical mapping ID MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR SAY; AVIRULENCE GENE VH13; SALIVARY-GLANDS; DNA-SEQUENCES; CHROMOSOME; MARKERS; MAP; CYTOGENETICS; DIPTERA; REGION AB Ninety-four microsatellites from enriched genomic libraries of Hessian fly (Hf, Mayetiola destructor [Say]) were localized to 170 cognate clones in an Hf bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. These microsatellite-positive BAC clones were physically mapped to polytene chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The mapped microsatellite loci can be used to study the genetic diversity and population structure of Hf. C1 [Schemerhorn, Brandon J.; Crane, Yan M.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Schemerhorn, BJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM bschemer@purdue.edu FU USDA CRIS Project [3602-22000-014D] FX USDA CRIS Project 3602-22000-014D. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 EI 1465-7333 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 100 IS 6 BP 790 EP 797 DI 10.1093/jhered/esp045 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 520CN UT WOS:000271817600014 PM 19592640 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP AF Kurtzman, Cletus Paul TI Biotechnological strains of Komagataella (Pichia) pastoris are Komagataella phaffii as determined from multigene sequence analysis SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pichia pastoris; Komagataella phaffii; Methanol yeasts; Gene expression system ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; YEASTS; NOV; SACCHAROMYCETACEAE; PSEUDOPASTORIS; HANSENULA; PROPOSAL; GENERA AB Pichia pastoris was reassigned earlier to the genus Komagataella following phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences. Since that time, two additional species of Komagataella have been described, K. pseudopastoris and K. phaffii. Because these three species are unlikely to be resolved from the standard fermentation and growth tests used in yeast taxonomy, the identity of biotechnologically important strains of K. pastoris was determined from multigene sequence analyses. Results from this study show that the strain of 'Pichia pastoris' commonly used in gene expression studies is actually K. phaffii. C1 ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cletus.kurtzman@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1435 EP 1438 DI 10.1007/s10295-009-0638-4 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 509AB UT WOS:000270982000014 PM 19760441 ER PT J AU Kohut, ML Sim, YJ Yu, S Yoon, KJ Loiacono, CM AF Kohut, Marian L. Sim, Young-Je Yu, Shan Yoon, Kyoungjin J. Loiacono, Christie M. TI Chronic Exercise Reduces Illness Severity, Decreases Viral Load, and Results in Greater Anti-Inflammatory Effects than Acute Exercise during Influenza Infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTION; VIRUS-INFECTION; PULMONARY INFECTION; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; MODERATE EXERCISE; DENDRITIC CELLS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MICE; EXPRESSION AB Background. It is assumed that moderate exercise may improve resistance to infection and reduce inflammation, but there are limited data to support this assumption in an infection model. Methods. BALB/cJ mice were assigned to the following groups: no exercise (NON-EX), 1 session of acute exercise (A-EX), or chronic exercise for similar to 3.5 months (C-EX). Mice were infected with influenza (C-EX mice infected at rest; A-EX mice infected 15 min after exercise). Results. C-EX mice demonstrated the lowest severity of infection, assessed by body weight loss and food intake. There was less virus in the lungs at day 5 after infection in C-EX and A-EX mice compared with NON-EX mice (P = .02) and less virus at day 2 after infection only in C-EX mice (P = .07). Soon after infection (day 2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were lower in C-EX and A-EX than in NON-EX mice. At day 5 after infection, the BAL fluid from C-EX (but not A-EX) mice had less IL-6, interleukin 12p40, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, keratinococyte-derived chemokine, and MCP-1 than that from NON-EX mice. A trend toward reduced immunopathologic response was found in C-EX mice. Conclusions. Chronic exercise resulted in reduced symptoms, virus load, and levels of inflammatory cytokine and chemokines. Acute exercise also showed some benefit, which was limited to the early phase of infection. C1 [Kohut, Marian L.; Sim, Young-Je; Yu, Shan] Iowa State Univ, Dept Immunobiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kohut, Marian L.; Sim, Young-Je; Yu, Shan] Iowa State Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Coll Human Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yoon, Kyoungjin J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet & Diagnost Anim Prod Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Loiacono, Christie M.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Kohut, ML (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Immunobiol, 246 Forker Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mkohut@iastate.edu FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01 AI059455-01] FX Financial support: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grant R01 AI059455-01). NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 200 IS 9 BP 1434 EP 1442 DI 10.1086/606014 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 504XY UT WOS:000270652800011 PM 19811098 ER PT J AU Aluja, M Ovruski, SM Guillen, L Orono, LE Sivinski, J AF Aluja, Martin Ovruski, Sergio M. Guillen, Larissa Orono, Luis E. Sivinski, John TI Comparison of the Host Searching and Oviposition Behaviors of the Tephritid (Diptera) Parasitoids Aganaspis pelleranoi and Odontosema anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae, Eucoilinae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Host-search behavior; oviposition; Aganaspis pelleranoi; Odontosema anastrephae; Figitidae; Tephritidae ID DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA HYMENOPTERA; COMPARATIVE FUNCTIONAL-APPROACH; LARVAL-PUPAL PARASITOIDS; FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; VOLATILE INFOCHEMICALS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; HABITAT LOCATION; COTESIA-FLAVIPES; BRACONIDAE AB We compared the host-searching and oviposition behaviors of two Neotropical figitid parasitoids (Hymenoptera) that exploit the same resource: ripe fruit infested by fruit fly larvae (Tephritidae) that have fallen to the ground. Sexually mature Aganaspis pelleranoi (BrSthes) and Odontosema anastrephae Borgmeier females were exposed individually, under no choice conditions, to four types of fruit: 1) Clean, intact guavas, Psidium guajava L. (no fruit fly larvae, no perforations); 2) clean, with artificial perforations; 3) artificially infested (with larvae), no perforations; 4) infested with artificial perforations. A behavioral transition matrix and sequence diagram of the following behaviors was constructed: walking on fruit, detection of larvae via the antennae, tarsi or aculeus, fruit perforation and penetration, and oviposition. Overall, we found that infested fruit (intact and with artificial perforations) elicited the most activity in the females of both species and that A. pelleranoi females exhibited a significantly more diverse behavioral repertoire (i.e., more transitions) and were significantly more active than O. anastrephae females. Females of both species penetrated the fruit in search of larvae by biting through the epi- and mesocarp, but O. anastrephae remained inside for significantly longer periods (up to eight hours). A. pelleranoi females used both their antennae and tarsi to detect larvae but the use of these structures varied depending on context: in infested fruit tarsi were used preferentially (usually while standing still) while in uninfested fruit, antennae were mainly used (usually while walking). In the case of O. anastrephae females the reverse pattern was usually observed with antennae most commonly used to detect larvae in infested fruit. We discuss our findings in light of their evolutionary, ecological and practical implications. C1 [Aluja, Martin; Guillen, Larissa] Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Ovruski, Sergio M.; Orono, Luis E.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, PROIMI Biotecnol, Div Control Biol Plagas, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Sivinski, John] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Aluja, M (reprint author), Inst Ecol AC, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. EM martin.aluja@inecol.edu.mx FU Mexican Campa a Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [SEP-2004-C01-46846]; United Status Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient ficas y Tecnicas de la Republica Argentina (CONICET) [02567/01, 5129/05]; CONACyT through a Sabbatical Year Fellowship [79449] FX We gratefully acknowledge the expert advice provided by Marissa Mora Acosta (Instituto de Ecolog a, A. C.) while running sequence and statistical analyses. We also thank Alberto Anzures-Dadda for his all-encompassing support during manuscript preparation. Main financial support for this study was furnished by the Mexican Campa a Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta (Secretar a de Agricultura, Ganader a, Desarrollo Rural y Pesca-Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura (SAGARPA-IICA), the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (Project CONACyT SEP-2004-C01-46846) and the United Status Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service). S. M. Ovruski and L. E. Orono also acknowledge financial support from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient ficas y Tecnicas de la Republica Argentina (CONICET) (grants PIP No. 02567/01, and No. 5129/05). S. M. Ovruski acknowledges a fellowship by the International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA) that allowed him to visit the Instituto de Ecolog a, A. C. and collaborate on this study. Finally, M. Aluja also acknowledges support from CONACyT through a Sabbatical Year Fellowship (Ref. 79449) and thanks Benno Graf and Jorg Samietz (Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Changins-W denswil ACW), for providing ideal working conditions to finish writing/revising this paper. NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 EI 1572-8889 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 22 IS 6 BP 423 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s10905-009-9182-3 PG 29 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 500SL UT WOS:000270324900001 ER PT J AU Niogret, J Lumaret, JP AF Niogret, J. Lumaret, J. P. TI Identification of the Cues Used in the Host Finding Behavior During the Phoretic Association Ceroptera rufitarsis (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) and Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Dung beetles; phoresy; Diptera; host-finding behavior; visual stimuli ID SCARABAEOIDEA COL COMMUNITIES; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA FLIES; BAITED PITFALL TRAPS; LOCATION; FLY; ACCEPTANCE; ACARI AB Ceroptera rufitarsis (Meigen) (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) is a tiny fly phoretic on several roller dung beetles of the genus Scarabaeus L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). We investigated the attractiveness of Scarabaeus sacer L. and S. cicatricosus Lucas both under field and laboratory conditions. Several cues potentially responsible for the host finding behavior were tested in order to determine the basis of attraction of Ceroptera rufitarsis to Scarabaeus beetles. Visual cues, especially host movements, constituted the main factor responsible for host finding behavior and host choice while chemical cues did not play any role in host discrimination. C1 [Niogret, J.; Lumaret, J. P.] Univ Montpellier 3, CEFE, Lab Zoogeographie, UMR 5175, F-34199 Montpellier 5, France. [Niogret, J.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Niogret, J (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 3, CEFE, Lab Zoogeographie, UMR 5175, 3 Route Mende, F-34199 Montpellier 5, France. EM jeromeniogret@yahoo.fr FU French Entomological Society FX This study was supported by the French Entomological Society (SEF; grant Germaine Cousin, Paris). The authors thank L. Papp (Hungarian Natural History Museum) and M. Martinez (INRA Montpellier, France) for Ceroptera species identification. We thank D. Ghaioule and N. Maatouf (National Center of Forestry of Morocco, DREF Rabat Agdal) for field assistance, S. Pla for technical help and anonymous referees whose comments were very useful. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 22 IS 6 BP 464 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s10905-009-9185-0 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 500SL UT WOS:000270324900003 ER PT J AU Carriere, Y Showalter, AM Fabrick, JA Sollome, J Ellers-Kirk, C Tabashnik, BE AF Carriere, Yves Showalter, Ann M. Fabrick, Jeff A. Sollome, James Ellers-Kirk, Christa Tabashnik, Bruce E. TI Cadherin gene expression and effects of Bt resistance on sperm transfer in pink bollworm SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; Bt resistance; Cadherin; Fitness costs; Pectinophora gossypiella; Sperm competition; Sperm transfer ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CROPS; FITNESS COSTS; INSECT RESISTANCE; LEPIDOPTERA; GELECHIIDAE; COTTON; CRY1AC; FERTILIZATION; ADAPTATION; RADIATION AB Cadherin proteins bind Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in lepidopteran midguts but their inherent function remains unclear. In pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, three recessive mutations in a cadherin gene (BtR) are tightly linked with resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac. Here we examined patterns of transcription of this gene and the association between cadherin genotype and sperm transfer in pink bollworm. Cadherin RNA was most abundant in larvae, but was also found in adults and embryos. In fourth instar larvae, cadherin RNA was most abundant in the gut, yet its presence in the testes indicates a potential role in sperm production. Previously, we found reduced first-male paternity in pink bollworm males homozygous for cadherin mutations conferring resistance to Bt, when a resistant and susceptible male competed for access to a female. However, the number of offspring sired by resistant and susceptible males was similar without competition. Male Lepidoptera produce both fertile eupyrene sperm and anucleate, non-fertile apyrene sperm, suggesting that apyrene sperm may contribute to male reproductive success when sperm competition occurs. Accordingly, we hypothesized that cadherin-based resistance to Bt entails fitness costs that reduce apyrene sperm transfer. To test this hypothesis, we compared apyrene and eupyrene sperm transfer in males from four strains of pink bollworm. Transfer of apyrene and eupyrene sperm was lower in homozygous resistant than in susceptible males. Furthermore, homozygous resistant males weighed less than susceptible males, which could have diminished sperm transfer by resistant males directly, or via a positive association between male weight, spermatophore weight and sperm transfer. While data suggest that cadherin mutations induced a recessive fitness cost affecting apyrene sperm transfer, these mutations also generated recessive costs that affected other traits and could have lowered first-male paternity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carriere, Yves; Showalter, Ann M.; Sollome, James; Ellers-Kirk, Christa; Tabashnik, Bruce E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fabrick, Jeff A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Carriere, Y (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, 1140 E S Campus Dr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ycarrier@ag.arizona.edu OI Showalter, Ann/0000-0002-4581-8282 FU USDA [2003-04371, 2006-35302-17365] FX This research was partly supported by USDA Agriculture Biotechnology Risk Assessment Research Grant 2003-04371 and USDA National Research Initiative Grant 2006-35302-17365. Mention of a commercial or proprietary product does not constitute a recommendation by the USDA. We thank Dawn Higginson and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 55 IS 11 BP 1058 EP 1064 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.07.013 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 511LB UT WOS:000271165400014 PM 19666026 ER PT J AU Marti, GA Echeverria, MG Susevich, ML Becnel, JJ Pelizza, SA Garcia, JJ AF Marti, Gerardo A. Echeverria, Maria G. Susevich, Maria L. Becnel, James J. Pelizza, Sebastian A. Garcia, Juan J. TI Prevalence and distribution of parasites and pathogens of Triatominae from Argentina, with emphasis on Triatoma infestans and Triatoma virus TrV SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Triatominae; Triatoma infestans; Triatoma virus; Blastocrithidia triatomae; Trypanosoma cruzi ID AL 1971 TRYPANOSOMATIDAE; CHAGAS-DISEASE VECTOR; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; REDUVIIDAE; HEMIPTERA; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; CERISOLA; RANGELI; HOST AB Chagas' disease is the most important endemic arthropod-zoonosis in Argentina with an estimated 1.6 million people infected with the causative agent Trypanosoma cruzi. Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas' disease in Argentina. A survey for parasites and pathogens of Triatominae was conducted from August 2002 to February 2005. Collections of insects were made in domiciles, peridomiciles, and in the natural habitats of the Triatominae. Insects from these collections were dissected and their organs and tissues examined for flagellates. Frass from these insects was collected and examined for detection of the entomopathogenic virus Triatoma virus (TrV) using AC-ELISA and PCR. Triatominae belonging to four species, T infestans (n = 1646), Triatoma guasayana (n = 4), Triatoma platensis (n = 1) and Triatoma sordida (n = 5) were collected from 62 sites located in 13 provinces of Argentina. Triatoma virus and two protozoan species, Blastocrithidia triatomae and T cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, were found infecting Triatominae. The total prevalence of TrV in 1646 T. infestans analyzed by ELISA was 9.66% (159/1646) from 7 to 13 provinces where collections were made. Triatoma virus positive triatomines were found in 17 of 62 populations when examined by AC-ELISA but in 38 of 62 populations when PCR was used for detection. The prevalence of B. triatomae in T. infestans was 0.43% (7/1646), while the prevalence of T. cruzi was 1.3% (21/1646). This is the first study on the diversity, distribution and prevalence of flagellated protozoa and TrV of Triatominae in endemic Chagas' disease regions of Argentina. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Marti, Gerardo A.; Susevich, Maria L.; Pelizza, Sebastian A.; Garcia, Juan J.] Natl Univ La Plata, CEPAVE, CCT La Plata, CONICET, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. [Marti, Gerardo A.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, CRILAR, Ctr Reg Invest Cient & Transferencias Tecnol, La Rioja, Argentina. [Becnel, James J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Echeverria, Maria G.] Natl Univ La Plata, Catedra Virol, Fac Ciencias Vet, CONICET, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. RP Marti, GA (reprint author), Natl Univ La Plata, CEPAVE, CCT La Plata, CONICET, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. EM gmarti@cepave.edu.ar FU CONICET; CICPBA; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientcifica y Tecnica, Argentina [32618/05]; University of La Plata; National and Provincial Services of Chagas Diseases FX This study was partially supported by CONICET, CICPBA, Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientcifica y Tecnica, Argentina (PICT No. 32618/05), University of La Plata, and National and Provincial Services of Chagas Diseases. To all personal of Chair of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.010 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 518IH UT WOS:000271684100007 PM 19660466 ER PT J AU Stanley, DW Shapiro, M AF Stanley, David W. Shapiro, Martin TI Eicosanoids influence insect susceptibility to nucleopolyhedroviruses SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis; Baculovirus; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Insect immunity ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; BACULOVIRUS INFECTION; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; VIRAL-INFECTION; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; PROSTAGLANDINS; REPLICATION; IMMUNITY; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION AB Nine pharmaceutical inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis (e.g., bromophenacyl bromide, clotrimazole, diclofenamic acid, esculetin, flufenamic acid, indomethacin, nimesulide, sulindac, tolfenamic acid) that increased the susceptibility of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), to the nucleopolyhedrovirus LdMNPV were tested against the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) and their respective NPVs to determine whether these Compounds also alter the susceptibility of these insects. The susceptibility of the beet armyworm was increased by six inhibitors (bromophenacyl bromide, clotrimazole, diclofenic acid, esculetin, flufenamic acid, nimesulide). The Susceptibility of the fall armyworm was increased by seven inhibitors, (bromophenacyl bromide, diclofenamic acid, esculetin, indomethacin, nimesulide, sulindac, tolfenamic acid), whereas the Susceptibility of the corn earworm was increased by only one inhibitor (sulindac). The influence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin was expressed in a concentration-related manner in beet armyworms. We infer from these findings that eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and lipoxygenase products, act in insect anti-viral defenses. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Stanley, David W.; Shapiro, Martin] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Shapiro, Martin] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shapiro, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 102 IS 3 BP 245 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2009.09.002 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 518IH UT WOS:000271684100009 PM 19761772 ER PT J AU Nejadhashemi, AP Shirmohammadi, A Sheridan, JM Montas, HJ Mankin, KR AF Nejadhashemi, Amir P. Shirmohammadi, Adel Sheridan, Joseph M. Montas, Hubert J. Mankin, Kyle R. TI Case Study: Evaluation of Streamflow Partitioning Methods SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BASEFLOW SEPARATION; HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; WATER; RECESSION; RUNOFF; FLOW; RECHARGE; MODEL AB Understanding water flow and its relative quantities through different pathways is vital for watershed management. Like many problems in hydrology, numbers of methods have been proposed for streamflow partitioning. Five methods were identified as being the most relevant and least input intensive. This study tested performance of these methods against separately measured surface and subsurface flow data from the coastal plain physiographic region of the southeastern United States. Separately measured surface and subsurface flow were collected for 12 years (1970-1981) in a field scale watershed by the Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service. Results of comparative analysis indicated that Method IV performed the best. Results also indicated that accuracy of this method is highly dependent upon the proper estimation of the "fraction coefficient" that is based on many physical and hydrologic characteristics of the watershed. This study concluded that deterministic/empirical methods such as Boughton's Method IV, require proper parameter value for increased accuracy. C1 [Nejadhashemi, Amir P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Shirmohammadi, Adel; Montas, Hubert J.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sheridan, Joseph M.] USDA ARS SEWRL, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Mankin, Kyle R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Nejadhashemi, AP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM pouyan@msu.edu; ashirmo@umd.edu; sheridan@ars.usda.gov; montas@umd.edu; kamankin@ksu.edu RI Nejadhashemi, A Pouyan/G-3505-2012 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 135 IS 6 BP 791 EP 801 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000093 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 521IC UT WOS:000271913200009 ER PT J AU Shen, WJ Patel, S Miyoshi, H Greenberg, AS Kraemer, FB AF Shen, Wen-Jun Patel, Shailja Miyoshi, Hideaki Greenberg, Andrew S. Kraemer, Fredric B. TI Functional interaction of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin in lipolysis SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE translocation; lipid droplet; adipocyte ID ADIPOSE TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE; CHANARIN-DORFMAN-SYNDROME; A-STIMULATED LIPOLYSIS; LIPID-BINDING PROTEIN; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; MEDIATED LIPOLYSIS; TRANSLOCATION; DROPLETS; OBESITY AB Adipocyte lipolysis is controlled by complex interactions of lipases, cofactors, and structural proteins associated with lipid droplets. Perilipin (Plin) A is a major droplet-associated protein that functions as a scaffold, both suppressing basal and facilitating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-stimulated lipolysis. Plin is required for the translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) from the cytosol to lipid droplets upon stimulation. In these studies, we provide direct evidence for a physical interaction of HSL with Plin. By coexpressing HSL with truncation mutations of Plin, we demonstrate using coimmunoprecipitation that HSL can interact with an N-terminal region located between amino acids 141 and 200 of Plin A as well as with a C-terminal region located between amino acids 406 and 480. The N-terminal construct, Plin 1-200, which does not associate with lipid droplets but interacts with HSL, can function as a dominant negative for PKA-stimulated lipolysis. Using confocal microscopy of Plin truncations, we demonstrate that sequences between amino acids 463 and 517 may be important for or participate in lipid targeting. The results suggest the translocation of HSL to the lipid droplet occurs by virtue of Plin localization to the surface of lipid droplets and a physical interaction of HSL occurring with sequences within the N-terminal region of Plin. Shen, W-J., S. Patel, H. Miyoshi, A. S. Greenberg, and F. B. Kraemer. Functional interaction of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin in lipolysis. J. Lipid Res. 2009.50:2306-2313. C1 [Miyoshi, Hideaki; Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Shen, Wen-Jun; Patel, Shailja; Kraemer, Fredric B.] Stanford Univ, Div Endocrinol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Shen, Wen-Jun; Patel, Shailja; Kraemer, Fredric B.] VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Greenberg, AS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu; fbk@stanford.edu RI MIYOSHI, HIDEAKI/G-3971-2012 FU Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs; National Institutes of Health [AG-028908, DK-50647]; USDA Research Service Co-Operative Agreement [58 1950-4-401] FX This work was supported in part by the Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs and National Institutes of Health Grant AG-028908 (to F. B. K.), National Institutes of Health Grant DK-50647, and USDA Research Service Co-Operative Agreement 58 1950-4-401 (to A.S.G.). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health, the VA, or the USDA. NR 35 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 50 IS 11 BP 2306 EP 2313 DI 10.1194/jlr.M900176-JLR200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 507NJ UT WOS:000270860900020 PM 19515989 ER PT J AU Mertins, JW Hanson, BA Corn, JL AF Mertins, James W. Hanson, Britta A. Corn, Joseph L. TI Whartonacarus floridensis sp nov (Acari: Trombiculidae), With a Taxonomic Review and the First Record of Whartonacarus Chiggers in the Continental United States SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Whartonacarus floridensis sp nov.; Longisetacarus gen. nov.; Amblyomma variegatum; chiggers; cattle egret ID POTENTIAL ROLE; IXODIDAE; ISLANDS; TICKS AB Among several unusual species collected during surveillance of ectoparasites on wildlife hosts in the southeastern United States and Caribbean Region, the larvae of a new species of Whartonacarus were encountered in 2003 on a cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis (L.), in the Florida Keys. This is the first record for a member of Whartonacarus in the continental United States. The mite is described and named as Whartonacarus floridensis Mertins, and the possible significance of this discovery with respect to the "tropical bont tick," Amblyomma variegatum (F.), is discussed. A brief taxonomic review of Whartonacarus raises questions about the putative synonymy of Whartonacarus nativitatis (Hoffmann) and Whartonacarus thompsoni (Brennan) and suggests that Whartonacarus shiraii (Sasa et al.) may include two distinct taxa. Whartonacarus is redefined, and a revised key to the known taxa is provided. Toritrombicula occanica Brennan & Amerson is placed in the genus Whartonacarus. Also, Whartonacarus palenquensis (Hoffman) is rejected as a member of this genus and placed in its own new genus, Longisetacarus Mertins. C1 [Mertins, James W.] Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Hanson, Britta A.; Corn, Joseph L.] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mertins, JW (reprint author), Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, 1800 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services; Biological Resources Division; U.S. Geological Survey; [0591130808CA]; [06ERAG0005]; [0696130032CA] FX We thank Larry Seal and Jeff Alfred for technical assistance in the field and laboratory, respectively, and our thanks go to Wildlife Rescue of the Florida Keys for access to specimens and use of facilities. Kett Holscher read and Usefully commented on a draft of the manuscript. Primary funding for this project was provided through Cooperative Agreement 0591130808CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services. Additional funds were provided through sponsorship from the fish and wildlife agencies of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia; through the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stitt. 917) and Grant Agreement 06ERAG0005, Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior; and through Cooperative Agreement 0696130032CA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1260 EP 1268 DI 10.1603/033.046.0603 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 517CW UT WOS:000271591800003 PM 19960669 ER PT J AU Lohmeyer, KH Pound, JM George, JE AF Lohmeyer, K. H. Pound, J. M. George, J. E. TI Effects of Photoperiod on Reproduction, Nymphal Developmental Timing, and Diapause in Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arachnida; Gulf Coast tick; ecdysis ID GULF-COAST TICK; AMERICANUM ACARI; OKLAHOMA; HUMIDITY AB Female engorgement weight, oviposition, and molting times of larvae and nymphs of Amblyomma maculatum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) were studied at various photoperiods under constant humidity and temperature in the laboratory. Ticks were held at photoperiods of 0:24, 10:14, 12:12, or 14:10 (L:D) h from egg through unfed nymphal stage and then at either the same or a different regime from fed nymphs to adults. No significant effects were observed oil oviposition, female engorgement weights, survival, or molting time to unfed nymphs. Nymphal molting times were significantly shorter at the short-day regime (10:14) during the larval stage and 12:12 during the nymphal stage compared with those held at either 14:10 during both life periods or at 0:24 during both life periods. Longer molting times also were observed in ticks held at 12:12 during the larval phase and either 10:14, 12:12, or 0:24 during the nymphal phase compared with 14: 10 during both life periods or 0:24 during both life periods. Ticks held at 10:14 during the larval phase and at 0:24 or 10: 14 had longer molting times compared with those it 14:10 or 0:24 during both life periods. No differences in survival to either nymphal or adult stages were observed at any regime, and at day 25 110 individuals were observed to be in developmental diapause. This study demonstrates that developmental diapause does not seem to be photoperiodically induced in fed nymphal A. maculatum in the laboratory. C1 [Lohmeyer, K. H.; Pound, J. M.; George, J. E.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Lohmeyer, KH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kim.lohmeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1299 EP 1302 DI 10.1603/033.046.0607 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 517CW UT WOS:000271591800007 PM 19960673 ER PT J AU Temeyer, KB Olafson, PU Miller, RJ AF Temeyer, Kevin B. Olafson, Pia U. Miller, Robert J. TI Genotyping Mutations in BmAChE3: A Survey of Organophosphate-Resistant and -Susceptible Strains of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organophosphate; cattle fever tick; acaricide resistance; acetylcholinesterase; Acari ID PUTATIVE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE CDNA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; CATTLE TICK; ACARI; IXODIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; COUMAPHOS; INSENSITIVITY; POPULATIONS; EXPRESSION AB Mutations 148L, 154V, R86Q, V137I, 1492M, and T548A were identified previously in BmAChE3, a gene encoding acetylcholinesterase, from the organophosphate (OP) acaricide-resistant San Roman strain of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Recombinant BmAChE3 acetylcholinesterase containing the R86Q mutation was shown to exhibit nearly 20-fold reduction in the rate of phosphorylation by paraoxon relative to the wild-type sequence. In addition, the R86Q mutation was present in resistant laboratory strains at elevated frequency compared with OP-susceptible strains but was insufficient to alone generate the OP-resistant phenotype (J. Med. Entomol. 44: 1013-1018). Here, we developed assays to genotype the remaining five mutations and evaluated frequency of all six BmAChE3 mutations in individual R. micropha ticks from laboratory and Mexican field-collected strains. We found a substantial number of individuals in known OP-susceptible strains that seemed to be homozygous for each of the mutations surveyed, the exception being 148L, which was infrequent in all strains, leading us to conclude that none of the mutations alone were responsible for generation of phenotypic resistance to OP acaricide. C1 [Temeyer, Kevin B.; Olafson, Pia U.; Miller, Robert J.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Temeyer, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM kevin.temeyer@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1355 EP 1360 DI 10.1603/033.046.0614 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 517CW UT WOS:000271591800014 PM 19960680 ER PT J AU Zhao, LM Pridgeon, JW Becnel, JJ Clark, GG Linthicum, KJ AF Zhao, Liming Pridgeon, Julia W. Becnel, James J. Clark, Gary G. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Mitochondrial Gene Cytochrome b Developmental and Environmental Expression in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytochrome b; Aedes aegypti; development; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; permethrin ID VECTOR ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; DOMAIN MOVEMENT; BC(1) COMPLEX; FEMALE-ADULTS; MOSQUITO; QUINQUEFASCIATUS; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE AB Cytochrome b, coded by mitochondrial DNA, is one of the cytochromes involved in electron transport in the respiratory chain of mitochondria. Cytochrome b is a critical intermediate in a mitochondrial death pathway, To reveal whether cytochrome b of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) (AeaCytB) is developmentally regulated, we used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to examine AeaCytB gene expression levels in different developmental stages of Ae. aegypti. The qPCR showed that AeaCytB was expressed in each developmental stage, with peaks at first and second instars and was highly expressed in teneral male and female Ae. aegypti adults. Because mitochondrial genes exist as multiple copies, AeaCytB has much higher expression levels in all developmental stages in Ae. aegypti compared with nuclear genes. We also investigated the effect of abiotic environmental factors (e.g., high temperatures, ultraviolet radiation, and pesticide) on AeaCytB gene expression. Taken together, these results suggest that AeaCytB gene plays an important role in the development of Ae. aegypti and its response to environmental stress. C1 [Zhao, Liming; Pridgeon, Julia W.; Becnel, James J.; Clark, Gary G.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Zhao, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM liming.zhao@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board FX We thank Neil Sanscrainte, Lynn Jefferson, Heather Furlong, Sandra A. Allan, and Nathan Newton (USDA-ARS) for helpful support. We also thank Drs. Steven M. Valles (USDA-ARS) and Lei Zhou (University of Florida) for critical reviews of the manuscript. The Current study was supported by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1361 EP 1369 DI 10.1603/033.046.0615 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 517CW UT WOS:000271591800015 PM 19960681 ER PT J AU Corn, JL Berger, P Mertins, JW AF Corn, Joseph L. Berger, Patrick Mertins, James W. TI Surveys for Ectoparasites on Wildlife Associated With Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae)-Infested Livestock in St. Croix, US Virgin Islands SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma variegatum; wildlife; ectoparasites; St. Croix ID FRENCH-WEST-INDIES; ERADICATION PROGRAM; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; PUERTO-RICO; TICKS ACARI; IXODIDAE; GUADELOUPE; HEARTWATER; CATTLE AB Surveys in 2001, 2005, and 2006 attempted to determine the role of wildlife in maintenance and dissemination of the tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum (F.) (Acari: Ixodidae), in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Small mammals; birds; white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann); and feral cattle, Bos taurus L., were examined at nine premises, in mountainous rain forest, and in surrounding areas in western St. Croix, an area including and central to all known bont tick-infested premises on the island. Small Asian mongooses, Herpestes javanicus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire), yielded 1,566 ectoparasite specimens, representing five species, and including larvae of a soft tick, Carios puertoricensis (Fox); the tropical horse tick, Anocentor nitens (Neumann); and the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini). Black rats, Rattus rattus L., yielded 144 specimens, representing six ectoparasite species, including C. puertoricensis. Of 25 bird species examined, seven yielded 116 ectoparasite specimens representing at least 14 different species of lice and mites, but no ticks. White-tailed deer and feral cattle yielded only various stages of A. nitens and R. microplus ticks. A. variegatum was not encountered on any potential wildlife host sampled, reflecting its low occurrence in St. Croix during the survey period. One collection of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from a spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularia (L.), and collections of feather mites (Acari: Astigmata: Trouessartiidae) from both bananaquits, Coereba flaveola (L.), and black-faced grassquits, Tiaris bicolor (L.), may represent new, undescribed species. C1 [Corn, Joseph L.] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Berger, Patrick] Vet Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, St Croix, VI 00850 USA. [Mertins, James W.] Vet Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Corn, JL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jcorn@uga.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-6205-5-0010]; USDA-APHIS [0196130032CA]; Alabama; Arkansas; Florida; Georgia; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maryland; Tennessee; Virginia; West Virginia; Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act [06ERAG0005]; Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior [0596130032CA, 0696130032CA, 0796130032CA] FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of D. Deller, M. Borri-Diaz, N. Mechlin, A. Freedman, D. Kavanaugh, R. Ponce, C. Lang, R. Berg, R. Brady, W. Coles, C. Niebuhr, C. Okraska, B. Hamrick, B. Hanson, B. Chandler, and G. Howell. Funding for this project was provided through USDA-ARS cooperative agreement 58-6205-5-0010 and USDA-APHIS cooperative agreement 0196130032CA. Additional funds were provided through sponsorship from the Fish and Wildlife agencies of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia; through the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917) and grant agreement 06ERAG0005. Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior; and through cooperative agreements 0596130032CA, 0696130032CA, and 0796130032CA, USDA-APHIS-VS. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1483 EP 1489 DI 10.1603/033.046.0635 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 517CW UT WOS:000271591800035 PM 19960701 ER PT J AU Obenauer, PJ Kaufman, PE Allan, SA Kline, DL AF Obenauer, P. J. Kaufman, P. E. Allan, S. A. Kline, D. L. TI Infusion-Baited Ovitraps to Survey Ovipositional Height Preferences of Container-Inhabiting Mosquitoes in Two Florida Habitats SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; Aedes triseriatus; Orthopodomyia signifera; traps; surveillance ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS DIPTERA; COMPOUNDS MEDIATING OVIPOSITION; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; TRISERIATUS SAY; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; CULICIDAE; AEGYPTI; HENDERSONI; RESPONSES AB To ascertain mosquito species-specific oviposition height Preferences, a study was conducted evaluating the response of field populations of container-inhabiting mosquitoes to water, oak (Quercus spp.), or oak-pine (Pinus spp.) infusion-baited ovitraps in four suburban and four sylvatic habitats in north central Florida. In total, 48 ovitraps, 24 Suspended at each height of I or 6 in (near the ground or tree canopy, respectively), were monitored weekly for 5 mo. Throughout our Study, we collected 13,276 mosquito eggs, representing five species from four genera, the most common being Aedes triseriatus (Say), Aedes albopictus Skuse, and Orthopodomyia signifera (Coquillett). Significantly more Ae. triseriatus and Ae. albopictus eggs were oviposited in containers with oak and oak-pine infusions compared with water alone. Significantly more Ae. albopictus eggs were recovered from traps at 1 min suburban habitats, whereas more Ae. triseriatus eggs were recovered at 6 in in sylvatic habitats. C1 [Obenauer, P. J.; Kaufman, P. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Allan, S. A.; Kline, D. L.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Obenauer, PJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620,Bldg 970,Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pjobcn@ufl.edu FU University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station federal formula funds [FLA-04598]; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We thank the residential landowners that allowed us to conduct research on their property and the staff at San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Park. We are grateful to Amanda Kushner and Phil Lounibos for assistance with mosquito egg identification. We thank C. A. Stoops and J. Dunford for a critical review of this manuscript. This study was supported by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station federal formula funds, Project FLA-04598, received from Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1507 EP 1513 DI 10.1603/033.046.0639 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 517CW UT WOS:000271591800039 PM 19960705 ER PT J AU Phillips, CM Goumidi, L Bertrais, S Field, MR Peloso, GM Shen, J McManus, R Hercberg, S Lairon, D Planells, R Roche, HM AF Phillips, Catherine M. Goumidi, Louisa Bertrais, Sandrine Field, Martyn R. Peloso, Gina M. Shen, Jian McManus, Ross Hercberg, Serge Lairon, Denis Planells, Richard Roche, Helen M. TI Dietary Saturated Fat Modulates the Association between STAT3 Polymorphisms and Abdominal Obesity in Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC SYNDROME; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCER; ACID-COMPOSITION; NATIONAL-HEART; BODY-WEIGHT; JAK-STAT; IN-VIVO; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION AB Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a key role in body weight regulation and glucose homeostasis, 2 important determinants of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary fat is a key environmental factor that may interact with genotype to affect MetS risk. In this study, we investigated the relationship between STAT3 polymorphisms and MetS phenotypes and determined potential interactions with dietary fatty acids. STAT3 polymorphisms (rs8069645, rs744166, rs2306580, rs2293152, and rs10530050), biochemical measurements, and dietary fat composition were determined in the LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX study of MetS cases and matched controls (n = 1754), STAT3 polymorphisms were not associated with MetS risk. However, minor G allele carriers for rs8069645, rs744166, and rs1053005 and major GG homozygotes for rs2293152 had increased risk of abdominal obesity compared with noncarriers [odds ratio (OR) = 2.22, P = 0.0005; OR = 2.08, P = 0.0017; OR = 2.00, P = 0.0033; and OR = 1.95, P= 0.028, respectively]. The number of risk alleles additively increased obesity risk (P = 0.0003). Dietary SFA intake exacerbated these effects; among all participants with the highest SFA intake (>= 5.5% of energy), individuals carrying >2 risk alleles had further increased risk of obesity (OR = 3.30; 95% Cl = 1.50-7.28; P = 0.0079) compared with those carrying !;l risk allele. Interaction analysis confirmed this gene-nutrient interaction whereby increasing SFA intake was predictive of increased waist circumference (P = 0.038). In conclusion, STAT3 gene polymorphisms influenced the risk of abdominal obesity, which is modulated by dietary SFA intake, suggesting novel gene-nutrient interactions. J. Nutr. 139: 2011-2017, 2009. C1 [Phillips, Catherine M.; Roche, Helen M.] Univ Coll Dublin, Univ Coll Dublin Conway Inst, Nutrigenom Res Grp, Sch Publ Hlth & Populat Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Goumidi, Louisa; Lairon, Denis; Planells, Richard] Univ Aix Marseille 2, INSERM 476, Inst Natl Rech Agron 1260, Fac Med, F-13385 Marseille 05, France. [Bertrais, Sandrine; Hercberg, Serge] Univ Paris 13, INSERM, U557, Inst Natl Rech Agron, F-93017 Bobigny, France. [Field, Martyn R.] Hitachi Dublin Lab, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Peloso, Gina M.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Shen, Jian] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [McManus, Ross] Trinity Coll Dublin, Inst Mol Med, Dublin 8, Ireland. RP Roche, HM (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Univ Coll Dublin Conway Inst, Nutrigenom Res Grp, Sch Publ Hlth & Populat Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM helen.roche@ucd.ie RI Phillips, Catherine/E-4412-2013; OI McManus, Ross/0000-0002-0529-9617 FU European Commission, Framework Programme 6 (LIPGENE) [FOOD-CT-2003-505944] FX Supported by the European Commission, Framework Programme 6 (LIPGENE) contract number FOOD-CT-2003-505944. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 139 IS 11 BP 2011 EP 2017 DI 10.3945/jn.109.110635 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 509WS UT WOS:000271050600001 PM 19776189 ER PT J AU Yasuda, K Dawson, HD Wasmuth, EV Roneker, CA Chen, C Urban, JE Welch, RM Miller, DD Lei, XG AF Yasuda, Koji Dawson, Harry D. Wasmuth, Elizabeth V. Roneker, Carol A. Chen, Celine Urban, Joseph E. Welch, Ross M. Miller, Dennis D. Lei, Xin Gen TI Supplemental Dietary Inulin Influences Expression of Iron and Inflammation Related Genes in Young Pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TRANSFERRIN-RECEPTOR; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITIES; FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; GROWING PIGS; OLIGOFRUCTOSE; RATS; PROTEIN; FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES; METABOLISM AB We have previously shown improved hemoglobin (Hb) repletion efficiency by supplementing a 50:50 mixture of short (P95) and long-chain (HP) inulin (Synergy 1, BENEO-Orafti) into a corn-soybean meal-basal diet (BD) for young pigs. In this study, weanling pigs (5 or 6 wk old) were fed the BD or the BID + 4% of P95, HP, or Synergy 1 (50:50 mixtures of HP and P95) for 5-7 wk. Blood Hb concentrations of pigs were measured weekly and digesta samples were collected at the end of the trial. In a replicate experiment, total RNA was isolated from the liver and mucosa of duodenum, ileum, cecum, and colon of all pigs at the end of the trial. Relative mRNA expression of 27 genes, including iron and inflammation-related genes, was quantified using real-time quantitative-PCR. Although all 3 types of inulin resulted in similar improvements (P<0.05) in blood Hb concentration and liver ferritin protein amount, neither type of inulin was detectable in the digesta of cecum or colon. Supplemental inulin enhanced the expression of iron-storing protein genes but decreased that of inflammation-related genes. Such effects were more pronounced (P<0.05) in the mucosa of the lower than the upper gut and were seen on 7 genes in liver. In conclusion, all 3 types of inulin shared similar efficacy and possibly similar modes of action in improving dietary iron utilization by young pigs. Suppressing inflammation-induced genes that can negatively influence iron metabolism might help explain the benefit of inulin. J. Nutr. 139: 2018-2023, 2009. C1 [Yasuda, Koji; Wasmuth, Elizabeth V.; Roneker, Carol A.; Lei, Xin Gen] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Welch, Ross M.] Cornell Univ, USDA, ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Miller, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Dawson, Harry D.; Chen, Celine; Urban, Joseph E.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lei, XG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM XL20@cornell.edu RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013; OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU Harvest-Plus, International Food Policy Research Institute; Centro International Agriculture Tropical and BENEO-Orafti (Tienen, Belgium) FX Supported in part by a grant from Harvest-Plus, International Food Policy Research Institute and Centro International Agriculture Tropical and BENEO-Orafti (Tienen, Belgium). Mention of a trademark, proprietary product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the United States Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 139 IS 11 BP 2018 EP 2023 DI 10.3945/jn.109.110528 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 509WS UT WOS:000271050600002 PM 19776179 ER PT J AU Cullen, KW Smalling, AL Thompson, D Watson, KB Reed, D Konzelmann, K AF Cullen, Karen Weber Smalling, Agueda Lara Thompson, Debbe Watson, Kathleen B. Reed, Debra Konzelmann, Karen TI Creating Healthful Home Food Environments: Results of a Study with Participants in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP); intervention; obesity prevention; home food environments; parenting skills ID DIETARY ENERGY DENSITY; WEIGHT-LOSS; LOW-INCOME; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; HIP-HOP; PARENTS; OVERWEIGHT; FRUIT AB Objective: To evaluate a modified curriculum for the 6-session Texas Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) promoting healthful home food environments and parenting skills related to obesity prevention. Design: Two-group randomized control trial; intervention versus usual EFNEP curriculum. Setting: Texas EFNEP classes. Participants: 1,104 EFNEP clients in 100 classes. Intervention: Six short videos, with goal setting, problem solving, guided discussion, and handouts, incorporated into existing EFNEP classes. Main Outcome Measures: Body mass index (BMI), diet, psychosocial variables with baseline measurements, immediately post, and 4 months later. Analysis: Mixed-model repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: 100 classes were randomized (54 intervention/46 comparison), with 1,006 participants at baseline (582 intervention, 424 comparison, 97%) women, 89%, Hispanic). Significant improvements over time were found for both groups' consumption of most food items and nutrients, and nearly all psychosocial variables, regardless of study group. Only the intervention group had a significant BMI decrease at post. Fidelity to the intervention class session structure was high, and comments from intervention staff and clients were positive. Conclusion and Implications: Existing EFNEP programs in local communities could have a significant impact on family dietary behaviors for populations at risk of obesity. Replication with similar populations is warranted. C1 [Cullen, Karen Weber; Smalling, Agueda Lara; Thompson, Debbe; Watson, Kathleen B.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Reed, Debra] Texas Tech Univ, Coll Human Sci, Dept Nutr Hosp & Retailing, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Konzelmann, Karen] Organizat & Educ Consultant, Pearland, TX USA. RP Cullen, KW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kcullen@bcm.tmc.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2004-35215-14225]; USDA/ARS [143-3AEL-2-80121, 58-6250-6001] FX This work is a publication of the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number # 2004-35215-14225 (to Dr. Cullen). This project has also been funded in part by federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreements No. 143-3AEL-2-80121 and 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program agents, assistants, and associates of the Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas A&M System who assisted in the delivery and evaluation on this intervention. NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 EI 1878-2620 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 6 BP 380 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2008.12.007 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 519OI UT WOS:000271776000003 PM 19879493 ER PT J AU Qin, BL Polansky, MM Sato, Y Adeli, K Anderson, RA AF Qin, Bolin Polansky, Marilyn M. Sato, Yuzo Adeli, Khosrow Anderson, Richard A. TI Cinnamon extract inhibits the postprandial overproduction of apolipoprotein B48-containing lipoproteins in fructose-fed animals SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cinnamon Extract; Postprandial apob-48; Intestinal Insulin Signaling ID TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSFER PROTEIN; INTESTINAL INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN-1C; REMNANT LIPOPROTEINS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; DIABETES-MELLITUS; IMPROVES GLUCOSE; FED HAMSTER; SECRETION; TYPE-2 AB We have reported previously that a cinnamon extract (CE), high in type A polyphenols, prevents fructose feeding-induced decreases in insulin sensitivity and suggested that improvements of insulin sensitivity by CE were attributable, in part, to enhanced insulin signaling. In this study, we examined the effects of CE on postprandial apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 increase in fructose-fed rats, and the secretion of apoB48 in freshly isolated intestinal enterocytes of fructose-fed hamsters. In ail olive oil loading Study, a water-soluble CE (Cinnulin PF, 50 mg/kg body weight, orally) decreased scruin triglyceride (TG) levels and the over production of total- and TG-rich lipoprotein-apoB48. In ex vivo S-35 labeling Study, significant decreases were also observed in apoB48 secretion into the media in enterocytes isolated from fructose-Fed hamsters. We also investigated the Molecular mechanisms of the effects of CE oil the expression of genes of the insulin signaling pathway [insulin receptor (IR), IR substrate (IRS)I, IRS2 and Akt1], and lipoprotein metabolism [microsomal TG transfer protein (MTP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP1c) in isolated primary enterocytes of fructose-fed barristers, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The CE reversed the expression of the impaired IR, IRS1, IRS2 and Akt1 mRNA levels and inhibited the overexpression of MTP and SREBP1c mRNA levels of enterocytes. Taken together, Our data suggest that the postprandial hypertriglycerides and the overproduction of apoB48 call be acutely inhibited by a CE by a mechanism involving improvements of insulin sensitivity of intestinal enterocytes and regulation of MTP and SREBP1c levels. We present both in vivo and ex vivo evidence that a CE improves the postprandial overproduction of intestinal apoB48-containing lipoproteins by ameliorating intestinal insulin resistance and may be beneficial in the control of lipid metabolism. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Qin, Bolin] ARS, USDA, BHNRC, DGIL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sato, Yuzo] Aichi Gakuin Univ, Fac Psychol & Phys Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Nisshin 4700195, Japan. [Adeli, Khosrow] Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. [Qin, Bolin] Integr Nutraceut Int, Springhill, TN 37174 USA. RP Qin, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BHNRC, DGIL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bolin.qin@ars.usda.gov; richard.anderson@ars.usda.gov FU Integrity Nutraceuticals International; USDA [58-3K95-7-1184] FX The project was supported by Integrity Nutraceuticals International and USDA'S CRADA NO. 58-3K95-7-1184. We would like to thank Dr. Dawson Harry for the valuable support and Dr. Joseph F. Urban, Jr., and Dr. Allison A. Yates for critically reading the manuscript. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 EI 1873-4847 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 11 BP 901 EP 908 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.08.005 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 510RF UT WOS:000271107900009 PM 18993048 ER PT J AU Groessl, EJ Kaplan, RM Blair, SN Rejeski, WJ Katula, JA King, AC Fielding, RA Glynn, NW Pahor, M AF Groessl, Erik J. Kaplan, Robert M. Blair, Steven N. Rejeski, W. Jack Katula, Jeffrey A. King, Abby C. Fielding, Roger A. Glynn, Nancy W. Pahor, Marco TI A Cost Analysis of a Physical Activity Intervention for Older Adults SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE aging; health behavior; physical activity; interventions ID LIFE-STYLE INTERVENTIONS; LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION; EXERCISE; DISABILITY; INDEPENDENCE; PERFORMANCE; MOBILITY; PREVENTION; ARTHRITIS; THERAPY AB We examined the costs of a physical activity (PA) and an educational comparison intervention. 424 older adults at risk for mobility disability were randomly assigned to either condition. The PA program consisted of center-based exercise sessions 3x weekly for 8 weeks, 2x weekly for weeks 9 to 24 and weekly behavioral counseling for 10 weeks. Optional sessions were offered during maintenance weeks (25-52). The comparison intervention consisted of weekly education meetings for 24 weeks, and then monthly for 6 months. Cost analyses were conducted from the "payer's" perspective, with a I-year time horizon. Intervention costs were estimated by tracking personnel activities and materials used for each intervention and multiplying by national unit cost averages. The average cost/participant was $1134 and $175 for the PA and the comparison interventions, respectively. A preliminary cost/effectiveness analysis gauged the cost/disability avoided to be $28,206. Costs for this PA program for older adults are comparable to those of other PA interventions. The results are preliminary and a longer study is required to fully assess the costs and health benefits of these interventions. C1 [Groessl, Erik J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Kaplan, Robert M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Blair, Steven N.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Rejeski, W. Jack; Katula, Jeffrey A.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Hlth & Exercise Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [King, Abby C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Hlth Res & Policy & Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Glynn, Nancy W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Pahor, Marco] Univ Florida, Dept Aging & Geriatr Res, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Groessl, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RI Katula, Jeffrey/K-5905-2013; OI Glynn, Nancy/0000-0003-2265-0162 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR000064]; NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR029890]; NIA NIH HHS [U01 AG22376, P30 AG028740, U01 AG022376, U01 AG022376-01] NR 26 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD NOV PY 2009 VL 6 IS 6 BP 767 EP 774 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 662VJ UT WOS:000282842100012 PM 20101920 ER PT J AU Feng, J Garrett, WM Naiman, DQ Cooper, B AF Feng, Jian Garrett, Wesley M. Naiman, Daniel Q. Cooper, Bret TI Correlation of Multiple Peptide Mass Spectra for Phosphoprotein Identification SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phosphorylation; phosphopeptide; neutral loss; MS(3) ID PHOSPHOPEPTIDE IDENTIFICATIONS; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; SPECTROMETRY DATA; AUTOMATIC VALIDATION; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; FRAGMENTATION; ACCURACY; SEARCH; CELLS; MS/MS AB When collision induced dissociation is used to fragment phosphorylated peptides during tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), an ion exhibiting the neutral loss of phosphoric acid can be the major product The neutral loss ion can then be fragmented during MS(3) for additional resolution of the peptide sequence. Together, MS(2) and MS(3) spectral pairs can offer supporting identification of phosphorylated peptides and proteins Here, the software program PANORAMICS has been modified to make use of Mascot results for MS(2) and MS(3) spectral data sets. For pairs, the algorithm considers the number of shared m/z peaks used for peptide assignment and then adjusts the score evaluating that a peptide was correctly matched to these spectra using a mathematical model. The algorithm then calculates peptide probabilities for paired and unpaired spectra, and deduces a probability that a protein was identified given the set of matched peptides. The output provides information useful for determining whether peptides and proteins are phosphorylated. The program can process large result files often generated by multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). C1 [Feng, Jian; Naiman, Daniel Q.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Garrett, Wesley M.] USDA ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cooper, Bret] USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cooper, B (reprint author), 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 006,Rm 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. FU Johns Hopkins University; USDA-ARS; USDA-CSREES [2005-35605-15392] FX While not trying to imply any endorsement by these people, we simply thank Drs. A I Nesvizhsku, S. P. Gygi, D Tabb, J Cottrell and G. Reid. This work was funded in part by a specific cooperative agreement between Johns Hopkins University and USDA-ARS and a grant to B.C. from USDA-CSREES (no. 2005-35605-15392) NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 8 IS 11 BP 5396 EP 5405 DI 10.1021/pr900596u PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 586XV UT WOS:000276949600049 PM 19719328 ER PT J AU Resnick, BA Zablotsky, J Janus, ER Maggy, B Burke, TA AF Resnick, Beth A. Zablotsky, Joanna Janus, Erik R. Maggy, Bradley Burke, Thomas A. TI An Examination of Environmental Public Health Organizational and Workforce Configurations in the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic United States: How Do We Determine if These Configurations Impact Performance? SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE environmental public health; environmental public health organizational configuration; performance measures AB Objective: Environmental public health (EPH) practice is a vital component of the nation's public health system. Yet, a number of national reports have found that the disjointed structure of the EPH system hinders our ability to protect the public's health. This article examines the EPH organizational and workforce configurations in the US Northeast/Mid-Atlantic region and raises questions as to how to measure whether these varied configurations impact EPH performance. Methods: A review of national reports and state-specific documents and 39 EPH practitioner interviews. Results: Study findings revealed wide ranging organizational configurations and workforce challenges in the region. Although this study depicts just one region of the country, it provides insight into the complexity and variety of EPH structures and workforce throughout the nation. This diversity presents challenges in our ability to understand, measure, and evaluate EPH performance. Conclusions: This research has implications for the future of the national EPH system. As we move toward a more "outcomes focused" government, it is essential to the future of EPH to develop better ways to accurately assess, measure, and evaluate EPH performance. These study findings, along with a discussion on how to further advance EPH performance measures, helps facilitate this necessary shift to a more measurable, outcome-based EPH system. C1 [Resnick, Beth A.; Burke, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Resnick, Beth A.] Johns Hopkins Ctr Excellence Environm Hlth Practi, Baltimore, MD USA. [Zablotsky, Joanna] USDA, ODIFP, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Janus, Erik R.] Univ Maryland, Univ Coll, Adelphi, MD USA. [Maggy, Bradley] Dept Community Hlth, Fresno Cty, CA USA. RP Resnick, BA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 624N Broadway,Rm 457, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM bresnick@jhsph.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 BP 509 EP 517 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 510TJ UT WOS:000271114700010 PM 19823156 ER PT J AU LaLonde, RJ AF LaLonde, Robert J. TI Building Capacity to Evaluate Health and Nutrition Programs SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE evaluation; health policy; training ID PROPENSITY SCORE; IMPACT AB With the growing demand for program evaluations, governments in the developing world and nongovernmental organizations have discovered that the pool of trained evaluators is often relatively scarce. This article explains why high-quality retrospective program evaluations require highly trained evaluators and rich databases, The US Department of Agriculture's Research Innovation and Development Grants in Economics program and the Global Development Network-Gates Foundation Promoting Innovative Programs From the Developing World demonstration illustrate two approaches that public and nonprofit managers have adopted to build evaluation capacity in their programmatic areas. C1 [LaLonde, Robert J.] Univ Chicago, Irving B Harris Grad Sch Publ Policy Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [LaLonde, Robert J.] USDA, Harris Sch Publ Policy Studies Ctr, RIDGE Program, Washington, DC USA. RP LaLonde, RJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Irving B Harris Grad Sch Publ Policy Studies, 1155 E 60th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM r-lalonde@uchicago.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV PY 2009 BP S90 EP S99 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 510TK UT WOS:000271114800019 ER PT J AU Resnick, BA Zablotsky, J Burke, TA AF Resnick, Beth A. Zablotsky, Joanna Burke, Thomas A. TI Protecting and Promoting the Nation's Health: The Environmental Public Health Workforce as a Critical Component SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE environmental public health; environmental public health infrastructure; public health practice; public health workforce AB Introduction: The practice of environmental public health (EPH)-ensuring food, water, and sanitation protections-is the traditional cornerstone of public health. From foodborne illness outbreaks to chemical emergencies, drinking water safety to extreme weather events, our state and local EPH professionals are essential to the nation's overall health. Challenges: Myriad challenges exist to ensure a strong, robust EPH workforce. Funding, recruitment, training, retention, retirement, and lack of public and political support threaten EPH workforce enhancements. Opportunities: Even in these challenging times, promising EPH opportunities abound. The Obama administration's agendas for alternative energy and climate change, students' renewed interest in public health practice and government service, technological and scientific advances, and increased public awareness of EPH threats offer opportunities to fortify the EPH workforce. Recommendations and Conclusions: We must act now to enhance EPH infrastructure and training to ensure safe food and water, healthy air, and protection from environmental threats. Future success will depend on new approaches, strengthened leadership, and coordinated efforts among all levels of EPH programs. We cannot afford to miss this opportunity to reshape and strengthen the EPH workforce and ensure continued leadership in protecting the environment and the public's health. C1 [Zablotsky, Joanna] USDA, ODIFP, Washington, DC USA. [Burke, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Resnick, BA (reprint author), 624 N Broadway,Room 457, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM bresnick@jhsph.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD NOV PY 2009 BP S40 EP S45 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 510TK UT WOS:000271114800010 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP Reiner, RS AF Agarwal, Umesh P. Reiner, Richard S. TI Near-IR surface-enhanced Raman spectrum of lignin SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); lignin; cellulose; wood; silver; nano; micro; benzoic acid; muconic acid ID PLANT-CELL WALLS; SCATTERING SERS; PICEA-MARIANA; BLACK SPRUCE; SILVER COLLOIDS; MILLED WOOD; SPECTROSCOPY; ACID; ORIENTATION; MICROPROBE AB Compacted powders of commercially available nano- and microparticles of silver were used to successfully induce the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect in spruce milled-wood lignin (MWL). For the two silver particle sizes used in this investigation, the spectra were mostly similar. Some general characteristics of the lignin SERS spectrum are described. The SERS technique was found to be sensitive for detecting lignin. Significant spectral changes were present between the SERS and normal Raman spectra of MWL. The SERS spectrum was assigned on the basis of literature-reported vibrational assignments of lignin and its models. Based on significant changes in Raman features, we propose that the lignin is strongly adsorbed on silver. To determine whether SERS of lignin can be obtained directly from wood without its isolation, Wiley-milled spruce wood (WMW) adsorbed on silver was studied. The results indicated that not only the surface-enhancement effect was successfully induced in the WMW, but that its spectrum was similar to MWL SERS. Moreover, for WMW, no signals from the carbohydrate components were observed, and therefore, lignin was detected selectively. This nano-and microparticle-based molecularly specific method is expected to make a significant contribution in identifying and investigating lignin in various lignin-containing materials. Published in (C) 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Agarwal, Umesh P.; Reiner, Richard S.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Agarwal, UP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM uagarwal@fs.fed.us NR 58 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 42 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1527 EP 1534 DI 10.1002/jrs.2294 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 529MP UT WOS:000272521700009 ER PT J AU Tajvidi, M Feizmand, M Falk, RH Felton, C AF Tajvidi, Mehdi Feizmand, Mokhtar Falk, Robert H. Felton, Colin TI Effect of Cellulose Fiber Reinforcement on the Temperature Dependent Mechanical Performance of Nylon 6 SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE composites; mechanical properties; temperature; nylon; cellulose ID COMPOSITES; WOOD AB In order to quantify the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of pure nylon 6 and its composite with cellulose fibers (containing 25 wt% cellulose fibers), the materials were sampled and tested at three representative temperatures of 256, 296, and 336 K. Flexural and tensile tests were performed and the reductions in mechanical properties were evaluated. The highest reductions were observed in stiffness (modulus) values and the cellulose fibers remarkably enhanced the high temperature resistance of nylon. The reductions in mechanical properties were well explained by a simple quadratic curve fitting procedure applied to experimental data. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was also performed to study the effect of temperature on mechanical performance. No shifting in glass transition temperature was observed, but the composite material showed less viscous behavior as seen by its lower mechanical loss factor (tan delta) values in the rubbery state. The results of the present study will be helpful in determining the end-use application of these composite materials. C1 [Tajvidi, Mehdi; Feizmand, Mokhtar] Univ Tehran, Fac Nat Resources, Dept Wood & Paper Sci & Technol, Karaj, Iran. [Falk, Robert H.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Tajvidi, M (reprint author), Univ Tehran, Fac Nat Resources, Dept Wood & Paper Sci & Technol, Karaj, Iran. EM mtajvidi@ut.ac.ir RI Tajvidi, Mehdi/D-6959-2012 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 22 BP 2781 EP 2790 DI 10.1177/0731684408093875 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 517OJ UT WOS:000271624900008 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Gates, RA AF Lehotay, Steven J. Gates, Robert A. TI Blind analysis of fortified pesticide residues in carrot extracts using GC-MS to evaluate qualitative and quantitative performance SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GC/MS; GC/MS-MS; Identification; Pesticide analysis; Qualitative analysis ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; DRUG RESIDUES; IDENTIFICATION; CONFIRMATION; SENSITIVITY; FITNESS; PURPOSE; LIMITS AB Unlike quantitative analysis, which must commonly undergo an extensive method validation process in labs to assure quality of results, the quality of the qualitative results in the analysis of pesticide residues in food is generally ignored in practice. instead, chemists tend to rely on advanced NIS techniques and general subjective guidelines or fixed acceptability criteria when making analyte identifications. All analytes and matrices have unique characteristics that make this current approach less effective than desirable in many real-world situations. just as performed in quantitative method validation studies, collection of distinguishing factors of selectivity versus concentration, such as analyte retention time variabilities, ion ratios, matrix background evaluations, choice of ions, and the number of ions to use, provides specific information about the particular application to assess its quality. Empirical analysis of many blind samples to check the rates of false positives and negatives should be per-formed, at least to better evaluate LOD and reduce the chances of a serious qualitative problem. Familiarization training and review of results by the analyst(s) increase performance, and in any case, the traditional use of two independent analyses should still be relied upon to make chemical confirmations. in this study, an experimental approach to evaluate GC-MS using SIM with a quadrupole instrument and an MS/MS (ion trap) was conducted to assess the qualitative factors of both methods for 16 pesticides fortified (or not) in carrot extracts. Rates of false positives and negatives were compared using different identification criteria, and no single set of conditions was found to be superior for all analytes. C1 [Lehotay, Steven J.; Gates, Robert A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM steven.lehotay@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 32 IS 21 SI SI BP 3706 EP 3719 DI 10.1002/jssc.200900387 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 548UM UT WOS:000273993400019 PM 19877146 ER PT J AU Follett, RF AF Follett, Ronald F. TI US agriculture's relationship to soil carbon SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 64 IS 6 BP 159A EP 165A DI 10.2489/jswc.64.6.159A PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 538LT UT WOS:000273186700001 ER PT J AU Feng, G Sharratt, B Vaughan, J Lamb, B AF Feng, G. Sharratt, B. Vaughan, J. Lamb, B. TI A multiscale database of soil properties for regional environmental quality modeling in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE air quality; ecology; plant growth modeling; soil database; soil parameters for regional environmental quality; soil processes modeling; STATSGO database; water erosion; Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS); wind erosion; Western States Soil Database (WSSD) ID EROSION PREDICTION SYSTEM; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON; GIS; TEXTURE; FIELD AB The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database contains general soils information, but data available in STATSGO cannot be readily extracted nor parameterized to support regional environmental quality modeling. As such, each user must individually and repeatedly process data in STATSGO to obtain necessary soil properties. The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive database, the Western States Soil Database (WSSD) (http://www.lar.wsu.edu/nw-airquest/soils-database.html), for use in modeling regional soil and water resources and environmental quality across eight western states (Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Montana, and Wyoming). We aggregated existing soil properties in STATSGO from 19,681 map units of the eight states and estimated soil properties based upon quantitative relationships among existing soil properties. The WSSD comprises 3,910 map units, with each map unit defined by 10 soil layers and each layer characterized by 31 soil properties. The WSSD was gridded to 1 and 12 kin (0.62 and 7.44 mi) resolution cells for application to grid-based environmental models. Data from WSSD was tested against USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service field data and indicated satisfactory-agreement; for example, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for sand and clay content varied between 4% and 7%. The RMSE appeared to be greatest for organic matter and was as large as 106% of the Measured value. The WSSD provides information on soil properties useful for regional-scale modeling. C1 [Feng, G.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Sharratt, B.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Vaughan, J.; Lamb, B.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Feng, G (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Vaughan, Joseph/B-1714-2013 OI Vaughan, Joseph/0000-0002-1769-1042 FU USDA Cooperative State Research Education; Extension Service Columbia Plateau Wind Erosion/Air Quality project FX This research was supported by the USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service Columbia Plateau Wind Erosion/Air Quality project. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 21 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 64 IS 6 BP 363 EP 373 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.6.363 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 538LT UT WOS:000273186700007 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Smith, DR Haney, RL Dozier, M AF Harmel, R. D. Smith, D. R. Haney, R. L. Dozier, M. TI Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff from cropland and pasture fields fertilized with poultry litter SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agricultural runoff; waste utilization; water quality ID TEXAS BLACKLAND PRAIRIE; SOIL TEST PHOSPHORUS; NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS; WATER-QUALITY DATA; LONG-TERM MANURE; BROILER LITTER; SURFACE RUNOFF; NUTRIENT LOSSES; IMPACTS; INDEX AB Application of litter and other organic by-products to agricultural land off site of animal production facilities has created both environmental concerns and agro-economic opportunities, but limited long-term, field-scale data are available to guide management decisions. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the water quality effects of repeated annual poultry litter application as a cropland and pasture fertilizer. Eight years of data collected on ten field-scale watersheds indicated several significant water quality differences based on litter rate (0.0 to 13.4 Mg ha(-1) [0 to 6 ton ac(-1)]) and land use (cropland and pasture). On cropland fields, increasing litter rates (with corresponding decreases in supplemental inorganic nitrogen [N]) increased runoff orthophosphate phosphorus (PO(4)-P) concentrations but reduced extreme high nitrate nitrogen (NO(3)-N) concentrations. Whereas runoff PO(4)-P concentrations were somewhat similar between land uses, NO(3)-N concentrations were much lower in pasture runoff because Of supplemental inorganic N application, reduced nutrient uptake potential, and faster litter mineralization on cropland. Although considerable variability was observed, intra-annual runoff NO(3)-N and PO(4)-P concentrations generally exhibited curvilinear decay based on time since fertilizer application. In spite of repeated annual litter application and buildup of soil phosphorus (P) at high litter rates, few long-term trends in N and P runoff were evident due to the dynamic interaction between transport and source factors. These results support several practical implications, specifically: (1) combining organic and inorganic nutrient sources can be environmentally friendly and economically sound if application rates are carefully managed; (2) high runoff N and P concentrations can occur from well-managed fields, which presents difficulty in regulating edge-of-field water quality; and (3) change in the annual industry mindset to view by-products as marketable resources could mitigate environmental problems, provide alternative fertilizer sources, and enhance animal industry revenue opportunities. C1 [Harmel, R. D.; Haney, R. L.] USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. [Smith, D. R.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dozier, M.] Texas AgriLIFE Extens, Bryan, TX USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Temple, TX USA. RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 FU Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board; US Environmental Protection Agency; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX The authors would like to recognize the dedicated and talented farm staff and hydrologic technicians at Riesel. They deserve much credit for their valuable contribution to this long-term project. They are Lynn Grote, Steve Grote, Gary Hoeft, and Larry Koester. Funding for this project has been provided by the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, US Environmental Protection Agency, and USDA Agricultural Research Service. Dr. Gobbler Inc. also deserves credit for their efforts in supplying the litter and their willingness to apply it as directed by research needs. NR 60 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 33 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 64 IS 6 BP 400 EP 412 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.6.400 PG 13 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 538LT UT WOS:000273186700011 ER PT J AU Skinner, RH Zobel, RW van der Grinten, M Skaradek, W AF Skinner, R. H. Zobel, R. W. van der Grinten, M. Skaradek, W. TI Evaluation of native warm-season grass cultivars for riparian zones SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE aerenchyma; flooding tolerance; riparian buffers; warm-season grasses ID AERENCHYMA FORMATION; ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS; ANATOMY; WETLAND; GROWTH; OXYGEN; TOLERANCE; TRIPSACUM; RESPONSES; ETHYLENE AB Aerenchyma are air-filled spaces in the root cortex that help maintain oxygen supply to roots in saturated soils. We examined aerenchyma formation in roots and its effect on the suitability of 26 native warm-season grass cultivars from six species for use in riparian areas. In a greenhouse study, all cultivars exhibited extensive aerenchyma formation in well-drained soil, and percent aerenchyma was greater in the wen-drained control than in the saturated treatment (89% versus 71%, respectively). However, the presence of extensive aerenchyma development did not guarantee good root growth under anaerobic conditions. Suitable plant materials for inclusion in riparian areas were found among four of the six warm-season species examined, although a wide range in suitability was observed within species where multiple cultivars were tested. Nine cultivars representing a range of responses were further evaluated at Four field locations subjected to flooding and soil saturation. Ked River prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata L.) provided superior performance at all locations. The worst performing cultivars in the greenhouse Study also performed poorly in the field. However, not all cultivars that performed well in the greenhouse also performed well in the field. Osage Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans L.) was the third ranked cultivar for flooding tolerance in the greenhouse but had acceptable performance at only one of the four field sites. Conversely, Meadowcrest eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) exhibited only moderate flooding tolerance in the Pot Study but had among the lowest mortality, highest vigor, and highest biomass at three of the four locations. Controlled environment studies were useful for eliminating unacceptable cultivars, but field studies were necessary to identify suitable material for riparian areas. C1 [Skinner, R. H.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Zobel, R. W.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV USA. [van der Grinten, M.] NRCS, USDA, Big Flats Plant Mat Ctr, Corning, NY USA. [Skaradek, W.] USDA NRCS, Columbus Serv Ctr, Columbus, NJ USA. RP Skinner, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. FU US Army Corps of Engineers; University of Maryland FX We would like to thank the USDA NRCS Manhattan Plant Materials Center for supplying Osage. Indiangrass seed and the Bismarek Plant Materials Center for providing Bonilla big bluestem and Red River prairie cordgrass seed. We also thank Mark Simonis from the US Army Corps of Engineers and Ken Staver from the University of Maryland, Wye Research Center for making land available at Lambs Creek and it Wye. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 64 IS 6 BP 413 EP 422 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.6.413 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 538LT UT WOS:000273186700012 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Goslee, SC Gonet, J Stout, R AF Sanderson, M. A. Goslee, S. C. Gonet, J. Stout, R. TI Pasture monitoring at a farm scale with the USDA NRCS pasture condition score system SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE grazing management; livestock; pasture assessment ID DAIRY PASTURES; GROUND COVER; RICHNESS; IMPACTS AB The Pasture Condition Score (PCS) system, developed by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, is a monitoring and assessment tool for pastureland enrolled in conservation programs. Ten indicators of vegetation and soil status are rated on a 1 to 5 scale and are summed to give an aggregate score, which is interpreted for management recommendations. Information is lacking, however, on how PCS results vary within and among environments and farms. We applied the PCS on two farms in Pennsylvania (one dairy, one beef), two dairy farms in New York, and an organic dairy in Maryland. All pastures (25 to 63 per farm) on each farm were evaluated according to PCS methodology in spring, summer, and autumn of 2004, 2005, and 2006. Aggregate PCS scores ranged from 30 to 40 (indicating some improvements were needed to pasture management) and were relatively stable within management recommendation categories across seasons in 2004 and 2006. The PCS scores in 2005, however, plummeted (below 25 to 30-indicating major management changes to prevent degradation) on the Pennsylvania and Maryland farms because of drought. Pastures used for heifers and dry cows or as wintering areas often had lower scores than other Pastures. Typically, these pastures were on less productive soils, steep slopes, and were stocked intensively. There was much overlap among individual score categories for some indicators, which suggests that fewer but broader score categories (e.g., low, medium, high) Would simplify the system for farmers. The monitoring workload could be reduced by assessing representative subsets of pastures managed similarly or in similar landscape positions instead of all pastures on a farm. C1 [Sanderson, M. A.; Goslee, S. C.; Gonet, J.; Stout, R.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA USA. FU Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX We thank the farmers who allowed us to come on their farms to conduct this research. Their hospitality and interest is much appreciated. This work was supported by funds from a Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) jointly funded by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. We also think John Phillips, statistician for the USDA Agricultural Research Service North Atlantic Area. Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania for guidance and assistance with the mixed model analyses of the data; and Jeff Herrick, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Las Cruces, New Mexico, for providing helpful critical comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 64 IS 6 BP 423 EP 433 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.6.423 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 538LT UT WOS:000273186700013 ER PT J AU Verrill, S Kretschmann, DE AF Verrill, Steve Kretschmann, David E. TI Material Variability and Repetitive Member Factors for the Allowable Properties of Engineered Wood Products SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE assembly; reliability; redundancy AB It has been argued that repetitive member allowable property adjustments should be larger for high-variability materials than for low-variability materials. We report analytic calculations and simulations that suggest that the order of such adjustments should be reversed, that is, given the manner in which allowable properties are currently calculated, as the coefficient of variation of the strength distribution of individual elements increases, the upward repetitive member adjustments (if any) of assemblies constructed from these elements should decrease. C1 [Verrill, Steve; Kretschmann, David E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Verrill, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 37 IS 6 BP 607 EP 615 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 528ZU UT WOS:000272486300011 ER PT J AU Lin, JT AF Lin, Jiann-Tsyh TI Ratios of Regioisomers of Triacylglycerols Containing Dihydroxy Fatty Acids in Castor Oil by Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Dihydroxy fatty acids; Triacylglycerols; Regioisomer; sn-2 position; Mass spectrometry; Castor oil ID COMMUNIS L. OIL; LITHIATED ADDUCTS; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION; ACYLGLYCEROLS AB The triacylglycerols (TAG) containing dihydroxy fatty acids have been recently identified by mass spectrometry in castor oil. These new dihydroxy fatty acids were proposed as 11,12-dihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid (diOH18:1), 11,12-dihydroxy-9,13-octadecadienoic acid (diOH18:2) and 11,12-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid (diOH18:0). The ratios of regioisomers of the TAG were estimated by fragment ions from the loss of fatty acids at the sn-2 position as alpha,beta-unsaturated fatty acids by electro spray ionization-mass spectrometry of the lithium adducts (MS3). The content of regioisomeric diOH18:1-OH18:1-diOH18:1 (ABA, with two different fatty acids) was about 92% in the total of stereoisomeric diOH18:1-OH18:1-diOH18:1, OH18:1-diOH18:1-diOH18:1 and diOH18:1-diOH18:1-OH18:1 combined. The approximate contents of other regioisomers were as follows: diOH18:1-OH18:1-OH18:1 (92%), diOH18:1-diOH18:0-diOH18:1 (91%), diOH18:2-OH18:1-OH18:1 (80%) and diOH18:0-OH18:1-OH18:1 (96%). The ratios of regioisomers of TAG (ABC) containing three different fatty acids were estimated as about 7:1:2 (OH18:1:diOH18:1:diOH18:2) and about 7:2:1 (OH18:1:diOH18:0:diOH18:1). Ricinoleate (OH18:1) was predominately at the sn-2 position of TAG (both AAB and ABC) containing dihydroxy fatty acids and ricinoleate. Dihydroxy fatty acids were mainly at the sn-1,3 positions of TAG containing dihydroxy fatty acids and ricinoleate in castor oil. The ratios of the three regioisomers of TAG (ABC) containing three different fatty acids by mass spectrometry are first reported here. C1 Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jiann.lin@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1031 EP 1035 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1472-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 507RK UT WOS:000270872100001 ER PT J AU Winkler-Moser, JK Vaughn, SF AF Winkler-Moser, Jill Kristine Vaughn, Steven Francis TI Antioxidant Activity of Phytochemicals from Distillers Dried Grain Oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Steryl ferulates; Ferulate phytosterol esters; Oryzanol; Tocopherols; Tocotrienols; Distillers dried grain; Oxidative stability; Antioxidant; Oil stability ID OXIDATIVE STABILITY; CAROTENOID CONTENT; STERYL FERULATE; FATTY-ACIDS; VITAMIN-E; TOCOPHEROL; CORN; PHYTOSTEROL; ORYZANOL; RICE AB A distillate was obtained by molecular distillation of oil extracted from distillers dried grains (DDG). The distillers dried grain oil distillate (DDGD) contained phytosterols, steryl ferulates, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and carotenoids. DDGD was tested for its impact on the oxidative stability index (OSI) at 110 A degrees C of soybean, sunflower, and high-oleic sunflower oils, as well as the same oils that were stripped of their natural tocopherols and phytosterols. In addition, the impact of added DDGD on the stability of stripped sunflower oil during an accelerated storage study conducted at 60 A degrees C was also determined. DDGD (0.5-1% w/w) had little impact on the OSI of soybean, sunflower, and high-oleic sunflower oil, but at levels of 0.1-1% it significantly increased the OSI for stripped soybean, sunflower, and high-oleic sunflower oil in a dose-dependent manner. DDGD also delayed peroxide value, conjugated diene, and hexanal formation during accelerated storage of stripped sunflower oil. The antioxidant activity is probably due to the combination of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and steryl ferulates. C1 [Winkler-Moser, Jill Kristine; Vaughn, Steven Francis] Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Winkler-Moser, JK (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Jill.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1073 EP 1082 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1439-7 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 507RK UT WOS:000270872100006 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD Prevost, NT Strahan, GD AF Dailey, Oliver D., Jr. Prevost, Nicolette T. Strahan, Gary D. TI Conversion of Methyl Oleate to Branched-Chain Hydroxy Fatty Acid Derivatives SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Branched-chain fatty acids; DSC; Hydroxy fatty acids; Low-temperature properties; NMR; Organocuprate reagents ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ESTERS; TEMPERATURE; TALLOW; GREASE; OILS AB As part of a project to develop new and expanded uses of oilseed products and by-products (such as biodiesel, fuel additives, and lubricants), studies were conducted on the synthetic conversion of oleic acid (in the ester form) to branched-chain fatty acid ester derivatives. In these studies, methyl oleate was epoxidized and subsequently treated with four different organocuprate reagents in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate to produce novel branched-chain hydroxy acid derivatives. For each reaction, the two distinct isomeric products (methyl 9-alkyl-10-hydroxyoctadecanoate and methyl 9-hydroxy-10-alkyloctadecanoate) were isolated in the pure forms. Details of the synthesis and characterization (GC-MS, NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry) of these compounds will be discussed. C1 [Dailey, Oliver D., Jr.; Prevost, Nicolette T.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Strahan, Gary D.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Dailey, OD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Oliver.Dailey@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1101 EP 1114 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1441-0 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 507RK UT WOS:000270872100009 ER PT J AU Zerkowski, JA Nunez, A Strahan, GD Solaiman, DKY AF Zerkowski, Jonathan A. Nunez, Alberto Strahan, Gary D. Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. TI Clickable Lipids: Azido and Alkynyl Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Triacylglycerols; Hydroxy fatty acids; Functionalized lipids; Click reaction ID CHEMISTRY; ANALOGS; TEMPLATE; LIGATION; CHAIN AB Hydroxy fatty acids (FAs), which were isolated from glycolipids that can be prepared fermentatively from fats and oils, have been synthetically modified to contain azide and alkyne functional groups. These particular functional groups were chosen because they can participate in a copper-catalyzed reaction that combines them to form a 1,4-triazole, known as a "click" reaction, which has been widely used in a variety of fields but remains underutilized in FA chemistry. Depending on the starting hydroxy FA, these groups can be close to the carboxy unit (using 3-hydroxydecanoate) and hence the polar glycerol group, or distant from it (using 17-hydroxyoctadecanoate). These structural alternatives will impart different properties to the triacylglycerols that are subsequently prepared from the modified FA. Finally, the click reaction was used to conjugate triacylglycerols to each other and to other molecules such as a glycolipid or a protected amine. C1 [Zerkowski, Jonathan A.; Nunez, Alberto; Strahan, Gary D.; Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Zerkowski, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jonathan.zerkowski@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1115 EP 1121 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1442-z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 507RK UT WOS:000270872100010 ER PT J AU Raines, S Henson, C Havey, MJ AF Raines, Steven Henson, Cynthia Havey, Michael J. TI Genetic Analyses of Soluble Carbohydrate Concentrations in Onion Bulbs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium cepa; fructans; reducing sugars; sucrose ID ALLIUM-CEPA L.; FRUCTAN CONTENT; SOLIDS; STORAGE; FLAVOR; PLANTS; 6G-FRUCTOSYLTRANSFERASE; FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES; ASSOCIATION; POPULATIONS AB Fructans are the main soluble carbohydrate in onion (Allium cepa) bulbs and their concentrations show significant correlations with dry weights and pungency. In previous research, we identified regions on chromosomes 5 and 8 associated with higher amounts of soluble carbohydrates in onion bulbs. In this research, we estimated the genetic effects and interactions between these two chromosome regions using larger inbred families grown in field trials over 3 years. Bulbs were evaluated 30 and 90 days after harvest (DAH) for dry weights and soluble carbohydrates. Fructan concentrations decreased significantly between 30 and 90 DAH, consistent with loss of bulb dormancy over this period. Dry weights were negatively correlated with fructose and positively correlated with sucrose and fructans. Analyses of variance and interval mapping revealed that the region on chromosome 5 affected bulb dry weight, whereas the region on chromosome 8 significantly affected both dry weight and fructan concentrations. Regions on chromosomes 5 and 8 showed dominance for increased dry weights and/or soluble solids. Interactions between regions on chromosomes 5 and 8 were significant only for sucrose and the fructan neokestose, indicating that these regions independently contribute to higher amounts of soluble carbohydrates. These results demonstrate that onions with low concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were developed by selecting for relatively few recessively inherited chromosome regions. C1 [Havey, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Henson, Cynthia] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Havey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mjhavey@wisc.edu FU Biotech Training Fellowship; Agricultural Research Service of the USDA FX This work was supported by a Biotech Training Fellowship to SR and the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 134 IS 6 BP 618 EP 623 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WX UT WOS:000279016100005 ER PT J AU Harris, KR Wechter, WP Levi, A AF Harris, Karen R. Wechter, W. Patrick Levi, Amnon TI Isolation, Sequence Analysis, and Linkage Mapping of Nucleotide Binding Site-Leucine-rich Repeat Disease Resistance Gene Analogs in Watermelon SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus lanatus; TIR; degenerate primers; Cucurbitaceae; STS ID LANATUS VAR. CITROIDES; NBS-LRR PROTEINS; CULTIVATED WATERMELON; FUSARIUM-WILT; CITRULLUS; GERMPLASM; DIVERSITY; HOMOLOGS; GENOME; VIRUS AB Sixty-six watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) disease resistance gene analogs were cloned from 'Calhoun Gray', PI 296341, and PI 595203 using degenerate primers to select for the nucleotide binding sites (NBS) from the NBS-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) resistance gene family. After contig assembly, watermelon resistance gene analogs (WRGA) were identified and amino acid sequence alignment revealed that these groups contained motifs characteristic of NBS-LRR resistance genes. Using cluster analysis, eight groups of WRGA were identified and further characterized as having homology to Drosophila Toll and mammalian interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) and non-TIR domains. Three of these WRGA as well as three disease-related watermelon expressed sequence tag homologs were placed on a test-cross map. Linkage mapping placed the WRGA on linkage group XIII, an area on the watermelon map where resistance gene analogs cluster. In addition, these WRGA sequence-tagged sites (STS) were amplified from various genera of the Cucurbitaceae indicating that conservation of resistance gene analogs exists among cucurbits. These WRGA-STS markers may be useful in marker-assisted selection for the improvement for disease resistance in watermelon. C1 [Harris, Karen R.; Wechter, W. Patrick; Levi, Amnon] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Levi, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Amnon.Levi@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 134 IS 6 BP 649 EP 657 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WX UT WOS:000279016100009 ER PT J AU Jifon, JL Lester, GE AF Jifon, John L. Lester, Gene E. TI Foliar potassium fertilization improves fruit quality of field-grown muskmelon on calcareous soils in south Texas SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE foliar fertilization; potassium; quality; cantaloupe; phytochemical ID PROCESSING TOMATO; BETA-CAROTENE; ASCORBIC-ACID; SUGAR-BEET; CALCIUM; VEGETABLES; NUTRITION; SALTS; YIELD AB BACKGROUND: Among plant nutrients, potassium (K) has the strongest influence on crop quality parameters that determine consumer preference. However, soil and plant factors often limit adequate soil K uptake to satisfy quality requirements during fruit development stages. The objectives of this multiyear field study with muskmelon were to determine if this apparent K deficiency and the associated fruit quality limitations can be alleviated by supplementing soil-derived K with foliar K nutrition, and whether differences exist among potential foliar K salts. RESULTS: Foliar K treatments increased tissue K concentrations, fruit sugars and bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid and beta-carotene) by 19%, 1% and 15%, respectively, even though soil K levels were high, indicating that soil K alone was inadequate to improve these quality traits. All the K salts evaluated increased tissue K and fruit quality traits; however, no clear trends in the relative magnitudes of these enhancements were apparent among K sources, except for KNO(3) which consistently resulted in non-significant effects. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that late-season foliar K feeding can improve fruit quality of muskmelons grown on calcareous soils. The data also reveal differences among K salts and suggest a reassessment of K management strategies aimed at improving quality. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical industry C1 [Jifon, John L.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Lester, Gene E.] USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Jifon, JL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res Ctr, 2415 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM jljifon@ag.tamu.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-34402-17121]; "Designing Foods for Health", through the Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Center, Texas AM University FX This study was supported, in part, by a U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Grant under Agreement No. 2006-34402-17121, "Designing Foods for Health", through the Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply a recommendation or endorsement by the authors and/or their affiliations, to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 89 IS 14 BP 2452 EP 2460 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3745 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 510RH UT WOS:000271108100017 ER PT J AU Wilson, WC Hindson, BJ O'Hearn, ES Hall, S Tellgren-Roth, C Torres, C Naraghi-Arani, P Mecham, JO Lenhoff, RJ AF Wilson, William C. Hindson, Benjamin J. O'Hearn, Emily S. Hall, Sara Tellgren-Roth, Christian Torres, Clinton Naraghi-Arani, Pejman Mecham, James O. Lenhoff, Raymond J. TI A multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and differentiation of Bluetongue virus and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serogroups SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Bluetongue virus; Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus; real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; FOOT-AND-MOUTH; RT-PCR ASSAY; UNITED-STATES; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; VACCINE STRAINS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; INSECT CELLS; PROTEIN; SEROTYPES AB Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes disease in domestic and wild ruminants and results in significant economic loss. The closely related Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) has been associated with bluetongue-like disease in cattle. Although U.S. EHDV strains have not been experimentally proven to cause disease in cattle, there is serologic evidence of infection in cattle. Therefore, rapid diagnosis and differentiation of BTV and EHDV is required. The genetic sequence information and bioinformatic analysis necessary to design a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the early detection of indigenous and exotic BTV and EHDV is described. This sequence data foundation focused on 2 conserved target genes: one that is highly expressed in infected mammalian cells, and the other is highly expressed in infected insect cells. The analysis of all BTV and EHDV prototype strains indicated that a complex primer design was necessary for both a virus group-comprehensive and virus group-specific gene amplification diagnostic test. This information has been used as the basis for the development of a rapid multiplex BTV-EHDV real-time RT-PCR that detects all known serotypes of both viruses and distinguishes between BTV and EHDV serogroups. The sensitivity of this rapid, single-tube, real-time RT-PCR assay is sufficient for diagnostic application, without the contamination problems associated with standard gel-based RT-PCR, especially nested RT-PCR tests. C1 [Wilson, William C.; O'Hearn, Emily S.; Mecham, James O.] ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Hindson, Benjamin J.; Hall, Sara; Torres, Clinton; Naraghi-Arani, Pejman; Lenhoff, Raymond J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Tellgren-Roth, Christian] Univ Wyoming, Ctr Rural Hlth Res & Educ, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Wilson, WC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM william.wilson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5410-32000-015-00D, 5410-32000-018-00D]; NIH, National Center for Research Resources [P20 RR016474] FX The authors thank Donna Johnson and Dr. Eileen Ostlund from APHIS-NVSL (Ames, IA) for providing RNA from exotic strains of BTV and EHDV necessary to complete this study and Ambion Inc. for technical advice. The authors thank Dr. Barbara Drolet, USDA, ARS, for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. This project was funded by USDA-ARS projects 5410-32000-015-00D and 5410-32000-018-00D. Bioinformatic analysis was supported by NIH Grant P20 RR016474 from the INBRE Program of the National Center for Research Resources. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIH or the USDA. NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 21 IS 6 BP 760 EP 770 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 519SU UT WOS:000271789100002 PM 19901276 ER PT J AU Das, A Spackman, E Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Suarez, DL AF Das, Amaresh Spackman, Erica Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Suarez, David L. TI Removal of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) inhibitors associated with cloacal swab samples and tissues for improved diagnosis of Avian influenza virus by RT-PCR SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza virus; cloacal swabs; real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; RNA extraction; tissues; virus detection ID SODIUM-SULFITE; MAJOR INHIBITOR; RNA ISOLATION; MOSAIC-VIRUS; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; EXTRACTION; BLOOD; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION AB Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) is routinely used for the rapid detection of Avian influenza virus (AIV) in clinical samples, but inhibitory Substances present in some clinical specimens can reduce or block PCR amplification. Most commercial RNA extraction kits have limited capacity to remove inhibitors front clinical samples, but using a modified commercial protocol (Ambion(R) MagMAX(TM), Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) with an added high-salt wash of 2 M NaCl and 2 mM ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid was shown to improve the ability of the kit to remove inhibitors from cloacal swabs and some tissues. Real-time RT-PCR was carried out in the presence of an internal positive control to detect inhibitors present in the purified RNA. Cloacal swabs from wild birds were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR comparing RNA extracted with the standard (MagMAX-S) and modified (MagMAX-M) protocols. Using the standard protocol on 2,668 samples, 18.4% of the samples had evidence of inhibitor(s) in the samples, but the modified protocol removed inhibitors from all but 21 (4.8%) of the problem samples. The modified protocol was also tested for RNA extraction from tissues using a TRIzol-MagMAX-M hybrid protocol. Tissues from chickens and ducks experimentally infected with high-pathogenicity Asian H5N1 AIV were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, and the limit of detection of the virus was improved by 0.5-3.0 threshold cycle units with the RNA extracted by the MagMAX-M protocol. The MagMAX-M protocol reported in the present study can be useful in extracting high-quality RNA for accurate detection of ATV from cloacal swabs and tissues by real-time RT-PCR. C1 [Das, Amaresh; Spackman, Erica; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.; Suarez, David L.] Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Suarez@ars.usda.gov FU Agriculture Research Current Research Information System [6612-32000-048] FX The authors wish to thank Scott Lee, Suzanne DeBlois, and Diane Smith. This project was supported by Agriculture Research Current Research Information System project 6612-32000-048. NR 34 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 21 IS 6 BP 771 EP 778 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 519SU UT WOS:000271789100003 PM 19901277 ER PT J AU Arzt, J Gregg, DA Clavijo, A Rodriguez, LL AF Arzt, Jonathan Gregg, Douglas A. Clavijo, Alfonso Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Optimization of immunohistochemical and fluorescent antibody techniques for localization of Foot-and-mouth disease virus in animal tissues SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Cows; fluorescent antibody; Foot-and-mouth disease virus; immunohistochemistry; pathogenesis; pigs ID PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TISSUES; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BOVINE-TISSUES; CATTLE; PATHOGENESIS; PIGS; REPLICATION; MICROSCOPY AB Immunohistochemical (IHC) and fluorescent antibody (FA) techniques were optimized for the detection of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) structural and nonstructural proteins in frozen and paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded (PFPE) tissues of bovine and porcine origin. Immunohistochemical localization of FMDV was compared with 7 detection systems, 8 primary antibodies, and 11 epitope retrieval techniques. All serotypes tested (O, A, Asia, C [cryosection]; O, A, Asia [PFPE]) were localized in association with mature vesicles. Multi-label FA was used in conjunction with IHC and conventional histopathology to characterize vesicle maturation in 4 steers and 2 pigs experimentally infected with FMDV. At the edge of advancing vesicles, a consistent finding was acantholytic degeneration of basal keratinocytes surrounding dermal papillae with suprabasilar clefts and microvesiculation. Progression of microvesiculation led to coalescence with the expanding vesicle. Cells at the leading edge of vesicles were positive for FMDV antigens by IHC and FA. Cell marker profile of these cells by FA was consistent with keratinocytes (i.e., cytokeratin [CK]-positive, S100-negative, MHC-II-negative). In rare instances, CK-negative, MHC-II-positive, and FMDV-positive cells (presumptive dendritic cells or macrophages) were identified within dermis subjacent to vesicles. C1 [Arzt, Jonathan; Gregg, Douglas A.; Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Clavijo, Alfonso] Natl Ctr Foreign Anim Dis, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Arzt, J (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM jonathan.arzt@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [1940-32000-052-00D] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Juan Pacheco for assistance with animal inoculations and monitoring, Dr. Vivian O'Donnell for consultations on fluorescence microscopy techniques, Meghan Tucker for histotechnological support, and Michael LaRocco for assistance with growing hybridoma cell lines. This work was funded by USDA-ARS CRIS project 1940-32000-052-00D. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 21 IS 6 BP 779 EP 792 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 519SU UT WOS:000271789100004 PM 19901278 ER PT J AU Spraker, TR VerCauteren, KC Gidlewski, TL Munger, RD Walter, WD Balachandran, A AF Spraker, Terry R. VerCauteren, Kurt C. Gidlewski, Tom L. Munger, Randy D. Walter, W. David Balachandran, Aru TI Impact of age and sex of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) on follicle counts from rectal mucosal biopsies for preclinical detection of chronic wasting disease SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Chronic wasting disease; live test; lymphoid follicles; rectal biopsy; Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; MULE DEER; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; SCRAPIE; DIAGNOSIS; PRPCWD; SAMPLES; PRPSC AB To determine if the number of rectal lymphoid follicles decreases with respect to age and sex relative to diagnosis of chronic wasting disease (CWD), rectal biopsies (n = 1,361) were taken from captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) at 4 ranches in the western United States between 2005 and 2008. Rectal tissues were stained with a monoclonal antibody (F99/97.6.1), which selectively stains the abnormal isoform of the prion protein associated with CWD of elk. The number of lymphoid follicles obtained from typical biopsy tissues decreased with the age of the animal. The acceptable number of lymphoid follicles for detection of CWD was not considered to be a problem in elk up to 8.5 years of age, but in elk over 8.5 years of age, the follicle count was considered to be low. Sex of the animal had no effect on the number of lymphoid follicles observed in each age group. Rectal biopsies were an accurate test to diagnose preclinical stages of CWD in elk but may be best suited to elk that are less then 8.5 years of age. C1 [VerCauteren, Kurt C.; Walter, W. David] APHIS, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Spraker, Terry R.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gidlewski, Tom L.; Munger, Randy D.] Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Balachandran, Aru] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Anim Dis Res Inst, Nepean, ON, Canada. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov FU ARS/USDA (Pullman, WA) [5348-2-0678]; Colorado State University Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University (Fort Collins, CO); USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center FX The authors are especially grateful to Dennis and Stephanie White (owners of Velvet Ridge Elk Ranch) and the 3 other anonymous elk ranch owners who allowed their elk to be biopsied. The authors wish to thank Richard Brewster and Jack Ellithorpe for taking some of the rectal biopsies; Jennifer Dartez, Tara Boss, Tracy Nichols, and Crystal Meyerett for recording data; and Justin Fischer, Michael Lavelle, Tara Ruby-Camenische, and the many ranch hands who handled elk in chutes. The authors thank Leah Powers for cutting and placing the tissues into cassettes and Robert Zink and Bruce Cummings for embedding, cutting, and immunohistochemical staining of the tissues. Also, special thanks to Katherine O'Rourke for providing guidance and reviewing the manuscript. This project was partially funded by Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-5348-2-0678 with ARS/USDA (Pullman, WA); the Colorado State University Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University (Fort Collins, CO); and the USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 21 IS 6 BP 868 EP 870 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 519SU UT WOS:000271789100018 PM 19901292 ER PT J AU Cerqueira, VD Riet-Correa, G Barbosa, JD Duarte, MD Oliveira, CMC de Oliveira, CA Tokarnia, C Lee, ST Riet-Correa, F AF Cerqueira, Valiria D. Riet-Correa, Gabriela Barbosa, Jose D. Duarte, Marcos D. Oliveira, Carlos M. C. de Oliveira, Carlos A. Tokarnia, Carlos Lee, Stephen T. Riet-Correa, Franklin TI Colic caused by Panicum maximum toxicosis in equidae in northern Brazil SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Bloat; colic; equidae; horses; mules; Panicum species ID PASTURE; HORSES AB In the Amazon region of northern Brazil, Panicum maximum cultivars Mombaca, Tanzania, and Massai cause severe colic and death in horses and mules. The disease occurs in the rainy season, when sprouting pastures are grazed by equidae. In the 8 separate disease outbreaks Studied, a total of 52 Out of 153 equidae were affected, including 19 that died (10 mules and 9 horses). Clinical signs were colic and abdominal dilatation, with a clinical manifestation period of 12 hr to 4 days. Serum activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase were within reference intervals; however, serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were occasionally elevated. The primary gross and histologic lesions were observed in the digestive system. The stomach, small intestine, and large intestine had severe hemorrhages and occasional mucosal erosions and ulcerations. Ulceration and hemorrhage of the urinary bladder were rarely observed. Histologic examination revealed diffuse lymphoplasmacytic gastritis and enteritis with severe congestion, hemorrhage, and occasional epithelial necrosis and ulceration. Lymphocellular necrosis was occasionally observed within gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Tubular nephrosis occurred in some animals. Degeneration and occasional necrosis of bile duct epithelial cells and degeneration of hepatocytes were observed in the liver. Toxic pastures were negative for diosgenin- and yamogenin-based saponins, and oxalate concentrations were within reference intervals for the species. The toxin or toxins causing disease and the reason for the toxicity of the plant in the northern region are unknown. C1 [Cerqueira, Valiria D.; Riet-Correa, Gabriela; Barbosa, Jose D.; Duarte, Marcos D.; Oliveira, Carlos M. C.; de Oliveira, Carlos A.] Fed Univ Para, Fac Vet, BR-68640080 Castanhal, Brazil. [Tokarnia, Carlos] UFRRJ, Projeto Sanidade Anim, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Lee, Stephen T.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Poisonous Plants Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. [Riet-Correa, Franklin] Univ Fed Campina Grande, CSTR, Hosp Vet, Campinas, Paraiba, Brazil. RP Cerqueira, VD (reprint author), Fed Univ Para, Fac Vet, Maximino Porpino 1000, BR-68640080 Castanhal, Brazil. EM valiria@ufpa.br FU National Council of Scientific and Technological Development/MCT; Institutos do Milenio [420012/2005-2] FX This project was financially support by the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development/MCT, program of the Institutos do Milenio, grant 420012/2005-2. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 21 IS 6 BP 882 EP 888 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 519SU UT WOS:000271789100022 PM 19901296 ER PT J AU Lawrence, P Rieder, E AF Lawrence, Paul Rieder, Elizabeth TI Identification of RNA Helicase A as a New Host Factor in the Replication Cycle of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NUCLEAR-PORE COMPLEX; RIBOSOME-ENTRY SITE; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; MESSENGER-RNA; A INTERACTS; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC TRAFFICKING; CYCLIZATION SEQUENCES; GENOME REPLICATION AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), as with other RNA viruses, recruits various host cell factors to assist in the translation and replication of the virus genome. In this study, we investigated the role of RNA helicase A (RHA) in the life cycle of FMDV. Immunofluorescent microscopy (IFM) showed a change in the subcellular distribution of RHA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in FMDV-infected cells as infection progressed. Unlike nuclear RHA, the RHA detected in the cytoplasm reacted with an antibody that recognizes only the nonmethylated form of RHA. In contrast to alterations in the subcellular distribution of nuclear factors observed during infection with the related cardioviruses, cytoplasmic accumulation of RHA did not require the activity of the FMDV leader protein. Using IFM, we have found cytoplasmic RHA in proximity to the viral 2C and 3A proteins, which promotes the assembly of the replication complexes, as well as cellular poly(A) binding protein (PABP). Coimmunoprecipitation assays confirmed that these proteins are complexed with RHA. We have also identified a novel interaction between RHA and the S fragment in the FMDV 5' nontranslated region. Moreover, a reduction in the expression of RHA, using RHA-specific small interfering RNA constructs, inhibited FMDV replication. These results indicate that RHA plays an essential role in the replication of FMDV and potentially other picornaviruses through ribonucleoprotein complex formation at the 5' end of the genome and by interactions with 2C, 3A, and PABP. C1 [Rieder, Elizabeth] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA,Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Rieder, E (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA,Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM elizabeth.rieder@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 83 IS 21 BP 11356 EP 11366 DI 10.1128/JVI.02677-08 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 504FW UT WOS:000270602300047 PM 19710149 ER PT J AU Lim, HS Bragg, JN Ganesan, U Ruzin, S Schichnes, D Lee, MY Vaira, AM Ryu, KH Hammond, J Jackson, AO AF Lim, Hyoun-Sub Bragg, Jennifer N. Ganesan, Uma Ruzin, Steven Schichnes, Denise Lee, Mi Yeon Vaira, Anna Maria Ryu, Ki Hyun Hammond, John Jackson, Andrew O. TI Subcellular Localization of the Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus Triple Gene Block Proteins (vol 83, pg 9432, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Lim, Hyoun-Sub] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ARS, USDA, FNPRU, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CNR, Ist Virol Vegetale, I-10135 Turin, Italy. Seoul Womens Univ, Div Environm & Life Sci, Plant Virus GenBank, Seoul 139774, South Korea. RP Lim, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Vaira, Anna Maria/B-9082-2015 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 83 IS 21 BP 11413 EP 11413 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 504FW UT WOS:000270602300057 ER PT J AU Deyoung, RW Zamorano, A Mesenbrink, BT Campbell, TA Leland, BR Moore, GM Honeycutt, RL Root, JJ AF Deyoung, Randy W. Zamorano, Angeline Mesenbrink, Brian T. Campbell, Tyler A. Leland, Bruce R. Moore, Guy M. Honeycutt, Rodney L. Root, J. Jeffrey TI Landscape-Genetic Analysis of Population Structure in the Texas Gray Fox Oral Rabies Vaccination Zone SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE gray fox; landscape genetics; oral rabies vaccination; population structure; spatial autocorrelation; Urocyon cinereoargenteus ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; CANADA LYNX; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; FLOW; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; DISTANCE AB In west-central Texas, USA, abatement efforts for the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) rabies epizootic illustrate the difficulties inherent in large-scale management of wildlife disease. The rabies epizootic has been managed through a cooperative oral rabies vaccination program (ORV) since 1996. Millions of edible baits containing a rabies vaccine have been distributed annually in a 16-km to 24-km zone around the perimeter of the epizootic, which encompasses a geographic area > 4 X 10(5) km(2). The ORV program successfully halted expansion of the epizootic into metropolitan areas but has not achieved the ultimate goal of eradication. Rabies activity in gray fox continues to occur periodically outside the ORV zone, preventing ORV zone contraction and dissipation of the epizootic. We employed a landscape-genetic approach to assess gray fox population structure and dispersal in the affected area, with the aim of assisting rabies management efforts. No unique genetic clusters or population boundaries were detected. Instead, foxes were weakly structured over the entire region in an isolation by distance pattern. Local subpopulations appeared to be genetically non-independent over distances > 30 km, implying that long-distance movements or dispersal may have been common in the region. We concluded that gray foxes in west-central Texas have a high potential for long-distance rabies virus trafficking. Thus, a 16-km to 24-km ORV zone may be too narrow to contain the fox rabies epizootic. Continued expansion of the ORV zone, although costly, may be critical to the long-term goal of eliminating the Texas fox rabies virus variant from the United States. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(8): 1292-1299; 2009) C1 [Deyoung, Randy W.; Zamorano, Angeline] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Mesenbrink, Brian T.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Campbell, Tyler A.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville Field Stn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Leland, Bruce R.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, San Antonio, TX 78201 USA. [Moore, Guy M.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX 78756 USA. [Honeycutt, Rodney L.] Pepperdine Univ, Div Nat Sci, Malibu, CA 90263 USA. [Root, J. Jeffrey] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Deyoung, RW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM randall.deyoung@tamuk.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture; Animal Plant Health Inspection Service; Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center; Jack Berryman Institute; National Science Foundation; Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute [2009-118] FX We are indebted and offer our sincere thanks to the Texas Department of State Health Services and Texas Wildlife Services for aid with sample collection and logistical assistance, especially B. Sims, J. Sandoval, E. Miles, J. Dorsett, and M. Mapston. In addition, we express our gratitude to the many private and public land stewards who have graciously given access to their lands to conduct this work. This study would not have been possible without the assistance of a great number of individuals from the aforementioned institutions. Funding for this work was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center and the Jack Berryman Institute. A. Zamorano was supported by a National Science Foundation Undergraduate Mentoring in Environmental Biology program for promoting undergraduate student research. This is contribution 2009-118 of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1292 EP 1299 DI 10.2193/2008-336 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 515AC UT WOS:000271437400005 ER PT J AU Tirpak, JM Jones-Farrand, DT Thompson, FR Twedt, DJ Baxter, CK Fitzgerald, JA Uihlein, WB AF Tirpak, John M. Jones-Farrand, D. Todd Thompson, Frank R., III Twedt, Daniel J. Baxter, Charles K. Fitzgerald, Jane A. Uihlein, William B., III TI Assessing Ecoregional-Scale Habitat Suitability Index Models for Priority Landbirds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey; Central Hardwoods; ecoregion; Forest Inventory and Analysis; Habitat Suitability Index; landbird; National Land Cover Dataset; validation; verification; West Gulf Coastal Plain/Ouachitas ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; PREDICTION ERRORS; SPATIAL SCALES; FOREST; ABUNDANCE; ACCURACY AB Emerging methods in habitat and wildlife population modeling promise new horizons in conservation but only if these methods provide robust population-habitat linkages. We used Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data to verify and validate newly developed habitat suitability index (HSI) models for 40 priority landbird species in the Central Hardwoods and West Gulf Coastal Plain/Ouachitas Bird Conservation Regions. We considered a species' HSI model verified if there was a significant rank correlation between mean predicted HSI score and mean observed BBS abundance across the 88 ecological subsections within these Bird Conservation Regions. When we included all subsections, correlations verified 37 models. Models for 3 species were unverified. Rank correlations for an additional 5 species were not significant when analyses included only subsections with BBS abundance > 0. To validate models, we developed generalized linear models with mean observed BBS abundance as the response variable and mean HSI score and Bird Conservation Region as predictor variables. We considered verified models validated if the overall model was an improvement over an intercept-only null model and the coefficient on the HSI variable in the model was > 0. Validation provided a more rigorous assessment of model performance than verification, and models for 12 species that we verified failed validation. Species whose models failed validation were either poorly sampled by BBS protocols or associated with woodland and shrubland habitats embedded within predominantly open landscapes. We validated models for 25 species. Habitat specialists and species reaching their highest densities in predominantly forested landscapes were more likely to have validated models. In their current form, validated models are useful for conservation planning of priority landbirds and offer both insight into limiting factors at ecoregional scales and a framework for monitoring priority landbird populations from readily available national data sets. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(8): 1307-1315; 2009) C1 [Tirpak, John M.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Jones-Farrand, D. Todd] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Twedt, Daniel J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Fitzgerald, Jane A.] Amer Bird Conservancy, Cent Hardwoods Joint Venture, Brentwood, MO 63144 USA. [Tirpak, John M.; Baxter, Charles K.; Uihlein, William B., III] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tirpak, JM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM john_tirpak@fws.gov OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 FU National Science Support Partnership grant through the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Geological Survey; Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX We thank M. Hatfield, M. Nelson, and R. McRoberts with the United States Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis program for assistance with FIA data. C. Conzelmann, W. Dijak, H. He, A. Keister, S. Shifley, and B. Tirpak provided technical support. T. Jones, S. Sheriff, and W. Thogmartin provided insight into modeling issues and statistical considerations of the validation process. L. Brennan and 2 anonymous reviewers provided invaluable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported by a National Science Support Partnership grant through the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and United States Geological Survey. This is a contribution from the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Biological Resources Division of the United States Geological Survey, Missouri Department of Conservation, University of Missouri, and Wildlife Management Institute, cooperating). NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1307 EP 1315 DI 10.2193/2008-125 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 515AC UT WOS:000271437400007 ER PT J AU Jojola, SM Witmer, GW Burke, PW AF Jojola, Susan M. Witmer, Gary W. Burke, Patrick W. TI Evaluation of Attractants to Improve Trapping Success of Nutria on Louisiana Coastal Marsh SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE attractants; capture rate; control; damage management; Louisiana; lures; Myocastor coypus; nutria; semiochemical; trapping ID MYOCASTOR-COYPUS; HERBIVORES; VEGETATION; IMPACT; MICE AB Nutria (Myocastor coypus) are an important part of the Louisiana (USA) fur industry, but high densities of nutria cause extensive damage to coastal marsh ecosystems. Hence, there is a need to develop improved methods for targeted management of nutria. We screened 14 olfactory cues as potential lures for nutria, first in controlled settings and then in the field, to see if nutria capture rates using foothold traps would increase. In Y-maze trials, nutria most frequently selected olfactory cues of a synthetic formulation of nutria anal-gland secretion and nutria fur extract. We examined the 3 most selected attractants in Y-maze trials and female nutria urine under field conditions to compare trapping success over untreated traps. Capture probability was nearly 2.5 times greater for fur wash than control and 2 times greater for urine than control (relative risk = 2.43 and 2.01, respectively). The results suggest that use of semiochemicals and synthetic formulations of semiochemicals increased nutria trapping success. Development and use of effective synthetic semiochemicals could benefit resource managers nationwide who are responsible for reducing damage caused by this invasive herbivore. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(8): 1414-1419; 2009) C1 [Jojola, Susan M.; Witmer, Gary W.; Burke, Patrick W.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Jojola, SM (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gary.w.witmer@aphis.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1414 EP 1419 DI 10.2193/2008-106 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 515AC UT WOS:000271437400021 ER PT J AU Darrow, PA Skirpstunas, RT Carlson, SW Shivik, JA AF Darrow, Patrick A. Skirpstunas, Ramona T. Carlson, S. Wade Shivik, John A. TI Comparison of Injuries to Coyote From 3 Types of Cable Foot-Restraints SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cable foot-restraint; Canis latrans; capture device; coyote; foot snare; injury score ID CAPTURE COYOTES; TRAPS; DEVICES AB We compared injury rates among captured coyotes (Canis latrans) to determine if modifications to cable foot-restraints would decrease resulting injuries. Mean International Standardization Organization's injury scores of coyotes caught in 3 types of cable foot-restraints were 22.2, 37.9, and 60.4 (F(2,41) = 4.63, P = 0.015) for a chain-loop, standard cable, and sleeved cable, respectively. These results may be important for trappers and researchers to consider when using a cable foot-restraint device to capture wildlife. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(8): 1441-1444; 2009) C1 [Darrow, Patrick A.; Shivik, John A.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Skirpstunas, Ramona T.] Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Carlson, S. Wade] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Modesto, CA 95356 USA. RP Darrow, PA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, BNR Room 163, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM patrick.a.darrow@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA WS California state program FX We wish to thank the USDA WS California state program, especially specialists S. Galantine, D. Simms, P. Lacey, and R. Anderson for their work collecting samples and documenting the capture of coyotes for this study. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1441 EP 1444 DI 10.2193/2008-566 PG 4 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 515AC UT WOS:000271437400025 ER PT J AU Ahmed, T Das, SK Golden, JK Saltzman, E Roberts, SB Meydani, SN AF Ahmed, Tanvir Das, Sai Krupa Golden, Julie K. Saltzman, Edward Roberts, Susan B. Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Calorie Restriction Enhances T-Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Adult Overweight Men and Women SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Calorie restriction; T cell; Immune response; Aging; Obesity ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DIETARY RESTRICTION; VITAMIN-E; DELAYED-HYPERSENSITIVITY; ELDERLY POPULATION; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; FOOD RESTRICTION; IL-2 PRODUCTION; GLYCEMIC LOAD; NURSING-HOME AB Calorie restriction (CR) enhances immune response and prolongs life span in animals. However, information on the applicability of these results to humans is limited. T-cell function declines with age, We examined effects of CR on T-cell function in humans. Forty-six overweight, nonobese participants aged 20-42 years were randomly assigned to 30% or 10% CR group for 6 months. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), T-cell proliferation (TP), and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) productions were determined before and after CR. DTH and TP to T cell mitogens were increased in both groups over baseline (p <=.019). However, number of positive responses to DTH antigens (p=.016) and TP to anti-CD3 reached statistical significance only after 30% CR (p=.001). Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PGE(2) was reduced in both groups but reached statistical significance after 30% CR (p <=.029). These results, for the first time, show that 6-month CR in humans improves T-cell function. C1 [Ahmed, Tanvir; Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Das, Sai Krupa; Golden, Julie K.; Saltzman, Edward; Roberts, Susan B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Das, Sai Krupa; Saltzman, Edward; Roberts, Susan B.; Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Dept Pathol, Sackler Grad Sch Biochem Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu FU National Institute on Aging [NGA-3U01-AG20478]; United States Department of Agriculture [58-1950-9-001]; International Nutrition Foundation-Ellison Medical Foundation FX National Institute on Aging (NGA-3U01-AG20478); United States Department of Agriculture (contract 58-1950-9-001); International Nutrition Foundation-Ellison Medical Foundation Scholarship. NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1107 EP 1113 DI 10.1093/gerona/glp101 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 509UU UT WOS:000271044900002 PM 19638417 ER PT J AU Brown, P Gipson, C AF Brown, Patricia Gipson, Chester TI A word from OLAW and USDA SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brown, Patricia] NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gipson, Chester] USDA, APHIS, AC, Washington, DC USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), NIH, OLAW, OER, OD,HHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 38 IS 11 BP 347 EP 347 DI 10.1038/laban1109-347 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 517KL UT WOS:000271612200010 PM 19847176 ER PT J AU Horowitz, JK Lynch, L Stocking, A AF Horowitz, John K. Lynch, Lori Stocking, Andrew TI Competition-Based Environmental Policy: An Analysis of Farmland Preservation in Maryland SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; WINNERS CURSE; AUCTIONS; MODELS; PERFORMANCE; 1ST-PRICE; CONTRACTS; PRICES; COMMON AB Policy makers have turned to competition-based voluntary-enrollment programs as a cost-effective way to achieve preferred land uses. This paper studies bidder behavior in an innovative auction-based program in which farmers compete to sell and retire the right to develop their land. We derive a reduced-form bidding model that includes private and common values. This model allows us to estimate the role of bidder competition, winner's curse correction, and the underlying distribution of private values. We estimate that the auction enrolled as many as 3,000 acres (12%) more than a take-it-or-leave-it offer would have enrolled for the same budgetary cost. (JEL Q24, Q28) C1 [Horowitz, John K.; Lynch, Lori; Stocking, Andrew] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Horowitz, John K.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Horowitz, JK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 85 IS 4 BP 555 EP 576 PG 22 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 510IR UT WOS:000271082200001 ER PT J AU Stewart, JW Alekel, DL Ritland, LM Van Loan, M Gertz, E Genschel, U AF Stewart, Jeanne W. Alekel, D. Lee Ritland, Laura M. Van Loan, Marta Gertz, Erik Genschel, Ulrike TI Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is related to indicators of overall physical fitness in healthy postmenopausal women SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Vitamin D; Handgrip strength; Balance; Androidal fat mass; Lean body mass ID VITAMIN-D STATUS; BLOOD-CELL COUNT; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BODY-COMPOSITION; OLDER-ADULTS; D INADEQUACY; LEAN MASS; OBESITY; RISK AB Objective: Inadequate vitamin D status is related to increased adiposity, risk of falls, and muscle weakness, particularly in older people. We hypothesized that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is related to physical fitness indices (androidal fat, whole body lean mass, balance, strength) in healthy postmenopausal women. Methods: Covariates for fitness indices included age or years since menopause, weight, 25(OH)D, energy expenditure, and calcium intake. Overall and regional (androidal fat mass = waist + hip fat) body composition was assessed (N = 242) via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: Regression analyses revealed that 71% of variability (P <= 0.0001) in androidal fat mass was accounted for by weight (53.0%, P <= 0.0001), white blood cell (WBC) count (2.0%, P <= 0.0001), supplemental calcium (1.7%, P = 0.0004), years since menopause (1.1%, P = 0.0034), 25(OH)D (1.0%, P = 0.0051), and vegetable servings (0.6%, P = 0.027); 64% of variability (P <= 0.0001) in lean mass was accounted for by weight (63.1.%, P <= 0.0001), WBC count (1.4%, P = 0.0038), and 25(OH)D (1.0%, P = 0.013); 12% of variability (P <= 0.0001) in balance (right + left leg) was accounted for by age (3.8%, P = 0.0019), 25(OH)D (2.0%, P = 0.025), and WBC count (1.8%, P = 0.032); 14% of variability (P <= 0.0001) in handgrip strength (right + left) was accounted for by weight (9.3%, P <= 0.0001), 25(OH)D (2.4%, P = 0.013), WBC count (2.1%, P = 0.019), and age (1.6%, P = 0.044); and 22% of variability (P <= 0.0001) in torso strength was accounted for by site (15.0%, P <= 0.0001) and weight (4.6%, P = 0.0003). Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D was the common contributor to physical fitness indices (androidal fat mass, lean mass, balance, handgrip strength) in healthy postmenopausal women. C1 [Alekel, D. Lee] Iowa State Univ, Nutr & Wellness Res Ctr, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Van Loan, Marta; Gertz, Erik] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Genschel, Ulrike] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Alekel, DL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Nutr & Wellness Res Ctr, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Res Pk, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM alekel@iastate.edu FU National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [RO1 AR046922 A2]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P01 ES012020]; Office of Dietary Supplements; National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine [95P50AT004155]; United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Western Human Nutrition Research Center; CTSC Clinical Research Center at the University of California [IM01RR19975-01] FX The overall project described was supported by a grant (RO1 AR046922 A2) from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. The project was also supported by a grant (P01 ES012020) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the Office of Dietary Supplements, by a grant (95P50AT004155) from the National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health, and by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, and the CTSC Clinical Research Center at the University of California (IM01RR19975-01). NR 48 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1093 EP 1101 DI 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181a8f7ed PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 518ZB UT WOS:000271733700008 PM 19512949 ER PT J AU Otokozawa, S Ai, M Diffenderfer, MR Asztalos, BF Tanaka, A Lamon-Fava, S Schaefer, EJ AF Otokozawa, Seiko Ai, Masumi Diffenderfer, Margaret R. Asztalos, Bela F. Tanaka, Akira Lamon-Fava, Stefania Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Fasting and postprandial apolipoprotein B-48 levels in healthy, obese, and hyperlipidemic subjects SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; REMNANT LIPOPROTEIN; ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN; HOMOGENEOUS ASSAY; RETINYL ESTERS; HEART-DISEASE; A-I; PLASMA; CHOLESTEROL AB Apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 is the only specific marker of intestinal lipoproteins. We evaluated a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) standardized with recombinant apo B-48 to measure apo B-48 in plasma and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs, density <1.006 g/mL). Coefficients of variation were less than 2.5%. Assay values correlated well (r = 0.82, P < .001) with values obtained by gel scanning of TRLs (n = 75 samples); however, the gel scanning method yielded values that were about 50% lower than ELISA values. About 60% to 70% of apo B-48 was found in TRLs. In 12 healthy subjects, median fasting plasma apo B-48 levels were 0.51 mg/dL and were increased by 121% to 147% in the fed state. In 63 obese Subjects, median fasting apo B-48 values were 0.82 mg/dL; and feeding resulted in almost no change in total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or total apo B values, whereas triglyceride, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, and apo B-48 levels were significantly higher (P < .05; by +73%, +58%, and +106%), and direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and direct high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower (P < .001, by -13% and -20%) than fasting values. Relative to controls, 270 hyperlipidemic subjects had significantly higher (P < .001, +115%) fasting total apo B and higher apo B-48 values (P = .06, +37%). Our data indicate that the apo B-48 ELISA tested provides highly reproducible results and is excellent for research studies. Median apo B-48 values in healthy subjects are about 0.5 mg/dL and increase more than 100% in the fed state. Elevated levels are observed in obese and hyperlipidemic Subjects. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Otokozawa, Seiko; Ai, Masumi; Diffenderfer, Margaret R.; Asztalos, Bela F.; Lamon-Fava, Stefania; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tanaka, Akira] Kagawa Nutr Univ, Nutr Clin, Saitama 3500288, Japan. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu FU Kyowa Medex, Tokyo, Japan; Denka Seiken, Tokyo Japan; National Institutes of Health [R01 HL-60935, HL74753, PO50HL083813]; United States Department of Agriculture Research Service FX S Otokozawa and M Ai were supported by research fellowships from Kyowa Medex, Tokyo, Japan, and Denka Seiken, Tokyo Japan, respectively. BF Asztalos and EJ Schaefer were supported by grants R01 HL-60935, HL74753, and PO50HL083813 from the National Institutes of Health and contract 53-3K-06 from the United States Department of Agriculture Research Service. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1536 EP 1542 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.04.040 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 512BJ UT WOS:000271217000003 PM 19592048 ER PT J AU Bell, CW Acosta-Martinez, V McIntyre, NE Cox, S Tissue, DT Zak, JC AF Bell, Colin W. Acosta-Martinez, Veronica McIntyre, Nancy E. Cox, Stephen Tissue, David T. Zak, John C. TI Linking Microbial Community Structure and Function to Seasonal Differences in Soil Moisture and Temperature in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; CROPPING SYSTEMS; LONG-TERM; BIOMASS; BIODIVERSITY AB Global and regional climate models predict higher air temperature and less frequent, but larger precipitation events in arid regions within the next century. While many studies have addressed the impact of variable climate in arid ecosystems on plant growth and physiological responses, fewer studies have addressed soil microbial community responses to seasonal shifts in precipitation and temperature in arid ecosystems. This study examined the impact of a wet (2004), average (2005), and dry (2006) year on subsequent responses of soil microbial community structure, function, and linkages, as well as soil edaphic and nutrient characteristics in a mid-elevation desert grassland in the Chihuahuan Desert. Microbial community structure was classified as bacterial (Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and actinomycetes) and fungal (saprophytic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhiza) categories using (fatty acid methyl ester) techniques. Carbon substrate use and enzymic activity was used to characterize microbial community function annually and seasonally (summer and winter). The relationship between saprophytic fungal community structure and function remained consistent across season independent of the magnitude or frequency of precipitation within any given year. Carbon utilization by fungi in the cooler winter exceeded use in the warmer summer each year suggesting that soil temperature, rather than soil moisture, strongly influenced fungal carbon use and structure and function dynamics. The structure/function relationship for AM fungi and soil bacteria notably changed across season. Moreover, the abundance of Gram-positive bacteria was lower in the winter compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial carbon use, however, was highest in the summer and lower during the winter. Enzyme activities did not respond to either annual or seasonal differences in the magnitude or timing of precipitation. Specific structural components of the soil microbiota community became uncoupled from total microbial function during different seasons. This change in the microbial structure/function relationship suggests that different components of the soil microbial community may provide similar ecosystem function, but differ in response to seasonal temperature and precipitation. As soil microbes encounter increased soil temperatures and altered precipitation amounts and timing that are predicted for this region, the ability of the soil microbial community to maintain functional resilience across the year may be reduced in this Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem. C1 [Bell, Colin W.; McIntyre, Nancy E.; Tissue, David T.; Zak, John C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Acosta-Martinez, Veronica] USDA, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Cox, Stephen] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Tissue, David T.] Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Plant & Food Sci, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. RP Bell, CW (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM colin.bell@ttu.edu RI Cox, Stephen/A-5037-2010; yang, lixia/D-7815-2011; bell, colin/G-5907-2011; Tissue, David/H-6596-2015 OI Tissue, David/0000-0002-8497-2047 FU USGS Global Climate Change Small Watershed; US National Park Service FX This research was funded by the USGS Global Climate Change Small Watershed Project (J. Zak) and US National Park Service (J. Zak, D. Tissue). Special thanks are extended to Joe Sirotnak along with the rest of the research staff at BBNP for continued support and cooperation. The authors would lastly like to extend thanks to Natasja Van Gestel and Heath Grizzle from Texas Tech University for their continued support as friends and peers throughout this research endeavor both in the field and in the lab. NR 89 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 130 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 EI 1432-184X J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 827 EP 842 DI 10.1007/s00248-009-9529-5 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 515HS UT WOS:000271461000013 PM 19466479 ER PT J AU Wilson, MK Lane, AB Law, BF Miller, WG Joens, LA Konkel, ME White, BA AF Wilson, Melissa K. Lane, Alison B. Law, Bibiana F. Miller, William G. Joens, Lynn A. Konkel, Michael E. White, Bryan A. TI Analysis of the Pan Genome of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates Recovered from Poultry by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), and Repetitive Sequence Polymerase Chain Reaction (rep-PCR) Reveals Different Discriminatory Capabilities SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN; SYSTEM; COLI AB Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading bacterial causes of food-borne illness in the USA. Molecular typing methods are often used in food safety for identifying sources of infection and pathways of transmission. Moreover, the identification of genetically related isolates (i.e., clades) may facilitate the development of intervention strategies for control and prevention of food-borne diseases. We analyzed the pan genome (i.e., core and variable genes) of 63 C. jejuni isolates recovered from chickens raised in conventional, organic, and free-range poultry flocks to gain insight into the genetic diversity of C. jejuni isolates recovered from different environments. We assessed the discriminatory power of three genotyping methods [i.e., pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR)]. The rep-PCR fingerprint was generated by determining the presence of repetitive sequences that are interspersed throughout the genome via repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR), and BOX element PCR (BOX-PCR) and combining the data to form a composite fingerprint. The genetic fingerprints were subjected to computer-assisted pattern analysis. Comparison of the three genotypic methods revealed that repREB-PCR showed greater discriminatory power than PFGE and MLST. ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR yielded the highest number of PCR products and greatest reproducibility. Regardless of the genotyping method, C. jejuni isolates recovered from chickens reared in conventional, organic, and free-range environments all exhibit a high level of genotypic diversity. C1 [White, Bryan A.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wilson, Melissa K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lane, Alison B.; Konkel, Michael E.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Law, Bibiana F.; Joens, Lynn A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Miller, William G.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP White, BA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bwhite44@illinois.edu FU USDA-NRI; Food Safety Coordinated Agricultural; Food Safety Research and Response Network; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2001-52100-11527] FX This work is supported by the USDA-NRI, the Food Safety Coordinated Agricultural Program, and the Food Safety Research and Response Network. MKW is funded by the Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems Grant no. 2001-52100-11527 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 843 EP 855 DI 10.1007/s00248-009-9571-3 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 515HS UT WOS:000271461000014 PM 19697077 ER PT J AU Adesemoye, AO Torbert, HA Kloepper, JW AF Adesemoye, A. O. Torbert, H. A. Kloepper, J. W. TI Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Allow Reduced Application Rates of Chemical Fertilizers SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA; NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; SOIL; INOCULATION; RHIZOSPHERE; WHEAT; FIELD; PGPR; L. AB The search for microorganisms that improve soil fertility and enhance plant nutrition has continued to attract attention due to the increasing cost of fertilizers and some of their negative environmental impacts. The objectives of this greenhouse study with tomato were to determine (1) if reduced rates of inorganic fertilizer coupled with microbial inoculants will produce plant growth, yield, and nutrient uptake levels equivalent to those with full rates of the fertilizer and (2) the minimum level to which fertilizer could be reduced when inoculants were used. The microbial inoculants used in the study were a mixture of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IN937a and Bacillus pumilus T4, a formulated PGPR product, and the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF), Glomus intraradices. Results showed that supplementing 75% of the recommended fertilizer rate with inoculants produced plant growth, yield, and nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) uptake that were statistically equivalent to the full fertilizer rate without inoculants. When inoculants were used with rates of fertilizer below 75% of the recommended rate, the beneficial effects were usually not consistent; however, inoculation with the mixture of PGPR and AMF at 70% fertility consistently produced the same yield as the full fertility rate without inoculants. Without inoculants, use of fertilizer rates lower than the recommended resulted in significantly less plant growth, yield, and nutrient uptake or inconsistent impacts. The results suggest that PGPR-based inoculants can be used and should be further evaluated as components of integrated nutrient management strategies. C1 [Adesemoye, A. O.; Kloepper, J. W.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Torbert, H. A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Adesemoye, AO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 209 Life Sci Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM adeseao@auburn.edu; allen.torbert@ars.usda.gov; kloepjw@auburn.edu NR 42 TC 147 Z9 165 U1 22 U2 105 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 921 EP 929 DI 10.1007/s00248-009-9531-y PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 515HS UT WOS:000271461000020 PM 19466478 ER PT J AU Uhlich, GA AF Uhlich, Gaylen A. TI KatP contributes to OxyR-regulated hydrogen peroxide resistance in Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID ALKYL HYDROPEROXIDE REDUCTASE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; VIRULENCE FACTORS; BIOFILM FORMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEAT-SHOCK; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; DEFENSES AB Escherichia coli K-12 defends itself against peroxide-mediated oxidative damage using two catalases, KatG and KatE, and the peroxiredoxin, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, encoded by ahpC. In E coli O157:H7 strain ATCC 43895 (EDL933), plasmid pO157 carries an additional catalase-peroxidase gene, katP. KatP has been shown to be a functional catalase-peroxidase. However, deletion of pO157 does not alter the peroxide resistance of strain EDL933, leaving the physiological role of katP unclear. To examine the individual roles of peroxide-resistance genes in E coli O157:H7, mutant strains of ATCC 43895 were constructed bearing individual deletions of katG, katE, katP and ahpC, as well as double, triple and quadruple deletions encompassing all possible gene combinations thereof. The wild-type and all 15 mutant strains were compared for differences in aerobic growth, ability to scavenge exogenous H(2)O(2) and resistance to exogenous peroxides. Although KatG scavenged the most exogenous H(2)O(2), KatP scavenged statistically greater amounts than either KatE or AhpC during exponential growth. However, katG and ahpC together were sufficient for full peroxide resistance in disc diffusion assays. Strains with only katG or ahpC were the only triple deletion strains with significantly shorter generation times than the quadruple deletion strain. ahpC was the only gene that could allow rapid transition from lag phase to exponential phase in a triple deletion strain. Gene expression studies revealed that katP is an OxyR-regulated gene, but its expression is suppressed in stationary phase by RpoS. These studies indicate that pO157-borne katP contributes to the complex gene network protecting strain 43895 from peroxide-mediated oxidative damage in an OxyR-dependent manner. C1 ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Uhlich, GA (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA USA. EM gaylen.uhlich@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD NOV PY 2009 VL 155 BP 3589 EP 3598 DI 10.1099/mic.0.1331435-0 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 524CL UT WOS:000272121300014 PM 19713239 ER PT J AU Janagama, HK Senthilkumar, TMA Bannantine, JP Rodriguez, GM Smith, I Paustian, ML McGarvey, JA Sreevatsan, S AF Janagama, Harish K. Senthilkumar, T. M. A. Bannantine, John P. Rodriguez, G. Marcela Smith, Issar Paustian, Michael L. McGarvey, Jeffery A. Sreevatsan, Srinand TI Identification and functional characterization of the iron-dependent regulator (IdeR) of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE-STRESS-RESPONSE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TUBERCULOSIS; MACROPHAGES; GENE; ACQUISITION; METABOLISM; EXPRESSION AB Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne's disease in cattle and sheep, has unique iron requirements in that it is mycobactin-dependent for cultivation in vitro. The iron-dependent regulator (IdeR) is a well-characterized global regulator responsible for maintaining iron homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). We identified an orthologous segment in the MAP genome, MAP2827, with >93% amino acid identity to MTB IdeR. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase protection assays confirmed that MAP2827 binds the 19 bp consensus motif (iron box) on the MAP genome. Sequencing of MAP2827 from multiple isolates revealed a non-synonymous change (R91G) exclusive to sheep strains. Reporter gene assays and quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays in two diverse MAP strains and in an ideR deletion mutant of M. smegmatis (mc(2)155) suggested that both sheep MAP IdeR (sIdeR) and cattle MAP IdeR (cIdeR) repress mbtB transcription at high iron concentrations and relieve repression at low iron concentrations. On the other hand, bfrA (an iron storage gene) was upregulated by cIdeR when presented with MTB or the cattle MAP bfrA promoter, and was downregulated by sIdeR in the presence of MTB, or sheep or cattle MAP bfrA promoters, at high iron concentrations. The differential iron regulatory mechanisms between IdeR-regulated genes across strains may contribute to the differential growth or pathogenic characteristics of sheep and cattle MAP strains. Taken together, our study provides a possible reason for mycobactin dependency and suggests strong implications in the differential iron acquisition and storage mechanisms in MAP. C1 [Janagama, Harish K.; Senthilkumar, T. M. A.; Sreevatsan, Srinand] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bannantine, John P.; Paustian, Michael L.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Rodriguez, G. Marcela; Smith, Issar] UMNDJ New Jersey Med Sch, PHRI, Newark, NJ USA. [McGarvey, Jeffery A.] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Sreevatsan, Srinand] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sreevatsan, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Populat Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sreev001@umn.edu OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898; Sreevatsan, Srinand/0000-0002-5162-2403 FU USDA-NRI [2005-3520416106]; Johne's Disease Integrated Program (USDA-CSREES) [2008-55620-18710]; NIH [AI44856] FX This work was supported in part by a USDA-NRI grant (2005-3520416106) and Johne's Disease Integrated Program (USDA-CSREES 2008-55620-18710) awarded to S. S. The work was also supported by an NIH grant (AI44856) awarded to I. S. We would like to thank the Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, Biomedical Genomics Center and Computational Genetics Laboratory at the University of Minnesota for providing resources and services to perform these studies. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD NOV PY 2009 VL 155 BP 3683 EP 3690 DI 10.1099/mic.0.031948-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 524CL UT WOS:000272121300023 PM 19684064 ER PT J AU Barak, JD Gorski, L Liang, AS Narm, KE AF Barak, Jeri D. Gorski, Lisa Liang, Anita S. Narm, Koh-Eun TI Previously uncharacterized Salmonella enterica genes required for swarming play a role in seedling colonization SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; ALFALFA SPROUTS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; DIFFERENTIATION; ATTACHMENT; MOTILITY; PLANTS; BACTERIA; STRAINS AB Incidences of bacterial foodborne illness caused by ingestion of fresh produce are rising. Instead of this being due to incidental contamination, the animal pathogen Salmonella enterica utilizes specific molecular mechanisms to attach to and colonize plants. This work characterizes two S. enterica genes of unknown function: a putative periplasmic protein, STM0278, and a putative protein with a hydrolase in the C-terminus, STIM0650. STM0278 and STM0650 are important for seedling colonization but appear to have different roles during the process of colonization. Mutants of either STM0278 or STM0650 showed reduced colonization of alfalfa seedlings at 24 h, and the STM0278 mutant also showed reduced colonization at 48 h. Both genes were expressed in planta at 4 h following inoculation of 3-day-old seedlings and at 72 h after seed inoculation. This suggests that the role of STM0650 in seedling colonization is less important later in the process or is duplicated by other mechanisms. Mutants of STM0278 and STM0650 were defective in swarming. The STM0278 mutant failed to swarm in 24 h, while swarming of the STM0650 mutant was delayed. Addition of surfactant restored swarming of the STM0278 mutant, suggesting that STM0278 is involved in surfactant or osmotic agent production or deployment. Alfalfa seed exudates as the sole nutrient source were capable of perpetuating S. enterica swarming. Sequence analysis revealed sequences homologous to STM0278 and STM0650 in plant-associated bacteria, but none in Escherichia coli. Phylogenetic analysis of STM0650 showed similar sequences from diverse classes of plant-associated bacteria. Bacteria that preferentially colonize roots, including S. enterica, may use a similar hydrolase for swarming or biofilm production on plants. Multicellular behaviours by S. enterica appear central to plant colonization. S. enterica genes involved in plant colonization and survival outside of a host are most likely among the 'function unknown' genes of this bacterium. C1 [Barak, Jeri D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gorski, Lisa; Liang, Anita S.; Narm, Koh-Eun] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Barak, JD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Rm 790 Russell Labs,1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM barak@plantpath.wisc.edu FU US Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service CRIS) [5325-42000-044-00D] FX We thank J. Palumbo for helpful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. This research was partially funded by the US Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service CRIS project number 5325-42000-044-00D). NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD NOV PY 2009 VL 155 BP 3701 EP 3709 DI 10.1099/mic.0.032029-0 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 524CL UT WOS:000272121300025 PM 19713240 ER PT J AU Dunn, KA Bielawski, JP Ward, TJ Urquhart, C Gu, H AF Dunn, Katherine A. Bielawski, Joseph P. Ward, Todd J. Urquhart, Caroline Gu, Hong TI Reconciling Ecological and Genomic Divergence among Lineages of Listeria under an "Extended Mosaic Genome Concept" SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Listeria; speciation; species genome; mosaic genome; core genome; natural selection; homologous recombination; metabolic network ID VIRULENCE GENE-CLUSTER; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; METABOLIC NETWORKS; PROTEIN EVOLUTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA-SEQUENCES; MONOCYTOGENES; RECOMBINATION AB There is growing evidence for a discontinuity between genomic and ecological divergence in several groups of bacteria. This evidence is difficult to reconcile with the traditional concept that ecologically divergent species maintain a cohesive gene pool isolated from other gene pools by barriers to homologous recombination (HR). There have been several innovative models of bacterial divergence that permit such discontinuity; we refer to these, collectively, as "mosaic genome concepts" (MGCs). These concepts remain a point of contention. Here, we undertake ail investigation among ecologically divergent lineages of genus Listeria, and report Our assessment of both niche-specific selection pressure and HR in their core genome. We find evidence of a mosaic Listeria core genome. Some core genes appear to have been free to recombine across ecologically divergent lineages or across named species. In contrast, other core genes have histories consistent with the expected organism relationships and have evolved under niche-specific selective pressures. The products of some of those genes can even be linked to metabolic phenotypes with ecological significance. This finding indicates a potentially strong connection between ecological divergence and core-genome evolution, even among lineages that also experience frequent recombination. Based oil these findings, we propose an expanded role for natural selection in core-genome evolution under the MGC. C1 [Dunn, Katherine A.; Bielawski, Joseph P.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Bielawski, Joseph P.; Urquhart, Caroline; Gu, Hong] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Ward, Todd J.] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Dunn, KA (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM kathy.dunn@dal.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [DG298349, DG40156]; Canadian Foundation [NOF10394]; Genome Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Tula Foundation FX This work was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada awarded to J.P.B. (DG298349) and H.G. (DG40156), a grant from the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (NOF10394) awarded to J.P.B. K.A.D. was supported in part by fellowships from Genome Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Tula Foundation. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2605 EP 2615 DI 10.1093/molbev/msp176 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 514UX UT WOS:000271422300019 PM 19666992 ER PT J AU Pollegioni, P Woeste, K Mugnozza, GS Malvolti, ME AF Pollegioni, Paola Woeste, Keith Mugnozza, Giuseppe Scarascia Malvolti, Maria Emilia TI Retrospective identification of hybridogenic walnut plants by SSR fingerprinting and parentage analysis SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Juglans nigra; Juglans regia; Hybrids; Microsatellites; Fingerprinting; Parentage analysis ID JUGLANS-REGIA L; PATERNITY ANALYSIS; POLLEN DISPERSAL; GENE FLOW; MICROSATELLITES; GERMINATION; POPULATION; EUCALYPTUS; PATTERNS; MARKERS AB Juglans x intermedia (Juglans nigra x Juglans regia) is considered the prototype walnut for quality wood production in Europe. Hybridization between the parental species is rare under natural conditions and difficult using controlled pollination because of phenological and genetic incompatibilities. The identification of hybridogenic parents is the first step toward obtaining hybrid progeny. We report the application of microsatellite markers for DNA fingerprinting and parentage analysis of half-sib families collected in a natural mixed population for which no phenological and morphological data were available. Ten nuclear, neutral, simple sequence repeat markers were used to analyse 600 samples. The high levels of polymorphism detected positively influenced the exclusion and identity probabilities. The assignment analysis revealed the presence of 198 diploid J. x intermedia hybrids among the seedling progeny. Maternity checks were performed on all individuals and few errors of sampling were found. Four distinct hybridogenic mother trees were identified, each showing different reproductive success rates. The 198 diploid hybrids belonged to four open-pollinated families based on an analysis of paternity using a likelihood approach. Differential male reproductive success was observed among pollen donors within the research site. Forty-nine of the 198 diploid hybrids detected in four progenies were sired by only three J. regia genotypes. Backward selection might be used to establish new seed orchards for inter-specific F(1) hybrid production using genotypes with demonstrated compatibility. C1 [Pollegioni, Paola; Malvolti, Maria Emilia] CNR, Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, I-05010 Porano, Terni, Italy. [Woeste, Keith] Purdue Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources,Hardwood Tree Impro, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Mugnozza, Giuseppe Scarascia] CRA Dept Agron Forestry & Land Use, I-00184 Rome, Italy. RP Malvolti, ME (reprint author), CNR, Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, Viale Marconi 2, I-05010 Porano, Terni, Italy. EM paola.pollegioni@ibaf.cnr.it; kwoeste@fs.fed.us; giuseppe.scarascia@entecra.it; mimi@ibaf.cnr.it FU Tuscia University of Viterbo; Italian Ministry of Agricultural Policy FX This research was supported by a PhD fellowship from Tuscia University of Viterbo and developed in the framework of the Italian Project "RI.SEL.ITALIA"(the Italian Ministry of Agricultural Policy, Sottoprogetto 1.1 "Biodiversita e Produzione di Materiale Forestale di Propagazione) coordinator Dr. Fulvio Ducci (CRA Ist. of Selviculture, Arezzo, Italy). The authors thanks Dr. Agnes Major, Marcello Cherubini and Daniela Taurchini for their support in statistical and laboratory analysis. The use of trade names is for the information and convenience of the reader and does not imply official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 321 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s11032-009-9294-7 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 507RD UT WOS:000270871400001 ER PT J AU Sattler, SE Singh, J Haas, EJ Guo, LN Sarath, G Pedersen, JF AF Sattler, Scott E. Singh, Jaswinder Haas, Eric J. Guo, Lining Sarath, Gautam Pedersen, Jeffrey F. TI Two distinct waxy alleles impact the granule-bound starch synthase in sorghum SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Waxy; Granule-bound starch synthase; Sorghum bicolor; Amylose; Amylopectin ID SWISS-MODEL REPOSITORY; AMYLOSE CONTENT; MAIZE STARCH; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; PROTEIN; AMYLOPECTIN; ENDOSPERM; LOCUS; METABOLISM AB The granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) is the enzyme responsible for amylose synthesis in starch granules. Loss of GBSS activity results in starch granules containing mostly amylopectin and little or no amylose, a phenotype described as waxy. Previously, two phenotypic classes of waxy alleles were identified in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) characterized by the absence (waxy (a) ; wx (a) ) or presence (waxy (b) ; wx (b) ) of the GBSS protein in the endosperm. To characterize these alleles, we examined endosperm architecture using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), assayed GBSS enzymatic activities, and identified DNA lesions associated with the mutations in the GBSS (Sb10g002140) gene. wx (a) , the allele present in B Tx630 and R Tx2907, contained a large insertion in the third exon, which was consistent with the absence of the GBSS protein previously observed. wx (b) , the allele present in B 9307 and B TxARG1, contained a missense mutation that resulted in conversion of glutamine 268 to histidine in a conserved domain in starch synthases. In wx (b) , GBSS activity was less than 25% that of the non-waxy line B Wheatland, and GBSS activity was not detected in wx (a) . SEM showed that endosperm architecture was very similar in both wx (a) and wx (b) alleles, but altered in comparison to non-waxy lines R Tx430 and B Wheatland. Both alleles may have a range of potential applications in grain sorghum because of low amylose content in their starch and the presence or absence of the GBSS protein. PCR based markers were developed for both the wx (a) and the wx (b) alleles to aid in molecular breeding of low amylose sorghum. C1 [Sattler, Scott E.; Guo, Lining; Sarath, Gautam; Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sattler, Scott E.; Guo, Lining; Sarath, Gautam; Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Singh, Jaswinder] McGill Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Montreal, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. [Haas, Eric J.] Creighton Univ, Dept Chem, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. RP Sattler, SE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Scott.Sattler@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 349 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s11032-009-9296-5 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 507RD UT WOS:000270871400003 ER PT J AU Leger, EA Espeland, EK Merrill, KR Meyer, SE AF Leger, Elizabeth A. Espeland, Erin K. Merrill, Keith R. Meyer, Susan E. TI Genetic variation and local adaptation at a cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion edge in western Nevada SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; local adaptation; natural selection; range limits; secondary invasion; selfing ID NORTH-AMERICA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ECOLOGICAL GENETICS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; PLANT INVASIONS; POPULATION-GENETICS; SPECIES INVASIONS; NATURAL-SELECTION; EVOLUTION; POACEAE AB Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is an invasive weed in western North America found primarily growing at elevations less than 2200 m. We asked whether cheatgrass is capable of becoming adapted to a marginal habitat, by investigating a population at a high elevation invasion edge. We used a combination of methods, including reciprocal field transplants, controlled environment studies and molecular analysis. High levels of SSR gene diversity (0.50 vs. 0.43) and comparable variation in phenotypic traits were observed at both the invasion edge and a low elevation, high-density population. Three heterozygotes were observed in the edge population, which is unusual in this predominantly self-pollinating plant. Plants from high elevations germinated more slowly in a growth chamber and had slower seedling growth rates. Survivorship was low at the edge (13%), compared with the low elevation site (55%), but surviving plants were of similar size and had equivalent reproductive output. Seed size positively affected survival and plant performance in the field and this trait was inherited. Emergence timing affected survival at the low elevation site and germination timing was also inherited. Local adaptation was seen in the low, rather than in the high elevation site, because of differential survival. While there was no evidence for local adaptation to the high elevation site observed in the field, family level and genotype-level differences in traits that affected field performance, high genetic diversity at the invasion edge, and evidence of outcrossing in this highly selfing species indicates that the potential for adaptation to a marginal habitat exists within this population. C1 [Leger, Elizabeth A.; Espeland, Erin K.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Espeland, Erin K.] ARS, USDA, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Merrill, Keith R.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84601 USA. [Meyer, Susan E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Leger, EA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1664 N Virginia St,MS 370, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM eleger@cabnr.unr.edu OI Espeland, Erin/0000-0001-8541-3610 FU University of Nevada, Reno FX Funding was provided by the University of Nevada, Reno. We thank Hiroaki Zamma, Akiko Endo and Taraneh Emam for invaluable assistance in the laboratory and in the field, and Matthew Forister for a helpful manuscript review. NR 72 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 18 IS 21 BP 4366 EP 4379 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04357.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 507CX UT WOS:000270829700005 PM 19769691 ER PT J AU Almany, GR De Arruda, MP Arthofer, W Atallah, ZK Beissinger, SR Berumen, ML Bogdanowicz, SM Brown, SD Bruford, MW Burdine, C Busch, JW Campbell, NR Carey, D Carstens, BC Chu, KH Cubeta, MA Cuda, JP Cui, ZX Datnoff, LE Davila, JA Davis, ES Davis, RM Diekmann, OE Eizirik, E Fargallo, JA Fernandes, F Fukuda, H Gale, LR Gallagher, E Gao, YQ Girard, P Godhe, A Goncalves, EC Gouveia, L Grajczyk, AM Grose, MJ Gu, ZF Hallden, C Harnstrom, K Hemmingsen, AH Holmes, G Huang, CH Huang, CC Hudman, SP Jones, GP Kanetis, L Karunasagar, I Karunasagar, I Keyghobadi, N Klosterman, SJ Klug, PE Koch, J Koopman, MM Koppler, K Koshimizu, E Krumbock, S Kubisiak, T Landis, JB Lasta, ML Lee, CY Li, QQ Li, SH Lin, RC Liu, M Liu, N Liu, WC Liu, Y Loiseau, A Luan, WS Maruthachalam, KK McCormick, HM Mellick, R Monnahan, PJ Morielle-Versute, E Murray, TE Narum, SR Neufeld, K de Nova, PJG Ojiambo, PS Okamoto, N Othman, AS Overholt, WA Pardini, R Paterson, IG Patty, OA Paxton, RJ Planes, S Porter, C Pratchett, MS Puttker, T Rasic, G Rasool, B Rey, O Riegler, M Riehl, C Roberts, JMK Roberts, PD Rochel, E Roe, KJ Rossetto, M Ruzzante, DE Sakamoto, T Saravanan, V Sarturi, CR Schmidt, A Schneider, MPC Schuler, H Serb, JM Serrao, ETA Shi, YH Silva, A Sin, YW Sommer, S Stauffer, C Strussmann, CA Subbarao, KV Syms, C Tan, F Tejedor, ED Thorrold, SR Trigiano, RN Trucco, MI Tsuchiya-Jerep, MTN Vergara, P van de Vliet, MS Wadl, PA Wang, AM Wang, HX Wang, RX Wang, XW Wang, Y Weeks, AR Wei, FW Werner, WJ Wiley, EO Williams, DA Wilkins, RJ Wisely, SM With, KA Wu, DH Yao, CT Yau, C Yeap, BK Zhai, BP Zhan, XJ Zhang, GY Zhang, SY Zhao, R Zhu, LF AF Almany, Glenn R. De Arruda, Mauricio P. Arthofer, Wolfgang Atallah, Z. K. Beissinger, Steven R. Berumen, Michael L. Bogdanowicz, S. M. Brown, S. D. Bruford, Michael W. Burdine, C. Busch, Jeremiah W. Campbell, Nathan R. Carey, D. Carstens, Bryan C. Chu, K. H. Cubeta, Marc A. Cuda, J. P. Cui, Zhaoxia Datnoff, L. E. Davila, J. A. Davis, Emily S. Davis, R. M. Diekmann, Onno E. Eizirik, Eduardo Fargallo, J. A. Fernandes, Fabiano Fukuda, Hideo Gale, L. R. Gallagher, Elizabeth Gao, Yongqiang Girard, Philippe Godhe, Anna Goncalves, Evonnildo C. Gouveia, Licinia Grajczyk, Amber M. Grose, M. J. Gu, Zhifeng Hallden, Christer Harnstrom, Karolina Hemmingsen, Amanda H. Holmes, Gerald Huang, C. H. Huang, Chuan-Chin Hudman, S. P. Jones, Geoffrey P. Kanetis, Loukas Karunasagar, Iddya Karunasagar, Indrani Keyghobadi, Nusha Klosterman, S. J. Klug, Page E. Koch, J. Koopman, Margaret M. Koeppler, Kirsten Koshimizu, Eriko Krumboeck, Susanne Kubisiak, T. Landis, J. B. Lasta, Mario L. Lee, Chow-Yang Li, Qianqian Li, Shou-Hsien Lin, Rong-Chien Liu, M. Liu, Na Liu, W. C. Liu, Yuan Loiseau, A. Luan, Weisha Maruthachalam, K. K. McCormick, Helen M. Mellick, Rohan Monnahan, P. J. Morielle-Versute, Eliana Murray, Tomas E. Narum, Shawn R. Neufeld, Katie de Nova, P. J. G. Ojiambo, Peter S. Okamoto, Nobuaki Othman, Ahmad Sofiman Overholt, W. A. Pardini, Renata Paterson, Ian G. Patty, Olivia A. Paxton, Robert J. Planes, Serge Porter, Carolyn Pratchett, Morgan S. Puettker, Thomas Rasic, Gordana Rasool, Bilal Rey, O. Riegler, Markus Riehl, C. Roberts, John M. K. Roberts, P. D. Rochel, Elisabeth Roe, Kevin J. Rossetto, Maurizio Ruzzante, Daniel E. Sakamoto, Takashi Saravanan, V. Sarturi, Cladinara Roberts Schmidt, Anke Cruz Schneider, Maria Paula Schuler, Hannes Serb, Jeanne M. Serrao, Ester T. A. Shi, Yaohua Silva, Artur Sin, Y. W. Sommer, Simone Stauffer, Christian Struessmann, Carlos Augusto Subbarao, K. V. Syms, Craig Tan, Feng Tejedor, Eugenio Daniel Thorrold, Simon R. Trigiano, Robert N. Trucco, Maria I. Nunes Tsuchiya-Jerep, Mirian Tieko Vergara, P. van de Vliet, Mirjam S. Wadl, Phillip A. Wang, Aimin Wang, Hongxia Wang, R. X. Wang, Xinwang Wang, Yan Weeks, Andrew R. Wei, Fuwen Werner, William J. Wiley, E. O. Williams, D. A. Wilkins, Richard J. Wisely, Samantha M. With, Kimberly A. Wu, Danhua Yao, Cheng-Te Yau, Cynthia Yeap, Beng-Keok Zhai, Bao-Ping Zhan, Xiangjiang Zhang, Guo-Yan Zhang, S. Y. Zhao, Ru Zhu, Lifeng CA Mol Ecol Resources TI Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 May 2009-31 July 2009 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB This article documents the addition of 512 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia, Bashania fangiana, Bashania fargesii, Chaetodon vagabundus, Colletes floralis, Coluber constrictor flaviventris, Coptotermes gestroi, Crotophaga major, Cyprinella lutrensis, Danaus plexippus, Fagus grandifolia, Falco tinnunculus, Fletcherimyia fletcheri, Hydrilla verticillata, Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus, Leavenworthia alabamica, Marmosops incanus, Miichthys miiuy, Nasua nasua, Noturus exilis, Odontesthes bonariensis, Quadrula fragosa, Pinctada maxima, Pseudaletia separata, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Podocarpus elatus, Portunus trituberculatus, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhinella schneideri, Sarracenia alata, Skeletonema marinoi, Sminthurus viridis, Syngnathus abaster, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis, Verticillium dahliae, Wasmannia auropunctata, and Zygochlamys patagonica. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Chaetodon baronessa, Falco columbarius, Falco eleonorae, Falco naumanni, Falco peregrinus, Falco subbuteo, Didelphis aurita, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Marmosops paulensis, Monodelphis Americana, Odontesthes hatcheri, Podocarpus grayi, Podocarpus lawrencei, Podocarpus smithii, Portunus pelagicus, Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus typhle,Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli and Verticillium albo-atrum. This article also documents the addition of nine sequencing primer pairs and sixteen allele specific primers or probes for Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; these primers and assays were cross-tested in both species. C1 [Almany, Glenn R.; Berumen, Michael L.; Jones, Geoffrey P.; Pratchett, Morgan S.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Arthofer, Wolfgang] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Atallah, Z. K.; Davis, R. M.; Maruthachalam, K. K.; Subbarao, K. V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Beissinger, Steven R.; Girard, Philippe] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Berumen, Michael L.; Thorrold, Simon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Bogdanowicz, S. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Brown, S. D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bruford, Michael W.; Zhan, Xiangjiang] Cardiff Univ, Biodivers & Ecol Proc Grp, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales. [Burdine, C.; Kubisiak, T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Busch, Jeremiah W.; Werner, William J.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Carey, D.; Koch, J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Chu, K. H.; Sin, Y. W.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol, Simon FS Li Marine Sci Lab, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Cubeta, Marc A.; Holmes, Gerald; Kanetis, Loukas; Neufeld, Katie; Ojiambo, Peter S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27650 USA. [Cuda, J. P.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cui, Zhaoxia; Li, Qianqian; Liu, Yuan; Luan, Weisha; Tan, Feng; Wang, Hongxia; Wu, Danhua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, EMBL, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Datnoff, L. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Davila, J. A.; de Nova, P. J. G.] CSIC, UCLM, JCCM, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget,IREC, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain. [Davis, Emily S.; Murray, Tomas E.; Paxton, Robert J.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. [Diekmann, Onno E.; Gouveia, Licinia; Serrao, Ester T. A.; van de Vliet, Mirjam S.] Univ Algarve, CCMAR, CIMAR, FCMA, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal. [Eizirik, Eduardo; Sarturi, Cladinara Roberts; Nunes Tsuchiya-Jerep, Mirian Tieko] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Biociencias, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Eizirik, Eduardo] Inst Procarnivoros, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Fargallo, J. A.] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Fernandes, Fabiano; Puettker, Thomas; Schmidt, Anke; Sommer, Simone] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. [Fukuda, Hideo; Koshimizu, Eriko; Okamoto, Nobuaki; Sakamoto, Takashi; Struessmann, Carlos Augusto] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan. [Gale, L. R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gao, Yongqiang] Motianling Nat Reserve, Mian Cty 724201, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Godhe, Anna; Harnstrom, Karolina] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Marine Ecol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Goncalves, Evonnildo C.; Cruz Schneider, Maria Paula; Silva, Artur] UFPA, Inst Ciencias Biol, Lab Polimorfismo DNA, Belem, Para, Brazil. [Grajczyk, Amber M.; Williams, D. A.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. [Grose, M. J.; Landis, J. B.; Wiley, E. O.] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Gu, Zhifeng; Liu, Na; Shi, Yaohua; Wang, Aimin; Wang, Yan] Hainan Univ, Ocean Coll, Key Lab Trop Biol Resources, Hainan Key Lab Trop Hydrobiol Technol,MOE, Haikou 570228, Hainan, Peoples R China. [Hallden, Christer] Malmo Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Swegene Ctr Profiling Polygen Dis, SE-20502 Malmo, Sweden. [Hemmingsen, Amanda H.; Serb, Jeanne M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Huang, Chuan-Chin] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Hudman, S. P.; Monnahan, P. J.] Truman State Univ, Dept Biol, Kirksville, MO 63501 USA. [Jones, Geoffrey P.; Syms, Craig] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Karunasagar, Iddya; Karunasagar, Indrani; Saravanan, V.] Karnataka Vet Anim & Fisheries Sci Univ, Dept Fishery Microbiol, Coll Fisheries, Mangalore 575002, India. [Keyghobadi, Nusha; Rasic, Gordana] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Klug, Page E.; Wisely, Samantha M.; With, Kimberly A.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Koeppler, Kirsten] Inst Plant Protect Fruit Crops & Viticulture, Julius Kuhn Inst, Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants, Dossenheim, Germany. [Krumboeck, Susanne; Rasool, Bilal; Schuler, Hannes; Stauffer, Christian] Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci BOKU, Inst Forest Entomol Forest Pathol & Forest Protec, Dept Forest & Soil Sci, Vienna, Austria. [Landis, J. B.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Lasta, Mario L.; Trucco, Maria I.] INIDEP, Mar Del Plata, Argentina. [Lee, Chow-Yang; Othman, Ahmad Sofiman; Yeap, Beng-Keok] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Biol Sci, George Town 11800, Malaysia. [Li, Shou-Hsien; Lin, Rong-Chien] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Life Sci, Taipei 116, Taiwan. [Liu, M.; Wang, R. X.; Zhao, Ru] Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Hangzhou 316000, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Liu, W. C.; Zhang, S. Y.; Zhao, Ru] E China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Li, Qianqian; Liu, Yuan; Luan, Weisha] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Loiseau, A.; McCormick, Helen M.; Patty, Olivia A.; Rey, O.; Wilkins, Richard J.] Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, Ctr Biol & Gest Populat, UMR,IRD, Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Mellick, Rohan; Porter, Carolyn; Rossetto, Maurizio] Bot Gardens Trust, Natl Herbarium NSW, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. [Mellick, Rohan] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Overholt, W. A.] Univ Florida, Biol Control Res & Containment Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Paterson, Ian G.; Ruzzante, Daniel E.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Marine Gene Probe Lab, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Planes, Serge; Rochel, Elisabeth] Univ Perpignan, CNRS, UMR 5244,EPHE,UPVD, Ctr Biol & Ecol Trop & Mediterraneenne, F-66860 Perpignan, France. [Riegler, Markus] Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Plants & Environm, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. [Riehl, C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Riehl, C.] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & Immunoecol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Roberts, John M. K.; Weeks, Andrew R.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Genet, Ctr Environm Stress & Adaptat Res, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Roberts, P. D.] Univ Florida, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. [Roe, Kevin J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tejedor, Eugenio Daniel] La Plata Natl Univ, Vet Coll, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Trigiano, Robert N.; Wadl, Phillip A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Xinwang] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Wei, Fuwen; Zhan, Xiangjiang; Zhu, Lifeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Key Lab Anim Ecol & Conservat Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Yao, Cheng-Te] Taiwan Endem Species Res Inst, Div Zool, Ji Ji 552, Nantou County, Taiwan. [Yao, Cheng-Te] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Life Sci, Tainan 701, Taiwan. [De Arruda, Mauricio P.; Morielle-Versute, Eliana] Univ Estadual Paulista, Lab Chiroptera, Dept Bot & Zool, UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Campbell, Nathan R.; Narum, Shawn R.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Columbia, ID 83332 USA. [Carstens, Bryan C.; Gallagher, Elizabeth; Koopman, Margaret M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Grose, M. J.; Landis, J. B.; Wiley, E. O.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Inst, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Klosterman, S. J.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA USA. [Pardini, Renata] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Vergara, P.] Univ Aberdeen, ACES, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Vergara, P.] Sch Biol Sci, Macaulay Inst, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Mol Ecol Resources] Mol Ecol Resources Editorial Off, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Huang, C. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Yau, Cynthia] Univ Hong Kong, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Div Ecol & Biodivers, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Zhai, Bao-Ping] Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Entomol, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Guo-Yan] Plant Protect & Quarantine Stn Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. RP Almany, GR (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RI Eizirik, Eduardo/K-8034-2012; Lee, Chow-Yang/C-7129-2009; Berumen, Michael/F-7745-2011; Carstens, Bryan/B-8602-2013; Bruford, Michael/D-3750-2009; Chu, Ka Hou/B-8010-2011; Pratchett, Morgan /A-9256-2010; Pardini, Renata/C-4095-2012; Vergara, Pablo/G-1860-2010; Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012; Morielle-Versute, Eliana/H-3586-2012; Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012; jones, geoffrey/E-9306-2010; Murray, Tomas/C-5540-2013; Serrao, Ester/C-6686-2012; Fargallo, Juan/I-5585-2015; Mellick, Rohan/H-4555-2014; Kanetis, Loukas/D-1286-2016; Williams, Dean/H-6108-2016; Schuler, Hannes/Q-4825-2016; Busch, Jeremiah/D-9259-2013; Puettker, Thomas/K-9069-2013; Gouveia, Licinia/M-7650-2013; diekmann, onno/G-4076-2011; UALG, CCMAR/N-7071-2013; Silva, Artur/E-1474-2014; With, Kimberly/J-5124-2014; Gomez de Nova, Pedro Jose/L-4171-2014; Evolutionary Ecology, Ecologia Evolutiva/M-3553-2014; Strussmann, Carlos/O-1932-2014; SAKAMOTO, Takashi/O-1949-2014; Paxton, Robert/D-7082-2015; OI Eizirik, Eduardo/0000-0002-9658-0999; Lee, Chow-Yang/0000-0001-8279-4104; Berumen, Michael/0000-0003-2463-2742; Carstens, Bryan/0000-0002-1552-227X; Bruford, Michael/0000-0001-6357-6080; Chu, Ka Hou/0000-0001-8107-5415; Pratchett, Morgan /0000-0002-1862-8459; Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517; jones, geoffrey/0000-0002-6244-1245; Serrao, Ester/0000-0003-1316-658X; Fargallo, Juan/0000-0003-4090-9000; Kanetis, Loukas/0000-0002-1869-558X; Williams, Dean/0000-0002-9001-6019; Klug, Page/0000-0002-0836-3901; Gouveia, Licinia/0000-0002-5531-8476; diekmann, onno/0000-0002-6141-3429; With, Kimberly/0000-0001-5570-1515; Gomez de Nova, Pedro Jose/0000-0001-9725-6747; SAKAMOTO, Takashi/0000-0002-8399-851X; Paxton, Robert/0000-0003-2517-1351; Weeks, Andrew/0000-0003-3081-135X; Rasic, Gordana/0000-0002-3057-0093; Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 NR 0 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1460 EP 1466 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02759.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 506PK UT WOS:000270787500005 ER PT J AU Ascunce, MS Bouwma, AM Shoemaker, D AF Ascunce, Marina S. Bouwma, Andrew M. Shoemaker, Dewayne TI Characterization of 24 microsatellite markers in 11 species of fire ants in the genus Solenopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE fire ants; genetics; microsatellite; social parasite ID DAGUERREI HYMENOPTERA; ARGENTINA; SOFTWARE AB The social parasite ant Solenopsis daguerrei infests colonies of several mound-building fire ant species. Twenty-four microsatellite markers were isolated from a repeat-enriched genomic library of S. daguerrei. Eleven loci were polymorphic in this ant with two to six alleles per locus. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.0222 to 0.7940 among loci. Most microsatellites amplified successfully across the 11 Solenopsis species tested and will be useful for evolutionary genetic studies in this diverse ant group. C1 [Ascunce, Marina S.; Bouwma, Andrew M.; Shoemaker, Dewayne] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Bouwma, Andrew M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Coll Agr, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Ascunce, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM marina.ascunce@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture NRICGP [2006-35302-17451, 2006-35302-18001] FX Luis Calcaterra and Juan Briano (USDA, SABCL), Alicia Delgado and Juan Livore collaborated in the collection of some of the samples. We thank Dietrich Gotzek for providing samples of Solenopsis xyloni, Solenopsis virulens, Solenopsis picea and Solenopsis zeteki. We thank Monica Arakaki (University of Florida) and David Oi (USDA, ARS, CMAVE) for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. This research was supported by grants of the US Department of Agriculture NRICGP (2006-35302-17451; 2006-35302-18001). NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1476 EP 1479 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02688.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 506PK UT WOS:000270787500009 PM 21564937 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Wu, XL Gu, LW Hager, T Hager, A Wilkes, S Howard, L AF Prior, Ronald L. Wu, Xianli Gu, Liwei Hager, Tiffany Hager, Aaron Wilkes, Sam Howard, Luke TI Purified berry anthocyanins but not whole berries normalize lipid parameters in mice fed an obesogenic high fat diet SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanin; Blueberry; Cyanidin; Obesity; Strawberry ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; WEANLING PIGS; UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS; OBESITY; CONSUMPTION; RATS; ADIPOCYTES; CYANIDIN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA AB Male C57BL/6 mice received diets with either 10% of kcal from fat, or a high fat diet [45% (HF45) or 60% (HF60) kcal from fat]. Diets were prepared with or without freeze-dried powders (10%) from whole blueberries (BB), strawberries (SB), Concord grape or black raspberry. In the 2nd study, purified anthocyanins (ACNs) from SB or BB were added to the drinking water of the treatments fed the HF60 diet. In Study 1, serum triglycerides were increased by feeding the HF45 diet but were elevated further when black raspberry or BB was included in the HF45 diet. Liver total lipids and triglycerides were increased in mice fed HF45 diet and inclusion of any of the berry powders in the HF45 diet did not alter concentrations compared to HF45 controls. In the 2nd study, mice fed the HF60 diet plus purified ACNs from BB in the water had lower body weight gains and body fat than the HF60 fed. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were elevated with the HF60 diet and decreased to control levels when ACNs from either SB or BB were included in the drinking water. Serum leptin levels were consistently decreased to control low fat levels in those ACN treatments in which measures of body fat were decreased. Administering purified ACNs from BB and strawberry via drinking water prevented the development of dyslipidemia and obesity in mice, but feeding diets containing whole berries or purple corn (PC) ACNs did not alter the development of obesity. C1 [Prior, Ronald L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Little Rock, AR USA. [Gu, Liwei] Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hager, Tiffany; Howard, Luke] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu RI Gu, Liwei/H-5875-2011 FU USDA [2005-35503-15409]; Agricultural Research Service; Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research FX Financial support for these studies was provided in part by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research and the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research Service, Grant No. 2005-35503-15409. Appreciation is expressed to the Oregon Raspberry and Blackberry Commission for providing freeze-dried powders of strawberries, blackberries and black raspberries and to Futureceuticals for providing freeze-dried powders of lowbush blueberry and Concord grapes. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product or specific equipment, does not constitute a guarantee by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. The assistance of Theo Rogers in the analysis of data from these studies is acknowledged. NR 34 TC 74 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 53 IS 11 BP 1406 EP 1418 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200900026 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 529HA UT WOS:000272505500006 PM 19743407 ER PT J AU Barr, NB Wiegmann, BM AF Barr, Norman B. Wiegmann, Brian M. TI Phylogenetic relationships of Ceratitis fruit flies inferred from nuclear CAD and tango/ARNT gene fragments: Testing monophyly of the subgenera Ceratitis (Ceratitis) and C. (Pterandrus) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE tango; ARNT; CAD; Systematics; Ceratitis; PAS ID LENGTH DIFFERENCE TEST; FLY SPECIES DIPTERA; BHLH-PAS PROTEIN; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; MACLEAY DIPTERA; DIOXIN RECEPTOR; PERIOD GENE; TEPHRITIDAE; DROSOPHILA; INCONGRUENCE AB Systematic studies of Ceratitis (Tephritidae) fruit flies using molecular (i.e., COI, ND6, and period genes) and morphological (plus host-use characters) data have recently challenged the monophyly of the sub-genera Ceratitis (Ceratitis) and Ceratitis (Pterandrus). In this paper, we report on the phylogenetic utility of three single-copy nuclear gene regions (two non-overlapping fragments of the carbamoylphosphate synthetase, CPS, locus of CAD, and a fragment of tango) within these taxa and investigate evolutionary relationships based on a concatenated ca. 3.4 kb data set that includes the six protein encoding gene regions. Results indicate that the CAD and tango genes provide useful phylogenetic signal within the taxa and are compatible with the previously studied genes. The two subgenera, as currently classified, are not monophyletic. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses support a revised classification in which (1) the sub-genus C. (Pterandrus) comprises two lineages called A and B, (2) the C. (Pterandrus) B species should be included in C. (Ceratitis), and (3) the newly defined subgenera C. (Pterandrus) (=Pterandrus section A) and C. (Ceratitis) [=C. (Ceratitis) + C. (Pterandrus) section B] are reciprocally monophyletic. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Barr, Norman B.] USDA APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Miss Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Barr, Norman B.; Wiegmann, Brian M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Barr, NB (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Miss Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM Norman.B.Barr@aphis.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [EF-0334948] FX This project was funded, in part, by the National Science Foundation, Assembling the Tree of Life project FLYTREE, EF-0334948 to B.M.W. We thank W.R. Atchley, B. Rose, and P.A. Estes for valuable discussion about the molecular evolution and comparative analysis of PAS-containing genes. We thank M. De Meyer, P. Shiel, and two anonymous reviewers for excellent comments that have greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 412 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.07.008 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 547MD UT WOS:000273892200007 PM 19607929 ER PT J AU Hong, CX Gallegly, ME Browne, GT Bhat, RG Richardson, PA Kong, P AF Hong, C. X. Gallegly, M. E. Browne, G. T. Bhat, R. G. Richardson, P. A. Kong, P. TI The avocado subgroup of Phytophthora citricola constitutes a distinct species, Phytophthora mengei sp nov. SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE avocado canker pathogen; identification; Oomycete ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; STEM CANKER; CALIFORNIA; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; PHYLOGENY; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; SOILS; TREES AB Isolates from avocado tree cankers have been recognized as a distinct subgroup within the P. citricola complex since 1974, both morphologically and molecularly (isozyme and amplified fragment length polymorphism [AFLP] analyses). This sub-group is formally separated from P. citricola after comparative DNA Fingerprinting and sequence analyses of the ITS region, as well as by morphological examinations. This new taxon is homothallic, produces plerotic oospores with paragynous antheridia and noncaducous semipapillate sporangia. Morphologically it differs from Other species of Waterhouse group III by producing many large bizarre-shaped sporangia and smaller oogonia with asymmetric capitate antheridia. It belongs to clade 2 and is phylogenetically closer to A siskiyouensis, P. capsici and P. tropicalis than to P. citricola. P. mengei can be easily differentiated from its relatives in the same clade and other species of this morpho-group by DNA fingerprints and sequence analysis. This new taxon is named Phytophthora mengei sp. nov. C1 [Hong, C. X.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Hampton Rd Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Virginia Beach, VA 23455 USA. [Gallegly, M. E.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Browne, G. T.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hong, CX (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Hampton Rd Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, 1444 Diamond Springs Rd, Virginia Beach, VA 23455 USA. EM chhong2@vt.edu NR 33 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 101 IS 6 BP 833 EP 840 DI 10.3852/08-214 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 516QQ UT WOS:000271557800008 PM 19927748 ER PT J AU Yli-Mattila, T Gagkaeva, T Ward, TJ Aoki, T Kistler, HC O'Donnell, K AF Yli-Mattila, Tapani Gagkaeva, Tatiana Ward, Todd J. Aoki, Takayuki Kistler, H. Corby O'Donnell, Kerry TI A novel Asian clade within the Fusarium graminearum species complex includes a newly discovered cereal head blight pathogen from the Russian Far East SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE deoxynivalenol; genotyping; mycotoxin; nivalenol; phylogenetics; trichothecene ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; NIVALENOL CHEMOTYPES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; F-GRAMINEARUM; WHEAT SPIKES; PCR ASSAY; CHINA; DEOXYNIVALENOL; POPULATION AB We investigated Fusarium. graminearum complex (Fg complex) species diversity and toxin potential in European and Asian regions of the Russian Federation and adjoining regions northwest to Finland and South near Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China, to expand our knowledge of tire host range and geographic distribution of these economically devastating cereal head blight pathogens. Results of a recently described multilocus genotyping (MLGT) assay revealed that F. graminearum was the sole Fg complex pathogen in northern Europe and the predominant one in Asia (90.5%). Even though isolates of E graminearum were segregating for 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotype in nearly equal frequencies in the regions sampled oil both continents, significant differences in the geographic distribution of isolates producing these acetyl ester derivatives of deoxynivalenol (DON) were observed in Europe. While 93.5% of the isolates in southern Russia (it 43 of 46) possessed the 15ADON chemotype, isolates of F. graminearum recovered in Finland and northwestern Russia (n = 40) were exclusively M-DON producers. Based on results Of the MLGT assay, species identity of 10 genetically novel F complex isolates front the Russian Far East was investigated further via molecular phylogenetic analyses Of analyses DNA sequence data. Results of these analyses resolved these isolates as a phylogenetically, distinct, reciprocally monophyletic sister lineage of F. asiaticum, which together with F. vorosii form a newly discovered Asian clade within the Fg complex. Because this novel lineage fulfills the highly conservative criterion of genealogical exclusivity under phylogenetic species recognition it is formally described herein as E ussurianum. In addition to morphologically characterizing isolates of F ussurianum, experiments were conducted to assess pathogenicity to wheat and trichothecene toxin potential in planta. C1 [Ward, Todd J.; O'Donnell, Kerry] ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Kistler, H. Corby] ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Aoki, Takayuki] NIAS, Genebank, Microorganisms Sect, MAFF, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Gagkaeva, Tatiana] All Russian Inst Plant Protect VIZR, Lab Mycol & Phytopathol, St Petersburg Pushkin 196608, Russia. [Yli-Mattila, Tapani] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Lab Plant Physiol & Mol Biol, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ncaur.usda.gov OI Tatiana, Gagkaeva/0000-0002-3276-561X FU Nordic network; Nordic Research Board; Academy of Finland FX The visit of Tapani Yli-Mattila to the USDA-ARS-NCAUR in Peoria, Illinois, and to the All-Russian Institute of Plant. Protection Institute in St Petersburg Mid the visits of Tatiana Gagkaeva to the University of TUrku were Supported by the Nordic network project. New Emerging Mycotoxins and Secondary Metabolites in Toxigenic Fungi of Northern Europe, which is financially Supported by the Nordic Research Board and by the Academy of Finland. Special thanks are due Prof K. Walter Gams fOr assistance with the species description, Dr Ludmila Malinovskay for supplying strains, Thomas Usgaard and Stacy Sink for excellent technical support, Don Fraser for preparing the publication figures, and Jennifer Ness for collecting the DNA sequence data. The mention of company names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department Of Agriculture over other companies or similar products not mentioned. NR 38 TC 81 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 15 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 101 IS 6 BP 841 EP 852 DI 10.3852/08-217 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 516QQ UT WOS:000271557800009 PM 19927749 ER PT J AU Huhndorf, SM Miller, AN Greif, M Samuels, GJ AF Huhndorf, Sabine M. Miller, Andrew N. Greif, Matthew Samuels, Gary J. TI Amplistroma gen. nov and its relation to Wallrothiella, two genera with globose ascospores and acrodontium-like anamorphs SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Amplistromataceae; Ascomycota; LSU rDNA; systematics; wood-inhabiting fungi ID MICROSCOPY; TELEOMORPH AB Amplistroma is described as a new genus for A. carolinianum, A. diminutisporum, A. guianense, A. hallingii, A. ravum, A. tartareum and A. xylarioides. Species of Amplistroma are distinguished by large stromata of textura intricata with polystichous ascomata and long necks that are either erumpent from the stromatal surface or form bumps Or protuberances. The type collection of Ceratostoma sphaerospermum was examined and found to be synonymous with Wallrothiella congregata. The distribution of W. congregata is expanded by collections from Costa Rica, the eastern United States and Puerto Rico. Wallrothiella congregata has ascomata that are long-necked and develop individually or are gregarious On the Substrate but do not form large stromata. Amplistroma and Wallrothiella are distinguished by small asci with eight, minute, globose ascospores. An acrodontium-like anamorph Occurs in both genera. Phylogenetic analyses of 28S large-subunit rDNA sequences group these taxa in a well supported clade distinct from known orders within the Sordariomycetidae but showing unsupported relationships with the Chaetosphaeriales and the Magnaporthaceae. Family Amplistromataceae is described for this clade and placed within the Sordariomycetidae incertae sedis. C1 [Huhndorf, Sabine M.; Greif, Matthew] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Miller, Andrew N.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Samuels, Gary J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Huhndorf, SM (reprint author), Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM shuhndorf@fieldmuseum.org FU NSF PEET (Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy) [DEB-0118695] FX This work Was supported in part. by NSF PEET Grant (Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy) DEB-0118695. The authors are grateful for the aid of R.E. Hailing, B.E. Overton, NY and G, who provided access to type and other specimens, and DJ. Lodge for fieldwork assistance. Sequences were generated in the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution at the Field Museum of Natural History. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 101 IS 6 BP 904 EP 919 DI 10.3852/08-213 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 516QQ UT WOS:000271557800017 PM 19927757 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Fu, HB O'Neill, NR Zhang, XG AF Wang, Yong Fu, Hong-Bo O'Neill, Nichole R. Zhang, Xiu-Guo TI Two new species of Stemphylium from Northwest China SO MYCOLOGICAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE Agricultural diseases; Hyphomycetes; Sinkiang Province ID ALTERNARIA THEMES AB During surveys of hyphomycetes from the Northwest of China, two undescribed taxa of Stemphylium were discovered from diseased leaves of Malus sieversii and Pyrus sinkiangensis in Sinkiang Province, which are described as S. mali and S. pyrinum. The two species differ from similar species morphologically. C1 [Wang, Yong; Zhang, Xiu-Guo] Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Fu, Hong-Bo] China Natl Ctr Biotechnol Dev, Beijing 100036, Peoples R China. [O'Neill, Nichole R.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, XG (reprint author), Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. EM zhxg@sdau.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30570006] FX We thank Dr Gary J. Samuels for correcting and improving the English. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30570006). NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-416X J9 MYCOL PROG JI Mycol. Prog. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s11557-009-0600-x PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 575PB UT WOS:000276078300004 ER PT J AU Nielsen, C Williams, DW Hajek, AE AF Nielsen, Charlotte Williams, David W. Hajek, Ann E. TI Putative source of the invasive Sirex noctilio fungal symbiont, Amylostereum areolatum, in the eastern United States and its association with native siricid woodwasps SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fungal symbiont; Homobasidiomycete; Invasive species; Siricidae; Wood rot fungus; Woodwasp ID A. CHAILLETII; 1ST REPORT; HYMENOPTERA; HETEROBASIDION; COMPATIBILITY; PARASITOIDS; SEQUENCE; EUROPE; THREAT AB Two genotypes of the fungal symbiont Amylostereum areolatum are associated with the invasive woodwasp Sirex noctilio first found in North America in 2004. S. noctilio is native to Europe but has been introduced to Australasia, South America and Africa where it has caused enormous losses in pine plantations. Based on nucleotide sequence data from the intergenic spacer region (IGS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, the A. areolatum genotypes found in North America are most similar to genotypes found in Europe, and not to genotypes from the southern hemisphere. Although two IGS strains of A. areolatum were found in North America it cannot be stated whether A. areolatum was introduced to North America from Europe once or twice based on our study. Genetic groupings formed by sequencing data were in most cases supported by vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Other siricid woodwasp species in the genus Sirex are native to North America. The North American native Sirex edwardsii emerging from the same tree as S. noctilio carried the same strain of A. areolatum as S. noctilio. The North American native Sirex sp. 'nitidus' collected outside the geographical range of S. noctilio carried a unique strain within A. areolatum. Our findings of A. areolatum in the native North American species, S. sp. 'nitidus', contrast with the previous view that A. areolatum was not present in North America before the accidental invasion of S. noctilio. (C) 2009 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nielsen, Charlotte; Hajek, Ann E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Williams, David W.] USDA APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. RP Hajek, AE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM aeh4@cornell.edu FU USDA; APHIS FX We thank S. Long for his excellence in fungal isolation. The authors are grateful to K. Hodge and B. Slippers for technical advice, constructive discussions and review of this manuscript and overall enthusiasm throughout this project. We also thank B. Slippers for sharing his sequence data of the IGS region. E.R. Hoebeke, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA and H. Goulet, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada are sincerely thanked for assistance with identification of Sirex specimens and J. Liebherr for assistance with nomenclature. V. Mastro, K. Zylstra, C. Tait and M. Crawford provided essential assistance by providing samples and information. We sincerely thank both A.B. Jensen, KU-LIFE, Denmark who helped with Cluster analysis and I.M. Thomsen, KU-LIFE who gave many excellent recommendations on fungal isolation and fungal morphology. J. Stenlid and T. Pawlowska assisted with helpful discussions about fungal genetics. Thanks also to Frank Rinkevich for his kind help and technical advice. This project was funded by USDA, APHIS. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 113 BP 1242 EP 1253 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.08.012 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 533GF UT WOS:000272811000002 PM 19716415 ER PT J AU Ota, Y Hattori, T Banik, MT Hagedorn, G Sotome, K Tokuda, S Abe, Y AF Ota, Yuko Hattori, Tsutomu Banik, Mark T. Hagedorn, Gregor Sotome, Kozue Tokuda, Sawako Abe, Yasuhisa TI The genus Laetiporus (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) in East Asia SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EF1 alpha; Internal transcribed spacer; Mating tests; Polypores; Taxonomy ID NORTH-AMERICA; INCOMPATIBILITY; SULPHUREUS; TREES; FUNGI AB Relationships among East Asian, North American and European Laetiporus sulphureus s. lat., a cosmopolitan brown rot species complex, were assessed with phylogenetic analyses and incompatibility tests. Three East Asian taxa, Laetiporus cremeiporus sp. nov., Laetiporus montanus and Laetiporus versisporus, are described and illustrated as well as compared with related taxa from Southeast Asia, North America and Europe. Phylogenetic analyses showed that L. cremeiporus and L. versisporus are clearly distinct species among Laetiporus taxa. The three conifer inhabiting species, Laetiporus conifericola, Laetiporus huroniensis and L. montanus, are closely related to each other. The European population of L. montanus exhibits two sequence variants of the EF1 alpha: one is the same as observed in L. sulphureus in Europe and the other is that observed in East Asian population of L. montanus. A key to the known species of Laetiporus in the northern hemisphere is provided. (C) 2009 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ota, Yuko] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Hattori, Tsutomu] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Kansai Res Ctr, Kyoto 6120855, Japan. [Banik, Mark T.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Hagedorn, Gregor] Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants, Julius Kuhn Inst, Inst Epidemiol & Pathogen Diagnost, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Sotome, Kozue] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. [Tokuda, Sawako] Hokkaido Forestry Res Inst, Bibai, Hokkaido 0790198, Japan. [Abe, Yasuhisa] Nihon Univ, Coll Bioresource Sci, Kanagawa 2528510, Japan. RP Ota, Y (reprint author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. EM yuota@ffpri.affrc.go.jp; hattori@ffpri.affrc.go.jp; mbanik@fs.fed.us; gregor.hagedorn@jki.bund.de; zag41183@ffpri.affrc.go.jp; tokuda.sawako@pref.hokkaido.jp; abeya@brs.nihon-u.ac.jp FU Japan Society for Promotion of Science [17770075]; OECD FX We sincerely thank Dr. R. Watling and the other staff of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, for their kind hospitality to Y. Ota during a stay in Edinburgh. The authors also thank Dr. Y.C. Dai, Dr. C. Decock, Dr. E. Gerhardt, Dr. 0. Holdenrieder, Dr. M. Intini, Dr. H. Neda, Dr. Hirotoshi Sato, Dr. L. Ryvarden, Dr. T. Yamaguchi and many Japanese amateur and professional researchers for providing isolates and specimens for this study. YO thanks Dr. H. Neda and Dr. L. jankovsk for providing important literatures. YO also thanks Dr. S. Redhead for his kind help and useful suggestions for nomenclatural problems. The curators of the following herbaria are appreciated for loaning the specimens: CFMR, E, K, and PRM. This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for the Japan Society for Promotion of Science, No. 17770075 (YO), and by OECD co-operative research program. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 113 BP 1283 EP 1300 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.08.014 PG 18 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 533GF UT WOS:000272811000006 PM 19769929 ER PT J AU Tausch, RJ AF Tausch, Robin J. TI A STRUCTURALLY BASED ANALYTIC MODEL FOR ESTIMATION OF BIOMASS AND FUEL LOADS OF WOODLAND TREES SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Allometry; tree biomass; crown structure; fuel loads; crown growth patterns; tree form ID ALLOMETRIC SCALING LAWS; SINGLELEAF-PINYON; PLANT ALLOMETRY; UNIFYING THEORY; GENERAL-MODEL; BIOLOGY; ORIGIN; ARCHITECTURE; ECOSYSTEMS; EQUATIONS AB P>Allometric/structural relationships in tree crowns are a consequence of the physical, physiological, and fluid conduction processes of trees, which control the distribution, efficient support, and growth of foliage in the crown. The structural consequences of these processes are used to develop an analytic model based on the concept of branch orders. A set of interrelated equations describe the relationships between structural characteristics, including the distribution of a tree's foliage and the partitioning of the structural components within the crown for the efficient support of that foliage. The foliage biomass distribution in a tree crown and the geometric relationships between the branch orders supporting that distribution are used to define a functional depth that is used to compute an associated functional crown volume. These are computed first for the foliage and then for each of the tree's branch orders. Each functional crown volume is linearly related to its respective biomass component. These consistent linear relationships are demonstrated first with data from pinyon pine and then with data from Utah juniper and Valencia orange trees. The structural changes and associated biomass distribution changes suggest that crown growth is controlled from the outside in, with the resulting structural changes an emergent property of crown adjustment to the annual addition of new foliage. The relationships derived are potentially applicable across a range of additional tree species, in other woody species and applicable over a wide range of locations and conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Tausch, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM rtausch@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Joint Fire Sciences Program FX Funding for this study was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, and by the Joint Fire Sciences Program. I thank Richard Miller, David Chojnacky, Stanley Kitchen, Steve Sutherland, and David Turner, several anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews of the manuscript, and Susan Duhon for her in-depth review. I wish to extend my gratitude to D. Alley, L. Metcalf, S. Merz, L. Meyer, A. Mailoux, B. Rada, and K. Jones for their assistance with data collection and processing, and to M. Wright for his valuable assistance in data analysis. I also thank the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest for providing the study sites for data collection. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0890-8575 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 22 IS 4 BP 463 EP 488 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 515KS UT WOS:000271469300001 ER PT J AU Minnis, AM Sundberg, WJ AF Minnis, Andrew M. Sundberg, Walter J. TI Preliminary notes on Pluteus phylogeny SO NOVA HEDWIGIA LA English DT Article DE Agaricales; Basidiomycota; Chamaeota; Celluloderma; Eucellulodermini; Hispidoderma; Mixtini; Pluteaceae ID GENUS PLUTEUS; UNITED-STATES; AGARICALES; SEQUENCES; CLADES AB Pluteus is a cosmopolitan agaric genus that is a saprotroph found typically on xyloid substrates. Few Studies have addressed its phylogeny below the generic rank. A review of these phylogenetic studies of Pluteus is offered. Additionally, a primarily morphology-based phylogeny of the genus is produced. The implications of the results as well as the weaknesses of this approach are discussed, especially in regards to subdivisional classifications of Pluteus and character evolution. The congruence of these results with those based on molecular data is discussed. The current widely accepted Pluteus classification scheme is more or less supported, and no changes are proposed here. This study provides a framework and considerations for future analyses utilizing other modern technique:, such as DNA-based phylogeny as the presented hypotheses and morphological data may be easily incorporated into such works. C1 [Minnis, Andrew M.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Minnis, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Rm 304,B011A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Drew.Minnis@ars.usda.gov; sundberg.wj.407@verizon.net FU Mycological Society of America; Department of Plant Biology at SIUC FX This work was a portion of the Minnis doctoral dissertation submitted to Southern Illinois University Carbondale in 2008. These Studies were partly Supported by the Alexander H. & Helen V.Smith Research Fund and the James E.Ozment Award from the Mycological Society of America and from the Department of Plant Biology at SIUC respectively. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEBRUDER BORNTRAEGER PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESSTR 3A, D-70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0029-5035 J9 NOVA HEDWIGIA JI Nova Hedwigia PD NOV PY 2009 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 303 EP 319 DI 10.1127/0029-5035/2009/0089-0303 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 524RO UT WOS:000272160700002 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Coleman, SW Albano, JP AF Sigua, Gilbert C. Coleman, Samuel W. Albano, Joseph P. TI Quantifying soil organic carbon in forage-based cow-calf congregation-grazing zone interface SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Soil carbon; Cow-calf; Congregation zones; Bahiagrass; Nutrient cycling; Pastures; Carbon sequestration; Grazing ID SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND; MATTER; TIME; SEQUESTRATION; PHOSPHORUS; PASTURES; SYSTEM AB Recent concerns about global warming due to accumulations of atmospheric CO2 have encouraged the achievement of better understanding of the roles of animal agriculture in mitigating CO2 emissions. Grazing can accelerate and alter the timing of nutrient transfers, and increase the amount of nutrients cycled from plant to soil. Our reason for conducting this study is to test whether cattle congregation sites (CCS) typical on most Florida ranches, such as mineral feeders (MF), water troughs (WT), and shaded areas (SA) have higher soil organic carbon (SOC) than in other locations of pasture under foraged-based system. Baseline soil samples around the congregations zones (MF, WT, and SA) and grazing zones in established (> 10 year), grazed cow-calf pastures were collected in the spring and fall of 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively. Soil samples were collected from two soil depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) at different locations around the CCS following a radial (every 90 degrees: N, S, E, and W) sampling pattern at 0.9, 1.7, 3.3, 6.7, 13.3, 26.7, and 53.3 m away from the approximate center of MF, WT, and SA. The levels of SOC varied significantly with CCS (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.001), distance away from the center of the CCS (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05), sampling depth (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.001), sampling year (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.001) and the interaction of CCS and soil depth (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.001). Sampling orientations did not significantly affect the levels of SOC. The SA sites had the highest level of SOC of 3.58 g kg(-1), followed by WT sites (3.47 g kg(-1)) and MF sites (2.98 g kg(-1)). Results of our study did not support our hypothesis that cattle congregation sites typical on most ranches, such as MF, WT and SA, may have higher concentrations of SOC. The levels of SOC (averaged across CCS) within the congregation zone (3.42 g kg(-1)) were not significantly (P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05) different from the concentrations of SOC at the grazing zone (3.16 g kg(-1)). C1 [Sigua, Gilbert C.; Coleman, Samuel W.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Albano, Joseph P.] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 EI 1573-0867 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 85 IS 3 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1007/s10705-009-9260-0 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 504WS UT WOS:000270649300001 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Rahal, O Kang, J Till, SR Prior, RL Simmen, RCM AF Wu, Xianli Rahal, Omar Kang, Jie Till, S. Renee Prior, Ronald L. Simmen, Rosalia C. M. TI In utero and lactational exposure to blueberry via maternal diet promotes mammary epithelial differentiation in prepubescent female rats SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Blueberry; Mammary gland; PTEN; Puberty; Rat ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PTEN; NF-KAPPA-B; BREAST-CANCER; STEM-CELLS; INDUCED ACTIVATION; BLACK-RASPBERRIES; GENE-EXPRESSION; WHEY PROTEINS; GROWTH; INHIBITION AB Early developmental events influence the fine tuning of later susceptibility to adult diseases. Diet is a determinant of breast cancer risk, and our previous studies showed that diet-mediated changes in transcriptional programs promote early mammary gland differentiation. Although consumption of fruits is considered to elicit multiple health benefits, little is known on whether associated bioactive components modify the early differentiation program in developing mammary glands. Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that early exposure (in utero and lactational) to blueberry through maternal diet enhances mammary epithelial differentiation in female offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats beginning at gestation day 4 were fed American Institute of Nutrition-based diets containing casein and whole blueberry powders added to casein at 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10% weight/weight. Female pups at weaning were evaluated for growth and mammary tissue parameters. Blueberry at 5% dose increased body and adipose fat weights, relative to the other diets. Mammary branch density and terminal end bud size were highest for the 5% blueberry group, whereas terminal end bud numbers were not affected by all diets. Mammary ductal epithelial cells of the 5% blueberry group had lower nuclear phosphorylated histone 3 and higher nuclear tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN) levels than the casein group. Although sera of both diet groups had similar antioxidant capacity, 5% blueberry sera elicited higher nuclear PTEN accumulation in human MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells. Our studies identify developing mammary glands as early targets of blueberry-associated bioactive components, possibly through systemic effects on epithelial PTEN signaling. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Simmen, Rosalia C. M.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Wu, Xianli; Kang, Jie; Simmen, Rosalia C. M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Rahal, Omar; Simmen, Rosalia C. M.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Interdisciplinary Biomed Sci Program, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Simmen, RCM (reprint author), Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM simmenrosalia@uams.edu FU [USDA-CRIS-6251-5100002-06S] FX Funds for this research were provided by the USDA-CRIS-6251-5100002-06S to the Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 29 IS 11 BP 802 EP 811 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.10.015 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 531KG UT WOS:000272664300007 PM 19932869 ER PT J AU Das, SK Saltzman, E Gilhooly, CH DeLany, JP Golden, JK Pittas, AG Dallal, GE Bhapkar, MV Fuss, PJ Dutta, C McCrory, MA Roberts, SB AF Das, Sai Krupa Saltzman, Edward Gilhooly, Cheryl H. DeLany, James P. Golden, Julie K. Pittas, Anastassios G. Dallal, Gerard E. Bhapkar, Manjushri V. Fuss, Paul J. Dutta, Chhanda McCrory, Megan A. Roberts, Susan B. TI Low or Moderate Dietary Energy Restriction for Long-term Weight Loss: What Works Best? SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID LOW-FAT DIET; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE-DIET; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; BODY-COMPOSITION; GLYCEMIC LOAD; EXPENDITURE; OBESITY; DISINHIBITION; RESTRAINT AB Theoretical calculations suggest that small daily reductions in energy intake can cumulatively lead to substantial weight loss, but experimental data to support these calculations are lacking. We conducted a 1-year randomized controlled pilot study of low (10%) or moderate (30%) energy restriction (ER) with diets differing in glycemic load in 38 overweight adults (mean +/- s.d., age 35 +/- 6 years; BMI 27.6 +/- 1.4 kg/m(2)). Food was provided for 6 months and self-selected for 6 additional months. Measurements included body weight, resting metabolic rate (RMR), adherence to the ER prescription assessed using (2)H(2)(18)O, satiety, and eating behavior variables. The 10% ER group consumed significantly less energy (by (2)H(2)(18)O) than prescribed over 12 months (18.1 +/- 9.8%ER, P = 0.04), while the 30%ER group consumed significantly more (23.1 +/- 8.7%ER, P < 0.001). Changes in body weight, satiety, and other variables were not significantly different between groups. However, during self-selected eating (6-12 months) variability in % weight change was significantly greater in the 10%ER group (P < 0.001) and poorer weight outcome on 10%ER was predicted by higher baseline BMI and greater disinhibition (P < 0.0001; adj R(2) = 0.71). Weight loss at 12 months was not significantly different between groups prescribed 10 or 30%ER, supporting the efficacy of low ER recommendations. However, long-term weight change was more variable on 10%ER and weight change in this group was predicted by body size and eating behavior. These preliminary results indicate beneficial effects of low-level ER for some but not all individuals in a weight control program, and suggest testable approaches for optimizing dieting success based on individualizing prescribed level of ER. C1 [Das, Sai Krupa; Saltzman, Edward; Gilhooly, Cheryl H.; Golden, Julie K.; Dallal, Gerard E.; Fuss, Paul J.; Roberts, Susan B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [DeLany, James P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Pittas, Anastassios G.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA USA. [Bhapkar, Manjushri V.] Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. [Dutta, Chhanda] NIA, Clin Gerontol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [McCrory, Megan A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 FU National Institutes of Health [AG20480, H150001]; U.S Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401] FX We thank the subjects for their committed participation in this study, and the staff of the Metabolic Research Unit for their expert assistance This project work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants AG20480 and H150001, and by the U.S Department of Agriculture under agreement no 58-1950-4-401 Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U S Department of Agriculture NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD NOV PY 2009 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2019 EP 2024 DI 10.1038/oby.2009.120 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 512HT UT WOS:000271237700010 PM 19390525 ER PT J AU Bray, MS Young, ME AF Bray, M. S. Young, M. E. TI The role of cell-specific circadian clocks in metabolism and disease SO OBESITY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Cell-specific; clock; peripheral tissue ID REV-ERB-ALPHA; GENE-EXPRESSION; MUTANT MICE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; RECEPTOR GENE; PERIOD GENE; IN-VIVO; BMAL1; COMPONENTS AB P>Biological rhythms are an integral component of essentially all aspects of life. These rhythms are controlled in part by circadian clocks, transcriptionally based mechanisms that synchronize the organism to its changing environment. The central circadian clock is located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, while peripheral clocks are located within virtually all cells outside of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Although our understanding of central clock structure and function is well advanced, the role of peripheral clocks in whole body energy metabolism is just beginning to be elucidated. Both central and peripheral circadian clocks likely regulate many physiological functions, including insulin sensitivity, endocrine regulation, energy homeostasis, satiety signalling, cellular proliferation and cardiovascular function. Widely varying phenotypes have been reported following global genetic disruption of the clock mechanism in mice, with phenotype dependent on both the clock component targeted and genetic background. The inconsistency in phenotypes associated with clock disruption may be due, in part, to cell-specific effects of the circadian clocks. To address this question, many laboratories have begun generating animal models of cell type-specific clock disruption. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on tissue-specific models of circadian clock disruption and provide a focus for future research in this area. C1 [Bray, M. S.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Heflin Ctr Genom Med, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. [Young, M. E.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bray, MS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Heflin Ctr Genom Med, 1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. EM mbray@uab.edu FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-074259]; USDA Agricultural Research Services [6250-51000-044, 6250-51000-046] FX This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-074259; MEY) and grants from the USDA Agricultural Research Services (6250-51000-044 and 6250-51000-046; MEY and MSB). NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7881 J9 OBES REV JI Obes. Rev. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 10 BP 6 EP 13 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 509VE UT WOS:000271046100002 PM 19849797 ER PT J AU Sahni, S Hannan, MT Gagnon, D Blumberg, J Cupples, LA Kiel, DP Tucker, KL AF Sahni, S. Hannan, M. T. Gagnon, D. Blumberg, J. Cupples, L. A. Kiel, D. P. Tucker, K. L. TI Protective effect of total and supplemental vitamin C intake on the risk of hip fracture-a 17-year follow-up from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Ageing; Bone; Fracture; Nutrition; Population studies; Vitamin C ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; ELDERLY-MEN; FREE-RADICALS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; WOMEN; ANTIOXIDANT; FRUIT; OLDER; SMOKING; HEALTH AB Vitamin C may play a role in bone health. In the Framingham Study, subjects with higher total or supplemental vitamin C intake had fewer hip fractures and non-vertebral fractures as compared to subjects with lower intakes. Therefore, vitamin C may have a protective effect on bone health in older adults. Dietary antioxidants such as vitamin C may play a role in bone health. We evaluated associations of vitamin C intake (total, dietary, and supplemental) with incident hip fracture and non-vertebral osteoporotic fracture, over a 15- to 17-year follow-up, in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Three hundred and sixty-six men and 592 women (mean age 75 +/- 5 years) completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 1988-1989 and were followed for non-vertebral fracture until 2003 and hip fracture until 2005. Tertiles of vitamin C intake were created from estimates obtained using the Willett FFQ, after adjusting for total energy (residual method). Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox-proportional hazards regression, adjusting for covariates. Over follow-up 100 hip fractures occurred. Subjects in the highest tertile of total vitamin C intake had significantly fewer hip fractures (P trend = 0.04) and non-vertebral fractures (P trend = 0.05) compared to subjects in the lowest tertile of intake. Subjects in the highest category of supplemental vitamin C intake had significantly fewer hip fractures (P trend = 0.02) and non-vertebral fractures (P trend = 0.07) compared to non-supplement users. Dietary vitamin C intake was not associated with fracture risk (all P > 0.22). These results suggest a possible protective effect of vitamin C on bone health in older adults. C1 [Sahni, S.; Tucker, K. L.] Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Sahni, S.; Tucker, K. L.] Tufts Univ, FSNSP, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hannan, M. T.; Kiel, D. P.] Hebrew SeniorLife, Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. [Hannan, M. T.; Kiel, D. P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Gagnon, D.; Cupples, L. A.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Blumberg, J.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, HNRCA & FSNSP, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Gagnon, David/0000-0002-6367-3179; Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310; Sahni, Shivani/0000-0002-9827-0986; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services [58-1950-7-707]; Framingham Osteoporosis [R01 AR/AG 41398]; NHLBI [N01-HC-25195] FX This study was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services agreement number 58-1950-7-707; Framingham Osteoporosis grant number R01 AR/AG 41398; and the NHLBI's Framingham study contract grant number N01-HC-25195. NR 50 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1853 EP 1861 DI 10.1007/s00198-009-0897-y PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 509OU UT WOS:000271028200006 PM 19347239 ER PT J AU Carrao-Panizzi, MC Berhow, M Mandarino, JMG de Oliveira, MCN AF Carrao-Panizzi, Mercedes Concordia Berhow, Mark Gontijo Mandarino, Jose Marcos Neves de Oliveira, Maria Cristina TI Environmental and genetic variation of isoflavone content of soybean seeds grown in Brazil SO PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; isoflavones; sowing location; soybean grains; soybean cultivars; soyfood ID CULTIVARS AB The objective of this work was to evaluate isoflavone concentrations in seeds of different Brazilian soybean cultivars grown in a range of locations and environmental conditions in Brazil. Seeds of 233 cultivars grown in Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, during the 2001/2002 soybean season, and of 22 cultivars sown in different locations of Brazilian Northeast, Southeast on South regions were analyzed for total isoflavones, including daidzin, glycitin, genistin and acetylgenistin. The total isoflavones ranged from 12 mg 100 g(-1) (cv. Embrapa 48) to 461 mg 100 g(-1) (cv. CS 305) among the 233 cultivars grown in Ponta Grossa, and the differences among them are due to genetic effects since all cultivars were grown and collected at the same locatation and year. This is an indication of the possibility of breeding for isoflavone content. Differences in isoflavone content observed in the cultivars grown in different locations permit the selection of locations for optimum isoflavone content (low or high), depending on the uses of soybean. In the Northeast region (5-8 degrees S), higher concentrations of total isoflavones were observed at Sao Raimundo das Mangabeiras (232 mg 100 g(-1)) and Tasso Fragoso (284 mg 100 g(-1)) municipalities, and in the South (23-30 degrees S), isoflavones were higher in Guarapuava, Canoinhas, Vacaria and Campos Novos municipalities, ranging from 130 to 409 mg 100 g(-1). C1 [Carrao-Panizzi, Mercedes Concordia; Gontijo Mandarino, Jose Marcos; Neves de Oliveira, Maria Cristina] Embrapa Soja, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. [Berhow, Mark] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Carrao-Panizzi, MC (reprint author), Embrapa Soja, Rodovia Carlos Joao Str, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. EM mercedes@cnpso.embrapa.br; mark.berhow@ars.usda.gov; jmarcos@cnpso.embrapa.br; mcno@cnpso.embrapa.br NR 24 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU EMPRESA BRASIL PESQ AGROPEC PI BRASILIA DF PA EMBRAPA INFORMACAO TECNOLOGICA, PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA - PAB, CAIXA POSTAL 040315, 70770-901 BRASILIA DF, BRAZIL SN 0100-204X J9 PESQUI AGROPECU BRAS JI Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1444 EP 1451 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 554CT UT WOS:000274413800011 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Kroger, R Cooper, CM Cullum, RF Smith, S Locke, MA AF Moore, Matthew T. Kroeger, Robert Cooper, Charles M. Cullum, Robert F. Smith, Sammie, Jr. Locke, Martin A. TI Diazinon reduction and partitioning between water, sediment and vegetation in stormwater runoff mitigation through rice fields SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pesticide; BMP; wetland; vegetation ID CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES; IRRIGATION RUNOFF; CALIFORNIA USA; RIVER-BASIN; PESTICIDES; DEGRADATION; SOIL; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; PHOTOLYSIS; TRANSPORT AB BACKGROUND: Contamination of surface waters by pesticides is a concern in the United States and around the world. innovative mitigation strategies are needed to remediate this potential environmental contaminant. One potential solution is to divert pesticide-laden drainage or surface water through agricultural rice fields. With a hydroperiod, hydrosoil and hydrophyte (rice), these systems serve essentially as a type of constructed wetland. in both summer and fall experiments, diazinon-amended water was diverted through two rice ponds at the University of Mississippi Field Station. Likewise, a non-vegetated control pond was amended with diazinon-laden water. Water, sediment and plant samples were taken spatially and temporally to determine the distribution of diazinon within systems. RESULTS: Outflow diazinon concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from inflow in both vegetated ponds for both preharvest and post-harvest experiments. Although sorption to rice plants was minimal in the overall mass distribution of diazinon (1-3%), temporal data indicated that diazinon concentrations reached the outflow sediment of the non-vegetated control twice as fast as in either vegetated (rice)system. In both vegetated systems, sediment diazinon concentrations decreased (77 and 100%) from inflow to outflow, while a decrease of <2% was noted in the non-vegetated control. CONCLUSIONS: Diversion of pesticide-contaminated water through rice fields demonstrated potential as a low-cost, environmentally efficient mitigation practice. Studies on these systems are continuing to evaluate the optimal chemical retention time for rice field mitigation, as well as diazinon transfer to rice grain seeds that may be used as a food source. Published 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Moore, Matthew T.; Cooper, Charles M.; Cullum, Robert F.; Smith, Sammie, Jr.; Locke, Martin A.] USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Kroeger, Robert] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM matt.moore@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture FX Special thanks to S Testa III, T Sullivan, C Vick, J Massey, TD Welch, D Shaw, RE Lizotte, Jr, CT Bryant, JT Hill, E Cooper, Jr, RL Lee and M Gopolan for field assistance. Thanks to L Brooks for sample preparation, and to the staff of the UMFS CWWR for invaluable contributions. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1182 EP 1188 DI 10.1002/ps.1805 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 511DS UT WOS:000271144700005 PM 19548297 ER PT J AU Adhikary, R Schonenbrucher, H Rasmussen, MA Casey, TA Hamir, AN Kehrli, ME Richt, JA Petrich, JW AF Adhikary, Ramkrishna Schoenenbruecher, Holger Rasmussen, Mark A. Casey, Thomas A. Hamir, Amir N. Kehrli, Marcus E. Richt, Juergen A. Petrich, Jacob W. TI A Comparison of the Fluorescence Spectra of Murine and Bovine Central Nervous System and Other Tissues SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; AGE PIGMENT; LIPOFUSCIN; MALONDIALDEHYDE; GENERATION; ADDUCTS AB We describe a comparison of the fluorescence spectra of bovine tissues with murine tissues in order to determine whether spectral features are conserved and whether an appropriate and practical laboratory small animal model system could be identified to be used for investigation of tissue- and age-related fluorescence signal patterns. Recently it has been shown that spectral signatures of lipofuscin have enabled the detection of bovine central nervous system (CNS) tissue in meat products with high sensitivity (Schonenbrucher, H., Adhikary, R., Mukherjee, P., Casey, T. A., Rasmussen, M. A., Maistrovich, F. D., Hamir, A.N., Kehrli, M.J., Richt, J., Petrich, J. W. [2008] J Agric Food Chem 56, 6220-6226). We report that brain and spinal cord of mice provide fluorescence spectra similar to those of bovine brain and spinal cord. It is concluded that murine CNS tissue is an appropriate model system for bovine CNS tissue for the development of fluorometric CNS detection assays. C1 [Schoenenbruecher, Holger; Hamir, Amir N.; Kehrli, Marcus E.; Richt, Juergen A.] ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Adhikary, Ramkrishna; Petrich, Jacob W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. [Rasmussen, Mark A.] US FDA, Res Off, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD USA. [Rasmussen, Mark A.; Casey, Thomas A.] ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Richt, Juergen A.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Richt, JA (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jricht@ksu.edu; jwp@iastate.edu RI Adhikary, Ramkrishna/F-3002-2011; Petrich, Jacob/L-1005-2015 FU Iowa State University Meat Laboratory FX The support of local slaughterhouses and the Iowa State University Meat Laboratory in sample collection is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Hannah Polashek and Kevin Hassal for technical assistance. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1322 EP 1326 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00593.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 509UX UT WOS:000271045200006 PM 19656327 ER PT J AU Greenfield, EJ Nowak, DJ Walton, JT AF Greenfield, Eric J. Nowak, David J. Walton, Jeffrey T. TI Assessment of 2001 NLCD Percent Tree and Impervious Cover Estimates SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; DATABASE AB The 2002 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) tree and impervious cover maps provide an opportunity to extract basic land-cover information helpful for natural resource assessments. To determine the potential utility and limitations of the 2001 NLCD data, this exploratory study compared 2002 NLCD-derived values of overall percent tree and impervious cover within geopolitical boundaries with aerial photo interpretation-derived values for the same areas. Results of the comparison reveal that NLCD underestimates tree cover and to a lesser extent, underestimates impervious cover. The underestimate appears to be consistent across the conterminous United States with no statistical differences among regions. However, there were statistical differences in the degree of underestimation of tree rover among mapping zones and of impervious cover by population density class. C1 [Greenfield, Eric J.] SUNY Syracuse, ESF, USDA, US Forest Serv,No Res Str,Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Walton, Jeffrey T.] Paul Smiths Coll, Forestry Nat Resources & Recreat Fac, Paul Smiths, NY 12970 USA. RP Greenfield, EJ (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, ESF, USDA, US Forest Serv,No Res Str,Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM jwalton@paulsmiths.edu FU US Forest Service FX Funding for this project was provided, in part, by the US Forest Service's RPA Assessment Staff and Northeastern Area State & Private Forestry's Urban and Community Forestry Program. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this article is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1279 EP 1286 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 522UM UT WOS:000272024500006 ER PT J AU Zung, AB Sorenson, CJ Winthers, E AF Zung, Ashley B. Sorenson, Curtis J. Winthers, Eric TI LANDSLIDE SOILS AND GEOMORPHOLOGY IN BRIDGER-TETON NATIONAL FOREST, NORTHWEST WYOMING SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE landslide(s); Bridger-Teton National Forest; soil forming processes; geomorphology; clay mineralogy AB Active landslides are evident throughout Bridger-Teton National Forest (BTNF), and northwestern Wyoming has one of the highest landslide densities in the country. Land use changes and increased demands for infrastructure challenge BTNF personnel to better understand landslide processes in order to make informed land management decisions. Despite recent population growth in the region, research on landslide phenomena is lacking. In this study, soil and geomorphic properties related to landslide occurrence were studied at 18 landslides in the BTNF. Landslides were categorized as active or inactive based on geomorphic features. Landslide soil characteristics including texture, shrink-swell potential, clay mineralogy, and horizonation were compared on active and inactive landslides. The results indicate that soil characteristics related to the degree of soil formation are different on active and inactive landslides. Soil characteristics such as plasticity, shrink-swell potential, and clay mineralogy influence slope stability and were distinctly different on active and inactive landslides, especially in C horizons. This study shows that soil characteristics and slope geomorphic properties may be useful for assessing landslide frequency. Our results support a hypothesis that landslide occurrence in the BTNF is related to weathering of soil and unconsolidated material, which affects clay mineralogy. C1 [Zung, Ashley B.; Sorenson, Curtis J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Winthers, Eric] US Forest Serv, USDA, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. RP Zung, AB (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. FU University of Kansas; Association of Women Geoscientists FX The authors thank the United States Forest Service, Bridger-Teton National Forest, Jackson office for providing aerial photos and field equipment to complete this research; Denise Wally at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln who performed the XRD analysis for clay mineralogy; Bill Johnson, University of Kansas, and the Association of Women Geoscientists, Osage Chapter, who provided funding for XRD analysis; and Rolfe Mandel and Daniel Hirmas for their editorial suggestions, which improved this manuscript greatly. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-3646 EI 1930-0557 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 30 IS 6 BP 501 EP 516 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.30.6.501 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 532FC UT WOS:000272729800002 ER PT J AU Timmerman-Vaughan, G Larsen, R Murray, S McPhee, K Coyne, C AF Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail Larsen, Richard Murray, Sarah McPhee, Kevin Coyne, Clarice TI Analysis of the Accumulation of Pea enation mosaic virus Genomes in Seed Tissues and Lack of Evidence for Seed Transmission in Pea (Pisum sativum) SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE RNA; PLANT-VIRUS; REPLICATION; SEQUENCE; GENE; AMPLIFICATION; DETERMINANTS; BACTERIA; EMBRYO; BARLEY AB Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) is an important virus disease of pea. International movement of commercial pea cultivars and germplasm can be problematic due to uncertainty about seed transmission of the viruses responsible for the disease. Whether PEMV is seedborne was assessed by collecting developing seed from infected plants and determining the relative concentrations of the PEMV-1 and PEMV-2 viral genomes using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The relative accumulation of PEMV-1 and PEMV-2 was approximate to 1,240 and 13,000 times higher, respectively, in leaf than in embryo tissues. Accumulation of PEMV-1 and PEMV-2 RNA was also significantly higher in pod walls and seed coats than in cotyledons or embryo axes. No evidence was obtained for seed transmission of PEMV in pea. Although PEMV-1 and PEMV-2 genomic RNAs were found in developing seed, no PEMV symptoms were observed in the field on more than 50,000 plants from seed derived from PEMV-infected source plants. These data demonstrate that PEMV is seedborne in pea but do not support a previous report that PEMV is seed transmitted. Absence of seed transmission may result from the low abundance of PEMV viral genomes in embryo tissue. C1 [Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail; Murray, Sarah] New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. [Larsen, Richard] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [McPhee, Kevin] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Coyne, Clarice] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Timmerman-Vaughan, G (reprint author), New Zealand Inst Plant & Food Res Ltd, POB 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. EM gail.timmerman-vaughan@plantandfood.co.nz RI Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail/J-7574-2013; OI Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail/0000-0001-5538-6383 FU New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology FX G. Timmerman-Vaughan and R. Larsen contributed equally to this work. The research was funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology. We thank R. Butler ( Plant & Food Research) for calculating confidence limits and S. Bulman and S. Zydenbos for critical comments that improved the manuscript. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 99 IS 11 BP 1281 EP 1288 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-11-1281 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 515XL UT WOS:000271506100007 PM 19821732 ER PT J AU Wang, D Rosen, C Kinkel, L Cao, A Tharayil, N Gerik, J AF Wang, D. Rosen, C. Kinkel, L. Cao, A. Tharayil, N. Gerik, J. TI Production of methyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide from soil-incorporated plant materials and implications for controlling soilborne pathogens SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Biofumigation; Green manure crops; White mustard (Sinapis alba); Verticillium dahliae; Fusarium oxysporum; Pythium spp.; Tylenchulus semipenetrans ID BORNE-FUNGAL-PATHOGENS; GLUCOSINOLATE-PROFILES; GREEN MANURES; VERTICILLIUM WILT; BRASSICA-JUNCEA; REPLANT DISEASE; POTATO DISEASES; COVER CROPS; MANAGEMENT; BIOFUMIGATION AB Soil-incorporated plant materials have been associated with reduction in soilborne pathogens and diseases. Mechanisms of the biocidal actions are complex and not well understood. A glasshouse experiment, a non replicated field demonstration, and a field experiment were conducted to determine volatile compounds after incorporation of various plant species and their effect on pest control. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), canola (Brassica rapa), kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. valmaine), two mustard varieties -Caliente (Brassica juncea) and Green wave (Brassica juncea), two radish varieties - Oil seed (Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis) and Cherriette (Raphanus sativus), common rye (Secale cereale), and sorghum Sudan grass (Sorghum bicolor var. sudanese) were used in the glasshouse experiment. Caliente 199 mustard (Brassica hirta) was planted in the field demonstration and white mustard (Sinapis alba) was used in the field experiment. Fresh plant materials were chopped manually in the glasshouse experiment and mechanically in the field studies at the flowering stage before incorporation in natural field soils. In the glasshouse experiment, the equivalent biomass dry weight ranged from a minimum of 573 g m(-2) for L. sativa var. valmaine to a maximum of 1851 g m(-2) for S. bicolor var. sudanese. The average biomass was 792 g m(-2) for B. hirta and 804 g m(-2) for S. alba in the two field studies, respectively. The glasshouse experiment used a loamy sand field soil inoculated with a natural fine sandy loam soil that was known to contain high populations of Verticillium dahliae. Soils at both field sites belonged to the sandy loam series, and efforts were made to maintain sufficient soil moisture for plant growth. Although the interest was to determine all volatile compounds in general, only methyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide were identified and subsequently quantified. Depending on plant species and time of sampling (one to seven days after soil incorporation), 2.7 to 346.4 mu g g (-1) plant dry weight for methyl sulfide and 0 to 283.2 mu g g (-1) plant dry weight for dimethyl disulfide were found in the glasshouse experiment. In general, high concentrations of dimethyl disulfide and methyl sulfide appeared to have reduced V. dahliae colony counts in bioassay potato stem saps in the glasshouse experiment. However, the correlation was weak (R (2) = 0.31), but a relatively stronger correlation was obtained (R (2) = 0.58) when excluding B. oleracea and B. rapa from the regression. Dimethyl disulfide and methyl sulfide were nearly non-detectable in the field demonstration, consequently no disease assessment was made. In the field experiment, a production of 5.2 mu g g (-1) plant dry weight for methyl sulfide and 1.2 mu g g (-1) dry weight for dimethyl disulfide was found two days after soil incorporation of S. alba. Compared to the untreated control, total Fusarium oxysporum counts in field soil were significantly lower 39 days after S. alba incorporation. However, no significant impact was found on total Pythium counts. Soil population of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) in the S. alba plots was significantly reduced to similar levels found in the untreated control 112 days after S. alba incorporation. Compared to the untreated control, soil density of non plant parasitic freeliving nematodes was higher 39 days after S. alba incorporation. The study demonstrated quantifiable production of methyl sulfide nd dimethyl disulfide gases from a variety of plant species in glasshouse and natural field environments. Some beneficial effects against V. dahliae, F. oxysporum, and T. semipenetrans were observed. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate these complex chemical and biological interactions. C1 [Wang, D.; Tharayil, N.; Gerik, J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Rosen, C.; Kinkel, L.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Cao, A.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Wang, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dong.wang@ars.usda.gov FU University of Minnesota IREE; USDA-ARS Pacific Area-wide FX The authors would like to thank Matt McNearney, Kun Xiao, Josh Zimmerman, and Chuck Hyatt for general help in the Minnesota experiments; Jim Gartung, Tom Pflaum, Nancy Goodell, Curtis Koga, and Patricia Mungur for the California experiment. We are grateful to Dale Gies of HiPerformance Seeds, Inc. (Moses Lake, WA) for donating the mustard seeds and John Petron (Long Prairie, MN) for letting us use his field and for planting and incorporating the mustard crop in the soil. Constructive comments on the manuscript from Susanne Klose, Mark Mazzola, and Erin Rosskopf are greatly appreciated. We also want to acknowledge grants from the University of Minnesota IREE program and USDA-ARS Pacific Area-wide Methyl Bromide Alternatives program. NR 49 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2009 VL 324 IS 1-2 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s11104-009-9943-y PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 509PA UT WOS:000271028800012 ER PT J AU Leivar, P Tepperman, JM Monte, E Calderon, RH Liu, TL Quail, PH AF Leivar, Pablo Tepperman, James M. Monte, Elena Calderon, Robert H. Liu, Tiffany L. Quail, Peter H. TI Definition of Early Transcriptional Circuitry Involved in Light-Induced Reversal of PIF-Imposed Repression of Photomorphogenesis in Young Arabidopsis Seedlings SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID REGULATED GENE-EXPRESSION; PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR; LOOP-HELIX PROTEIN; RED-LIGHT; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; CHLOROPHYLL BIOSYNTHESIS; CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT; SEED-GERMINATION; GLYOXYLATE CYCLE AB Light signals perceived by the phytochromes induce the transition from skotomorphogenic to photomorphogenic development (deetiolation) in dark-germinated seedlings. Evidence that a quadruple mutant (pifq) lacking four phytochrome-interacting bHLH transcription factors (PIF1, 3, 4, and 5) is constitutively photomorphogenic in darkness establishes that these factors sustain the skotomorphogenic state. Moreover, photoactivated phytochromes bind to and induce rapid degradation of the PIFs, indicating that the photoreceptor reverses their constitutive activity upon light exposure, initiating photomorphogenesis. Here, to define the modes of transcriptional regulation and cellular development imposed by the PIFs, we performed expression profile and cytological analyses of pifq mutant and wild-type seedlings. Dark-grown mutant seedlings display cellular development that extensively phenocopies wild-type seedlings grown in light. Similarly, 80% of the gene expression changes elicited by the absence of the PIFs in dark-grown pifq seedlings are normally induced by prolonged light in wild-type seedlings. By comparing rapidly light-responsive genes in wild-type seedlings with those responding in darkness in the pifq mutant, we identified a subset, enriched in transcription factor-encoding genes, that are potential primary targets of PIF transcriptional regulation. Collectively, these data suggest that the transcriptional response elicited by light-induced PIF proteolysis is a major component of the mechanism by which the phytochromes pleiotropically regulate deetiolation and that at least some of the rapidly light-responsive genes may comprise a transcriptional network directly regulated by the PIF proteins. C1 [Leivar, Pablo; Tepperman, James M.; Calderon, Robert H.; Liu, Tiffany L.; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leivar, Pablo; Tepperman, James M.; Calderon, Robert H.; Liu, Tiffany L.; Quail, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Monte, Elena] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Mol Genet, CSIC, Ctr Res Agrigenom CRAG,Inst Rec & Tecnol Agroalim, Barcelona 08034, Spain. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM quail@nature.berkeley.edu RI Elena, Monte/I-7221-2015; Leivar, Pablo/D-7808-2017 OI Leivar, Pablo/0000-0003-4878-3684 FU Spanish Ministry of Education and Science; National Institutes of Health [GM-47475]; Department of Energy [DEFG03-87ER13742]; USDA Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System [5335-21000-027-00D] FX We thank the Functional Genomics Laboratory at UC Berkeley for hybridizations of the microarrays, K. McDonald and R. Zalpuri ( Electron Microscopy Lab, UC Berkeley) for electron microscopy analysis, S. Ruzin ( Biological Imaging Facility, UC Berkeley) for confocal microscopy analysis, M. Casey ( Plant Gene Expression Center, UC Berkeley) for technical support, A. Smith ( Plant Gene Expression Center, UC Berkeley) for making media and solutions, and M. Hudson ( University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) for advice on statistics. This work was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science to P. L. and by National Institutes of Health Grant GM-47475, Department of Energy Grant DEFG03-87ER13742, and USDA Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System Grant 5335-21000-027-00D to P. H. Q. NR 64 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 2009 VL 21 IS 11 BP 3535 EP 3553 DI 10.1105/tpc.109.070672 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 539EE UT WOS:000273235600013 PM 19920208 ER PT J AU Domec, JC Palmroth, S Ward, E Maier, CA Therezien, M Oren, R AF Domec, Jean-Christophe Palmroth, Sari Ward, Eric Maier, Chris A. Therezien, M. Oren, Ram TI Acclimation of leaf hydraulic conductance and stomatal conductance of Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) to long-term growth in elevated CO2 (free-air CO2 enrichment) and N-fertilization SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE capacitance; embolism; reference conductances; reference leaf water potential; time constant; turgor loss point ID NORWAY SPRUCE TREES; XYLEM SAP FLUX; WATER RELATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; DOUGLAS-FIR; PLANT; BALANCE AB We investigated how leaf hydraulic conductance (K-leaf) of loblolly pine trees is influenced by soil nitrogen amendment (N) in stands subjected to ambient or elevated CO2 concentrations (CO(2)a and CO(2)e, respectively). We also examined how K-leaf varies with changes in reference leaf water potential (Psi(leaf-ref)) and stomatal conductance (g(s-ref)) calculated at vapour pressure deficit, D of 1 kPa. We detected significant reductions in K-leaf caused by N and CO(2)e, but neither treatment affected pre-dawn or midday Psi(leaf). We also detected a significant CO(2)e-induced reduction in g(s-ref) and Psi(leaf-ref). Among treatments, the sensitivity of K-leaf to Psi(leaf) was directly related to a reference K-leaf (Kleaf-ref computed at Psi(leaf-ref)). This liquid-phase response was reflected in a similar gas-phase response, with g(s) sensitivity to D proportional to g(s-ref). Because leaves represented a substantial component of the whole-tree conductance, reduction in K-leaf under CO(2)e affected whole-tree water use by inducing a decline in g(s-ref). The consequences of the acclimation of leaves to the treatments were: (1) trees growing under CO(2)e controlled morning leaf water status less than CO(2)a trees resulting in a higher diurnal loss of K-leaf; (2) the effect of CO(2)e on g(s-ref) was manifested only during times of high soil moisture. C1 [Domec, Jean-Christophe; Palmroth, Sari; Ward, Eric; Oren, Ram] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Therezien, M.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Domec, Jean-Christophe] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Maier, Chris A.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Domec, JC (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM jc.domec@duke.edu FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-95ER62083]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR 0628342] FX The Duke FACE research site was supported by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Terrestrial Carbon Processes (TCP) programme (DE-FG02-95ER62083). Support for S. Palmroth also came from the National Science Foundation (NSF-EAR 0628342). NR 77 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 8 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1500 EP 1512 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02014.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 505BM UT WOS:000270663000003 PM 19558405 ER PT J AU Macarisin, D Wisniewski, ME Bassett, C Thannhauser, TW AF Macarisin, Dumitru Wisniewski, Michael E. Bassett, Carole Thannhauser, Theodore W. TI Proteomic analysis of beta-aminobutyric acid priming and abscisic acid - induction of drought resistance in crabapple (Malus pumila): effect on general metabolism, the phenylpropanoid pathway and cell wall enzymes SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE drought stress; lignin biosynthesis; pectin methylesterase; rosaceae; woody plants ID S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE SYNTHETASE; L-METHIONINE SYNTHETASE; PECTIN METHYL ESTERASE; ANANASSA DUCH. PLANTS; PEACH PRUNUS-PERSICA; ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; GLYCINE BETAINE; WATER-DEFICIT; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB In a variety of herbaceous, model and crop plants, DL-beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA), has been shown to enhance both biotic and abiotic stress resistance by potentiating rather than inducing resistance responses but studies in woody plants are lacking. In the present study, two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) was used to quantify differences in protein abundance in leaf tissue from BABA-treated, abscisic acid (ABA)-treated and untreated (control) plants during a 10 d drought stress. ABA-treated seedlings were most resistant to water loss followed by BABA-treated seedlings and then untreated seedlings. Although some similarity was observed in the proteome of ABA- and BABA-treated seedlings, a dramatic shift in the proteome occurred earlier in ABA-treated seedlings. Some proteins showed almost identical patterns of increase or decrease in abundance in both BABA- and ABA-treated seedlings, supporting the concept that BABA-induced abiotic stress resistance in plants is achieved by potentiating an ABA-regulated pathway. Some proteins, however, were induced or suppressed only in BABA-primed plants, indicating that BABA may also mediate resistance via some ABA-independent pathways. Based on the putative function of the identified proteins, we propose that changes in cell wall enzymes and a suppression of lignin biosynthesis may play a specific role in BABA-primed drought resistance. C1 [Macarisin, Dumitru; Wisniewski, Michael E.; Bassett, Carole] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Thannhauser, Theodore W.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wisniewski, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM michael.wisniewski@ars.usda.gov NR 86 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1612 EP 1631 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02025.x PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 505BM UT WOS:000270663000012 ER PT J AU Huang, ZL Meilan, R Woeste, K AF Huang, Zhonglian Meilan, Richard Woeste, Keith TI A KNAT3-like homeobox gene from Juglans nigra L., JnKNAT3-like, highly expressed during heartwood formation SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Transition zone; Transcription factor; Black walnut; Hardwood ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; ROBINIA-PSEUDOACACIA; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; APICAL MERISTEM; ARABIDOPSIS; WOOD; PATTERNS; TREES; LOCALIZATION AB The value of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is affected by the quality and quantity of darkly colored heartwood in its stem. We are exploring the regulation of heartwood production by identifying genes associated with the transition from sapwood to heartwood. Previous microarray data indicated that heartwood formation may be related to programmed cell death (PCD). To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the region of heartwood formation in walnut stems (i.e., the transition zone, TZ) for the expression of 80 ESTs putatively associated with PCD. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression changes in candidate genes in the TZ and sapwood of trees harvested in summer and fall. The results revealed that the transcript of a clone that encodes a presumed homeobox protein knotted-1-like 3 (KNAT3) was highly expressed in the TZ when compared with other tissues. Analysis of the full-length coding sequence revealed that the black walnut gene contains regions with 67% similarity to Knox1 and Knox2 domains from the Arabidopsis thaliana KNAT3, as well as a putative homeodomain known to be a transcription factor in other plants. JnKNAT3-like transcript was detected in the pith meristem, roots, embryogenic callus, vascular cambium, female flowers, male flowers, green leaves, and partially and fully senescent leaves of black walnut, although transcript abundance varied considerably among tissues. These analyses may provide insight into the mechanism regulating heartwood formation in walnut and other hardwood trees. C1 [Woeste, Keith] Purdue Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr,No Res, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Huang, Zhonglian; Meilan, Richard] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Woeste, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr,No Res, 715W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM zhuang@danforthcenter.org; woeste@purdue.edu NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD NOV PY 2009 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1717 EP 1724 DI 10.1007/s00299-009-0771-6 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 521FN UT WOS:000271905900011 PM 19787353 ER PT J AU Wen, A Mallik, I Alvarado, VY Pasche, JS Wang, X Li, W Levy, L Lin, H Scholthof, HB Mirkov, TE Rush, CM Gudmestad, NC AF Wen, A. Mallik, I. Alvarado, V. Y. Pasche, J. S. Wang, X. Li, W. Levy, L. Lin, H. Scholthof, H. B. Mirkov, T. E. Rush, C. M. Gudmestad, N. C. TI Detection, Distribution, and Genetic Variability of 'Candidatus Liberibacter' Species Associated with Zebra Complex Disease of Potato in North America SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BACTERICERA-COCKERELLI SULC; PURPLE TOP PHYTOPLASMA; SAO-PAULO STATE; CHIP DISEASE; 1ST REPORT; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; GREENING DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ZEALAND; REAL-TIME AB The specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers developed for 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' and 'Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous' were evaluated in conventional and real-time PCR assays. All PCR primers were specific for 'Ca. L. psyllaurous' and 'Ca. L. solanacearum' insomuch as they did not detect other prokaryotic plant pathogens that affect potato except for the putative pathogens associated with psyllid-yellows and haywire. Conventional PCR assays were capable of detecting 0.19 to 1.56 ng of total DNA per reaction, and real-time PCR was found capable of detecting 1.56 to 6.25 ng of total DNA per reaction, depending on the specific PCR primer set used. 'Ca. Liberibacter' species associated with zebra complex disease (ZQ was confirmed in plants affected by this disease throughout Texas from 2005 to 2008, in seed tubers produced in Wyoming in 2007, and in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Mexico in 2008. A multiplex PCR assay using 'Ca. L. solanacearum'-specific primers and primers specific for the beta-tubulin DNA regions from potato was developed, providing possible utility of the multiplex assay for 'Ca. Liberibacter' detection in different solanaceous plant species. Preliminary studies suggest silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium), wolfberry (Lycium barbarum), black nightshade (S. ptychanthum), and jalapeno pepper (Capsicum annuum) as additional solanaceous hosts for the ZC-associated bacterium. The 'Ca. Liberibacter' species detected in all samples divided into two clusters sharing similarity of 99.8% in their partial 16S rRNA gene sequences and 99.3% in their partial intergenic spacer region (ISR)-23S rRNA gene sequences. Genetic variation in the 16S rDNA region consistently matched that of the ISR-23S rDNA region. In this partial 16S-ISR-23S rDNA region, there was a total of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms among 'Ca. L. psyllaurous' and 'Ca. L. solanacearum' "strains", investigated in this study. 'Ca. L. solanacearum' and 'Ca. L. psyllaurous' were shown to be very closely related bacteria, if not the same, by successful amplification using a combination of forward primer of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' and reverse primer of 'Ca. L. psyllaurous' in ZC-affected potato samples. This finding clarifies the current taxonomic status of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' and 'Ca. L. psyllaurous'. The detection of 'Ca. L. solanacearum' from haywire-symptomatic potato samples demonstrates that this bacterium might also be associated with this disease. C1 [Wen, A.; Mallik, I.; Pasche, J. S.; Wang, X.; Gudmestad, N. C.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Alvarado, V. Y.; Scholthof, H. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Li, W.; Levy, L.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lin, H.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Mirkov, T. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Rush, C. M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Gudmestad, NC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM Neil.Gudmestad@ndsu.edu FU Texas Department of Agriculture through Texas AgriLife Research, Frito-Lay, Inc. FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this research obtained from the Texas Department of Agriculture through Texas AgriLife Research, Frito-Lay, Inc.. CSS Farms, Black Gold Farms, Kirshenmann Farms, Western Potato Co., and the U.S. Potato Board. We also acknowledge Roberta Sherman, Nolan Anderson, Dean Peterson, Russell Benz, Bonnie Seaberg, Varinessa Vaughn, and Kristina Twigg for technical assistance; and Curt Doetkott for the technical assistance with statistical analyses. NR 39 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1102 EP 1115 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1102 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 509UV UT WOS:000271045000003 ER PT J AU Nitzan, N Evans, MA Cummings, TF Johnson, DA Batchelor, DL Olsen, C Haynes, KG Brown, CR AF Nitzan, Nadav Evans, Marc A. Cummings, Tom F. Johnson, Dennis A. Batchelor, Dallas L. Olsen, Chris Haynes, Kathleen G. Brown, Charles R. TI Field Resistance to Potato Stem Colonization by the Black Dot Pathogen Colletotrichum coccodes SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; CAUSAL AGENT; WALLR HUGHES; SOILBORNE INOCULUM; WASHINGTON-STATE; POWDERY SCAB; INFECTION; DISEASE; TUBERS; AZOXYSTROBIN AB Potato (Solanum tuberosum) germplasm was tested for resistance to stem colonization by the black dot pathogen Colletotrichum coccodes. Forty-six potato selections were tested in. three field trials from 2006 to 2008. Resistance was determined by comparing disease seventy on aboveground stems to the mean disease severity of the industry standards Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet, and Umatilla Russet. The potato selections were also tested for genotype*environment interaction to determine their genetic stability. Heritability of resistance was calculated to be 0.13 with confidence intervals between 0.00 and 0.68. The selections A0012-5, PA95B2-4, PA98NM38-1, and PO94A009-7 had less black dot than the standards in all years, and also demonstrated genetic stability. These selections also possess resistance to the root galling stage of the powdery scab pathogen Spongospora subterranea I. sp. subterranea. PA95B24, PA98NM38- 1, and P094009-7 were derived from an introgression program to incorporate resistance to the Columbia root-knot nematode Meloidogyne chitwoodi from the Mexican wild species Solanum bulbocastanum, and also have the commercial cultivar Summit Russet in their ancestry. These selections are promising steps toward sustainable management of black dot and powdery scab and will be further tested and used for breeding purposes. C1 [Nitzan, Nadav; Brown, Charles R.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Forage Crops & Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Evans, Marc A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cummings, Tom F.; Johnson, Dennis A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Batchelor, Dallas L.] Lamb Weston, Pasco, WA 99301 USA. [Olsen, Chris] LJ Olsen Inc, Othello, WA 99344 USA. [Haynes, Kathleen G.] USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Forage Crops & Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM chuck.brown@ars.usda.gov FU Washington State Potato Commission FX This research was supported by the Washington State Potato Commission. We thank Mr. Richard A. Quick and Mrs. Ricarda Castanieda for their technical support. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1116 EP 1122 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1116 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 509UV UT WOS:000271045000004 ER PT J AU Mideros, SX Windham, GL Williams, WP Nelson, RJ AF Mideros, Santiago X. Windham, Gary L. Williams, W. Paul Nelson, Rebecca J. TI Aspergillus flavus Biomass in Maize Estimated by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Is Strongly Correlated with Aflatoxin Concentration SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; EAR ROT; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; TAQMAN PCR; TRAIT LOCI; RESISTANCE; DNA; COLONIZATION; HEALTH; CORN AB Aspergillus flavus causes ear rot of maize and produces aflatoxins that can contaminate grain even in the absence of visible symptoms of infection. Resistance to aflatoxin accumulation and pathogen colonization are considered distinct traits in maize. Colonization of grain by fungi such as A. flavus has been difficult to quantify. We developed and validated two quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to estimate fungal biomass in maize tissues. In order to study the relationship between fungal biomass and aflatoxin accumulation, qPCR was conducted and aflatoxin concentrations were assayed in milled samples of mature maize kernels for two diverse sets of maize germplasm. The first was a set of hybrids that was inoculated with A. flavus in a conducive field environment in Mississippi. These hybrids, mainly early tropical and non-stiff-stalk genotypes adapted to local conditions, carry known sources of resistance among their progenitors. The second set, also tested in Mississippi, was a group of inbred lines representing a wider sample of maize genetic diversity. For both sets, our results showed a high correlation between fungal load and aflatoxin concentration in maize kernels. Our qPCR methodology could have a direct impact on breeding programs that aim to identify lines with resistance to aflatoxin accumulation, and set the stage for future studies on the genetic dissection of aflatoxin-related traits. C1 [Mideros, Santiago X.; Nelson, Rebecca J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nelson, Rebecca J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Windham, Gary L.; Williams, W. Paul] USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Nelson, RJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rjn7@cornell.edu RI Mideros, Santiago/C-5141-2012 OI Mideros, Santiago/0000-0002-8988-2964 FU McKnight Foundation; Generation Challenge Program FX This study was funded in part by The McKnight Foundation and the Generation Challenge Program. We thank E. Helliwell for advice on qPCR development and the Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit for advice on data analysis. NR 46 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1163 EP 1170 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1163 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 509UV UT WOS:000271045000011 ER PT J AU Brooks, SA Anders, MM Yeater, KM AF Brooks, Steven A. Anders, Merle M. Yeater, Kathleen M. TI Effect of Cultural Management Practices on the Severity of False Smut and Kernel Smut of Rice SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SOIL; ARKANSAS; SYSTEMS AB False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) and kernel smut (Neovossia horrida) are diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) that reduce both grain yield and quality. False smut is an emerging disease worldwide that is rapidly gaining in importance, whereas kernel smut has historically been a chronic minor disease with sporadic outbreaks that cause considerable losses. Highly effective disease control was obtained for susceptible cultivars by employing conservation tillage (69% reduction in false smut), continuous rice cropping (88% reduction in false smut), and moderate nitrogen fertility rates (34 and 60% reductions in false smut and kernel smut, respectively). Combining these treatments nearly eliminated smuts from cultivars that were fully susceptible under conventional cultivation practices. Furthermore, using a nursery designed to promote smut diseases, two rice hybrids were identified that possessed kernel smut resistance under the most favorable disease conditions. The genetic basis of the resistance is unknown. However, the utility for disease control is great because hybrids occupy significant portions of production rice acreage. C1 [Brooks, Steven A.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Anders, Merle M.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Yeater, Kathleen M.] USDA ARS, SPA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Brooks, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM ricegenes@mac.com NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1202 EP 1208 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1202 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 509UV UT WOS:000271045000017 ER PT J AU Li, S Moon, JS Lee, SH Domier, LL AF Li, S. Moon, J. S. Lee, S. H. Domier, L. L. TI First Report of Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus in Soybean in North America SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Li, S.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Moon, J. S.] Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Plant Genome Res Ctr, Taejon, South Korea. [Lee, S. H.] Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Dept Agr Biol, Suwon, South Korea. [Domier, L. L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL USA. RP Li, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1214 EP 1214 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1214B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 509UV UT WOS:000271045000020 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Zhang, W AF Ling, K. -S. Zhang, W. TI First Report of a Natural Infection by Mexican Papita Viroid and Tomato Chlorotic Dwarf Viroid on Greenhouse Tomatoes in Mexico SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Ling, K. -S.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Zhang, W.] Bionatur & DPA, Jocotitlan 50700, Mexico. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1216 EP 1216 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1216A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 509UV UT WOS:000271045000024 ER PT J AU Mekuria, TA Karasev, AV Martin, RR Naidu, RA AF Mekuria, T. A. Karasev, A. V. Martin, R. R. Naidu, R. A. TI First Report of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 in Six Wine Grape Cultivars in Idaho. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID WASHINGTON-STATE; VIRUSES C1 [Mekuria, T. A.; Naidu, R. A.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Karasev, A. V.] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Martin, R. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Mekuria, TA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1218 EP 1219 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1218C PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 509UV UT WOS:000271045000031 ER PT J AU Cowger, C Parks, R Marshall, D AF Cowger, C. Parks, R. Marshall, D. TI Appearance of Powdery Mildew of Wheat Caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici on Pm17-Bearing Cultivars in North Carolina. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Cowger, C.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cowger, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1219 EP 1219 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1219B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 509UV UT WOS:000271045000033 ER PT J AU Jones, RW Stommel, JR Wanner, LA AF Jones, R. W. Stommel, J. R. Wanner, L. A. TI First Report of Leveillula taurica Causing Powdery Mildew on Pepper in Maryland. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Jones, R. W.; Stommel, J. R.; Wanner, L. A.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jones, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1222 EP 1222 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1222A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 509UV UT WOS:000271045000040 ER PT J AU Joseph, B Schlueter, JA Du, JC Graham, MA Ma, JX Shoemaker, RC AF Joseph, Bindu Schlueter, Jessica A. Du, Jianchang Graham, Michelle A. Ma, Jianxin Shoemaker, Randy C. TI Retrotransposons within Syntenic Regions between Soybean and Medicago truncatula and Their Contribution to Local Genome Evolution SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Comparative genome analyses have described the extent of macro and microsynteny among closely related legumes. The organization of the intergenic regions within syntenic blocks and the involvement of retrotransposons in the evolution of these regions have not been studied in detail. In this paper, retrotransposon rich (gene-poor) and retrotransposon poor (gene-rich) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] regions showing synteny with Medicago truncatula Gaertn. were analyzed to understand the role of retrotransposons in the evolution of syntenic regions. The majority of the intact retroelements were inserted 2 million years ago (MYA). The abundance and the types of retrotransposons vary in homoeologous soybean regions. The retrotransposon-rich region showed local genome expansion in soybean compared to Medicago. The retrotransposon-poor region showed local genome expansion in Medicago suggesting that local genome sizes do not always reflect the global genome size difference between soybean and Medicago. One unique observation was the three-fold expansion of an ubiquitin specific protease (UBP12) gene in soybean due to multiple intronic retroelement insertions; yet a full-length transcript from the soybean UBP12 gene was confirmed. This study also uncovered a sample of the less explored non-LTR retrotransposons in soybean and their presence in the introns of genes. C1 [Graham, Michelle A.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Schlueter, Jessica A.; Du, Jianchang; Ma, Jianxin] Purdue Univ, Dep Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Joseph, Bindu] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rcsshoe@iastate.edu FU North Central Soybean Research Program (WBS) [26-6222-0183-005]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0501877] FX The authors are grateful to the North Central Soybean Research Program (WBS # 26-6222-0183-005) and National Science Foundation (Grant # DBI-0501877) for financial support for this project. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 211 EP 223 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2009.01.0001 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WP UT WOS:000208576000002 ER PT J AU Yang, SS Xu, WW Tesfaye, M Lamb, JFS Jung, HJG Samac, DA Vance, CP Gronwald, JW AF Yang, S. Samuel Xu, Wayne Wenzhong Tesfaye, Mesfin Lamb, JoAnn F. S. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Samac, Deborah A. Vance, Carroll P. Gronwald, John W. TI Single-Feature Polymorphism Discovery in the Transcriptome of Tetraploid Alfalfa SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Advances in alfalfa [Medicago sativa (L.) subsp. sativa] breeding, molecular genetics, and genomics have been slow because this crop is an allogamous autotetraploid (2n = 4x = 32) with complex polysomic inheritance and few genomic resources. Increasing cellulose and decreasing lignin in alfalfa stem cell walls would improve this crop as a cellulosic ethanol feedstock. We conducted genome-wide analysis of single-feature polymorphisms (SFPs) of two alfalfa genotypes (252, 1283) that differ in stem cell wall lignin and cellulose concentrations. SFP analysis was conducted using the Medicago GeneChip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) as a cross-species platform. Analysis of GeneChip expression data files of alfalfa stem internodes of genotypes 252 and 1283 at two growth stages (elongating, post-elongation) revealed 10,890 SFPs in 8230 probe sets. Validation analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing of a random sample of SFPs indicated a 17% false discovery rate. Functional classification and over-representation analysis showed that genes involved in photosynthesis, stress response and cell wall biosynthesis were highly enriched among SFP-harboring genes. The Medicago GeneChip is a suitable cross-species platform for detecting SFPs in tetraploid alfalfa. C1 [Xu, Wayne Wenzhong] Univ Minnesota, Supercomp Inst Adv Computat Res, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Yang, S. Samuel; Tesfaye, Mesfin; Lamb, JoAnn F. S.; Jung, Hans-Joachim G.; Samac, Deborah A.; Vance, Carroll P.; Gronwald, John W.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lamb, JoAnn F. S.; Jung, Hans-Joachim G.; Vance, Carroll P.; Gronwald, John W.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Samac, Deborah A.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Xu, WW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Supercomp Inst Adv Computat Res, 117 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM wxu@msi.umn.edu; John.Gronwald@ars.usda.gov RI Gronwald, Jacek/A-4576-2017 OI Gronwald, Jacek/0000-0002-3643-2871 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2009.03.0014 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WP UT WOS:000208576000003 ER PT J AU Abebe, T Wise, RP Skadsen, RW AF Abebe, Tilahun Wise, Roger P. Skadsen, Ronald W. TI Comparative Transcriptional Profiling Established the Awn as the Major Photosynthetic Organ of the Barley Spike While the Lemma and the Palea Primarily Protect the Seed SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB The lemma, palea, and awn of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) spike are photosynthetic organs that supply the developing seed with carbohydrates. The lemma and palea also enclose the seed and protect it from pathogens and insects. Despite the important roles they play, little information exists on gene expression in these organs that identifies their function. In this study, we compared gene expression among the lemma, palea, awn, and developing seed of barley during grain filling using the Barleyl Genome Array to identify highly expressed genes involved in the primary function of these organs. Hierarchical clustering and mixed model analysis revealed that the lemma and palea have closely related gene expression patterns. In addition, the lemma and palea overexpressed defense-related genes compared with the awn. The awn preferentially expressed genes for photosynthesis, the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoids, and reactive oxygen species scavenging. This suggests the lemma and palea are mainly protective organs whereas the awn is primarily a photosynthetic structure. The seed was enriched with genes for the biosynthesis of starch, storage proteins, enzyme inhibitors, and cell proliferation. C1 [Abebe, Tilahun] Univ No Iowa, Dep Biol, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] USDA ARS Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Skadsen, Ronald W.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Abebe, T (reprint author), Univ No Iowa, Dep Biol, 191 McCollum Sci Hall, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. EM Tilahun.Abebe@uni.edu FU Board of Regents of the State of Iowa; Office of Sponsored Programs; Graduate College; College of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology of the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA FX We are grateful to Diveena Vijeyandran, Aaron Walck, Eng Hwa-Ng, Emily Jackson, Kalpalatha Melmaee, and Justin Wilkins for their help on sample collection and RNA extraction and Matthew Moscou for initial analysis and formatting of the data set. We thank Billie Hemmer and Stephanie Witt for assistance in growing plants. We are grateful to Dr. Tesfaye Mersha for his advice on statistical analysis. We thank Dr. Virginia Berg and Dr. Jean Gerrath for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Board of Regents of the State of Iowa and the Office of Sponsored Programs, the Graduate College, the College of Natural Sciences, and the Department of Biology of the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 247 EP 259 DI 10.3835/plantgenome.2009.07.0019 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WP UT WOS:000208576000005 ER PT J AU Ligaba, A Kochian, L Pineros, M AF Ligaba, Ayalew Kochian, Leon Pineros, Miguel TI Phosphorylation at S384 regulates the activity of the TaALMT1 malate transporter that underlies aluminum resistance in wheat SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Aluminum tolerance; malate transporter; protein phosphorylation; dephosphorylation; site-directed mutagenesis; TaALMT1; TEVC; Xenopus oocyte ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; SLOW ANION CHANNELS; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; ABSCISIC-ACID; GUARD-CELLS; K+ CHANNELS; RECEPTOR KINASE; XENOPUS-OOCYTES; APICAL CELLS; ROOT APEX AB P>In this study we examined the role of protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in the transport properties of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) root malate efflux transporter underlying Al resistance, TaALMT1. Pre-incubation of Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing TaALMT1 with protein kinase inhibitors (K252a and staurosporine) strongly inhibited both basal and Al3+-enhanced TaALMT1-mediated inward currents (malate efflux). Pre-incubation with phosphatase inhibitors (okadaic acid and cyclosporine A) resulted in a modest inhibition of the TaALMT1-mediated currents. Exposure to the protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), enhanced TaALMT1-mediated inward currents. Since these observations suggest that TaALMT1 transport activity is regulated by PKC-mediated phosphorylation, we proceeded to modify candidate amino acids in the TaALMT1 protein in an effort to identify structural motifs underlying the process regulating phosphorylation. The transport properties of eight single point mutations (S56A, S183A, S324A, S337A, S351-352A, S384A, T323A and Y184F) generated in amino acid residues predicted to be phosphorylation sites and examined electrophysiologically. The basic transport properties of mutants S56A, S183A, S324A, S337A, S351-352A, T323A and Y184F were not altered relative to the wild-type TaALMT1. Likewise the sensitivity of these mutants to staurosporine resembled that observed for the wild-type transporter. However, the mutation S384A was noticeable, as in oocytes expressing this mutant protein TaALMT1-mediated basal and Al-enhanced currents were significantly inhibited, and the currents were insensitive to staurosporine or PMA. These findings indicate that S384 is an essential residue regulating TaALMT1 activity via direct protein phosphorylation, which precedes Al3+ enhancement of transport activity. C1 [Ligaba, Ayalew; Kochian, Leon; Pineros, Miguel] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Pineros, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM map25@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Pineros, Miguel/0000-0002-7166-1848 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extention [2007-35100-18436] FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2007-35100-18436 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extention awarded to LVK and MP. The authors would like to thank Lyza Maron, Matthew Milner and Jiping Liu for helpful discussion, and Xiaomin Jia and Eric Craft for technical assistance. NR 71 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 60 IS 3 BP 411 EP 423 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03964.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 512QS UT WOS:000271265700002 PM 19563436 ER PT J AU Cannon, SB May, GD Jackson, SA AF Cannon, Steven B. May, Gregory D. Jackson, Scott A. TI Three Sequenced Legume Genomes and Many Crop Species: Rich Opportunities for Translational Genomics SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; SYNTENIC REGIONS; GENE DUPLICATION; RESISTANCE; PEA; PALEOPOLYPLOIDY; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION AB This year marks the essential completion of the genome sequences of soybean (Glycine max), barrel medic (Medicago truncatula), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus japonicus). The impact of these assembled, annotated genomes will be enormous. Birdsfoot trefoil and barrel medic, both forage crops, are the preeminent laboratory plants used in legume research. Monetarily, soybean is the most valuable protein and edible oil crop in the world, and serves as a model for seed and other developmental processes. These genome sequences contain the vast majorities of gene and regulatory sequences for these plants, as well as information about evolutionary histories over the approximately 54 million years (Mya) since their common ancestor. These genome sequences are made more useful by virtue of the ability to compare between the genomes, and to transfer information from these biological models to other crop species and vice versa. This review will describe the basic characteristics of the sequenced legume genomes, and will highlight examples, opportunities, and challenges for translational genomics across the legumes. C1 [Cannon, Steven B.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [May, Gregory D.] Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Jackson, Scott A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Cannon, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM steven.cannon@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 151 IS 3 BP 970 EP 977 DI 10.1104/pp.109.144659 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 514XQ UT WOS:000271430500002 PM 19759344 ER PT J AU Rogers, A Ainsworth, EA Leakey, ADB AF Rogers, Alistair Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Leakey, Andrew D. B. TI Will Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentration Amplify the Benefits of Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION; CO2 ENRICHMENT FACE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LONG-TERM; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; GLYCINE-MAX; ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSES; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DROUGHT STRESS; SOIL CARBON AB Growth at elevated [CO(2)] stimulates photosynthesis and increases carbon (C) supply in all C(3) species. A sustained and maximal stimulation in productivity at elevated [CO(2)] requires an enhanced nutrient supply to match the increase in C acquisition. The ability of legumes to exchange C for nitrogen (N) with their N(2)-fixing symbionts has led to the hypothesis that legumes will have a competitive advantage over non-leguminous species when grown at elevated [CO(2)]. On balance, evidence suggests that in managed systems, legumes are more responsive to elevated [CO(2)] than other plants (e.g. Ainsworth and Long, 2005); however, in natural ecosystems, nutrient availability can limit the response of legumes to elevated [CO(2)] (Hungate et al., 2004; van Groenigen et al., 2006). Here, we consider these observations, outline the mechanisms that underlie them, and examine recent work that advances our understanding of how legumes respond to growth at elevated [CO(2)]. First we highlight the global importance of legumes and provide a brief overview of the symbiotic relationship. C1 [Rogers, Alistair] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Leakey, Andrew D. B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rogers, Alistair; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Leakey, Andrew D. B.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Rogers, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM arogers@bnl.gov RI Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science (grant no. DE-AC02-98CH10886 to A. R. and Brookhaven National Laboratory). NR 53 TC 90 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 76 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 151 IS 3 BP 1009 EP 1016 DI 10.1104/pp.109.144113 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 514XQ UT WOS:000271430500007 PM 19755541 ER PT J AU Klink, VP Matthews, BF AF Klink, Vincent P. Matthews, Benjamin F. TI Emerging Approaches to Broaden Resistance of Soybean to Soybean Cyst Nematode as Supported by Gene Expression Studies SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; INFECTION; ROOTS; MAX; PARASITISM; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION AB The major pest of soybean (Glycine max) is the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. One population of SCN can evoke a resistant response while a second population can evoke a susceptible response from the same soybean cultivar. Recently, interactions between SCN and soybean roots have been studied using commercially available microarrays to measure both soybean and nematode transcripts. Furthermore, precise dissection of nematode feeding sites (syncytia) using laser capture microdissection (LCM) now allows the study of gene expression specifically in syncytia during a resistant and susceptible reaction. Genes and pathways that are up- and down-regulated in roots and syncytia during the interaction of soybean with SCN have been identified. In this Update, we discuss recent research on gene expression during interactions of soybean with SCN and how this information is being used to identify soybean and SCN genes involved in resistance and susceptibility. C1 [Klink, Vincent P.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Matthews, Benjamin F.] USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Klink, VP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM vklink@biology.msstate.edu FU United Soybean Board [Y9254]; Research Initiation Program Grant at Mississippi State University; Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board FX This work was supported by the United Soybean Board (grant no. Y9254 to B.F.M.), and by the Research Initiation Program Grant at Mississippi State University and the Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board (to V.P.K.). NR 38 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 151 IS 3 BP 1017 EP 1022 DI 10.1104/pp.109.144006 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 514XQ UT WOS:000271430500008 PM 19675146 ER PT J AU Singer, SR Maki, SL Farmer, AD Ilut, D May, GD Cannon, SB Doyle, JJ AF Singer, Susan R. Maki, Sonja L. Farmer, Andrew D. Ilut, Dan May, Gregory D. Cannon, Steven B. Doyle, Jeff J. TI Venturing Beyond Beans and Peas: What Can We Learn from Chamaecrista? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PISUM-SATIVUM LEGUMINOSAE; EVOLUTION; LEGUMES; PAPILIONOIDEAE; NODULATION; DIVERSITY; GENOMICS; LOTUS AB Expanding legume research beyond the model members of the subfamily Papilionoideae (papilionoids) is necessary if we wish to capture more of the diversity of the enormous, economically important legume family. Chamaecrista fasciculata is emerging as a nonpapilionoid model, belonging to the paraphyletic subfamily Caesalpinioideae within the mimosoid clade. Mimosoids diverged from the common ancestor of soybean (Glycine max), Medicago truncatula, and Lotus japonicus nearly 60 million years ago-nearly contemporaneously with the origin of legumes. There is growing interest within the legume community in C. fasciculata as a complementary legume model for a number of reasons, including phylogenetic position, nodulation within a clade of limited nodulating species, nonpapilionoid floral morphology, herbaceous growth habit, and tractability in laboratory and field settings. Whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS) of C. fasciculata shoots, roots, and nodules, along with gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiling, provides community resources to address fundamental questions about legume evolution. A range of ecotypes, development of functional genomics tools, and an integration of research and undergraduate education leverage these genomic resources. C1 [Singer, Susan R.; Maki, Sonja L.] Carleton Coll, Dept Biol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. [Farmer, Andrew D.; May, Gregory D.] Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Ilut, Dan; Doyle, Jeff J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, LH Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cannon, Steven B.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, SR (reprint author), Carleton Coll, Dept Biol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. EM ssinger@carleton.edu OI Ilut, Daniel/0000-0001-7497-9109 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0746571, DUE-0837375] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant nos. DEB-0746571 and DUE-0837375). NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 151 IS 3 BP 1041 EP 1047 DI 10.1104/pp.109.144774 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 514XQ UT WOS:000271430500011 PM 19755538 ER PT J AU David, P Chen, NWG Pedrosa-Harand, A Thareau, V Sevignac, M Cannon, SB Debouck, D Langin, T Geffroy, V AF David, Perrine Chen, Nicolas W. G. Pedrosa-Harand, Andrea Thareau, Vincent Sevignac, Mireille Cannon, Steven B. Debouck, Daniel Langin, Thierry Geffroy, Valerie TI A Nomadic Subtelomeric Disease Resistance Gene Cluster in Common Bean SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR-DNA AMOUNTS; FREQUENT ECTOPIC RECOMBINATION; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; ALPHA-SATELLITE DNA; RICH REPEAT GENES; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; COLLETOTRICHUM-LINDEMUTHIANUM AB The B4 resistance (R) gene cluster is one of the largest clusters known in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris [Pv]). It is located in a peculiar genomic environment in the subtelomeric region of the short arm of chromosome 4, adjacent to two heterochromatic blocks (knobs). We sequenced 650 kb spanning this locus and annotated 97 genes, 26 of which correspond to Coiled-Coil-Nucleotide-Binding-Site-Leucine-Rich-Repeat (CNL). Conserved microsynteny was observed between the Pv B4 locus and corresponding regions of Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus in chromosomes Mt6 and Lj2, respectively. The notable exception was the CNL sequences, which were completely absent in these regions. The origin of the Pv B4-CNL sequences was investigated through phylogenetic analysis, which reveals that, in the Pv genome, paralogous CNL genes are shared among nonhomologous chromosomes (4 and 11). Together, our results suggest that Pv B4-CNL was derived from CNL sequences from another cluster, the Co-2 cluster, through an ectopic recombination event. Integration of the soybean (Glycine max) genome data enables us to date more precisely this event and also to infer that a single CNL moved from the Co-2 to the B4 cluster. Moreover, we identified a new 528- bp satellite repeat, referred to as khipu, specific to the Phaseolus genus, present both between B4-CNL sequences and in the two knobs identified at the B4 R gene cluster. The khipu repeat is present on most chromosomal termini, indicating the existence of frequent ectopic recombination events in Pv subtelomeric regions. Our results highlight the importance of ectopic recombination in R gene evolution. C1 [David, Perrine; Chen, Nicolas W. G.; Thareau, Vincent; Sevignac, Mireille; Langin, Thierry; Geffroy, Valerie] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Biotechnol Plantes, UMR 8618, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Geffroy, Valerie] Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Mixte Rech Genet Vegetale, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Pedrosa-Harand, Andrea] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Ctr Ciencias Biol, Dept Bot, Lab Citogenet Vegetal, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Cannon, Steven B.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Debouck, Daniel] Ctr Int Agr Trop, Genet Resources Unit, Cali 6713, Colombia. RP Geffroy, V (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Biotechnol Plantes, UMR 8618, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM valerie.geffroy@u-psud.fr RI Pedrosa-Harand, Andrea/D-9286-2012; OI Pedrosa-Harand, Andrea/0000-0001-5213-4770; Chen, Nicolas/0000-0002-7528-4656 FU Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Ministere de la Recherche FX This work was supported by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and a sequencing grant from the Ministere de la Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique to V.G. NR 118 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 151 IS 3 BP 1048 EP 1065 DI 10.1104/pp.109.142109 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 514XQ UT WOS:000271430500012 PM 19776165 ER PT J AU Kuppusamy, KT Ivashuta, S Bucciarelli, B Vance, CP Gantt, JS VandenBosch, KA AF Kuppusamy, Kavitha T. Ivashuta, Sergey Bucciarelli, Bruna Vance, Carroll P. Gantt, J. Stephen VandenBosch, Kathryn A. TI Knockdown of CELL DIVISION CYCLE16 Reveals an Inverse Relationship between Lateral Root and Nodule Numbers and a Link to Auxin in Medicago truncatula SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX; CELL-CYCLE REGULATION; OF-FUNCTION MUTATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSPORT REGULATION; MEDIATED PROTEOLYSIS; MERISTEM DEVELOPMENT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; NITROGEN-FIXATION AB The postembryonic development of lateral roots and nodules is a highly regulated process. Recent studies suggest the existence of cross talk and interdependency in the growth of these two organs. Although plant hormones, including auxin and cytokinin, appear to be key players in coordinating this cross talk, very few genes that cross-regulate root and nodule development have been uncovered so far. This study reports that a homolog of CELL DIVISION CYCLE16 (CDC16), a core component of the Anaphase Promoting Complex, is one of the key mediators in controlling the overall number of lateral roots and nodules. A partial suppression of this gene in Medicago truncatula leads to a decrease in number of lateral roots and a 4-fold increase in number of nodules. The roots showing lowered expression of MtCDC16 also show reduced sensitivity to phytohormone auxin, thus providing a potential function of CDC16 in auxin signaling. C1 [Kuppusamy, Kavitha T.; Ivashuta, Sergey; Gantt, J. Stephen; VandenBosch, Kathryn A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bucciarelli, Bruna; Vance, Carroll P.] Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP VandenBosch, KA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vande102@umn.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER15201]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0421676]; Bernard and Jean Phinney Fellowship; University of Minnesota FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (grant no. DE-FG02-01ER15201 to K.A V.) and by funding from the National Science Foundation (award no. DBI-0421676 to J.S.G.). K. T. K. was supported by a Bernard and Jean Phinney Fellowship and a Plant and Microbial Genetics Institute Fellowship from University of Minnesota. NR 72 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 151 IS 3 BP 1155 EP 1166 DI 10.1104/pp.109.143024 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 514XQ UT WOS:000271430500020 PM 19789288 ER PT J AU Hernandez, G Valdes-Lopez, O Ramirez, M Goffard, N Weiller, G Aparicio-Fabre, R Fuentes, SI Erban, A Kopka, J Udvardi, MK Vance, CP AF Hernandez, Georgina Valdes-Lopez, Oswaldo Ramirez, Mario Goffard, Nicolas Weiller, Georg Aparicio-Fabre, Rosaura Isabel Fuentes, Sara Erban, Alexander Kopka, Joachim Udvardi, Michael K. Vance, Carroll P. TI Global Changes in the Transcript and Metabolic Profiles during Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Phosphorus-Stressed Common Bean Plants SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION DATA; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; P-DEFICIENCY; N-2 FIXATION; MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PHOSPHATE DEPRIVATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ROOT DEVELOPMENT; SOYBEAN NODULES AB Phosphorus (P) deficiency is widespread in regions where the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), the most important legume for human consumption, is produced, and it is perhaps the factor that most limits nitrogen fixation. Global gene expression and metabolome approaches were used to investigate the responses of nodules from common bean plants inoculated with Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 grown under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions. P-deficient inoculated plants showed drastic reduction in nodulation and nitrogenase activity as determined by acetylene reduction assay. Nodule transcript profiling was performed through hybridization of nylon filter arrays spotted with cDNAs, approximately 4,000 unigene set, from the nodule and P-deficient root library. A total of 459 genes, representing different biological processes according to updated annotation using the UniProt Knowledgebase database, showed significant differential expression in response to P: 59% of these were induced in P-deficient nodules. The expression platform for transcription factor genes based in quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed that 37 transcription factor genes were differentially expressed in P-deficient nodules and only one gene was repressed. Data from nontargeted metabolic profiles indicated that amino acids and other nitrogen metabolites were decreased, while organic and polyhydroxy acids were accumulated, in P-deficient nodules. Bioinformatics analyses using MapMan and PathExpress software tools, customized to common bean, were utilized for the analysis of global changes in gene expression that affected overall metabolism. Glycolysis and glycerolipid metabolism, and starch and Suc metabolism, were identified among the pathways significantly induced or repressed in P-deficient nodules, respectively. C1 [Hernandez, Georgina; Valdes-Lopez, Oswaldo; Ramirez, Mario; Aparicio-Fabre, Rosaura; Isabel Fuentes, Sara] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. [Goffard, Nicolas; Weiller, Georg] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Integrat Legume Res, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Hernandez, Georgina; Erban, Alexander; Kopka, Joachim] Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, D-14476 Golm, Germany. [Udvardi, Michael K.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Hernandez, Georgina; Vance, Carroll P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hernandez, Georgina; Vance, Carroll P.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hernandez, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico. EM gina@ccg.unam.mx OI Kopka, Joachim/0000-0001-9675-4883 FU Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico/Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico [PAPIIT: IN211607]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [USDA-FAS MX161]; German Academic Exchange Service; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico [200048] FX This work was supported by the Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico/Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (grant no. PAPIIT: IN211607 and sabbatical fellowship to G. H.), by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (grant no. USDA-FAS MX161 to the University of Minnesota), by the German Academic Exchange Service (research stay fellowship to G. H.), and by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico (studentship no. 200048 to V.-L.). NR 71 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 151 IS 3 BP 1221 EP 1238 DI 10.1104/pp.109.143842 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 514XQ UT WOS:000271430500026 PM 19755543 ER PT J AU Kang, BH Xiong, YQ Williams, DS Pozueta-Romero, D Chourey, PS AF Kang, Byung-Ho Xiong, Yuqing Williams, Donna S. Pozueta-Romero, Diego Chourey, Prem S. TI Miniature1-Encoded Cell Wall Invertase Is Essential for Assembly and Function of Wall-in-Growth in the Maize Endosperm Transfer Cell SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EXPRESSION ANALYSES; GENE; PEDICEL; TISSUE; DIFFERENTIATION; MUTATION; ENCODES; PROTEIN AB The miniature1 (mn1) seed phenotype in maize (Zea mays) is due to a loss-of-function mutation at the Mn1 locus that encodes a cell wall invertase (INCW2) that localizes exclusively to the basal endosperm transfer cells (BETCs) of developing seeds. A common feature of all transfer cells is the labyrinth-like wall-in-growth (WIG) that increases the plasma membrane area, thereby enhancing transport capacity in these cells. To better understand WIG formation and roles of INCW2 in the BETC development, we examined wild-type and mn1 mutant developing kernels by cryofixation and electron microscopy. In Mn1 seeds, WIGs developed uniformly in the BETC layer during 7 to 17 d after pollination, and the secretory/endocytic organelles proliferated in the BETCs. Mitochondria accumulated in the vicinity of WIGs, suggesting a functional link between them. In the mn1 BETCs, WIGs were stunted and their endoplasmic reticulum was swollen; Golgi density in the mutant BETCs was 51% of the Mn1 Golgi density. However, the polarized distribution of mitochondria was not affected. INCW2-specific immunogold particles were detected in WIGs, the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi stacks, and the trans-Golgi network in the Mn1 BETCs, while immunogold particles were extremely rare in the mutant BETCs. Levels of WIG development in the empty pericarp4 mutant was heterogeneous among BETCs, and INCW2 immunogold particles were approximately four times more abundant in the larger WIGs than in the stunted WIGs. These results indicate that polarized secretion is activated during WIG formation and that INCW2 is required for normal development of WIGs to which INCW2 is localized. C1 [Kang, Byung-Ho; Xiong, Yuqing; Williams, Donna S.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kang, Byung-Ho] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Pozueta-Romero, Diego; Chourey, Prem S.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chourey, Prem S.] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kang, BH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bkang@ufl.edu RI Xiong, Yuqing/D-5404-2009; Kang, Byung-Ho/F-5262-2013 OI Xiong, Yuqing/0000-0001-5826-3696; FU Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences-Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research Innovative Project Initiative; U. S. Department of Agriculture [6615-21000-009-00D] FX This work was supported by the start-up fund from the Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida (to B.-H. K.), the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences-Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research Innovative Project Initiative (to B.-H. K.), and the U. S. Department of Agriculture (grant no. 6615-21000-009-00D to P. S. C.). NR 48 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 151 IS 3 BP 1366 EP 1376 DI 10.1104/pp.109.142331 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 514XQ UT WOS:000271430500037 PM 19759348 ER PT J AU Larson, SR Scheuring, C Kaur, P Cliften, PF Mott, IW Bushman, BS Dong, JJ Zhang, Y Zhang, XJ Kiani, M Wu, YH Liu, YH Zhang, HB Chatterton, NJ Wang, RRC AF Larson, Steven R. Scheuring, Chantel Kaur, Parminder Cliften, Paul F. Mott, Ivan W. Bushman, B. Shaun Dong, Jenifer J. Zhang, Yang Zhang, Xiaojun Kiani, Mahanz Wu, Yen-Hsuan Liu, Yun-Hua Zhang, Hong-Bin Chatterton, N. Jerry Wang, Richard R. -C. TI BAC library development for allotetraploid Leymus (Triticeae) wildryes enable comparative genetic analysis of lax-barrenstalk1 orthogene sequences and growth habit QTLs SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Axillary branch meristem; Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library; Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain; Homoeologous loci; Orthologous loci; Transcription factor ID ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; SODIC DRAINAGE WATER; BASIN WILDRYE; 3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; TALL WHEATGRASS; DRAFT SEQUENCE; GENOME AB Tall-caespitose basin wildrye (Leymus cinereus) and rhizomatous creeping wildrye (Leymus triticoides) are perennial Triticeae relatives of wheat and barley. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling rhizome proliferation were previously detected on homoeologous regions of LG3a and LG3b in two full-sib families derived from allotetraploid hybrids. Triticeae homoeologous group 3 aligns to rice chromosome 1, which contains the rice lax panicle and maize barrenstalk1 orthogene responsible for induction of axillary branch meristems, but this gene has not been mapped or sequenced in Triticeae. We developed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries representing 6.1 haploid equivalents of the tetraploid Leymus genome (10.7 Mb). Overgo probes designed from the lax-barrenstalk1 orthogene hybridized to 12 Leymus BAC clones. Deduced amino-acid sequences from seven BAC clones were highly conserved with the rice, maize, and sorghum lax-barrenstalk1orthogenes. Gene specific primers designed from two of the most divergent BAC clones map to homoeologous regions of Leymus LG3a and LG3b and align with the lax-barrenstalk1 orthogene on rice 1L Comparisons of genomic DNA sequences revealed two other conserved regions surrounding the Leymus LG3a, rice, and sorghum lax-barrenstalk1 ortholoci, and one of these regions was also present in maize and Leymus LG3b sequences. Comparisons of Leymus LG3a and LG3b lax-barrenstalk1 coding sequences and flanking genomic regions elucidate molecular differences between subgenomes. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Larson, Steven R.; Mott, Ivan W.; Bushman, B. Shaun; Chatterton, N. Jerry; Wang, Richard R. -C.] ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Scheuring, Chantel; Dong, Jenifer J.; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Xiaojun; Kiani, Mahanz; Wu, Yen-Hsuan; Liu, Yun-Hua; Zhang, Hong-Bin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kaur, Parminder] Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Climate Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Cliften, Paul F.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Richard.Wang@ars.usda.gov RI Zhang, Yang/A-5460-2011 NR 69 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 177 IS 5 BP 427 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.07.006 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 495EQ UT WOS:000269873800007 ER PT J AU Costanzo, S Jia, YL AF Costanzo, Stefano Jia, Yulin TI Alternatively spliced transcripts of Pi-ta blast resistance gene in Oryza sativa SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Blast disease; Magnaporthe oryzae; Plant disease resistance; Pi-ta; Thioredoxin ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; FLAX RUST RESISTANCE; LEUCINE-RICH REPEATS; OPEN READING FRAMES; NBS-LRR PROTEINS; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; CITRX THIOREDOXIN; DEFENSE RESPONSES; FULL-LENGTH AB The Pi-ta gene in rice (Oryza sativa L.) confers resistance to races of Magnaporthe oryzae B. Couch containing its cognate avirulence gene AVR-Pita. Pi-ta is a single-copy plant resistance (R) gene encoding a protein belonging to the nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) class. In the present study, we report alternative splicing events at the Pi-ta locus, the identification of new introns and novel differentially used splice sites associated with the Pi-ta gene. A total of 12 transcript variants were predicted with ORFs ranging from 945 to 3099 bp and encoding 11 distinct putative products between 315 and 1033 amino acids. Among them, five preserve complete NBS-LRR domains and two couple the original NBS-LRR domain of the Pi-ta protein with a C-terminal thioredoxin (TRX) domain. Gene expression analysis revealed that transcript variants encoding the TRX domain had, in a resistant Pi-ta containing rice variety, the highest level of expression in comparison to the other full length or truncated transcripts. These post-transcriptional modifications of Pi-ta produce a series of transcript isoforms that could have a significant role in the R gene regulation and/or may increase protein diversity. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of alternative splicing of a CC-NBS-LRR gene producing truncated isoforms at both their 5' or 3' terminus and including transcripts with a TRX domain at their C-terminus. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Costanzo, Stefano; Jia, Yulin] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Jia, YL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM yulin.jia@ars.usda.gov FU USDA headquarter FX The authors thank Michael Lin for assistance in greenhouse operation, Kristen Pratt and Eli Eggerman for technical assistance, Xueyan Wang, Seonghee Lee and Yuntao Dai for useful discussions and comments. We also thank Brian Scheffler and Fanny Liu for the sequencing data. We are grateful to Steven Brooks, Richard Jones and anonymous reviewers for critical reading and helpful comments of the manuscript. This research was in part funded by a post-doc grant from the USDA headquarter. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 177 IS 5 BP 468 EP 478 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.07.012 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 495EQ UT WOS:000269873800011 ER PT J AU Yuan, YX Chiu, LW Li, L AF Yuan, Youxi Chiu, Li-Wei Li, Li TI Transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in red cabbage SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanin biosynthesis; Red cabbage; Transcriptional regulation; Nutrient deficiency ID LOOP-HELIX PROTEIN; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; FLAVONOID RESEARCH; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENE ENCODES; ARABIDOPSIS; MYB; ACCUMULATION; PATHWAY; FAMILY AB The color of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is due to anthocyanin accumulation. To investigate the regulatory control of anthocyanin production in red cabbage, the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes from eight commercial cultivars was examined. While the four green varieties had negligible amount of anthocyanins under normal growth condition, the four red cultivars contained up to 1.60 mg g(-1) fresh weight. HPLC analysis of the four red cultivars revealed that they produced similar composition of various forms of cyanidin glucosides but at different concentrations. Molecular analysis indicated that all the red cabbage shared common mechanism of regulatory control for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Except CHI which showed similar expression levels between green and red cultivars, the other structural genes, CHS, F3H, F3'H, DFR, LDOX, and GST, were constitutively up-regulated during all stages of vegetative growth in red varieties. The expression of these structural genes was also dramatically increased in green and red cabbage under nutrient stresses. The increased expression of the structural genes coincided with a coordinated increase in transcript levels of a bHLH gene, BoTT8, and a MYB transcription factor, BoMYB2. These results indicate that activation of these two regulatory factors by unknown mechanisms constitutively up-regulates nearly the entire pathway genes for the onset of anthocyanin biosynthesis in red cabbage. Moreover, the amount of total anthocyanins in red cabbage was found to be positively correlated with total antioxidant power, implicating the potential health benefit of red cabbage to human health. C1 [Yuan, Youxi; Chiu, Li-Wei; Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ll37@cornell.edu NR 49 TC 48 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2009 VL 230 IS 6 BP 1141 EP 1153 DI 10.1007/s00425-009-1013-4 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 508ZB UT WOS:000270978100006 PM 19756724 ER PT J AU Chasman, DI Pare, G Mora, S Hopewell, JC Peloso, G Clarke, R Cupples, LA Hamsten, A Kathiresan, S Malarstig, A Ordovas, JM Ripatti, S Parker, AN Miletich, JP Ridker, PM AF Chasman, Daniel I. Pare, Guillaume Mora, Samia Hopewell, Jemma C. Peloso, Gina Clarke, Robert Cupples, L. Adrienne Hamsten, Anders Kathiresan, Sekar Maelarstig, Anders Ordovas, Jose M. Ripatti, Samuli Parker, Alex N. Miletich, Joseph P. Ridker, Paul M. TI Forty-Three Loci Associated with Plasma Lipoprotein Size, Concentration, and Cholesterol Content in Genome-Wide Analysis SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; SPLICE-SITE MUTATION; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; METABOLIC-SYNDROME; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD-GROUPS; RISK; POPULATION AB While conventional LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglyceride measurements reflect aggregate properties of plasma lipoprotein fractions, NMR-based measurements more accurately reflect lipoprotein particle concentrations according to class (LDL, HDL, and VLDL) and particle size (small, medium, and large). The concentrations of these lipoprotein sub-fractions may be related to risk of cardiovascular disease and related metabolic disorders. We performed a genome-wide association study of 17 lipoprotein measures determined by NMR together with LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, ApoA1, and ApoB in 17,296 women from the Women's Genome Health Study (WGHS). Among 36 loci with genome-wide significance (P<5 x 10(-8)) in primary and secondary analysis, ten (PCCB/STAG1 (3q22.3), GMPR/MYLIP (6p22.3), BTNL2 (6p21.32), KLF14 (7q32.2), 8p23.1, JMJD1C (10q21.3), SBF2 (11p15.4), 12q23.2, CCDC92/DNAH10/ZNF664 (12q24.31.B), and WIPI1 (17q24.2)) have not been reported in prior genome-wide association studies for plasma lipid concentration. Associations with mean lipoprotein particle size but not cholesterol content were found for LDL at four loci (7q11.23, LPL (8p21.3), 12q24.31.B, and LIPG (18q21.1)) and for HDL at one locus (GCKR (2p23.3)). In addition, genetic determinants of total IDL and total VLDL concentration were found at many loci, most strongly at LIPC (15q22.1) and APOC-APOE complex (19q13.32), respectively. Associations at seven more loci previously known for effects on conventional plasma lipid measures reveal additional genetic influences on lipoprotein profiles and bring the total number of loci to 43. Thus, genome-wide associations identified novel loci involved with lipoprotein metabolism-including loci that affect the NMR-based measures of concentration or size of LDL, HDL, and VLDL particles-all characteristics of lipoprotein profiles that may impact disease risk but are not available by conventional assay. C1 [Chasman, Daniel I.; Pare, Guillaume; Mora, Samia; Ridker, Paul M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Donald W Reynolds Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chasman, Daniel I.; Pare, Guillaume; Mora, Samia; Ridker, Paul M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Mora, Samia; Ridker, Paul M.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hopewell, Jemma C.; Clarke, Robert; Hamsten, Anders; Maelarstig, Anders] Univ Oxford, PROCARDIS Consortium, Oxford, England. [Hopewell, Jemma C.; Clarke, Robert] Univ Oxford, Clin Trial Serv Unit, Oxford, England. [Peloso, Gina; Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. [Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Hamsten, Anders; Maelarstig, Anders] Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Stockholm, Sweden. [Kathiresan, Sekar] MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kathiresan, Sekar] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ripatti, Samuli] FIMM, Inst Mol Med Finland, Helsinki, Finland. [Parker, Alex N.] Amgen Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Miletich, Joseph P.] Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. RP Chasman, DI (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Donald W Reynolds Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Prevent, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dchasman@rics.bwh.harvard.edu RI Ripatti, Samuli/H-9446-2014; OI Ripatti, Samuli/0000-0002-0504-1202; Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU Donald W. Reynolds Foundation; Fondation LeDucq (Paris, France); National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [HL043851, HL54776]; National Cancer Institute [CA047988]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-9-001]; British Heart Foundation; EC [LSHM-CT-2007-037273]; Swedish Medical Research Council [8691]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; AstraZeneca AB FX This work was funded by the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation (Las Vegas, NV), the Fondation LeDucq (Paris, France), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI; HL043851) and the National Cancer Institute (CA047988). J.O. was supported by the NHLBI (HL54776) and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (under agreement no. 58-1950-9-001). Analysis in the Framingham Heart Study was supported by the NHLBI (HL54776). Analysis in PROCARDIS was funded by the British Heart Foundation, the EC Sixth Framework Programme (LSHM-CT-2007-037273), the Swedish Medical Research Council (8691), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, and AstraZeneca AB. Other than Amgen, which provided genotyping and collaborative scientific support, the funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 153 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7404 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 5 IS 11 AR e1000730 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000730 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 528CW UT WOS:000272419500025 PM 19936222 ER PT J AU Wei, FS Zhang, JW Zhou, SG He, RF Schaeffer, M Collura, K Kudrna, D Faga, BP Wissotski, M Golser, W Rock, SM Graves, TA Fulton, RS Coe, E Schnable, PS Schwartz, DC Ware, D Clifton, SW Wilson, RK Wing, RA AF Wei, Fusheng Zhang, Jianwei Zhou, Shiguo He, Ruifeng Schaeffer, Mary Collura, Kristi Kudrna, David Faga, Ben P. Wissotski, Marina Golser, Wolfgang Rock, Susan M. Graves, Tina A. Fulton, Robert S. Coe, Ed Schnable, Patrick S. Schwartz, David C. Ware, Doreen Clifton, Sandra W. Wilson, Richard K. Wing, Rod A. TI The Physical and Genetic Framework of the Maize B73 Genome SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MAP; SEQUENCE; MARKERS; RESOURCES; GRASSES AB Maize is a major cereal crop and an important model system for basic biological research. Knowledge gained from maize research can also be used to genetically improve its grass relatives such as sorghum, wheat, and rice. The primary objective of the Maize Genome Sequencing Consortium (MGSC) was to generate a reference genome sequence that was integrated with both the physical and genetic maps. Using a previously published integrated genetic and physical map, combined with in-coming maize genomic sequence, new sequence-based genetic markers, and an optical map, we dynamically picked a minimum tiling path (MTP) of 16,910 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and fosmid clones that were used by the MGSC to sequence the maize genome. The final MTP resulted in a significantly improved physical map that reduced the number of contigs from 721 to 435, incorporated a total of 8,315 mapped markers, and ordered and oriented the majority of FPC contigs. The new integrated physical and genetic map covered 2,120 Mb (93%) of the 2,300-Mb genome, of which 405 contigs were anchored to the genetic map, totaling 2,103.4 Mb (99.2% of the 2,120 Mb physical map). More importantly, 336 contigs, comprising 94.0% of the physical map (similar to 1,993 Mb), were ordered and oriented. Finally we used all available physical, sequence, genetic, and optical data to generate a golden path (AGP) of chromosome-based pseudomolecules, herein referred to as the B73 Reference Genome Sequence version 1 (B73 RefGen_v1). C1 [Wei, Fusheng; Zhang, Jianwei; He, Ruifeng; Collura, Kristi; Kudrna, David; Wissotski, Marina; Golser, Wolfgang; Wing, Rod A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Arizona Genom Inst, Inst Collaborat Res BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wei, Fusheng; Zhang, Jianwei; He, Ruifeng; Collura, Kristi; Kudrna, David; Wissotski, Marina; Golser, Wolfgang; Wing, Rod A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Arizona Genom Inst, Inst Collaborat Res BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zhou, Shiguo; Schwartz, David C.] Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Dept Chem, Lab Mol & Computat Genom, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schaeffer, Mary; Coe, Ed] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [Schaeffer, Mary; Coe, Ed] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Faga, Ben P.; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Rock, Susan M.; Graves, Tina A.; Fulton, Robert S.; Clifton, Sandra W.; Wilson, Richard K.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. [Schnable, Patrick S.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Genom, Ames, IA USA. [Wilson, Richard K.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Wei, FS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Arizona Genom Inst, Inst Collaborat Res BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rwing@ag.arizona.edu RI He, Ruifeng/F-1418-2010; Zhou, Shiguo/B-3832-2011; OI Zhou, Shiguo/0000-0001-7421-2506; Zhang, Jianwei/0000-0001-8030-5346; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 FU NSF Plant Genome Program-The Maize Genome Sequencing Project [DBI-0527192]; Maize Optical Map Project [DBI-0501818] FX This work is supported by NSF Plant Genome Program-The Maize Genome Sequencing Project (DBI-0527192) to RKW, SWC, RSF, PSS, DW, and RAW, and by the Maize Optical Map Project (DBI-0501818) to DCS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 5 IS 11 AR e1000715 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000715 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 528CW UT WOS:000272419500011 PM 19936061 ER PT J AU Zhang, LF Chia, JM Kumari, S Stein, JC Liu, ZJ Narechania, A Maher, CA Guill, K McMullen, MD Ware, D AF Zhang, Lifang Chia, Jer-Ming Kumari, Sunita Stein, Joshua C. Liu, Zhijie Narechania, Apurva Maher, Christopher A. Guill, Katherine McMullen, Michael D. Ware, Doreen TI A Genome-Wide Characterization of MicroRNA Genes in Maize SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SMALL RNAS; COMPUTATIONAL IDENTIFICATION; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; PLANT MICRORNAS; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; DUPLICATION EVENTS; REGULATORY ROLES AB MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play essential roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. We conducted a genome-wide survey of maize miRNA genes, characterizing their structure, expression, and evolution. Computational approaches based on homology and secondary structure modeling identified 150 high-confidence genes within 26 miRNA families. For 25 families, expression was verified by deep-sequencing of small RNA libraries that were prepared from an assortment of maize tissues. PCR-RACE amplification of 68 miRNA transcript precursors, representing 18 families conserved across several plant species, showed that splice variation and the use of alternative transcriptional start and stop sites is common within this class of genes. Comparison of sequence variation data from diverse maize inbred lines versus teosinte accessions suggest that the mature miRNAs are under strong purifying selection while the flanking sequences evolve equivalently to other genes. Since maize is derived from an ancient tetraploid, the effect of whole-genome duplication on miRNA evolution was examined. We found that, like protein-coding genes, duplicated miRNA genes underwent extensive gene-loss, with similar to 35% of ancestral sites retained as duplicate homoeologous miRNA genes. This number is higher than that observed with protein-coding genes. A search for putative miRNA targets indicated bias towards genes in regulatory and metabolic pathways. As maize is one of the principal models for plant growth and development, this study will serve as a foundation for future research into the functional roles of miRNA genes. C1 [Zhang, Lifang; Chia, Jer-Ming; Kumari, Sunita; Stein, Joshua C.; Liu, Zhijie; Narechania, Apurva; Maher, Christopher A.; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Guill, Katherine; McMullen, Michael D.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. [McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri Columbia, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [Ware, Doreen] USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zhang, LF (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM Doreen.Ware@ars.usda.gov RI Chia, Jer-Ming/C-9992-2012 FU USDA-ARS CRIS [1907-21000-014-00D, 3622-21000-027D]; NSF [DBI-0527192] FX This work was funded by USDA-ARS CRIS Project # 1907-21000-014-00D and 3622-21000-027D and NSF DBI-0527192. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 122 TC 156 Z9 293 U1 1 U2 43 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 5 IS 11 AR e1000716 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000716 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 528CW UT WOS:000272419500012 PM 19936050 ER PT J AU Zhou, SG Wei, FS Nguyen, J Bechner, M Potamousis, K Goldstein, S Pape, L Mehan, MR Churas, C Pasternak, S Forrest, DK Wise, R Ware, D Wing, RA Waterman, MS Livny, M Schwartz, DC AF Zhou, Shiguo Wei, Fusheng Nguyen, John Bechner, Mike Potamousis, Konstantinos Goldstein, Steve Pape, Louise Mehan, Michael R. Churas, Chris Pasternak, Shiran Forrest, Dan K. Wise, Roger Ware, Doreen Wing, Rod A. Waterman, Michael S. Livny, Miron Schwartz, David C. TI A Single Molecule Scaffold for the Maize Genome SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; GENETIC-MAP; OPTICAL MAPS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; RESTRICTION MAPS; PLANT GENOMES; DNA; RETROTRANSPOSONS; HYBRIDIZATION AB About 85% of the maize genome consists of highly repetitive sequences that are interspersed by low-copy, gene-coding sequences. The maize community has dealt with this genomic complexity by the construction of an integrated genetic and physical map (iMap), but this resource alone was not sufficient for ensuring the quality of the current sequence build. For this purpose, we constructed a genome-wide, high-resolution optical map of the maize inbred line B73 genome containing >91,000 restriction sites (averaging 1 site/similar to 23 kb) accrued from mapping genomic DNA molecules. Our optical map comprises 66 contigs, averaging 31.88 Mb in size and spanning 91.5% (2,103.93 Mb/similar to 2,300 Mb) of the maize genome. A new algorithm was created that considered both optical map and unfinished BAC sequence data for placing 60/66 (2,032.42 Mb) optical map contigs onto the maize iMap. The alignment of optical maps against numerous data sources yielded comprehensive results that proved revealing and productive. For example, gaps were uncovered and characterized within the iMap, the FPC (fingerprinted contigs) map, and the chromosome-wide pseudomolecules. Such alignments also suggested amended placements of FPC contigs on the maize genetic map and proactively guided the assembly of chromosome-wide pseudomolecules, especially within complex genomic regions. Lastly, we think that the full integration of B73 optical maps with the maize iMap would greatly facilitate maize sequence finishing efforts that would make it a valuable reference for comparative studies among cereals, or other maize inbred lines and cultivars. C1 [Zhou, Shiguo; Bechner, Mike; Potamousis, Konstantinos; Goldstein, Steve; Pape, Louise; Churas, Chris; Forrest, Dan K.; Schwartz, David C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Lab Mol & Computat Genom, Lab Genet,Biotechnol Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wei, Fusheng; Wing, Rod A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nguyen, John; Mehan, Michael R.; Waterman, Michael S.] Univ So Calif, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Nguyen, John; Mehan, Michael R.; Waterman, Michael S.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Nguyen, John; Mehan, Michael R.; Waterman, Michael S.] Univ So Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Pasternak, Shiran; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Wise, Roger] ARS, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Wise, Roger] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA USA. [Ware, Doreen] ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. [Livny, Miron] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Comp Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zhou, SG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Lab Mol & Computat Genom, Lab Genet,Biotechnol Ctr, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dcschwartz@wisc.edu RI Zhou, Shiguo/B-3832-2011; OI Zhou, Shiguo/0000-0001-7421-2506; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 FU NSF [DBI-0501818]; NHGRI [R01 HG000225] FX Funding provided by NSF DBI-0501818 and NHGRI R01 HG000225 (DCS). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 98 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 5 IS 11 AR e1000711 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000711 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 528CW UT WOS:000272419500007 PM 19936062 ER PT J AU Deahl, KL Perez, FM Thompson, JM Fleming-Archibald, C Thompson, S Collier, R Kildea, S Cooke, LR AF Deahl, Kenneth L. Perez, Frances M. Thompson, Jonathan M. Fleming-Archibald, Caoimhe Thompson, Stephen Collier, Rosemary Kildea, Steven Cooke, Louise R. TI Characterization of Phytophthora infestans Isolates from Jersey, Channel Islands SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Channel Islands; Jersey Royal; Phytophthora infestans; Potato late blight AB Potato production on the island of Jersey, in the English Channel, is dominated by Jersey Royal, a selection of the early cultivar International Kidney. Jersey Royal is very susceptible to Phytophthora infestans, the cause of potato late blight, and Jersey's climate is frequently conducive to infection. During 2004-2006, isolates of P. infestans were obtained from Jersey Royal plant samples from 41 different sites (24 crops, one infected tuber, 16 volunteers) and from five outdoor tomato crops and characterised by mating type, mtDNA haplotype, Gpi and Pep allozyme genotype, metalaxyl resistance and RG57 fingerprint. A subset of 17 isolates was additionally characterised by simple sequence repeat (SSR). All but one isolate from potato belonged to a single A1 multilocus genotype or a variant. The five isolates from tomato represented three distinct genotypes, none of which was found on potato and included one which was A2 mating type. The populations of P. infestans on potato and tomato in Jersey appear distinct, with that on potato being highly clonal. C1 [Cooke, Louise R.] Agri Food & Biosci Inst, Appl Plant Sci & Biometr Div, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. [Deahl, Kenneth L.; Perez, Frances M.] ARS, USDA, PSI, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Thompson, Jonathan M.; Fleming-Archibald, Caoimhe; Cooke, Louise R.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Thompson, Stephen; Collier, Rosemary] States Jersey Planning & Environm Dept, Environm Div, Trinity JE3 5JP, Jersey, England. [Kildea, Steven] Teagasc Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP Cooke, LR (reprint author), Agri Food & Biosci Inst, Appl Plant Sci & Biometr Div, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. EM louise.cooke@afbini.gov.uk NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 52 IS 4 BP 341 EP 354 DI 10.1007/s11540-009-9138-1 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA V24MG UT WOS:000208413900007 ER PT J AU Layton, SL Kapczynski, DR Higgins, S Higgins, J Wolfenden, AD Liljebjelke, KA Bottje, WG Swayne, D Berghman, LR Kwon, YM Hargis, BM Cole, K AF Layton, S. L. Kapczynski, D. R. Higgins, S. Higgins, J. Wolfenden, A. D. Liljebjelke, K. A. Bottje, W. G. Swayne, D. Berghman, L. R. Kwon, Y. M. Hargis, B. M. Cole, K. TI Vaccination of chickens with recombinant Salmonella expressing M2e and CD154 epitopes increases protection and decreases viral shedding after low pathogenic avian influenza challenge SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 97th Annual Meeting of the Poultry-Science-Association CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE Salmonella; M2e; vaccine; avian influenza ID A VIRUS CHALLENGE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MATRIX PROTEIN-2; PEPTIDE VACCINE; MICE; IMMUNITY; CD40; ANTIGEN AB Avian influenza (AI) is a significant public health concern and serious economic threat to the commercial poultry industry worldwide. Previous research demonstrates that antibodies against M2e confer protection against influenza challenge. Using the Red recombinase system in combination with overlapping extension PCR, we recently developed several novel attenuated Salmonella Enteritidis strains that express a protective M2e epitope in combination with a potential immune-enhancing CD154 peptide sequence on the Salmonella outer membrane protein lamB. Commercial Leghorn chicks were orally immunized (immunization dose: 10(6) to 10(8) cfu/chick) with saline (negative control) or one of the recombinant Salmonella strains [Delta aroA M2e-CD154, Delta trA M2e-CD154, Delta aroA-Delta htrA M2e(4)-CD154] on day of hatch and 21 d posthatch. These candidate vaccine strains were evaluated for their ability to invade, colonize, and persist in tissues and elicit an M2e-specific antibody response. The vaccine candidate strain Delta aroA M2e-CD154 exhibited significantly greater organ invasion in the liver and spleen at d 7 (P > 0.05); however, no marked differences in colonization of the cecal tonsils were observed. Vaccinated chickens exhibited significantly increased M2e-specific IgG responses, which were further enhanced by simultaneous expression of CD154 (P < 0.05). Virus neutralization assays gave neutralizing indices of 6.6, 6.3, and 6.3 for Delta aroA M2e-CD154, Delta htrA M2e-CD154, and Delta aroA-Delta htrA M2e(4)-CD154 seven days post booster immunization, respectively, indicating effective neutralization of AI by serum IgG of vaccinated chickens. In a subsequent direct challenge study, specific-pathogenfree Leghorn chicks immunized with Delta aroA-Delta htrA M2e(4)-CD154 offered significant protection against direct challenge with low pathogenic AI H7N2, but not highly pathogenic H5N1 AI. Taken together, these data suggest that these Salmonella-vectored vaccines expressing M2e in association with CD154 are effective at protecting chickens against low pathogenic AI. C1 [Cole, K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Layton, S. L.; Higgins, S.; Higgins, J.; Wolfenden, A. D.; Bottje, W. G.; Kwon, Y. M.; Hargis, B. M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kapczynski, D. R.; Liljebjelke, K. A.; Swayne, D.] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Berghman, L. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Cole, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM cole.436@osu.edu RI Cole, Kimberly/B-4054-2012 NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 11 BP 2244 EP 2252 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00251 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 512ZU UT WOS:000271292000002 PM 19834072 ER PT J AU Stringfellow, K McReynolds, J Lee, J Byrd, J Nisbet, D Farnell, M AF Stringfellow, K. McReynolds, J. Lee, J. Byrd, J. Nisbet, D. Farnell, M. TI Effect of bismuth citrate, lactose, and organic acid on necrotic enteritis in broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Clostridium perfringens; bismuth citrate; necrotic enteritis; lactose; citric acid ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; DIETARY LACTOSE; CHICKENS; DISEASE; SUBSALICYLATE; COLONIZATION; PH AB Clostridium perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis causes significant economic losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bismuth citrate, lactose, and organic acid on the development of necrotic enteritis in broilers. The first study was a dose response that evaluated bismuth citrate at 50, 100, or 200 ppm on bacterial intestinal colonization and lesion development associated with our C. perfringens challenge model. The second study evaluated bismuth citrate, lactose, and citric acid on intestinal pH and lesion development. For the third study, we determined if lactose would enhance the efficacy of bismuth citrate against intestinal colonization and lesion development associated with C. perfringens. In study 1, intestinal lesion scores at the 50, 100, and 200 ppm bismuth citrate treatment level were reduced (P <= 0.05) when compared with the birds fed 0 ppm bismuth citrate. Intestinal C. perfringens colonization of the 100 and 200 ppm bismuth citrate treatment group was significantly reduced when compared with birds fed 0 ppm bismuth citrate. In study 2, we found no significant differences in lesion development, after C. perfringens challenge, between birds fed 100 ppm bismuth citrate or fed a combination of 100 ppm bismuth citrate with dietary lactose or citric acid relative to the controls. The intestinal pH of birds fed 100 ppm bismuth citrate or fed a combination of 100 ppm bismuth citrate with dietary lactose or citric acid was not significantly reduced when compared with the controls. However, a significant reduction in pH was observed in birds fed a combination of 100 ppm bismuth citrate and lactose relative to the negative controls. In study 3, a decrease (P <= 0.05) in intestinal lesion scores occurred in birds fed lactose with 100 ppm bismuth citrate, compared with the positive controls. There were no significant differences in intestinal bacterial colonization. These preliminary data suggest that bismuth citrate may reduce intestinal lesion development and C. perfringens colonization in broilers infected with necrotic enteritis. C1 [McReynolds, J.; Byrd, J.; Nisbet, D.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Stringfellow, K.; Lee, J.; Farnell, M.] Texas A&M Syst, Dept Poultry Sci, Texas AgriLife Res, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP McReynolds, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Jackson.McReynolds@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 11 BP 2280 EP 2284 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00456 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 512ZU UT WOS:000271292000006 PM 19834076 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Buhr, RJ Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Buhr, R. J. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. TI Campylobacter species occurrence within internal organs and tissues of commercial caged Leghorn laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; antimicrobial resistance; caged laying hen; internalization; ceca ID BROILER BREEDER HENS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; SALMONELLA SEROVARS; JEJUNI STRAINS; IN-VITRO; POULTRY; PREVALENCE; SPP. AB Campylobacter spp. are frequently present in the intestinal tract and internal tissues of broiler breeder and broiler chickens. Campylobacter spp. ecology in commercial Leghorn laying hens has not been extensively studied. The objectives of the current study were to determine 1) Campylobacter spp. presence in the reproductive tract, lymphoid organs, liver-gallbladder, and ceca of commercial Leghorn laying hens; 2) species of Campylobacter present; and 3) antimicrobial resistance pattern of Campylobacter isolates. In study 1, three flocks ranging from 94 to 105 wk of age were sampled from a commercial laying complex. In study 2, two flocks, 82 and 84 wk of age, were sampled from a separate complex. Hens were killed, defeathered, aseptically necropsied, and the spleen, liver-gallbladder, ovarian follicles, and upper ( infundibulum, magnum, and isthmus) and lower ( shell gland and vagina) reproductive tracts were aseptically removed before the ceca. Samples were packed on ice and transported to the laboratory for evaluation. For speciation, a standard BAX real-time PCR method was used while susceptibility testing was performed using US National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) standards and recommended quality control organisms. Isolates were examined for susceptibility using a semi-automated testing system (Sensititer) to the following 9 antimicrobials: azithromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, telithromycin, and tetracycline. In study 1, the isolation rate was 13, 67, 53, 3, 13, and 57% from the ovarian follicles, lower reproductive tract, upper reproductive tract, spleen, liver-gallbladder, and ceca, respectively. In study 2, the isolation rate was 17, 43, 33, 20, 17, and 73% from the ovarian follicles, lower reproductive tract, upper reproductive tract, spleen, liver-gallbladder, and ceca, respectively. Overall, 50% of isolates were Campylobacter jejuni, 49% Campylobacter coli, and 1% Campylobacter lari. In study 1, all of the isolates were pan-susceptible. In study 2, thirty-seven percent of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Commercial table egg laying hens housed in colony cages on wire floors had diverse Campylobacter spp. recovered from different tissues and these isolates were not resistant to a broad range of antimicrobials. C1 [Cox, N. A.; Richardson, L. J.; Buhr, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Fedorka-Cray, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Bacteriol Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM nelson.cox@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 11 BP 2449 EP 2456 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00195 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 512ZU UT WOS:000271292000029 PM 19834099 ER PT J AU Boyd, CS Svejcar, TJ AF Boyd, Chad S. Svejcar, Tony J. TI Managing Complex Problems in Rangeland Ecosystems SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; conservation partnerships; decision tools; ecological complexity; ecosystem management; knowledge distillation; process-based ecology; windows of management opportunity ID TRANSITION MODELS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; RESTORATION; HABITAT AB Management of rangelands, and natural resources in general, has become increasingly complex. There is an atmosphere of increasing expectations for conservation efforts associated with a variety of issues from water quality to endangered species. We argue that many current issues are complex by their nature, which influences how we approach them. We define a complex problem as one that varies in time and space. In other words, one answer may not be correct for all sites or during all years. For simple problems a generalized answer may be sufficient, and even for complex problems, general rules provide a good starting point. However, we suggest that it is important to distinguish between simple and complex problems. Several key obstacles emerge when considering complex natural resource problems, namely, 1) no single entity can handle all aspects of the problem and 2) significant knowledge gaps exist and will continue to exist into the future. We suggest that overcoming these obstacles will benefit from 1) a framework for effective partnerships and 2) a mechanism for continuous learning. Managing complex problems will require some combination of the following: 1) a process-based understanding of the problem (i.e., what causes variation in time and space), 2) adaptive management, and 3) effective coordination of research and management. There are many examples of organizations applying portions of these approaches to complex problems; however, it seems that ill many cases the process has simply evolved in that direction rather than being a planned strategy. We suggest that as a profession we need to have a discussion about the nature of the problems we are addressing and how researchers and managers can jointly address these problems. C1 [Boyd, Chad S.; Svejcar, Tony J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Boyd, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A,Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM chad.boyd@oregonstate.edu NR 49 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 24 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 62 IS 6 BP 491 EP 499 DI 10.2111/08-194.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528UZ UT WOS:000272473800001 ER PT J AU Jones, BE Lile, DF Tate, KW AF Jones, Bobette E. Lile, David F. Tate, Kenneth W. TI Effect of Simulated Browsing on Aspen Regeneration: Implications for Restoration SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cascades; frequency; grazing; intensity; Populus tremuloides Michx.; season ID 1988 YELLOWSTONE FIRES; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; TREMBLING ASPEN; COLORADO; GROWTH; ROOT; USA; PERSISTENCE; MOUNTAINS; CATTLE AB Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is a disturbance-dependent, fire-resilient, shade-intolerant, clonal species that is in decline throughout western North America. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of intensity and season of browsing on annual height growth of aspen suckers. The goal was to aid development of livestock grazing strategies to restore stands in decline due to excessive livestock browsing. We implemented 33 combinations of intensity and season of browse on aspen suckers in three aspen stands on Eagle Lake Range District, Lassen National Forest, California, USA, during 2003 and 2004. Greatest growth was on suckers with no terminal leader browse and <= 25% of biomass removed from branches. Lowest growth occurred when 90% of terminal leader length and 50% of branch biomass was removed. Growth was most negatively affected by browse on terminal leader. Growth was lowest for suckers browsed midseason only and suckers browsed both early and midseason. Occurrence of conifer in the stand overstory significantly reduced sucker growth. Managers should minimize browse on terminal leaders, midseason browse over consecutive years, and repeated browse during a growing season. C1 [Tate, Kenneth W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jones, Bobette E.] US Forest Serv, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. [Lile, David F.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. RP Tate, KW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 1,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kwtate@ucdavis.edu NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 62 IS 6 BP 557 EP 563 DI 10.2111/.1/REM-D-09-00082.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528UZ UT WOS:000272473800008 ER PT J AU Nichols, MH Ruyle, GB Nourbakhsh, IR AF Nichols, Mary H. Ruyle, George B. Nourbakhsh, Illah R. TI Very-High-Resolution Panoramic Photography to Improve Conventional Rangeland Monitoring SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE auto stitching; digital photography; pasture; riparian; wildlife AB Rangeland monitoring often includes repeat photographs as a basis for documentation. Whereas photographic equipment and electronics have been evolving rapidly, photographic monitoring methods for rangelands have changed little over time because each Picture is a compromise between resolution and area covered. Advances in image sensors, storage media, and image-processing software allow enormous amounts of information to be collected efficiently and inexpensively, so multiple pictures taken at full zoom can be combined into a single high-resolution panoramic image. This project was initiated to integrate very-high-resolution panoramic images with conventional rangeland monitoring methods addressing three resource management categories: riparian areas, wildlife, and invasive species. C1 [Nichols, Mary H.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Ruyle, George B.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Nourbakhsh, Illah R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Nichols, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mary.nichols@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 62 IS 6 BP 579 EP 582 DI 10.2111/.1/REM-D-09-00017.1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528UZ UT WOS:000272473800011 ER PT J AU Estienne, MJ Harper, AF Speight, SM Crawford, RJ Barb, CR AF Estienne, Mark J. Harper, Allen F. Speight, Susan M. Crawford, Russell J. Barb, C. Richard TI Effect of naloxone treatment on luteinizing hormone and testosterone concentrations in boars with high and low libido SO REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE opioids; luteinizing hormone; testosterone; sexual behavior; boars ID IMMATURE MALE PIG; PROLACTIN SECRETION; OPIOID INHIBITION; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; GROWTH-HORMONE; GONADOTROPIN; GILT; MODULATION; ESTRADIOL; MORPHINE AB The objective was to determine the effects of the opioid peptide receptor antagonist, naloxone on circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in boars characterized as having high (n=8) or low libido (n=8) based on the willingness to mount an artificial sow and allow semen collection. On the day of the experiment, blood was sampled every 15 min for 4 h before and 4 h after i.v. injection of naloxone (1 mg/kg body weight). After naloxone treatment, a libido status by time interaction was detected and concentrations of LH within 15 min after treatment were greater (p<0.05) for High-libido boars than for Low-libido boars. Concentrations of testosterone were highly variable amongst boars and there were. no effects of libido status (p=0.66) or libido status by time (p=0.66). There was, however, an effect of time (p <= 0.01), and concentrations of testosterone in samples collected between 0.5 and 1.25 h after naloxone were greater than concentrations in samples collected prior to injection. In summary, the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-gonadotropic-gonadal axis to opioid receptor antagonism was heightened in boars displaying a high level of sexual motivation. Reproductive Biology 2009 9 3: 241-252. C1 [Estienne, Mark J.; Harper, Allen F.; Speight, Susan M.; Crawford, Russell J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Barb, C. Richard] ARS, USDA, Poultry Proc & Swine Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. RP Estienne, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Tech Tidewater Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 6321 Holland Rd, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. EM mestienn@vt.edu FU Virginia Pork Industry Board and Hatch funds [VA-135759] FX This research was supported by a grant from the Virginia Pork Industry Board and Hatch funds allocated to the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station (Project No. VA-135759). The completion of this study would not have been possible without the expert technical assistance provided by Terry Lee and Lee Johnson. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ANIMAL REPRODUCTION FOOD RESEARCH PI OLSZTYN PA POLISH ACAD SCIENCES OLSZTYN, UL BYDGOSKA 1-8, PO BOX 55, OLSZTYN, 10-243, POLAND SN 1642-431X J9 REPROD BIOL JI Reprod. Biol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 241 EP 252 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 531BU UT WOS:000272638500003 PM 19997477 ER PT J AU Day, RM Matus, IA Suzuki, YJ Yeum, KJ Qin, J Park, AM Jain, V Kuru, T Tang, GW AF Day, Regina M. Matus, Ismael A. Suzuki, Yuichiro J. Yeum, Kyung-Jin Qin, Jian Park, Ah-Mee Jain, Vivek Kuru, Tunay Tang, Guangwen TI Plasma levels of retinoids, carotenoids and tocopherols in patients with mild obstructive sleep apnoea SO RESPIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant; carotenoid; retinoid; sleep apnoea; tocopherol ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; PULMONARY ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VITAMIN-A; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RETINYL ESTERS; BETA-CAROTENE; ACID AB Background and objective: OSA is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Pathogenic mechanisms of vascular diseases include thickened vascular walls due to the increased number of smooth muscle cells (SMC). Retinoic acid (RA) suppresses the growth of SMC, and reduced retinoid levels are associated with vascular diseases. Oxidant signalling promotes SMC growth, thus antioxidant levels may also influence the development of cardiovascular diseases. The present study tested the hypothesis that plasmas from OSA patients contain altered levels of retinoids, carotenoids and tocopherols. Methods: Plasma samples were taken before and after sleep from patients with OSA (mostly mild) without known cardiovascular diseases and from control subjects. Levels of retinoids, carotenoids and tocopherols were measured using sensitive gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry and high pressure liquid chromatography methods and total antioxidant capacity was assessed fluorometrically. Results: Results showed that plasmas from patients with OSA had significantly lower retinyl palmitate and 9-cis RA compared with control subjects, while levels of retinol, all-trans RA and 13-cis RA were indifferent. All trans beta-carotene and 9-cis beta-carotene were also lower in OSA patients. Levels of all-trans RA and 13-cis RA in OSA patients were reduced after sleep compared with before sleep. OSA patients showed significantly higher delta-tocopherol compared with controls. Treatment of cultured human vascular SMC with post-sleep OSA patient plasmas promoted cell growth, but not in controls. Conclusions: Mild OSA exhibits altered levels of specific retinoids, carotenoids and tocopherols, which may be markers and/or mediators for the increased susceptibility of patients to vascular diseases. C1 [Day, Regina M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Matus, Ismael A.; Kuru, Tunay] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Suzuki, Yuichiro J.; Park, Ah-Mee] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Jain, Vivek] George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Yeum, Kyung-Jin; Qin, Jian; Tang, Guangwen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Day, RM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bldg C,Room 2023,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM rday@usuhs.mil FU National Institutes of Health [HL73929, HL67340, HL72844, DK60021]; USDA ARS [51000-065] FX This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants HL73929 (to RMD), HL67340 and HL72844 (to YJS), and DK60021 and USDA ARS 51000-065 (to GT). The opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of Defense, the Department of Agriculture or the U. S. Federal Government. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1323-7799 J9 RESPIROLOGY JI Respirology PD NOV PY 2009 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1134 EP 1142 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01623.x PG 9 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 510BX UT WOS:000271064100010 PM 19761534 ER PT J AU Miesel, JR Boerner, REJ Skinner, CN AF Miesel, Jessica R. Boerner, Ralph E. J. Skinner, Carl N. TI Mechanical Restoration of California Mixed-Conifer Forests: Does it Matter Which Trees Are Cut? SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest floor; microbial activity; mixed-conifer forests; soil nutrients; soil organic matter; thinning ID ENZYME-ACTIVITY; PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS; SOUTHERN CASCADES; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; MONTANE FORESTS; PONDEROSA PINE; FIRE REGIMES; SOIL; NITROGEN; DECOMPOSITION AB The montane ecosystems of northern California have been subjected to repeated manipulation and active fire suppression for over a century, resulting in changes in community structure that contribute to increased wildfire hazard. Ecosystem restoration via reduction of stand density for wildfire hazard mitigation has received substantial attention in recent years; however, many ecological questions remain unanswered. This study compares belowground effects of two alternative forest thinning treatments designed to restore the large, old tree component of late-seral structure, one of which focuses on restoring Pinus ponderosa dominance (Pine-preference) and the other of which promotes development of large trees regardless of species (Size-preference). We evaluated forest floor and soil chemical and microbial parameters in six experimental thinning treatment units of 40 ha each in the Klamath National Forest of northern California 5-6 years after thinning. Inorganic N availability, soil organic C content, phenol oxidase activity, and forest floor C:N ratio were greater in the Size-preference treatment, whereas forest floor N and soil pH were greater in the Pine-preference treatment. Our results indicate that these two thinning strategies produce differences in the soil environment that has the potential to affect growth rates of trees that remain, as well as the growth and survivorship of newly established seedlings. Thus, which species/individuals are removed during structural restoration of these mixed-conifer forests matters both to the belowground components of the ecosystem today and the vegetation and productivity of the ecosystem in future decades. C1 [Miesel, Jessica R.; Boerner, Ralph E. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Skinner, Carl N.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Miesel, JR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM miesel.1@osu.edu FU Joint Fire Sciences Program FX This paper is contribution number 14 of the GAMA Ecological Research Project and publication number 135 of the Fire and Fire Surrogate Network Study. Funding for this project was provided by the Joint Fire Sciences Program. We thank C. Abbott and USDA Forest Service field crews for field assistance and J. Brinkman, C. Giai, J. Huang, P. Ruse, and A. Shenoy for laboratory assistance. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 17 IS 6 BP 784 EP 795 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00414.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 524GL UT WOS:000272131700004 ER PT J AU Perry, RW Rudolph, DC Thill, RE AF Perry, Roger W. Rudolph, D. Craig Thill, Ronald E. TI Reptile and Amphibian Responses to Restoration of Fire-Maintained Pine Woodlands SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibians; Arkansas; burning; fire; habitat restoration; herpetofauna; Ouachita Mountains; reptiles; savanna; woodland ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; COMMUNITY RESTORATION; OPHEODRYS-AESTIVUS; OUACHITA MOUNTAINS; HARDWOOD FOREST; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTHERN; HERPETOFAUNA; DISTURBANCE AB Fire-maintained woodlands and savannas are important ecosystems for vertebrates in many regions of the world. These ecosystems are being restored by forest managers, but little information exists on herpetofaunal responses to this restoration in areas dominated by shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata). We compared habitat characteristics and herpetofaunal communities in restored pine woodlands to relatively unmanaged, second-growth forests in the Ouachita Mountains of western Arkansas, USA. We found woodland restoration with periodic burning affected species differently; some species benefited, some species appeared negatively affected, but most species did not respond clearly either way. Overall reptile captures were significantly (p = 0.041) greater in pine-woodlands than in unrestored forest; one species of snake and three species of lizards were captured more often in woodlands than unrestored forests. Among anurans, we found no significant difference in captures between woodlands and unrestored forests for any species. Among salamanders, we captured western slimy salamanders (Plethodon albagula) almost exclusively in unrestored forest, but captures of other species did not differ between the two treatments. Historically, the Ouachita region likely consisted of a mosaic that included both fire-maintained habitats (woodlands, savannas, and prairies) and areas of denser forest on mesic sites that were less likely to burn. Consequently, landscapes that retain both open woodlands and denser, less-intensely burned forest (in the form of unharvested greenbelts or separate stands) would likely promote and maintain a greater diversity of herpetofauna. C1 [Perry, Roger W.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Rudolph, D. Craig; Thill, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. RP Perry, RW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM rperry03@fs.fed.us FU Southern Research Station; ONF FX We thank R. Buford, H. Williamson, T. Tanner, and students from Stephen F. Austin State University, Arkansas Tech University, and the University of Arkansas at Monticello for field assistance. We thank W. M. Ford, N. Koerth, L. Hedrick, D. Saenz, C. Greenberg, M. Craig, and W. Montague for helpful reviews. We also thank W. Montague and personnel of the Poteau-Cold Springs Ranger District of the ONF for their assistance locating sites and ensuring burns were completed on schedule. Funding was provided by the Southern Research Station and the ONF through the efforts of J. Guldin. None of this research would have been possible without the vision and long-term support of L. Hedrick of the ONF. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 17 IS 6 BP 917 EP 927 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00521.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 524GL UT WOS:000272131700018 ER PT J AU Beldini, TP McNabb, KL Lockaby, BG Sanchez, FG Navegantes-Cancio, O de Oliveira, RC AF Beldini, Troy Patrick McNabb, Kenneth L. Lockaby, B. Graeme Sanchez, Felipe G. Navegantes-Cancio, Osvaldo de Oliveira, Raimundo Cosme TI THE EFFECT OF PLANTATION SILVICULTURE ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS IN AMAZONIA SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIA DO SOLO LA English DT Article DE Jari; soil structure; subsoiling; sustainability ID CARBON STOCKS; BRAZIL; EUCALYPTUS; DENSITY; STABILIZATION; AFFORESTATION; CULTIVATION; MECHANISMS; TURNOVER; DYNAMICS AB Eucalyptus grandis and other clonal plantations cover about 3.5 million ha in Brazil. The impacts of intensively-managed short-rotation forestry on soil aggregate structure and Carbon (C) dynamics are largely undocumented in tropical ecosystems. Long-term sustainability of these systems is probably in part linked to maintenance of soil organic matter and good soil structure and aggregation, especially in areas with low-fertility soils. This study investigated soil aggregate dynamics on a clay soil and a sandy soil, each with a Eucalyptus plantation and an adjacent primary forest. Silvicultural management did not reduce total C stocks, and did not change soil bulk density. Aggregates of the managed soils did not decrease in mass as hypothesized, which indicates that soil cultivation in 6 year cycles did not cause large decreases in soil aggregation in either soil texture. Silt, clay, and C of the sandy plantation soil shifted to greater aggregate protection, which may represent a decrease in C availability. The organic matter in the clay plantation soil increased in the fractions considered less protected while this shift from C to structural forms considered more protected was not observed. C1 [Beldini, Troy Patrick] LBA, Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Expt, BR-68040010 Santarem, PA, Brazil. [McNabb, Kenneth L.; Lockaby, B. Graeme] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sanchez, Felipe G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Navegantes-Cancio, Osvaldo] Projeto Florestal Vale, BR-68633000 Dom Eliseu, PA, Brazil. [de Oliveira, Raimundo Cosme] Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, BR-68040010 Santarem, PA, Brazil. RP Beldini, TP (reprint author), LBA, Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Expt, Rua 24 Outubro 3707, BR-68040010 Santarem, PA, Brazil. EM tpbeldini@yahoo.com; mcnabkl@auburn.edu; lockabg@auburn.edu; fsanchez@fs.fed.us; ocancio@yahoo.com.br; cosme@lbasantarem.com.br FU NASA FX The authors would like to thank Jari Celulose, S.A., for granting access to the research sites and for cooperation in all phases of this research, and Robin Governo for helping with the laboratory analyses. This study was kindly supported by a grant of the NASA Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere experiment in Amazonia. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOC BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIA DO SOLO PI VICOSA PA C P 231, BR-36571-000 VICOSA, MG, BRAZIL SN 0100-0683 J9 REV BRAS CIENC SOLO JI Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1593 EP 1602 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 545MQ UT WOS:000273736900008 ER PT J AU Chase, CC Vargas, CA Hammond, AC Olson, TA Griffin, JL Murphy, CN Tewolde, A Fields, MJ AF Chase, Chad C., Jr. Vargas, Carlos A. Hammond, Andrew C. Olson, Timothy A. Griffin, James L. Murphy, Clifton N. Tewolde, Assefaw Fields, Michael J. TI EMBRYO TRANSFER IN ANGUS AND BRAHMAN RECIPIENT COWS: EFFECT OF TWO METHODS OF ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION ON INDUCED ESTRUS AND PREGNANCY SO REVISTA CIENTIFICA-FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS LA English DT Article DE Embryo transfer; induced estrus; pregnancy; progestogen; prostaglandin ID SUCKLED BEEF-COWS; SYNCRO-MATE-B; ESTRADIOL VALERATE; NORGESTOMET IMPLANT; BOS-INDICUS; CATTLE; OVULATION; INJECTION; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; INSEMINATION AB Over a 3-year period, 88 Angus and 87 Brahman cows were used as recipients to determine the effects of breedtype and method of estrous synchronization on induced estrus and subsequent pregnancy following embryo transfer. Estrus was synchronized in recipients using either prostaglandin-F(2a) (PGF; Lutalyse) or progestogen (PRO; Syncro-Mate-B). Recipients were treated (im) with PGF on day -11 (25 mg), 0 (12.5 mg), and 1 (12.5 mg). Recipients were treated with PRO on day -9 (6 mg norgestomet ear implant and 2 mL [im] of 3 mg of norgestomet and 5 mg of estradiol valerate) and the ear implant was removed on day 0. Embryos were randomly transferred to recipients synchronous +24 to -24 h with a 7-d embryo. Both synchronization methods (PGF vs. PRO) were similarly effective in inducing estrus (89.8 vs. 86.7%). Percentage of induced estrus was similar between Brahman (91.0%) and Angus (85.6%). Recipients treated with PGF had a longer (P = 0.001) interval to estrus than PRO treated recipients (77.4 vs. 60.1 h). Estrus response in Angus was earlier (P = 0.043) than in Brahman (65.4 vs. 72.2 h). Neither breed (P = 0.97; Angus 49% 35/72 and Brahman 54% 38/70) nor estrus synchronization treatment (P = 0.23-1 PRO 49% 35/72 and PGF 54% 38/70) affected pregnancy rate, Pregnancy rates in recipients closely synchronized (0 h) was 60.0%, within +12 and -12 h was 56.0%, and within +24 and -24 h was 51.5%. Four-year-old recipients had lower pregnancy rates (34.8%) than did 5-year-old (60.9%) or greater than. 6-year-old (70.0%) recipients. These results indicate that PGF, when administered as a split-second dose, is as effective in synchronizing estrus in Angus and Brahman as PRO. Asynchrony of embryo age with recipient stage of cycle up to +24 or -24 h did not significantly affect pregnancy rates. C1 [Chase, Chad C., Jr.; Hammond, Andrew C.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Olson, Timothy A.; Fields, Michael J.] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Griffin, James L.] Reprod Technol Int, Plant City, FL 33566 USA. [Murphy, Clifton N.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Tewolde, Assefaw] CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. RP Chase, CC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM Chad.Chase@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV ZULIA, FACULTAD CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS PI MARACAIBO PA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA, MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA SN 0798-2259 J9 REV CIENT-FAC CIEN V JI Rev. Cient.-Fac. Cienc. Vet. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 630 EP 638 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 525NT UT WOS:000272223600010 ER PT J AU Whitley, NC Miller, JE Burke, JM Cazac, D O'Brien, DJ Dykes, L Muir, JP AF Whitley, N. C. Miller, J. E. Burke, J. M. Cazac, D. O'Brien, D. J. Dykes, L. Muir, J. P. TI Effect of high tannin grain sorghum on gastrointestinal parasite fecal egg counts in goats SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Condensed tannin; FAMACHA; Gastrointestinal parasites; Goat; PCV ID SERICEA-LESPEDEZA HAY; CONDENSED TANNINS; FORAGE PLANTS; INFECTION; NEMATODES AB The objective of three experiments was to determine the influence of high condensed tannin (CT) grain sorghum on gastrointestinal parasite fecal egg counts (FEC). Sixteen naturally infected Boer crossbred mixed-sex goats were used. Animals that were supplemented with grain daily were removed from pasture and placed in individual pens and fed treatment diets for 21 or 14 days (Experiment 3). Goats were allowed ad libitum access to water and diets containing high or low CT cracked grain sorghum. On day 0 and every 7 days thereafter, PCV, FEC and FAMACHA (R) eyelid color scores (EYE; Experiment I only) were recorded. For Experiment 1, percentage of animals dewormed, PCV and EYE were not influenced by treatment and averaged 13.6 +/- 4.5% per treatment period, 23.4 +/- 0.8% and 3.2 +/- 0.12, respectively, for all animals. The FEC increased after day 0 for control but not high tannin grain sorghum fed goats (treatment by day interaction, P < 0.02). As expected, EYE and PCV were negatively related (r = -0.45: P<0.0005). For Experiment 2. there was no influence of diet on PCV or FEC, but there was an effect of clay on FEC (P < 0.002) in which all goats had higher FEC on day 0 (1956 +/- 219 eggs/g) than any other sampling day. For Experiment 3, there was no effect of feeding high CT grain sorghum on FEC (2992 +/- 591 eggs/g) or PCV (25.1 +/- 0.5%). In these Studies, high CT grain sorghum did not consistently influence FEC and did not impact PCV or number of animals requiring chemical anthelmintic treatment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Whitley, N. C.; Cazac, D.; O'Brien, D. J.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Burke, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farm Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Dykes, L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Muir, J. P.] Texas AgriLife Res Ctr, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Whitley, NC (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Cooperat Extens Serv, POB 21928, Greensboro, NC 27420 USA. EM ncwhitle@ncat.eclu OI Muir, James/0000-0003-1775-8072 FU USDA-CSREES Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (NE SARE), Sorghum Partners, Inc., New Deal, TX, USA FX Funding for this project was provided in part by USDA-CSREES Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (NE SARE) funds. Through Sorghum Partners, Inc., New Deal, TX, USA, Mr. David Thomas provided high tannin grain sorghum for the experiments for which the authors are greatly appreciative. The authors thank National Sorghum Producers, Lubbock, TX, USA, specifically Dr. Jeff Dahlberg, Research Director, for assistance in obtaining grain sorghum for testing. In addition, the authors thank Harry Taylor, Jr. and staff of the University of Maryland Eastern Shore Farm for assistance during the experiments. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 87 IS 1-3 BP 105 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.09.036 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 535SE UT WOS:000272990200018 ER PT J AU Caldwell, TG Johnson, DW Miller, WW Qualls, RG Blank, RR AF Caldwell, Todd G. Johnson, Dale W. Miller, Watkins W. Qualls, Robert G. Blank, Robert R. TI Prescription Fire and Anion Retention in Tahoe Forest Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Anion adsorption; base cations; prescription fire; Lake Tahoe; phosphorus; Sierra Nevada ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOSPHATE SORPTION; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; PRESCRIBED FIRE; LAKE TAHOE; PHOSPHORUS; WILDFIRE; NEVADA; CALIFORNIA AB Prescribed burning is a management option to reduce fire hazard in the Lake Tahoe Basin. However, subsequent nutrient loading to the lake is of major concern. The effect of prescribed burning and residual ash on soil chemical properties and anion concentrations was studied in both the field (Tahoe National Forest) and laboratory. Saw-tooth and Marlene field sites were chosen on the basis of the dominant parent materials found in the Tahoe Basin: andesite and decomposed granite, respectively. Field studies consisted of preburn, postburn, and post-snowmelt soil analyses. Laboratory experiments consisted of variable ash to soil mixtures followed by membrane extraction. Measured burn intensities varied within and between study sites with a mean soil temperature of 190 degrees C +/- 168 degrees C at Sawtooth (andesite) and 402 degrees C +/- 198 degrees C at Marlene (decomposed granite). Respective burn intensities were not correlated to any ion concentration at either site. Soil samples collected postburn and post-snowmelt indicated that burning tended to increase soil pH, extractable calcium (Ca(2+)), and water-soluble sulfate (SO(4)(2-)), although not always statistically significant. No consistent trend was observed for orthophosphate. Laboratory additions of ash to both unburned soils resulted in a substantial increase in both pH and SO(4)(2-); conversely, extractable orthophosphate decreased. The increase in SO(4)(2-) far exceeded the content of the ash and thus is hypothesized to be caused by pH-induced desorption from the unburned soil. Results were similar for both parent materials, indicating that nutrient retention may be controlled by soil pH resulting from ash incorporation. C1 [Caldwell, Todd G.] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Johnson, Dale W.; Miller, Watkins W.; Qualls, Robert G.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Blank, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV USA. RP Caldwell, TG (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM todd.caldwell@dri.edu RI Caldwell, Todd/H-5129-2011 OI Caldwell, Todd/0000-0003-4068-0648 FU Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Nevada, Reno, NV; Watershed Environmental Sustainability Center, Desert Research Institute FX This research was supported by the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Nevada, Reno, NV and the Watershed Environmental Sustainability Center, Desert Research Institute. The authors thank Kathy Murphy (U.S. Forest Service) and Norb Szczurek (North Lake Tahoe Fire Protection District). The authors also thank Rick Susfalk Sarah Michehl, and Mary Miller for their assistance. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 174 IS 11 BP 594 EP 600 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181bf2f71 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 522KV UT WOS:000271997600002 ER PT J AU MacKown, CT Jones, TA Johnson, DA Monaco, TA Redinbaugh, MG AF MacKown, Charles T. Jones, Thomas A. Johnson, Douglas A. Monaco, Thomas A. Redinbaugh, Margaret G. TI Nitrogen Uptake by Perennial and Invasive Annual Grass Seedlings: Nitrogen Form Effects SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY INVASIBILITY; PLANT INVASIONS; SOIL-NITROGEN; GREAT-BASIN; GROWTH; SQUIRRELTAIL; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; SAGEBRUSH; REGISTRATION AB Invasive annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) and medusahead wildrye [Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski ssp. asperum (Simonk.) Melderis] have decreased livestock productivity and biological diversity and increased the frequency of wildfire on rangelands in the western United States. On disturbed sites, squirreltail (Elymus sp.), a short-lived North American perennial, appears to compete against invasive exotic annuals when available sod N and nitrification are reduced. We tested the hypothesis that differences in N uptake activity could account for this phenomenon. North American seedlings of perennial bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love], four populations of squirreltail, and two invasive exotic annuals were cultured in the laboratory on NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), or NH(4)NO(3) nutrient solutions, and N uptake activity (mol kg(-1) root dry wt. h(-1)) was measured. The overall biomass means of 4-wk-old seedlings cultured with NO(3)(-), NH(4)NO(3), and NH(4)(+) were 72, 67, and 42 mg seedling(-1), respectively. Regardless of N form, cheatgrass; biomass was as much as 4.2-fold greater than any of the other grasses including medusahead, which exceeded the biomass of all perennials except one. Cheatgrass had 1.5- to 2.2-fold greater NO(3)(-) uptake activity than the perennials, but the NO(3)(-) uptake activity of medusahead exceeded only two of the squirreltail populations. Ammonium uptake activities of perennials were not consistently more favorable than those of the annuals. The vigorous seedling growth of the invasive annuals coupled with the greater NO(3)(-) uptake activity of cheatgrass appear to be primary traits of the invasive annuals, driving their superior N capture and competition compared with these North American perennial grasses. C1 [MacKown, Charles T.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Jones, Thomas A.; Johnson, Douglas A.; Monaco, Thomas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP MacKown, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Charles.MacKown@mac.com RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 FU USDA-ARS; USDA-CSREES [97-38300-4892] FX This research was funded by USDA-ARS and USDA-CSREES Grant no. 97-38300-4892. Jeff Weik provided laboratory technical assistance. This research is dedicated to honor the recent passing and memory of Prof Thomas Curtis (T.C.) Tucker, an emeritus faculty member at the University of Arizona, who was an early practitioner in the use of 15N isotopes in plant nutrition and soil science research, and who was a mentor and friend to C.T. MacKown and many others in the agricultural science community. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1864 EP 1870 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0334 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 519GJ UT WOS:000271752700013 ER PT J AU Blanco-Canqui, H Stone, LR Schlegel, AJ Lyon, DJ Vigil, MF Mikha, MM Stahlman, PW Rice, CW AF Blanco-Canqui, Humberto Stone, L. R. Schlegel, A. J. Lyon, D. J. Vigil, M. F. Mikha, M. M. Stahlman, P. W. Rice, C. W. TI No-till Induced Increase in Organic Carbon Reduces Maximum Bulk Density of Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ONE-TIME TILLAGE; PROCTOR TEST; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WATER-RETENTION; FOREST SOILS; COMPACTIBILITY; COMPACTABILITY; TEXTURE; MATTER AB Compaction can be a problem in some no-till (NT) sods, but accumulation of sod organic C (SOC) with time may reduce the soil's susceptibility to compaction. Relationships between SOC and soil maximum bulk density (BD(max)), equivalent to maximum soil compactibility, have not been well documented, particularly in NT systems. We assessed near-surface BD(max) using the Proctor test under long-term (> 19 yr) moldboard plow (MP), conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and NT conditions in the central Great Plains and determined its relationships with SOC, particle size distribution, and Atterberg consistency limits. The experiments were located on silt loam soils at Hays and Tribune, KS, and loam sods at Akron, CO, and Sidney, NE. The near-surface BD(max) of the MP soil was higher than that of the NT soil by 13% at Sidney, while the near-surface BD(max) of the CT was higher than that of the NT soil by about 6% at Akron, Hays, and Tribune. Critical water content (CWC) for BD(max) in the NT soil was higher than in the CT and MP soils except at Tribune. The BD(max) decreased with increase in CWC (r = -0.91). The soil liquid limit was higher for NT than for MP by 82% at Sidney, and it was higher than for CT by 14,9, and 31% at Akron, Hays, and Tribune, respectively. The SOC concentration in NT soil was higher than in MP by 60% at Akron and 76% at Sidney, and it was higher than in CT soil by 82% at Hays. The BD(max) decreased (r = -0.64) and the CWC increased (r = 0.60) with an increase in SOC concentration. Across all soils, SOC concentration was a sensitive predictor of BD(max) and CWC. This regional study showed that NT management-induced increase in SOC improves the soil's ability to resist compaction. C1 [Blanco-Canqui, Humberto; Stahlman, P. W.] Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hayes, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Stone, L. R.; Rice, C. W.] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Schlegel, A. J.] Kansas State Univ, SW Res Extens Ctr, Tribune, KS 67879 USA. [Lyon, D. J.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Vigil, M. F.; Mikha, M. M.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Blanco-Canqui, H (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hayes, 1232 240th Ave, Hays, KS 67601 USA. EM hblanco@ksu.edu NR 34 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1871 EP 1879 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0353 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 519GJ UT WOS:000271752700014 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Barbarick, KA Stromberger, ME Paschke, MW Brobst, RB AF Ippolito, J. A. Barbarick, K. A. Stromberger, M. E. Paschke, M. W. Brobst, R. B. TI Water Treatment Residuals and Biosolids Long-Term Co-Applications Effects to Semi-Arid Grassland Soils and Vegetation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; 2 RANGE GRASSES; PHOSPHORUS IMMOBILIZATION; AMENDED SOILS; GROWTH; SLUDGE; PLANT; SPECTROSCOPY; SORBENT AB Water treatment residuals (WTRs) and biosolids are byproducts from municipal water treatment processes. Both byproducts have been studied separately for land application benefits. There are possible environmental benefits of WTRs and biosolids co-application but these studies are limited. Our objectives were to determine relative long-term (13-15 yr) effects of a single and short-term (2-4 yr) effects of repeated WTR-biosolids co-applications on soil chemistry microbiology, and plant community structure in a Colorado semiarid grassland. Only relative changes associated between co-applications were studied, as we assumed WTR application would only occur if used as a management practice. Three WTR rates (5, 10, and 21 Mg ha(-1)) were surface co-applied (no incorporation) with a single biosolids rate (10 Mg ha-1) once in 1991 (long-term plots) and again in 2002 (short-term plots). Soil 0- to 8-, 8- to 15-, and 15- to 30-cm depth pH, electrical conductivity (EC), NO(3)-N, NH(4)-N, total C, and total N were not affected by WTR application in 2004, 2005, or 2006. Ammonium-bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA)- extractable soil Al was unaffected by WTR application, but extractable P and Mo decreased with increasing WTR rate because of WTR adsorption. Plant tissue P and Mo content decreased with specific plant species and years due to adsorption to WTR; no deficiency symptoms were observed. Plant community composition and cover were largely unaffected by WTR application. Soil microbial community structure was unaffected by WTR co-application rate (total ester-linked fatty acid methyl ester [EL-FAME] concentrations ranged from 33.4 to 54.8 nmol g(-1) soil), although time since biosolids-WTR application affected a subset of microbial Community fatty acids including markers for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, WTR-biosolids co-applications did not adversely affect semiarid grassland ecosystem dynamics. C1 [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA ARS, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Barbarick, K. A.; Stromberger, M. E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Paschke, M. W.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brobst, R. B.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; Stromberger, Mary/C-3070-2013; Paschke, Mark/E-3799-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; Stromberger, Mary/0000-0002-5862-2932; Paschke, Mark/0000-0002-6345-5905 FU USEPA [CP978001-01]; City of Fort Collins, CO FX The USDA-ARS and Colorado State University gratefully acknowledges USEPA Region 8 (Grant #CP978001-01) for its financial, technical, and administrative assistance in funding and managing the project through which this information was discovered. We also thank Ms. Brittany Willett for the EL-FAME extractions. We additionally thank the City of Fort Collins, CO, for their continued support of this project. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1880 EP 1889 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0352 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 519GJ UT WOS:000271752700015 ER PT J AU Williams, CF Coffelt, TA Watson, JE AF Williams, C. F. Coffelt, T. A. Watson, J. E. TI Increased Soil Sorption of Pendimethalin due to Deposition of Guayule-Derived Detritus SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-RUBBER LATEX; PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM; IGE ANTIBODIES; RESIN; COATINGS; EFFICACY; WOOD; GERMPLASM; YIELDS AB Laboratory sorption experiments were conducted to determine the extent to which soil organic matter derived from guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) residues can affect the sorption of pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine]. Soils where guayule had been grown for 0 to 38 mo were collected for sorption experiments from beneath actively growing plants. An additional treatment was collected before planting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in a field 1 yr after the final harvest of guayule that had been grown for 36 mo was also included. Continuous guayule cultivation resulted in a modest increase in soil organic C from 0.29% (+/- 0.01%) to 0.76% (+/- 0.03%) after 38 mo of production. Pendimethalin sorption to the sod increased with increasing guayule organic deposition as measured by time under cultivation. Soils where guayule was grown for 38 mo had an organic C distribution coefficient, K(OC), 23 times greater than the control soil where guayule had not been grown (389,400 vs. 16,900 L kg(-1)). In the treatment before planting cotton, however, the combination of time and cultivation resulted in a reduction of KOC from 389,400 to 21,500 L kg(-1). The use of pendimethalin in a guayule-cotton rotation requires sufficient time and primary tillage before planting cotton. In addition, the use of pendimethalin during regrowth of guayule from the stump following harvest may require higher application rates to control weeds. Adsorption of pendimethalin to soil using batch equilibrium indicated that soil beneath actively growing guayule has a higher sorption capacity for pendimethalin than soil without guayule. C1 [Williams, C. F.; Coffelt, T. A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Watson, J. E.] Penn State Univ, Crop & Soil Sci Dep, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Williams, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. EM clinton.williams@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 1952 EP 1957 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0339 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 519GJ UT WOS:000271752700024 ER PT J AU Woodbury, BL Lesch, SM Eigenberg, RA Miller, DN Spiehs, MJ AF Woodbury, Bryan L. Lesch, Scott M. Eigenberg, Roger A. Miller, Daniel N. Spiehs, Mindy J. TI Electromagnetic Induction Sensor Data to Identify Areas of Manure Accumulation on a Feedlot Surface SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INVERSE-DISPERSION TECHNIQUE; MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; BEEF-CATTLE FEEDLOTS; SPATIAL PREDICTION; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; SOIL-MOISTURE; ODOR; VALIDATION; PATHOGENS; NITROGEN AB A study was initiated to test the validity of using electromagnetic induction (EMI) survey data, a prediction-based sampling strategy, and ordinary linear regression modeling to predict spatially variable feedlot surface manure accumulation. A 30- by 60-m feedlot pen with a central mound was selected for this study. A Dualem-IS EMI meter (Dualem Inc., Milton, ON, Canada) pulled on 2-m spacing was used to collect feedlot surface apparent electrical conductivity (EC(a)) data. Meter data were combined with global positioning system coordinates at a rate of five readings per second. Two 20-site sampling approaches were used to determine the validity of using EMI data for prediction-based sampling. Soil samples were analyzed for volatile solids (VS), total N (TN), total P (TP), and Cl(-). A stratified random sampling (SRS) approach (n = 20) was used as an independent set to test models estimated from the prediction-based (n = 20) response surface sample design (RSSD). The RSSD sampling plan demonstrated better design optimality criteria than the SRS approach. Excellent correlations between the EMI data and the ln(Cl(-)), TN, TP, and VS sod properties suggest that it can be used to map spatially variable manure accumulations. Each model was capable of explaining >90% of the constituent sample variations. Fitted models were used to estimate average manure accumulation and predict spatial variations. The corresponding prediction maps show a pronounced pen design effect on manure accumulation. This technique enables researchers to develop precision practices to mitigate environmental contamination from beef feedlots. C1 [Woodbury, Bryan L.; Eigenberg, Roger A.; Spiehs, Mindy J.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Lesch, Scott M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Miller, Daniel N.] ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Management Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Woodbury, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM bryan.woodbury@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2068 EP 2077 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0274 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 519GJ UT WOS:000271752700038 ER PT J AU Norman, RJ Wilson, CE Slaton, NA Griggs, BR Bushong, JT Gbur, EE AF Norman, R. J. Wilson, C. E., Jr. Slaton, N. A. Griggs, B. R. Bushong, J. T. Gbur, E. E. TI Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources and Timing before Flooding Dry-Seeded, Delayed-Flood Rice SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION LOSSES; THIOPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE; ALGAL INHIBITORS; GRAIN-YIELD; UREA; SOILS; NITRIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; N-15; PHOSPHOROAMIDE AB Urea is the primary N source used for the large preflood N application in delayed-flood rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the southern United States. Urea is prone to substantial NH(3) volatilization losses, however, if fields are not flooded quickly. Most delayed-flood rice fields require 5 to 10 d to flood. Consequently, a study was conducted to evaluate the use of less NH(3)-volatde N sources for the preflood N application. The objectives were to evaluate the NH(3) volatilization loss and impact on N uptake and rice yield when urea, urea plus the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), (NH(4))(2)SO(4), or a urea-(NH(4))(2)SO(4) (UAS) blend were applied preflood and a flood established 1, 5, or 10 d after N application. When flooding was delayed for 5 or 10 d after N application, NH(3) volatilization was the least for urea + NBPT (2-10%) and (NH(4))(2)SO(4) (4-5%) and they produced the highest rice N uptake and yield. The UAS blend that had NH(3) volatilization losses (11-15%) at 5 and 10 d after application that were intermediate between urea (17-24%) and (NH(4))(2)SO(4) or urea + NBPT also had N uptake and grain yield intermediate between these N sources. Urea should only be used if similar to 2 d are required to flood a field. If 3 to 5 d are required to flood a field, then UAS has some merits but it is not as consistent as (NH(4))(2)SO(4) or urea + NBPT. When >5 d are required to flood, (NH(4))(2)SO(4) or urea + NBPT should be used. C1 [Norman, R. J.; Griggs, B. R.] Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Wilson, C. E., Jr.] Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Slaton, N. A.] Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Bushong, J. T.] USDA NRCS, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. [Gbur, E. E.] Univ Arkansas, Agr Stat Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Norman, RJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, 115 Plant Sci Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM rnorman@uark.edu FU Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board; Honeywell; Agrotain International FX We would like to thank the Soils crew at the Rice Research and Extension Center, the research staff at the Pine Tree Branch Experiment Station, and Jeremy Ross for their assistance in this project. This project was supported in part by the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board, Honeywell, and Agrotain International. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2184 EP 2190 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0309 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 519GJ UT WOS:000271752700050 ER PT J AU Sharratt, B Feng, GL AF Sharratt, Brenton Feng, Guanglong TI Friction velocity and aerodynamic roughness of conventional and undercutter tillage within the Columbia Plateau, USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wind erosion; Air quality; Dust emissions; Conservation tillage ID WIND EROSION; WINDBLOWN DUST AB Friction velocity (u(*)) and aerodynamic roughness (z(o)) at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface affect wind erosion, but no attempts have been made to quantify these parameters as affected by tillage systems within the Columbia Plateau region of the Pacific Northwest United States. Wind velocity profiles above adjacent field plots (>2 ha), with plots subject to conventional or undercutter tillage during the summer fallow phase of a winter wheat-summer fallow rotation, were measured over 50 high wind events (wind velocities in excess of 6.4 m s(-1) at a height of 3 m) during 2005 and 2006 near Lind, Washington to determine u(*) and z(o) of tillage treatments. Wheat stubble plots were subject to either conventional (disks) or undercutter (wide V-shaped blades) tillage in spring and then periodically rodweeded prior to sowing winter wheat in late summer. Prior to sowing, u(*) for conventional and undercutter tillage respectively averaged 0.36 and 0.46 m s(-1) in 2005 and 0.38 and 0.40 in s(-1) in 2006 while z(o) for conventional and undercutter tillage respectively averaged 2 and 7 mm in 2005 and 2 and 4 mm in 2006. The aerodynamically rougher surface of undercutter tillage was predicted to suppress vertical dust flux; this was collaborated with observations in the field where undercutter tillage reduced dust flux as compared with conventional disk tillage. Undercutter tillage, therefore, appears to be an effective management practice to roughen the surface and thereby suppress dust emissions from agricultural land subject to summer fallow within the Columbia Plateau. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sharratt, Brenton] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Feng, Guanglong] Washington State Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Sharratt@wsu.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 105 IS 2 BP 236 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.still.2009.08.004 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 523HE UT WOS:000272062400008 ER PT J AU Leduc, D Goelz, J AF Leduc, Daniel Goelz, Jeffery TI A Height-Diameter Curve for Longleaf Pine Plantations in the Gulf Coastal Plain SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus palustris; nonlinear models; model evaluation ID DOUGLAS-FIR; EQUATIONS; GROWTH; MODEL; PARAMETERS; ONTARIO; STANDS AB Tree height is a critical component of a complete growth-and-yield model because it is one of the primary components used in volume calculation. To develop an equation to predict total height from dbh for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations in the West Gulf region, many different sigmoidal curve forms, weighting functions, and ways of expressing height and diameter were explored. Most of the functional forms tried produced very similar results, but ultimately the form developed by Levakovic was chosen as best. Another useful result was that scaling diameters by the quadratic mean diameter on a plot and height by the average height of dominant and codominant trees in the target stand resulted in dramatically better fits than using these variables in their raw forms. C1 [Leduc, Daniel; Goelz, Jeffery] US Forest Serv, Alexandria Forestty Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Leduc, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Alexandria Forestty Ctr, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM dleduc@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 33 IS 4 BP 164 EP 170 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 522QF UT WOS:000272012700002 ER PT J AU Johnsen, KH Butnor, JR Kush, JS Schmidtling, RC Nelson, CD AF Johnsen, Kurt H. Butnor, John R. Kush, John S. Schmidtling, Ron C. Nelson, C. Dana TI Hurricane Katrina Winds Damaged Longleaf Pine Less than Loblolly Pine SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE wind damage; hurricane; loblolly pine; longleaf pine; slash pine ID FORESTS AB Some evidence suggests that longleaf pine might be more tolerant of high winds than either slash pine (Pinus elliotii Englem.) or loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). We studied wind damage to these three pine species in a common garden experiment in southeast Mississippi following Hurricane Katrina, a very large, Category 3 hurricane that directly affected the stand in August 2005. The experiment, a factorial arrangement of silvicultural treatments established in 1960, included 120 plots of 100 trees each, covering about 22 ha. Following the hurricane, dbh was measured on all trees, and each tree was rated with respect to mortality from wind damage. Longleaf pine suffered less mortality (7%) than the other two species (slash pine, 14%; loblolly pine, 26%), although the differences in mortality were statistically significant only between longleaf pine and loblolly pine. Longleaf pine lost significantly fewer stems per hectare and less basal area than the two other species. Differences in mortality among species were not a function of mean plot tree height or plot density. Our analyses indicate that longleaf pine is more resistant to wind damage than loblolly pine. C1 [Johnsen, Kurt H.; Butnor, John R.] US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Ecosyst Biol, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kush, John S.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Schmidtling, Ron C.; Nelson, C. Dana] US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Johnsen, KH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Inst Forest Ecosyst Biol, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM kjohnsen@fs.fed.us RI Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 33 IS 4 BP 178 EP 181 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 522QF UT WOS:000272012700004 ER PT J AU Spetich, MA Dey, D Johnson, P AF Spetich, Martin A. Dey, Daniel Johnson, Paul TI Shelterwood-Planted Northern Red Oaks: Integrated Costs and Options SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE underplanting; oak; planting; trees; artificial regeneration ID FOREST; REGENERATION AB Tree biology, environmental site conditions, relative monetary costs, management options, and the competitive struggle between planted trees and other vegetation were integrated when underplanting northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings in Boston Mountain shelterwoods. This approach provides insight into the collective costs (biological, environmental, and monetary) associated with artificial regeneration. This analysis is partly based on previous research that determined the competitive capacity of more than 4,000 seedlings planted under shelterwood overstories. Using these probabilities in our simple accounting of cost, the cost of obtaining one competitively successful tree was calculated under various combinations of environmental variables, silvicultural treatments and seedling sizes. A successful tree was defined as one predicted to survive and attain dominance or codominance 11 years after planting. The cost of trees that were not likely to survive or reach a dominant or codominant position was added to the cost of obtaining a successful tree. In this way, the cost of the competitive struggle between planted trees and other vegetation is integrated into the monetary cost per successful tree. Results provide a practical tool for evaluating various planting options in relation to both associated costs and the expected biological success of alternative planting prescriptions. C1 [Spetich, Martin A.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Arkansas Forestry Sci Lab, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. [Dey, Daniel; Johnson, Paul] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Spetich, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Arkansas Forestry Sci Lab, POB 1270, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. EM mspetich@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 33 IS 4 BP 182 EP 187 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 522QF UT WOS:000272012700005 ER PT J AU Sun, XQ He, ZQ Zhang, J Kabrick, J AF Sun, Xiaoqian He, Zhuoqiong Zhang, Jing Kabrick, John TI Bayesian spatial models with repeated measurements: with application to the herbaceous data analysis SO STATISTICAL METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Repeated measurements; Gaussian random field; Shrinkage slice sampler; MCMC algorithm AB This paper proposes a new statistical spatial model to analyze and predict the coverage percentage of the upland ground flora in the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP). The flora coverage percentages are collected from clustered locations, which requires a new spatial model other than the traditional kriging method. The proposed model handles this special data structure by treating the flora coverage percentages collected from the clustered locations as repeated measurements in a Bayesian hierarchical setting. The correlation among the observations from the clustered locations are considered as well. The total vegetation coverage data in MOFEP is analyzed in this study. An Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm based on the shrinkage slice sampler is developed for simulation from the posterior densities. The total vegetation coverage is modeled by three components, including the covariates, random spatial effect and correlated random errors. Prediction of the total vegetation coverage at unmeasured locations is developed. C1 [Sun, Xiaoqian] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [He, Zhuoqiong; Zhang, Jing] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kabrick, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sun, XQ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM xsun@clemson.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2510 J9 STAT METHOD APPL JI Stat. Method. Appl. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 585 EP 601 DI 10.1007/s10260-009-0114-3 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 509BJ UT WOS:000270985700008 ER PT J AU Just, BJ Santos, CAF Yandell, BS Simon, PW AF Just, Brian J. Santos, Carlos A. F. Yandell, Brian S. Simon, Philipp W. TI Major QTL for carrot color are positionally associated with carotenoid biosynthetic genes and interact epistatically in a domesticated x wild carrot cross SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BETA-CAROTENE; DAUCUS-CAROTA; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; CANDIDATE GENE; FRUIT COLOR; TOMATO; ACCUMULATION; L.; CLONING AB We performed QTL analyses for pigment content on a carotenoid biosynthesis function map based on progeny of a wild white carrot (QAL) which accumulates no pigments x domesticated orange carrot (B493), one of the richest sources of carotenoid pigments-mainly provitamin A alpha- and beta- carotenes. Two major interacting loci, Y and Y (2) on linkage groups 2 and 5, respectively, control much variation for carotenoid accumulation in carrot roots. They are associated with carotenoid biosynthetic genes zeaxanthin epoxidase and carotene hydroxylase and carotenoid dioxygenase gene family members as positional candidate genes. Dominant Y allele inhibits carotenoid accumulation. When Y is homozygous recessive, carotenoids that accumulate are either only xanthophylls in Y (2) __ plants, or both carotenes and xanthophylls, in y (2) y (2) plants. These two genes played a major role in carrot domestication and account for the significant role that modern carrot plays in vitamin A nutrition. C1 [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Just, Brian J.] Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Felda, FL 33930 USA. [Santos, Carlos A. F.] Embrapa Semi Arido, BR-56300970 Petrolina, PE, Brazil. [Yandell, Brian S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Just, Brian J.; Santos, Carlos A. F.; Yandell, Brian S.; Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Plant Breeding & Plant Genet Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Philipp.Simon@usda.ars.gov RI santos, carlos antonio/B-8973-2014 OI santos, carlos antonio/0000-0002-6932-6805 FU Initiative for Future Agriculture Food Systems [2000-4258]; USDA Cooperative Research, Education, and Extension Service; Gabelman-Shippo Distinguished Graduate; Plant Breeding and Plant Genetics Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison FX This research was supported by Initiative for Future Agriculture Food Systems Grant number 2000-4258 from the USDA Cooperative Research, Education, and Extension Service. The senior author acknowledges the generous support of the Gabelman-Shippo Distinguished Graduate Fellowship in the Plant Breeding and Plant Genetics Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We are grateful for the proficient technical assistance of Douglas Senalik. NR 53 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 119 IS 7 BP 1155 EP 1169 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1117-z PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 509PE UT WOS:000271029300001 PM 19657616 ER PT J AU Sagredo, B Balbyshev, N Lafta, A Casper, H Lorenzen, J AF Sagredo, Boris Balbyshev, N. Lafta, A. Casper, H. Lorenzen, J. TI A QTL that confers resistance to Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]) in tetraploid potato populations segregating for leptine SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SOLANUM-CHACOENSE BITTER; MOLECULAR MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; GLYCOALKALOIDS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; CONSTRUCTION; METABOLISM; COLEOPTERA; PROGENIES; CROSSES AB Genetic resistance to Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]) from Solanum chacoense has been incorporated in the tetraploid potato selection, ND4382-19, which is highly resistant and contains moderate level of foliar leptines. We recently reported using ND4382-19 progeny, population ND5873 (ND4382-19 x Chipeta), to map two genes that segregated as complementary epistatic genes that allow accumulation of leptinidine (Lep) and acetyl-leptinidine (AL) on chromosomes 2 and 8, respectively. We describe here the characterization of a second half-sib population NDG116 (ND4382-19 x N142-72). In this population, solasodine from parent N142-72, which has Solanum berthaultii in its background, was predominant over solanidine-based alkaloids. Concentrations of solanidine, leptinidine, and acetyl-leptinidine were 15-, 5-, and 14-fold lower than in the ND5873 population. Nevertheless, Lep and AL mapped to the same locations on chromosomes 2 and 8 of parent ND4382-19, respectively. The two populations were evaluated for resistance to Leptinotarsa in field assays, and by detached leaf assay for population NDG116. In both families, QTL analysis identified a major QTL from ND4382-19 on the distal end of chromosome 2, close to the Lep locus. The contribution of this QTL to resistance ranged from 11 to 34% for ND5873 at four field sites. Contribution to resistance from the linkage group that contains the gene AL for the accumulation of leptine was not detected. In family NDG116, the same chromosome 2 QTL was detected for field and detached leaf assays, explaining 26 and 12% of the variance for defoliation and larval development, respectively. These data may indicate another resistance mechanism besides leptine in the Leptinotarsa resistance observed in these populations. C1 [Sagredo, Boris] Inst Invest Agropecuarias INIA, CRI Rayentue, Rengo, Chile. [Balbyshev, N.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Casper, H.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Microbiol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Lafta, A.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Lorenzen, J.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Kampala, Uganda. RP Sagredo, B (reprint author), Inst Invest Agropecuarias INIA, CRI Rayentue, Av Salamanca S-N,Sector Choapinos,Casilla 13, Rengo, Chile. EM bsagredo@inia.cl FU McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crop Research Program; USDA-CSREES [97-34141-4122] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the skill-ful assistance of M. Thoresen in growing and maintaining plants and Weld trials. Funding for this project was provided by the McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crop Research Program and from the USDA-CSREES funding support (97-34141-4122). NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 119 IS 7 BP 1171 EP 1181 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1118-y PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 509PE UT WOS:000271029300002 ER PT J AU Dal Cin, V Kevany, B Fei, ZJ Klee, HJ AF Dal Cin, Valeriano Kevany, Brian Fei, Zhangjun Klee, Harry J. TI Identification of Solanum habrochaites loci that quantitatively influence tomato fruit ripening-associated ethylene emissions SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SPECIES LYCOPERSICON PIMPINELLIFOLIUM; BACKCROSS QTL ANALYSIS; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; INTROGRESSION LINES; CULTIVATED TOMATO; NATURAL VARIATION; GENETIC BASES; HIGHER-PLANTS; HIRSUTUM AB The phytohormone ethylene is essential for ripening of climacteric fruits such as tomato. While many of the genes responsible for ethylene synthesis and perception have been identified, the regulatory network controlling autocatalytic climacteric ethylene synthesis is not well understood. In order to better understand the regulation of ripening-associated ethylene, we have exploited the genetic variation within Solanum Sect. Lycopersicon. In particular, we have used a near-isogenic population of S. habrochaites introgression lines to identify chromosome segments affecting ethylene emissions during ripening. S. habrochaites fruits produce much larger quantities of ethylene during ripening than do cultivated S. lycopersicum tomatoes. A total of 17 segments were identified; 3 had emissions more than twice the level of the tomato parent, 11 had less than a twofold increase and 3 had significantly reduced emissions at one or more ripening stages. While several of these segments co-segregate with known ethylene-related genes, many do not correspond to known genes. Thus, they may identify novel modes of regulation. These results illustrate the utility of wild relatives and their introgression lines to understand regulation of fruit ripening-related processes. C1 [Dal Cin, Valeriano; Kevany, Brian; Klee, Harry J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Klee, HJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, POB 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hjklee@ufl.edu RI Klee, Harry/A-7912-2008 FU United States Department of Agriculture-National Research Initiative [2005-35304-15988] FX This work was funded by grant number 2005-35304-15988 from the United States Department of Agriculture-National Research Initiative to H. K. We would like to thanks Adriana Sacco and Chima Okonkwo (Charles) for their help with fruit harvests. We are very grateful to Timothy Wills of the TGRC for supplying the seeds of the S. habrochaites NILs. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 119 IS 7 BP 1183 EP 1192 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1119-x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 509PE UT WOS:000271029300003 PM 19680624 ER PT J AU Rines, HW Phillips, RL Kynast, RG Okagaki, RJ Galatowitsch, MW Huettl, PA Stec, AO Jacobs, MS Suresh, J Porter, HL Walch, MD Cabral, CB AF Rines, Howard W. Phillips, Ronald L. Kynast, Ralf G. Okagaki, Ron J. Galatowitsch, Mark W. Huettl, Paul A. Stec, Adrian O. Jacobs, Morrison S. Suresh, Jayanti Porter, Hedera L. Walch, Matthew D. Cabral, Candida B. TI Addition of individual chromosomes of maize inbreds B73 and Mo17 to oat cultivars Starter and Sun II: maize chromosome retention, transmission, and plant phenotype SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS L.; GENOME; LINE; HYBRIDIZATION; ORGANIZATION; EXPRESSION; REGIONS; HYBRIDS; LOCUS; DNA AB Oat-maize addition (OMA) lines with one, or occasionally more, chromosomes of maize (Zea mays L., 2n = 2x = 20) added to an oat (Avena sativa L., 2n = 6x = 42) genomic background can be produced via embryo rescue from sexual crosses of oat x maize. Self-fertile disomic addition lines of different oat genotypes, mainly cultivar Starter, as recipient for maize chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and the short arm of 10 and a monosomic addition line for chromosome 8, have been reported previously in which the sweet corn hybrid Seneca 60 served as the maize chromosome donor. Here we report the production and characterization of a series of new OMA lines with inbreds B73 and Mo17 as maize chromosome donors and with oat cultivars Starter and Sun II as maize chromosome recipients. Fertile disomic OMA lines were recovered for B73 chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10 and Mo17 chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10. These lines together with non-fertile (oat x maize) F-1 plants with chromosome 3 and chromosome 7 of Mo17 individually added to Starter oat provide DNA of additions to oat of all ten individual maize chromosomes between the two maize inbreds. The Mo17 chromosome 10 OMA line was the first fertile disomic OMA line obtained carrying a complete chromosome 10. The B73 OMA line for chromosome 1 and the B73 and Mo17 OMA lines for chromosome 8 represent disomic OMA lines with improved fertility and transmission of the addition chromosome compared to earlier Seneca 60 versions. Comparisons among the four oat-maize parental genotype combinations revealed varying parental effects and interactions on frequencies of embryo recovery, embryo germination, F-1 plantlets with maize chromosomes, the specific maize chromosomes retained and transmitted to F-2 progeny, and phenotypes of self-fertile disomic addition plants. As opposed to the previous use of a hybrid Seneca 60 maize stock as donor of the added maize chromosomes, the recovered B73 and Mo17 OMA lines provide predictable genotypes for use as tools in physical mapping of maize DNA sequences, including inter-genic sequences, by simple presence/absence assays. The recovered OMA lines represent unique materials for maize genome analysis, genetic, physiological, and morphological studies, and a possible means to transfer maize traits to oat. Descriptions of these materials can be found at http://agronomy.cfans.umn.edu/Maize_Genomics.html. C1 [Rines, Howard W.] Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rines, Howard W.; Phillips, Ronald L.; Kynast, Ralf G.; Okagaki, Ron J.; Galatowitsch, Mark W.; Huettl, Paul A.; Stec, Adrian O.; Jacobs, Morrison S.; Suresh, Jayanti; Porter, Hedera L.; Walch, Matthew D.; Cabral, Candida B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Phillips, Ronald L.] Univ Minnesota, Microbial & Plant Genom Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Rines, HW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rines001@umn.edu FU National Science Foundation [0110134] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0110134. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 119 IS 7 BP 1255 EP 1264 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1130-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 509PE UT WOS:000271029300010 PM 19707741 ER PT J AU Maxwell, JJ Lyerly, JH Cowger, C Marshall, D Brown-Guedira, G Murphy, JP AF Maxwell, Judd J. Lyerly, Jeanette H. Cowger, Christina Marshall, David Brown-Guedira, Gina Murphy, J. Paul TI MlAG12: a Triticum timopheevii-derived powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat on chromosome 7AL SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; WINTER-WHEAT; AESTIVUM L.; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS; WILD EMMER; EM THELL.; LOCATION; MARKERS; YIELD; PM1 AB Wheat powdery mildew is an economically important disease in cool and humid environments. Powdery mildew causes yield losses as high as 48% through a reduction in tiller survival, kernels per head, and kernel size. Race-specific host resistance is the most consistent, environmentally friendly and, economical method of control. The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm line NC06BGTAG12 possesses genetic resistance to powdery mildew introgressed from the AAGG tetraploid genome Triticum timopheevii subsp. armeniacum. Phenotypic evaluation of F(3) families derived from the cross NC06BGTAG12/'Jagger' and phenotypic evaluation of an F(2) population from the cross NC06BGTAG12/'Saluda' indicated that resistance to the 'Yuma' isolate of powdery mildew was controlled by a single dominant gene in NC06BGTAG12. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) revealed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers specific for chromosome 7AL segregating with the resistance gene. The SSR markers Xwmc273 and Xwmc346 mapped 8.3 cM distal and 6.6 cM proximal, respectively, in NC06BGTAG12/Jagger. The multiallelic Pm1 locus maps to this region of chromosome 7AL. No susceptible phenotypes were observed in an evaluation of 967 F(2) individuals in the cross NC06BGTAG12/'Axminster' (Pm1a) which indicated that the NC06BGTAG12 resistance gene was allelic or in close linkage with the Pm1 locus. A detached leaf test with ten differential powdery mildew isolates indicated the resistance in NC06BGTAG12 was different from all designated alleles at the Pm1 locus. Further linkage and allelism tests with five other temporarily designated genes in this very complex region will be required before giving a permanent designation to this gene. At this time the gene is given the temporary gene designation MlAG12. C1 [Maxwell, Judd J.; Lyerly, Jeanette H.; Brown-Guedira, Gina; Murphy, J. Paul] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Cowger, Christina; Marshall, David] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jjmaxwel@ncsu.edu; jeanette_lyerly@ncsu.edu; Christina_Cowger@ncsu.edu; David.Marshall@ars.usda.gov; Gina.Brown-Guedira@ars.usda.gov; paul_murphy@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Small Grain Growers Association FX This research was supported, in part, by the North Carolina Small Grain Growers Association. We thank Dr. R. A. McIntosh for his excellent insights and suggestions during the final draft of this manuscript. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 119 IS 8 BP 1489 EP 1495 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1150-y PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 515WX UT WOS:000271504700012 PM 19760389 ER PT J AU Colvin, R Giannico, GR Li, J Boyer, KL Gerth, WJ AF Colvin, Randall Giannico, Guillermo R. Li, Judith Boyer, Kathryn L. Gerth, William J. TI Fish Use of Intermittent Watercourses Draining Agricultural Lands in the Upper Willamette River Valley, Oregon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COASTAL STREAMS; HABITAT USE; FLOODPLAIN; WINTER; BASIN; COLUMBIA; MINNOW AB Historically, the upper Willamette River valley in western Oregon was characterized by seasonal floods and large expansions of its stream network. During the past century, human activities have altered or eliminated many intermittent stream and floodplain habitats in the valley. As a result, the remaining intermittent streams and ditches, referred to as watercourses, may still provide habitat that is critical for native fish. Our objectives were to determine (1) fish presence, (2) the spatial gradients of fish distribution (including species identity, native versus nonnative status, and numbers), (3) fish use of the intermittent streams as spawning and nursery habitats, and (4) the main factors that influence the numbers of fish and fish species. In the winter and spring of 2002 - 2003, we examined the distributions of fish species in five subbasins within the Willamette River valley. The sampling sites were in intermittent watercourses that drained grass seed producing fields. We collected water samples and sampled fish from December to May with minnow traps and an electrofishing unit and collected data on the standard fish habitat variables at all sites in spring. Thirteen fish species were found and only three of them were exotic. The presence of recently hatched and juvenile fish shows that intermittent watercourses offer conditions suitable for spawning and juvenile rearing. The two watershed-scale variables with the most influence on fish species richness were the percentage of the watershed covered by forest and the distance to perennial water, the first of which had a direct relationship to species diversity and the second an inverse relationship. In turn, fish abundance had a negative, albeit modest, relationship with the distance to perennial water. Among local-scale variables, water velocity and conductivity were inversely related to species richness and fish numbers. Our results highlight the relevance of intermittent agricultural watercourses for native fish species in the Willamette River valley and call for the promotion of agricultural conservation practices that benefit farmers while maintaining aquatic biodiversity in floodplain habitats. C1 [Colvin, Randall; Giannico, Guillermo R.; Li, Judith; Gerth, William J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Boyer, Kathryn L.] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Giannico, GR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM giannico@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon State University; Natural Resources Conservation Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Oregon Seed Council FX We thank the grass seed farmers who provided access to their properties. Jeff Steiner of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), and Mark Mellbye of Oregon State University (OSU) Extension Service provided support and were instrumental in launching this unique collaboration between ARS, the grass seed producers, and OSU. Our field work was possible thanks to valuable help from Abel Brumo, Rick Caskey, Charles Frady, Lyndsay Frady, Bill Gavin, Susan Reithel, Jeremy Romer, and Lance Wyss. Alan Herlihy of OSU provided invaluable assistance with statistics and manuscript review. Machelle Nelson, Steve Griffith, and the water quality analysis laboratory of ARS were also key to this project's completion. We sincerely thank the anonymous referees and the journal editor Fred Utter for their assistance in improving the manuscript. Funding was provided by Oregon State University, grants from the Natural Resources Conservation Service, and a special grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Additional support was provided by the Oregon Seed Council. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1302 EP 1313 DI 10.1577/T08-150.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DC UT WOS:000277124500009 ER PT J AU Neville, H Dunham, J Rosenberger, A Umek, J Nelson, B AF Neville, Helen Dunham, Jason Rosenberger, Amanda Umek, John Nelson, Brooke TI Influences of Wildfire, Habitat Size, and Connectivity on Trout in Headwater Streams Revealed by Patterns of Genetic Diversity SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-LEWISI; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; CHARR SALVELINUS-LEUCOMAENIS; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; RIVER DRAINAGE; SALMO-TRUTTA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MICROSATELLITE LOCI AB Wildfire is an important natural process in many stream ecosystems, but the ability of fish to respond to wildfire-related disturbances is increasingly constrained by human activities that fragment and degrade stream habitats. In this study, we used molecular genetic markers (nuclear microsatellites) to examine the effects of wildfire and related disturbances along with habitat fragmentation on native rainbow trout in the Boise and Payette River basins, Idaho. We surveyed the genetic diversity of fish in 55 tributary streams to compare the level of diversity in samples without the recent influence of wildfire with that of those influenced by stand-replacing wildfire and those influenced by both wildfire and a severe channel-reorganizing disturbance. Stream habitats also varied substantially in size (catchment basin area) and isolation caused by road culverts. Based on prior work in our study streams, we expected that both wildfire and channel reorganization would reduce local population sizes significantly. Accordingly, we expected that wildfire-related disturbances would reduce genetic diversity via founder effects or population bottlenecks. Our results, however, showed little evidence of these influences. In contrast, the level of genetic diversity was lower in fish collected upstream of culvert barriers, probably because of restricted gene flow. We also observed the expected positive correlation between habitat size and genetic diversity, which suggested the importance of larger local population sizes and habitat diversity in maintaining genetic diversity. An unexpected finding was that 15 of the 55 samples showed genetic evidence of hybridization between rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and nonnative cutthroat trout O. clarkii. The results of this study suggest that human influences such as barriers to dispersal and introductions of nonnative fish may pose greater threats to populations of native trout than wildfire itself. C1 [Neville, Helen] Trout Unlimited, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Neville, Helen; Umek, John] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Dunham, Jason; Rosenberger, Amanda; Nelson, Brooke] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Dunham, Jason] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rosenberger, Amanda] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Neville, H (reprint author), Trout Unlimited, 910 W Main St,Suite 342, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM hneville@tu.org FU National Fire Plan; U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; U.S. Forest Service regions 1 and 4; U.S. Geological Survey; Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; Boise National Forest; Trout Unlimited FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Fire Plan, the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service regions 1 and 4, the U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, and Boise National Forest. Support for Helen Neville was provided by Trout Unlimited. We thank, among many, Michael Kellett, Dona Horan, and Tim Arrington for assistance in the field. David Nagel, Sharon Parkes, David Hockman-Wert, and Gwynne Chandler provided essential support with spatial data analysis and preparation. Thanks to Jeff Eidenshink and Brian Schwind for assistance with fire severity information. Mary Peacock at the University of Nevada-Reno generously shared her laboratory and computer resources. Bruce Rieman provided many stimulating discussions throughout the life of this project. Deborah Finn, Kim Hastings, Patrick DeHaan, and three anonymous reviewers provided constructive reviews of an earlier draft of this manuscript. NR 72 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1314 EP 1327 DI 10.1577/T08-162.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DC UT WOS:000277124500010 ER PT J AU Wanjura, JD Holt, GA Byler, RK Brashears, AD Baker, RV AF Wanjura, J. D. Holt, G. A. Byler, R. K. Brashears, A. D. Baker, R. V. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-CAPACITY EXTRACTOR CLEANER FOR COTTON STRIPPER HARVESTERS: MACHINE DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cleaning; Cotton; Harvesting; Stripper; Trash ID PERFORMANCE AB Cotton stripper harvesters have used extractor-type cleaners for many years to remove large foreign material from seed cotton. These machines arc, commonly referred to as "field cleaners" and are similar in design and operation to stick machines used in cotton gins. The field cleaners used on modern cotton strippers are capable of processing burr cotton at the harvesting rate of four-row strippers but are overloaded when used on strippers with six- and eight-row headers. The objective of this work is to report on the design and optimization of a new field cleaner with improved cleaning performance and processing capacity. A 0.305 in (1 ft) wide prototype machine was constructed and used in a response surface experiment to optimize cleaning performance and lint loss. Predictive equations were developed using five configuration factors: loading rate per unit width, primary saw cylinder speed, reclaiming saw cylinder speed, primary saw grid spacing, and reclaiming saw grid spacing. As observed in previous work, the results indicate, that a balance must be reached in the trade-off between maximizing cleaning performance and minimizing lint loss. The results also indicate that the experimental machine is capable of reaching 60% cleaning efficiency but that additional design modifications and testing are necessary for the machine to reach the lint loss design goal of less than or equal to 1%. C1 [Wanjura, J. D.; Holt, G. A.; Brashears, A. D.; Baker, R. V.] USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Byler, R. K.] USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wanjura, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Prod & Proc Unit, 1604 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM John.Wanjura@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton, Incorporated FX The financial support and fiber analysis contribution of Cotton, Incorporated, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1821 EP 1829 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 546SQ UT WOS:000273832300001 ER PT J AU Parajuli, PB Douglas-Mankin, KR Barnes, PL Rossi, CG AF Parajuli, P. B. Douglas-Mankin, K. R. Barnes, P. L. Rossi, C. G. TI FECAL BACTERIA SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF SWAT 2005 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 17-20, 2007 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Fecal coliform bacteria; Sensitivity analysis; Water quality; Watershed modeling ID WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; INDICATOR ORGANISMS; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; SOIL; MANURE; UNCERTAINTY; PERFORMANCE; CATCHMENTS; TRANSPORT AB The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) version 2005 includes a microbial sub-model to simulate fecal bacteria transport at the watershed scale. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate methods to characterize fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) source loads and to assess the model sensitivity to five user-defined model parameters (BACTKDQ: bacteria soil partition coefficient in surface runoff, TBACT., temperature adjustment factor, WDLPQ: less-persistent bacteria die-off in solution phase, WDLPS: less-persistent bacteria die-off in sorbed phase, and BACTKKDB: bacteria partition coefficient in manure) and one input parameter (BACTLPDB: FCB concentration in manure). Fecal bacterial source loads were described and applied spatially for confined livestock, seasonal grazing livestock, failing human septic systems, and indigenous large mammal, small mammal, and avian wildlife. The relative sensitivity index (S) was tested using the independent parameter perturbation (IPP) method. Validation results for an uncalibrated SWAT model using mile runoff events from Rock Creek watershed (77 km(2)) were considered adequate to proceed with sensitivity analyses. Flow simulation resulted in good coefficient of determination (R(2)) of 0.67 and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Index (E) of 0.55, and FCB source load characterization methods were sufficiently precise to result in fair correlation (R(2) = 0.29) and reasonable measured vs. predicted response slope (0.69). Within the ranges recommended for use in SWAT, BACTKDQ had moderate sensitivity (S < 2.67) within -99.5% from 175 (baseline value), BACTLPDB had low sensitivity (S < 0.25) within -90% from 3.29 x 10(7) cfu 100 mL(-1), BACTKKDB had low sensitivity (S < 0.12) within -89% from 0.9, TBACT had low sensitivity (S < 0.36) +/-20% from 1.07, WDLPQ had low sensitivity (S < 0.25) +/-50% from 0.23, and WDLPS had no sensitivity (S < 0.06) +/-50% from 0.023 when compared with all surface runoff events. This study recommends that SWAT could adopt default values of 0.23 for WDLPQ and 0.023 for WDLPS without adversely affecting results. Moderate sensitivity for BACTKDQ indicates that users should select these with caution considering locally relevant data. The sensitivity of BACTKDQ was found high when compared with nine measured surface runoff events. C1 [Parajuli, P. B.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Douglas-Mankin, K. R.; Barnes, P. L.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Rossi, C. G.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Parajuli, PB (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Box 9236, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM pparajuli@abe.msstate.edu NR 73 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1847 EP 1858 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 546SQ UT WOS:000273832300003 ER PT J AU Qu, W Pan, Z Zhang, R Ma, H Chen, X Zhu, B Wang, Z Atungulu, GG AF Qu, W. Pan, Z. Zhang, R. Ma, H. Chen, X. Zhu, B. Wang, Z. Atungulu, G. G. TI INTEGRATED EXTRACTION AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS FOR RECOVERY OF NUTRACEUTICALS AND BIOGAS FROM POMEGRANATE MARC SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Anaerobic digestion; Antioxidant; Biogas; Methane; Pomegranate marc ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; VEGETABLE WASTES; CO-DIGESTION; SEED OIL; FRUIT; PEEL; POLYPHENOLS; SOLVENTS; LIQUID; JUICE AB Pomegranate marc (PM), a by-product of pomegranate juice processing, has not been effectively utilized. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the yields and properties of antioxidants (henceforth referring to total phenolics in terms of tannic acid equivalent) and oil extracted from various dry and wet constituents of PM, including peel, seeds, and mixture; and (2) to evaluate the anaerobic digestibility and biogas production potential of PM before and after antioxidant extraction (AE) and oil extraction (OE). Water and petroleum ether were used as solvents in the extraction of antioxidants and oil, respectively. The anaerobic digestion tests were conducted at 35 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C with a feedstock to microorganism ratio of 0.5 oil volatile solid (VS) basis under two initial organic loadings of 3.0 and 5.0 g VS L(-1). According to the results, both dry and wet PM extracts had similar extraction efficiency and functionality The wet PM extract had an antioxidant content of 23.0%, which corresponded to an antioxidant Yield of 106 kg per ton of PM peel on dry basis (d.b.). The DPPH scavenging activities of antioxidants were 6.5 to 6.6 g g(-1) (d.b.). The oil yield from the dry PM seeds was 138 kg ton(-1) (d.b.). Compared to the low initial organic loading, the high initial organic loading improved methane content (55.1% to 67.5%) but not biogas yield. The extracted residuals of peel, seeds, and mixture had methane yields of 148, 183, and 161 mL g(-1) VS, respectively, which were, lower than that from raw PM. Because the integrated process of extraction followed by anaerobic digestion call produce high functional antioxidants and high-quality biogas and oil from the PM, it is recommended as a value-added utilization method for the by-product. C1 [Pan, Z.] USDA ARS, W Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Qu, W.; Ma, H.; Wang, Z.] Jiangsu Univ, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Qu, W.; Pan, Z.; Zhang, R.; Chen, X.; Atungulu, G. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhu, B.] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Pan, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS, W Reg Res Ctr, Proc Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Zhongli.Pan@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1997 EP 2006 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 546SQ UT WOS:000273832300016 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Vogel, JR Berry, ED Eigenberg, RA Marx, DB Woodbury, BL AF Gilley, J. E. Vogel, J. R. Berry, E. D. Eigenberg, R. A. Marx, D. B. Woodbury, B. L. TI NUTRIENT AND BACTERIAL TRANSPORT IN RUNOFF FROM SOIL AND POND ASH AMENDED FEEDLOT SURFACES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bacteria; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Manure management; Manure runoff; Microorganisms; Nutrient losses; Phosphorus; Runoff; Water quality ID BEEF-CATTLE FEEDLOT; WITHIN-PEN LOCATION; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; PLOT-SCALE; QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; MOISTURE; NITROGEN; SYSTEM AB The addition of pond ash (fly ash that has been placed in evaporative ponds and subsequently dewatered) to feedlot surfaces provides a healthier environment for livestock and economic advantages for the feedlot operator However, the water quality effects of pond ash amended surfaces are not well understood. The objectives of this field investigation were to: (1) compare feedlot soil properties, and nutrient and bacterial transport in runoff, from pond ash amended surfaces and soil surfaces; (2) compare the effects of unconsolidated surface materials (USM) (loose manure pack) and consolidated subsurface materials (CSM) (compacted manure and underlying layers) oil nutrient and bacterial transport ill runoff; and (3) determine if the measured water quality parameters are correlated to soil properties. Simulated rainfall events were applied to 0.75 in wide x 2 in long plots with different surface materials and surface conditions. Measurements of calcium, magnesium, Sulfur, and pH were found to be significantly greater oil the pond ash amended surfaces. lit comparison, the soil surfaces contained significantly greater amounts of Bray 1-P. The runoff load of NH(4)-N was significantly greater oil the pond ash amended surfaces, while the total phosphorus (TP) load was significantly greater oil the soil surfaces. The NO(3)-N and total nitrogen (TN) loads in runoff were, significantly greater oil the feedlot slit-faces containing CSM. Concentrations of E. coli in runoff were similar oil the pond ash amended surfaces and soil surfaces. The dissolved phosphorus (DP), particulate phosphorus (PP), and TP load of runoff were all significantly correlated to Bray 1-P measurements. C1 [Gilley, J. E.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Vogel, J. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Berry, E. D.; Eigenberg, R. A.; Woodbury, B. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Room 251,Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2077 EP 2085 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 546SQ UT WOS:000273832300025 ER PT J AU Ortiz, BV Hoogenboom, G Vellidis, G Boote, K Davis, RF Perry, C AF Ortiz, B. V. Hoogenboom, G. Vellidis, G. Boote, K. Davis, R. F. Perry, C. TI ADAPTING THE CROPGRO-COTTON MODEL TO SIMULATE COTTON BIOMASS AND YIELD UNDER SOUTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE PARASITISM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Crop models; Drought stress; DSSAT; Southern root-knot nematode; Yield losses ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; QUANTIFY; GROWTH; DAMAGE AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield losses by southern root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood) are usually assessed after significant damage has been caused. However, estimation of potential yield reduction before planting is possible by using crop simulation. The main goal of this study was to adapt the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CROPGRO-Cotton for simulating growth and yield of cotton plants infected with RKN. Two hypotheses were evaluated to simulate RKN damage: (1) RKN acting as a sink for soluble assimilate, and (2) RKN inducing a reduction of root length per root mass and root density. The model was calibrated and adapted using data collected in an experiment that was conducted in 2007 and was part of a long-term crop rotation study. The experiment had a split-plot design, replicated six times, with drought stress levels assigned to the main plots and fumigation levels assigned to the subplots. The model was evaluated with seed cotton weight data collected in an experiment that was conducted in 2001 and was part of the same long-term crop rotation experiment. The fumigation treatments created various levels of RKN population densities. The model was adapted by coupling the RKN population to the removal of daily assimilates and decreasing root length per unit mass. The assimilate consumption rate was obtained after minimizing the error between simulated and observed biomass and yield components for the limited drought stress, non-fumigated treatment. Different values of root length per unit root weight (RFAC1) were used to account for early symptoms of RKN damage on leaf area index (LAI) and vegetative biomass under the non-fumigated, drought stress conditions. After model adaptation, the simulations indicated that LAI, total biomass, boll weight, and seed cotton decreased with elevated RKN population. The impact of RKN was more pronounced under severe drought stress. The lowest RMSE of LAI simulations occurred for the non-fumigated treatments under medium and severe drought stress (0.71 and 0.65 m(2) m(-2), respectively). Biomass was simulated with a prediction error within a range of 6% to 18.4% and seed cotton within a range of -11.2% to 2.7%. Seed cotton weight losses associated with RKN infection increased with the level of drought stress (9%, 20%, and 18% for the low, medium, and severe drought stress). Model evaluation showed that seed cotton weight was slightly more overpredicted for the fumigated than for the non-fumigated treatments, with prediction errors of 28.2%, 15.8%, and 2.0% for the low, medium, and severe drought stress, respectively. Similar to the calibration of the model, the yield losses increased with the combination of RKN and drought stress (20% and 29% for the low and severe drought stress). The results showed the potential for using the CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton model to account for RKN damage as well as to simulate yield reduction. However, further model evaluation might be needed to evaluate the values of assimilate consumption and root length per unit weight for different environmental conditions and management practices. C1 [Ortiz, B. V.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hoogenboom, G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Griffin, GA USA. [Vellidis, G.; Perry, C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA USA. [Boote, K.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Davis, R. F.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ortiz, BV (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 204 Extens Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bortiz@auburn.edu RI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/F-3946-2010; OI Hoogenboom, Gerrit/0000-0002-1555-0537; Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 FU Cotton Incorporated; Georgia Cotton Commission; Flint River Water Planning and Policy Center FX This research was partially supported by grants from Cotton Incorporated, the Georgia Cotton Commission, and the Flint River Water Planning and Policy Center. We thank Dr. Cecilia Tojo Soler for assistance with different aspects related to the operation of DSSAT v4.0. We also thank Dr. James W. Jones from the University of Florida for his guidance during this study. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 52 IS 6 BP 2129 EP 2140 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 546SQ UT WOS:000273832300030 ER PT J AU Guerrero, JSP Skaggs, TH van Genuchten, MT AF Perez Guerrero, Jesus S. Skaggs, Todd H. van Genuchten, M. Th. TI Analytical Solution for Multi-Species Contaminant Transport Subject to Sequential First-Order Decay Reactions in Finite Media SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE Multi-species transport; Finite domain; Analytical solution; Integral transform ID POROUS-MEDIA; DISPERSION AB Transport equations governing the movement of multiple solutes undergoing sequential first-order decay reactions have relevance in analyzing a variety of subsurface contaminant transport problems. In this study, a one-dimensional analytical solution for multi-species transport is obtained for finite porous media and constant boundary conditions. The solution permits different retardation factors for the various species. The solution procedure involves a classic algebraic substitution that transforms the advection-dispersion partial differential equation for each species into an equation that is purely diffusive. The new system of partial differential equations is solved analytically using the Classic Integral Transform Technique (CITT). Results for a classic test case involving a three-species nitrification chain are shown to agree with previously reported literature values. Because the new solution was obtained for a finite domain, it should be especially useful for testing numerical solution procedures. C1 [Skaggs, Todd H.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. [Perez Guerrero, Jesus S.] Brazilian Nucl Energy Commiss DIREJ DRS CNEN, Radioact Waste Div, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [van Genuchten, M. Th.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Dept Mech Engn, LTTC, BR-21945 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. EM jperez@cnen.gov.br; Todd.Skaggs@ars.usda.gov; rvangenuchten@yahoo.com RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 FU Brazilian National Research Council; University of California at Riverside (UCR); United States Salinity Laboratory of the USDA Agricultural Research Service FX The first author acknowledges support given by the Brazilian National Research Council, the University of California at Riverside (UCR) and the United States Salinity Laboratory of the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD NOV PY 2009 VL 80 IS 2 BP 373 EP 387 DI 10.1007/s11242-009-9368-3 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 509BL UT WOS:000270985900011 ER PT J AU Uddling, J Teclaw, RM Pregitzer, KS Ellsworth, DS AF Uddling, Johan Teclaw, Ronald M. Pregitzer, Kurt S. Ellsworth, David S. TI Leaf and canopy conductance in aspen and aspen-birch forests under free-air enrichment of carbon dioxide and ozone SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-13 discrimination; FACE; photosynthesis; sap flow; stomata; tree community ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SAP-FLOW; TREMBLING ASPEN; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; PAPER BIRCH; LIMITED PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric ozone (O-3) have the potential to affect tree physiology and structure, and hence forest feedbacks on climate. Here, we investigated how elevated concentrations of CO2 (+ 45%) and O-3 (+ 35%), alone and in combination, affected conductance for mass transfer at the leaf and canopy levels in pure aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and in mixed aspen and birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) forests in the free-air CO2-O-3 enrichment experiment near Rhinelander, Wisconsin (Aspen FACE). The study was conducted during two growing seasons, when steady-state leaf area index (L) had been reached after > 6 years of exposure to CO2- and O-3-enrichment treatments. Canopy conductance (g(c)) was estimated from stand sap flux, while leaf-level conductance of sun leaves in the upper canopy was derived by three different and independent methods: sap flux and L in combination with vertical canopy modelling, leaf C-13 discrimination methodology in combination with photosynthesis modelling and leaf-level gas exchange. Regardless of the method used, the mean values of leaf-level conductance were higher in trees growing under elevated CO2 and/or O-3 than in trees growing in control plots, causing a CO2 x O-3 interaction that was statistically significant (P <= 0.10) for sap flux-and (for birch) C-13-derived leaf conductance. Canopy conductance was significantly increased by elevated CO2 but not significantly affected by elevated O-3. Investigation of a short-term gap in CO2 enrichment demonstrated a + 10% effect of transient exposure of elevated CO2-grown trees to ambient CO2 on g(c). All treatment effects were similar in pure aspen and mixed aspen-birch communities. These results demonstrate that short-term primary stomatal closure responses to elevated CO2 and O-3 were completely offset by long-term cumulative effects of these trace gases on tree and stand structure in determining canopy- and leaf-level conductance in pure aspen and mixed aspen-birch forests. Our results, together with the findings from other long-term FACE experiments with trees, suggest that model assumptions of large reductions in stomatal conductance under rising atmospheric CO2 are very uncertain for forests. C1 [Uddling, Johan] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Uddling, Johan] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Teclaw, Ronald M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Ellsworth, David S.] Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Plant & Food Sci, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. RP Uddling, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM johan.uddling@dpes.gu.se OI Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272 FU National Institute for Global Environmental Change, Midwestern Regional Office, via the US Department of Energy; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas); Australian Research Council; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy; Michigan Technological University; Canadian Forest Service; USFS Northern Research Station FX This research was supported by the National Institute for Global Environmental Change, Midwestern Regional Office, via the US Department of Energy. The first author was also partly supported by the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas), and the last author by the Australian Research Council. In-kind support from the USDA Forest Service is gratefully acknowledged. The Aspen FACE Experiment is funded principally by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, with additional support from the USFS Global Change Program, Michigan Technological University, the Canadian Forest Service and the USFS Northern Research Station. NR 61 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1367 EP 1380 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpp070 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 510SA UT WOS:000271110400006 PM 19773339 ER PT J AU Evett, SR Schwartz, RC Tolk, JA Howell, TA AF Evett, Steven R. Schwartz, Robert C. Tolk, Judy A. Howell, Terry A. TI Soil Profile Water Content Determination: Spatiotemporal Variability of Electromagnetic and Neutron Probe Sensors in Access Tubes SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTISENSOR CAPACITANCE PROBES; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY MODEL; LABORATORY CALIBRATION; MOISTURE VARIABILITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FIELD CALIBRATION; ERROR ANALYSIS; TIME; ACCURACY; CONDUCTIVITY AB Since the late 1980s, electromagnetic (EM) sensors for determination of soil water content from within nonmetallic access tubes have been marketed as replacements for the neutron moisture meter (NMM); however, the accuracy, variability and physical significance of EM sensor field measurements have been questioned. We studied the accuracy and variability of four EM sensors and the NMM, compared with gravimetric measurements, in transects of 10 to 20 access tubes during three field seasons, using soil-specific calibrations. The three capacitance EM sensors produced water content readings for which So values were up to an order of magnitude larger than those from the NMM. The EM sensor based on travel time (waveguide) principles produced SD values up to six times larger than those of the NMM or gravimetric sampling. The EM sensors would require from two to 72 times as many access tubes to obtain a mean profile water content to a given precision than would the NMM or gravimetric sampling, with more tubes required for drier conditions. The NMM exhibited spatial variation of similar magnitude and pattern as that of gravimetrically sampled profile water contents. The EM methods poorly reproduced the spatial and temporal behavior of NMM and gravimetric sampling and implied spatial variability of profile water content that was not evident in either the NMM or gravimetric data, even though EM sensing volumes were larger than the similar to 75-cm(3) volume of the gravimetric samples. We infer that EM sensors were influenced not only by the mean water content in the sampling volume but by the smaller scale structure of soil electrical properties. C1 [Evett, Steven R.; Schwartz, Robert C.; Tolk, Judy A.; Howell, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Evett, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. FU International Atomic Energy Agency [11186/FAO]; Middle Eastern Regional Irrigation Management Information Systems Project; USDA-OIRP; Ogallala Aquifer Program; USDA-ARS, Kansas State University, Texas; AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX We are grateful for the long-term, dedicated involvement of Mr. Brice B. Ruthardt, Biological Science Technician (Soils), during this effort. This work was partially funded by Research Contract No. 11186/FAO, titled "Accuracy and Precision of Neutron Scattering, TDR, and Capacitance Methods of Soil Water Measurement" funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Support was also provided through the Middle Eastern Regional Irrigation Management Information Systems Project, USDA-OIRP. We wish to thank the High Plains Underground Water Conservation District No. 1, Lubbock, TX; the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District, Dumas, TX; and the Panhandle Groundwater Conservation District, White Deer, TX, for their trust and support. This research was supported in part by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium between the USDA-ARS, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. NR 49 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 BP 926 EP 941 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0146 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 521QJ UT WOS:000271936900011 ER PT J AU Kelleners, TJ Chandler, DG McNamara, JP Gribb, MM Seyfried, MS AF Kelleners, T. J. Chandler, D. G. McNamara, J. P. Gribb, M. M. Seyfried, M. S. TI Modeling the Water and Energy Balance of Vegetated Areas with Snow Accumulation SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION; FROZEN SOIL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE PROCESSES; CLIMATE MODELS; UNITED-STATES; BLOWING SNOW; CLEAR SKIES; MOISTURE; FLOW AB The ability to quantify sail-atmosphere water and energy exchange Is Important in understanding agricultural and natural ecosystems, as well as the earth's climate. We developed a one-dimensional vertical model that calculates solar radiation, canopy energy balance, surface energy balance, snowpack dynamics, soil water flow, and snow-soil-bedrock heat exchange, Including soil water freezing. The processes are loosely coupled (solved sequentially) to limit the computational burden. The model was applied to describe water and energy dynamics for a northeast-facing mountain slope In the Dry Creek Experimental Watershed near Bolse, ID. Calibration was achieved by optimizing the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity. Validation results showed that the model can successfully calculate seasonal dynamics in snow height, soil water content, and soil temperature. Both the calibration and validation years confirmed earlier results that evapotranspiration on the northeast-facing slope consumes approximately 60% of yearly precipitation, while deep percolation from the soil profile constitutes about 40% of yearly precipitation. C1 [Kelleners, T. J.] Univ Wyoming, Renewable Resources Dep, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Chandler, D. G.] Kansas State Univ, Dep Civil Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [McNamara, J. P.] Boise State Univ, Dep Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Gribb, M. M.] Boise State Univ, Dep Civil Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Seyfried, M. S.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Kelleners, TJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Renewable Resources Dep, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM tkellene@uwyo.edu RI McNamara, James/F-1993-2011; , David/E-4543-2013 OI , David/0000-0002-8662-2892 FU USDA-CSREES SRGP Award [2005-34552-15828]; NSF-Idaho EPSCoR; National Science Foundation [EPS-0447689] FX This study was funded in part by USDA-CSREES SRGP Award 2005-34552-15828 and the NSF-Idaho EPSCoR program and the National Science Foundation under Award no. EPS-0447689. NR 78 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1013 EP 1030 DI 10.2136/vzj2008.0183 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 521QJ UT WOS:000271936900019 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS Lappin, MR AF Dubey, J. P. Lindsay, David S. Lappin, Michael R. TI Toxoplasmosis and Other Intestinal Coccidial Infections in Cats and Dogs SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Coccidiosis; Diagnosis; Treatment; Isospora; Toxoplasma; Neospora ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM INFECTIONS; HAMMONDIA-HAMMONDI; ISOSPORA-RIVOLTA; LIFE-CYCLE; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; CUTANEOUS TOXOPLASMOSIS; RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; PROTOZOA-EIMERIIDAE; FATAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; HEPATIC-NECROSIS AB Toxoplasma gondii and related coccidians are intracellular protozoan parasites. Coccidia are obligate intracellular parasites normally found in the intestinal tract. Virtually all warm blooded animals, including humans are commonly infected with coccidians. This article reviews the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infections in cats and dogs related to Isospora spp, Toxoplasma gondii, and Neospora caninum. Much remains to be learned concerning the pathogenesis of clinical coccidiosis. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lindsay, David S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lappin, Michael R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 86 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 37 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0195-5616 EI 1878-1306 J9 VET CLIN N AM-SMALL JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Small Anim. Pract. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1009 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.08.001 PG 27 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 574QE UT WOS:000276005900003 PM 19932360 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Palmer, M Li, H Stasko, J Rogers, DG AF Hamir, A. N. Palmer, M. Li, H. Stasko, J. Rogers, D. G. TI Spontaneous Idiopathic Arteritis of the Testicular Artery in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arteritis; extratesticular artery; proliferative arteritis; raccoons (Procyon lotor) ID INOCULATION AB The testes and the spermatic cord of raccoons (Procyon lotor, kits to adult breeders; n = 48) were examined. Segmental arteritis confined to the extratesticular portions of the testicular artery was present in raccoons of all ages. The arterial changes were seen in laboratory-confined experimental and control animals as well as in wild-caught raccoons. The lesions consisted of proliferative endarteritis with presence of inflammatory cells within the intima, media, and the adventitial regions of most affected vessels. Some aspects of the proliferative arterial lesions were reminiscent of systemic necrotizing vasculitis (polyarteritis nodosa), an immunologically mediated condition of animals and humans. Etiologic agents were not identified at the affected sites. Arteritis was not attributed to the administration of infectious agents because it was present in raccoons of all age and origin. To our knowledge multifocal arteritis confined to the testicular artery has not previously been documented in raccoons. C1 [Hamir, A. N.; Palmer, M.; Stasko, J.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Li, H.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rogers, D. G.] Univ Nebraska, Vet Diagnost Ctr, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Vet Med & Surg, Unit 63, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Room 4055C, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ahamir@mdanderson.org NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1129 EP 1132 DI 10.1354/vp.08-VP-0321-H-FL PG 4 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 519XA UT WOS:000271801600008 PM 19605891 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Richt, JA Kunkle, RA Greenlee, JJ Bulgin, MS Gregori, L Rohwer, RG AF Hamir, A. N. Richt, J. A. Kunkle, R. A. Greenlee, J. J. Bulgin, M. S. Gregori, L. Rohwer, R. G. TI Characterization of a US Sheep Scrapie Isolate with Short Incubation Time SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Immunohistochemistry for PrP(Sc); prion inoculum; PRNP genotypes; scrapie; sheep; short incubation time; spongiform encephalopathy; Western blot for PrP(Sc) ID SUFFOLK SHEEP; PRION PROTEIN; ASSOCIATION; AGENT; GENE AB Scrapie is a naturally Occurring fatal neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats. Susceptibility to the disease is partly dependent upon the genetic makeup of the host. In a previous Study it was shown that sheep intracerebrally inoculated with US scrapie inoculum (No. 13-7) developed terminal disease within an average of 19 months. We have since produced an inoculum, No. x124 from pooled brains of US-origin sheep scrapie, that results in incubations nearly threefold shorter. The present study documents clinicopathologic Findings and the distribution of abnormal prion proteins (PrP(Sc)) by immunohistochemical (IHC) and Western blot (WB) techniques, in tissues of sheep inoculated with No. x 124. All inoculated sheep developed clinical disease and were euthanatized within an average of 7.7 months postinoculation (MPI). Sheep that had vallne/valine or alamine/valine at codon 136 of prion protein (PRNP) gene developed the disease faster and were euthanatized at an average of 4.3 and 5.6 MPI, respectively. Also, the inoculum was able to induce disease in a short time (7 MPI) in a sheep that was relatively resistant (QR at codon 171) to scrapie. This indicates that inoculum No. x124 appears to induce scrapie in shorter time than inoculum No. 13-7, especially in sheep homozygous or heterozygous for valine at codon 136. C1 [Hamir, A. N.; Richt, J. A.; Kunkle, R. A.; Greenlee, J. J.] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Bulgin, M. S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Caldwell, ID USA. [Gregori, L.; Rohwer, R. G.] VA Med Ctr, Lab Mol Neurovirol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Vet Med & Surg, Unit 63, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Room 4055C, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ahamir@mdanderson.org NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1205 EP 1212 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 519XA UT WOS:000271801600020 PM 19605918 ER PT J AU Dayan, FE Trindade, MLB Velini, ED AF Dayan, Franck E. Trindade, Maria L. B. Velini, Edivaldo D. TI Amicarbazone, a New Photosystem II Inhibitor SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Herbicide mode of action; photosynthesis; photosystem II; herbicide resistance ID ATRAZINE RESISTANCE; SUGARCANE STRAW; SULFENTRAZONE; HERBICIDE; DERIVATIVES; QUINONE AB Amicarbazone is a new triazolinone herbicide with a broad spectrum of weed control. The phenotypic responses of sensitive plants exposed to amicarbazone include chlorosis, Stunted growth, tissue necrosis, and death. Its efficacy as both a foliar- and root-applied herbicide suggests that absorption and translocation of this compound is very rapid. This new herbicide is a potent inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport, inducing chlorophyll fluorescence and interrupting oxygen evolution ostensibly via binding to the Q(B) domain of photosystem II (PSII) in a manner similar to the triazines and the triazinones classes of herbicides. As a result, its efficacy is susceptible to the most common form of resistance to PSII inhibitors. Nonetheless, amicarbazone has a good selectivity profile and is a more potent herbicide than atrazine, which enables its use at lower rates than those of traditional photosynthetic inhibitors. C1 [Dayan, Franck E.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Trindade, Maria L. B.; Velini, Edivaldo D.] Sao Paulo State Univ, Fac Agron Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM fdayan@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 6 BP 579 EP 583 DI 10.1614/WS-09-099.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 529FE UT WOS:000272500600004 ER PT J AU Goddard, RH Webster, TM Carter, R Grey, TL AF Goddard, Russell H. Webster, Theodore M. Carter, Richard Grey, Timothy L. TI Resistance of Benghal Dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) Seeds to Harsh Environments and the Implications for Dispersal by Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura) in Georgia, USA SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Exotic weed; Federal Noxious Weed List; frugivory; granivory; invasive species; invasive weed; seed dispersal; tropical spiderwort ID TROPICAL SPIDERWORT; UNITED-STATES; GERMINATION; PASSAGE; WEED; GROWTH; CROPS; BIRDS; HOST AB The potential dispersal of Berighal dayflower seeds by Mourning doves was studied in Southern Georgia, U.S.A. The gut contents (both crop and gizzard) Of Mourning doves harvested in the autumn months were investigated to determine if mourning doves fed on Benghal dayflower and whether seeds can survive conditions in the bird gut. Research indicated that mourning doves fed selectively on Benghal dayflower with some harvested birds containing hundreds of Benghal dayflower seeds and capsules in their guts. Further, some seeds recovered remained highly viable. Germination rates in seeds taken from bird crops were similar to controls over the first 4 wk of germination and enhanced over control treatments during the latter 16 wk of a 20-wk germination study. Ultimately, seeds extracted from dove crops had 92% germination as compared to 80% for control seeds. Seeds extracted from dove gizzards had 45% germination, about half that of controls. Berighal dayflower seeds have a structurally reinforced seed coat that probably aids in survival of mechanical damage through bird intestinal tracts. Benghal dayflower seeds exposed to 1.0 M HCl treatment for 2 h had little loss in viability, Successfully germinating after Such treatment. When evaluating mechanisms for the eradication of Benghal dayflower from agricultural crops, consideration needs to be given to the large number of mourning doves and other bird species that visit cropland and potentially aid in its dispersal. C1 [Goddard, Russell H.; Carter, Richard] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Webster, Theodore M.] ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Grey, Timothy L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Goddard, RH (reprint author), Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. EM rgoddard@valdosta.edu RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059 FU National Science Foundation Division of Biological Infrastructure [0420454] FX The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation Division of Biological Infrastructure (award 0420454) for support providing electron and light microscopy equipment used ill this Study. We acknowledge Mr. J. Timothy Flanders and Dr. Philip Roberts in coordinating the collection of the mourning doves. In the laboratory, Mr. Aaron Wise and Mr. Darrell Bryner assisted in separation of the Berighal dayflower seeds from the doves for the studies. Finally, we wish to thank Dr. Bradley Bergstrom for providing a reference and information about the acidity of the avian digestive system and for suggesting editorial changes to this manuscript. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 6 BP 603 EP 612 DI 10.1614/WS-09-046.1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 529FE UT WOS:000272500600007 ER PT J AU Harrington, TB AF Harrington, Timothy B. TI Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Temperature; stratification; soil texture; watering regime; metsulfuron; sulfometuron ID INVASION AB Scotch broom is a large, leguminous shrub that has invaded 27 U.S. states. The species produces seeds with a hard coat that remain viable in the soil for years. Growth-chamber Studies were conducted to determine effects of temperature regime and cold-stratification period on seed germination. Seedling emergence, mortality, and biomass also were studied in response to sulfometuron and metsulfuron herbicides and variation in soil texture and watering regime. Germination was greatest for a dark/light temperature regime of 15/20 C. Initial rates of germination increased as stratification period was varied from 0 to 60 d, but final germination after 90 d did not differ significantly among periods. Applied alone or in combination, sulfometuron and metsulfuron decreased biomass and increased mortality of seedlings. Mortality from simulated soil drought was greater in the presence versus absence of sulfometuron (20 and 6% mortality, respectively) probably because the herbicide reduced root biomass by 58 to 95%. Invasiveness of Scotch broom is facilitated by a prolonged period of germination across a broad temperature range. Increased control of Scotch broom seedlings with sulfometuron is likely if application is timed to expose recently emerged seedlings to developing conditions of soil drought. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Harrington, TB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM tharrington@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 11 U2 30 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 6 BP 620 EP 626 DI 10.1614/WS-09-078.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 529FE UT WOS:000272500600009 ER PT J AU Gealy, DR Agrama, HA Eizenga, GC AF Gealy, David R. Agrama, Hesham A. Eizenga, Georgia C. TI Exploring Genetic and Spatial Structure of US Weedy Red Rice (Oryza sativa) in Relation to Rice Relatives Worldwide SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Weedy rice; Oryza sativa L.; Oryza species; simple sequence repeat (SSR); genetic diversity; spatial diversity ID WILD RELATIVES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CLEARFIELD(TM) RICE; CULTIVATED RICE; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; ECOTYPES; IMAZETHAPYR; COLLECTION AB Weedy red rice is a highly troublesome weed of rice in the United States and throughout the world. Effective management of this weed has remained challenging to U.S. farmers, partly because of the biological diversity among red rice populations, resistance to or avoidance of control measures, and genetic similarities with crop rice that allow crossing between the two plant types. The aim of this research was to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci that will unambiguously differentiate between U.S. weedy red rice, commercial rice cultivars, and their hybrids, to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of U.S. weedy red rice accessions in relation to Oryza collections from international sources, and to relate genetic and geographic variability within U.S. weedy red rice. Thirty-one SSR markers were used to analyze 180 worldwide Oryza entries and 80 U.S. weedy red rice and U.S. rice cultivars. Twenty-six of the 31 SSR marker loci were highly informative with respect to genetic distinctions between U.S. weedy red rice and U.S. rice cultivars. U.S. red rice are accessions clustered into two main SSR-based collections, awnless strawhull (SA-) and awned blackhull (BA+), according to genetic distance analysis and principal coordinate analysis. Genetic structure analysis clearly identified SA- and BA+ red rice, rice-red rice hybrids, commercial japonica rice cultivars, indica rice, and a number of international and wild Oryza spp. standards (e.g., Oryza nivara, Oryza rufipogon, and Oryza glaberrima) as genetically distinct groups. U.S. SA- red rice exhibited greater spatial structure than did BA+ in that the genetic makeup of SA- accessions changed nearly twice as much with geographic distance as compared to BA+. However, the overall genetic variability within SA- red rice accessions was less than for BA+ accessions, suggesting that the SA- types may be genetically less compatible than BA+ types with other Oryza plants such as rice or other red rice types present in U.S. rice fields. Several of the awned red rice entries exhibited evidence of natural hybridization with different red rice types. Our results suggest that the SA- and BA+ red rice collections have different genetic backgrounds. SA- accessions generally associated most closely with indica-like red- or white-bran Oryza sativa cultivar standards, while BA+ accessions generally associated more closely with O. nivara or O. nivara-like O. sativa entries. Although the U.S. red rice accessions appear not to have descended directly from introductions of the worldwide Oryza standards analyzed, an Oryza red-pericarp entry from Niger (UA 1012; PI 490783) was genetically very similar to some U.S. BA+ accessions. C1 [Gealy, David R.; Eizenga, Georgia C.] ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Agrama, Hesham A.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Gealy, DR (reprint author), ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM David.gealy@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 15 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 6 BP 627 EP 643 DI 10.1614/WS-09-018.1 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 529FE UT WOS:000272500600010 ER PT J AU Kandel, WA Donato, KM AF Kandel, William A. Donato, Katharine M. TI Does Unauthorized Status Reduce Exposure to Pesticides? Evidence From the National Agricultural Workers Survey SO WORK AND OCCUPATIONS LA English DT Article DE farm labor; agriculture; immigration; legal status; pesticides ID UNITED-STATES; LABOR-MARKET; EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS; IMMIGRATION POLICY; LEGAL STATUS; CONTROL ACT; FARMWORKERS; EARNINGS; HEALTH; WAGES AB Ample scholarship suggests that unauthorized immigrants are more likely to face occupational hazards because their lack of legal status makes them more vulnerable to workplace abuse. Despite much research documenting how legal status affects wages, employment, and job stability, few studies have empirically analyzed impacts of legal status on the employment conditions of hired farmworkers. In this article we examine whether unauthorized farmworkers are more likely to handle pesticides and receive pesticide training. We use the National Agricultural Workers Survey, a data set that distinguishes between unauthorized, authorized, and citizen workers. Results from descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses suggest, contrary to expectation, that unauthorized legal status is associated with a reduced likelihood of handling pesticides or receiving training for pesticides. This finding is bolstered by results for control variables associated with unauthorized status, such as age and U.S. agricultural employment experience. Taken together, the results are consistent with labor market segmentation theory that suggests jobs encompassing occupational hazards are allocated to or held by more experienced workers who are better compensated for the risks they undertake. C1 [Kandel, William A.] USDA, Resource & Rural Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Donato, Katharine M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Kandel, WA (reprint author), USDA, Resource & Rural Econ Div, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM wkandel@ers.usda.gov NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0730-8884 J9 WORK OCCUPATION JI Work Occup. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 36 IS 4 BP 367 EP 399 DI 10.1177/0730888409347599 PG 33 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Sociology SC Business & Economics; Sociology GA 515XI UT WOS:000271505800004 ER PT J AU Li, RP Kibblewhite, R Orts, WJ Lee, CC AF Li, Ruiping Kibblewhite, Rena Orts, William J. Lee, Charles C. TI Molecular cloning and characterization of multidomain xylanase from manure library SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xylan; Xylanase; Metagenomic DNA; Carbohydrate binding module ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BETA-MANNANASE; ACTIVE-SITE; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; ENZYME; RECOGNITION AB The gene (manf-x10) encoding xylanase from an environmental genomic DNA library was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The manf-x10 encoded a predicted protein of 467 amino acids residues with a molecular mass of 50.3 kD. Sequence analysis of manf-x10 gene revealed that the N-terminus had high homology to the catalytic domain of other bacterial xylanase enzymes. The optimal pH and temperature for xylanase activity were 7.0 and 40 degrees C, respectively. In the presence of 1 mM solution of Co(2+), Fe(2+), Mg(2+) and Zn(2+), the relative xylanase activity was enhanced; however, it had almost no activity in the presence of 10 mM solution of Cu(2+). The apparent K(m) and V(max) values obtained for the hydrolysis of rye arabinoxylan were 2.8 mg/ml and 49.5 mu mol/min/mg, respectively. The C-terminus of the enzyme had high homology to a domain of unknown function found in several mannanase enzymes. Biochemical characterization of the C-terminus of the enzyme revealed a previously unrecognized carbohydrate binding module. C1 [Li, Ruiping] China Three Gorges Univ, Alan G MacDiarmid Res Inst Renewable Energy, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China. [Kibblewhite, Rena; Orts, William J.; Lee, Charles C.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Li, RP (reprint author), China Three Gorges Univ, Alan G MacDiarmid Res Inst Renewable Energy, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China. EM amylee0289@163.com NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 11 BP 2071 EP 2078 DI 10.1007/s11274-009-0111-6 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 500ZG UT WOS:000270345000023 ER PT J AU Liu, SQ Qureshi, N AF Liu, Siqing Qureshi, Nasib TI How microbes tolerate ethanol and butanol SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; LIPID-COMPOSITION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; SAKE YEAST; AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES; ALCOHOL FERMENTATION; SOLVENT TOLERANCE; MEMBRANE-FLUIDITY AB New robust biocatalysts are needed to depolymerize or hydrolyze recalcitrant heterogeneous lignocellulosic biomass polymers into monomers and to convert the mixed substrates into biofuels. The ideal biocatalysts should be able to tolerate inhibitory compounds released from biomass hydrolysis and increased concentrations of the final products: ethanol or butanol. The solvent tolerance trait plays an important role in cost-effective recovery processes. Here we provide an overview of the literature of fermenting microbes in response to increased ethanol or butanol concentrations, aimed to provide insight on how microbes deal with and adapt to the ethanol and butanol stress. C1 [Liu, Siqing] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Qureshi, Nasib] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, SQ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Siqing.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 78 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD OCT 31 PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3-4 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.984 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 526DH UT WOS:000272267400002 PM 19577017 ER PT J AU Bajpai, VK Kim, HR Hou, CT Kang, SC AF Bajpai, Vivek K. Kim, Hak Ryul Hou, Ching Tsang Kang, Sun Chul TI Bioconverted products of essential fatty acids as potential antimicrobial agents SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PR3; CLAVIBACTER SP ALA2; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; OLEIC-ACID; FOOD; OUTBREAKS; COMPOUND; DISEASES; PATHOGEN AB This review deals with the recent findings on the microbial conversion of essential fatty acids (EFAs) through Pseudoimonas aeruginosa PR3 NRRL-B-18602, and the antimicrobial properties of bioconverted EFAs, with particular emphasis on n-3 or n-6 fatty acids. The first section deals with the most recent and some background literature on which have been the latest developments with respect to bioconverted EFAs as potential antibacterial agents, in particular the inhibition of severe foodborne and food spoilage bacteria causing deleterious effects in food and human beings. The second section of the review deals with the inhibition of certain important plant pathogenic fungi through the bioconverted EFAs which cause drastic losses to food and agriculture industries. Also we have given emphasis through the literature on the importance of microbial bioconversion of EFAs along with their possible applications in various beneficial fields. C1 [Bajpai, Vivek K.; Kang, Sun Chul] Daegu Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712714, Kyoungbook, South Korea. [Kim, Hak Ryul] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Hou, Ching Tsang] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kang, SC (reprint author), Daegu Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Biotechnol, Kyongsan 712714, Kyoungbook, South Korea. EM sckang@daegu.ac.kr FU Korea Research Foundation (BK21 program), Republic of Korea FX This research was supported by Korea Research Foundation (BK21 program), Republic of Korea. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD OCT 31 PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3-4 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.07.007 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 526DH UT WOS:000272267400003 PM 19643210 ER PT J AU Hector, RE Bowman, MJ Skory, CD Cotta, MA AF Hector, Ronald E. Bowman, Michael J. Skory, Christopher D. Cotta, Michael A. TI The Saccharomyces cerevisiae YMR315W gene encodes an NADP(H)-specific oxidoreductase regulated by the transcription factor Stb5p in response to NADPH limitation SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID XYLOSE METABOLISM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; YEAST; FERMENTATION; REDUCTASE; STRAINS; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE; CONSTRUCTION; GLUTATHIONE; VECTORS AB Engineered xylose-metabolizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown on xylose show increased expression of YMR315W at both the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, the YMR315W promoter contains a putative binding site for the transcription factor Stb5p, which has been shown to regulate genes involved in NADPH production such as ZWF1, GND1 and GND2. We hypothesized that Ymr315wp, a conserved protein of unknown function, is an additional source of NADPH in wild-type cells. In this study, we purified histidine-tagged enzyme and determined that Ymr315wp is an NADP(H)specific oxidoreductase. We also showed that YMR315W transcription is regulated by Stb5p in response to diamide induced NADPH depletion. Overexpression of Ymr315wp in BY4727 cells resulted in elevated NADPH levels and increased resistance to diamide. However, the presence of Ymr315wp in cells lacking the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway resulted in decreased NADPH levels and increased diamide sensitivity. These results suggest that in BY4727 cells Ymr315wp contributes to NADPH production as an alternative source of NADPH. C1 [Hector, Ronald E.; Bowman, Michael J.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Skory, Christopher D.] ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hector, RE (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Ronald.Hector@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD OCT 31 PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3-4 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.08.008 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 526DH UT WOS:000272267400010 PM 19712762 ER PT J AU Slovin, JP Schmitt, K Folta, KM AF Slovin, Janet P. Schmitt, Kyle Folta, Kevin M. TI An inbred line of the diploid strawberry Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens for genomic and molecular genetic studies in the Rosaceae SO PLANT METHODS LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; FRUIT COLOR; VARIETIES AB Background: The diploid woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is an attractive system for functional genomics studies. Its small stature, fast regeneration time, efficient transformability and small genome size, together with substantial EST and genomic sequence resources make it an ideal reference plant for Fragaria and other herbaceous perennials. Most importantly, this species shares gene sequence similarity and genomic microcolinearity with other members of the Rosaceae family, including large-statured tree crops (such as apple, peach and cherry), and brambles and roses as well as with the cultivated octoploid strawberry, F. xananassa. F. vesca may be used to quickly address questions of gene function relevant to these valuable crop species. Although some F. vesca lines have been shown to be substantially homozygous, in our hands plants in purportedly homozygous populations exhibited a range of morphological and physiological variation, confounding phenotypic analyses. We also found the genotype of a named variety, thought to be well-characterized and even sold commercially, to be in question. An easy to grow, standardized, inbred diploid Fragaria line with documented genotype that is available to all members of the research community will facilitate comparison of results among laboratories and provide the research community with a necessary tool for functionally testing the large amount of sequence data that will soon be available for peach, apple, and strawberry. Results: A highly inbred line, YW5AF7, of a diploid strawberry Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens line called "Yellow Wonder" (Y2) was developed and examined. Botanical descriptors were assessed for morphological characterization of this genotype. The plant line was found to be rapidly transformable using established techniques and media formulations. Conclusion: The development of the documented YW5AF7 line provides an important tool for Rosaceae functional genomic analyses. These day-neutral plants have a small genome, a seed to seed cycle of 3.0 - 3.5 months, and produce fruit in 7.5 cm pots in a growth chamber. YW5AF7 is runnerless and therefore easy to maintain in the greenhouse, forms abundant branch crowns for vegetative propagation, and produces highly aromatic yellow fruit throughout the year in the greenhouse. F. vesca can be transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, making these plants suitable for insertional mutagenesis, RNAi and overexpression studies that can be compared against a stable baseline of phenotypic descriptors and can be readily genetically substantiated. C1 [Slovin, Janet P.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schmitt, Kyle; Folta, Kevin M.] Univ Florida, Grad Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schmitt, Kyle; Folta, Kevin M.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Slovin, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM janet.slovin@ars.usda.gov; pelican8@ufl.edu; kfolta@ifas.ufl.edu FU NSF [0701488]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX The authors thank Andrea Murphy and Jeremy Goetz for greenhouse assistance, Sasha Drost, an Eleanor Roosevelt High School science intern for technical assistance, Todd Cooke for his help with botanical description, and anonymous reviewers for comments. This work was performed as part of NSF project 0701488 (KMF). Kyle Schmitt was supported with funding from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute "Science for Life" program at the University of Florida (KMF). NR 35 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-4811 J9 PLANT METHODS JI Plant Methods PD OCT 31 PY 2009 VL 5 AR 15 DI 10.1186/1746-4811-5-15 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 526KY UT WOS:000272288700001 PM 19878589 ER PT J AU Elias, PE Burger, JA Adams, MB AF Elias, P. E. Burger, J. A. Adams, M. B. TI Acid deposition effects on forest composition and growth on the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Acid deposition; Monongahela National Forest; Soil acidity ID CATION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; NITROGEN; SOILS; PENNSYLVANIA; ECOSYSTEMS; RESPONSES; ADDITIONS; DECLINE AB The northern and central Appalachian forests are subject to high levels of atmospheric acid deposition (AD), which has been shown in some forests to negatively impact forest growth as well as predispose the forest system to damage from secondary stresses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible contribution of AD to changes in composition and productivity of the Monongahela National Forest, and to evaluate soil-based indicators of acidification that might be useful for detecting AD-related forest changes. Soils adjacent to 30 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) sites were sampled and analyzed for a suite of acidity indicators. These indicators were correlated with the periodic mean annual volume increment (PMAVI) of the forest stands on FIA plots for the 10-yr period 1989-2000. PMAVI ranged from -9.5 to 11.8 m(3) ha(-1) yr(-1), with lower-than-expected growth (<3 m(3) ha(-1) yr(-1)) on two-thirds of the sites. In the surface horizon, effective base saturation, Ca(2+) concentration, base saturation, K(+) concentration, Ca/Al molar ratio, and Mg/Al molar ratio, were positively correlated with PMAVI and Fe concentration was negatively correlated with PMAVI (p <= 0.1). In the subsurface horizon pH((w)) and effective base saturation were positively correlated and Al(3-) concentration and K(+) concentration were negatively correlated with PMAVI. We hypothesized that NO(3)-N/NH(4)-N ratio would also be correlated with PMAVI, but it was not. Correlations between soil chemical indicators and PMAVI suggest that AD may contribute, in part, to the lower-than-expected forest growth on the Monongahela National Forest. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Elias, P. E.; Burger, J. A.] Virginia Tech Coll Nat Resources, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Adams, M. B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Elias, PE (reprint author), Virginia Tech Coll Nat Resources, Dept Forestry, 228 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM pelias@vt.edu FU Monongahela National Forest; USDA Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring Program; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX The Monongahela National Forest, the USDA Forest Service Forest Health Monitoring Program, and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station supported this work. We thank the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis program as well as many employees at Virginia Tech for making this project possible. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 30 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 10 BP 2175 EP 2182 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.004 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518QN UT WOS:000271708300003 ER PT J AU Meason, DF Idol, TW Friday, JB Scowcroft, PG AF Meason, Dean F. Idol, Travis W. Friday, J. B. Scowcroft, Paul G. TI Effects of fertilisation on phosphorus pools in the volcanic soil of a managed tropical forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hedley fractionation; Phosphorus fertilization; Andisol; Tropical forest; Acacia koa ID SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXATION; ACACIA-KOA FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; MONTANE FOREST; SURFACE-CHARGE; NATURAL-WATERS; HAWAII; GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY; FRACTIONS AB Acacia koa forests benefit from phosphorus fertilisation, but it is unknown if fertilisation is a short or long term effect on P availability. Past research suggests that P cycling in soils with high P sorption capacity, such as Andisols, was through organic pathways. We studied leaf P and soil P fractions in a tropical forest Andisol for 3 years after fertilisation with triple super phosphate. Leaf P concentration and labile P remained high after fertilisation. Fertilisation had increased all the inorganic P fractions over the length of the study, while organic P fractions had not. The results suggested that the organic P fractions had a reduced role as a source of labile P after fertilisation. The size and dynamics of the sodium hydroxide- and hydrochloric acid-extractable P pools would suggest that either pool could be major sources of labile P. Because of the high level of poorly crystalline minerals in Andisols (allophone and imogolite), it would be expected that applied P would quickly lead to strong P sorption onto mineral surfaces and thus a rapid decline in P availability. We propose that the high organic matter present in these soils had masked some of the Al and Fe sorption sites, which allowed the sorption and desorption when large amounts of addition P were applied. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Meason, Dean F.; Idol, Travis W.; Friday, J. B.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Sherman Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Scowcroft, Paul G.] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Meason, DF (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Sherman Lab, 1910 EW Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM meason@hawaii.edu OI Meason, Dean/0000-0002-7592-0827 FU US Department of Agriculture McIntire-Stennis program FX We express our thanks to Peter Simmons, Keala Kanakaole, and Kamehameha Schools for access to the research site. Thanks to the people at the University of Hawaii Agriculture Diagnostic Service Center and Western Ag. Innovations for analysis of foliage and resin membrane nutrients, respectively. We would also like to thank Janis Haraguchi, Raymond McGuire, Shawn Steiman, David Clausnitzer, Laura Nelson, Grant Takayesu, Jennifer Schriber, Jenny Johansen, and Fukumi Watanabe for their help in the field and the laboratory. This research was supported by US Department of Agriculture McIntire-Stennis program appropriations to the University of Hawaii. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 30 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 10 BP 2199 EP 2206 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.001 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518QN UT WOS:000271708300006 ER PT J AU D'Amore, DV Hennon, PE Schaberg, PG Hawley, GJ AF D'Amore, David V. Hennon, Paul E. Schaberg, Paul G. Hawley, Gary J. TI Adaptation to exploit nitrate in surface soils predisposes yellow-cedar to climate-induced decline while enhancing the survival of western redcedar: A new hypothesis SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Calcium; Climate change; Chamaecyparis nootkatensis; Thuja plicata; Forest decline ID COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTHERN VANCOUVER-ISLAND; RED CEDAR; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; FOREST FLOORS; CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; HEMLOCK FORESTS; PHOSPHORUS MINERALIZATION; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS AB Yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach) and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn), two valuable tree species of Pacific Northwest forests, are competitive in low productivity forests on wet, nearly saturated soils with low nitrogen (N) availability and turnover. We propose a mechanism where cedar trees survive in marginal conditions through exploiting a coupled Ca-NO(3)(-) nutrient cycle where trees assimilate N as nitrate (NO(3)(-)), but must accumulate a counter-ion to NO(3)(-) such as Calcium (Ca(+2)) to control their internal cell pH and provide electrochemical balance. The availability of NO(3)(-) in cedar forests is favored by increased microbial activity and shifts in microbial community composition that is conducive to N mineralization and nitrification at higher pH. Cedars influence the soils under their canopy by enriching the forest floor with calcium compounds leading to increases in pH. Cedars are also prone to precocious dehardening in the spring when N is released from freeze-thaw events in the soils and conditions appear to favor nitrifying microbial communities. Cedars must concentrate fine-root biomass near the soil surface to access Ca and NO(3)(-), but this beneficial physiological adaptation also creates a vulnerability to periodic root freezing injury that is leading to the decline and mortality of at least one of them-yellow-cedar. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [D'Amore, David V.; Hennon, Paul E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Schaberg, Paul G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Hawley, Gary J.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP D'Amore, DV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ddamore@fs.fed.us; phennon@fs.fed.us; pschaberg@fs.fed.us; gary.hawley@uvm.edu NR 76 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 30 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 10 BP 2261 EP 2268 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.006 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518QN UT WOS:000271708300013 ER PT J AU Neary, DG Ice, GG Jackson, CR AF Neary, Daniel G. Ice, George G. Jackson, C. Rhett TI Linkages between forest soils and water quality and quantity SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Watershed management; Forest soils; Science development; Research needs ID STREAMSIDE MANAGEMENT ZONES; LAND-USE; FLOODPLAIN SEDIMENTATION; SOUTHEASTERN PIEDMONT; RUNOFF PRODUCTION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; ROADS; REPELLENCY; HYDROLOGY; FLOW AB The most sustainable and best quality fresh water sources in the world originate in forest ecosystems. The biological, chemical, and physical characteristics of forest soils are particularly well suited to delivering high quality water to streams, moderating stream hydrology, and providing diverse aquatic habitat. Forest soils feature litter layers and high organic contents, both of which contribute to an abundant and diverse micro- and macro-fauna. Root systems under forests are extensive and relatively deep compared to agricultural lands and grasslands. Together, these biological conditions create soils with high macroporosity, low bulk density, and highly saturated hydraulic conductivities and infiltration rates. Consequently, surface runoff is rare in forest environments, and most rainfall moves to streams by subsurface flow pathways where nutrient uptake, cycling, and contaminant sorption processes are rapid. Because of the dominance of subsurface flow processes, peak flows are moderated and baseflows are prolonged. Conversion of forests to row crops, pastures, or lawns almost always results in deterioration of water quality. In North America, the majority of municipalities ultimately rely on forested watersheds to provide adequate quantities of high quality water for human use. This is particularly true in the western and eastern parts of the continent where human populations are large or growing rapidly. Forest soils provide the perfect conditions for creating high quality water supplies. This paper provides a historical perspective of the linkage between forest soils and water quantity and quality over the past century, and it also makes predictions about research directions in the area of forest soil and water quality linkages. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Neary, Daniel G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ice, George G.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Corvallis, OR USA. [Jackson, C. Rhett] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Neary, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dneary@fs.fed.us OI Jackson, C. Rhett/0000-0001-6165-3556 NR 162 TC 80 Z9 94 U1 8 U2 95 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 30 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 10 SI SI BP 2269 EP 2281 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.027 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518QN UT WOS:000271708300014 ER PT J AU Knoepp, JD Clinton, BD AF Knoepp, Jennifer D. Clinton, Barton D. TI Riparian zones in southern Appalachian headwater catchments: Carbon and nitrogen responses to forest cutting SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Riparian buffer; Nitrogen availability; Dissolved organic carbon (DOC); Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON); Nitrogen leaching ID WATER NITRATE REMOVAL; SITE PREPARATION; VEGETATION GRADIENT; SOIL CARBON; DYNAMICS; MINERALIZATION; MANAGEMENT; DISTURBANCE; ELEVATION; ECOLOGY AB There is little understanding about the role eastern US forested headwater riparian areas play in protecting aquatic habitats and water quality from impacts of side slope forest harvest. To better understand this important riparian area function, we selected three sites from management units with a 2-age regeneration silvicultural prescription located on the Nantahala National Forest, North Carolina, USA. Each site was harvested and a riparian buffer was left uncut along the stream. Buffer widths were 10 m and 30 m; we included a 0 m buffer to experimentally determine nutrient and riparian zone responses to forest cutting under extreme conditions. A fourth site was selected to serve as an uncut reference. Transects were established perpendicular to a 200 m stream reach, from streamside to 50 m upslope for intensive study. Forest cutting increased extractable NO(3)(-) at both 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm soil depths compared to pre-treatment concentrations. Soil solution NO(3)(-) concentrations increased only in harvested areas, on all sites; increases were greater in sites with narrow riparian buffers. Stream water NO(3)(-) concentration increased significantly following site harvest only on the 0 m buffer site. Dissolved organic C and N did not respond to harvesting in either soil solution or stream samples. Our results suggest that riparian buffers are effective in removing NO(3)(-) from soil solution prior to its entering the stream. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Knoepp, Jennifer D.; Clinton, Barton D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Knoepp, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM jknoepp@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 30 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 10 BP 2282 EP 2293 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.006 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518QN UT WOS:000271708300015 ER PT J AU Strahm, BD Harrison, RB Terry, TA Harrington, TB Adams, AB Footen, PW AF Strahm, Brian D. Harrison, Robert B. Terry, Thomas A. Harrington, Timothy B. Adams, A. B. Footen, Paul W. TI Changes in dissolved organic matter with depth suggest the potential for postharvest organic matter retention to increase subsurface soil carbon pools SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dissolved organic carbon; Dissolved organic nitrogen; DOC:DON ratio; Forest management; Harvest intensity; Carbon flux ID VARIABLE-CHARGE SOILS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; MINERAL SOILS; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; SORPTION; PRESERVATION; TRANSPORT; RELEASE; LITTER AB Research into postharvest management of forests often focuses on balancing the need for increased biomass yield against factors that may directly impact the productivity of the subsequent stand (e.g. nutrient and water availability, soil microclimate, etc.). Postharvest organic matter management, however, also exerts a strong influence over the translocation of carbon (C) into and through the soil profile and may provide a mechanism to increase soil C content. The effects of contrasting postharvest organic matter retention treatments (bole-only removal, BO; whole-tree removal, WT) on soil solution C concentration and quality were quantified at the Fall River and Matlock Long-term Soil Productivity (LTSP) studies in Washington state. Solutions were collected monthly at depths of 20 and 100 cm and analyzed for dissolved organic C (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and DOC: DON ratio. Comparisons of DOC concentrations with depth illustrate divergent trends between the two treatments, with an overall decrease in DOC with depth in the BO treatment and either an increase or no change with depth in the WT treatment. Trends in DON concentrations with depth were less clear, partly due to the very low concentrations observed, although the relationship of DOC:DON with depth shows a decrease in the BO treatment and little to no change in DOC quality in the WT treatment. This illustrates that more recalcitrant organic matter (higher DOC:DON) is being removed from solution as it moves through the soil profile. Only 35-40% of the DOC moving past 20 cm in the BO treatment is present at 100 cm. Conversely, 98-117% of the DOC at 20 cm in the WT treatment is present at 100 cm. Thus, 11 and 30 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1) are removed from solution between 20 and 100 cm in the BO treatment at the Matlock and Fall River LTSP studies, respectively. Although much of this C is often assumed to be utilized for microbial respiration, DOC:DON ratios of the potential organic substrates and the unique mineralogy of the soils of this region suggest that a significant portion may in fact be incorporated into a more recalcitrant soil C pool. Thus, postharvest organic matter retention may provide a mechanism to increase soil C sequestration on these soils. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Strahm, Brian D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Harrison, Robert B.; Adams, A. B.; Footen, Paul W.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Terry, Thomas A.] Weyerhaeuser Co, Western Forestry Res, Centralia, WA 98513 USA. [Harrington, Timothy B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Strahm, BD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, E343 Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM bds92@cornell.edu FU USDA Forest Service Research and Development and the American Forest and Paper Association; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI); Olympic Natural Resources Center; Weyerhaeuser Company FX This research was made possible by grants from the Sustainable Forestry component of Agenda 2020, a joint effort of the USDA Forest Service Research and Development and the American Forest and Paper Association, the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), the Olympic Natural Resources Center, and the Weyerhaeuser Company. Research partners included the Weyerhaeuser Company and Green Diamond Resources Company. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 30 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 10 BP 2347 EP 2352 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.014 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518QN UT WOS:000271708300021 ER PT J AU Blackwell, BF DeVault, TL Fernandez-Juricic, E Dolbeer, RA AF Blackwell, Bradley F. DeVault, Travis L. Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban Dolbeer, Richard A. TI Wildlife collisions with aircraft: A missing component of land-use planning for airports SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Review DE Airport planning; Aviation hazard; Bird strike; Land use; Risk; Wildlife strike ID VEGETATION-HEIGHT MANAGEMENT; RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD; HUMAN DISTURBANCE; GRASSLAND BIRDS; FARMLAND BIRDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BUFFER ZONES; AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE; BREEDING BIRDS AB Projecting risks posed to aviation safety by wildlife populations is often overlooked in airport land-use planning. However, the growing dependency on civil aviation for global commerce can require increases in capacity at airports which affect land use, wildlife populations, and perspectives on aviation safety. Our objectives were to (1) review legislation that affects airports and surrounding communities relative to managing and reducing wildlife hazards to aviation: (2) identify information gaps and future research needs relative to regulated land uses on and near airports, and the effects on wildlife populations; and (3) demonstrate how information regarding wildlife responses to land-use practices can be incorporated into wildlife-strike risk assessments. We show that guidelines for land-use practices on and near airports with regard to wildlife hazards to aviation can be vague, conflicting, and scientifically ill-supported. We discuss research needs with regard to management of stormwater runoff; wildlife use of agricultural crops and tillage regimens relative to revenue and safety; the role of an airport in the landscape matrix with regard to its effects on wildlife species richness and abundance: and spatial and temporal requirements of wildlife species that use airports, relative to implementing current and novel management techniques. We also encourage the development and maintenance of datasets that will allow realistic assessment of wildlife-strike risk relative to current airport conditions and anticipated changes to capacity. Land uses at airports influence wildlife populations. and understanding and incorporating these effects into planning will reduce risks posed to both aviation safety and wildlife species. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Blackwell, Bradley F.; DeVault, Travis L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM Bradley.f.blackwell@aphis.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; Animal and Plant Health inspection Service; Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center FX The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center supported this research. The authors received salary and logistical support from their respective institutions. In addition, we thank A. de Hoon and E. Poggiali for logistical assistance. We greatly appreciate reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript by T.W. Seamans and L.A. Yako. NR 136 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD OCT 30 PY 2009 VL 93 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.07.005 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 541BF UT WOS:000273385200001 ER PT J AU Bellaloui, N Reddy, KN Zablotowicz, RM Abbas, HK Abel, CA AF Bellaloui, Nacer Reddy, Krishna N. Zablotowicz, Robert M. Abbas, Hamed K. Abel, Craig A. TI Effects of Glyphosate Application on Seed Iron and Root Ferric (III) Reductase in Soybean Cultivars SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Glyphosate; iron nutrition; ferric reductase enzyme; ferric reductase activity; glyphosate-resistant soybean; glyphosate-sensitive soybean ID GLYCINE-MAX; AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; NITROGENASE ACTIVITY; SIMULATED DRIFT; PLANT-GROWTH; ACCUMULATION; GLUFOSINATE; HERBICIDES; L. AB Previous research demonstrated that plant nutrient assimilation was reduced by glyphosate (Gly). A 2 year field experiment investigated the effects of Gly at drift rate (12.5% of commercial use rate) on Fe concentrations in leaves and seeds of Gly-sensitive (GS) soybean, and a greenhouse experiment evaluated Gly effects on Fe assimilation using root in vivo ferric reductase activity (FRA) in two GS and one Gly-resistant (GR) soybean cultivars. Field studies showed that Gly drift rates resulted in a significant decrease in the Fe concentration in seeds and leaves compared to the nontreated plants. In greenhouse studies, leaf Fe and FRA were inhibited in GS cultivars Hutcheson and DIP 5110 and the GR cultivar AG 4604RR and leaf Fe was positively correlated with root FRA (p < 0.0001). These results indicate that Gly can interfere with Fe assimilation in both GS and GR soybean. Understanding the implication of Gly on Fe nutrition in soybean seed would help soybean agronomists and breeders seeking to improve seed mineral nutrition qualities. C1 [Bellaloui, Nacer; Abbas, Hamed K.] ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Reddy, Krishna N.; Zablotowicz, Robert M.] ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Abel, Craig A.] ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bellaloui, N (reprint author), ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, USDA, POB 345,141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM nacer.bellaloui@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 28 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 20 BP 9569 EP 9574 DI 10.1021/jf902175y PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 507ML UT WOS:000270858200032 PM 19780538 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Millner, P AF Wang, Shiow Y. Millner, Patricia TI Effect of Different Cultural Systems on Antioxidant Capacity, Phenolic Content, and Fruit Quality of Strawberries (Fragaria x aranassa Duch.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fragaria x ananassa Duch.; antioxidant activity; anthocyanins; compost socks; total phenolics; flavonoids; sugars; organic acids; cultural systems ID ELLAGIC ACID; ANTHOCYANINS; FLAVONOIDS; BLUEBERRIES; SWEETNESS; TASTE AB The effect of cultivation practices for controlling strawberry black root rot (BRR) on fruit quality, antioxidant capacity, and flavonoid content in two strawberry cultivars Allstar and Chandler (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) was evaluated. Strawberry, fruits used in this study were from plants grown in soils which had a prior history of BRR and red stele, and had not been fumigated during the seven years prior to the study. Results from this study showed that fruit from plants grown in compost socks had significantly higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), flavonoids, anthocyanins, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acid (TA), fructose, glucose, sucrose, malic acid, and citric acid than fruit produced in the black plastic mulch or matted row systems. Cultivar Chandler surpassed cv. Allstar in sugar content, acid content, and flavonoid content regardless of preplanting vinegar drenching and various culture treatments. However, preplanting vinegar treatment increased cyanidin-based and pelargonidin-based anthocyanins but decreased sugar content in fruits of both cultivars. C1 [Wang, Shiow Y.] Agr Res Serv, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Millner, Patricia] Agr Res Serv, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shiow.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 28 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 20 BP 9651 EP 9657 DI 10.1021/jf9020575 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 507ML UT WOS:000270858200043 PM 20560628 ER PT J AU White, PM Potter, TL Bosch, DD Joo, H Schaffer, B Munoz-Carpena, R AF White, Paul M. Potter, Thomas L. Bosch, David D. Joo, Hyun Schaffer, Bruce Munoz-Carpena, Rafael TI Reduction in Metolachlor and Degradate Concentrations in Shallow Groundwater through Cover Crop Use SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Metolachlor; metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid; groundwater; cover cropping; soil dissipation ID SOUTH FLORIDA; AGRICULTURAL SETTINGS; HERBICIDE METOLACHLOR; UNITED-STATES; ATRAZINE; WATER; FATE; SOIL; DISSIPATION; TRANSPORT AB Pesticide use during crop production has the potential to adversely impact groundwater quality. In southern Florida, climatic and hydrogeologic conditions and agronomic practices indicate that contamination risks are high. In the current study, dissipation of the widely used herbicide, metolachlor, and levels of the compound and selected degradates in shallow groundwater beneath six 0.15-ha plots in sweet corn (Zea mays) production were evaluated over a two-year period. During fallow periods (May to October), plots were either left bare or cover cropped with sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.). Metolachlor was broadcast applied at label recommended rates prior to planting sweet corn each year. Groundwater monitoring wells hydraulically upgradient and down-gradient, and within each plot were sampled biweekly. Results showed that metolachlor dissipation was rapid, as evidenced by the detection of relatively high levels of the metolachlor ethane sulfonic degradate (MESA) in groundwater beneath plots and a rapid metolachlor DT(50) (9-14 days) in a companion laboratory soil incubation. Other degradates detected included hydroxymetolachlor in soil and in groundwater metolachlor oxanilic acid (MOA) and a product tentatively identified as 2-chloro-N-(2-acetyl-6-methylphenyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide, a photo-oxidation product. Metolachlor and MESA levels, up to 16 and 2.4 times higher in groundwater beneath the noncover cropped plots when compared to those of the cover cropped plots, indicate that cover cropping results in more rapid dissipation and/or reduced leaching. The study demonstrated that integration of cover crops into agronomic systems in the region may yield water quality benefits by reducing herbicide inputs to groundwater. C1 [White, Paul M.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Unit, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Joo, Hyun] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Schaffer, Bruce] Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Munoz-Carpena, Rafael] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP White, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Unit, SE Watershed Res Lab, 2381 Rainwater Rd,POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM paul.white@ars.usda.gov RI Munoz-Carpena, Rafael/A-7588-2010 OI Munoz-Carpena, Rafael/0000-0003-2838-1514 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 28 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 20 BP 9658 EP 9667 DI 10.1021/jf9021527 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 507ML UT WOS:000270858200044 PM 19799423 ER PT J AU Gu, YQ Ma, YQ Huo, NX Vogel, JP You, FM Lazo, GR Nelson, WM Soderlund, C Dvorak, J Anderson, OD Luo, MC AF Gu, Yong Q. Ma, Yaqin Huo, Naxin Vogel, John P. You, Frank M. Lazo, Gerard R. Nelson, William M. Soderlund, Carol Dvorak, Jan Anderson, Olin D. Luo, Ming-Cheng TI A BAC-based physical map of Brachypodium distachyon and its comparative analysis with rice and wheat SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; POLYPLOID WHEAT; END SEQUENCES; MODEL SYSTEM; GENOME; GRASS; LOCUS; DUPLICATIONS; LIBRARIES; MAIZE AB Background: Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has been recognized as a new model species for comparative and functional genomics of cereal and bioenergy crops because it possesses many biological attributes desirable in a model, such as a small genome size, short stature, self-pollinating habit, and short generation cycle. To maximize the utility of Brachypodium as a model for basic and applied research it is necessary to develop genomic resources for it. A BAC-based physical map is one of them. A physical map will facilitate analysis of genome structure, comparative genomics, and assembly of the entire genome sequence. Results: A total of 67,151 Brachypodium BAC clones were fingerprinted with the SNaPshot HICF fingerprinting method and a genome-wide physical map of the Brachypodium genome was constructed. The map consisted of 671 contigs and 2,161 clones remained as singletons. The contigs and singletons spanned 414 Mb. A total of 13,970 gene-related sequences were detected in the BAC end sequences (BES). These gene tags aligned 345 contigs with 336 Mb of rice genome sequence, showing that Brachypodium and rice genomes are generally highly colinear. Divergent regions were mainly in the rice centromeric regions. A dot-plot of Brachypodium contigs against the rice genome sequences revealed remnants of the whole-genome duplication caused by paleotetraploidy, which were previously found in rice and sorghum. Brachypodium contigs were anchored to the wheat deletion bin maps with the BES gene-tags, opening the door to Brachypodium-Triticeae comparative genomics. Conclusion: The construction of the Brachypodium physical map, and its comparison with the rice genome sequence demonstrated the utility of the SNaPshot-HICF method in the construction of BAC-based physical maps. The map represents an important genomic resource for the completion of Brachypodium genome sequence and grass comparative genomics. A draft of the physical map and its comparisons with rice and wheat are available at http://phymap.ucdavis.edu/brachypodium/. C1 [Ma, Yaqin; Huo, Naxin; You, Frank M.; Dvorak, Jan; Luo, Ming-Cheng] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gu, Yong Q.; Huo, Naxin; Vogel, John P.; You, Frank M.; Lazo, Gerard R.; Anderson, Olin D.] USDA ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Nelson, William M.; Soderlund, Carol] Univ Arizona, Inst BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Luo, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Yong.Gu@ars.usda.gov; ama@ucdavis.edu; naxin.huo@ars.usda.gov; John.Vogel@ars.usda.gov; Frank.You@ars.usda.gov; Gerard.Lazo@ars.usda.gov; will@agcol.arizona.edu; Cari@agcol.arizona.edu; jdvorak@ucdavis.edu; Olin.Anderson@ars.udsa.gov; mcluo@ucdavis.edu RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU United State Department of Agriculture; Agriculture Research Service CRIS [32502100-010, 533502100-011, 532502100-013]; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis FX The authors thank Daniel Hayden, Devin Coleman and Theresa Hill for assistance in BAC DNA extraction; Charles H. Wang and Rana Nederi for assistance in generating BAC fingerprints. This work was supported in part by the United State Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service CRIS 532502100-010, 533502100-011, and 532502100-013; and by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis. NR 53 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 27 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 496 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-496 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 520XM UT WOS:000271882900001 PM 19860896 ER PT J AU Winkler, IS Mitter, C Scheffer, SJ AF Winkler, Isaac S. Mitter, Charles Scheffer, Sonja J. TI Repeated climate-linked host shifts have promoted diversification in a temperate clade of leaf-mining flies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE adaptive radiation; coevolution; climate change; macroevolution; Agromyzidae ID FLOWERING PLANTS; NUCLEAR GENES; RATES; EVOLUTION; LIKELIHOOD; DIVERSITY; LEPIDOPTERA; BUTTERFLIES; PHYLOGENIES; SYSTEMATICS AB A central but little-tested prediction of "escape and radiation'' coevolution is that colonization of novel, chemically defended host plant clades accelerates insect herbivore diversification. That theory, in turn, exemplifies one side of a broader debate about the relative influence on clade dynamics of intrinsic (biotic) vs. extrinsic (physical-environmental) forces. Here, we use a fossil-calibrated molecular chronogram to compare the effects of a major biotic factor (repeated shift to a chemically divergent host plant clade) and a major abiotic factor (global climate change) on the macroevolutionary dynamics of a large Cenozoic radiation of phytophagous insects, the leaf-mining fly genus Phytomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae). We find one of the first statistically supported examples of consistently elevated net diversification accompanying shift to new plant clades. In contrast, we detect no significant direct effect on diversification of major global climate events in the early and late Oligocene. The broader paleoclimatic context strongly suggests, however, that climate change has at times had a strong indirect influence through its effect on the biotic environment. Repeated rapid Miocene radiation of these flies on temperate herbaceous asterids closely corresponds to the dramatic, climate-driven expansion of seasonal, open habitats. C1 [Winkler, Isaac S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Winkler, Isaac S.; Mitter, Charles] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Scheffer, Sonja J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Winkler, IS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM iswinkle@ncsu.edu OI Winkler, Isaac/0000-0003-2453-021X FU University of Maryland Graduate School; National Science Foundation [0531769] FX We thank C. Labandeira, S. Wing, and C. Delwiche for helpful discussions and comments on early drafts. C. Labandeira brought to our attention the key leaf mine fossils, E. Righter and N. Reading provided valuable mathematical assistance, and two anonymous reviewers provided exceptionally helpful advice. This work was funded by the University of Maryland Graduate School and the National Science Foundation Grant 0531769. NR 50 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 27 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 43 BP 18103 EP 18108 DI 10.1073/pnas.0904852106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 512DB UT WOS:000271222500014 PM 19805134 ER PT J AU Schetelig, MF Scolari, F Handler, AM Kittelmann, S Gasperi, G Wimmer, EA AF Schetelig, Marc F. Scolari, Francesca Handler, Alfred M. Kittelmann, Sebastian Gasperi, Giuliano Wimmer, Ernst A. TI Site-specific recombination for the modification of transgenic strains of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE insect pest management; phiC31 integrase; transgene stability ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INSECT TRANSGENESIS; GERMLINE TRANSFORMATION; EMBRYONIC LETHALITY; TRANSPOSON VECTOR; SPERM MARKING; PHAGE PHI-C31; PIGGYBAC; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA AB Insect transgenesis is mainly based on the random genomic integration of DNA fragments embedded into non-autonomous transposable elements. Once a random insertion into a specific location of the genome has been identified as particularly useful with respect to transgene expression, the ability to make the insertion homozygous, and lack of fitness costs, it may be advantageous to use that location for further modification. Here we describe an efficient method for the modification of previously inserted transgenes by the use of the site-specific integration system from phage phiC31 in a tephritid pest species, the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. First, suitable transgenic strains with randomly integrated attP landing sites within transposon-based vectors were identified by molecular and functional characterization. Second, donor plasmids containing an attB site, with additional markers, and transposon ends were integrated into attP sites by phiC31 integrase-mediated recombination. Third, transposase-encoding 'jumpstarter' strains were created and mated to transgenic strains resulting in the postintegrational excision of transposon ends, which left stably integrated transgene insertions that could not be remobilized. This three-step integration and stabilization system will allow the combination of several transgene-encoded advantageous traits at evaluated genomic positions to generate optimized strains for pest control that minimize environmental concerns. C1 [Schetelig, Marc F.; Kittelmann, Sebastian; Wimmer, Ernst A.] Univ Gottingen, Dept Dev Biol, GZMB, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Schetelig, Marc F.; Handler, Alfred M.] Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Scolari, Francesca; Gasperi, Giuliano] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Biol Anim, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Wimmer, EA (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Dept Dev Biol, GZMB, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, Ernst Caspari Haus,Justus von Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM ewimmer@gwdg.de RI scolari, francesca/L-9233-2015 OI scolari, francesca/0000-0003-3085-9038 FU U. S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service-National Research Initiative; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) Vigoni; Fonds der Chemischen Industrie; Federal Ministry of Education and Research; International Atomic Energy Agency FX We thank Gerald Franz (Seibersdorf, Austria) for help in generating and providing transgenic medfly strains, Paolo Gabrieli for technical assistance, Johannes Bischof (University Zurich) and Michele Calos (Stanford University) for plasmids, and Anna R. Malacrida for advice. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service-National Research Initiative (to A. M. H.), the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) Vigoni exchange program (to G. G. and E. A. W.), the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (to E. A. W.), and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (to E. A. W.). The project was initiated during an International Atomic Energy Agency funded meeting of the Coordinated Research Project (CRP) "The Use of Molecular Tools to Improve the Effectiveness of SIT" and continued in CRP "Development and Evaluation of Improved Strains of Insect Pests for SIT." NR 34 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 27 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 43 BP 18171 EP 18176 DI 10.1073/pnas.0907264106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 512DB UT WOS:000271222500026 PM 19828439 ER PT J AU Abdul-Careem, MF Haq, K Shanmuganathan, S Read, LR Schat, KA Heidari, M Sharif, S AF Abdul-Careem, Mohamed Faizal Haq, Kamran Shanmuganathan, Sangitha Read, Leah R. Schat, Karel A. Heidari, Mohammad Sharif, Shayan TI Induction of innate host responses in the lungs of chickens following infection with a very virulent strain of Marek's disease virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus; Lung; Innate response; Toll-like receptor; Macrophage; Chemokine; Cytokine ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; NITRIC-OXIDE; MACROPHAGES; CELLS; REPLICATION; HERPESVIRUS; INTERFERON; TISSUES; BRAIN AB The natural route of entry of Marek's disease Virus (MDV) is via the respiratory system. However, little is known about host-virus interactions in the lungs. The objective of the present study was to examine MDV replication and induction of innate host responses in the lungs of chickens infected through inhalation. Replication of MDV in lungs was detectable as early as 12 hours post-infection (hpi). The expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR7 genes was enhanced in response to MDV infection in the lungs. This was associated with the up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-8 genes. In response to MDV infection, the number of macrophages in lungs of infected chickens was significantly higher compared to uninfected Control chickens. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene was also significantly higher in the lungs at 72 hpi following MDV infection. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates induction of innate host responses to MDV infection in the respiratory system. Further Studies are needed to characterize other host responses generated in the lungs following MDV infection. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdul-Careem, Mohamed Faizal; Haq, Kamran; Shanmuganathan, Sangitha; Read, Leah R.; Sharif, Shayan] Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Schat, Karel A.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Heidari, Mohammad] USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Sharif, S (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM shayan@uoguelph.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Poultry Industry Council, Canada FX This study was carried out with financial support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Poultry Industry Council, Canada. We thank Dr. Bruce D. Hunter for the discussions on establishment of the MDV infection model and Dr. Davor Ojkic for providing access to LC480 thermocycler. NR 48 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 25 PY 2009 VL 393 IS 2 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.08.001 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 511FC UT WOS:000271148300007 PM 19733379 ER PT J AU Kinne, M Poraj-Kobielska, M Ralph, SA Ullrich, R Hofrichter, M Hammel, KE AF Kinne, Matthias Poraj-Kobielska, Marzena Ralph, Sally A. Ullrich, Rene Hofrichter, Martin Hammel, Kenneth E. TI Oxidative Cleavage of Diverse Ethers by an Extracellular Fungal Peroxygenase SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 3,4-DIMETHOXYBENZYL ALCOHOL; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; LIGNIN; BIODEGRADATION; HALOPEROXIDASE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEMETHYLATION; 1,4-DIOXANE; GROUNDWATER; MECHANISMS AB Many litter-decay fungi secrete heme-thiolate peroxygenases that oxidize various organic chemicals, but little is known about the role or mechanism of these enzymes. We found that the extracellular peroxygenase of Agrocybe aegerita catalyzed the H(2)O(2)-dependent cleavage of environmentally significant ethers, including methyl t-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane. Experiments with tetrahydrofuran showed the reaction was a two-electron oxidation that generated one aldehyde group and one alcohol group, yielding the ring-opened product 4-hydroxybutanal. Investigations with several model substrates provided information about the route for ether cleavage: (a) steady-state kinetics results with methyl 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl ether, which was oxidized to 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, gave parallel double reciprocal plots suggestive of a ping-pong mechanism (K(m(peroxide)), 1.99 +/- 0.25 mM; K(m(ether)), 1.43 +/- 0.23 mM; kcat, 720 +/- 87 s(-1)), (b) the cleavage of methyl 4-nitrobenzyl ether in the presence of H(2) (18)O(2) resulted in incorporation of (18)O into the carbonyl group of the resulting 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, and (c) the demethylation of 1-methoxy-4-trideuteromethoxybenzene showed an observed intramolecular deuterium isotope effect [(k(H)/k(D))(obs)] of 11.9 +/- 0.4. These results suggest a hydrogen abstraction and oxygen rebound mechanism that oxidizes ethers to hemiacetals, which subsequently hydrolyze. The peroxygenase appeared to lack activity on macromolecular ethers, but otherwise exhibited a broad substrate range. It may accordingly have a role in the biodegradation of natural and anthropogenic low molecular weight ethers in soils and plant litter. C1 [Ralph, Sally A.; Hammel, Kenneth E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Kinne, Matthias; Poraj-Kobielska, Marzena; Ullrich, Rene; Hofrichter, Martin] Int Grad Sch Zittau, Unit Environm Biotechnol, D-02763 Zittau, Germany. [Hammel, Kenneth E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM kehammel@wisc.edu RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 FU Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt Project [13225-32]; European Union; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, United States Dept. of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64480]; Konrad Adenauer Foundation; German-American Fulbright Commission FX Supported by the German-American Fulbright Commission. NR 37 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 23 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 43 BP 29343 EP 29349 DI 10.1074/jbc.M109.040857 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 507ZW UT WOS:000270896800014 PM 19713216 ER PT J AU Faust, C Stallknecht, D Swayne, D Brown, J AF Faust, Christina Stallknecht, David Swayne, David Brown, Justin TI Filter-feeding bivalves can remove avian influenza viruses from water and reduce infectivity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; transmission; environment; persistence; water; Corbicula fluminea ID CORBICULA-FLUMINEA; A VIRUSES; NORWALK VIRUS; POTOMAC RIVER; ASIATIC CLAM; PERSISTENCE; DUCKS; SHELLFISH; MUSSELS; ACCUMULATION AB Avian influenza (AI) viruses are believed to be transmitted within wild aquatic bird populations through an indirect faecal-oral route involving contaminated water. This study examined the influence of filter-feeding bivalves, Corbicula fluminea, on the infectivity of AI virus in water. Clams were placed into individual flasks with distilled water inoculated 1 : 100 with a low pathogenic (LP) AI virus (A/Mallard/MN/190/99 (H3N8)). Viral titres in water with clams were significantly lower at 24 and 48 h post-inoculation compared to LPAI-infected water without clams. To determine whether clams affected the infectivity of AI viruses, 18 wood ducks (Aix sponsa) were divided into test groups and inoculated with a variety of treatments of clam supernatants, whole clams and water exposed to a high pathogenic (HP) AI (A/whooper swan/Mongolia/244/05 (H5N1)). None of the wood ducks inoculated with HPAI-infected water that was filtered by clams or that was inoculated with or fed tissue from these clams exhibited morbidity or mortality. All wood ducks exposed to either HPAI-infected water without clams or the original viral inoculum died. These results indicate that filter-feeding bivalves can remove and reduce the infectivity of AI viruses in water and demonstrate the need to examine biotic environmental factors that can influence AI virus transmission. C1 [Faust, Christina] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Stallknecht, David; Brown, Justin] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Dept Populat Hlth, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Swayne, David] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Faust, C (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM christina.faust@gmail.com OI Faust, Christina L./0000-0002-8824-7424 FU Centers for Disease Control [1U19C10004501] FX We thank Virginia Goekjian and everyone at the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study for their guidance and expertise throughout the project. We also thank Carlos Estevez and Joan Beck of the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory for technical assistance during the wood duck experimental infection trial. Additionally, we acknowledge Britta Hansen for the initial work on this project, Andrew Durso and Rebecca Bartel for assistance with statistical analysis, and Sonia Altizer, Elijah Carter, Ronald Carroll and two anonymous reviewers for commenting on drafts of this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided through Cooperative Agreement 1U19C10004501 by the Centers for Disease Control. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD OCT 22 PY 2009 VL 276 IS 1673 BP 3727 EP 3735 DI 10.1098/rspb.2009.0572 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 498VF UT WOS:000270172200020 PM 19656788 ER PT J AU Shen, TY Langan, P French, AD Johnson, GP Gnanakaran, S AF Shen, Tongye Langan, Paul French, Alfred D. Johnson, Glenn P. Gnanakaran, S. TI Conformational Flexibility of Soluble Cellulose Oligomers: Chain Length and Temperature Dependence SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DISACCHARIDE CONFORMATION; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FORCE-FIELD; WATER AB Structures, dynamics, and stabilities of different sized cellulosic oligomers need to be considered when designing enzymatic cocktails for the conversion of biomass to biofuels since they can be both productive substrates and inhibitors of the overall process. In the present work, the conformational variability, hydrogen bonding, and mechanical properties of short, soluble cellulose chains are investigated as a function of chain length. Cellulose oligomers consisting 2, 4, and 6 beta-D-glucose units are examined in explicit solvent using replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) which provides a rigorous evaluation of the relative stabilities of different conformations and their temperature dependencies. This application of REMD to oligosaccharides in solution also allows evaluation of the quality of the force-field and its suitability for sampling carbohydrates efficiently. Simulation results are analyzed in synergy with polymer theory and compared to known measurements of oligomers and crystals. As the chain length is increased, the conformations of the oligomers become more rigid and likely to form intrachain hydrogen bonds, like those found in crystals. Several other conformations and hydrogen bonding patterns distinguish these short cellulose chains from those in cellulose crystals. These studies have also addressed the key role played by solvent on shifting the conformational preferences of the oligosacchandes with respect to vacuum and crystals. Correlation between pyranose ring flipping and the conformation of the 1,4-glycosidic bond was observed. C1 [Shen, Tongye; Gnanakaran, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Shen, Tongye] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [French, Alfred D.; Johnson, Glenn P.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, Cotton Struct & Qual Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Gnanakaran, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Shen, Tongye/A-9718-2008; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; OI Shen, Tongye/0000-0003-1495-3104; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Gnanakaran, S/0000-0002-9368-3044 FU United States Department of Energy and Center for Nonlinear Studies; U.S. Department of Agriculture [6435-44000-070-00D] FX We thank Dr. R. J Woods for very helpful discussions on the GLYCAM force-field We would also like to thank Dr M. Mustyakrmov, Dr. D. Fox. and other members of the cellulosic biofuels team at I-os Alamos National Lab for their Support. This work Was Supported in pail by an LANL-LDRD grant from the United States Department of Energy and Center for Nonlinear Studies Funding for A.D.F. and G.P.J. was from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service project 6435-44000-070-00D. NR 62 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 21 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 41 BP 14786 EP 14794 DI 10.1021/ja9034158 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 512SV UT WOS:000271271800051 PM 19824731 ER PT J AU Van Deynze, A Stoffel, K Lee, M Wilkins, TA Kozik, A Cantrell, RG Yu, JZ Kohel, RJ Stelly, DM AF Van Deynze, Allen Stoffel, Kevin Lee, Mike Wilkins, Thea A. Kozik, Alexander Cantrell, Roy G. Yu, John Z. Kohel, Russel J. Stelly, David M. TI Sampling nucleotide diversity in cotton SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EST-DERIVED MICROSATELLITES; X GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE; PCR-BASED MARKERS; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; CHROMOSOMAL ASSIGNMENT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; UPLAND COTTON; HIRSUTUM L.; GENOME; GENES AB Background: Cultivated cotton is an annual fiber crop derived mainly from two perennial species, Gossypium hirsutum L. or upland cotton, and G. barbadense L., extra long-staple fiber Pima or Egyptian cotton. These two cultivated species are among five allotetraploid species presumably derived monophyletically between G. arboreum and G. raimondii. Genomic-based approaches have been hindered by the limited variation within species. Yet, population-based methods are being used for genome-wide introgression of novel alleles from G. mustelinum and G. tomentosum into G. hirsutum using combinations of backcrossing, selfing, and inter-mating. Recombinant inbred line populations between genetics standards TM-1, (G. hirsutum) x 3-79 (G. barbadense) have been developed to allow high-density genetic mapping of traits. Results: This paper describes a strategy to efficiently characterize genomic variation (SNPs and indels) within and among cotton species. Over 1000 SNPs from 270 loci and 279 indels from 92 loci segregating in G. hirsutum and G. barbadense were genotyped across a standard panel of 24 lines, 16 of which are elite cotton breeding lines and 8 mapping parents of populations from six cotton species. Over 200 loci were genetically mapped in a core mapping population derived from TM-1 and 3-79 and in G. hirsutum breeding germplasm. Conclusion: In this research, SNP and indel diversity is characterized for 270 single-copy polymorphic loci in cotton. A strategy for SNP discovery is defined to pre-screen loci for copy number and polymorphism. Our data indicate that the A and D genomes in both diploid and tetraploid cotton remain distinct from each such that paralogs can be distinguished. This research provides mapped DNA markers for intra-specific crosses and introgression of exotic germplasm in cotton. C1 [Van Deynze, Allen; Stoffel, Kevin; Lee, Mike] Univ Calif Davis, Seed Biotechnol Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wilkins, Thea A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Kozik, Alexander] Univ Calif Davis, Genome & Biomed Sci Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cantrell, Roy G.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Yu, John Z.; Kohel, Russel J.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Stelly, David M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Van Deynze, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Seed Biotechnol Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM avandeynze@ucdavis.edu; kmstoffel@ucdavis.edu; mklee@ucdavis.edu; thea.wilkins@ttu.edu; akozik@atgc.org; roy.cantrell@monsanto.com; john.yu@ars.usda.gov; kohel@qutun.tamu.edu; stelly@tamu.edu OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 FU Cotton Incorporated; University of California FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Brandon Tearse for converting raw polymorphism data to spreadsheet [44] format and Ms. Jessica Lund for technical assistance for generating the genotyping data. We would also like to thank Dr. Ben Burr (Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY, USA) for providing sequence data for SSRs. The authors would like to thank Cotton Incorporated and the University of California Discovery Grant for funding this research. NR 46 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD OCT 20 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 125 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-9-125 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 513MS UT WOS:000271327000001 PM 19840401 ER PT J AU Li, Z Liu, WZ Zhang, XC Zheng, FL AF Li, Zhi Liu, Wen-zhao Zhang, Xun-chang Zheng, Fen-li TI Impacts of land use change and climate variability on hydrology in an agricultural catchment on the Loess Plateau of China SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Land use change; Climate variability; Hydrological effect; Loess Plateau; SWAT ID YELLOW-RIVER BASIN; MONOTONIC TREND; WATER-BALANCE; SOIL-EROSION; PRECIPITATION; FLOODS; MODEL; PRODUCTIVITY; SIMULATIONS; STREAMFLOW AB Land use and climate are two main factors directly influencing catchment hydrology, and separation of their effects is of great importance for land use planning and water resources management Using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools) model, we assessed the impacts of land use change and climate variability on surface hydrology (runoff, soil water and evapotranspiration) in an agricultural catchment on the Loess Plateau of China. Results indicated that SWAT proved to be a powerful tool to simulate the effect of environmental change on surface hydrology The Nash-Sutchffe model efficiency (Ens), Percent bias (PBIAS) and ratio of root mean square error to measured standard deviation (RSR) for annual flow was 0.87, 4.0%. 0.36 during calibration period and 0 87, 2 5%, 0.36 during validation periods, respectively. During 1981-2000, about 4 5% of the catchment area was changed mainly from shrubland and sparse woodland to medium and high grassland, and climate changed to warmer and drier The integrated effects of the land use change and climate variability decreased runoff. soil water contents and evapo-transpiration. Both land use change and climate variability decreased runoff by 9.6% and 95 8%, respectively, and decreased soil water contents by 188% and 77.1% Land use change increased evapotranspiration by 8 0% while climate variability decreased it by 103.0% The climate variability influenced the surface hydrology more significantly than the land use change in the Heihe catchment during 1981-2000: therefore, the influence of climate variability should be considered and assessed separately when quantifying the hydrological effect of vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved C1 [Li, Zhi] NW A&F Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanix, Peoples R China. [Li, Zhi; Liu, Wen-zhao; Zheng, Fen-li] CAS, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanix, Peoples R China. [Li, Zhi; Liu, Wen-zhao; Zheng, Fen-li] MWR, Yangling 712100, Shaanix, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xun-chang] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanix, Peoples R China. EM lizhibox@126.com RI LI, ZHI/D-7204-2015 OI LI, ZHI/0000-0002-9268-6497 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-424, KSCX1YW-09-07]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB407201]; Talents Foundation of Northwest A F University [01140407] FX This Study was funded by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-424 & KSCX1YW-09-07), National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2007CB407201) and the Talents Foundation of Northwest A & F University (No. 01140407). The careful reviews and good suggestions of the referees are gratefully acknowledged. NR 37 TC 157 Z9 181 U1 22 U2 156 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 20 PY 2009 VL 377 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 510XB UT WOS:000271125800004 ER PT J AU Chu-Agor, ML Fox, GA Wilson, GV AF Chu-Agor, M. L. Fox, G. A. Wilson, G. V. TI Empirical sediment transport function predicting seepage erosion undercutting for cohesive bank failure prediction SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Seepage; Ground water flow; Erosion; Sediment transport; Bank stability ID GROUNDWATER SEEPAGE; SLOPE INSTABILITY; STREAMBANKS; STABILITY; SOILS; MODEL AB Seepage erosion is an important factor in hillslope instability and failure. However, predicting erosion by subsurface flow or seepage and incorporating its effects into stability models remains a challenge Limitations exist with all existing seepage erosion sediment transport functions, including neglecting the three-dimensional geometry of the seepage undercut and the cohesive nature of soils. The objective was to develop an empirical sediment transport function that can predict seepage erosion and undercutting with time based on three-dimensional soil block experiments covering a wide range of hydraulic, soil type, slope and bulk density combinations. The transport function was represented by an excess gradient equation (R(2) = 0.54). The critical gradient was predicted by the soil cohesion based on laboratory experiments. Using a three-dimensional Gaussian function, the geometric relationships between the maximum distance and lateral and vertical dimensions of the undercut were then derived. The proposed empirical relationships reasonably predicted the observed volume per unit area of undercut, erosion rate, and time at which a given amount of undercut developed. The flow gradient can be used with the derived sediment transport function, the first ever relationship proposed for predicting the dimensions and the geometry of the undercut, to predict the impact of seepage erosion undercutting on hillslope stability Users only need to input the seepage layer's cohesion, bulk density, and the hydraulic gradient over time in the near-bank ground water system (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Chu-Agor, M. L.; Fox, G. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Wilson, G. V.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 120 Agr Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. OI Chu, Ma Librada/0000-0003-3732-7165 FU The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES); US Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2005-35102-17209] FX This research was supported by The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), under Award No. 2005-35102-17209. The authors acknowledge Dr. Seth Dabney, USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, MS: Amanda K. Fox, Stillwater, OK; and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 20 PY 2009 VL 377 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.020 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 510XB UT WOS:000271125800016 ER PT J AU Jadhao, SJ Lee, CW Sylte, M Suarez, DL AF Jadhao, Samadhan J. Lee, Chang-Won Sylte, Matt Suarez, David L. TI Comparative efficacy of North American and antigenically matched reverse genetics derived H5N9 DIVA marker vaccines against highly pathogenic Asian H5N1 avian influenza viruses in chickens SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; Vaccine; H5N1; DIVA; Antigenic match ID A VIRUS; HONG-KONG; HEMAGGLUTININ MOLECULE; VACCINATION STRATEGY; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; ANIMALS STRATEGY; PROTECT CHICKENS; PEKIN DUCKS; HPAI H5N1; NEURAMINIDASE AB Highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 avian influenza has become endemic in several countries in Asia and Africa, and vaccination is being widely used as a control tool. However, there is a need for efficacious vaccines preferably utilizing a DIVA (differentiate infected from vaccinated animals) marker strategy to allow for improved surveillance of influenza in vaccinated poultry. Using a reverse genetics approach, we generated Asian rgH5N9 vaccine strain deriving the hemagglutinin gene from A/chicken/Indonesia/7/2003 (H5N1) with modification of the cleavage site to be low pathogenic (LP) and N9 neuraminidase gene from the North American LP A/turkey/Wisconsin/1968 (H5N9) virus. The recombinant rgHSN9, A/turkey/Wisconsin/1968 (H5N9) A/chicken/Hidalgo/232/1994 (H5N2), and wild type HP A/chicken/Indonesia/7/2003 (H5N1) viruses were used to prepare inactivated oil-emulsified whole virus vaccines. Two weeks after vaccination, chickens were challenged with either Asian HP H5N1 viruses, A/chicken/Indonesia/7/2003 (W.H.O. clade 2.1) or A/chicken/Supranburi Thailand/2/2004 (W.H.O. Glade 1.0). The H5 HA1 of the North American vaccine strains exhibited 12% amino acid differences including amino acid changes in the major antigenic sites as compared to the Asian HP H5N1 challenge viruses, serologically exhibited substantial antigenic difference, but still provided 100% protection from mortality. However, challenge virus shedding was significantly higher in chickens immunized with antigenically distinct American lineage vaccines as compared to the antigenically matched Asian rgH5N9 and the wild type Asian H5N7 vaccine. The antibody response to the heterologous subtype neuraminidase proteins were discriminated in vaccinated and infected chickens using a rapid fluorescent 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid sodium salt as substrate for neuraminidase inhibition assay. This study demonstrates the value of using a vaccine containing antigenically matched H5 hemagglutinin for control of HP H5N1 avian influenza in poultry and the potential utility of a heterologous neuraminidase as a DIVA marker. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jadhao, Samadhan J.; Sylte, Matt; Suarez, David L.] Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Lee, Chang-Won] Ohio State Univ, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Lee, Chang-Won] Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Suarez@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture (ARS CRIS [6612-32000-048] FX This work was supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture (ARS CRIS project #6612-32000-048). We thank Suzanne DeBlois and Aniko Zsak for technical assistance. We acknowledge technical assistance of Joyce Bennett, SAA sequencing facility for automated sequencing. We thank Roger Brock for animal care assistance during the experiments. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 19 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 44 BP 6247 EP 6260 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.110 PG 14 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 515QB UT WOS:000271486100022 PM 19686695 ER PT J AU Arthur, TM Keen, JE Bosilevac, JM Brichta-Harhay, DM Kalchayanand, N Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Nou, XW Koohmaraie, M AF Arthur, Terrance M. Keen, James E. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Kalchayanand, Norasak Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Nou, Xiangwu Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Longitudinal Study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a Beef Cattle Feedlot and Role of High-Level Shedders in Hide Contamination SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIRECT PLATING METHODS; PROCESSING PLANT; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; O157-H7; PREVALENCE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; TRANSMISSION; SALMONELLA; SLAUGHTER; CARCASSES AB The objectives of the study described here were (i) to investigate the dynamics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 fecal and hide prevalence over a 9-month period in a feedlot setting and (ii) to determine how animals shedding E. coli O157:H7 at high levels affect the prevalence and levels of E. coli O157:H7 on the hides of other animals in the same pen. Cattle (n = 319) were distributed in 10 adjacent pens, and fecal and hide levels of E. coli O157:H7 were monitored. When the fecal pen prevalence exceeded 20%, the hide pen prevalence was usually (25 of 27 pens) greater than 80%. Sixteen of 19 (84.2%) supershedder (>10(4) CFU/g) pens had a fecal prevalence greater than 20%. Significant associations with hide and high-level hide (>= 40 CFU/100 cm(2)) contamination were identified for (i) a fecal prevalence greater than 20%, (ii) the presence of one or more high-density shedders (>= 200 CFU/g) in a pen, and (iii) the presence of one or more supershedders in a pen. The results presented here suggest that the E. coli O157:H7 fecal prevalence should be reduced below 20% and the levels of shedding should be kept below 200 CFU/g to minimize the contamination of cattle hides. Also, large and unpredictable fluctuations within and between pens in both fecal and hide prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 were detected and should be used as a guide when preharvest studies, particularly preharvest intervention studies, are designed. C1 [Arthur, Terrance M.; Keen, James E.; Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M.; Kalchayanand, Norasak; Shackelford, Steven D.; Wheeler, Tommy L.; Nou, Xiangwu; Koohmaraie, Mohammad] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Keen, James E.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Great Plains Vet Educ Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Arthur, TM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM terrance.arthur@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU The Beef Checkoff FX Names of products are necessary to report available data factually; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of a product, and the use of a name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 30 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 20 BP 6515 EP 6523 DI 10.1128/AEM.00081-09 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 503QD UT WOS:000270552500013 PM 19684164 ER PT J AU Evenhuis, JP LaPatra, SE Verner-Jeffreys, DW Dalsgaard, I Welch, TJ AF Evenhuis, Jason P. LaPatra, Scott E. Verner-Jeffreys, David W. Dalsgaard, Inger Welch, Timothy J. TI Identification of Flagellar Motility Genes in Yersinia ruckeri by Transposon Mutagenesis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GENOME SEQUENCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; PROTEIN; ENTEROCOLITICA; SYSTEM; CONSTRUCTION; BACTERIA; WALBAUM; DISEASE AB Here we demonstrate that flagellar secretion is required for production of secreted lipase activity in the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri and that neither of these activities is necessary for virulence in rainbow trout. Our results suggest a possible mechanism for the emergence of nonmotile biotype 2 Y. ruckeri through the mutational loss of flagellar secretion. C1 [Evenhuis, Jason P.; Welch, Timothy J.] ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [LaPatra, Scott E.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID USA. [Verner-Jeffreys, David W.] Cefas Weymouth Lab, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. [Dalsgaard, Inger] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Sect Fish Dis Lab, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark. RP Welch, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tim.welch@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 20 BP 6630 EP 6633 DI 10.1128/AEM.01415-09 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 503QD UT WOS:000270552500028 PM 19700548 ER PT J AU Rhoton, FE Bennett, SJ AF Rhoton, Fred E. Bennett, Sean J. TI Soil and sediment properties affecting the accumulation of mercury in a flood control reservoir SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Land-use; Clay contents; Organic carbon; Iron oxides; Mercury ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; NORTH GEORGIA; TRANSPORT; RIVER; FISH; USA; CONTAMINATION; MISSISSIPPI; DEPOSITION; CARBON AB Mercury accumulations in some fish species from Grenada Lake in north Mississippi exceed the Food and Drug Administration standards for human consumption. This large flood control reservoir serves as a sink for the Skuna and Yalobusha River watersheds whose highly erodible soils contribute to excessively high sediment yields and impaired water quality. This study was conducted to characterize the distribution of total Hg in watershed soils and determine the relationship between the easily transportable clay, organic C (OC), and Fe oxide fractions and the movement of Hg from upland sources to reservoir sinks. Cores were collected from soils, of different land-use, representative of the three soil orders (Alfisols, Entisols. and Vertisols) found in the watersheds. Sediment cores were collected from the Yalobusha River and Grenada Lake. In the laboratory, soil cores were sampled by horizon while sediment cores were sampled in 10 cm increments. These samples were characterized for total Hg, particle size distribution. OC, Fe oxide contents, and pH. Mercury concentrations ranged from 10 to 112 mu g kg(-1) in the soil profiles, with average regression coefficient (r(2)) values of 0.104, 0.362, and 0.06 for Hg versus clay, CC, and Fe oxides, respectively. River sediment cores had Hg concentrations ranging from 0 to 38 mu g kg(-1), and significant (1% level) r(2) values of 0.611, 0.447, and 0.632 versus clay, OC, and Fe oxides, respectively. Mercury concentrations in the lake sediment ranged from 0 to 125 mu g kg(-1). The r(2) values for Hg versus clay, OC, and Fe oxides in the lake sediment were 0.813, 0.499, and 0.805, respectively. all significant at the 1% level. These results indicate that total Hg is poorly correlated with the clay, OC, and Fe oxide fractions at depth in the soil profiles because maximum Hg concentrations occur in the surface horizons due to atmospheric in-fall. The statistically significant r(2) values for Hg versus these components in the sediment cores are the result of particulate clay, Fe oxides, and finely divided OC sorption of Hg from solution during the runoff and sediment transport process. The higher correlations for the lake sediment reflect an enrichment of the Hg-laden clay fraction relative to stream sediment through flocculation and sedimentation processes in the slack-water environment of the reservoir. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rhoton, Fred E.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Bennett, Sean J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. RP Rhoton, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM fred.rhoton@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2009.05.004 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 504EO UT WOS:000270598400006 ER PT J AU Beskow, S Mello, CR Norton, LD Curi, N Viola, MR Avanzi, JC AF Beskow, S. Mello, C. R. Norton, L. D. Curi, N. Viola, M. R. Avanzi, J. C. TI Soil erosion prediction in the Grande River Basin, Brazil using distributed modeling SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Simulation; Erosion; USLE; GIS; Soil conservation ID SEDIMENT YIELD; LOSS EQUATION; GIS; USLE; CATCHMENT; TURKEY; GEOWEPP; LISEM; SCALE; RISK AB Mapping and assessment of erosion risk is an important tool for planning of natural resources management, allowing researchers to modify land-use properly and implement management strategies more sustainable in the long-term. The Grande River Basin (GRB), located in Minas Gerais State, is one of the Planning Units for Management of Water Resources (UPGRH) and is divided into seven smaller units of UPGRH. GD1 is one of them that is essential for the future development of Minas Gerais State due to its high water yield capacity and potential for electric energy production. The objective of this study is to apply the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) with GIS PCRaster in order to estimate potential soil loss from the Grande River Basin upstream from the ltutinga/Camargos Hydroelectric Plant Reservoir (GD1), allowing identification of the susceptible areas to water erosion and estimate of the sediment delivery ratio for the adoption of land management so that further soil loss can be minimized. For the LISLE model, the following factors were used: rainfall-runoff erosivity (R), erodibility (K). topographic (LS), cover-management (C) and support practice (P). The Fournier Index was applied to estimate R for the basin using six pluviometric stations. Maps of the K, C, LS and P factors were derived from the digital elevation model (DEM). and soil and land-use maps, taking into account information available in the literature. In order to validate the simulation process, Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) was estimated, which is based on transported sediment (TS) to basin outlet and mean soil loss in the basin (MSL). The SDR calculation included data (total solids in the water and respective discharge) between 1996 and 2003 which were measured at a gauging station located on the Grande River and a daily flow data set was obtained from the Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA). It was possible to validate the erosion process based on the USLE and SDR application for the basin conditions, since absolute errors of estimate were low. The major area of the basin (about 53%) had an average annual soil loss of less than 5 t ha(-1) yr(-1). With the results obtained we were able to conclude that 49% of the overall basin presently has soil loss greater than the tolerable rate, thus indicating that there are zones where the erosion process is critical, meaning that both management and land-use have not been used appropriately in these areas of the basin. The methodology applied showed acceptable precision and allowed identification of the most susceptible areas to water erosion, constituting an important predictive tool for soil and environmental management in this region, which is highly relevant for prediction of varying development scenarios for Minas Gerais State due to its hydroelectric energy potential. This approach can be applied to other areas for simple, reliable identification of critical areas of soil erosion in watersheds. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Beskow, S.; Mello, C. R.; Viola, M. R.] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Agr Engn, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. [Norton, L. D.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Curi, N.; Avanzi, J. C.] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Soil Sci, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. RP Beskow, S (reprint author), Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Agr Engn, CP 3037, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. EM samuel_beskow@yahoo.com.br RI de Mello, Carlos/G-5821-2012; Avanzi, Junior/A-4659-2010; Viola, Marcelo/F-7019-2012 OI de Mello, Carlos/0000-0002-6033-5342; Avanzi, Junior/0000-0003-2455-0325; FU CNPQ [472274/2007-4] FX The authors thank CNPQ for financial support of the research project number 472274/2007-4 and scholarships to the first and second authors. Furthermore, we would like to thank the Brazilian Water Agency (ANA) and Minas Gerais Water Resources Management Institute (IGAM) for the data sets used in this research. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions which surely improved the paper. NR 49 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 6 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2009.05.010 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 504EO UT WOS:000270598400007 ER PT J AU Nave, LE Vance, ED Swanston, CW Curtis, PS AF Nave, L. E. Vance, E. D. Swanston, C. W. Curtis, P. S. TI Impacts of elevated N inputs on north temperate forest soil C storage, C/N, and net N-mineralization SO GEODERMA LA English DT Review DE North temperate forest; Nitrogen inputs; Soil carbon; Soil nitrogen; Meta-analysis ID CHRONIC NITROGEN ADDITIONS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS L.; DOUGLAS-FIR STANDS; RED ALDER; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; UREA FERTILIZATION; ADJACENT CONIFER; HARDWOOD FORESTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Nitrogen (N) availability influences carbon (C) storage in forest soils through effects on plant growth, litter production, and soil C decomposition and stabilization. Soil C/N and net N-mineralization are commonly reported empirical measures of soil N availability, and changes in these variables due to N inputs may feed back to soil C storage through a variety of biotic and abiotic pathways. We conducted a meta-analysis of the responses of soil C storage, C/N, and net N-mineralization (N-min) to N inputs in north temperate forests. The modes of N addition we considered were the establishment of N-fixing vegetation (N-fix), N-fertilization (N-fert), and simulated chronic N deposition (N-dep). Overall, N inputs increased soil C (+7.7%) and N-min (+62%), while decreasing C/N (-4.9%). Soil C concentrations and C storage (pool sizes) responded similarly to N inputs, although increased soil C storage occurred only in the mineral soil (+12.2%). C/N shifts were restricted to the forest floor (-7.8%), whereas forest floor and mineral soil N-min responses to N inputs were very similar (+61% and +64%, respectively). Significant between-study variation in the effects of N inputs on soil parameters was related to the mode of N addition, biogeographic factors, and time. Temporal relationships between N inputs and soil response parameters suggested that increases in forest floor and mineral soil N-min were large but transient, and were followed by decadal-scale changes in forest floor C/N and mineral soil C storage. Temporal patterns present in the dataset could have been due to changes in soil organic matter decomposition and stabilization, or increased plant productivity and litter inputs. In either case, the results of this study quantitatively demonstrate that managing forest N supply affects N availability and soil C storage, and highlight the importance of long-term measurements for accurately assessing the effects of N inputs on forest soils. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nave, L. E.] Univ Michigan, Biol Stn, Pellston, MI 49769 USA. [Nave, L. E.; Curtis, P. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Vance, E. D.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27703 USA. [Swanston, C. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Nave, LE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Biol Stn, 9133 Biol Rd, Pellston, MI 49769 USA. EM lukenave@umich.edu; evance@ncasi.org; cswanston@fs.fed.us; curtis.7@osu.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station [06-JV-11242300-145] FX This research is supported by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Award No. 06-JV-11242300-145. The authors wish to thank A. Friend for conceptual contributions during the inception of this meta-analysis project, B. Leach for helping with the development of a literature searching strategy, and A. Talhelm for comments during analysis and manuscript preparation. NR 117 TC 55 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 102 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.012 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510NB UT WOS:000271094200024 ER PT J AU Wang, SP Zhang, ZQ Sun, G McNulty, SG Zhang, ML AF Wang, Shengping Zhang, Zhiqiang Sun, Ge McNulty, Steven G. Zhang, Manliang TI Detecting water yield variability due to the small proportional land use and land cover changes in a watershed on the Loess Plateau, China SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE small proportional land use and land cover change (SPLULCC); prediction interval; water yield; small watershed; the Loess Plateau ID AVERAGE ANNUAL STREAMFLOW; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; RIVER-BASIN; CATCHMENT; AFFORESTATION; VEGETATION; REDUCTION; IMPACTS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; FORESTS AB Soil conservation practices have been widely implemented oil the Loess Plateau to reduce severe soil erosion in north-central China over the past three decades. However, the hydrologic impacts of these practices are not well documented and understood. The objective of this study was to examine how water yield has changed after implementing soil conservation practices that resulted in changes in land use and land cover in a small agriculture-dominated watershed, the LuErGou Watershed in Tianshui City, Gansu Province, China. We collected 23 years of hydro-meteorological data along with three land use surveys of 1982, 1989, and 2000. The land use survey in 2000 suggested that the soil conservation efforts resulted in a 16.6%, 4%, and 16% increase in area of grassland, forested land, and terraces respectively over the two periods from 1982 to 1988 (baseline) and 1989 to 2003 (soil conservation measures implemented). Rainfall-runoff regression models developed for both time periods at the annual and monthly time steps were used to examine the significance of change in water yield in the second time period. The averaged annual run-off coefficient over 1989-2003 did not change significantly (at the alpha = 0.05 level) as compared to that in the period 1982-1988. However, we found that soil conservation practices that included re-vegetation and terracing reduced water yield during wet periods. This study highlights the importance of the precipitation regime in regulating hydrologic effects of soil conservation measures in a semi-and environment. We concluded that adequately evaluating the effects of land use change and soil conservation measures on water yield Must consider the climatic variability under an and environment. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wang, Shengping; Zhang, Zhiqiang] Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab Soil & Water Conservat & Desertificat Com, Minist Educ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven G.] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Zhang, Manliang] Minist Water Resources China, Yellow River Water Conservancy Comm, Tianshui Soil & Water Conservat Stn, Tianshui, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, ZQ (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab Soil & Water Conservat & Desertificat Com, Minist Educ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Qinghua E Rd 35, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM Zhqzhang@bjfu.edu.cn FU Ministry of Science and Technology, P.R. China [2006BAD03A0202]; USDA Forest Service, Raleigh, NC, USA FX The authors acknowledge the financial Support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, P.R. China through China National Scientific and Technical Innovation Research Project for the 11th Five Year Planning(Grant No. 2006BAD03A0202). Partial support was from the Southern Global Change Program of the USDA Forest Service, Raleigh, NC, USA. The insightful comments of two anonymous reviewers are greatly acknowledged for improving our original manuscript. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 28 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 21 BP 3083 EP 3092 DI 10.1002/hyp.7420 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 508ML UT WOS:000270935400009 ER PT J AU Regazzoni, L Panusa, A Yeum, KJ Carini, M Aldini, G AF Regazzoni, Luca Panusa, Alessia Yeum, Kyung-Jin Carini, Marina Aldini, Giancarlo TI Hemoglobin glutathionylation can occur through cysteine sulfenic acid intermediate: Electrospray ionization LTQ-Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometry studies SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Hemoglobin glutathionylation; Cys beta 93; Sulfenic acid; Mass spectrometry; Orbitrap ID HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; S-GLUTATHIONYLATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROTEIN GLUTATHIONYLATION; ERYTHROCYTES; MECHANISMS; BLOOD AB Glutathionylated hemoglobin (Hb-SSG) is now recognized as a promising biomarker of systemic oxidative stress. Aim of this study is to gain a mechanistic insight into its formation. The ability of GSSG to form Hb-SSG through a thiol-disulfide exchange mechanism was firstly examined. For this purpose, GSSG (ranging from 0.23 to 230 mu mol/g Hb, 15 mu M-15 mM final concentrations) was incubated with 1 mM Hb and the relative content of Hb-SSG determined by direct infusion mass spectrometry (Orbitrap as analyzer). No detectable Hb-SSG was observed at a GSSG concentration range found in physiopathological conditions (0.13-0.23 mu mol/g Hb). To reach a detectable Hb-SSG signal, the GSSG concentration was raised to 2.3 mu mol/g Hb (0.5% relative abundance). The relative content of Hb-GSSC dose-dependently increased to 6% and 11% at 77 and 153 mu mol/g Hb, respectively. The second step was to demonstrate whether Hb-SSG is formed through a sulfenic acid intermediate, a well-recognized mechanism of S-protein glutathionylation. Cys beta 93 sulfenic acid was found to be formed by oxidizing Hb with 1 mM H(2)O(2), as demonstrated by direct infusion and LC-ESI-MS/MS experiments and using dimedone as derivatazing agent. When H(2)O(2)-treated Hb was incubated with physiological concentrations of GSH (9 mu mol/g Hb), the corresponding Hb-SSG form was detected, reaching 15% of relative abundance. In summary, we here demonstrate that Hb glutathionylation can occur through a Cys sulfenic acid intermediate which is formed in oxidizing conditions. Hb glutathionylation is also mediated by a thiol-disulfide transfer mechanism, but this requires a concentration of GSSG which is far to be achieved in physiopathoiogical conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Regazzoni, Luca; Panusa, Alessia; Carini, Marina; Aldini, Giancarlo] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Farmaceut Pietro Pratesi, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Panusa, Alessia] Ist Super Sanita, Dipartimento Farmaco, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Yeum, Kyung-Jin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Aldini, G (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Farmaceut Pietro Pratesi, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM giancarlo.aldini@unimi.it RI Regazzoni, Luca/D-4212-2014; CARINI, MARINA/D-3084-2015 OI Regazzoni, Luca/0000-0001-7199-7141; aldini, giancarlo/0000-0002-2355-6744; CARINI, MARINA/0000-0003-3407-5425 FU University of Milan; MIUR; BioGreen 21 Program [20070301034009]; Rural Development Administration, Korea; Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) FX This work was supported by funds from University of Milan (PUR 2007, 2008) and from MIUR (PRIN 2007) and by the BioGreen 21 Program (Code #20070301034009), Rural Development Administration, Korea. A. Panusa was financially supported by the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS). NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD OCT 15 PY 2009 VL 877 IS 28 BP 3456 EP 3461 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.020 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 502TT UT WOS:000270483800021 PM 19493711 ER PT J AU Jackson, AS Ellis, KJ McFarlin, BK Sailors, MH Bray, MS AF Jackson, Andrew S. Ellis, Kenneth J. McFarlin, Brian K. Sailors, Mary H. Bray, Molly S. TI Body mass index bias in defining obesity of diverse young adults: the Training Intervention and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) Study SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Percentage body fat; BMI; Overweight; Obesity; Diversity ID HERITAGE FAMILY; UNITED-STATES; ETHNIC-GROUPS; FAT; OVERWEIGHT; PERCENTAGE; AGE; SEX; UNDERWEIGHT; FATNESS AB The BMI cut-score used to define overweight and obesity was derived primarily using data from Caucasian men and women. The present study evaluated the racial/ethnic bias of BMI to estimate the adiposity of young men and women (aged 17-35 years) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) determination of percentage body fat (DXA-BF%) as the referent standard. The samples were 806 women and 509 men who were tested from one to three times over 9 months providing 1300 observations for women and 820 observations for men. Linear mixed models (LMM) regression showed that with age and BMI controlled, DXA-BF% of African-American (AA) men and women, Asian-Indian men and women, Hispanic women and Asian women significantly differed from non-Hispanic white (NHW) men and women. For the same BMI of NHW women, the DXA-BF% of AA women was 1.76 % lower, but higher for Hispanic (1.65 %), Asian (2-65 %) and Asian-Indian (5-98 %) women. For the same BMI of NHW men, DXA-BF% of AA men was 4-59 % lower and 4.29 % higher for Asian-Indian men. Using the recommended BMI cut-scores to define overweight and obesity systematically overestimated overweight and obesity prevalence for AA men and women, and underestimated prevalence for Asian-Indian men and women, Asian women and Hispanic women. The present study extends the generalisability of research documenting the racial/ethnic bias of the universal overweight and obesity BMI cut-scores. C1 [Jackson, Andrew S.; McFarlin, Brian K.] Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Ellis, Kenneth J.; Sailors, Mary H.; Bray, Molly S.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. RP Jackson, AS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, 3855 Holman St, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM udde@mac.com FU National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health [R01-DK062148]; USDA; ARS [6250-51000-046] FX Support for the present study was provided by the National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health grant R01-DK062148 and by USDA/ARS contract 6250-51000-046. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 7 BP 1084 EP 1090 DI 10.1017/S0007114509325738 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 507PG UT WOS:000270866100020 PM 19344545 ER PT J AU Harnly, JM Pastor-Corrales, MA Luthria, DL AF Harnly, James M. Pastor-Corrales, Marcial A. Luthria, Devanand L. TI Variance in the Chemical Composition of Dry Beans Determined from UV Spectral Fingerprints SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nine common beans; Phaseolus vulgaris L.; spectral fingerprinting; multiple locations; analysis of variance; principal component analysis; ANOVA- PCA; UV spectrometry ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PLANT MATERIALS; METABOLOMICS; EXTRACTS; TOOL AB Nine varieties of dry beans representing five market classes were grown in three locations (Maryland, Michigan, and Nebraska), and subsamples were collected for each variety (row composites from each plot). Aqueous methanol extracts of ground beans were analyzed in triplicate by UV spectrophotometry. Analysis of variance-principal component analysis was used to quantify the relative variance arising from location, variety, between rows of plants, and analytical uncertainty and to test the significance of differences in the chemical composition. Statistically significant differences were observed between all three locations, between all nine varieties, and between rows for each variety. PCA score plots placed the nine varieties in four categories that corresponded with known taxonomic groupings: (1) black beans (cv. Jaguar and cv. T-39), (2) pinto beans (cv. Buster and cv. Othello), (3) small red beans (cv. Merlot), and (4) great northern (cv. Matterhorn and cv. Weihing) and navy (cv. Seahawk and cv. Vista) beans. The relative plant-to-plant variance, estimated from the between row variance, was 71-79% for 25-40 plants per row. C1 [Harnly, James M.; Luthria, Devanand L.] Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pastor-Corrales, Marcial A.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Luthria, DL (reprint author), Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM d.luthria@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 19 BP 8705 EP 8710 DI 10.1021/jf900852y PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 502LM UT WOS:000270461500001 PM 19731933 ER PT J AU Khanal, RC Howard, LR Prior, RL AF Khanal, Ramesh C. Howard, Luke R. Prior, Ronald L. TI Procyanidin Composition of Selected Fruits and Fruit Byproducts Is Affected by Extraction Method and Variety SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Procyanidins; grape seed; grape pomace; cranberry; blueberry; extraction method; variety ID B2 EPICATECHIN-(4-BETA-8)-EPICATECHIN; GRAPE SEEDS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; POLYPHENOLS; RATS; CONSUMPTION; EXPRESSION; TANNINS; FOODS AB Fruits and fruit byproducts are rich sources of polyphenols, including procyanidins, which are known to have numerous potential health benefits. This study investigated if varietal differences existed in the procyanidin composition of grape seed and if soaking in extraction solvent overnight prior to extraction improved the recovery of procyanidins from grape seed, grape pomace, and blueberry and cranberry powders. Riesling contained the highest amount of procyanidins, including the lower molecular weight monomers and dimers, followed by Chardonnay (60%), whereas Merlot contained much lower levels (14%) of individual and total procyanidins. A modified method of extraction whereby selected fruits and fruit byproducts were soaked in the extraction solvent overnight before the extraction process was begun increased procyanidins extracted by 24-100% from grape seeds and by 0-30% with berry procyanidin sources. The results indicate a wide variation in the procyanidin contents among different varieties of grape seeds that could have implications in the selection of procyanidin-rich germplasm. Soaking samples in the extraction solvent for 16 h resulted in increased procyanidins extracted and thus higher calculated concentrations in the food samples tested. C1 [Khanal, Ramesh C.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu FX This work was partially funded by an Arkansas Biosciences Institute grant. Mention of a trade name, Proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitutr a guarantee by the US Departmeht of Agriculture and does not imply its appoval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 19 BP 8839 EP 8843 DI 10.1021/jf9015398 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 502LM UT WOS:000270461500020 PM 19722520 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, Jae B. TI Isolation and Characterization of N-Feruloyltyramine as the P-Selectin Expression Suppressor from Garlic (Allium sativum) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Allium sativum (garlic); N-feruloyltyramine; COX inhibition; platelet activation; P-selectin ID PHENYLPROPENOIC ACID-AMIDES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PLATELET; THROMBOSIS; COAGULATION; ACTIVATION; NUTRITION; PLASMA; CELLS AB Garlic (Allium sativum) is a medicinal and culinary plant reported to have several positive health effects on cardiovascular-diseases, particularly via suppressing platelet activation. Therefore, active compounds inhibiting platelet activation were isolated from garlic extract using a P-selectin expression suppressing activity-guided fractionation technique. Garlic cloves were extracted with methanol, sequentially partitioned using ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The ethyl acetate portion was fractionated using silica gel chromatography. The fraction with highest P-selectin expression suppressing activity was further purified using HPLC, and the compounds in the fraction were analyzed using MS,. MS/MS, and NMR spectroscopic methods. Using NMR spectroscopy, the compound with highest suppressing activity was confirmed as N-feruloyltyramine. At the concentration of 0.05 mu M, N-feruloyltyramine was able to suppress P-selectin expression on platelets by 31% (P < 0.016). Since COX enzymes are deeply involved in the regulation of P-selectin expression on platelets, potential effects of N-feruloyltyramine on COX enzymes were investigated. As expected at the concentration of 0.05,mu M, N-feruloyltyramine was found to be a very potent compound able to inhibit COX-I and -II enzymes by 43% (P < 0.012) and 33% (P < 0.014), respectively. N-Feruloyltyramine is likely to inhibit COX enzymes, thereby suppressing P-selectin expression on platelets. C1 USDA ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, BHNRC, Bldg 307C,Room 131, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jae.park@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 19 BP 8868 EP 8872 DI 10.1021/jf9018382 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 502LM UT WOS:000270461500024 PM 19807156 ER PT J AU Bellaloui, N Abbas, HK Gillen, AM Abel, CA AF Bellaloui, Nacer Abbas, Hamed K. Gillen, Anne M. Abel, Craig A. TI Effect of Glyphosate-Boron Application on Seed Composition and Nitrogen Metabolism in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Boron; glyphosate; nitrogen assimilation; nitrogen fixation; seed composition; soybean ID AZOMETHINE-H METHOD; GLYCINE-MAX; ACID-COMPOSITION; FIXATION; IRRIGATION; HERBICIDES; MANGANESE; PLANTS; TRANSLOCATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of glyphosate (Gly) alone, boron (B) alone, and Gly-B combined on seed composition and nitrogen metabolism in glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). No Gly and no B application plants were used as control (C). Results showed that Gly, Gly-B, or B applications increased protein, oleic acid, and total amino acid concentrations in seed. However, oil and linolenic acid concentrations decreased under those treatments compared with the nontreated control. Gly-B combined or B treatments increased B concentration in leaves and seed, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), and nitrogenase activity and resulted in a significant positive correlation between B concentration in leaves and NRA (r = 0.54; P < 0.0001) and B concentration in leaves and nitrogenase activity (r = 0.35; P = 0.005). The results suggest that Gly-B tank mixing may not antagonize B uptake and translocation to leaves and seeds, and the inhibitory effect of Gly on nutrient uptake and translocation may depend on the ion species and form of the nutrient mixed with Gly. These results demonstrate that Gly-B application alters seed composition, nitrogen metabolism, and B status in leaves and seed. C1 [Bellaloui, Nacer; Abbas, Hamed K.; Gillen, Anne M.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Abel, Craig A.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bellaloui, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM nacer.bellaloui@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 19 BP 9050 EP 9056 DI 10.1021/jf901801z PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 502LM UT WOS:000270461500047 PM 19769369 ER PT J AU Qin, RJ Gao, SD Ajwa, H Hanson, BD Trout, TJ Wang, D Guo, MX AF Qin, Ruijun Gao, Suduan Ajwa, Husein Hanson, Bradley D. Trout, Thomas J. Wang, Dong Guo, Mingxin TI Interactive Effect of Organic Amendment and Environmental Factors on Degradation of 1,3-Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin in Soil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fumigant degradation; organic material; soil moisture; temperature; sterilization; soil texture ID METHYL-BROMIDE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; AMENDED SOIL; FUMIGANT DEGRADATION; ENHANCED DEGRADATION; EMISSIONS; ISOTHIOCYANATE; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; MATTER AB Soil organic matter is an important factor affecting the fate of soil fumigants; therefore, the addition of organic amendments to surface soils could reduce fumigant emissions by accelerating fumigant degradation. Experiments were conducted to determine the degradation of fumigants [a mixture of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP), a similar composition as in Telone C35] in soils with organic amendment under a range of soil moisture, temperature, sterilization, and texture conditions. Degradation of the fumigants followed availability-adjusted first-order or pseudo-first-order kinetics with slower degradation of 1,3-D than CP. Increasing soil water content from 5 to 17.5% (w/w) slightly increased the degradation of 1,3-D, but not that of CP. Five different organic amendments at 5% (w/w) increased fumigant degradation 1.4-6.3-fold in this study. The degradation of both fumigants was accelerated with increasing amount of organic material (OM). Little interaction between soil moisture and OM was observed. Autoclave sterilization of soils did not reduce degradation of either fumigant; however, increasing the incubation temperature from 10 to 45 degrees C accelerated fumigant degradation 5-14 times. Soil texture did not affect 1,3-D degradation, but CP degraded more rapidly in finer-textured soil. These results suggest that OM type and rate and soil temperature are the most important factors affecting the degradation of 1,3-D and CP. C1 [Qin, Ruijun; Ajwa, Husein] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Qin, Ruijun; Gao, Suduan; Hanson, Bradley D.; Wang, Dong] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Guo, Mingxin] Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Qin, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM ruijun.qin@ars.usda.gov RI Qin, Ruijun/F-3469-2011; OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 FU California Department of Food and Agriculture; California Strawberry Commission FX This stud), was supported by the California Department of Food and Agriculture and the California Strawberry Commission. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 19 BP 9063 EP 9070 DI 10.1021/jf901737a PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 502LM UT WOS:000270461500049 PM 19722521 ER PT J AU McMeeking, GR Kreidenweis, SM Baker, S Carrico, CM Chow, JC Collett, JL Hao, WM Holden, AS Kirchstetter, TW Malm, WC Moosmuller, H Sullivan, AP Wold, CE AF McMeeking, Gavin R. Kreidenweis, Sonia M. Baker, Stephen Carrico, Christian M. Chow, Judith C. Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr. Hao, Wei Min Holden, Amanda S. Kirchstetter, Thomas W. Malm, William C. Moosmueller, Hans Sullivan, Amy P. Wold, Cyle E. TI Emissions of trace gases and aerosols during the open combustion of biomass in the laboratory SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; FINE-PARTICLE EMISSIONS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PRESCRIBED CHAPARRAL FIRE; UNITED-STATES; ORGANIC AEROSOL; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; BURNING EMISSIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB We characterized the gas- and speciated aerosol-phase emissions from the open combustion of 33 different plant species during a series of 255 controlled laboratory burns during the Fire Laboratory at Missoula Experiments (FLAME). The plant species we tested were chosen to improve the existing database for U. S. domestic fuels: laboratory-based emission factors have not previously been reported for many commonly burned species that are frequently consumed by fires near populated regions and protected scenic areas. The plants we tested included the chaparral species chamise, manzanita, and ceanothus, and species common to the southeastern United States (common reed, hickory, kudzu, needlegrass rush, rhododendron, cord grass, sawgrass, titi, and wax myrtle). Fire-integrated emission factors for gas- phase CO2, CO, CH4, C2-4 hydrocarbons, NH3, SO2, NO, NO2, HNO3, and particle-phase organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, Na+, K+, and NH4+ generally varied with both fuel type and with the fire-integrated modified combustion efficiency (MCE), a measure of the relative importance of flaming- and smoldering-phase combustion to the total emissions during the burn. Chaparral fuels tended to emit less particulate OC per unit mass of dry fuel than did other fuel types, whereas southeastern species had some of the largest observed emission factors for total fine particulate matter. Our measurements spanned a larger range of MCE than prior studies, and thus help to improve estimates of the variation of emissions with combustion conditions for individual fuels. C1 [McMeeking, Gavin R.; Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Carrico, Christian M.; Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr.; Holden, Amanda S.; Sullivan, Amy P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Baker, Stephen; Hao, Wei Min; Wold, Cyle E.] US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Chow, Judith C.; Moosmueller, Hans] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Kirchstetter, Thomas W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Malm, William C.] Colorado State Univ, Natl Pk Serv, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP McMeeking, GR (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM gavin.mcmeeking@manchester.ac.uk RI McMeeking, Gavin/A-7679-2008; Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Moosmuller, Hans/F-8250-2011; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011; OI McMeeking, Gavin/0000-0001-9782-3713; Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914; Moosmuller, Hans/0000-0002-1021-8877 FU Joint Fire Science Program under Project JFSP [05-3-1-06]; U. S. Department of Agriculture; National Park Service [J2350-07-5181]; U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Western Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research FX FLAME was supported by the Joint Fire Science Program under Project JFSP 05-3-1-06, which is funded by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, by the National Park Service (J2350-07-5181) and by the U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Western Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research. We thank R. Cullin, D. Day, G. Engling, and L. Mazzoleni for their assistance in collecting samples and P. Freeborn, E. Lincoln, and the FSL staff for their help during the burns. We also thank C. McDade and L. Ashbaugh for their assistance with the IMPROVE samplers and data. FLAME fuels were provided by M. Chandler, J. Chong, D. Davis, G. Engling, G. Gonzalez, S. Grace, J. Hinkley, R. Jandt, R. Moore, S. Mucci, R. Olson, K. Outcalt, J. Reardon, K. Robertson, P. Spaine, and D. Weise. We also thank R. Sullivan and E. Levin for proofreading the manuscript. GRM was supported by a Graduate Research Environmental Fellowship (GREF) from the U. S. Department of Energy's Global Change Education Program (GCEP). The manuscript has benefited immensely from the comments of three anonymous reviewers, and we thank them for their contributions. NR 108 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 15 U2 86 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D19210 DI 10.1029/2009JD011836 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 508OU UT WOS:000270943500002 ER PT J AU Joseph, J Cole, G Head, E Ingram, D AF Joseph, James Cole, Greg Head, Elizabeth Ingram, Donald TI Nutrition, Brain Aging, and Neurodegeneration SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID CALORIE RESTRICTION MIMETICS; BLUEBERRY SUPPLEMENTED DIET; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME-ACTIVITY; ALZHEIMER MOUSE MODEL; LONG-TERM TREATMENT; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; REACTIVE OXYGEN; AGED RATS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BEHAVIORAL ENRICHMENT AB The onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases superimposed on a declining nervous system could enhance the motor and cognitive behavioral deficits that normally occur in senescence. It is likely that, in cases of severe deficits in memory or motor function, hospitalization and/or custodial care would be a likely outcome. This means that unless some way is found to reduce these age-related decrements in neuronal function, health care costs will continue to rise exponentially. Applying molecular biological approaches to slow aging in the human condition may be years away. So, it is important to determine what methods can be used today to increase healthy aging, forestall the onset of these diseases, and create conditions favorable to obtaining a "longevity dividend" in both financial and human terms. Recent studies suggest that consumption of diets rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory components such as those found in fruits, nuts, vegetables, and spices, or even reduced caloric intake, may lower age-related cognitive declines and the risk of developing neurodegenerative disease. C1 [Joseph, James] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Cole, Greg] Vet Adm Med Ctr, Geriatr Ctr, Sepulveda, CA 91343 USA. [Cole, Greg] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Sepulveda, CA 91343 USA. [Head, Elizabeth] Univ Kentucky, Sanders Brown Ctr Aging, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Cole, Greg] Vet Adm Med Ctr, Educ Ctr, Sepulveda, CA 91343 USA. [Cole, Greg] Vet Adm Med Ctr, Ctr Clin, Sepulveda, CA 91343 USA. RP Joseph, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM james.joseph@tufts.edu NR 125 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 21 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 29 IS 41 BP 12795 EP 12801 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3520-09.2009 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 507IF UT WOS:000270845000012 PM 19828791 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, J. P. TI Toxoplasmosis in pigs-The last 20 years SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Toxoplasma gondii; Pigs; Abortion; Transmission; Epidemiology; Control ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED-PIGS; TRANSPLACENTALLY-INDUCED TOXOPLASMOSIS; MODIFIED AGGLUTINATION-TEST; CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY; GONDII INFECTION; SUS-SCROFA; RISK-FACTORS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; SWINE FARMS; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AB Pigs are important to the economy of many countries because they are a source of food for humans. Infected pig meat is a source of Toxoplasma gondii infection for humans and animals in many countries. This parasite also causes mortality in pigs, especially neonatal pigs. Most pigs acquire T gondii infection postnatally by ingestion of oocysts from contaminated environment or ingestion of infected tissues of animals. Few pigs become infected prenatally by transplacental transmission of the parasite. Raising pigs indoors in confinement has greatly reduced T gondii infection in pigs but the recent trend of organic farming is likely to increase T gondii infection in pigs. Recently, feeding goat whey to pigs was found to be a risk factor for T gondii infection in organically raised pigs. Currently used molecular and histopathological methods are insensitive for the detection of T. gondii in pork because of the low concentration of the parasite in meat destined for human consumption. There is no vaccine to prevent T gondii infection in pigs but efforts are being continued to develop a non-viable vaccine. In the present paper, information on prevalence, transmission, diagnosis, and control of porcine toxoplasmosis in the last 20 years (since 1988 when last reviewed by this author) is reviewed. Worldwide reports of clinical and asymptomatic infections in pigs are reviewed. Methods to detect T gondii in pigs are compared. Recent studies on genetic typing of T. gondii strains prevalent in pigs are discussed with respect to epidemiology. Because wild pigs are hunted for food for human consumption prevalence in wild pigs is summarized. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 155 TC 99 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 164 IS 2-4 BP 89 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.05.018 PG 15 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 509XP UT WOS:000271052900001 PM 19559531 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Santin, M AF Fayer, Ronald Santin, Monica TI Cryptosporidium xiaoi n. sp (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in sheep (Ovis aries) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE New species; Taxonomy; Cryptosporidiosis; Transmission; Molecular ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; DEER-LIKE GENOTYPE; CATTLE BOS-TAURUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; UNITED-KINGDOM; PUBLIC-HEALTH; GOAT KIDS; PREVALENCE; GIARDIA; BOVIS AB A new species, Cryptosporidium xiaoi, is described from sheep. Oocysts of C. xiaoi, previously identified as the Cryptosporidium bovis-like genotype or as C bovis from sheep in Spain, Tunisia, United Kingdom, and the United States are recorded as such in GenBank (EU408314-EU408317, EU327318-EU327320, EF362478, EF514234, DQ991389, and EF158461). Oocysts obtained from naturally infected sheep were infectious for a lamb and oocysts from that lamb were infectious for three other lambs. The prepatent period for C xiaoi in these four Cryptosporidium-naive lambs was 7-8 days and the patent period was 13-15 days. Oocysts are similar to those of C. bovis but slightly smaller, measuring 2.944.41 mu m x 2.94-4.41 mu m (mean = 3.94 mu m x 3.44 mu m) with a length/width shape index of 1.15 (n = 25). Oocysts of C. xioai were not infectious for BALB/c mice, Bos taurus calves, or Capra aegagrus hircus kids. Fragments of the SSU-rDNA, HSP-70, and actin genes were amplified by PCR, purified, and PCR products were sequenced. The new species was distinct from all other Cryptosporidium species as demonstrated by multi-locus analysis of the 3 unlinked loci. Based on morphological, molecular and biological data, this geographically widespread parasite found in Ovis aries is recognized as a new species and is named C. xiaoi. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Fayer, Ronald; Santin, Monica] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ronald.fayer@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 164 IS 2-4 BP 192 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.05.011 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 509XP UT WOS:000271052900013 PM 19501967 ER PT J AU Al-Qassab, S Reichel, MP Su, CL Jenkins, D Hall, C Windsor, PA Dubey, JP Ellis, J AF Al-Qassab, Sarwat Reichel, Michael P. Su, Chunlei Jenkins, David Hall, Craig Windsor, Peter A. Dubey, J. P. Ellis, John TI Isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from the brain of a dog in Australia and its biological and molecular characterization SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma; Dog; Isolation; Genotyping; Australia; Congenital transmission ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; PREVALENCE; STRAINS; TISSUES; CATS AB Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the brain of a young dog for the first time in Australia. The identity of the parasite was confirmed by PCR, Western blotting, electron microscopy and cat bioassay. Genotyping of the isolate (TgDgAu1) was determined by PCR-RFLP markers that showed it to be a Type 11 strain. Western blotting demonstrated the presence of IgM antibodies to T. gondii suggesting the bitch was probably infected during pregnancy and the T. gondii was transmitted to the pups congenitally. We believe this represents the first description of a natural case of congenital transmission of T gondii in the dog. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Al-Qassab, Sarwat; Reichel, Michael P.; Ellis, John] Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Med & Mol Biosci, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. [Su, Chunlei] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jenkins, David] Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Anim & Vet Sci, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. [Hall, Craig] Novartis Anim Hlth Australasia, Kemps Creek, NSW 2171, Australia. [Windsor, Peter A.] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ellis, J (reprint author), Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Med & Mol Biosci, POB 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. EM john.ellis@uts.edu.au RI Hall, Craig/C-7213-2013; Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013; Reichel, Michael/B-8685-2013; Ellis, John/L-6988-2016; OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108; Reichel, Michael/0000-0002-9792-8336; Ellis, John/0000-0001-7328-4831; Windsor, Peter/0000-0001-5629-3517 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 14 PY 2009 VL 164 IS 2-4 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.05.019 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 509XP UT WOS:000271052900036 PM 19556061 ER PT J AU You, FM Huo, NX Gu, YQ Lazo, GR Dvorak, J Anderson, OD AF You, Frank M. Huo, Naxin Gu, Yong Q. Lazo, Gerard R. Dvorak, Jan Anderson, Olin D. TI ConservedPrimers 2.0: A high-throughput pipeline for comparative genome referenced intron-flanking PCR primer design and its application in wheat SNP discovery SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID BRACHYPODIUM-DISTACHYON; GENE STRUCTURE; NONCODING DNA; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCES; DATABASE; CONSTRAINTS; INFORMATION; POSITIONS; GRASSES AB Background: In some genomic applications it is necessary to design large numbers of PCR primers in exons flanking one or several introns on the basis of orthologous gene sequences in related species. The primer pairs designed by this target gene approach are called "intron-flanking primers" or because they are located in exonic sequences which are usually conserved between related species, "conserved primers". They are useful for large-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery and marker development, especially in species, such as wheat, for which a large number of ESTs are available but for which genome sequences and intron/exon boundaries are not available. To date, no suitable high-throughput tool is available for this purpose. Results: We have developed, the ConservedPrimers 2.0 pipeline, for designing intron-flanking primers for large-scale SNP discovery and marker development, and demonstrated its utility in wheat. This tool uses non-redundant wheat EST sequences, such as wheat contigs and singleton ESTs, and related genomic sequences, such as those of rice, as inputs. It aligns the ESTs to the genomic sequences to identify unique colinear exon blocks and predicts intron lengths. Intron-flanking primers are then designed based on the intron/exon information using the Primer3 core program or BatchPrimer3. Finally, a tab-delimited file containing intron-flanking primer pair sequences and their primer properties is generated for primer ordering and their PCR applications. Using this tool, 1,922 bin-mapped wheat ESTs (31.8% of the 6,045 in total) were found to have unique colinear exon blocks suitable for primer design and 1,821 primer pairs were designed from these single-or low-copy genes for PCR amplification and SNP discovery. With these primers and subsequently designed genome-specific primers, a total of 1,527 loci were found to contain one or more genome-specific SNPs. Conclusion: The ConservedPrimers 2.0 pipeline for designing intron-flanking primers was developed and its utility demonstrated. The tool can be used for SNP discovery, genetic variation assays and marker development for any target genome that has abundant ESTs and a related reference genome that has been fully sequenced. The ConservedPrimers 2.0 pipeline has been implemented as a command-line tool as well as a web application. Both versions are freely available at http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/demos/ConservedPrimers/. C1 [You, Frank M.; Huo, Naxin; Dvorak, Jan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [You, Frank M.; Huo, Naxin; Gu, Yong Q.; Lazo, Gerard R.; Anderson, Olin D.] ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP You, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM frank.you@ars.usda.gov; naxin.huo@ars.usda.gov; yong.gu@ars.usda.gov; gerard.lazo@ars.usda.gov; jdvorak@ucdavis.edu; olin.anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [BDI-0321757] FX The authors thank Dr. Yang Yen and Dr. Ming-Cheng Luo for critical reading of the manuscript. This work is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Grant BDI-0321757. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD OCT 13 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 331 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-10-331 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 510VH UT WOS:000271120400001 PM 19825183 ER PT J AU Flint-Garcia, SA Buckler, ES Tiffin, P Ersoz, E Springer, NM AF Flint-Garcia, Sherry A. Buckler, Edward S. Tiffin, Peter Ersoz, Elhan Springer, Nathan M. TI Heterosis Is Prevalent for Multiple Traits in Diverse Maize Germplasm SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INBRED LINES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; HYBRID MAIZE; YIELD; LOCI; RICE AB Background: Heterosis describes the superior phenotypes observed in hybrids relative to their inbred parents. Maize is a model system for studying heterosis due to the high levels of yield heterosis and commercial use of hybrids. Methods: The inbred lines from an association mapping panel were crossed to a common inbred line, B73, to generate nearly 300 hybrid genotypes. Heterosis was evaluated for seventeen phenotypic traits in multiple environments. The majority of hybrids exhibit better-parent heterosis in most of the hybrids measured. Correlations between the levels of heterosis for different traits were generally weak, suggesting that the genetic basis of heterosis is trait-dependent. Conclusions: The ability to predict heterosis levels using inbred phenotype or genetic distance between the parents varied for the different traits. For some traits it is possible to explain a significant proportion of the heterosis variation using linear modeling while other traits are more difficult to predict. RP Flint-Garcia, SA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM sherry.flint-garcia@ars.usda.gov; springer@umn.edu RI Springer, Nathan/F-2680-2013; OI Springer, Nathan/0000-0002-7301-4759; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X NR 31 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 13 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 10 AR e7433 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0007433 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 506WQ UT WOS:000270808300011 PM 19823591 ER PT J AU Cote, GL Dunlap, CA Vermillion, KE AF Cote, Gregory L. Dunlap, Christopher A. Vermillion, Karl E. TI Glucosylation of raffinose via alternansucrase acceptor reactions SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Raffinose; Oligosaccharides; Alternansucrase; Prebiotics; Dextransucrase ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; DEXTRANSUCRASE; BACTERIA; PRODUCTS; MALTOSE AB The glucansucrase known as alternansucrase [EC 2.4.1.140] can transfer glucosyl units from sucrose to raffinose to give good yields of oligosaccharides, which may serve as prebiotics. The main products were the tetrasaccharides alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 3)-alpha-D-Galp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 <-> 2)-beta-D-Fruf and alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 4)-alpha-D-Galp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 <-> 2)-beta-D-Fruf in ratios ranging from 4:1 to 9:1, along with lesser amounts of alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Galp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 <-> 2)-beta-D-Fruf. Ten unusual pentasaccharide structures were isolated. Three of these arose from glucosylation of the major tetrasaccharide product, two each from the minor tetrasaccharides, and three were the result of glucosylations of the fructose acceptor product leucrose or isomaltulose. The major pentasaccharide product arose from glucosylation of the major tetrasaccharide at position 4 of the fructofuranosyl unit, to give a subunit structure analogous to that of maltulose. A number of hexasaccharides and higher oligosaccharides were also produced. Unlike alternansucrase, dextransucrase [EC 2.4.1.5] gave only a single tetrasaccharide product in low yield, and no significant amounts of higher oligosaccharides. The tetrasaccharide structure from dextransucrase was found to be alpha-D-Glcp-(1 -> 4)-alpha-D-Galp-(1 -> 6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 <-> 2)-beta-D-Fruf, which is at odds with the previously published structure. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cote, Gregory L.] ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Dunlap, Christopher A.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Vermillion, Karl E.] ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM greg.cote@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD OCT 12 PY 2009 VL 344 IS 15 BP 1951 EP 1959 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2009.06.023 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 509UG UT WOS:000271043300004 PM 19596226 ER PT J AU Cen, HY Lu, RF AF Cen, Haiyan Lu, Renfu TI Quantification of the optical properties of two-layer turbid materials using a hyperspectral imaging-based spatially-resolved technique SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; WAVELENGTH RANGE; SCATTERING; DIFFUSION; TISSUE; MEDIA; ABSORPTION; LIGHT; SKIN; NM AB Recent research has shown that a hyperspectral imaging-based spatially-resolved technique is useful for determining the optical properties of homogenous fruits and food products. To better characterize fruit properties and quality attributes, it is desirable to consider fruit to be composed of two homogeneous layers of skin and flesh. This research was aimed at developing a nondestructive method to determine the absorption and scattering properties of two-layer turbid materials with the characteristics of fruit. An inverse algorithm along with the sensitivity coefficient analysis for a two-layer diffusion model was developed for the extraction of optical properties from the spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance data acquired using a hyperspectral imaging system. The diffusion model and the inverse algorithm were validated with Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements from solid model samples of known optical properties. The average errors of determining two and four optical parameters were 6.8% and 15.3%, respectively, for Monte Carlo reflectance data. The optical properties of the first or top layer of the model samples were determined with errors of less than 23.0% for the absorption coefficient and 18.4% for the reduced scattering coefficient. The inverse algorithm did not give acceptable estimations for the second or lower layer of the model samples. While the hyperspectral imaging-based spatially-resolved technique has the potential to measure the optical properties of two-layer turbid materials like fruits and food products, further improvements are needed in determining the optical properties of the second layer. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Lu, Renfu] Michigan State Univ, ARS, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cen, Haiyan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, RF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, ARS, USDA, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lur@msu.edu RI Cen, Haiyan/F-2633-2010 FU USDA ARS [3635-43000-004-00D] FX This research was conducted as a part of the USDA ARS inhouse CRIS project 3635-43000-004-00D "Technologies for Assessing and Grading Cucumbers and Tree Fruits." The authors thank Diwan Ariana, Benjamin Bailey, and Min Huang for providing technical support in performing the experiment. They also thank Alwin Kienle for the discussion about the derivation of the solution for the diffusion model. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 10 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 29 BP 5612 EP 5623 DI 10.1364/AO.48.005612 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 505DC UT WOS:000270667800025 PM 19823246 ER PT J AU Hurteau, MD North, M Foin, T AF Hurteau, Matthew D. North, Malcolm Foin, Theodore TI Modeling the influence of precipitation and nitrogen deposition on forest understory fuel connectivity in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Fire; Plant community ID CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FIRE; CALIFORNIA; EMISSIONS; RESPONSES; WILDFIRE AB Climate change models for California's Sierra Nevada predict greater inter-annual variability in precipitation over the next 50 years. These increases in precipitation variability coupled with increases in nitrogen deposition from fossil fuel consumption are likely to result in increased productivity levels and significant increases in forest understory fuel loads. Higher understory plant biomass contributes to fuel connectivity and may increase future fire size and severity in the Sierra Nevada. The objective of this research was to develop and test a model to determine how changing precipitation and nitrogen deposition levels affect shrub and herb biomass production, and to determine how often prescribed fire would be needed to counter increasing fuel loads. Model outputs indicate that under an increasing precipitation scenario significant increases in shrub and herb biomass occur that can be counteracted by decreasing the fire return interval to 10 years. Under a scenario with greater inter-annual variability in precipitation and increased nitrogen deposition, implementing fire treatments at an interval equivalent to the historical range of 15-30 years maintains understory vegetation fuel loads at levels comparable to the control. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hurteau, Matthew D.] No Arizona Univ, Natl Inst Climate Change Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [North, Malcolm] USFS Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Foin, Theodore] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hurteau, MD (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Natl Inst Climate Change Res, POB 6077, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Matthew.Hurteau@nau.edu; mnorth@ucdavis.edu; tcfoin@ucdavis.edu RI Hurteau, Matthew/D-2301-2009 OI Hurteau, Matthew/0000-0001-8457-8974 FU The USFS PSW Sierra Nevada Research Center FX The USFS PSW Sierra Nevada Research Center provided funding for this study. We also thank Jason Jimenez, Don Stevens, and Kevin Tucker for their help with data collection, and the Sierra National Forest and Yosemite National Park for implementing the prescribed fire treatments. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 19 BP 2460 EP 2468 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.06.032 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 498FH UT WOS:000270122100011 ER PT J AU Frost, CJ Hygnstrom, SE Tyre, AJ Eskridge, KM Baasch, DM Boner, JR Clements, GM Gilsdorf, JM Kinsell, TC Vercauteren, KC AF Frost, Charles J. Hygnstrom, Scott E. Tyre, Andrew J. Eskridge, Kent M. Baasch, David M. Boner, Justin R. Clements, Gregory M. Gilsdorf, Jason M. Kinsell, Travis C. Vercauteren, Kurt C. TI Probabilistic movement model with emigration simulates movements of deer in Nebraska, 1990-2006 SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Dispersal; Individual-based model; Migration; Movement; Mule deer; Nebraska; Odocoileus hemionus; Odocoileus virginianus; White-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; CORRELATED RANDOM-WALK; RANGING MULE DEER; HOME RANGES; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; MIGRATION; DISTANCE AB Movements of deer can affect population dynamics, spatial redistribution, and transmission and spread of diseases. Our goal was to model the movement of deer in Nebraska in an attempt to predict the potential for spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) into eastern Nebraska. We collared and radio-tracked >600 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in Nebraska during 1990-2006. We observed large displacements (>10 km) for both species and sexes of deer, including migrations up to 100 km and dispersals up to 50 km. Average distance traveled between successive daily locations was 166 m for male and 173 for female deer in eastern Nebraska, and 427 m for male and 459 for female deer in western Nebraska. Average daily displacement from initial capture point was 10 m for male and 14 m for female deer in eastern Nebraska, and 27 m for male and 28 m for female deer in western Nebraska. We used these data on naturally occurring movements to create and test 6 individual-based models of movement for white-tailed deer and mule deer in Nebraska, including models that incorporated sampling from empirical distributions of movement lengths and turn angles (DIST), correlated random walks (CRW), home point fidelity (FOCUS), shifting home point (SHIFT), probabilistic movement acceptance (MOVE), and probabilistic movement with emigration (MOVEwEMI). We created models in sequence in an attempt to account for the shortcomings of the previous model(s). We used the Kolmogrov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test to verify improvement of simulated annual displacement distributions to empirical displacement distributions. The best-fit model (D = 0.07 and 0.08 for eastern and western Nebraska, respectively) included a probabilistic movement chance with emigration (MOVEwEMI) and resulted in an optimal daily movement length of 350 m (maximum daily movement length of 2800 m for emigrators) for eastern Nebraska and 370 m (maximum of 2960 m) for western Nebraska. The proportion of deer that moved as emigrators; was 0.10 and 0.13 for eastern and western Nebraska, respectively. We propose that the observed spread of CWD may be driven by large movements of a small proportion of deer that help to establish a low prevalence of the disease in areas east of the current endemic area. Our movement models will be used in a larger individual-based simulation of movement, survival, and transmission of CWD to help determine future surveillance and management actions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Frost, Charles J.; Hygnstrom, Scott E.; Tyre, Andrew J.; Baasch, David M.; Boner, Justin R.; Clements, Gregory M.; Gilsdorf, Jason M.; Kinsell, Travis C.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Eskridge, Kent M.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68506 USA. [Vercauteren, Kurt C.] APHIS, USDA, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Frost, CJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 244 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM charles.frost@huskers.unl.edu FU USDA-APHIS-WS-National Wildlife Research Center; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; USGS-Biological Resources Division; Boone and Crockett Club; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cabelas, Inc.; Nebraska Bowhunters Association; University of Nebraska-Lincoln FX We thank the landowners in Nebraska that allowed access for trapping and locating deer and all of the technicians that spent countless hours in the field. We thank George Gage, Larry Klimek, and the staff at DNWR for their support of our research over the years. We thank Kit Hams, Bruce Trindle, and the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission for providing access to data on CWD. Funding was provided by the USDA-APHIS-WS-National Wildlife Research Center, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, USGS-Biological Resources Division, Boone and Crockett Club, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cabelas, Inc., Nebraska Bowhunters Association, and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD OCT 10 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 19 BP 2481 EP 2490 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.06.028 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 498FH UT WOS:000270122100013 ER PT J AU Bar Massada, A Radeloff, VC Stewart, SI Hawbaker, TJ AF Bar Massada, Avi Radeloff, Volker C. Stewart, Susan I. Hawbaker, Todd J. TI Wildfire risk in the wildland-urban interface: A simulation study in northwestern Wisconsin SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire risk; Fire spread; FARSITE; MTT; Simulation modeling; WUI ID ASSESSING FIRE RISK; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; MULTIPLE SCALES; UNITED-STATES; PINE-BARRENS; LANDSCAPE; CALIFORNIA; SPREAD; USA; MANAGEMENT AB The rapid growth of housing in and near the wildland-urban interface (WUI) increases wildfire risk to lives and structures. To reduce fire risk, it is necessary to identify WUI housing areas that are more susceptible to wildfire. This is challenging, because wildfire patterns depend on fire behavior and spread, which in turn depend on ignition locations, weather conditions. the spatial arrangement of fuels, and topography. The goal of our study was to assess wildfire risk to a 60.000 ha WUI area in northwestern Wisconsin while accounting for all of these factors. We conducted 6000 simulations with two dynamic fire models: Fire Area Simulator (FARSITE) and Minimum Travel Time (MTT) in order to map the spatial pattern of burn probabilities. Simulations were run under normal and extreme weather conditions to assess the effect of weather on fire spread, burn probability. and risk to structures The resulting burn probability maps were intersected with maps of structure locations and land cover types. The simulations revealed clear hotspots of wildfire activity and a large range of wildfire risk to structures in the study area. As expected, the extreme weather conditions yielded higher burn probabilities over the entire landscape, as well as to different land cover classes and individual structures. Moreover, the spatial pattern of risk was significantly different between extreme and normal weather conditions. The results highlight the fact that extreme weather conditions not only produce higher fire risk than normal weather conditions, but also change the fine-scale locations of high risk areas in the landscape, which is of great importance for fire management in WUI areas. In addition, the choice of weather data may limit the potential for comparisons of risk maps for different areas and for extrapolating risk maps to future scenarios where weather conditions are unknown. Our approach to modeling wildfire risk to structures can aid fire risk reduction management activities by identifying areas with elevated wildfire risk and those most vulnerable under extreme weather conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bar Massada, Avi; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Hawbaker, Todd J.] US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Geog Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bar Massada, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM barmassada@wisc.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X FU U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station. This manuscript benefited greatly from comments by J. Briggs, D. Hester, and two anonymous reviewers. References to HP and ESRI software products are provided for information only and do not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Departments of Interior or Agriculture, or the U.S. Government, as to their suitability, content, usefulness, functioning, completeness, or accuracy. NR 48 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 10 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 9 BP 1990 EP 1999 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.051 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 510MS UT WOS:000271093200021 ER PT J AU Wang, J Ren, H Yang, L Li, DY Guo, QF AF Wang, Jun Ren, Hai Yang, Long Li, Danyan Guo, Qinfeng TI Soil seed banks in four 22-year-old plantations in South China: Implications for restoration SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest regeneration; Indigenous species; Plantation; Seed bank; Succession ID TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; NATURAL REGENERATION; COSTA-RICA; CONIFEROUS PLANTATIONS; TREE PLANTATIONS; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; ESTABLISHMENT; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB To better understand the potentials of the soil seed banks in facilitating succession towards a more natural forest of native tree species, we quantified the size and composition of the soil seed banks in established plantations in South China. The seed banks were from four typical 22-year-old plantations. i.e., legume, mixed-conifer, mixed-native, and Eucalyptus overstory species. Species diversity in the seed banks was low, and the vegetation species differed from those found in the seed bank in each plantation. A total of 1211 seedlings belonging to eight species emerged in a seedling germination assay, among which Cyrtococcum patens was most abundant. All species detected were shrubs and herbs, and no viable indigenous tree seeds were found in soil samples. Size and species composition of the seed banks might be related to the overstory species compositions of the established plantations. The seed bank density in soils was highest in the mixed-conifer plantation followed by Eucalyptus, mixed-native, and legume plantations. Species richness among the seed banks of plantations was ranked as follows Eucalyptus > mixed-conifer > mixed-native = legume. The results indicated that the soil seed banks of the current plantations are ineffective in regenerating the former communities after human disturbances. Particularly, the absence of indigenous tree species seeds in the seed banks would limit regeneration and probably contribute to arrested succession at the pioneer community stage. It would appear from these data that the soil seed banks under the current plantations should not be considered as a useful tool leading the succession to more natural stages. Introduction of target indigenous species by artificial seeding or seedling planting should be considered to accelerate forest regeneration. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Jun; Ren, Hai; Yang, Long; Li, Danyan] Chinese Acad Sci, Heshan Natl Field Res Stn Forest Ecosyst, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jun; Yang, Long; Li, Danyan] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Guo, Qinfeng] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Ren, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Heshan Natl Field Res Stn Forest Ecosyst, S China Bot Garden, Xingke Rd 723, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM renhai@scib.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30670370]; Ministry of Science and Technology of P.R. China [2008BAJ10B03]; Guangdong Natural Science Foundation [07118249, 2007J1-C0471] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670370), the Key Supporting Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of P.R. China (2008BAJ10B03), and the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (07118249, 2007J1-C0471). We are indebted to our colleagues at the Heshan National Field Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, especially Dr. Shenglei Fu for helpful suggestions and Yongbiao Lin for field assistance. We also thank Prof. Burce Jaffee for polishing English, and anonymous reviewers for their Valuable comments on the early version of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 10 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 9 BP 2000 EP 2006 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.049 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 510MS UT WOS:000271093200022 ER PT J AU Davis, SC Hessl, AE Scott, CJ Adams, MB Thomas, RB AF Davis, Sarah C. Hessl, Amy E. Scott, Carrie J. Adams, Mary Beth Thomas, Richard B. TI Forest carbon sequestration changes in response to timber harvest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Temperate hardwood; Fernow Experimental Forest; Clear-cut; Diameter-limit; Single tree selection; Land use change ID LAND-USE HISTORY; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOIL CARBON; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; META ANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEMS; STORAGE; DYNAMICS AB Forest succession contributes to the global terrestrial carbon (C) sink, but changes in C sequestration in response to varied harvest intensities have been debated. The forests of the Central Appalachian region have been aggrading over the past 100 years following widespread clear-cutting that occurred in the early 1900s and these forests are now valuable timberlands. This study compared the history of ecosystem C storage in four watersheds that have been harvested at different frequencies and intensities since 1958. We compared NPP. NEP, and component ecosystem C fluxes (g C m(-2) year(-1)) in response to the four different harvest histories (no harvest, clear-cutting, single tree selection cutting, and 43 cm diameter-limit cutting) Clear-cutting had short-term negative effects on NEP but harvest did not significantly impact long-term average annual C sequestration rates. Average plant C (g C m(-2)) since 1950 was about 33% lower in response to a clear-cut event than plant C in an un-harvested forest, Suggesting that the C sequestration associated with clear-cutting practices would decline over time and result in lower C storage than diameter-limit cut, selective cut, or un-harvested forests. Total C stored over a 55-year period was stimulated similar to 37% with diameter-limit cutting and selective Cutting relative to un-harvested forests. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Davis, Sarah C.; Thomas, Richard B.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Hessl, Amy E.; Scott, Carrie J.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Geol & Geog, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Davis, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, 1206 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Davis, Sarah/0000-0002-8156-2042 FU Ecosystem Science and Geography and Regional Science (EGCH) [9278, 9150] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation through Ecosystem Science and Geography and Regional Science (grant EGCH, 9278, 9150). We thank William Peterjohn for valuable discussions about experimental design, We greatly appreciate the computer modeling recommendations from Yiqi Luo and Annie Wu. We also thank Chris Buyarski, Nicholas Doner and Sheila Kazar for their contributions to fieldwork in the Fernow Experimental Forest. NR 55 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 10 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 9 BP 2101 EP 2109 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.08.009 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 510MS UT WOS:000271093200035 ER PT J AU Brooks, RT Kyker-Snowman, TD AF Brooks, Robert T. Kyker-Snowman, Thomas D. TI Forest-floor temperatures and soil moisture across riparian zones on first- to third-order headwater streams in southern New England, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Air temperatures; Water temperatures; Soil temperatures; Forest floor; Low-order streams; Riparian zone; Soil moisture ID BREEDING-BIRD ASSEMBLAGES; SOLAR-RADIATION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; CANOPY COVER; AREAS; MICROCLIMATE; HABITAT; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE; ABUNDANCE AB Riparian zones along forest streams in the western United States have been repeatedly shown to be floristically and climatically different from adjacent upland forest, and to be important contributors to forest biodiversity. Similar evidence for the presence or function of riparian zones is lacking for forests of the northeastern U.S We conducted seasonal surveys of forest-floor temperature and soil moisture across 30-m riparian transects on first- to third-order streams in southern New England. We were unable to detect any effect of distance from the stream channel on either temperature or soil moisture These preliminary results indicate the absence of a unique riparian forest-floor microclimate within 30 m of low-order streams in southern New England. While this study failed to identify a distinctive riparian microclimatic zone, protection of a riparian buffer during forestry operations or other disturbance is essential for the protection of forest streams and their resources and the maintenance of forest biodiversity Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Brooks, Robert T.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr 201, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kyker-Snowman, Thomas D.] Div Water Supply Protect, Dept Conservat & Recreat, Belchertown, MA 01007 USA. RP Brooks, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr 201, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Brooks, Robert/E-9955-2011 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 10 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 9 BP 2117 EP 2126 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.08.007 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 510MS UT WOS:000271093200037 ER PT J AU Palti, Y Luo, MC Hu, YQ Genet, C You, FM Vallejo, RL Thorgaard, GH Wheeler, PA Rexroad, CE AF Palti, Yniv Luo, Ming-Cheng Hu, Yuqin Genet, Carine You, Frank M. Vallejo, Roger L. Thorgaard, Gary H. Wheeler, Paul A. Rexroad, Caird E., III TI A first generation BAC-based physical map of the rainbow trout genome SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES; MULTILOCUS LINKAGE ANALYSIS; CHANNEL CATFISH GENOME; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON; GENETIC-MARKERS; CONSTRUCTION; RESISTANCE; REGION AB Background: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are the most-widely cultivated cold freshwater fish in the world and an important model species for many research areas. Coupling great interest in this species as a research model with the need for genetic improvement of aquaculture production efficiency traits justifies the continued development of genomics research resources. Many quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for production and life-history traits in rainbow trout. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) physical map is needed to facilitate fine mapping of QTL and the selection of positional candidate genes for incorporation in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for improving rainbow trout aquaculture production. This resource will also facilitate efforts to obtain and assemble a whole-genome reference sequence for this species. Results: The physical map was constructed from DNA fingerprinting of 192,096 BAC clones using the 4-color high-information content fingerprinting (HICF) method. The clones were assembled into physical map contigs using the finger-printing contig (FPC) program. The map is composed of 4,173 contigs and 9,379 singletons. The total number of unique fingerprinting fragments (consensus bands) in contigs is 1,185,157, which corresponds to an estimated physical length of 2.0 Gb. The map assembly was validated by 1) comparison with probe hybridization results and agarose gel fingerprinting contigs; and 2) anchoring large contigs to the microsatellite-based genetic linkage map. Conclusion: The production and validation of the first BAC physical map of the rainbow trout genome is described in this paper. We are currently integrating this map with the NCCCWA genetic map using more than 200 microsatellites isolated from BAC end sequences and by identifying BACs that harbor more than 300 previously mapped markers. The availability of an integrated physical and genetic map will enable detailed comparative genome analyses, fine mapping of QTL, positional cloning, selection of positional candidate genes for economically important traits and the incorporation of MAS into rainbow trout breeding programs. C1 [Palti, Yniv; Vallejo, Roger L.; Rexroad, Caird E., III] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Luo, Ming-Cheng; Hu, Yuqin; You, Frank M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Genet, Carine] INRA, UMR1313, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. [Thorgaard, Gary H.; Wheeler, Paul A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Thorgaard, Gary H.; Wheeler, Paul A.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Palti, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetwon Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM yniv.palti@ars.usda.gov; mcluo@ucdavis.edu; yqhu@ucdavis.edu; carine.genet@jouy.inra.fr; frank.you@ars.usda.gov; roger.vallejo@ars.usda.gov; thorglab@wsu.edu; pwheeler@wsu.edu; caird.rexroadiii@ars.usda.gov RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education [2007-35616-17875]; Extension Service Animal Genome program FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative Grant no. 2007-35616-17875 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Animal Genome program. We thank Renee Fincham, Roseanna Long, Kristy Shewbridge and Brian Smith for their technical support in the microsatellites genotyping, and Zeev Frankel and Abraham Korol from Haifa University for evaluating the assembly of three large contigs using new computational tools for physical map assembly. NR 66 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD OCT 8 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 462 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-462 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 511HO UT WOS:000271154900001 PM 19814815 ER PT J AU Blank, SM Taeger, A Liston, AD Smith, DR Rasnitsyn, AP Shinohara, A Heidemaa, M Viitasaari, M AF Blank, Stephan M. Taeger, Andreas Liston, Andrew D. Smith, David R. Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. Shinohara, Akihiko Heidemaa, Mikk Viitasaari, Matti TI Studies toward a World Catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE Sawflies; nomenclature; taxonomy; bibliography; new species; new synonymy; new combination; lectotype; neotype; type species designation ID GENUS PHYLLOCOLPA; GROUP INSECTA; TENTHREDINIDAE; NEMATINAE; PART; PHYLOGENY; SAWFLIES; REGION; MONGOLIA; REVISION AB Taxonomic and nomenclatorial changes affecting Symphyta, resulting from work on a forthcoming world catalog, are proposed and explained. Dolerus zhelochovtsevi Heidemaa & Viitasaari, sp. nov. is described. One former subgenus and two former subspecies are now treated at genus or species level, respectively. Eighteen replacement names are given, 73 new synonymies and 78 new combinations are proposed, 3 synonymies are re-established, and 5 names are resurrected from synonymy. The precedence of 18 species names (nomina protecta) over their older synonyms (20 nomina oblita) is explained. Type species are designated for 8 genus-group names. One neotype and 17 lectotypes are designated. Five names described as varieties are assigned infrasubspecific rank. Twenty-five genus-group names associated with Arge, Corynis, Dolerus, Trichiosoma and Xyela are unavailable. Two genus-group names and 33 species-group names are considered as unplaced taxa. An identification key is presented for the West Palaearctic species of Profenusa MacGillivray, 1914. Notes on publication dates and authorships of names of certain taxa are also included. C1 [Blank, Stephan M.; Taeger, Andreas; Liston, Andrew D.] Senckenberg Deutsch Entomol Inst, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.] Russian Acad Sci, Palaeontol Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Shinohara, Akihiko] Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Zool, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1690073, Japan. [Heidemaa, Mikk] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Dept Zool, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Viitasaari, Matti] Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Biol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Blank, SM (reprint author), Senckenberg Deutsch Entomol Inst, Eberswalder Str 90, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany. EM stephan.blank@senckenberg.de; andreas.taeger@senckenberg.de; andrew.liston@senckenberg.de; dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; rasna36@yahoo.com; shinohar@kahaku.go.jp; mikk.heidemaa@ut.ee; matti.viitasaari@netsonic.fi FU European Commission's (FP 6) [DK-TAF 4845 / SE-TAF 4856]; Federal Ministry for Education and Research [BMBF] of Germany; Global Biodiversity information Facility [GBIF], Copenhagen; Estonian Science Foundation [6598]; Estonian Ministry of Education and Science [SF0180122s08] FX We cordially thank the following colleagues for their support: Jean-Yves Baugnee (Gembloux) and Jean-Luc Boeve (Brussels) for the larval record of Dolerus zhelochovtsevi from Belgium; Sergey Belokobylskij (St. Petersburg) for searching for original material of Andre, Eversmann, Gussakovskij and Jakowlew in the ZIN collection; Gavin Broad (London) for photographs of the very rare work by Donovan (1808); Rainer Emmrich (Dresden) for information on the proper publication date of Profenusa aspoecki; Toshiya Hirowatari (Sakai) and Masaaki Suwa (Sapporo) for allowing examination of Arge captiva material in their respective collections; Seppo Hornytzkyi and Simo Lehtinen (Mikrofokus Ltd, Helsinki) for enabling access to their SEM; Frank Koch (Berlin) for checking the ZMHB for specimens labelled by Klug as Brachytomus or Brachytoma; Kazuhiko Konishi (Sapporo) for providing a copy of Uchiyama (1906); Manfred Kraus (Nurnberg) for supplying information on Diprion pini; Christian Kutzscher (Muncheberg) for translations from Swedish publications; Andre Nel (Paris) for discussing with us the Proximoxeris problem; James P. O'Connor (Dublin) for his information regarding the type material of Gmelin; Ene-Reet Soovik and Janika Pall (Tartu) for translations from Latin and Swedish; Mare Toom (Tartu) for the identification of the host plant of Dolerus zhelochovtsevi; Sergey Vasilenko (Novosibirsk) for clarification of publication details for Arge zhelochovzevi; Lars Vilhelmsen (Copenhagen) for translating Danish texts and searching for material in the ZMUC collection. A number of additional colleagues listed under Material & Methods have made their collections accessible for us or have mailed material on loan. Holger Framke, Ute Kaczinski and Renate Riedelsheimer of the DEI library (Muncheberg) have never tired in trying to satisfy our seemingly insatiable requests for rare and obscure publications about Symphyta. Manuscripts on Hemichroa and Hylotoma, which earlier were intended as applications to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, were critically checked by dagger I. M. Kerzhner (St. Petersburg), dagger H. Pschorn-Walcher (Neulengbach), W. Schedl (Innsbruck), and A. Zinovjev (Boston / St. Petersburg). Gary Gibson (Ottawa), Henri Goulet (Ottawa) and Veli Vikberg (Turenki) reviewed the manuscript within a remarkably short time and sent us many helpful comments. S. M. Blank's work at the Natural History Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen and A. Taeger's work at the Swedish Museum of Natural History was supported by grants from the European Commission's (FP 6) Integrated Infrastructure Initiative programme SYNTHESYS (DK-TAF 4845 / SE-TAF 4856). Contributions of A. D. Liston, A. Taeger and S. M Blank partly result from the project "GISHym: Global Information System on Hymenoptera" (GBIF-D, Global Biodiversity Information Facility Initiative of Germany funded by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research [BMBF] of Germany) and from the project "ECatSym: Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera)" (funded by the Global Biodiversity information Facility [GBIF], Copenhagen). M. Heidemaa was financially supported by the Estonian Science Foundation (grant number 6598), the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (target-financing project number SF0180122s08) and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Center of Excellence FIBIR). NR 441 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 8 PY 2009 IS 2254 BP 1 EP 96 PG 96 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 503UJ UT WOS:000270565800001 ER PT J AU Liu, H Fu, SY Zhu, JY Li, H Zhan, HY AF Liu, Hao Fu, Shiyu Zhu, J. Y. Li, Hui Zhan, Huaiyu TI Visualization of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose using AFM phase imaging SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ultrastructure; Cellulose; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Cellulases; Microfibrils; Atomic force microscopy (AFM); Phase imaging; Endoglucanase (EG); Cellulose-binding domain (CBD) ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BINDING; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; MICROFIBRILS; CONTRAST; DOMAINS; FIBERS; IMAGES AB Complete cellulase, an endoglucanase (EGV) with cellulose-binding domain (CBD) and a mutant endoglucanase without CBD (EGI) were utilized for the hydrolysis of a fully bleached reed Kraft pulp sample. The changes of microfibrils on the fiber surface were examined with tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) phase imaging. The results indicated that complete cellulase could either peel the fibrillar bundles along the microfibrils (peeling) or cut microfibrils into short length across the length direction (cutting) during the process. After 24h treatment, most orientated microfibrils on the cellulose fiber surface were degraded into fragments by the complete cellulase. Incubation with endoglucanase (EGV or EGI) also caused peeling action. But no significant size reduction of microfibrils length was observed, which was probably due to the absence of cellobiohydrolase. The AFM phase imaging clearly revealed that individual EGV particles were adsorbed onto the surface of a cellulose fiber and may be bound to several microfibrils. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Liu, Hao; Fu, Shiyu; Li, Hui; Zhan, Huaiyu] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM laccase2008@yahoo.com.cn RI Liu, Hao/B-3263-2012; fu, shiyu/K-4213-2012 OI Liu, Hao/0000-0002-6955-2474; FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2007AA100704]; Chinese Scholarship Council; U.S. Forest Service Program of Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts FX We acknowledge the financial support from National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2007AA100704), the Chinese Scholarship Council and the U.S. Forest Service Program of Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (2008) for supporting Mr. Hao Liu's visiting appointment at the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD OCT 7 PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.06.009 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 496YK UT WOS:000270016100006 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Noblick, L Borrone, JW Couvreur, TLP Mauro-Herrera, M Hahn, WJ Kuhn, DN Nakamura, K Oleas, NH Schnell, RJ AF Meerow, Alan W. Noblick, Larry Borrone, James W. Couvreur, Thomas L. P. Mauro-Herrera, Margarita Hahn, William J. Kuhn, David N. Nakamura, Kyoko Oleas, Nora H. Schnell, Raymond J. TI Phylogenetic Analysis of Seven WRKY Genes across the Palm Subtribe Attaleinae (Areceaceae) Identifies Syagrus as Sister Group of the Coconut SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; DIVERGENCE TIMES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; SPECIES TREES; ANDEAN TECTONICS; RECONCILED TREES; ABSOLUTE RATES; SOUTH-AMERICA AB Background: The Cocoseae is one of 13 tribes of Arecaceae subfam. Arecoideae, and contains a number of palms with significant economic importance, including the monotypic and pantropical Cocos nucifera L., the coconut, the origins of which have been one of the "abominable mysteries'' of palm systematics for decades. Previous studies with predominantly plastid genes weakly supported American ancestry for the coconut but ambiguous sister relationships. In this paper, we use multiple single copy nuclear loci to address the phylogeny of the Cocoseae subtribe Attaleinae, and resolve the closest extant relative of the coconut. Methodology/Principal Findings: We present the results of combined analysis of DNA sequences of seven WRKY transcription factor loci across 72 samples of Arecaceae tribe Cocoseae subtribe Attaleinae, representing all genera classified within the subtribe, and three outgroup taxa with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches, producing highly congruent and well-resolved trees that robustly identify the genus Syagrus as sister to Cocos and resolve novel and well-supported relationships among the other genera of the Attaleinae. We also address incongruence among the gene trees with gene tree reconciliation analysis, and assign estimated ages to the nodes of our tree. Conclusions/Significance: This study represents the as yet most extensive phylogenetic analyses of Cocoseae subtribe Attaleinae. We present a well-resolved and supported phylogeny of the subtribe that robustly indicates a sister relationship between Cocos and Syagrus. This is not only of biogeographic interest, but will also open fruitful avenues of inquiry regarding evolution of functional genes useful for crop improvement. Establishment of two major clades of American Attaleinae occurred in the Oligocene (ca. 37 MYBP) in Eastern Brazil. The divergence of Cocos from Syagrus is estimated at 35 MYBP. The biogeographic and morphological congruence that we see for clades resolved in the Attaleinae suggests that WRKY loci are informative markers for investigating the phylogenetic relationships of the palm family. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SHRS Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL USA. EM alan.meerow@ars.usda.gov RI Couvreur, Thomas/D-8172-2011; Oleas, Nora/D-3869-2013; OI Oleas, Nora/0000-0002-1948-4119 NR 140 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 6 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 10 AR e7353 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0007353 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 504DI UT WOS:000270593800028 PM 19806212 ER PT J AU Yang, JQ Kong, XY Martins-Santos, MES Aleman, G Chaco, E Liu, GE Wu, SY Samols, D Hakimi, P Chiang, CM Hanson, RW AF Yang, Jianqi Kong, Xiaoying Martins-Santos, Maria Emilia S. Aleman, Gabriela Chaco, Ernestine Liu, George E. Wu, Shwu-Yuan Samols, David Hakimi, Parvin Chiang, Cheng-Ming Hanson, Richard W. TI Activation of SIRT1 by Resveratrol Represses Transcription of the Gene for the Cytosolic Form of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) by Deacetylating Hepatic Nuclear Factor 4 alpha SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAT ADIPOSE-TISSUE; DIFFERENT MECHANISMS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE-PRODUCTION; TRANSGENIC MICE; C/EBP-BETA; IN-VIVO; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; EXPRESSION; GLYCERONEOGENESIS AB The SIRT1 activators isonicotinamide (IsoNAM), resveratrol, fisetin, and butein repressed transcription of the gene for the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (PEPCK-C). An evolutionarily conserved binding site for hepatic nuclear factor (HNF) 4 alpha (-272/-252) was identified, which was required for transcriptional repression of the PEPCK-C gene promoter caused by these compounds. This site contains an overlapping AP-1 binding site and is adjacent to the C/EBP binding element (-248/-234); the latter is necessary for hepatic transcription of PEPCK-C. AP-1 competed with HNF4 alpha for binding to this site and also decreased HNF4 alpha stimulation of transcription from the PEPCK-C gene promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that HNF4 alpha and AP-1, but not C/EBP beta, reciprocally bound to this site prior to and after treating HepG2 cells with IsoNAM. IsoNAM treatment resulted in deacetylation of HNF4 alpha, which decreased its binding affinity to the PEPCK-C gene promoter. In HNF4 alpha-null Chinese hamster ovary cells, IsoNAM and resveratrol failed to repress transcription from the PEPCK-C gene promoter; overexpression of HNF4 alpha in Chinese hamster ovary cells re-established transcriptional inhibition. Exogenous SIRT1 expression repressed transcription, whereas knockdown of SIRT1 by RNA interference reversed this effect. IsoNAM decreased the level of mRNA for PEPCK-C but had no effect on mRNA for glucose-6-phosphatase in AML12 mouse hepatocytes. We conclude that SIRT1 activation inhibited transcription of the gene for PEPCK-C in part by deacetylation of HNF4 alpha. However, SIRT1 deacetylation of other key regulatory proteins that control PEPCK-C gene transcription also likely contributed to the inhibitory effect. C1 [Yang, Jianqi; Kong, Xiaoying; Martins-Santos, Maria Emilia S.; Aleman, Gabriela; Chaco, Ernestine; Samols, David; Hakimi, Parvin; Hanson, Richard W.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Liu, George E.] USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wu, Shwu-Yuan; Chiang, Cheng-Ming] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Simmons Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Hanson, RW (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM rwh@case.edu FU National Institutes of Health [DK058620, DK025541, CA103867, CA124760] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants DK058620 and DK025541 (to R. W. H.) and CA103867 and CA124760 (to C-M. C.). NR 63 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 2 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 40 BP 27042 EP 27053 DI 10.1074/jbc.M109.047340 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 499OJ UT WOS:000270232300006 PM 19651778 ER PT J AU Wong, SW Kwon, MJ Choi, AMK Kim, HP Nakahira, K Hwang, DH AF Wong, Scott W. Kwon, Myung-Ja Choi, Augustine M. K. Kim, Hong-Pyo Nakahira, Kiichi Hwang, Daniel H. TI Fatty Acids Modulate Toll-like Receptor 4 Activation through Regulation of Receptor Dimerization and Recruitment into Lipid Rafts in a Reactive Oxygen Species-dependent Manner SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; CUTTING EDGE; INNATE IMMUNITY; DIFFERENTIAL MODULATION; MICROBIAL LIPOPROTEINS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; TOLL-LIKE-RECEPTOR-4; MACROPHAGES AB The saturated fatty acids acylated on Lipid A of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or bacterial lipoproteins play critical roles in ligand recognition and receptor activation for Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2. The results from our previous studies demonstrated that saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids reciprocally modulate the activation of TLR4. However, the underlying mechanism has not been understood. Here, we report for the first time that the saturated fatty acid lauric acid induced dimerization and recruitment of TLR4 into lipid rafts, however, dimerization was not observed in non-lipid raft fractions. Similarly, LPS and lauric acid enhanced the association of TLR4 with MD-2 and downstream adaptor molecules, TRIF and MyD88, into lipid rafts leading to the activation of downstream signaling pathways and target gene expression. However, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, inhibited LPS- or lauric acid-induced dimerization and recruitment of TLR4 into lipid raft fractions. Together, these results demonstrate that lauric acid and DHA reciprocally modulate TLR4 activation by regulation of the dimerization and recruitment of TLR4 into lipid rafts. In addition, we showed that TLR4 recruitment to lipid rafts and dimerization were coupled events mediated at least in part by NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species generation. These results provide a new insight in understanding the mechanism by which fatty acids differentially modulate TLR4-mediated signaling pathway and consequent inflammatory responses which are implicated in the development and progression of many chronic diseases. C1 [Wong, Scott W.; Kwon, Myung-Ja; Hwang, Daniel H.] USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wong, Scott W.; Kwon, Myung-Ja; Hwang, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Choi, Augustine M. K.; Kim, Hong-Pyo; Nakahira, Kiichi] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM daniel.hwang@ars.usda.gov FU National Institutes of Health [DK064007, DK41868, CA75613, HL079904, HL55330, HL6234]; United States Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) [2001-35200-10721]; American Institutes for Cancer Research [01A095Rev]; Western Human Nutrition Research Center/ARS/USDA; National Center for Research Resources, NIH [C06 RR17348-01, C06 RR12088-01] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants DK064007, DK41868, and CA75613. This work was also supported by Grant 2001-35200-10721 from the United States Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Grant 01A095Rev from the American Institutes for Cancer Research, and program funds from the Western Human Nutrition Research Center/ARS/USDA (to D. H. H.) and by NIH Grants HL079904, HL55330, and HL6234 (to A. M. K. C.). This investigation was conducted in a facility constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement Program Grants C06 RR17348-01 and C06 RR12088-01 from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH. NR 52 TC 205 Z9 209 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 2 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 40 BP 27384 EP 27392 DI 10.1074/jbc.M109.044065 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 499OJ UT WOS:000270232300040 PM 19648648 ER PT J AU Xu, BG Bel, P AF Xu, Bugao Bel, Patricia TI Evaluation of Color Alterations on Fabrics by Image Analysis SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Abrasion; CIELAB; Color Change; Color Measurement; Colorimetry; Crocking; Image Analysis AB Image analysis (IA) provides an objective way to evaluate fabric color alterations due to various treatments. This paper compares image analysis data with colorimetric measurements and visual ratings obtained for four colorfastness tests-crocking, flat abrasion, edge abrasion, and white speck levels, Unlike colorimetric measurements and visual ratings, IA can isolate discolored areas on the fabric,, which vary in size, shape, and uniformity, and take color measurements solely on the affected areas. A not only outputs results consistent with the other methods, but also demonstrates its efficiency and robustness in evaluating localized color alterations on fabric surfaces. C1 [Xu, Bugao] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Human Ecol, Austin, TX 79712 USA. [Bel, Patricia] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Xu, BG (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sch Human Ecol, Austin, TX 79712 USA. EM bxu@mail.utexas.edu FU Cotton Incorporated FX The financial support for this work was provided partially by Cotton Incorporated. Special thanks go to Norma Keyes, Cotton Incorporated, for her advice and the fabric samples used in the research. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 9 IS 10 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 505VH UT WOS:000270726200005 ER PT J AU Stoll, B Puiman, P Benight, N Bauchart-Thevret, C Burrin, D AF Stoll, B. Puiman, P. Benight, N. Bauchart-Thevret, C. Burrin, D. TI CONTINUOUS ADMINISTRATION OF AN ELEMENTAL DIET INDUCES INSULIN RESISTANCE IN NEONATAL PIGS SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stoll, B.; Benight, N.; Bauchart-Thevret, C.; Burrin, D.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Puiman, P.] ErasmusMC Sophia, Rotterdam, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 98 BP 55 EP 56 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 495AR UT WOS:000269862100141 ER PT J AU Stoy, ACF Thymann, T Stoll, B Sangild, P AF Stoy, A. C. F. Thymann, T. Stoll, B. Sangild, P. TI BOVINE COLOSTRUM AGAINST GUT INFLAMMATORY LESIONS IN PRETERM PIGS SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stoy, A. C. F.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Vet Inst, Copenhagen V, Denmark. [Thymann, T.; Sangild, P.] Univ Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Stoll, B.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 98 BP 226 EP 226 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 495AR UT WOS:000269862100579 ER PT J AU Thymann, T Moller, HK Stoy, AC Bering, S Molbak, L Burrin, D Sangild, PT AF Thymann, T. Moller, H. K. Stoy, A. C. Bering, S. Molbak, L. Burrin, D. Sangild, P. T. TI ADDITION OF CASEIN TO A WHEY-BASED FORMULA HAS LIMITED EFFECTS ON GUT FUNCTION IN PRETERM PIGS SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thymann, T.; Moller, H. K.; Bering, S.; Sangild, P. T.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Human Nutr, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Stoy, A. C.; Molbak, L.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Vet Inst, Copenhagen V, Denmark. [Burrin, D.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0803-5253 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 98 BP 226 EP 226 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 495AR UT WOS:000269862100580 ER PT J AU Fox, A Williams, M Richardson, AD Cameron, D Gove, JH Quaife, T Ricciuto, D Reichstein, M Tomelleri, E Trudinger, CM Van Wijk, MT AF Fox, Andrew Williams, Mathew Richardson, Andrew D. Cameron, David Gove, Jeffrey H. Quaife, Tristan Ricciuto, Daniel Reichstein, Markus Tomelleri, Enrico Trudinger, Cathy M. Van Wijk, Mark T. TI The REFLEX project: Comparing different algorithms and implementations for the inversion of a terrestrial ecosystem model against eddy covariance data SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation; Metropolis; Carbon cycle; Ecosystem modelling; Monte Carlo; Kalman filter; Eddy covariance; REFLEX project; Parameter optimisation; Confidence intervals ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNCERTAINTY; CLIMATE; FOREST; PRODUCTIVITY; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; FEEDBACKS AB We describe a model-data fusion (MDF) inter-comparison project (REFLEX), which compared various algorithms for estimating carbon (C) model parameters consistent with both measured carbon fluxes and states and a simple C model. Participants were provided with the model and with both synthetic net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO(2) and leaf area index(LAI) data, generated from the model with added noise, and observed NEE and LAI data from two eddy covariance sites. Participants endeavoured to estimate model parameters and states consistent with the model for all cases over the two years for which data were provided, and generate predictions for one additional year without observations. Nine participants contributed results using Metropolis algorithms, Kalman filters and a genetic algorithm. For the synthetic data case, parameter estimates compared well with the true values. The results of the analyses indicated that parameters linked directly to gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration, such as those related to foliage allocation and turnover, or temperature sensitivity of heterotrophic respiration, were best constrained and characterised. Poorly estimated parameters were those related to the allocation to and turnover of fine root/wood pools. Estimates of confidence intervals varied among algorithms, but several algorithms successfully located the true values of annual fluxes from synthetic experiments within relatively narrow 90% confidence intervals, achieving >80% success rate and mean NEE confidence intervals < 110 gC m(-2) year(-1) for the synthetic case. Annual C flux estimates generated by participants generally agreed with gap-filling approaches using half-hourly data. The estimation of ecosystem respiration and GPP through MDF agreed well with outputs from partitioning studies using half-hourly data. Confidence limits on annual NEE increased by an average of 88% in the prediction year compared to the previous year, when data were available. Confidence intervals on annual NEE increased by 30% when observed data were used instead of synthetic data, reflecting and quantifying the addition of model error. Finally, our analyses indicated that incorporating additional constraints, using data on C pools (wood, soil and fine roots) would help to reduce uncertainties for model parameters poorly served by eddy covariance data. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, Mathew] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Ctr Terr Carbon Dynam, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fox, Andrew] Univ Sheffield, Sch Appl Maths, Ctr Terr Carbon Dynam, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Cameron, David] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. [Gove, Jeffrey H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. [Quaife, Tristan] UCL, Dept Geog, Ctr Terr Carbon Dynam, London, England. [Ricciuto, Daniel] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Reichstein, Markus; Tomelleri, Enrico] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Trudinger, Cathy M.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Van Wijk, Mark T.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Williams, M (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Ctr Terr Carbon Dynam, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM mat.williams@ed.ac.uk RI Trudinger, Cathy/A-2532-2008; Quaife, Tristan/C-1355-2008; Reichstein, Markus/A-7494-2011; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Cook, Bruce/M-4828-2013; Williams, Mathew/G-6140-2016; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; OI Trudinger, Cathy/0000-0002-4844-2153; Quaife, Tristan/0000-0001-6896-4613; Reichstein, Markus/0000-0001-5736-1112; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Cook, Bruce/0000-0002-8528-000X; Williams, Mathew/0000-0001-6117-5208; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; van Wijk, Mark/0000-0003-0728-8839 NR 37 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 10 BP 1597 EP 1615 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.05.002 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 488UX UT WOS:000269376900004 ER PT J AU Payero, JO Tarkalson, DD Irmak, S Davison, D Petersen, JL AF Payero, J. O. Tarkalson, D. D. Irmak, S. Davison, D. Petersen, J. L. TI Effect of timing of a deficit-irrigation allocation on corn evapotranspiration, yield, water use efficiency and dry mass SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water use efficiency; Corn dry mass; Harvest index; Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI); Soil water modeling; Yield response factor (ky) ID SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION; ZEA-MAYS-L; WEST-CENTRAL NEBRASKA; SOIL-MOISTURE STRESS; LIMITED IRRIGATION; DROUGHT STRESS; MATTER PRODUCTION; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; SEMIARID CLIMATE; HIGH-PLAINS AB Water regulations have decreased irrigation water supplies in Nebraska and some other areas of the USA Great Plains. When available water is not enough to meet crop water requirements during the entire growing cycle, it becomes critical to know the proper irrigation timing that would maximize yields and profits. This study evaluated the effect of timing of a deficit-irrigation allocation (150 mm) on crop evapotranspiration (ETc), yield, water use efficiency (WUE = yield/ETc), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE = yield/irrigation), and dry mass (DM) of corn (Zea mays L.) irrigated with subsurface drip irrigation in the semiarid climate of North Platte, NE. During 2005 and 2006, a total of sixteen irrigation treatments (eight each year) were evaluated, which received different percentages of the water allocation during July, August, and September. During both years, all treatments resulted in no crop stress during the vegetative period and stress during the reproductive stages, which affected Erc, DM, yield, WUE and IWUE. Among treatments, ETc varied by 7.2 and 18.8%; yield by 17 and 33%; WUE by 12 and 22%, and lWUE by 18 and 33% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Yield and WUE both increased linearly with Erc and with ETc/ETp (ETp, = seasonal ETc with no water stress), and WUE increased linearly with yield. The yield response factor (ky) averaged 1.50 over the two seasons. Irrigation timing affected the DM of the plant, grain, and cob, but not that of the stover. It also affected the percent of DM partitioned to the grain (harvest index), which increased linearly with ETc and averaged 56.2% over the two seasons, but did not affect the percent allocated to the cob or stover. Irrigation applied in July had the highest positive coefficient of determination (R-2) with yield. This high positive correlation decreased considerably for irrigation applied in August, and became negative for irrigation applied in September. The best positive correlation between the soil water deficit factor (Ks) and yield occurred during weeks 12-14 from crop emergence, during the "milk" and "dough" growth stages. Yield was poorly correlated to stress during weeks 15 and 16, and the correlation became negative after week 17. Dividing the 150 mm allocation about evenly among July, August and September was a good strategy resulting in the highest yields in 2005, but not in 2006. Applying a larger proportion of the allocation in July was a good strategy during both years, and the opposite resulted when applying a large proportion of the allocation in September. The different results obtained between years indicate that flexible irrigation scheduling techniques should be adopted, rather than relying on fixed timing strategies. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Payero, J. O.] Queensland Primary Ind & Fisheries, Dept Employment Econ Dev & Innovat, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. [Tarkalson, D. D.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Irmak, S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Davison, D.; Petersen, J. L.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. RP Payero, JO (reprint author), Queensland Primary Ind & Fisheries, Dept Employment Econ Dev & Innovat, 203 Tor St,POB 102, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. EM jose.payero@dpi.qld.gov.au RI Payero, Jose/A-7916-2011 FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation; University of Nebraska-Lincoln FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, and by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Names of commercial products are solely provided as information to the reader and do not imply an endorsement or recommendation by the authors or their organizations. NR 57 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1387 EP 1397 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.03.022 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 479YM UT WOS:000268698200003 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Coleman, SW AF Sigua, Gilbert C. Coleman, Samuel W. TI Long-term effect of cow congregation zone on soil penetrometer resistance: implications for soils and forage quality SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; congregation sites; sustainability; agriculture; forage-based pastures ID LAND PASTURES; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; VEGETATION; CARBON; TIME; SALT AB Higher degree of soil penetrometer resistance can reduce forage yields and can lead to water and soil quality degradation due to increased runoff and soil structure destruction. The inability of roots to penetrate in soils with high penetrometer resistance will result in decreased yield. With less root penetration into the soil, root mass is reduced and plant's ability to take up nutrients is reduced. To test whether cattle congregation sites typical on most forage-based cow-calf ranches, such as mineral feeders, water troughs, and shaded areas are more compacted and have greater soil penetrometer resistance than in other pasture locations under Florida conditions, soil penetrometer resistance data around and beneath three cattle congregation sites in established (>10 yr) grazed beef cattle pastures were collected in 2004, 2005 and 2006. Penetrometer readings were collected from two soil depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) at different locations around the cattle congregation sites following radial (every 90 degrees: north, south, east, and west direction) sampling patterns at 0.9, 1.7, 3.3, 6.7, 13.3, 26.7 and 53.3 m away from the approximate center of cattle congregation sites. Results showed that area around or near cattle congregation sites tended to have higher soil penetrometer resistance values than in other locations within pasture field because of the frequent concentration of cattle around the different cattle congregation sites. Soil penetrometer resistance decreases linearly with distance away from the center of mineral feeders and water troughs; however, soil penetrometer resistance at the shaded areas was showing slight increase with distance away from the center. The least soil penetrometer resistance in all years were observed from shaded areas (1200 x 10(3) Pa) while soil penetrometer resistance at water troughs was about 1600 x 10(3) Pa and at mineral feeders of 1800 x 10(3) Pa. These values were in the "fair" range of root penetration. Penetrometer resistance of soils can be a good predictor of root system performance and especially useful in predicting root extension into the deeper regions of the root zone at the congregation zone and grazing zone in pasture. C1 [Sigua, Gilbert C.; Coleman, Samuel W.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1051/agro/2009021 PG 7 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 505AY UT WOS:000270661500003 ER PT J AU Kremer, RJ Ben-Hammouda, M AF Kremer, Robert J. Ben-Hammouda, Moncef TI Allelopathic Plants. 19. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L) SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Allelochemicals; allelopathy; autotoxicity; barley; flavonoids; green manure; gramine; hordenine; Hordeum vulgare; phenolic acids ID ACTIVE SECONDARY METABOLITES; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; APHID SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; POWDERY MILDEW FUNGUS; WEED-CONTROL; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; PRIMARY LEAVES; GROWTH AB Barley is integrated with other crops to inhibit weed growth, through allelopathic interactions. Effects of barley oil growth of other crops, weeds and autotoxicity among cultivars result primarily from allelopathy mediated by allelochemicals released from plant components and/or exuded from living roots. A limited number of allelochemicals are identified that contributes to allelopathic effectiveness of barley. High allelopathic effectiveness of barley has resulted ill its wide adoption as a cover crop in sustainable agricultural systems for weed management. The allelopathic effectiveness varies among the barley cultivars. hence, selection programmes might improve the allelopathic potential of new cultivars used for weed management. Allelochemicals in barley may be candidates for natural herbicides and innovative approaches for integrating barley cover cropping with other cultural practices to improve the sustainable or ecologically-based weed management. C1 [Kremer, Robert J.; Ben-Hammouda, Moncef] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Bob.Kremer@ars.usda.gov NR 102 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL PI ROHTAK PA INTERNATIONAL ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION, 101, SECTOR 14, ROHTAK 124 001, HARYANA, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 225 EP 241 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 499HF UT WOS:000270208300001 ER PT J AU Dermastia, M Kladnik, A Koce, JD Chourey, PS AF Dermastia, Marina Kladnik, Ales Koce, Jasna Dolenc Chourey, Prem S. TI A CELLULAR STUDY OF TEOSINTE ZEA MAYS SUBSP PARVIGLUMIS (POACEAE) CARYOPSIS DEVELOPMENT SHOWING SEVERAL PROCESSES CONSERVED IN MAIZE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE cell wall invertase; endoreduplication; genome size; maize; Poaceae; programmed cell death; teosinte; Zea mays subsp parviglumis ID NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; GENOME SIZE; ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; TRANSFER CELLS; SSP PARVIGLUMIS; IN-SITU; ENDOREDUPLICATION; PEDICEL; DEATH; MUTATION AB The evolutionary history of maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) is of general interest because of its economic and scientific importance. Here we show that many cellular traits described previously in developing caryopses of maize are also seen in its wild progenitor teosinte (Zea mays subsp. parviglumis). These features. each with a possible role in development, include (1) an early programmed cell death in the maternal placento-chalazal (P-C) layer that may lead to increased hydrolytic conductance to the developing seed, (2) accumulation of phenolics and flavonoids in the P-C layer that may be related to antimicrobial activity; (3) formation of wall ingrowths in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL); (4) localization of cell wall invertase in the BETL, which is attributed to the increased transport capacity of photosynthates to the sink; and (5) endoreduplication in endosperm nuclei suggested to contribute to increased gene expression and greater sink capacity of the developing seed. In maize caryopsis, these cellular traits have been previously attributed to domestication and selection for larger seed size and vigor. Given the conservation of the entire cellular program in developing teosinte caryopses described here, we suggest that these traits evolved independently of domestication and predate human selection pressure. C1 [Dermastia, Marina] Natl Inst Biol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Dermastia, Marina; Kladnik, Ales; Koce, Jasna Dolenc] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Biol, Biotech Fac, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Chourey, Prem S.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Chourey, Prem S.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dermastia, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Biol, Vecna Pot 111, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. EM marina.dermastia@nib.si RI Kladnik, Ales/B-6045-2008 OI Kladnik, Ales/0000-0002-3466-0088 FU Slovenian Research Agency [P1-0212]; U.S.A.Slovenia Cooperation in Science and Technology [BI-US/06-07-031]; U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida FX Manuscript received 20 February 2009: revision accepted 16 June 2009. The authors thank D. Francis for critical reading of the manuscript, and Q.-B. Li and R. Hennen for technical assistance. This work was supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (grant No. P1-0212) and by U.S.A.Slovenia Cooperation in Science and Technology (grant no. BI-US/06-07-031). This work was a cooperative investigation of the U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and the Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 96 IS 10 BP 1798 EP 1807 DI 10.3732/ajb.0900059 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 503MN UT WOS:000270538600007 PM 21622300 ER PT J AU Imamura, F Lichtenstein, AH Dallal, GE Meigs, JB Jacques, PF AF Imamura, Fumiaki Lichtenstein, Alice H. Dallal, Gerard E. Meigs, James B. Jacques, Paul F. TI Generalizability of dietary patterns associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; TRANS-FATTY-ACIDS; SUGAR-SWEETENED BEVERAGES; MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; MEAT INTAKE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; WHITEHALL-II; RISK AB Background: Reduced rank regression (RRR) has been used to derive dietary pattern scores that predict linear combinations of disease biomarkers. The generalizability of these patterns to independent populations remains unknown. Objective: The goal was to examine the generalizability of dietary patterns from the following prior studies using RRR to predict type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Germany (EPIC), and Whitehall II Study (WS). Design: The relative weights of food groups of each dietary pattern were used to generate each dietary pattern score in the Framingham Offspring Study (n = 2879). Each of the external scores (confirmatory scores) was examined to determine whether it could predict incident T2DM during 7 y of follow-up as well as scores developed internally in the Framingham Offspring Study using a Cox-proportional hazard model adjusted for T2DM risk factors. Results: Intakes of meat products, refined grains, and soft drinks (caloric and noncaloric) were found to be common predictive components of all confirmatory scores, but fried foods, eggs, and alcoholic beverages were predictive in some, but not in all, confirmatory scores. On the basis of a continuous increase in the score by 1 SD, the NHS-based confirmatory score predicted T2DM risk (hazard ratio: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.66). However, T2DM risk was only weakly predicted by the EPIC-based score (hazard ratio: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.32) and the WS-based score (hazard ratio: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.35). Conclusions: The study suggested that dietary patterns that predict T2DM risk in different populations may not be generalizable to different populations. Additional dietary pattern studies should be conducted with regard to generalizability. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1075-83. C1 [Imamura, Fumiaki; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Dallal, Gerard E.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul.jacques@tufts.edu OI Imamura, Fumiaki/0000-0002-6841-8396 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; National Institutes of Health [N01-HC-25195]; NIDDK [K24 DK080140] FX Supported in part by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707 and the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (contract no. N01-HC-25195). JBM was supported by NIDDK K24 DK080140. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1083 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28009 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 496GC UT WOS:000269956700025 PM 19710193 ER PT J AU Wanner, LA Haynes, KG AF Wanner, Leslie A. Haynes, Kathleen G. TI Aggressiveness of Streptomyces on Four Potato Cultivars and Implications for Common Scab Resistance Breeding SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Plant-pathogen-disease triangle; Resistance breeding ID NETTED SCAB; PATHOGENIC STREPTOMYCES; SP-NOV; THAXTOMIN; STRAINS; GENE; NEC1; PCR; RETICULISCABIEI; ACIDISCABIES AB Common scab (CS), caused by several species of Streptomyces, is a serious problem for potato growers. Although the mechanism of pathogenicity, based on the phytotoxin thaxtomin, is presumably conserved in all pathogenic species, Streptomyces isolates vary in aggressiveness, and regional patterns in Streptomyces species distribution have recently emerged. We demonstrate that Streptomyces isolates differ significantly in aggressiveness, and there are specific plant genotype-pathogen isolate interactions in four contrasting potato cultivars treated with Streptomyces isolates belonging to different species and molecular types. There were significant differences between experiments, among isolates, among cultivars, and some of the two-way interactions were significant. The sum of all main and interaction effects among plant, pathogen, and experiment accounted for only 50-55% of total variation in CS disease symptoms. More information on specific plant-pathogen interactions combined with knowledge of the distribution of CS-causing species could form the basis for successful recommendations of suitable potato cultivars, and will contribute to more accurate and reproducible phenotyping required for genetic studies of CS resistance in potato. C1 [Wanner, Leslie A.; Haynes, Kathleen G.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wanner, LA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Leslie.Wanner@ars.usda.gov FU USDA- ARS CRIS [1275- 21220- 223 0OD, 1275- 21000- 176- 0OD] FX Technical assistance by Stephanie Ray is gratefully acknowledged. This research was supported by USDA- ARS CRIS project numbers 1275- 21220- 223 0OD and 1275- 21000- 176- 0OD. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 86 IS 5 BP 335 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9088-9 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 495GM UT WOS:000269878800001 ER PT J AU Bamberg, J del Rio, A Moreyra, R AF Bamberg, John del Rio, Alfonso Moreyra, Rocio TI Genetic Consequences of Clonal Versus Seed Sampling in Model Populations of Two Wild Potato Species Indigenous to the USA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE In situ; Collecting; Genetic structure; Genebanks; Germplasm ID PLANT-POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; SIZE; ACCESSIONS; GERMPLASM; SYSTEM AB Wild potatoes reproduce in the wild clonally by tubers or sexually by seeds. This case study examined the genetic consequences of sampling in situ clones or in situ seeds for model populations of two indigenous potato species of the USA, Solanum stoloniferum (formerly S. fendleri) PI 564039 and Solanum jamesii PI 605371. Solanum stoloniferum is a selfing disomic tetraploid while S. jamesii is a diploid that reproduces by outcrossing. Genetic diversity of in situ clonal collections and in situ seed collections of these species were compared with RAPDs. More diversity (i.e., RAPD polymorphism) was found within the tuber collection than seed collection for S. stoloniferum but for S. jamesii, the opposite was true, with seed collection capturing significantly more diversity than tubers. It has generally been assumed that collecting in situ seeds will result in capture of more genetic diversity. However, this work indicates that clonal collections may capture more genetic diversity, perhaps depending on the breeding behavior of the species. C1 [Bamberg, John] Agr Res Serv, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, US Potato Genebank, USDA, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. [del Rio, Alfonso; Moreyra, Rocio] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bamberg, J (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, US Potato Genebank, USDA, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM john.bamberg@ars.usda.gov OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 86 IS 5 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9091-1 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 495GM UT WOS:000269878800004 ER PT J AU Arriaga, FJ Lowery, B Kelling, KA AF Arriaga, Francisco J. Lowery, Birl Kelling, Keith A. TI Surfactant Impact on Nitrogen Utilization and Leaching in Potatoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Drainage; Groundwater; N uptake; N rate; Wetting agent ID NONIONIC SURFACTANT; IRRIGATED POTATO; SPARTA SAND; CROP-YIELD; WATER; SOIL; GROUNDWATER; FERTILIZER; CHLORIDE AB Some producers face a unique problem with potato (Solanum tuberosum) production on sandy soils where a dry zone can develop in the potato hill. Surfactants may reduce this dry zone by decreasing water surface tension, thus enhancing water and nutrient uptake. A study was established to determine if band applying nonionic surfactant at 9.35 L ha(-1) in the seed furrow at planting would reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)-N) leaching and increase potato yield and quality. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer was applied at 34, 168, 236, and 303 kg N ha(-1). Porous cup samplers were installed beneath the row at 1-m depth in three treatments, with soil solution samples collected weekly. Nitrate-N concentration and irrigation + rainfall data were used to estimate nitrate leaching. Surfactant application resulted in changes of total NO(3)-N load between + 6.0 and -46.7% for this 3- year study; however, because of high within-treatment variation for the soil water NO(3)-N samples, these differences were not statistically significant at the < 0.10 p-value, although a two sample t-test of +/- surfactant treatments across N rates and years resulted in a < 0.01 p-value. Nitrate-N leaching increased with increasing N fertilization rate. Soil NO(3)-N concentration 20 days after the last N fertilization was significantly less (30.1%) with surfactant application across all years and N rates. Soil NH(4)-N at this time also tended to be decreased with surfactant application (19.7% reduction, p = 0.12). Total potato yield was not affected by surfactant use, but increased with increasing N rate. Tuber N content increased with surfactant use, resulting in increased crop N uptake. C1 [Arriaga, Francisco J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Lowery, Birl; Kelling, Keith A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Arriaga, FJ (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM francisco.arriaga@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 86 IS 5 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9093-z PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 495GM UT WOS:000269878800006 ER PT J AU Bamberg, JB Del Rio, AH AF Bamberg, J. B. Del Rio, A. H. TI Unbalanced Bulk of Parents' Seed does not Cause Significant Drift in Germplasm Regeneration of Two Model Potato (Solanum) Species Populations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Germplasm; Andigena; Conservation ID RAPD MARKERS; SIZE; AFLP AB Although the potato of commerce, the autotetraploid Solanum tuberosum is a clonal crop, genebank maintenance of wild and cultivated relatives is commonly done as populations of true seeds. In order to help equalize gamete contribution and prevent genetic drift over seed regenerations, an equal number of seeds from each mother plant may be bulked as a source of parents for future regenerations. To determine if this extra sample is beneficial, we selected two S. andigena populations with great variation of seed production among mother plants. Seed production of each mother plant was recorded over 12 standard seed regenerations and genetic indicators were developed in the form of 105 polymorphic RAPD bands. For each polymorphic band, the variation of seed production among mother plants was used to estimate the potential impact on band phenotypic frequency due to an over-all seed bulk. Most bands were fixed or nearly fixed within at least one of the populations, such that the variation in maternal seedset observed would not have put them at signficant risk of being lost in an over-all bulk. For balanced bulks to provide a significant preservation advantage, a band must be rare in all populations and associated with mother plants that produce significantly fewer seeds. Of over 100 loci assessed here, none met these conditions. We therefore conclude that the duplication of documentation and storage space invested in making balanced seed bulks probably return little genetic benefit to the genebank. C1 [Bamberg, J. B.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, US Potato Genebank, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. [Del Rio, A. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bamberg, JB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, US Potato Genebank, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM John.Bamberg@ars.usda.gov OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 86 IS 5 BP 391 EP 397 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9094-y PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 495GM UT WOS:000269878800007 ER PT J AU Mayagaya, VS Michel, K Benedict, MQ Killeen, GF Wirtz, RA Ferguson, HM Dowell, FE AF Mayagaya, Valeliana S. Michel, Kristin Benedict, Mark Q. Killeen, Gerry F. Wirtz, Robert A. Ferguson, Heather M. Dowell, Floyd E. TI Non-destructive Determination of Age and Species of Anopheles gambiae s.l. Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AFRICAN MALARIA VECTORS; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; WESTERN KENYA; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MOSQUITO POPULATIONS; INOCULATION RATE; CULICIDAE; TANZANIA; DIPTERA AB Determining, malaria vector species and age is crucial to measure malaria risk. Although different in ecology and susceptibility to control, the African malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and An. arabiensis are morphologically similar and can be differentiated only by molecular techniques. Furthermore, few reliable methods exist to estimate the age of these vectors, which is a key predictor of malaria transmission intensity. We evaluated the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (LAIRS) to determine vector species and age. This non-destructive technique predicted the species of field-collected mosquitoes with approximately 80% accuracy and predicted the species of laboratory-reared insects with almost 100% accuracy. The relative age of young or old females was predicted with approximately 80% accuracy, and young and old insects were predicted with >= 90% accuracy. For applications where rapid assessment of the age structure and species composition of wild vector populations is needed, LAIRS offers a valuable alternative to traditional methods. C1 [Dowell, Floyd E.] USDA ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Ifakara Hlth Inst, Biomed Unit, Ifakara Branch, Ifakara, Tanzania. Ifakara Hlth Inst, Biomed Unit, Dar Salaam Branch, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Michel, Kristin] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Benedict, Mark Q.] Int Atom Energy Agcy Labs, Div Human Hlth, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. [Killeen, Gerry F.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Vector Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Ferguson, Heather M.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8TA, Lanark, Scotland. [Wirtz, Robert A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Killeen, Gerry F.] Ifakara Hlth Inst, Coordinat Off, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mayagaya, Valeliana S.] Ifakara Hlth Inst, Entomol Unit, Ifakara, Tanzania. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM vmayagaya@ihi.or.tz; kmichel@ksu.edu; m.benedict@iaea.org; gkilleen@ihi.or.tz; rwirtz@cdc.gov; hferg001@udef.gla.ac.uk; floyd.dowell@ars.usda.gov RI Michel, Kristin/F-3400-2011; OI Ferguson, Heather/0000-0002-9625-5176 FU International Atomic Energy Agency; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Wellcome Trust [076806] FX We thank Dr. Leon Hugo (Public Health Entomologist, Mosquito Control Laboratory. Queensland Institute of Medical Research. Herston, Queensland, Australia) and Dr. Benjamin Aldrich (Department of Anesthesia. University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa) for comments on early versions of this manuscript; Paul Howell (Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center, CDC) for providing mosquitoes; the International Atomic Energy Agency for providing fellowship funding to train Valeliana Mayagaya on the LAIRS technique; Kristina Wyatt. Heather Wilkins, and Kjersti Kjos for rearing mosquitoes at KSU; the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council for providing funding for field collections in Tanzania: the Wellcome Trust for supporting the contribution of Gerry F. Killeen through Research Career Development Fellowship number 076806: Elizabeth Maghirang for help in scanning mosquitoes and analyzing data; and the CDC for providing travel funds for field tests. NR 67 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 81 IS 4 BP 622 EP 630 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0192 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 502QC UT WOS:000270474000017 PM 19815877 ER PT J AU Lacki, MJ Cox, DR Dickinson, MB AF Lacki, Michael J. Cox, Daniel R. Dickinson, Matthew B. TI Meta-analysis of Summer Roosting Characteristics of Two Species of Myotis Bats SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ENDANGERED INDIANA BAT; LONG-EARED BATS; HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; MATERNITY COLONIES; CHAMPLAIN VALLEY; SELECTION; SODALIS; SEPTENTRIONALIS; ECOLOGY; FOREST AB We compared roost site characteristics of the Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) and northern bat (M. septentrionalis), which form maternity colonies in cavities and beneath bark of dead (snags) and living trees in eastern North American forests We used published data (n = 28 sources; n = 1145 roost trees) from studies completed where the distributions of the two species overlap and evaluated a suite of habitat features that might affect roost selection and interspecific competition between these two congeners. We found no differences between these species in average height of roost aboveground, density of snags in the vicinity of roosts, selection of live trees versus snags or relative elevation. Populations of northern bats were more likely to choose roosts in crevices or cavities (88.9%) than Indiana hats (30.0%, P < 0.1), and roosted in trees that averaged smaller in diameter (30.0 +/- 5.4 cm) than trees selected by Indiana bats (41.4 +/- 2.4 cm; P < 0.1). Northern bats demonstrated greater variability than Indiana bats in height of roosts aboveground and in stem diameter of roost trees. Existing data indicate northern bats exhibit greater plasticity in choice of summer roosts than Indiana bats explaining, in part, why northern bats are more widely distributed and in forests of eastern North America than are Indiana bats. C1 [Lacki, Michael J.; Cox, Daniel R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Lacki, MJ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM mlacki@uky.edu OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 162 IS 2 BP 318 EP 326 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-162.2.318 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511BI UT WOS:000271138500009 ER PT J AU Gilbert, JH Zollner, PA Green, AK Wright, JL Karasov, WH AF Gilbert, Jonathan H. Zollner, Patrick A. Green, Adam K. Wright, John L. Karasov, William H. TI Seasonal Field Metabolic Rates of American Martens in Wisconsin SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DAILY ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; SMALL MAMMALS; PINE MARTENS; WINTER; COST; ECOLOGY; HUMANS AB We report on FMR of free-living American martens (Martes americana) in autumn and winter in northern Wisconsin. Mean body mass was significantly higher in males (1099 +/- 43 [S.E.] g) than females (737 +/- 28 g), with no significant difference by season. Daily mass change rates of martens did not differ from zero, and mass change rate and percent of body fat did not differ by gender or season. These data are consistent with our expectation that non-reproductive martens balance their energy budge on a near daily basis, even in winter, and rely little on body energy reserves. Energy expenditure, and hence food requirements, declined 24% from fall (1006 +/- 96 kJ/d) to winter (725 +/- 96 kJ/d), despite colder temperatures and deep snow. Both males and females were active nearly 50% less in winter (4.8 +/- 1.0 h/d) than in autumn (9.1 +/- 0.7). It appears that, in addition to lowering core body temperature and seeking thermal cover, martens decreased activity levels from fall to winter to reduce energy expenditures and food requirements. C1 [Gilbert, Jonathan H.] Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commiss, Odanah 54861, WI USA. [Zollner, Patrick A.; Wright, John L.] US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Green, Adam K.; Karasov, William H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gilbert, JH (reprint author), Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commiss, POB 9, Odanah 54861, WI USA. RI Zollner, Patrick/A-8727-2010 OI Zollner, Patrick/0000-0001-8263-7029 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 162 IS 2 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-162.2.327 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511BI UT WOS:000271138500010 ER PT J AU Schrecengost, JD Kilgo, JC Ray, HS Miller, KV AF Schrecengost, Joshua D. Kilgo, John C. Ray, H. Scott Miller, Karl V. TI Home Range, Habitat Use and Survival of Coyotes in Western South Carolina SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO; DAILY MOVEMENTS; FOOD-HABITS; SIZE; TEXAS AB Home range size, habitat use and survival of coyotes are variable throughout their range Because coyotes have recently become established in South Carolina, we investigated their spatial distribution, habitat use and mortality on the Savannah River Site (SRS) in western South Carolina, USA. Annual survival for adult coyotes on the SRS was 0.658. Off-site trapping and shooting accounted for 60% of mortality. Home ranges averaged 30.5 km(2) and 31.85 km(2) by the 95% minimum convex polygon and 95% fixed kernel methods, respectively. We detected no difference in home ranges size between males and females. Intraspecific home range overlap averaged 22.4%, excluding mated pair interactions, with 87.5% of coyotes sharing their home range with one or more individuals. Coyotes selected home ranges containing higher proportions of early successional habitat than was available on the landscape. Core areas likewise contained a greater proportion of early successional habitat than available in the animals home range. C1 [Schrecengost, Joshua D.; Miller, Karl V.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kilgo, John C.] USDA, Forest Serv So Res Stat, New Ellenton 29809, SC USA. [Ray, H. Scott] USDA, Forest Serv Savannah River, New Ellenton 29809, SC USA. RP Miller, KV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM josh.schrecengost@dnr.state.ga.us; kmiller@warnell.uga.edu NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 162 IS 2 BP 346 EP 355 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-162.2.346 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511BI UT WOS:000271138500012 ER PT J AU White, SN Mousel, MR Reynolds, JO Lewis, GS Herrmann-Hoesing, LM AF White, S. N. Mousel, M. R. Reynolds, J. O. Lewis, G. S. Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M. TI Common promoter deletion is associated with 3.9-fold differential transcription of ovine CCR5 and reduced proviral level of ovine progressive pneumonia virus SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CCR5 receptor; genetic markers; maedi-visna virus; progressive interstitial pneumonia of sheep; promoter regions (genetics) ID MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-1 ENTRY; IFN-GAMMA; INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POLYMORPHISM; EXPRESSION; SHEEP; CCR5-DELTA-32 AB P>Chemokine (C-C motif) Receptor 5 (CCR5) is a chemokine receptor that regulates immune cell recruitment in inflammation and serves as a coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A human CCR5 coding deletion (termed delta-32) results in strong resistance to HIV infection, and sequence variants in CCR5 regulatory regions have been implicated in delayed progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Both ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV), also known as maedi-visna, and HIV are macrophage-tropic lentiviruses, have similar genomic structures, and cause lifelong persistent host infection, suggesting CCR5 may have a role in regulating OPPV provirus levels. Therefore, the ovine CCR5 genomic sequence was determined, and sequence variants were obtained from the open reading frame and surrounding regulatory sites. One CCR5 variant contained a 4-base deletion within a binding site for octamer transcription factors in the promoter region. A test for differential transcription from each allele in heterozygous animals showed a 3.9-fold transcription difference (P < 0.0001). OPPV proviral levels were also measured in 351 naturally exposed Rambouillet, Polypay and Columbia sheep. Deletion homozygotes showed reduced OPPV proviral levels among these animals (P < 0.01). The association of this CCR5 promoter deletion with OPPV levels will need to be validated in additional populations before the deletion can be recommended for widespread use in marker-assisted selection. However, because of the large impact on transcription and because CCR5 has roles in inflammation, recruitment of effector cells, and cell-mediated immunity, this deletion may play a role in the control of infections of many diverse pathogens of sheep. C1 [White, S. N.; Reynolds, J. O.; Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [White, S. N.; Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [White, S. N.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mousel, M. R.; Lewis, G. S.] ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, USDA, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP White, SN (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, POB 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM swhite@vetmed.wsu.edu OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054; Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 FU Washington State University, ADRU, and USSES; USDA-ARS CWA [5348-32000-029-00D] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Codie Durfee, Heather Garcia, Nic Durfee, Liam Broughton, Tom Kellom, and the farm crews at Washington State University, ADRU, and USSES for technical assistance. We thank Hong Li for providing some of the OPPV-free, MCFV-free sheep used for transcriptional analysis. This research was funded by USDA-ARS CWA No. 5348-32000-029-00D. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 40 IS 5 BP 583 EP 589 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01882.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 491IT UT WOS:000269572800001 PM 19397512 ER PT J AU Settles, M Zanella, R Mckay, SD Schnabel, RD Taylor, JF Whitlock, R Schukken, Y Van Kessel, JS Smith, JM Neibergs, H AF Settles, M. Zanella, R. McKay, S. D. Schnabel, R. D. Taylor, J. F. Whitlock, R. Schukken, Y. Van Kessel, J. S. Smith, J. M. Neibergs, H. TI A whole genome association analysis identifies loci associated with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection status in US holstein cattle SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Bos taurus; BovineSNP50; genome wide association; Johne's disease; SNP chip ID GENETIC-VARIATION; JOHNES-DISEASE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; FECAL CULTURE; UNITED-STATES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HERITABILITY; CALVES AB P>The purpose of this study was to identify loci associated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) infection status in US Holsteins using the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay. Two hundred forty-five cows from dairies in New York, Pennsylvania and Vermont enrolled in longitudinal herd studies between January 1999 and November 2007 were assessed for the presence of Map in both faecal and tissue samples. An animal was considered tissue infected if any sample contained at least one colony forming unit of Map per gram of tissue (CFU/g) and the same definition was employed for faecal samples. Each animal was genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip and after quality assurance filtering, 218 animals and 45 683 SNPs remained. We sought to identify loci associated with four different case/control classifications: presence of Map in the tissue, presence of Map in faeces, presence of Map in both tissue and faeces and presence of Map in tissue but not faeces. A case-control genome wide association study was conducted to test the four different classifications of Map infection status (cases) when compared with a Map-negative control group (control). Regions on chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 8, 16, 21 and 23 were identified with moderate significance (P < 5 x 10(-5)). Two regions, one on chromosome 3 (near EDN2) and another on chromosome 9 (no positional gene candidates), were identified with a high level of association to the presence of Map in tissue and both tissue and faeces respectively (P < 5 x 10(-7), genome-wide Bonferonni P < 0.05). C1 [Settles, M.; Zanella, R.; Neibergs, H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [McKay, S. D.; Schnabel, R. D.; Taylor, J. F.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Whitlock, R.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Schukken, Y.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Van Kessel, J. S.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, J. M.] Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Neibergs, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM neibergs@wsu.edu RI Zanella, Ricardo/A-4644-2011; Settles, Matthew/F-2031-2011; Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008; OI Zanella, Ricardo/0000-0003-1449-6708; Settles, Matthew/0000-0002-3424-1086; Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641 FU Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University. JFT, SDK and RDS; National Research Initiative [2005-35205-15448, 2005-35604-15615, 2006-35205-16701, 2006-35616-16697]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service; F, RW, YS, JSVK, JSK, EH and JMS; USDA-Agricultural Research Service [58-1265-3-155, 58-1265-3-156, 58-1265-3-158, 58-1265-4-020]; Regional Dairy Quality Management Alliance (RDQMA); Johne's Disease Integrated Program [45105] FX MS was supported by the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University. JFT, SDK and RDS were supported by National Research Initiative grants 2005-35205-15448, 2005-35604-15615, 2006-35205-16701 and 2006-35616-16697 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service. TF, RW, YS, JSVK, JSK, EH and JMS were supported in part by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service (Agreements. 58-1265-3-155, 58-1265-3-156, 58-1265-3-158 and 58-1265-4-020) for the Regional Dairy Quality Management Alliance (RDQMA) and the Johne's Disease Integrated Program (JDIP, USDA contract 45105). The authors would also like to thank Jan Vierck (Washington State University), Terry Fyock (University of Pennsylvania), Ernest Hovingh (Penn State University) and Jeff Karns (ARS-USDA) for their contributions with sample collection and preparation. NR 27 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 40 IS 5 BP 655 EP 662 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01896.x PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 491IT UT WOS:000269572800010 PM 19422364 ER PT J AU Taris, N Lang, RP Reno, PW Camara, MD AF Taris, N. Lang, R. P. Reno, P. W. Camara, M. D. TI Transcriptome response of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to infection with Vibrio tubiashii using cDNA AFLP differential display SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE complementary DNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism; Crassostrea gigas; gene transcription; Real-time PCR; Vibrio tubiashii ID JUVENILE BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; EXPRESSED-SEQUENCE TAGS; SUMMER MORTALITY; PROLINE BIOSYNTHESIS; BACILLARY NECROSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; STRESS-RESPONSE; MARINE BIVALVE; GILL TISSUE; CG-TIMP AB P>We used qualitative complementary DNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) differential display analysis and real-time, quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to identify genes in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, whose transcription either changes in response to exposure to a pathogenic bacterium (Vibrio tubiashii) or varies between families known to differ in sensitivity to heat stress, before and at 12 and 36 h after bacterial exposure at a temperature of 25 degrees C. These conditions simulate those associated with summer mortality syndrome, a poorly understood cause of massive mortalities in cultured Pacific oysters in North America, Asia and Europe. Using 32 AFLP primer pairs, we identified 92 transcript-derived fragments that are qualitatively differentially expressed. We then cloned and sequenced 14 of these fragments, designed fragment-specific primers and quantified their transcription patterns using RT-qPCR. Most of the differences in transcription patterns between stress-tolerant and stress-sensitive families were evident before bacterial exposure, and genes that responded to bacterial exposure did so in parallel between stress-sensitive and stress-tolerant families. blast searches of sequence databases revealed that these fragments represent genes involved in immune response as well as genes related to metabolic processes. Our data support the hypothesis that family level differences in resistance to stress in Pacific oysters are largely attributable to constitutive differences in gene transcription or 'general vigour' that are detectable before and maintained after infection, rather than being due to induced responses at the transcriptome level. C1 [Taris, N.; Camara, M. D.] USDA ARS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Lang, R. P.; Reno, P. W.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Camara, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mark.camara@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service Shellfish Genetics Program [5358-31000-001-00D] FX This research was supported with funding from the USDA Agricultural Research Service Shellfish Genetics Program (CRIS Project #5358-31000-001-00D). NR 80 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 40 IS 5 BP 663 EP 677 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01894.x PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 491IT UT WOS:000269572800011 PM 19456319 ER PT J AU Lindholm-Perry, AK Rohrer, GA Holl, JW Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M Nonneman, D AF Lindholm-Perry, A. K. Rohrer, G. A. Holl, J. W. Shackelford, S. D. Wheeler, T. L. Koohmaraie, M. Nonneman, D. TI Relationships among calpastatin single nucleotide polymorphisms, calpastatin expression and tenderness in pork longissimus(1) SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE calpastatin; gene expression; meat quality; pig; single nucleotide polymorphism ID MEAT QUALITY TRAITS; BACKFAT THICKNESS; GENOME SCAN; DUROC; CARCASS; POPULATION; PIGS; CHROMOSOME-2; PROTEOLYSIS; MUSCLES AB P>Genome scans in the pig have identified a region on chromosome 2 (SSC2) associated with tenderness. Calpastatin is a likely positional candidate gene in this region because of its inhibitory role in the calpain system that is involved in postmortem tenderization. Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in calpastatin were identified and used to genotype a population (n = 1042) of Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire swine for association with longissimus lumborum slice shear force (SSF) measured at days 7 and 14 postmortem. Three genetic markers residing in the calpastatin gene were significantly associated with SSF (P < 0.0005). Haplotypes constructed from markers in the calpastatin gene were significantly associated with SSF (F-ratio = 3.93; P-value = 0.002). The levels of normalized mRNA expression of calpastatin in the longissimus lumborum of 162 animals also were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and were associated with the genotype of the most significant marker for SSF (P < 0.02). This evidence suggests that the causative variation alters expression of calpastatin, thus affecting tenderness. In summary, these data provide evidence of several significant, publicly available SNP markers associated with SSF that may be useful to the swine industry for marker assisted selection of animals that have more tender meat. C1 [Lindholm-Perry, A. K.; Rohrer, G. A.; Shackelford, S. D.; Wheeler, T. L.; Nonneman, D.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Holl, J. W.] Smithfield Premium Genet Grp, Rose Hill, NC 28458 USA. [Koohmaraie, M.] IEH Labs & Consulting Grp, Lake Forest Pk, WA 98155 USA. RP Nonneman, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM dan.nonneman@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 40 IS 5 BP 713 EP 721 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01903.x PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 491IT UT WOS:000269572800016 PM 19422367 ER PT J AU Ortiz, R Simon, P Jansky, S Stelly, D AF Ortiz, Rodomiro Simon, Philipp Jansky, Shelley Stelly, David TI Ploidy manipulation of the gametophyte, endosperm and sporophyte in nature and for crop improvement: a tribute to Professor Stanley J. Peloquin (1921-2008) SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE 2n gametes; endosperm balance number; haploid; Solanum; true potato seed ID TRUE-POTATO-SEED; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; TUBER-BEARING SOLANUMS; WILD SPECIES HYBRIDS; HALF-TETRAD ANALYSIS; 2N EGG FORMATION; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY REACTION; MEIOTIC DIVISION RESTITUTION; GEL DISC ELECTROPHORESIS; INHIBITOR SLI GENE AB Emeritus Campbell-Bascom Professor Stanley J. Peloquin was an internationally renowned plant geneticist and breeder who made exceptional contributions to the quantity, quality and sustainable supply of food for the world from his innovative and extensive scientific contributions. For five decades, Dr Peloquin merged basic research in plant reproduction, cytology, cytogenetics, genetics, potato (Solanum tuberosum) improvement and education at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Successive advances across these five decades redefined scientific comprehension of reproductive variation, its genetic control, genetic effects, evolutionary impact and utility for breeding. In concert with the International Potato Center (CIP), he and others translated the advances into application, resulting in large benefits on food production worldwide, exemplifying the importance of integrated innovative university research and graduate education to meet domestic and international needs. Dr Peloquin is known to plant breeders, geneticists, international agricultural economists and potato researchers for his enthusiastic and incisive contributions to genetic enhancement of potato using haploids, 2n gametes and wild Solanum species; for his pioneering work on potato cultivation through true seed; and as mentor of a new generation of plant breeders worldwide. The genetic enhancement of potato, the fourth most important food crop worldwide, benefited significantly from expanded germplasm utilization and advanced reproductive genetic knowledge, which he and co-workers, including many former students, systematically transformed into applied breeding methods. His research on plant sexual reproduction included subjects such as haploidization and polyploidization, self- and cross-incompatibility, cytoplasmic male sterility and restorer genes, gametophytic/sporophytic heterozygosity and male fertility, as well as endosperm dosages and seed development. By defining methods of half-tetrad analysis and new cytological techniques, he elucidated modes, mechanisms and genetic controls and effects of 2n gametes in Solanum. Ramifications extend to many other crops and plants, in both basic and applied sciences. Based upon a foundation of genetics, cytogenetics and plant reproductive biology, Dr Peloquin and co-workers developed methods to use 2n gametes and haploids for breeding, and used them to move genes for important horticultural traits from wild tuber-bearing Solanum species to cultivated potato for the betterment of agriculture. The resulting potato germplasm included combinations of yield, adaptation, quality and disease resistance traits that were previously unavailable. This elite plant germplasm was utilized and distributed to 85 countries by the CIP, because it not only increased potato yields and quality, it also broadened the adaptation of potato to lowland tropical regions, where humanity has benefited from this addition to their food supply. C1 [Ortiz, Rodomiro] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Simon, Philipp; Jansky, Shelley] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stelly, David] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ortiz, R (reprint author), Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. EM r.ortiz@cgiar.org OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 131 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 104 IS 5 BP 795 EP 807 DI 10.1093/aob/mcp207 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 499JX UT WOS:000270217500002 PM 19689972 ER PT J AU Islam, MA Apostol, KG Jacobs, DF Dumroese, RK AF Islam, M. Anisul Apostol, Kent G. Jacobs, Douglass F. Dumroese, R. Kasten TI Fall fertilization of Pinus resinosa seedlings: nutrient uptake, cold hardiness, and morphological development SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold hardiness; growth; nitrogen fertilization; needle primordia ID PICEA-MARIANA SEEDLINGS; LATE-SEASON FERTILIZATION; RED SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; FROST HARDINESS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CONIFER SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; TOLERANCE; NURSERY; NEEDLES AB Fall fertilization may increase plant nutrient reserves, yet associated impacts on seedling cold hardiness are relatively unexplored. Bareroot red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings in north-central Minnesota, USA were fall fertilized at the end of the first growing season with ammonium nitrate (NH(4)NO(3)) at 0, 11, 22, 44, or 89 kg N ha(-1). Seedling morphology and cold hardiness [ assessed by freeze induced electrolyte leakage (FIEL)] were evaluated six weeks after fertilization and following the second growing season. Seedling height and number of needle primordia increased with fertilizer rate for both sampling years. Seedlings fertilized with 44 and 89 kg N ha-1 attained target height (15 cm) after the second growing season. Shoot and root N concentration increased after the first growing season in fall fertilized seedlings compared to controls. Fall fertilized seedlings had lower FIEL (i.e., increased cold hardiness) compared to controls when tested at -40 degrees C after the first growing season, but no significant differences in FIEL of control and fertilized seedlings were observed after the second growing season. Results suggest that fall fertilization of red pine seedlings can help render desired target height in the nursery, while maintaining or increasing cold hardiness levels. C1 [Islam, M. Anisul; Jacobs, Douglass F.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Apostol, Kent G.] Bethel Univ, Dept Biol Sci, St Paul, MN 55112 USA. [Dumroese, R. Kasten] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Jacobs, DF (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM djacobs@purdue.edu FU USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry FX This study was funded by the USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry through the Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetics Resources, the Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, and the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources at Purdue University. We sincerely appreciate assistance from Craig VanSickle during the field trial and Michelle Williams for laboratory measurements. Deb Sherman of the Life Science Microscopy at Purdue University assisted with imaging. We also thank Gilbert Aussenac and two anonymous referees for providing helpful comments that improved the manuscript. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOREST SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD OCT-NOV PY 2009 VL 66 IS 7 AR 704 DI 10.1051/forest/2009061 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 508DA UT WOS:000270906600004 ER PT J AU Schwint, ON Ueti, MW Palmer, GH Kappmeyer, LS Hines, MT Cordes, RT Knowles, DP Scoles, GA AF Schwint, O. Nicolas Ueti, Massaro W. Palmer, Guy H. Kappmeyer, Lowell S. Hines, Melissa T. Cordes, R. Timothy Knowles, Donald P. Scoles, Glen A. TI Imidocarb Dipropionate Clears Persistent Babesia caballi Infection with Elimination of Transmission Potential SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE PIROPLASMOSIS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; B-CABALLI; HORSES; CHEMOTHERAPY; BOVIS; PARASITEMIA; GENERATION; ANTIBODIES; RESERVOIRS AB Antimicrobial treatment of persistent infection to eliminate transmission risk represents a specific challenge requiring compelling evidence of complete pathogen clearance. The limited repertoire of antimicrobial agents targeted at protozoal parasites magnifies this challenge. Using Babesia caballi as both a model and a specific apicomplexan pathogen for which evidence of the elimination of transmission risk is required for international animal movement, we tested whether a high-dose regimen of imidocarb dipropionate cleared infection from persistently infected asymptomatic horses and/or eliminated transmission risk. Clearance with elimination of transmission risk was supported by the following four specific lines of evidence: (i) inability to detect parasites by quantitative PCR and nested PCR amplification, (ii) conversion from seropositive to seronegative status, (iii) inability to transmit infection by direct inoculation of blood into susceptible recipient horses, and (iv) inability to transmit infection by ticks acquisition fed on the treated horses and subsequently transmission fed on susceptible horses. In contrast, untreated horses remained infected and capable of transmitting B. caballi using the same criteria. These findings establish that imidocarb dipropionate treatment clears B. caballi infection with confirmation of lack of transmission risk either by direct blood transfer or a high tick burden. Importantly, the treated horses revert to seronegative status according to the international standard for serologic testing and would be permitted to move between countries where the pathogen is endemic and countries that are free of the pathogen. C1 [Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, ARS USDA PWA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schwint, O. Nicolas; Ueti, Massaro W.; Palmer, Guy H.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Sch Global Anim Heath, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hines, Melissa T.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cordes, R. Timothy] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Equine Programs, USDA, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Knowles, DP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, ARS USDA PWA, 3005 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dknowles@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS [5348-32000-028-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project number 5348-32000-028-00D. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 53 IS 10 BP 4327 EP 4332 DI 10.1128/AAC.00404-09 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 496ZS UT WOS:000270020600038 PM 19620328 ER PT J AU Kovalev, VA Petkov, A Wold, C Urbanski, S Hao, WM AF Kovalev, Vladimir A. Petkov, Alexander Wold, Cyle Urbanski, Shawn Hao, Wei Min TI Determination of smoke plume and layer heights using scanning lidar data SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TOP; AFRICA; FIRE AB The methodology of using mobile scanning lidar data for investigation of smoke plume rise and high-resolution smoke dispersion is considered. The methodology is based on the lidar-signal transformation proposed recently [Appl. Opt. 48, 2559 (2009)]. In this study, similar methodology is used to create the atmospheric heterogeneity height indicator (HHI), which shows all heights at which the smoke plume heterogeneity was detected by a scanning lidar. The methodology is simple and robust. Subtraction of the initial lidar signal offset from the measured lidar signal is not required. HHI examples derived from lidar scans obtained with the U. S. Forest Service, Fire Sciences Laboratory mobile lidar in areas polluted by wildfires are presented, and the basic details of the methodology are discussed. (C) 2009 C1 [Kovalev, Vladimir A.; Petkov, Alexander; Wold, Cyle; Urbanski, Shawn; Hao, Wei Min] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Kovalev, VA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM vkovalev@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 28 BP 5287 EP 5294 DI 10.1364/AO.48.005287 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 501JJ UT WOS:000270377500010 PM 19798367 ER PT J AU Sohn, M Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE de Haseth, JA AF Sohn, Miryeong Himmelsbach, David S. Barton, Franklin E., II de Haseth, James A. TI Transfer of Calibrations for Barley Quality from Dispersive Instrument to Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Instrument SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Calibration transfer; Transfer samples; Near-infrared spectroscopy; NIR spectroscopy; Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy; FT-NIR spectroscopy; Barley; Starch; Protein ID SPECTROMETRIC INSTRUMENTS; STANDARDIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SAMPLES; MODEL C1 [Sohn, Miryeong; Himmelsbach, David S.; Barton, Franklin E., II] ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sohn, M (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM miryeong.sohn@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 63 IS 10 BP 1190 EP 1196 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 549AE UT WOS:000274012000016 PM 19843372 ER PT J AU Okada, M Grewell, BJ Jasieniuk, M AF Okada, Miki Grewell, Brenda J. Jasieniuk, Marie TI Clonal spread of invasive Ludwigia hexapetala and L. grandiflora in freshwater wetlands of California SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Ludwigia hexapetala; Ludwigia grandiflora; Invasive; Aquatic weed; Clonal reproduction; AFLP ID EXOTIC DIOSCOREA-OPPOSITIFOLIA; AQUATIC PLANT; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; EXTREME VARIATION; SEED DISPERSAL; CONSEQUENCES AB Ludwigia hexapetala and L. grandiflora are recent, aggressive invaders of freshwater wetlands in California. To assess the relative role of sexual versus clonal reproduction in invasive spread, we used AFLP markers to genotype 794 ramets of L. hexapetala sampled from 27 populations in three watersheds of California, and 150 ramets of L. grandiflora from five populations in a fourth watershed. We then used two analytical methods, similarity thresholds and character incompatibilities, to distinguish genotypic variation within genets (clones) from variation between genets. Our analyses revealed extremely limited genotypic and genet variation in invasive L. hexapetala and L. grandiflora within California. Within L. hexapetala, 95% of the ramets analyzed represented a single genet. The genet was the only one detected in 20 populations. The remaining seven populations contained two to nine genets. Within L. grandiflora, all ramets were of only one genotype. Thus, invasive spread within and between populations, and across watersheds, appears to be almost exclusively clonal and brought about by the dispersal of vegetative propagules. The extremely low seedling recruitment indicates that management should target vegetative dispersal and growth. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Grewell, Brenda J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, USDA ARS Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Okada, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mokada@ucdavis.edu FU University of California Integrated Pest Management Exotic/Invasive Pests and Diseases Research Program FX We are grateful to Denise Hosler, joy Futrell, Vinh Pham, Gregg Woods, Meagan Arnold, Rob McKee, Binh Liu, and Jeffrey Firestone for assistance with plant sampling in the field, and to Binh Liu and Noor-ul-ain Noor for help with laboratory work. We thank Denise Hosler (USBR); Steven Cordes, Dave Feliz, and Gene Cooley (CDFG); Mike Wolder (FWS); Keenan Foster (SCWA); Peter Warner (DPR); and Rebecca Weagel (The Nature Conservancy's Cosumnes River Preserve) for site access/research permits and for assistance with locating invasive populations. Lindsay Clark, Jeffrey Firestone, John Gaskin, Annabelle Kleist, and Anna Sherwood made useful comments on the manuscript. This work was funded through a grant from the University of California Integrated Pest Management Exotic/Invasive Pests and Diseases Research Program. NR 69 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 91 IS 3 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2009.03.006 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 498EL UT WOS:000270119700001 ER PT J AU Lizotte, RE Knight, SS Bryant, CT Smith, S AF Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Knight, Scott S. Bryant, Charles T. Smith, Sammie, Jr. TI Agricultural Pesticides in Mississippi Delta Oxbow Lake Sediments During Autumn and Their Effects on Hyalella azteca SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER AMPHIPODS; TOXICITY; ATRAZINE; CONTAMINATION; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; CREEK; DDT AB Agricultural pesticide contamination of sediments from five Mississippi Delta oxbow lakes and their effects and bioavailablity to Hyalella azteca were assessed during a low-application season-autumn. Three reference oxbow lakes were located in the White River National Wildlife Refuge (WRNWR), Arkansas and two impaired lakes, according to the US Environmental Agency Sect. 303 (d) Clean Water Act, were located in Mississippi. Surface sediment (top 5 cm) was collected at three sites within each lake and analyzed for 17 current and historic-use pesticides and metabolites. Chronic 28-day H. azteca sediment bioassays and pesticide body residue analyses were completed to determine the degree of biological responses and bioavailability. The greatest number of detectable pesticides in WRNWR and 303 (d) sediment samples was 9 and 12, respectively, with historic-use pesticide metabolite, p,p'-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] ubiquitous. No significant (p > 0.05) differences in animal survival were observed among sites. Animal growth was significantly (p < 0.05) less at only one site in a 303 (d)-listed lake (Macon Lake). Only six pesticides were observed in H. azteca with current-use pesticides detected at three sites; historic-use pesticides and metabolites detected at 11 sites. Animal body residues of a historic-use pesticide (dieldrin) and metabolite (p,p'-DDE) were associated with observed growth responses. Results show limited current-use pesticide contamination of sediments and H. azteca body tissues during autumn and that historic-use pesticides and metabolites are the primary contributors to observed biological responses. C1 [Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.; Knight, Scott S.; Bryant, Charles T.; Smith, Sammie, Jr.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Lizotte, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM Richard.lizotte@ars.usda.gov; scott.knight@ars.usda.gov; charles.bryant@ars.usda.gov; sammie.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 57 IS 3 BP 495 EP 503 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9327-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 495WF UT WOS:000269925200008 PM 19399548 ER PT J AU Nam, M Kim, SM Domier, LL Koh, S Moon, JK Choi, HS Kim, HG Moon, JS Lee, SH AF Nam, Moon Kim, Sang Mok Domier, Leslie L. Koh, Serry Moon, Jung Kyung Choi, Hong Soo Kim, Hong Gi Moon, Jae Sun Lee, Su-Heon TI Nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of a newly identified member of the genus Carmovirus, soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus, from soybean SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURNIP CRINKLE VIRUS; NECROTIC-SPOT-VIRUS; LENGTH CDNA-CLONE; NECROSIS-VIRUS; SUBGENOMIC RNA; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; INFECTIVITY; ASSIGNMENT AB The viral genome of soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV) from infected soybean (Glycine max) in Korea was cloned and sequenced. The complete monopartite single-stranded RNA genome of SYMMV consists of 4009 base pairs with six putative open reading frames and includes 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of 39 and 229 nucleotides, respectively. The nucleotide and coat protein sequences of SYMMV share the highest sequence identity with those of cowpea mottle virus. Based on its genomic organization, its predicted amino acid sequence, and its phylogenetic relatedness to known carmoviruses, we report that SYMMV is a new member of the genus Carmovirus in the family Tombusviridae. C1 [Nam, Moon; Choi, Hong Soo; Lee, Su-Heon] RDA, Agr Microbiol Div, Natl Acad Agr Sci, Suwon 441707, South Korea. [Koh, Serry; Moon, Jae Sun] Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Plant Syst Engn Res Ctr, Taejon 305333, South Korea. [Kim, Sang Mok] Natl Plant Quarantine Serv, Cent Post Entry Quarantine Stn, Suwon 443400, South Korea. [Domier, Leslie L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Moon, Jung Kyung] RDA, Legume & Oil Crop Res Div, Natl Inst Crop Sci, Milyang 627803, South Korea. [Kim, Hong Gi] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), RDA, Agr Microbiol Div, Natl Acad Agr Sci, Suwon 441707, South Korea. EM jsmoon@kribb.re.kr; suheon@korea.kr FU Crop Functional Genomics Center [CG2132]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Korea; Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [20080701034002]; National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Republic of Korea FX This work was supported by the Crop Functional Genomics Center of the 21st Century Frontier R& D Program (grant no. CG2132), which was funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Korea, by the BioGreen21 program (grant no. 20080701034002), funded by the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, and by 2009 Post Doctoral Course Program of National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Republic of Korea. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 154 IS 10 BP 1679 EP 1684 DI 10.1007/s00705-009-0480-z PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 504TS UT WOS:000270641200013 PM 19701603 ER PT J AU Smith, CE Arnett, DK Tsai, MY Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Shen, J Laclaustra, M Junyent, M Ordovas, JM AF Smith, Caren E. Arnett, Donna K. Tsai, Michael Y. Lai, Chao-Qiang Parnell, Laurence D. Shen, Jian Laclaustra, Martin Junyent, Mireia Ordovas, Jose M. TI Physical inactivity interacts with an endothelial lipase polymorphism to modulate high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the GOLDN study SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE LIPG; Endothelial lipase; HDL; Television; Physical activity ID SHEAR-STRESS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; EXERCISE; FAMILY; GENE; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SUBFRACTIONS; INFLAMMATION AB Background: Plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration is highly heritable but is also modifiable by environmental factors including physical activity. HDL-C response to exercise varies among individuals, and this variability may be associated with genetic polymorphisms in the key regulators of HDL metabolism including endothelial lipase (LIPG). Methods: We examined associations between variants LIPG T111I (rs2000813) and LIPG i24582 (rs6507931), HDL and television viewing/computer use ("screen time") as a marker for physical inactivity in a population with high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Subjects consisted of 539 White men and 584 women (mean +/- S. D., 49 +/- 16 years) participating in the GOLDN study. Results: We did not observe an association with either LIPG SNP or HDL independently of screen time. In multi-adjusted linear regression models, HDL interacted significantly with screen time as a continuous variable in LIPG i24582 subjects with TT genotype (P < 0.05). By dichotomizing screen time into high and low levels, we found significant genotype-associated differences in HDL in women but not men. When screen time was >= 2.6 h/day, the concentrations of total HDL-C, large HDL, large low density lipoprotein (LDL) were lower, the concentration of small LDL was higher and HDL and LDL particle sizes were smaller in subjects with LIPG i24582 TT compared to CT and CC subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusions: We found a significant gene-physical inactivity interaction for HDL and some LDL measures for the LIPG i24582 polymorphism. Higher levels of physical activity may be protective for HDL-C concentrations and low activity detrimental in LIPG i24582 TT individuals, especially in women. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35209 USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Laclaustra, Martin; Ordovas, Jose M.] CNIC, Madrid, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Laclaustra, Martin/C-6709-2015; OI Laclaustra, Martin/0000-0003-3963-0846; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging [5P01AG023394-02]; NIH/NHLBI [HL54776]; NIH/NIDDK [DK075030]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science; [T32 DK007651-19] FX Funding: Supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Grant Number 5P01AG023394-02 and NIH/NHLBI grant number HL54776 and NIH/NIDDK DK075030 and contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service. MJ is supported by a grant from the Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (reference 2007-1086). C. Smith is supported by T32 DK007651-19. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD OCT PY 2009 VL 206 IS 2 BP 500 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.03.012 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 512XY UT WOS:000271287000032 PM 19380136 ER PT J AU Wolfe, JD Ralph, CJ AF Wolfe, Jared D. Ralph, C. John TI CORRELATIONS BETWEEN EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION AND CHANGES IN NEARCTIC-NEOTROPIC MIGRANT CONDITION IN CENTRAL AMERICA SO AUK LA English DT Article DE condition index; Costa Rica; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; ENSO; spring migration ID MIGRATORY STOPOVER; AUTUMN MIGRATION; FAT DEPOSITION; BODY CONDITION; BIRDS; PATTERNS; WARBLERS; DECLINES; BEHAVIOR; SONGBIRDS AB Climatic changes induced by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) commonly influence biological systems; however, climatic variability and multitrophic interactions within tropical latitudes remain poorly understood. We examined relationships between migrant condition and ENSO during spring migration in Costa Rica. Our study is based on correlating an ENSO index with body-condition metrics of six Nearctic-Neotropic migrant bird species during stopover in Costa Rica over a 10-year period. This study is the first to report correlations between El Nino and changes in condition of multiple migrant species. The condition of one insectivore improved, whereas two frugivores experienced reduced condition during El Nino. Our detected correlations suggest that the ENSO cycle may influence changes in migrant mass; such interactions may ultimately affect demographics of certain frugivorous and insectivorous migrant species. Potential future management considerations are discussed in light of global climate change and our findings. Received 27 January 2008, accepted 28 April 2009. C1 [Wolfe, Jared D.; Ralph, C. John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Wolfe, Jared D.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Wolfe, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM jdwolfe80@yahoo.com NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD OCT PY 2009 VL 126 IS 4 BP 809 EP 814 DI 10.1525/auk.2009.08018 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 508TL UT WOS:000270959100008 ER PT J AU Gilbert-Norton, LB Shahan, TA Shivik, JA AF Gilbert-Norton, Lynne B. Shahan, Timothy A. Shivik, John A. TI Coyotes (Canis latrans) and the matching law SO BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Behavioral flexibility; Coyotes; Canis latrans; Foraging strategy; Matching law; Resource tracking ID CHOICE BEHAVIOR; INTERVAL SCHEDULES; INVASION SUCCESS; TRANSITION; PREFERENCE; PIGEONS; MAXIMIZATION; FLEXIBILITY; ENVIRONMENT; EXPERIENCE AB Environmental change is accelerating due to anthropogenic influence. Species that have greater behavioral flexibility may be better adapted to exploit new or constantly changing habitats. There are few mammals and even fewer carnivores that better illustrate widespread adaptability and behavioral flexibility in the wake of human disturbance than coyotes (Canis latrans). Yet how such predators successfully track resources, enabling them to survive and extend their range in stochastic environments remains unknown. We tested eight wild-born, captive coyotes individually on an operant two-choice test using Concurrent variable interval (VI) schedules. We held the overall rate of reinforcement constant but manipulated the ratio of reinforcement available from the two choices. We analyzed sensitivity of coyotes' tracking of resource change by fitting the generalized matching equation to the data. Results showed all coyotes efficiently tracked changes in reinforcement ratios within the first few sessions of each new condition and matched their relative rate of foraging time to relative rate of resources. We suggest the matching paradigm provides a methodology to explore coyote foraging strategies, and a potential framework to compare behavioral flexibility across species, by measuring the ability to track resource change under variable resource conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gilbert-Norton, Lynne B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Shahan, Timothy A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Psychol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Shivik, John A.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gilbert-Norton, LB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 2810 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM lgilbertnorton@gmail.com RI Shahan, Timothy/A-9619-2010 NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-6357 J9 BEHAV PROCESS JI Behav. Processes PD OCT PY 2009 VL 82 IS 2 BP 178 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.beproc.2009.06.005 PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 496QI UT WOS:000269989700010 PM 19555745 ER PT J AU Castro-Arellano, I Presley, SJ Willig, MR Wunderle, JM Saldanha, LN AF Castro-Arellano, Ivan Presley, Steven J. Willig, Michael R. Wunderle, Joseph M. Saldanha, Luiz N. TI Reduced-impact logging and temporal activity of understorey bats in lowland Amazonia SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Bat; Behaviour; Chiroptera; Patch dynamics; Phyllostomidae; Reduced-impact logging; Selective logging; Sustainable forest management; Temporal activity patterns ID ACTIVITY PATTERNS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; EASTERN AMAZON; PHYLLOSTOMID BATS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; NEOTROPICAL BATS; FRENCH-GUIANA; RAIN-FORESTS; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY AB Because global timber demands continue to threaten tropical rain forests, identification of sustainable-use forest management protocols that meet human needs while preserving biodiversity is critical. Reduced-impact logging (RIL) protocols are increasingly common in the tropics and may be a viable option for sustainable forest use; however, few studies have documented faunal responses to RIL. Moreover, evaluations of abundance or diversity may not be sufficient for a comprehensive understanding of faunal responses to human activities, especially in the short-term. We assessed the effects of RIL on the temporal activity patterns of abundant bats in lowland Amazonian rain forest. More specifically, we characterized temporal patterns of activity, overlap of temporal activity, and dispersion of activity modes for seven abundant bat species and for four common bat guilds in RIL forest and in undisturbed forest in Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. Temporal activity of aerial insectivores, nectarivores, and gleaning animalivores did not change in response to RIL. In contrast, three of five species of frugivores and frugivores as a group changed their patterns of temporal activity in response to RIL. RIL had a greater effect on temporal activity of frugivores that foraged in the understorey than on frugivores that foraged in multiple forest strata. Overlap of temporal activity of frugivores was greater than expected by chance in undisturbed forest, but was random in RIL forest. Changes in activity may be a response to a combination of increased predation risk and reduced distances of early evening flights between day roosts and feeding areas in RIL forest compared to undisturbed forest. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Castro-Arellano, Ivan; Presley, Steven J.; Willig, Michael R.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Castro-Arellano, Ivan; Presley, Steven J.; Willig, Michael R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Wunderle, Joseph M.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Saldanha, Luiz N.] Inst Brasileiro Meio Ambiente & Recursos Nat Reno, BR-66035350 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Castro-Arellano, I (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM ivan.castro@uconn.edu; steven.presley@uconn.edu; michael.willig@uconn.edu; jmwunderle@gmail.com; lnelio@hotmail.com FU USDA Forest Service; Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico a Tecnologico; Fundo Estadual de Ciencia Tecnologia do Estado do Para; Fundacao o Boticario; Texas Tech University FX Field assistance was provided by L. Cabral. S. de Melo Dantas, G. de Jesus Oliveira, and R. Oliveira. Logistical assistance and support was provided by D. Oren and L. Henriques. In addition, S. Marques-Aguiar and the staff of Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi assisted with verification of taxonomic identifications. We are particularly grateful to K. Harris, J. McMillen, and M. Camp for critical support with respect to a number of administrative challenges. Cooperation, logistical support, and permission to use field stations were provided by the Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente a Recursos Naturais Renovaveis (IBAMA) and the Large-Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Ecology Project (LBA). We thank IBAMA for providing collecting permits and permission to work in the Tapajos National Forest. Funding was provided by USDA Forest Service as well as by Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico a Tecnologico, Fundo Estadual de Ciencia Tecnologia do Estado do Para, Fundacao o Boticario, and Texas Tech University. The study was conducted under a cooperative agreement between IBAMA and USDA Forest Service, as well as a cooperative agreement between FADESP and Texas Tech University. The International Institute of Tropical Forestry works in cooperation with the University of Puerto Rico. For additional support during the analysis phase of this research, we acknowledge the Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering at the University of Connecticut. NR 84 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 142 IS 10 BP 2131 EP 2139 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.04.013 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 493IR UT WOS:000269730500019 ER PT J AU Amarasekare, KG Mannion, CM Epsky, ND AF Amarasekare, Kaushalya G. Mannion, Catharine M. Epsky, Nancy D. TI Efficiency and establishment of three introduced parasitoids of the mealybug Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Parasitism; Parasitoids ID DE-WILLINK HEMIPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PAPAYA MEALYBUG; NATURAL ENEMIES; HYMENOPTERA; IMPACT; HOSTS AB Three introduced parasitoids Acerophagus papayae, Anagyrus loecki, and Pseudleptomastix mexicana of the mealybug Paracoccus marginatus have been released in Miami-Dade and Broward counties (Florida) in 2003. Efficiency and establishment of these previously introduced parasitoids to control P. marginatus were measured in 2005 and 2006, at three locations in Homestead (Miami-Dade). Mealybug populations were initially established on three branches (per plant) of 10 hibiscus plants inside closed-sleeve cages. The three treatments, closed, open, and no-cage environments were applied to the three established mealybug populations on each plant. The number of mealybugs and natural enemies was monitored in all treatments. After 72 h, the number of P. marginatus in the open-sleeve cage was higher than in the no-cage treatment but both were lower than the number in the closed-sleeve cage. Efficiency of parasitoids was evaluated by their percentage parasitism. Percentage parasitism (=recovery) was also used as an indicator for parasitoid establishment. Two of the three previously released parasitoids (A. papayae and A. loecki) were recovered in this study. Acerophagus papayae had a higher percentage parasitism than A. loecki in both the open-sleeve cage (31.0% vs 2.3%) and the no-cage treatments (21.4% vs 1.6%) and caused the most mortality of P. marginatus. There was no recovery of P. mexicana in either of the treatments. Although both A. papayae and A. loecki were established in tested areas, A. papayae was more efficient in controlling P. marginatus than A. loecki. The reasons for not recovering P. mexicana in release areas is yet unknown. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Amarasekare, Kaushalya G.] Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. [Mannion, Catharine M.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Epsky, Nancy D.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Amarasekare, KG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 3005 Expt Stn Dr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. EM kaushalya2641@yahoo.com FU USDA-ARS FX This study was conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for a Ph.D. at the University of Florida, USA, by K.G. Amarasekare. We thank R. McSorley, L. Osborne, and H. Frank of University of Florida for reviewing an early draft of this paper and M. Brennan, of IFAS Statistics, University of Florida, for her help with the statistical analyses. We thank M. Buffington, (Formicidae), M. W. Gates (Encyrtidae) and N.J. Vandenberg (Coccinellidae) (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS) and G. B. Edwards (Araneae), and G. Hodges (Pseudococcidae) (DPI, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services) for insect and spider identifications and M. S. Frank (Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Herbarium) for plant identifications. We thank C. Glenn, B. Going, C. Towery, and the staff and the management of "The Palace", The Senior Living Facility of Homestead, FL for allowing their hibiscus plants be used in this study, and the USDA-ARS for funding for this experiment. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2009 VL 51 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.07.005 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 547LK UT WOS:000273889800012 ER PT J AU Krugner, R Johnson, MW Morgan, DJW Morse, JG AF Krugner, Rodrigo Johnson, Marshall W. Morgan, David J. W. Morse, Joseph G. TI Production of Anagrus epos Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) on Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) eggs SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Glassy-winged sharpshooter; Homalodisca vitripennis; Anagrus epos; Biological control; Egg parasitoid; Host age preference; Longevity; Temperature-dependent development ID GONATOCERUS-ASHMEADI HYMENOPTERA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; COAGULATA HOMOPTERA; ERYTHRONEURA SPP.; HOST-SPECIFICITY; PARASITOIDS; CLYPEORRHYNCHA; TEMPERATURE; BIOLOGY; VINEYARD AB Anagrus epos Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is a natural enemy candidate for a classical biological control program targeting the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in California. Little is known about the biology or ecology of A. epos when it utilizes GWSS eggs as a host. Here, we report the results of laboratory studies that describe the host age preference for oviposition, longevity of A. epos adults provided with different food sources, and developmental rates at six different constant temperature regimes. Anagrus epos is a gregarious parasitoid in GWSS eggs with up to 14 adults emerging from each GWSS egg. In choice and no-choice tests for oviposition, A. epos females successfully parasitized all developmental ages of GWSS eggs (1-8 days old). In choice tests, parasitism rates were significantly higher in 1-, 3-, 4-, and 5-day-old GWSS eggs than in 2-, 6-, 7-, and 8-day-old eggs. If provided with honey and water, honey only, water only, or no food or water, A. epos females lived on average 8.2, 4.7, 2.6, and 1.6 days, respectively. Anagrus epos required 294.1 degree-days above a lower temperature threshold of 12.4 degrees C to develop from egg to adult (eclosion). Our results provide baseline information useful in the development of an efficient parasitoid mass rearing program for A. epos release and evaluation in California. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Krugner, Rodrigo; Johnson, Marshall W.; Morse, Joseph G.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Morgan, David J. W.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Riverside, CA USA. RP Krugner, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Rodrigo.krugner@ars.usda.gov FU Robert van den Bosch Memorial; California Department of Food and Agriculture; University of California FX We thank Kent M. Daane and Robert F. Luck for useful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported in part by the Robert van den Bosch Memorial Scholarship awarded to R. K., and California Department of Food and Agriculture grant and University of California funds awarded to M.W.J. We thank Paul Flores for assisting in plant and insect maintenance. This research forms part of the Ph.D. dissertation of R. K. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2009 VL 51 IS 1 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.06.013 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 547LK UT WOS:000273889800017 ER PT J AU Martin, PAW Farrar, RR Blackburn, MB AF Martin, Phyllis A. W. Farrar, Robert R., Jr. Blackburn, Michael B. TI Survival of diverse Bacillus thuringiensis strains in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is correlated with urease production SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar ID YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; CADAVERS; LARVAE; PATHOGENICITY; GERMINATION AB Bacillus thuringiensis is an entomopathogenic bacterium that can kill a variety of pests, but seldom causes epizootics because it replicates poorly in insects. We have tested lepidopteran-toxic B. thuringiensis strains with diverse substrate utilization profiles for the ability to survive repeated passages through larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, without intervening growth on artificial media. These experiments have revealed a remarkable correlation between the production of urease by the bacteria and its ability to survive repeated passages through larvae. Of 26 urease-positive strains tested, 23 were capable of surviving five passages through gypsy moth larvae. In contrast, none of the 24 urease-negative strains tested survived to the 4th passage, with only three strains surviving to the 3rd passage. Selection of B. thuringiensis strains with phenotypic traits favoring replication in the environment, such as urease production, may improve their efficacy as biological control agents. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Martin, Phyllis A. W.; Farrar, Robert R., Jr.; Blackburn, Michael B.] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 011 HH 17,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM phyllis.martin@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2009 VL 51 IS 1 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.03.020 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 547LK UT WOS:000273889800020 ER PT J AU Antonini, G Coletti, G Serrani, L Tronci, C Cristofaro, M Smith, L AF Antonini, G. Coletti, G. Serrani, L. Tronci, C. Cristofaro, M. Smith, L. TI Using molecular genetics to identify immature specimens of the weevil Ceratapion basicorne (Coleoptera: Apionidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Ceratapion basicorne; Centaurea solstitialis; Immature stages; mtDNA; Biological control; Weed ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS ASTERACEAE; SPECIES COMPLEX COLEOPTERA; YELLOW STARTHISTLE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HOST-RANGE; CURCULIONIDAE; SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEMATICS AB Molecular analyses can play a primary role in the process of host specificity evaluation at species and population levels. Here we present an example of their application with a promising candidate biological control agent for yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. Although it is highly host specific, Ceratapion basicorne (Coleoptera: Apionidae) can develop on safflower in laboratory tests. A field experiment was conducted to further evaluate host plant specificity; however, it was not possible to rear all larvae to the adult stage, which was necessary for species determination. Therefore molecular genetic methods were used to identify immature specimens. A 731 bp fragment of mtDNA cytochrome C oxidase I gene (COI) was sequenced from 41 individuals of C. basicorne and four congeners: Ceratapion orientale, Ceratapion onopordi, Ceratapion penetrans and Ceratapion scalptum. Intraspecific variability ranged from 0.0% to 0.2%, and interspecific divergences ranged from 1.7% to 17.6%. All larvae that were sequenced from the field study, clearly matched one of the five species, enabling us to unambiguously identify them. Use of molecular genetics to identify larvae should also help the process of foreign exploration, enabling the identification of field-collected larvae, which often provide more reliable host plant associations than field collected adults. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Smith, L.] ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Antonini, G.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Anim & Human Biol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Coletti, G.; Cristofaro, M.] Biotechnol & Biol Control Agcy, I-00060 Sacrofano, RM, Italy. [Serrani, L.; Tronci, C.] ENEA CR Casaccia, I-00123 Santa Maria Di Galeria, RM, Italy. RP Smith, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gloria.antonini@uniroma1.it; cocciniglia2001@yahoo.it; lucreziaserrani@hotmail.it; ctronci@gmail.com; massimo.cristofaro.cas@enea.it; link.smith@ars.usda.gov FU University of Rome "La Sapienza" FX We thank Rustem Hayat, Huseyin Zengin and Levent Gultekin (Plant Protection Department, Ataturk University of Erzurum, Turkey) for their work on field tests in Turkey and Dean of Faculty, Head of Department and local governors of Askale, Cat and Sarikamis for their help and support. We thank Brian G. Rector for providing French specimens of C. basicorne and Javid Kashefi for Greek ones, and we thank J.A. Goolsby and B. G. Rector for reviewing an earlier version of this paper. We also thank Boris Korotyaev (Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg) and Enzo Colonnelli for identifying our adult insect specimens. Thanks to Alessandra Paolini, Francesca Lecce and Francesca Di Cristina (BBCA, Rome, Italy) for their collaboration in collecting adults and larvae specimens. A special thanks to Paolo Audisio and Marco Trizzino (University of Rome "La Sapienza") for their help and support. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2009 VL 51 IS 1 BP 152 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.06.010 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 547LK UT WOS:000273889800021 ER PT J AU Berner, DK Bruckart, WL Cavin, CA Michael, JL Carter, ML Luster, DG AF Berner, D. K. Bruckart, W. L. Cavin, C. A. Michael, J. L. Carter, M. L. Luster, D. G. TI Best linear unbiased prediction of host-range of the facultative parasite Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp salsolae, a potential biological control agent of Russian thistle SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Animal model; Anthracnose; BLUP; Classical biological control; Chenopodiaceae; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp salsolae; Deuteromycotina; Disease prediction; GDATA; Henderson's mixed model equations; Host-range testing; Invasive weeds; Plant pathogens; PROC MIXED; Quartet puzzling; Reduced animal model; Relationship matrix; Salsola tragus; SAS ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; WEED-CONTROL; TRAGUS; CALIFORNIA; CHENOPODIACEAE; IBERICA; MODEL; WHEAT; ANTHRACNOSE; SEQUENCES AB Russian thistle or tumbleweed (Salsola tragus L.) is an introduced invasive weed in N. America. It is widely distributed in the US and is a target of biological control efforts. The fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz. f. sp. salsolae (CGS) is a facultative parasite under evaluation for classical biological control of this weed. Host-range tests were conducted with CGS in quarantine to determine whether the fungus is safe to release in N. America. Ninetytwo accessions were analyzed from 19 families: Aizoaceae, Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cactaceae, Campanulaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Cupressaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Sarcobataceae, and Solanaceae and 10 tribes within the Chenopodiaceae: Atripliceae, Beteae, Camphorosmeae, Chenopodieae, Corispermeae, Halopepideae, Polycnemeae, Salicornieae, Salsoleae, and Suaedeae. These included 62 genera and 120 species. To facilitate interpretation of results, disease reaction data were combined with a relationship matrix derived from internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences and analyzed with mixed model equations to produce Best Linear Unbiased Predictors (BLUPs) for each species. Twenty-nine species (30 accessions) from seven closely-related Chenopodiaceae tribes had significant levels of disease severity as indicated by BLUPs, compared to six species determined to be susceptible with least squares means estimates. The 29 susceptible species were: 1 from Atripliceae, 4 from Camphorosmeae, 1 from Halopepideae, 2 from Polycnemeae, 6 from Salicornieae, 8 from Salsolae, and 7 from Suaedeae. Most species in the genus Salsola, which are all introduced and weedy, were very susceptible and damaged by CGS. Statistical comparisons and contrasts of BLUPs indicated that these Salsola species were significantly more susceptible than non-target species, including 15 species from relatives in the closely-related genera Bassia (=Kochia), Nitrophila, Salicornia, Sarcocornia, and Suaeda. Of the 29 susceptible species, 10 native or commercially important species in N. America were identified as needing additional tests to determine the extent of any damage caused by infection. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Berner, D. K.; Bruckart, W. L.; Cavin, C. A.; Michael, J. L.; Carter, M. L.; Luster, D. G.] ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Berner, DK (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM dana.berner@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2009 VL 51 IS 1 BP 158 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.06.003 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 547LK UT WOS:000273889800022 ER PT J AU Armstrong, D Azevedo, M Mills, D Bailey, B Russell, B Groenig, A Halgren, A Banowetz, G McPhail, K AF Armstrong, Donald Azevedo, Mark Mills, Dallice Bailey, Bonnie Russell, Brian Groenig, Aleta Halgren, Anne Banowetz, Gary McPhail, Kerry TI Germination-Arrest Factor (GAF): 3. Determination that the herbicidal activity of GAF is associated with a ninhydrin-reactive compound and counteracted by selected amino acids SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Amino acids; Annual bluegrass; Biocontrol; Grassy weeds; Herbicide; Poa annua; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Rhizobacteria ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DOWNY BROME; BIOSYNTHESIS; RHIZOSPHERE; METABOLITES; BIOCONTROL; BACTERIUM; GROWTH AB A novel, naturally-occurring herbicide (Germination-Arrest Factor, GAF), produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens WH6 and several related isolates of rhizosphere bacteria, irreversibly arrests germination of the seeds of a wide range of graminaceous species, including a number of important grassy weed species. GAF activity has been shown previously to be associated with a hydrophilic, low molecular weight compound that contains an acid group. In the present study, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of extracts of WH6 culture filtrate demonstrated that GAF activity migrates on TLC plates with a particular ninhydrin-reactive compound. This compound was found to be present in GAF-producing P. fluorescens isolates and absent in P. fluorescens strains that lack the ability to produce GAF. Treatments, including mutagenesis, which resulted in the loss of GAF activity in culture filtrates from P. fluorescens WH6 were shown to result in the disappearance of this ninhydrin-reactive compound from extracts of WH6 culture filtrates or in alteration of its appearance on TLC chromatograms. The ninhydrin-reactivity of GAF indicates that it probably contains an amino group, as well as the acid group previously demonstrated, and suggests that GAF may be a small peptide or amino acid analog. Biological investigations motivated by this conclusion demonstrated that the effects of GAF in inhibiting the germination of seeds of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) could be counteracted by treatment with alanine or glutamine and, to lesser extent, by several other amino acids, suggesting that this compound may act by interfering with some aspect of amino acid metabolism or function. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Azevedo, Mark; Halgren, Anne; Banowetz, Gary] USDA ARS, NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Armstrong, Donald; Mills, Dallice; Bailey, Bonnie; Russell, Brian; Groenig, Aleta] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McPhail, Kerry] Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banowetz, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, NFSPRC, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM banowetg@onid.orst.edu FU USDA CSREES Grass Seed Cropping Systems FX Support from the USDA CSREES Grass Seed Cropping Systems for Sustainable Agriculture Special Grant Program is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Donald D. Chen in the extraction and chromatography of GAF activity. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD OCT PY 2009 VL 51 IS 1 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.06.004 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 547LK UT WOS:000273889800024 ER PT J AU Martin, MR Tipping, PW Sickman, JO AF Martin, Melissa R. Tipping, Philip W. Sickman, James O. TI Invasion by an exotic tree alters above and belowground ecosystem components SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Invasion; Exotic; Litterfall; Nutrient; Microbial biomass; Microbial activity; Melaleuca quinquenervia ID SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; SOUTH FLORIDA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT INVASION; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; CONSEQUENCES; BLAKE,S.T.; GRASSLANDS AB With the widespread introduction and invasion of exotic plants there is a need for studies that quantify alterations of basic ecosystem structure and function. Ecosystem invasion by Melaleuca quinquenervia significantly altered both above- and belowground ecosystem components in this study. We measured the quantity and nutrient concentration of the litterfall, litter layer, and soil; microbial biomass pools; and rates of potentially mineralizable nitrogen and soil oxygen demand. Annual litterfall was 4.9 times higher in the non-invaded sites and contained 1.9 times more phosphorus than invaded sites. Non-invaded plots contained a larger litter layer compared to invaded plots: 2.4 +/- A 1.2 kg m(-2) and 0.62 +/- A 0.3 kg m(-2) , respectively. Lower nutrient concentration and quantity of the litter layer in the invaded plots led to changes in the aboveground storage of nutrients. In the invaded plots there was four times less carbon, seven times less nitrogen, and ten times less phosphorus stored in the organic litter layer compared to the non-invaded plots. Microbial biomass nutrient pools were consistently lower at both the 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm depth in the invaded soils compared to non-invaded soils, indicating a plant mediated change. Although M. quinquenervia altered microbial community structure, microbial activities were not different between invaded and non-invaded plots at either depth as measured by rates of soil oxygen demand and potentially mineralizable nitrogen. These changes may affect both native plant growth and water quality, and may act to promote and maintain site dominance by M. quinquenervia. C1 [Martin, Melissa R.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tipping, Philip W.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Sickman, James O.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Martin, MR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, 106 Newell Hall,POB 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mmartin5@ufl.edu; Philip.Tipping@ars.usda.goc; james.sickman@ucr.edu FU USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory FX We are especially appreciative of the invaluable insights and long hours of field support of the staff of the USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, including Eileen Pokorny, Ryan Pierce, Matthew Smart, Emily White, Kayla Nimmo, Elizabeth Bolton, and Susan Keusch. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD OCT PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1883 EP 1894 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9366-3 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 490TV UT WOS:000269529100012 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Uthus, EO Ross, SA Davis, CD AF Zeng, Huawei Uthus, Eric O. Ross, Sharon A. Davis, Cindy D. TI High Dietary Intake of Sodium Selenite Does Not Affect Gene Mutation Frequency in Rat Colon and Liver SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Colon; Cancer; Glutathione peroxidase; Gene mutation ID ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; DNA-DAMAGE; CANCER PREVENTION; PROSTATE-CANCER; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ANTIOXIDANT SUPPLEMENTATION; CELL-PROLIFERATION; GROWTH ARREST; CARCINOGENESIS AB Our previous studies have shown that selenium (Se) is protective against dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced preneoplastic colon cancer lesions, and protection against DNA damage has been hypothesized to be one mechanism for the anticancer effect of Se. The present study was designed to determine whether dietary selenite affects somatic mutation frequency in vivo. We used the Big Blue transgenic model to evaluate the in vivo mutation frequency of the cII gene in rats fed either a Se-deficient (0 mu g Se/g diet) or Se-supplemented diet (0.2 or 2 mu g Se/g diet; n = 3 rats/diet in experiment 1 and n = 5 rats/group in experiment 2) and injected with DMH (25 mg/kg body weight, i.p.). There were no significant differences in body weight between the Se-deficient and Se-supplemented (0.2 or 2 mu g Se/g diet) rats, but the activities of liver glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase and concentration of liver Se were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in Se-deficient rats compared to rats supplemented with Se. We found no effect of dietary Se on liver 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Gene mutation frequency was significantly lower in liver (p < 0.001) than that of colon regardless of dietary Se. However, there were no differences in gene mutation frequency in DNA from colon mucosa or liver from rats fed the Se-deficient diet compared to those fed the Se-supplemented (0.2 or 2 mu g Se/g diet) diet. Although gene mutations have been implicated in the etiology of cancer, our data suggest that decreasing gene mutation is not likely a key mechanism through which dietary selenite exerts its anticancer action against DMH-induced preneoplastic colon cancer lesions in a Big Blue transgenic rat model. C1 [Zeng, Huawei; Uthus, Eric O.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Ross, Sharon A.; Davis, Cindy D.] NCI, NIH, Nutr Grp, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. RP Uthus, EO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM eric.uthus@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 131 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s12011-009-8348-3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 487WG UT WOS:000269307800008 PM 19263001 ER PT J AU Saunders, JA Rosentrater, KA AF Saunders, J. A. Rosentrater, K. A. TI Properties of solvent extracted low-oil corn distillers dried grains with solubles SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Low-oil; Deoiled; DDGS; Distillers grains; Physical properties; Chemical properties; Zea mays ID ETHANOL AB Com-based ethanol is exponentially growing in the US, as is the need for valuable uses for coproducts of the production process, such as distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Currently, DDGS is used as livestock feed, thereby replacing some corn components in animal diets. As the industry continues to grow, there will be an increased need to find additional uses for DDGS. Physical and chemical properties of coproduct streams are becoming increasingly investigated, as these characteristics affect many aspects of utilization, such as target species, optimal dietary substitution rates, transportation, flowability, and behavior during storage. Potential avenues for future use of DDGS may include value-added feed, food, and industrial products. Additionally, much interest lies in extracting oil from DDGS to produce bio diesel and other products. If oil is extracted from DDGS, the resulting chemical and physical properties of the remaining constituents may be substantially altered. The objective of this study was to quantify, using standard laboratory methods, physical and chemical property values for low-oil DDGS. The extracted DDGS exhibited water activity, thermal properties, bulk density, and angle of repose values similar to unmodified DDGS. Color values were substantially lighter, however. Additionally, fat levels (2.7% db) were much lower, while protein (34.0% db) and fiber (8.4% db) were higher than traditional DDGS. Results from this study will be valuable to ethanol manufacturers and livestock producers alike, as more uses for ethanol coproducts are implemented. Thus more value can be extracted from the humble kernel of corn. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rosentrater, K. A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Saunders, J. A.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1486 EP 1490 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.07.004 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 506JB UT WOS:000270770000022 ER PT J AU Liu, KS AF Liu, KeShun TI Effects of particle size distribution, compositional and color properties of ground corn on quality of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS); Ground corn; Particle size distribution (PSD); Composition; Color ID ETHANOL AB Oftentimes, corn processors believe that ground corn (raw material) and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are interrelated in certain quality parameters. Yet, previous studies, although rather limited, have not established this relationship. In this study, six ground corn samples and their resulting DDGS were analyzed for particle size distribution (PSD), using a series of six selected US standard sieves: Nos. 8, 12, 18, 35, 60, and 100, and a pan. The original sample and sieve sized fractions were measured for contents of moisture, protein, oil, ash and starch, and Surface color. Total carbohydrate (CHO) and total non-starch CHO were also calculated. Results show that the geometric mean diameter (d(gw)) of particles varied with individual corn and DDGS samples, and that d(gw) of DDGS was larger than that of corn (0.696 vs. 0.479 mm, average values), indicating that during conversion of corn to DDGS, certain particles became enlarged. For dgw and mass frequency of individual particle size classes, the relationship between ground corn and DDGS varied, but PSD of the whole sample was well correlated between them (r = 0.807). Upon conversion from corn to DDGS, on an average, protein was concentrated 3.59 times: oil, 3.40 times; ash, 3.32 times; and total non-starch CHO, 2.89 times. There were some positive correlations in contents of protein and non-starch CHO and in L value between corn and DDGS. Yet, variations in nutrients and color attributes were larger in DDGS than in corn. For either corn or DDGS, these variations were larger in sieved fractions than in the whole fraction. Raw material, processing method and addition of yeasts are among major factors considered for causing larger variations in these attributes among DDGS. The study partially supports the common belief by processors that quality attributes of corn affect those of DDGS. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Keshun.Liu@ars.usda.gov FU ARS FX The author expresses thanks to Michael Woolman of USDA, ARS at Aberdeen, ID, for his assistance in conducting the experiments and collecting data, and to those individuals from ethanol production plants who supported the ARS research by providing their ground corn and DDGS samples. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 100 IS 19 BP 4433 EP 4440 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.067 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 464PH UT WOS:000267517200018 PM 19464168 ER PT J AU Arikan, O Mulbry, W Ingram, D Millner, P AF Arikan, Osman Mulbry, Walter Ingram, David Millner, Patricia TI Minimally managed composting of beef manure at the pilot scale: Effect of manure pile construction on pile temperature profiles and on the fate of oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oxytetracycline; Chlortetracycline; Antibiotic; Composting; Manure ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; GAS EMISSIONS; RESISTANCE; CALVES; TETRACYCLINE; ANTIBIOTICS; BACTERIA; ANIMALS; SOIL AB Oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) are broad-spectrum antibiotics used in livestock production. Although laboratory-scale studies have shown that extractable concentrations of these compounds decrease over time within treated and untreated manures and soils, there is relatively little information from farm-scale experiments. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of management on manure pile temperature profiles and on the fate of OTC and CTC in manure from therapeutically treated calves. Four treatments were designed to span a range of management options - from simply piling up the manure to amending it with straw to increase aeration and adding insulating layers of straw. Replicate samples of antibiotic-containing calf manure were held at ambient temperature or placed in three locations within replicate 3 m(3) piles of beef manure. During the 28-day incubation period. concentrations of buffer-extractable OTC and CTC/ECTC (the summed concentrations of CTC and its epimer 4-epi-chlortetracycline (ECTC)) in manure samples incubated at ambient temperature (11-24 degrees C) decreased 75% (from 18 to 4.6 mg kg(-1) dry weight (DW)) and 90% (from 192 to 16 mg kg(-1) DW), respectively. Concentrations of the CrC metabolite iso-chlortetracycline (ICTC) decreased 90% (from 37 to 3 mg kg(-1) DW). OTC and CTC/ECTC concentrations in samples incubated for 28 days within a non-amended manure pile decreased 91% and >99%, respectively. During that period, the manure pile temperature ranged from 36 degrees C to 45 degrees C. Manure piles insulated with a blanket of straw and/or amended with straw (3:1, v/v) attained temperatures up to 70 degrees C and contained very low levels of OTC, CTC/ECTC, and ICTC (ranging from <0.1 to 0.4 mg kg(-1) DW) after 28 days. (C) Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mulbry, Walter; Ingram, David; Millner, Patricia] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Arikan, Osman] Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Environm Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Mulbry, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10,300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM walter.mulbry@ars.usda.gov RI ARIKAN, OSMAN/F-1193-2015 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 100 IS 19 BP 4447 EP 4453 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.063 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 464PH UT WOS:000267517200020 PM 19450976 ER PT J AU Reese, D Lefcourt, AM Kim, MS Lo, YM AF Reese, Daniel Lefcourt, Alan M. Kim, Moon S. Lo, Y. Martin TI Using parabolic mirrors for complete imaging of apple surfaces SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Imaging; Parabolic mirrors; Apples; Method; Machine vision ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FECAL CONTAMINATION; DEFECTS; SYSTEM; INSPECTION; VISION AB Automated imaging systems offer the potential to inspect the quality and safety of fruits consumed by the public. One problem that has hindered adoption of automated technologies has been the inability to image the complete Surface of an individual fruit. A particular problem is that both the stem and calyx are concave structures. The goal of this project was to examine tradeoffs for using Multiple mirrors to image the surface of apples. For testing, individual apples were suspended using two thin wires, mirrors were placed around an apple, and movies were captured at 90 images per sec. Apples were rotated in all dimensions to examine the efficacy of different mirror configurations. It was determined that specific configurations of two, four, Or Six parabolic concave mirrors Could image an entire Surface. A configuration using two mirrors and multiple images acquired as apples roll by was also found to be viable. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Reese, Daniel; Lefcourt, Alan M.; Kim, Moon S.] USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Reese, Daniel; Lo, Y. Martin] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lefcourt, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Bldg 303, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alan.lefcourt@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 100 IS 19 BP 4499 EP 4506 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.059 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 464PH UT WOS:000267517200028 PM 19433353 ER PT J AU Romano, RT Zhang, RH Teter, S McGarvey, JA AF Romano, Rowena T. Zhang, Ruihong Teter, Sarah McGarvey, Jeffery A. TI The effect of enzyme addition on anaerobic digestion of Jose Tall Wheat Grass SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellulase; Wheat grass; Anaerobic digestion; 16S rRNA ID SOLID-WASTE; METHANE FERMENTATION; PRETREATMENT; BIOMASS; TEMPERATURE; BACTERIAL; ARCHAEAL; SLUDGE; FRUIT AB The effects of the addition of enzyme products containing cellulase, hemicellulase, and beta-glucosidase to anaerobic digestion systems were studied using Jose Tall Wheat Grass (wheat grass) as a model substrate. Anaerobic digestion tests were performed using batch reactors operated at 50 degrees C. The application of enzyme products in three digestion configurations were simulated and investigated: (1) enzyme addition to a single-stage digester, (2) pre-treatment of wheat grass with enzymes followed by a single-stage anaerobic digestion, and (3) enzyme addition to the first stage (hydrolysis and acidification) of a two-stage digestion system. The enzyme products showed positive effects on the solubilization of wheat grass when used alone to treat the wheat grass. However, no significant differences in biogas and methane yields, and volatile solids reduction resulted when the enzyme products were tested in the anaerobic digestion systems. This reveals that the microorganisms present in the inoculum were effective in carrying out the digestion of wheat grass. The types of microorganisms present in the inoculum were identified using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. A comparison of the sequences between the different inocula revealed that the prevalent operational taxonomic units were similar, but that the acidified inoculum contained a higher percentage of the species Thermotogae. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Romano, Rowena T.; Zhang, Ruihong] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Teter, Sarah] Novozymes Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McGarvey, Jeffery A.] ARS, USDA, FCR, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Zhang, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 2030 Bainer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rhzhang@ucdavis.edu NR 35 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 100 IS 20 BP 4564 EP 4571 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.065 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 475QU UT WOS:000268376100005 PM 19467589 ER PT J AU Aneja, KK Ashby, RD Solaiman, DKY AF Aneja, Kawalpreet K. Ashby, Richard D. Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. TI Altered composition of Ralstonia eutropha poly(hydroxyalkanoate) through expression of PHA synthase from Allochromatium vinosum ATCC 35206 SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biodegradable polymer; Broad-host-range plasmid; Confocal microscopy; Kanamycin; Photosynthetic bacterium ID PSEUDOMONAS-OLEOVORANS; POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID); CHAIN-LENGTH; NILE RED; BACTERIA; BIOSYNTHESIS; SEQUENCE; CLONING; GENES; IDENTIFICATION AB The class III poly(hydroxyalkanoate) synthase (PHAS) genes (phaC and phaE) of a photosynthetic bacterium, Allochromatium vinosum ATCC 35206, were cloned, sequenced and expressed in a heterologous host. PCR coupled with a chromosomal gene-walking method was used to clone and subsequently sequence the contiguous phaC (1,068 bps) and phaE (1,065 bps) genes of A. vinosum ATCC 35206. BLASTP search of protein databases showed that the gene-products of phaC and phaE are different (< 66% identities) from the previously reported class III PHASs such as those of A. vinosum DSM180. Domain analysis revealed the presence of a conserved alpha/beta-hydrolase fold in PhaC, the putative gene-product of phaC. Upon electroporation of a poly(hydroxybutanoate) (PHB)-negative mutant of Ralstonia eutropha PHB(-)4 with a shuttle plasmid pBHR1 containing the newly cloned phaC and phaE genes, the bacteria resumed the synthesis of PHB, albeit at a low level (4-5% of the cell dry wt) due to kanamycin selection pressure. We further showed that the recombinant strain grown in kanamycin-containing culture medium synthesized a blend of PHA that also contains a high content of 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 3-hydroxydecanoate as its repeat-unit monomers. Genomic analysis suggested the existence of two PHA synthase genes in R. eutropha. The results of this study not only make available a phylogenetically diverse type III phaC and phaE genes, but also confirm through kanamycin selection pressure the existence of multiple PHA biosynthesis systems in R. eutropha. C1 [Aneja, Kawalpreet K.; Ashby, Richard D.; Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.] Agr Res Serv, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dan.solaiman@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2003-35504-13751] FX The authors thank Nicole Crocker and Marshall Reed for excellent technical assistance. The support of Dr. Peter Cooke on advanced microscopic imaging and Dr. David Needleman on DNA sequence determination is recognized. Thanks are also due Professor Yong-Hyun Lee (Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea) for providing pBHR1 plasmid. This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2003-35504-13751. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1601 EP 1612 DI 10.1007/s10529-009-0052-z PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 495QZ UT WOS:000269911400019 PM 19557308 ER PT J AU Bell, DJ Rowland, LJ Zhang, DP Drummond, FA AF Bell, Daniel J. Rowland, Lisa J. Zhang, Dapeng Drummond, Frank A. TI Spatial genetic structure of lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, in four fields in Maine SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE EST-PCR markers; isolation by distance; clonal; AMOVA; genetic diversity ID ACTING INBREEDING DEPRESSION; EST-PCR MARKERS; VITIS-IDAEA; CLONAL PLANTS; AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; ERICACEAE; MYRTILLUS AB Expressed sequence tag - polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) molecular markers were used to infer spatial genetic structure of four lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) fields in Maine. Genetic structure was quantified at three spatial scales: (1) within apparent clones (intrapatch), (2) among clones within a field, and (3) among fields separated by as much as 65 km. Of five "clones" or putative individuals examined in the intrapatch study, two showed complete genetic homogeneity within the patch, while three showed some band differences at their edges compared with their interiors. These differences at the edges, however, matched adjacent clones (so-called "intruders"), from which it was concluded that lowbush blueberry exhibits a fairly tight, phalanx clonal architecture with no evidence of invasive seedling establishment within clones. No significant correlation between genetic and physical distance was found among clones within fields via several statistical approaches. Significant among-field genetic differentiation was found via AMOVA (Phi(PT) = 8.4%; p <= 0.01) based upon transect samples across four fields ranging from 12.5 to 65 km apart. Principal component analysis and spatial autocorrelation (SA) corroborated these findings. Significant positive SA was found at the within-field distance class of <350 m, but SA decreased to an insignificant value by the first interfield distance of 12.5 km. A special form of SA analysis was employed to detect "hotspots" of genetic similarity between pairs of adjacent clones in two fields. Results indicated that 5 of 23 pairs of clones (21.7%) were genetically similar to each other, while the majority of pairs (18 of 23; 78.3%) showed random, decreasing patterns of genetic similarity. Results are discussed in terms of clonal dynamics including architecture, seedling recruitment, and inferred pollen or seed dispersal distances. C1 [Rowland, Lisa J.] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bell, Daniel J.; Drummond, Frank A.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Zhang, Dapeng] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jeannine.Rowland@ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD OCT PY 2009 VL 87 IS 10 BP 932 EP 946 DI 10.1139/B09-058 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 516ZC UT WOS:000271581100005 ER PT J AU Foley, ME Anderson, JV Horvath, DP AF Foley, M. E. Anderson, J. V. Horvath, D. P. TI The effects of temperature, photoperiod, and vernalization on regrowth and flowering competence in Euphorbia esula (Euphorbiaceae) crown buds SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE chilling; dormancy; flowering; leafy spurge; photoperiod; vernalization ID WEED BIOLOGY RESEARCH; RED-OSIER DOGWOOD; LEAFY SPURGE; GROWTH CESSATION; DORMANCY INDUCTION; FLORAL INDUCTION; WINTER; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; ECOTYPES AB The herbaceous perennial weed Euphorbia esula L. (Euphorbiaceae) reproduces by vegetative and sexual means, characteristics that are key to its persistence and survival. In this study, we examined environmental effects on regrowth and flowering under controlled conditions to further validate field observations and set the stage for the future identification of molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of these processes, Shoot cuttings were exposed to different combinations of decreasing temperatures, decreasing photoperiods, and vernalization, in growth chambers. Subsequently, shoots were removed and regrowth and flowering from new shoots were monitored in a warm temperature greenhouse under long-day conditions. Vernalization alone has no effect on regrowth and flowering. Plants required decreasing temperature followed by vernalization for rapid regrowth and flowering. Decreasing photoperiod at a constant temperature with or without vernalization had no significant effect on regrowth and flowering. In conjunction with previous field research, the results suggest that a gradually decreasing temperature is required as one of the components for flowering competence and vernalization is determinate for reproductive development under long-day conditions. C1 [Foley, M. E.; Anderson, J. V.; Horvath, D. P.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Foley, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM michael.foley@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD OCT PY 2009 VL 87 IS 10 BP 986 EP 992 DI 10.1139/B09-055 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 516ZC UT WOS:000271581100008 ER PT J AU Bischoff-Ferrari, HA Dawson-Hughes, B Staehelin, HB Orav, JE Stuck, AE Theiler, R Wong, JB Egli, A Kiel, DP Henschkowski, J AF Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A. Dawson-Hughes, B. Staehelin, H. B. Orav, J. E. Stuck, A. E. Theiler, R. Wong, J. B. Egli, A. Kiel, D. P. Henschkowski, J. TI Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID D METABOLITE MEASUREMENTS; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; ELDERLY PERSONS; MUSCLE FUNCTION; RISK-FACTORS; FRACTURES; COMMUNITY; WOMEN; BONE; OLDER AB Objective To test the efficacy of supplemental vitamin D and active forms of vitamin D with or without calcium in preventing falls among older individuals. Data sources We searched Medline, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, BIOSIS, and Embase up to August 2008 for relevant articles. Further studies were identified by consulting clinical experts, bibliographies, and abstracts. We contacted authors for additional data when necessary. Review methods Only double blind randomised controlled trials of older individuals (mean age 65 years or older) receiving a defined oral dose of supplemental vitamin D (vitamin D(3) (cholecalciferol) or vitamin D(2) (ergocalciferol)) or an active form of vitamin D (1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (1 alpha-hydroxycalciferol) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)) and with sufficiently specified fall assessment were considered for inclusion. Results Eight randomised controlled trials (n=2426) of supplemental vitamin D met our inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity among trials was observed for dose of vitamin D (700-1000 IU/day v 200-600 IU/day; P=0.02) and achieved 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) concentration (25 (OH) D concentration: < 60 nmol/l v >= 60 nmol/l; P=0.005). High dose supplemental vitamin D reduced fall risk by 19% (pooled relative risk (RR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.92; n=1921 from seven trials), whereas achieved serum 25 (OH) D concentrations of 60 nmol/l or more resulted in a 23% fall reduction (pooled RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.90). Falls were not notably reduced by low dose supplemental vitamin D (pooled RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.35; n=505 from two trials) or by achieved serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of less than 60 nmol/l (pooled RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.84). Two randomised controlled trials (n=624) of active forms of vitamin D met our inclusion criteria. Active forms of vitamin D reduced fall risk by 22% (pooled RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.94). Conclusions Supplemental vitamin D in a dose of 700-1000 IU a day reduced the risk of falling among older individuals by 19% and to a similar degree as active forms of vitamin D. Doses of supplemental vitamin D of less than 700 IU or serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of less than 60 nmol/l may not reduce the risk of falling among older individuals. C1 [Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, Ctr Aging & Mobil, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, Ctr Aging & Mobil, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich, Ctr Aging & Mobil, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Staehelin, H. B.] Univ Basel Hosp, Dept Geriatr, Basel, Switzerland. [Orav, J. E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Stuck, A. E.] Univ Bern, Dept Geriatr, Inselspital, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Stuck, A. E.] Univ Bern, Spital Netz Bern Ziegler, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Theiler, R.] Triemli Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Wong, J. B.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Clin Decis Making, Boston, MA USA. [Kiel, D. P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Hebrew Senior Life Inst Aging Res, Boston, MA USA. RP Bischoff-Ferrari, HA (reprint author), Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, Ctr Aging & Mobil, Gloriastr 25, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. EM heike.bischoff@usz.ch OI Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310 FU Swiss National Foundations [PP00B-114864]; Velux Foundation; Baugarten Foundation; Vontobel Foundation; Robert Bosch Foundation; National Institute on Aging [P01 AG004390] FX This project was funded by a Swiss National Foundations Professorship Grant (PP00B-114864), the Velux Foundation, the Baugarten Foundation, the Vontobel Foundation, and a fellowship from the Robert Bosch Foundation. DPK was funded by the National Institute on Aging (grant P01 AG004390). NR 40 TC 505 Z9 523 U1 4 U2 46 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 339 AR b3692 DI 10.1136/bmj.b3692 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 502LB UT WOS:000270460000002 PM 19797342 ER PT J AU Knight, SS Lizotte, RE Shields, FD AF Knight, Scott S. Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. TI Hyalella azteca (Saussure) Responses to Coldwater River Backwater Sediments in Mississippi, USA SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Floodplain sediments; Organochlorine pesticides ID QUALITY GUIDELINES; TOXICITY; CONTAMINATION; INSECTICIDE; COMPONENTS; LAKE AB Sediment from three Coldwater River, Mississippi backwaters was examined using 28 day Hyalella azteca bioassays and chemical analyses for 33 pesticides, seven metals and seven PCB mixtures. Hydrologic connectivity between the main river channel and backwater varied widely among the three sites. Mortality occurred in the most highly connected backwater while growth impairment occurred in the other two. Precopulatory guarding behavior was not as sensitive as growth. Fourteen contaminants (seven metals, seven pesticides) were detected in sediments. Survival was associated with the organochlorine insecticide heptachlor. C1 [Knight, Scott S.; Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.; Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Lizotte, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM richard.lizotte@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 83 IS 4 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.1007/s00128-009-9804-7 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 495WN UT WOS:000269926000007 PM 19582363 ER PT J AU Pierce, KB Ohmann, JL Wimberly, MC Gregory, MJ Fried, JS AF Pierce, Kenneth B., Jr. Ohmann, Janet L. Wimberly, Michael C. Gregory, Matthew J. Fried, Jeremy S. TI Mapping wildland fuels and forest structure for land management: a comparison of nearest neighbor imputation and other methods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; CROWN RATIO; FIRE BEHAVIOR; VEGETATION; MODELS; INVENTORY; ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENT; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Land managers need consistent information about the geographic distribution of wildland fuels and forest structure over large areas to evaluate fire risk and plan fuel treatments. We compared spatial predictions for 12 fuel and forest structure variables across three regions in the western United States using gradient nearest neighbor (GNN) imputation, linear models (LMs), classification and regression trees (CART), and geostatistical methods (kriging and universal kriging (UK)). Local-scale map accuracy varied considerably across sites, variables, and methods. GNN performed best for forest structure variables in Oregon, but LMs and UK were better for canopy variables and for forest structure variables in Washington and California. Kriging performed poorly throughout, and kriging did not improve prediction accuracy when added to LMs as UK. GNN outperformed CART in predicting vegetation classes and fuel models, complex variables defined by multiple attributes. Regional distributions of vegetation classes and fuel models were accurately represented by GNN and very poorly by CART and LMs. Despite their often limited accuracy at the local scale, GNN maps are useful when information on a wide range of forest attributes is needed for analysis and forest management at intermediate, i.e., landscape to ecoregional, scales. C1 [Pierce, Kenneth B., Jr.; Ohmann, Janet L.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wimberly, Michael C.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Gregory, Matthew J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fried, Jeremy S.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Ohmann, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM johmann@fs.fed.us OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891 FU Joint Fire Science Program and the USDA Forest Service Western Wildlands Environmental Threat Assessment Center FX We thank the Joint Fire Science Program and the USDA Forest Service Western Wildlands Environmental Threat Assessment Center for supporting this research, and the Pacific Northwest Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, Regions 5 and 6, and the Bureau of Land Management for providing inventory plot data. Jan van Wagtendonk and Dave Peterson generously provided plot data for national parks. We thank Andrew Weiss for his geospatial contributions. We also thank Rebecca Kennedy, Jonathon Thompson, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 56 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1901 EP 1916 DI 10.1139/X09-102 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 510GM UT WOS:000271076100011 ER PT J AU Van Deusen, PC Roesch, FA AF Van Deusen, Paul C. Roesch, Francis A. TI Estimating forest conversion rates with annual forest inventory data SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; INDICATORS; CRITERIA AB The rate of land-use conversion from forest to nonforest or natural forest to forest plantation is of interest for forest certification purposes and also as part of the process of assessing forest sustainability. Conversion rates can be estimated from remeasured inventory plots in general, but the emphasis here is on annual inventory data. A new estimator is proposed based on analysis of plot-level variables that indicate when a change in forest condition occurs between inventory remeasurements. A weighted maximum likelihood estimator is derived that incorporates the binomial nature of the indicator variables, mapped plot conditions, and varying remeasurement periods. Example applications demonstrate the utility of the proposed methodology. This approach is broadly useful for estimating the annual rate of change from an initial condition to another condition from annual forest inventory data. C1 [Van Deusen, Paul C.] NCASI, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Roesch, Francis A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Van Deusen, PC (reprint author), NCASI, 600 Suffolk St,5th Floor, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM PVanDeusen@ncasi.org NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1993 EP 1996 DI 10.1139/X09-075 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 510GM UT WOS:000271076100019 ER PT J AU Smith, AMS Falkowski, MJ Hudak, AT Evans, JS Robinson, AP Steele, CM AF Smith, Alistair M. S. Falkowski, Michael J. Hudak, Andrew T. Evans, Jeffrey S. Robinson, Andrew P. Steele, Caiti M. TI A cross-comparison of field, spectral, and lidar estimates of forest canopy cover SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL WAVELET ANALYSIS; CROWN CLOSURE ESTIMATION; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; AUSTRALIAN FORESTS; AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; VEGETATION COVER; MODEL VALIDATION; ASTER IMAGERY; AREA INDEX; AIRBORNE AB A common challenge when comparing forest canopy cover and similar metrics across different ecosystems is that there are many field- and landscape-level measurement methods. This research conducts a cross-comparison and evaluation of forest canopy cover metrics produced using unmixing of reflective spectral satellite data, light detection and ranging (lidar) data, and data collected in the field with spherical densiometers. The coincident data were collected across a similar to 25 000 ha mixed conifer forest in northern Idaho. The primary objective is to evaluate whether the spectral and lidar canopy cover metrics are each statistically equivalent to the field- based metrics. The secondary objective is to evaluate whether the lidar data can elucidate the sources of error observed in the spectral-based canopy cover metrics. The statistical equivalence tests indicate that spectral and field data are not equivalent (slope region of equivalence = 43%). In contrast, the lidar and field data are within the acceptable error margin of most forest inventory assessments (slope region of equivalence = 13%). The results also show that in plots where the mean lidar plot heights are near zero, each of modeled remotely sensed estimates continues to report canopy cover >21% for lidar and >30% for all investigated spectral methods using near-infrared bands. This suggests these metrics are sensitive to the presence of herbaceous vegetation, shrubs, seedlings, saplings, and other subcanopy vegetation. C1 [Smith, Alistair M. S.] Univ Idaho, Forest & Rangeland Measurements Lab, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Falkowski, Michael J.] Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Nature Conservancy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Robinson, Andrew P.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Math & Stat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Steele, Caiti M.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Smith, AMS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Forest & Rangeland Measurements Lab, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM alistair@uidaho.edu RI Robinson, Andrew/F-5291-2011; Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014; OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958; Robinson, Andrew/0000-0002-0509-6043; Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF) [EPS-0814387] FX Funding for this project was in part provided by the Forest Public Access Resource Center (ForestPARC), a part of the Upper Midwest Aerospace Consortium (UMAC), which receives funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This work was in part supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Idaho EPSCoR Program and by the NSF under award number EPS-0814387. The authors also acknowledge partial funding for this work from the following additional sources: Raytheon (NASA); the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; and Agenda 2020, a joint effort of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service Research and Development and the American Forest and Paper Association. Research partners included Bennett Lumber Products, Inc. and Potlatch Forest Holdings, Inc. Tessa Jones and Jennifer Clawson assisted in the field. NR 59 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 15 PU CANADIAN AERONAUTICS SPACE INST PI KANATA PA 350 TERRY FOX DR, STE 104, KANATA, ON K2K 2W5, CANADA SN 1712-7971 J9 CAN J REMOTE SENS JI Can. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 35 IS 5 BP 447 EP 459 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 584QG UT WOS:000276766700004 ER PT J AU Fulton, RW Whitley, EM Johnson, BJ Ridpath, JF Kapil, S Burge, LJ Cook, BJ Confer, AW AF Fulton, Robert W. Whitley, Evan M. Johnson, Bill J. Ridpath, Julia F. Kapil, Sanjay Burge, Lurinda J. Cook, Billy J. Confer, Anthony W. TI Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in persistently infected cattle and BVDV subtypes in affected cattle in beef herds in south central United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; POSTWEANING CALVES; FEEDER CALVES; TYPE-2 BVDV; 1B; VACCINATION; EXPOSURE; FEEDLOT; PASTEURELLA; PROTECTION AB The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in persistently infected (PI) cattle in beef breeding herds was determined using 30 herds with 4530 calves. The samples were collected by ear notches and tested for BVDV antigens using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ACE). Animals with initial positives on both IHC and ACE were sampled again using both tests and serums were collected for viral propagation and sequencing of a viral genomic region, 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) for viral subtyping. Samples were also collected from the dams of PI calves. There were 25 PI calves from 4530 samples (0.55%) and these PI calves were from 5 of the 30 herds (16.7%). Two herds had multiple PI calves and 3 herds had only 1 PI calf. Only 1 of the 25 dams with a PI calf was also PI (4.0%). The subtype of all the PI isolates was BVDV1b. Histories of the ranches indicated 23 out of 30 had herd additions of untested breeding females. Twenty-four of the 30 herds had adult cowherd vaccinations against BVDV, primarily using killed BVDV vaccines at pregnancy examination. C1 [Fulton, Robert W.; Johnson, Bill J.; Kapil, Sanjay; Burge, Lurinda J.; Confer, Anthony W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Johnson, Bill J.; Kapil, Sanjay] Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Oklahoma Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Whitley, Evan M.; Cook, Billy J.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Agr, Ardmore, OK USA. [Ridpath, Julia F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Fulton, RW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM robert.fulton@okstate.edu FU Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University FX This research was supported by a grant from The Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma, and the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University. The support from The Noble Foundation (NF) Agricultural Division staff and NF Beef Production System cooperator ranches in the collection of samples and animal health records was greatly appreciated. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 4 BP 283 EP 291 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 510JI UT WOS:000271084000006 PM 20046630 ER PT J AU Weinstein, SJ Mackrain, K Stolzenberg-Solomon, RZ Selhub, J Virtamo, J Albanes, D AF Weinstein, Stephanie J. Mackrain, Katrina Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Z. Selhub, Jacob Virtamo, Jarmo Albanes, Demetrius TI Serum Creatinine and Prostate Cancer Risk in a Prospective Study SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; RENAL-FUNCTION; ANTIGEN LEVELS; HOMOCYSTEINE; DETERMINANTS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY AB Background: Several studies have examined serum creatinine as a marker for prostate cancer stage, recurrence, and prognosis. We evaluated whether serum creatinine concentration was associated with risk of developing prostate cancer in a prospective cohort of male smokers. Methods: A nested case-control study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study of 50- to 69-year-old Finnish men was conducted. Two controls (n = 464) were matched to each case (n = 232) on study center, intervention group, date of baseline blood draw (+/- 45 days), and age (+/- 5 years). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. All P values were two-sided. Results: Cases had significantly higher prediagnostic serum creatinine concentrations compared with controls (medians of 1.13 versus 1.10 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.004). Serum creatinine was associated with a significantly greater risk of prostate cancer (multivariate odds ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-3.75 for highest versus lowest quartile), with a significant trend (P trend = 0.0008). Exclusion of subjects with a reported history of diabetes, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hypertension, or whose cancer was diagnosed within the first 5 years of follow-up, did not alter the association. Risk did not differ by disease stage or time from blood draw to diagnosis. Conclusion: Prospectively measured serum creatinine, within normal ranges, is positively related to prostate cancer risk. Future research should reexamine the association in other populations, including any interrelationship with serum prostate-specific antigen. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(10):2643-9) C1 [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Weinstein, Stephanie J.] NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, DCEG, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Virtamo, Jarmo] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Chron Dis Prevent, Helsinki, Finland. RP Weinstein, SJ (reprint author), NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, DCEG, NIH,DHHS, 6120 Execut Blvd,Suite 320, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM weinstes@mail.nih.gov RI Albanes, Demetrius/B-9749-2015 FU NIH; National Cancer Institute [N01-CN-45165, N01-RC-45035, N01-RC-37004] FX Intramural Research Program of the NIH and the National Cancer Institute. Additionally, this research was supported by Public Health Service contracts N01-CN-45165, N01-RC-45035, and N01-RC-37004 from the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 10 BP 2643 EP 2649 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0322 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 505NZ UT WOS:000270702100009 PM 19755655 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Howley, P Prevost, N Condon, B Arnold, J Diegelmann, R AF Edwards, J. V. Howley, Phyllis Prevost, Nicolette Condon, Brian Arnold, Judy Diegelmann, Robert TI Positively and negatively charged ionic modifications to cellulose assessed as cotton-based protease-lowering and hemostatic wound agents SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Chronic wounds; Protease-lowering; Collagenase; Human neutrophil elastase; Ionically modified cotton; Hemostatic wound agents ID HUMAN NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; BACTERIAL CELLULOSE; IN-VITRO; DRESSINGS; INHIBITION; ULCERS; MODEL; COLLAGENASE AB Recent developments in cellulose wound dressings targeted to different stages of wound healing have been based on structural and charge modifications that function to modulate events in the complex inflammatory and hemostatic phases of wound healing. Hemostasis and inflammation comprise two overlapping but distinct phases of wound healing wherein different dressing material properties are required to bring pathological events under control when they present as a result of trauma or chronic wounds. Thus, we have designed cellulose wound dressings with properties that function through modified fiber surface properties to lower protease levels in the chronic wound and promote clotting in hemorrhaging wounds. With this in mind three finishing chemistries utilizing traditional pad-dry-cure approaches were explored for their potential to confer charged properties to cotton dressings. Cellulose dressings designed to remove cationic serine proteases from highly exudative chronic wounds were created to present negatively charged fibers as an ion exchange mechanism of protease-lowering. Phosphorylated cotton and polycarboxylic acid crosslinked cotton were prepared to examine their ability to remove human neutrophil elastase (HNE) from surrogate wound fluid. A cellulose phosphorylation reaction utilizing sodium hexametaphosphate: urea was explored to optimize cellulose phosphorylation as a function of HNE sequestration efficacy. Acid catalyzed cross linking of cellulose with butane-tetracarboxylic acid also resulted in a negatively charged dressing that removed HNE from solution more effectively than phosphorylated cellulose. Collagenase sequestration was also assessed with phosphorylated cellulose and polycarboxylic acid cross linked cellulose derivatives. Butanetetracarboxylic acid and phosphorylated cellulose functioned to remove collagenase from solution most effectively. Cellulose dressings designed to accelerate thrombosis and aggregation of blood platelets were prepared with a view to examining derivatized cotton fibers bearing a net positive charge to promote hemostasis. Cellulose and chitosan dressings bearing an aminoglucan functionality were created by grafting chitosan on cotton and preparing aminized cotton. The preparation of chitosan-grafted cotton dressings was completed with a citric acid grafting onto cellulose. Aminized cotton was functionalized as an ethylamino-ether cellulose derivative. The chitosan-grafted and aminized cotton demonstrated a dose response gelling of citrated sheep blood. C1 [Edwards, J. V.; Howley, Phyllis; Prevost, Nicolette; Condon, Brian] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Arnold, Judy] Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Diegelmann, Robert] VCU Med Ctr, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM vince.edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD OCT PY 2009 VL 16 IS 5 BP 911 EP 921 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9302-4 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 495RB UT WOS:000269911600016 ER PT J AU Condon, B Easson, M Yachmenev, V Lambert, A Delhom, C Smith, J AF Condon, Brian Easson, Michael Yachmenev, Val Lambert, Allan Delhom, Chris Smith, Jade TI APPLICATION OF A LOW-LEVEL, UNIFORM ULTRASOUND FIELD FOR THE ACCELERATION OF ENZYMATIC BIO-PROCESSING OF COTTON SO CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enzyme; ultrasound; cellulose; cotton; cotton gin/lint waste and bio-fuel ID INACTIVATION; PEROXIDASE AB Enzymatic bio-processing of cotton generates significantly less hazardous, readily biodegradable wastewater effluents, yet having several critical shortcomings, such as expensive processing costs and slow reaction rates, which impedes its acceptance at an industrial level. Our research showed that the introduction of a low-energy, uniform ultrasound field in enzyme-processing solutions greatly improved enzyme efficiency by significantly increasing their reaction rate. It has been established that the following specific features of combined enzyme/ultrasound bio-processing of cotton are critically important: a) the cavitation effects caused by the introduction of an ultrasound field in the enzyme processing solution greatly enhance the transport of enzyme macromolecules towards the substrate surface, b) the mechanical impact, produced by the collapse of the cavitation bubbles, provides an important benefit, that of "opening up" the surface of the solid substrates to the action of enzymes, c) the effect of cavitation is several hundred times higher in heterogeneous (solid substrate-liquid) than in homogeneous systems, and d) in water, the maximum effects of cavitation occur at similar to 50 degrees C, which is the optimum temperature for many industrial enzymes. At a laboratory scale, the introduction of ultrasonic energy in the reaction chamber during enzymatic bio-preparation of greige cotton fabrics and enzymatic bio-conversion of cotton gin and cotton lint waste biomass in sugars resulted in a significant improvement in enzyme efficiency. C1 [Condon, Brian; Easson, Michael; Yachmenev, Val; Lambert, Allan; Delhom, Chris; Smith, Jade] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Condon, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDITURA ACAD ROMANE PI BUCURESTI PA CALEA 13 SEPTEMBRIE NR 13, SECTOR 5, BUCURESTI 050711, ROMANIA SN 0576-9787 J9 CELL CHEM TECHNOL JI Cell Chem. Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 43 IS 9-10 BP 443 EP 453 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA 583MS UT WOS:000276681300010 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, MA Bergman, CJ Resurreccion, AP Moller, J Jimenez, R Reinke, RF Martin, M Blanco, P Molina, F Chen, MH Kuri, V Romero, MV Habibi, F Umemoto, T Jongde, S Graterol, E Reddy, KR Bassinello, PZ Sivakami, R Rani, NS Das, S Wang, YJ Indrasari, SD Ramli, A Ahmad, R Dipti, SS Xie, LH Lang, NT Singh, P Toro, DC Tavasoli, F Mestres, C AF Fitzgerald, Melissa A. Bergman, Christine J. Resurreccion, Adoracion P. Moeller, Juergen Jimenez, Rosario Reinke, Russell F. Martin, Margrit Blanco, Pedro Molina, Federico Chen, Ming-Hsuan Kuri, Victoria Romero, Marissa V. Habibi, Fatemeh Umemoto, Takayuki Jongde, Supanee Graterol, Eduardo Reddy, K. Radhika Bassinello, Priscila Zaczuk Sivakami, Rajeswari Rani, N. Shobha Das, Sanjukta Wang, Ya Jane Indrasari, Siti Dewi Ramli, Asfaliza Ahmad, Rauf Dipti, Sharifa S. Xie, Lihong Lang, Nguyen Thi Singh, Pratibha Castillo Toro, Damaso Tavasoli, Fatemeh Mestres, Christian TI Addressing the Dilemmas of Measuring Amylose in Rice SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY HPSEC; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; MILLED-RICE; DEBRANCHED STARCH; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; IODINE BINDING; WAXY LOCUS; AMYLOPECTIN AB Amylose content is a parameter that correlates with the cooking behavior of rice. It is measured at the earliest possible stages of rice improvement programs to enable breeders to build the foundations of appropriate grain quality during cultivar development. Amylose is usually quantified by absorbance of the amylose-iodine complex. The International Network for Quality Rice (INQR) conducted a survey to determine ways that amylose is measured, reproducibility between laboratories, and sources of variation. Each laboratory measured the amylose content of a set of 17 cultivars of rice. The study shows that five different versions of the iodine binding method are in use. The data show that repeatability was high within laboratories but reproducibility between laboratories was low. The major sources of variability were the way the standard curve was constructed and the iodine binding capacity of the potato amylose used to produce the standard. Reproducibility is much lower between laboratories using a standard curve of potato amylose alone compared with those using calibrated rice cultivars. This study highlights the need to standardize the way amylose is measured, and presents research avenues for doing so. C1 [Fitzgerald, Melissa A.; Bergman, Christine J.; Resurreccion, Adoracion P.; Moeller, Juergen; Jimenez, Rosario; Reinke, Russell F.; Martin, Margrit; Blanco, Pedro; Molina, Federico; Chen, Ming-Hsuan; Kuri, Victoria; Romero, Marissa V.; Habibi, Fatemeh; Umemoto, Takayuki; Jongde, Supanee; Graterol, Eduardo; Reddy, K. Radhika; Bassinello, Priscila Zaczuk; Sivakami, Rajeswari; Rani, N. Shobha; Das, Sanjukta; Wang, Ya Jane; Indrasari, Siti Dewi; Ramli, Asfaliza; Ahmad, Rauf; Dipti, Sharifa S.; Xie, Lihong; Lang, Nguyen Thi; Singh, Pratibha; Castillo Toro, Damaso; Tavasoli, Fatemeh; Mestres, Christian] IRRI, Int Network Qual Rice, Los Banos, Philippines. [Fitzgerald, Melissa A.; Resurreccion, Adoracion P.; Jimenez, Rosario] Int Rice Res Inst, Grain Qual Nutr & Postharvest Ctr, Manila, Philippines. [Bergman, Christine J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Food & Beverage, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Moeller, Juergen] FOSS Analyt AB, Hoganas, Sweden. [Reinke, Russell F.; Martin, Margrit] PMB, Yanco Agr Inst, NSW Dept Ind & Investment, Yanco, NSW 2703, Australia. [Blanco, Pedro; Molina, Federico] INIA Treinta & Tres, Rice Res Program, Natl Agr Res Inst, Treinta Y Tres 33000, Uruguay. [Chen, Ming-Hsuan] ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Kuri, Victoria] CIAT, Lab Calidad FLAR CIAT, Cali, Colombia. [Romero, Marissa V.] Philippine Rice Res Inst, Rice Chem & Food Sci Div, Sci City Munoz 3119, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. [Habibi, Fatemeh; Tavasoli, Fatemeh] RRII, Rasht, Iran. [Umemoto, Takayuki] Natl Inst Crop Sci, Rice Qual Res Team, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan. [Jongde, Supanee] Ubonratchathani Rice Res Ctr, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. [Graterol, Eduardo] Fdn Invest Agr DANAC, Estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. [Reddy, K. Radhika] Tilda Riceland Pvt Ltd, Rice Res & Dev Ctr, R&D Unit, Mysore 570002, Karnataka, India. [Bassinello, Priscila Zaczuk] Embrapa Arroz & Feijao, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. [Sivakami, Rajeswari] Tamil Nadu Agr Univ, Dept Rice, Ctr Plant Breeding & Genet, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India. [Rani, N. Shobha] Directorate Rice Res, Crop Improvement Sect, Hyderabad 500030, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Das, Sanjukta] Cent Rice Res Inst, Div Biochem, Cuttack 753006, Orissa, India. [Wang, Ya Jane] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Indrasari, Siti Dewi] ICRR BB Padi, Subang 41256, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. [Ramli, Asfaliza] MARDI Seberang Perai Beg Berkunci 203 Pejabat Pos, Pusat Penyelidikan Padi Tanaman Ind, Seberang Perai Pulau Pen 13200, Malaysia. [Ahmad, Rauf] Natl Agr Res Ctr, Rice Programme, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Dipti, Sharifa S.] Bangladesh Rice Res Inst, Grain Qual & Nutr Div, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh. [Xie, Lihong] China Natl Rice Res Inst, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Singh, Pratibha] GBPUA&T Univ, Coll Home Sci, Pantnagar 263145, Uttrakhand, India. [Castillo Toro, Damaso] Inst Invest Arroz, Programa Nad Arroz, Dept Tecnol, Havana, Cuba. [Mestres, Christian] CIRAD, Performances Syst Prod & Transformat Tropicaux UM, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. RP Fitzgerald, MA (reprint author), IRRI, Int Network Qual Rice, Los Banos, Philippines. EM m.fitzgerald@cgiar.org OI , asfaliza/0000-0002-7710-2107 FU IUPAC; IRRI FX We thank Teodoro Atienza, Naomi Gipson, James Patindol, Graciela Arismendi, B. W. Duan, Ana Adelfa Hernandez Lopez, Selma Nakamoto Koakuzu, Edmar J. Araujo, Renilda A. Ferreira, Noriaki Aoki for technical support; and S. G. Sharma, Sharif Haron, K. A. Kabir, Z. W. Zhu for supporting participation in the INQR project. We thank IUPAC and IRRI for financial support. NR 52 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 25 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 86 IS 5 BP 492 EP 498 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-5-0492 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 503TB UT WOS:000270561700002 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Maghirang, EB Baenziger, PS AF Dowell, Floyd E. Maghirang, Elizabeth B. Baenziger, P. Stephen TI Automated Single-Kernel Sorting to Select for Quality Traits in Wheat Breeding Lines SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; HARD RED WINTER; PROTEIN-CONTENT; SPRING WHEAT; INDIVIDUAL KERNELS; GRAIN PROTEIN; BULK WHEAT; COLOR; CLASSIFICATION; FLOUR AB An automated single kernel near-infrared system was used to select kernels to enhance the end-use quality of hard red wheat breeder samples. Twenty breeding populations and advanced lines were sorted for hardness index, protein content, and kernel color. To determine whether the phenotypic sorting was based upon genetic or environmental differences, the progeny of the unsorted control and sorted samples were planted at two locations two years later to determine whether differences in the sorted samples were transmitted to the progeny (e.g., based on genetic differences). The average hardness index of the harvested wheat samples for segregating populations improved significantly by seven hardness units. For the advanced lines, hardness index was not affected by sorting, indicating little genetic variation within these lines. When sorting by protein content, a significant increase from 12.1 to 12.6% was observed at one location. Purity of the red samples was improved from approximate to 78% (unsorted control) to approximate to 92% (sorted samples), while the purity of the white samples improved from 22% (control) to approximate to 62% (sorted samples). Similar positive results were found for sorting red and blue kernel samples. Sorting for kernel hardness, color, and protein content is effective and based upon genetic variation. C1 [Dowell, Floyd E.; Maghirang, Elizabeth B.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Baenziger, P. Stephen] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM floyd.dowell@ars.usda.gov RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 86 IS 5 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-5-0527 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 503TB UT WOS:000270561700008 ER PT J AU Spielbauer, G Armstrong, P Baier, JW Allen, WB Richardson, K Shen, B Settles, AM AF Spielbauer, Gertraud Armstrong, Paul Baier, John W. Allen, William B. Richardson, Katina Shen, Bo Settles, A. Mark TI High-Throughput Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting Quantitative and Qualitative Composition Phenotypes of Individual Maize Kernels SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE CORN KERNELS; BRASSICA-NAPUS L.; RED SPRING WHEAT; PROTEIN-CONTENT; TRANSMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DURUM-WHEAT; OIL CONTENT; CLASSIFICATION; SEEDS; ACID AB Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy can be used for fast and reliable prediction of organic compounds in complex biological samples. We used a recently developed NIR spectroscopy instrument to predict starch, protein, oil, and weight of individual maize (Zea mays) seeds. The starch, protein, and oil calibrations have reliability equal or better to bulk grain NIR analyzers. We also show that the instrument can differentiate quantitative and qualitative seed composition mutants from normal siblings without a specific calibration for the constituent affected. The analyzer does not require a specific kernel orientation to predict composition or to differentiate mutants. The instrument collects a seed weight and a spectrum in 4-6 see and can collect NIR data alone at a 20-fold faster rate. The spectra are acquired while the kernel falls through a glass tube illuminated with broad spectrum light. These results show significant improvements over prior single-kernel NIR systems, making this instrument a practical tool to collect quantitative seed phenotypes at high throughput. This technology has multiple applications for studying the genetic and physiological influences on seed traits. C1 [Spielbauer, Gertraud; Baier, John W.; Settles, A. Mark] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Spielbauer, Gertraud; Baier, John W.; Settles, A. Mark] Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Armstrong, Paul] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Allen, William B.; Shen, Bo] DuPont Co Inc, Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Richardson, Katina] Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Settles, AM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM settles@ufl.edu OI Settles, A. Mark/0000-0002-5846-0996 FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research [DBI-0606607.] FX We thank the USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Ed Buckler, and Steve Moose for providing seed stocks of diverse maize germplasm as well as Danielle Watts and Matthew Cohen for providing access to the C/N analyzer. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Project award DBI-0606607. NR 45 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 86 IS 5 BP 556 EP 564 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-5-0556 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 503TB UT WOS:000270561700012 ER PT J AU Omary, MB Rosentrater, KA Lewis, DS Arndt, E Frost, DJ Winstone, LM AF Omary, Maria Botero Rosentrater, Kurt A. Lewis, Douglas S. Arndt, Elizabeth Frost, Diana J. Winstone, Lauren M. TI Sensory Evaluation of Barley Chocolate Chip Cookies by Consumers with Different Demographic Background and Eating Patterns SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAIN; DIETARY FIBER; PREFERENCE; PRODUCTS; QUALITY; CORN; ATTRIBUTES; BREADS; FLOUR; FOODS AB Health organizations have recommended an increase in consumption of whole grains, total dietary fiber, and soluble fiber to help reduce the potential risk factor for the development of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, among others. The purpose of this project was to determine the sensory characteristics of chocolate chip (CC) cookies containing a high-soluble fiber whole barley flour (HSFWB). Cookies with 0, 30, 50, and 70% HSFWB were evaluated for appearance, color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability using a 9-point hedonic scale. Forty-nine students, faculty, and staff tested the cookies on three different days. Demographic and behavioral data on age, gender, ethnicity, frequency of eating CC cookies, daily effort to consume fiber (FD), consumption of reduced-fat (RF) cookies, and texture preference (TP) of CC cookies were collected. The 50% HSFWB cookie could be potentially marketed among older consumers (22+), males, Hispanics, individuals who consume CC cookies at least once a week, those making a FD in their diet, persons who consume RF cookies, as well as those who have no TP for CC cookies. A response surface relating flavor and texture to overall acceptability produced almost equivalent results to the multivariate PLS results in terms of predicting overall acceptability, which facilitates analysis and interpretation. C1 [Omary, Maria Botero; Lewis, Douglas S.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Arndt, Elizabeth] ConAgra Foods, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. [Frost, Diana J.] Ronpak, Mira Loma, CA 91752 USA. [Winstone, Lauren M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Omary, MB (reprint author), Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. EM mboteroomary@csupomona.edu OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU California Agricultural Research Initiative FX We would like to extend appreciation to the California Agricultural Research Initiative for funds provided to support this project. We would also like to extend appreciation to Annette Pettit, Arnold Zavalza, and Robert Fee for allowing the use of kitchen facilities during cookie baking. Words of appreciation go to Nancy Gonzalez for assistance in the test kitchen and to Chioma Ikonte at Access Business Group for help with particle size determinations. We are deeply appreciative of Elyse M. Petersen for assistance in the laboratory and to Koushik Adhikari for initial statistical analysis assistance. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 86 IS 5 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-5-0565 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 503TB UT WOS:000270561700013 ER PT J AU Chen, RY Seabourn, BW Xie, F Herald, TJ AF Chen, R. Y. Seabourn, B. W. Xie, F. Herald, T. J. TI A Modified Extensigraph Method for Evaluating Dough Properties of Hard Wheat Breeding Lines SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLOUR DOUGH; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; BREADMAKING PERFORMANCE; SMALL-SCALE; EXTENSIBILITY; GLUTEN AB wA modified extensigraph method reduced sample quantity to 100 g from 300 g and testing time by half with easy dough preparation compared to the AACC standard extensigraph method, which challenges wheat breeding programs where the sample size is small and evaluations of large numbers of samples are demanded. Correlation coefficients (r) for 93 pairs of each of six extensigraph dough characteristics of 31 different tested wheat samples were r = 0.95 for resistance-to-extension, r = 0.80 for extensibility, r = 0.93 for ratio of resistance-to-extension to extensibility, r = 0.92 for ratio of maximum resistance-to-extension to extensibility, and r = 0.81 for area under the curve (energy). Correlation coefficients for the measurements of extensigraph dough characteristics at each of three rest-time tests between the modified and standard methods were significant. Some dough mixing characteristics and bake tests correlated better with dough extension characteristics when determined by the modified method. Repeatability of the modified method test was good. The modified extensigraph method can be a useful alternative to the standard method for the milling and baking industries, crop quality surveys, and wheat quality research. C1 [Chen, R. Y.; Seabourn, B. W.; Herald, T. J.] ARS, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Xie, F.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chen, RY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM richard.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 86 IS 5 BP 582 EP 589 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-5-0582 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 503TB UT WOS:000270561700015 ER PT J AU Spokas, KA Koskinen, WC Baker, JM Reicosky, DC AF Spokas, K. A. Koskinen, W. C. Baker, J. M. Reicosky, D. C. TI Impacts of woodchip biochar additions on greenhouse gas production and sorption/degradation of two herbicides in a Minnesota soil SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Char; Carbon; Charcoal; Biomass; Pyrolysis; Respiration ID CROP RESIDUE BURNS; BLACK CARBON; PESTICIDE SORPTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; FOREST SOILS; LAND-USE; CHARCOAL; ADSORPTION; METHANE AB A potential abatement to increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is the use of pyrolysis to convert vegetative biomass into a more stable form of carbon (biochar) that could then be applied to the soil. However, the impacts of pyrolysis biochar on the soil system need to be assessed before initiating large scale biochar applications to agricultural fields. We compared CO2 respiration, nitrous oxide (N2O) production, methane (CH4) oxidation and herbicide retention and transformation through laboratory incubations at field capacity in a Minnesota soil (Waukegan silt loam) with and without added biochar. CO2 originating from the biochar needs to be subtracted from the soil-biochar combination in order to elucidate the impact of biochar on soil respiration. After this correction, biochar amendments reduced CO2 production for all amendment levels tested (2, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60% w/w: corresponding to 24-720 t ha(-1) field application rates). In addition, biochar additions suppressed N2O production at all levels. However, these reductions were only significant at biochar amendment levels >20% w/w. Biochar additions also significantly suppressed ambient CH4 oxidation at all levels compared to unamended soil. The addition of biochar (5% w/w) to soil increased the sorption of atrazine and acetochlor compared to non-amended soils, resulting in decreased dissipation rates of these herbicides. The recalcitrance of the biochar suggests that it could be a viable carbon sequestration strategy, and might provide substantial net greenhouse gas benefits if the reductions in N2O production are lasting. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Spokas, K. A.; Koskinen, W. C.; Baker, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Res Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Reicosky, D. C.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Spokas, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Res Management Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kurt.spokas@ars.usda.gov RI Spokas, Kurt/F-4839-2016 OI Spokas, Kurt/0000-0002-5049-5959 NR 43 TC 248 Z9 312 U1 24 U2 302 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2009 VL 77 IS 4 BP 574 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.053 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514CI UT WOS:000271370900018 PM 19647284 ER PT J AU Lorber, M Patterson, D Huwe, J Kahn, H AF Lorber, Matthew Patterson, Donald Huwe, Janice Kahn, Henry TI Evaluation of background exposures of Americans to dioxin-like compounds in the 1990s and the 2000s SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Dioxins; PCBs; Background exposure; NHANES ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; UNITED-STATES POPULATION; SERUM CONCENTRATION DATA; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; US POPULATION; SAMPLES; PCB; CONGENERS AB The US Environmental Protection Agency's 2004 Dioxin Reassessment included a characterization of background exposures to dioxin-like compounds, including an estimate of an average background intake dose and an average background body burden. These quantities were derived from data generated in the mid-1990s. Studies conducted in the 2000s were gathered in an attempt to update the estimates generated by the Reassessment. While these studies suggest declines in the average background dose and body burden, a precise quantification of this decline, much less a conclusion that a decline has indeed occurred, cannot be made because of the inconsistency of study design and data sources, and the treatment of non-detects in the generation of congener average concentrations. The average background intake of the Reassessment was 61.0 pg TEQ/day, and using more current data, the average background intake was 40.6 pg TEQ/day. The average body burden from the surveys in the mid-1990s was 22.9 pg TEQ/g lipid weight (pg/g lwt). More recent blood concentration data, from NHANES 2001/2, suggest an adult average at 21.7 pg/g TEQ lwt. These TEQ values include the 17 dioxin and furan congeners and 3 coplanar PCBs, and were generated substituting ND = 1/2 DL or ND = DL/sq rt (2). Results are provided for ND = 0 and analyses conducted to evaluate the impacts of this substitution. A more detailed examination of beef and pork data from similarly designed national statistical surveys show that declines in pork are statistically significant while the beef concentrations appeared to have remained constant between the time periods. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lorber, Matthew; Kahn, Henry] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Patterson, Donald] EnviroSolut Consulting Inc, Jasper, GA 30143 USA. [Huwe, Janice] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND USA. RP Lorber, M (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM lorber.matthew@epa.gov NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD OCT PY 2009 VL 77 IS 5 BP 640 EP 651 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.016 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515DB UT WOS:000271445700006 PM 19733382 ER PT J AU Davis, LK Fox, BK Lim, C Hiramatsu, N Sullivan, CV Hirano, T Grau, EG AF Davis, Lori K. Fox, Bradley K. Lim, Chhorn Hiramatsu, Naoshi Sullivan, Craig V. Hirano, Tetsuya Grau, E. Gordon TI Induction of vitellogenin production in male tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) by commercial fish diets SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vitellogenin; Tilapia; Fishmeal; Fish diet; Estrogen ID BASS MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES; STURGEON ACIPENSER-BAERI; GROWTH-HORMONE RECEPTOR; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; RAINBOW-TROUT; SIBERIAN STURGEON; GENE-EXPRESSION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MOZAMBIQUE TILAPIA; MESSENGER-RNA AB Mozambique tilapia, (Oreochromis mossambicus), are a euryhaline teleost and an important biological model species. Captive male tilapia frequently have high levels of the estrogen-induced yolk precursor protein vitellogenin (Vg), a common indicator of exposure to estrogenic compounds. Sex steroids are found in commercial fish diets, but relatively few studies have examined the relationship between commercial diets and Vg production. In a fasting experiment to ascertain a dietary role in male Vg production, plasma Vg was reduced to negligible levels after 2 weeks of fasting, while no change in estrogen receptor (ER) expression was seen. When male tilapia were fed a squid-based diet that replaced the commercial trout diet, plasma Vg was reduced to undetectable levels over 40 days, concomitant with significant reductions in hepatic expression of Vgs A, B, and C, and ER, compared with control fish fed commercial trout diet. Female tilapia fed the squid-based for 20 days had no change in these parameters. When male tilapia were fed a defined, soy-based diet, plasma Vg reduced to 20% of levels in fish given either commercial trout diet or a defined, fishmeal-based diet. Overall, results from these studies suggest that estrogens in a commercial trout diet induce vitellogenin production by increasing expression of Vg, but not ER genes in male tilapia. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Davis, Lori K.; Fox, Bradley K.; Hirano, Tetsuya; Grau, E. Gordon] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Davis, Lori K.; Fox, Bradley K.; Hirano, Tetsuya; Grau, E. Gordon] Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Lim, Chhorn] MSA, Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA ARS, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Hiramatsu, Naoshi] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Sullivan, Craig V.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Grau, EG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM grau@hawaii.edu RI Sullivan, Craig/B-3863-2014 OI Sullivan, Craig/0000-0002-3609-9458 FU EPA STAR [FP91642801]; National Science Foundation [IOB 05-17769]; US Department of Agriculture [2005-35206-15285, 2008-35206-18785]; Pauley Foundation Summer Program FX This work was supported in part by grants from EPA STAR Fellowship (FP91642801) to LK.D., National Science Foundation (IOB 05-17769), US Department of Agriculture (2005-35206-15285, 2008-35206-18785), and the Pauley Foundation Summer Program 2004, 2005, and 2008 to E.G.G. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 154 IS 2 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.06.009 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 484EA UT WOS:000269025200011 PM 19559096 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Sharma, BD Li, YX Miller, GW AF Wang, Jingxin Sharma, Benktesh D. Li, Yaoxiang Miller, Gary W. TI Modeling and validating spatial patterns of a 3D stand generator for central Appalachian hardwood forests SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Spatial patterns; Stand generation; Stand dynamics; Computer simulation; Visualization; Appalachian hardwood ID DISTRIBUTIONS; HARVEST AB A 3 D stand generator and visualization system was developed for generating a spatially explicit forest for central Appalachian hardwood forests. Spatial pattern of the stand generator was modeled and validated by characterizing a 75-year old central Appalachian mixed hardwood forest dominated by red oak, chestnut oak, red maple, and yellow poplar. All the trees larger than 12.7 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured for DBH, total height, crown height and crown width along with their locations in thirty 0.162 ha plots. Stand attributes, i.e. species compositions, mean DBH, total height, basal area and volume in the generated stand never exceeded a difference of 10% from the actual stand attributes. The generated stand can thus be used as an alternate to time consuming manual measurement of spatial location of trees for related ecological studies and training purposes and to visualize the same in 3D perspectives. The results also indicated the potential of using this stand generator in simulating stand spatial patterns and generating stands in other regions with some modification in growth functions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Jingxin; Sharma, Benktesh D.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Li, Yaoxiang] NE Forestry Univ, Coll Engn & Technol, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China. [Miller, Gary W.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jxwang@wvu.edu RI Sharma, Benktesh/J-6061-2012 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 68 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2009.05.005 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 484EC UT WOS:000269025400001 ER PT J AU Slauson, KM Zielinski, WJ Stone, KD AF Slauson, Keith M. Zielinski, William J. Stone, Karen D. TI Characterizing the molecular variation among American marten (Martes americana) subspecies from Oregon and California SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Martes americana; Marten; Subspecies; Haplotype; Glacial refugia ID FORESTS; DNA AB We investigated the subspecific identity of a rediscovered population of American martens within the range of a presumed extinct subspecies ( Martes americana humboldtensis) by comparing mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity from contemporary individuals within the described ranges of M. a. humboldtensis, nearby ranges of M. a. caurina and M. a. sierrae, and a museum specimen of M. a. humboldtensis. Martens from the rediscovered population shared a haplotype (#2) with the museum specimen. This haplotype was found only in the coastal regions of Oregon and California, suggesting that the rediscovered population represents descendants of a relictual population that previously existed in coastal California. The subspecific boundary between M. a. humboldtensis and M. a. caurina may not be valid, because haplotype #2 was shared between coastal Oregon and coastal California populations and no known contemporary or historical biogeographic barriers prevent north-south movement. Thus, marten populations currently located in coastal forests of California and Oregon should be managed collectively to preserve the connectivity that our data suggest occurred historically. M. a. sierrae differed substantially from both M. a. humboldtensis and M. a. caurina, suggesting marten populations were not a historically genetically homogeneous population and divergence may have occurred in separate glacial refugia. C1 [Slauson, Keith M.; Zielinski, William J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Stone, Karen D.] So Oregon Univ, Dept Biol, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. RP Slauson, KM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM kslauson@fs.fed.us FU USDAFS Pacific Southwest Research Station; Western Section of The Wildlife Society; USFWS Arcata Office and National Science Foundation [DBI-0115892] FX Richard Truex and Michael Schwartz: USFS, Joseph Cook and Natalie Dawson: University of New Mexico, Erin O'Leary: Idaho State University, John Perrine: University of California Berkeley, Lassen Volcanic National Monument resource staff, Chris Conroy and Eileen Lacey: Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, and Jessica Flayer, Tony Hacking, Ben Marckmann, Chet Ogan, David Prins and Noel Soucy, field assistants. Samples of museum skins were graciously provided by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. Project funding: USDAFS Pacific Southwest Research Station, Western Section of The Wildlife Society, USFWS Arcata Office and National Science Foundation (# DBI-0115892). NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1337 EP 1341 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9626-x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 505YF UT WOS:000270737400013 ER PT J AU Renshaw, MA Carson, EW Hanna, AH Rexroad, CE Krabbenhoft, TJ Gold, JR AF Renshaw, Mark A. Carson, Evan W. Hanna, Ashley H. Rexroad, Caird E., III Krabbenhoft, Trevor J. Gold, John R. TI Microsatellite markers for species of the genus Dionda (Cyprinidae) from the American southwest SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Microsatellites; Genus Dionda ID CAPE FEAR SHINER; NOTROPIS-MEKISTOCHOLAS; FISHES AB Thirty-eight microsatellite markers were developed from an enriched genomic DNA library of the cyprinid fish (minnow) Dionda episcopa. The microsatellites include 31 perfect-repeat motifs (29 dinucleotide, 1 trinucleotide, and 1 tetranucleotide) and 7 imperfect-repeat dinucleotide motifs. The microsatellite primers were used to amplify microsatellites from five related congeners: D. argentosa, D. diaboli, D. episcopa, D. nigrotaeniata, and D. serena. One species (D. diaboli) is listed as threatened and critically imperiled and two species (D. argentosa and D. serena) are listed as imperiled; the conservation status of D. nigrotaeniata is unknown. The number of experimentally tractable microsatellite markers varied from 28 for D. diaboli to 34 for D. episcopa. The number of polymorphic microsatellites conforming to Hardy-Weinberg expectations (following Bonferroni correction) ranged from 19 (D. diaboli) to 27 (D. argentosa). One pairwise comparison of microsatellites (in D. nigrotaeniata) deviated significantly from expectations of genotypic equilibrium. The microsatellite markers will be useful for conservation and population-genetic studies of these and other species in genus Dionda. C1 [Renshaw, Mark A.; Carson, Evan W.; Hanna, Ashley H.; Gold, John R.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rexroad, Caird E., III] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cold & Cool Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Krabbenhoft, Trevor J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Krabbenhoft, Trevor J.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Renshaw, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mrenshaw@ag.tamu.edu OI Carson, Evan/0000-0001-5502-9984; Krabbenhoft, Trevor/0000-0002-7680-5169 FU State Wildlife Grant [196331]; Texas AGRILife Research [H-6703] FX We thank G. Garrett, R. Edwards, and K. Phillips for assistance with procuring the samples, and R. Long and S. C. Bradfield for technical expertise in the laboratory. Work was supported by State Wildlife Grant 196331 of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and Project H-6703 of Texas AGRILife Research. This paper is Contribution No. 166 of the Center for Biosystematics and Biodiversity at Texas A & M University. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1569 EP 1575 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9797-5 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 505YF UT WOS:000270737400066 ER PT J AU Medrano, EG Esquivel, J Bell, A Greene, J Roberts, P Bacheler, J Marois, J Wright, D Nichols, R Lopez, J AF Medrano, Enrique Gino Esquivel, Jesus Bell, Alois Greene, Jeremy Roberts, Phillip Bacheler, Jack Marois, James Wright, David Nichols, Robert Lopez, Juan TI Potential for Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Transmit Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens into Cotton Bolls SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREEN STINK BUG; PANTOEA-ANANATIS; HETEROPTERA; SEED; YIELD; QUALITY; ONION; ROT; L. AB Recently, we showed that the southern green stink bug (SGSB), Nezara viridula (L.), can transmit Pantoea agglomerans (Ewing and Fife), an opportunistic bacterium, into green cotton bolls resulting in plant disease. Here, we hypothesized that our established model could be used to determine if the SGSB was a general, non-discriminate vector by using two other opportunistic bacterial pathogens of bolls (Pantoea ananatis [Serano] and Klebsiella pneumoniae [Schroeter]) and the known fungal pathogen Nematospora coryli (Peglion). Variants of P. ananatis (strain Pa-1R) and K. pneumoniae (strain Kp 5-1R) selected for rifampicin (Rif) resistance were used as bacterial opportunists. N. coryli was detected only from laboratory-reared SGSB directly exposed to the fungus. Both Pa-1R and Kp 5-1R were recovered from SGSB previously provided a contaminated food source (2 days), sterile food (5 days), and then harvested after being caged on bolls (2 days) at levels reaching 10(3) and 10(4) colony forming units (cfus) per insect, respectively. However, bolls caged with insects infected with Pa-1R or Kp 5-1R and with evidence of feeding did not become diseased nor were either opportunists detected from boll tissues. Insects infected with N. coryli transmitted the pathogen, which resulted in diseased bolls and fungi concentrations reached 10(6) cfus/g locule tissue at 2 weeks following the caging period. Notably, each of the three pathogens independently caused boll disease when mechanically inoculated using a needle puncture. Generally, these results suggest that cotton pathogen acquisition by the SGSB was not sufficient to determine whether the insects were disease vectors of the opportunists. C1 [Medrano, Enrique Gino; Bell, Alois] USDA ARS, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Esquivel, Jesus; Lopez, Juan] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Greene, Jeremy] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Roberts, Phillip] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bacheler, Jack] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Marois, James; Wright, David] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Nichols, Robert] Cotton Inc, Agr Res, New York, NY USA. RP Medrano, EG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. EM gino.medrano@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated Cooperative Research Agreement [07-146] FX Thanks are due to Cyndy Menn, C. Brittany Tiner, Renata L. Luff, and Lori L. Hinze for providing greatly appreciated technical assistance. Krista S. Doughty is credited for critically reading and editing the manuscript. This research was partially supported by a Cotton Incorporated Cooperative Research Agreement (No. 07-146) granted to EGM. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 59 IS 4 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.1007/s00284-009-9452-5 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 494YY UT WOS:000269857200008 PM 19636620 ER PT J AU Wynn, TA Ramalingam, T Wilson, M Thompson, R Mentink-Kane, M Urban, J Cheever, A Murray, P Pesce, J AF Wynn, Thomas A. Ramalingam, Thirumalai Wilson, Mark Thompson, Robert Mentink-Kane, Margaret Urban, Joe Cheever, Allen Murray, Peter Pesce, John TI Dissecting "Alternative Macrophage Activation": The role of L-arginine metabolism in chronic inflammation and fibrosis SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Tri-Society Annual Conference of the International-Cytokine-Society/International-Society-of-Interferon-and-C ytokine-Research/Society-of-Leukocyte-Biology CY OCT 17-21, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Int Cytokine Soc, Int Soc Interferon & Cytokin Res, Soc Leukocyte Biol C1 [Wynn, Thomas A.; Ramalingam, Thirumalai; Wilson, Mark; Thompson, Robert; Mentink-Kane, Margaret; Cheever, Allen; Pesce, John] NIAID, Immunopathogenesis Sect, LPD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Urban, Joe; Pesce, John] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Murray, Peter; Pesce, John] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RI Wynn, Thomas/C-2797-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD OCT-NOV PY 2009 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.07.122 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 507LN UT WOS:000270855100098 ER PT J AU He, HQ MacKinnon, KM Genovese, KJ Kogut, MH AF He, Haiqi MacKinnon, Kathryn M. Genovese, Kenneth J. Kogut, Michael H. TI CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and double-stranded RNA (poly I:C) synergize the expression of iNOS, proinflammatory cytokine, and chemokine genes in chicken peripheral blood monocytes SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Tri-Society Annual Conference of the International-Cytokine-Society/International-Society-of-Interferon-and-C ytokine-Research/Society-of-Leukocyte-Biology CY OCT 17-21, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Int Cytokine Soc, Int Soc Interferon & Cytokin Res, Soc Leukocyte Biol C1 [He, Haiqi; MacKinnon, Kathryn M.; Genovese, Kenneth J.; Kogut, Michael H.] ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD OCT-NOV PY 2009 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.07.181 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 507LN UT WOS:000270855100188 ER PT J AU Genovese, KJ He, HQ Nisbet, DJ Harvey, RB AF Genovese, Kenneth J. He, Haiqi Nisbet, David J. Harvey, Roger B. TI Swine mixed continuous flow bacterial culture induces IL-1 beta, IFN-gamma, and IL-18 production in splenocytes derived from neonatal swine SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Tri-Society Annual Conference of the International-Cytokine-Society/International-Society-of-Interferon-and-C ytokine-Research/Society-of-Leukocyte-Biology CY OCT 17-21, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP Int Cytokine Soc, Int Soc Interferon & Cytokin Res, Soc Leukocyte Biol C1 [Genovese, Kenneth J.; He, Haiqi; Nisbet, David J.; Harvey, Roger B.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD OCT-NOV PY 2009 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.07.474 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 507LN UT WOS:000270855100403 ER PT J AU Liu, SX Kim, JT AF Liu, Sean X. Kim, Jun-Tae TI Study of adsorption kinetics of surfactants onto polyethersulfone membrane surface using QCM-D SO DESALINATION LA English DT Article DE QCM-D; Adsorption; Polyethersulfone; Surfactant; Viscoelastic properties; Membrane fouling ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; RINSING WATERS AB The adsorption kinetics of surfactants onto the crystal surface spin-coated with a thin layer of a model membrane material, polyethersulfone was monitored through measurements of frequency and dissipation shifts simultaneously using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) apparatus. In this study, the viscoelastic behaviors of the adsorbed surfactant layers of sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine and their mixed solution (1: 1) expressed through the dissipation parameters from the QCM-D measurements were used to deduce the structures of the adsorbed layers of the surfactants as a combinative result of characteristics of the surfactant and the hydrophobicity of the membrane surface. C1 [Liu, Sean X.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Kim, Jun-Tae] Cornell Univ, Dept Fiber Sci & Apparel Design, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Liu, SX (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sean.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-9164 J9 DESALINATION JI Desalination PD OCT PY 2009 VL 247 IS 1-3 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.desal.2008.08.002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 504RH UT WOS:000270634400034 ER PT J AU Williams, PN Collier, CT Carroll, JA Welsh, TH Laurenz, JC AF Williams, P. N. Collier, C. T. Carroll, J. A. Welsh, T. H., Jr. Laurenz, J. C. TI Temporal pattern and effect of sex on lipopolysaccharide-induced stress hormone and cytokine response in pigs SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cytokine; Sex; Lipopolysaccharide; Pig; Stress ID ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; SPRAY-DRIED PLASMA; IMMUNE FUNCTION; NEONATAL PIGS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; MACROPHAGES; INJECTION; DISEASE; SYSTEM; TIME AB The temporal pattern and sex effect of immune and stress hormone responses to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge were assessed using a pig model. Secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, and IL-6 increased in a time-dependent manner following LPS infusion. There was also a time-dependent increase in secretion of the stress-related hormones cortisol, epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) following LPS, with peak concentrations attained within 30 min. The magnitude of the TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta responses were both positively associated (P<0.05) with the magnitude of cortisol response following LPS, whereas serum IL-1 beta and IL-6 were positively correlated with the magnitude of E and NE responses following LPS. Acute-phase protein production was also time-dependently increased following LPS. The concentration of immune cells in circulation was decreased (P<0.05) at 5.5 h post-LPS and negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine production. By 24h post-LPS, immune cell counts increased (P<0.05) and were positively associated with both pro-inflammatory cytokine and stress hormone production. The amplitude of pro-inflammatory cytokine response following LPS was affected (P<0.05) by sex classification; however, the magnitude of elevated cytokine concentrations was not. The magnitude of the NE response, but not of the E and cortisol responses, to LPS was influenced by sex (P<0.05). Similar to the pro-inflammatory cytokines, the magnitude of exposure to the stress hormones following LPS was not influenced by sex. The production of serum amyloid A (SAA) was influenced by sex, with barrows producing more SAA than gilts at 24 h post-LPS (P<0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrate sex-specific, concomitant temporal changes in innate immune- and stress-related hormones. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Williams, P. N.; Collier, C. T.; Laurenz, J. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Agr & Human Sci, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Carroll, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Welsh, T. H., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Laurenz, JC (reprint author), ENMU Stn 2,1500 S Ave K, Portales, NM 88130 USA. EM jamie.laurenz@enmu.edu FU DHHS/NIHINIGMS/MBRS [5S06GM008107-33]; Texas AgriLife Research; USDA Animal Health Formula; USDAICSREES Hispanic Serving Institution [2005-3842215945] FX This study was supported by: grant #5S06GM008107-33 from DHHS/NIHINIGMS/MBRS to JCL; Texas AgriLife Research and USDA Animal Health Formula funds to THW; and, USDAICSREES Hispanic Serving Institution Grant Award #2005-3842215945 to JCL and M. Garcia. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 37 IS 3 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.04.004 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 491XL UT WOS:000269616800001 PM 19523782 ER PT J AU Robinet, C Liebhold, AM AF Robinet, Christelle Liebhold, Andrew M. TI Dispersal polymorphism in an invasive forest pest affects its ability to establish SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Allee effects; biological invasion; diffusion; dispersal; gypsy moth; individual-based model; Lymantria dispar; mating success; stochasticity ID LYMANTRIA-DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; GYPSY-MOTH POPULATIONS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MATING SUCCESS; NORTH-AMERICA; FEMALE FLIGHT; UNITED-STATES; INSECT INVASIONS; ECONOMIC COSTS; RISK ANALYSIS AB Given the increasing number of biological invasions, there is a crucial need to identify life history traits that promote invasion. Invasiveness reflects capabilities for both establishment after introduction and spread following establishment. In this paper, we explore, via simulation, the interacting effects of dispersal and Allee effects on both invasion processes. Dispersal capability is a trait that has been widely recognized to facilitate invasions. However, dispersal dilutes local population densities in isolated populations and this could strengthen Allee effects, ultimately promoting extinction of invading populations. A spatially explicit, stochastic individual-based model was used to simulate dispersal, mating, and growth in isolated, newly arrived invading populations. We used the invasion of North America by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, as a case study because: (1) a great amount of biological data on the species is available; (2) Allee effects caused by mate location failure are known to play an important role in its establishment and spread; and (3) a dispersal polymorphism has previously been identified (i.e., in some populations adult females are fully capable of flight, but in other populations females are not able to fly). We considered the introduction of a hypothetical number of eggs at a single location, originating from populations with varying female dispersal capabilities, and we then used simulation models to evaluate the population growth rate over two generations as well as spread distance. Nondispersing populations had the highest growth rates and inclusion of even limited dispersal capabilities caused population growth rates to be greatly diminished. The Allee threshold was 700 eggs for nondispersing populations and 1400 eggs for the long-distance dispersing populations. Thus, for an intermediate number of eggs initially introduced, nondispersing populations would most likely establish, whereas dispersing populations would likely become extinct. Spread distance increased linearly with the number of eggs initially introduced in both dispersing and nondispersing populations but rapidly reached a limit for nondispersing populations. Though species capable of long-distance dispersal may invade a larger area than nondispersing species, their growth rates are likely to be considerably lower, and eradication should be easier. Following these results, strategies for managing invasions should be adjusted for the interactions between Allee effects and dispersal. C1 [Robinet, Christelle] INRA, UR Zool Forestiere 633, F-45075 Orleans, France. [Robinet, Christelle; Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Robinet, C (reprint author), INRA, UR Zool Forestiere 633, F-45075 Orleans, France. EM robinet@orleans.inra.fr RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 67 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1935 EP 1943 DI 10.1890/08-1971.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496BH UT WOS:000269942500020 PM 19831081 ER PT J AU Hunt, PG Stone, KC Matheny, TA Poach, ME Vanotti, MB Ducey, TF AF Hunt, P. G. Stone, K. C. Matheny, T. A. Poach, M. E. Vanotti, M. B. Ducey, T. F. TI Denitrification of nitrified and non-nitrified swine lagoon wastewater in the suspended sludge layer of treatment wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Denitrification; Nitrification; DEA; Suspended sludge; Nitrous oxide; Swine wastewater; Treatment wetlands ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; EASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; PIG SLURRY; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; NITRATE REMOVAL; NORTH-CAROLINA; NITRIFICATION; MANURE; OXIDATION AB One method for managing livestock-wastewater N is the use of treatment wetlands. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the magnitude of denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) in the suspended sludge layers of bulrush and cattail treatment wetlands, and (2) evaluate the impact of nitrogen pretreatment on DEA in the suspended sludge layer. The study used four wetland cells (3.6 m x 33.5 m) with two cells connected in series. Each wetland series received either untreated or partially nitrified swine wastewater from a single-cell anaerobic lagoon. The DEA of the suspended sludge layers of the constructed wetlands was measured by the acetylene inhibition method. The control DEA treatment for the sludge layer had a mean rate of 18 mu g N2O-N g(-1) sludge h(-1). Moreover, the potential DEA (nitrate-N and glucose-C added) mean was very large, 121 mu gN(2)O-N g(-1) sludge h(-1). These DEA rates are consistent with the previously reported high levels of nitrogen removal by denitrification from these wetlands, especially when the wastewater was partially nitrified. Stepwise regression using distance within the wetland, wastewater nitrate, and wastewater ammonia explained much of the variation in DEA rates. In both bulrush and cattail wetlands, there were zones of very high potential DEA. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hunt, P. G.; Stone, K. C.; Matheny, T. A.; Poach, M. E.; Vanotti, M. B.; Ducey, T. F.] ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Patrick.Hunt@ars.usda.gov OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1514 EP 1522 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.07.001 PG 9 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 504VH UT WOS:000270645400017 ER PT J AU Srygley, RB Lorch, PD Simpson, SJ Sword, GA AF Srygley, Robert B. Lorch, Patrick D. Simpson, Stephen J. Sword, Gregory A. TI Immediate protein dietary effects on movement and the generalised immunocompetence of migrating Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biological control; encapsulation; immunity; katydid; lysozyme; migration; nutrition; phenoloxidase ID IMMUNE FUNCTION; TRADE-OFFS; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; BATEMANS PRINCIPLE; INSECT; ACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; IMMUNOLOGY; SOLITARY; REVERSAL AB 1. Mormon crickets form large migratory bands that march over rangeland in the western United States seeking salt and protein. Immune defence is particularly relevant to survival in migratory bands, but little is known about the role of nutrition in insect immunocompetence. We hypothesised that immune defences are compromised in these migratory bands due to nutrient limitations. 2. In a migratory band in Utah, we investigated whether access to a protein relative to a carbohydrate diet would immediately reduce migratory activity, as had been shown for Mormon crickets in a previous study in Idaho, and whether the protein diet would enhance immune defence responses. 3. Radio-tracking Mormon crickets in the field, we found that locomotor activity was significantly and positively associated with body mass. Body mass-adjusted locomotor activity declined marginally following access to a protein diet, whereas spontaneous phenoloxidase (PO) activity was enhanced by the same diet. The encapsulation response and lysozyme-like activity were directly proportional to body mass, but unaffected by the dietary treatments in the short term. Within 6 h of feeding on protein or carbohydrates, Mormon crickets exhibited measurable effects on the immune system. 4. We conclude that nutrition impacts immune function in migrating insects in the field. Spontaneous PO activity may be limited by dietary deficiency in a protein-seeking band of Mormon crickets. C1 [Srygley, Robert B.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Area Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Lorch, Patrick D.] Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Simpson, Stephen J.; Sword, Gregory A.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Srygley, Robert B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Srygley, RB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Area Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM robert.srygley@ars.usda.gov OI Sword, Gregory/0000-0003-2094-2436 FU Australian Research Council [DP0664704] FX We thank S. Bazazi (University of Oxford), I. Couzins (Princeton University), and L. Senior (USDA-ARS) for help in the field, and L. Senior for help with laboratory analyses. S. Simpson and G. Sword were supported by a Discovery Project grant (DP0664704) from the Australian Research Council. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 34 IS 5 BP 663 EP 668 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2009.01117.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 493IK UT WOS:000269729800015 ER PT J AU Sierra, CA Loescher, HW Harmon, ME Richardson, AD Hollinger, DY Perakis, SS AF Sierra, Carlos A. Loescher, Henry W. Harmon, Mark E. Richardson, Andrew D. Hollinger, David Y. Perakis, Steven S. TI Interannual variation of carbon fluxes from three contrasting evergreen forests: the role of forest dynamics and climate SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; carbon sources and sinks; climate variability; ecosystem carbon fluxes; ecosystem modeling; forest dynamics; hypothesis testing; old-growth forests; STANDCARB ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL FORESTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EXCHANGE; DIOXIDE; TERM; ECOSYSTEMS; BALANCE; BOREAL AB Interannual variation of carbon fluxes can be attributed to a number of biotic and abiotic controls that operate at different spatial and temporal scales. Type and frequency of disturbance, forest dynamics, and climate regimes are important sources of variability. Assessing the variability of carbon fluxes from these specific sources can enhance the interpretation of past and current observations. Being able to separate the variability caused by forest dynamics from that induced by climate will also give us the ability to determine if the current observed carbon fluxes are within an expected range or whether the ecosystem is undergoing unexpected change. Sources of interannual variation in ecosystem carbon fluxes from three evergreen ecosystems, a tropical, a temperate coniferous, and a boreal forest, were explored using the simulation model STANDCARB. We identified key processes that introduced variation in annual fluxes, but their relative importance differed among the ecosystems studied. In the tropical site, intrinsic forest dynamics contributed similar to 30% of the total variation in annual carbon fluxes. In the temperate and boreal sites, where many forest processes occur over longer temporal scales than those at the tropical site, climate controlled more of the variation among annual fluxes. These results suggest that climate-related variability affects the rates of carbon exchange differently among sites. Simulations in which temperature, precipitation, and radiation varied from year to year (based on historical records of climate variation) had less net carbon stores than simulations in which these variables were held constant (based on historical records of monthly average climate), a result caused by the functional relationship between temperature and respiration. This suggests that, under a more variable temperature regime, large respiratory pulses may become more frequent and high enough to cause a reduction in ecosystem carbon stores. Our results also show that the variation of annual carbon fluxes poses an important challenge in our ability to determine whether an ecosystem is a source, a sink, or is neutral in regard to CO2 at longer timescales. In simulations where climate change negatively affected ecosystem carbon stores, there was a 20% chance of committing Type II error, even with 20 years of sequential data. C1 [Sierra, Carlos A.; Loescher, Henry W.; Harmon, Mark E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Loescher, Henry W.] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Sci Off, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sierra, CA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM carlos.sierra@oregonstate.edu RI Sierra, Carlos/A-5694-2009; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012 OI Sierra, Carlos/0000-0003-0009-4169; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; FU Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy [DE 06ER64307]; Interagency Agreement [DE-AI02-07ER64355]; National Institute for Climatic Change Research; Kay and Ward Richardson Endowment; U. S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE 06ER64307, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-07ER64355 and through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research, the Kay and Ward Richardson Endowment, and the U. S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program. The authors thank S. Luyssaert for data access, E. A. Thomann for mathematical advice, E. A. Davidson for comments on modeling soil carbon stores at the Howland site, Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science, for logistical support, and the anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 10 BP 2711 EP 2723 DI 10.1890/08-0073.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 500CH UT WOS:000270274200008 PM 19886481 ER PT J AU Pitroda, AP Harris, SS Dawson-Hughes, B AF Pitroda, Arpita Patel Harris, Susan S. Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI The association of adiposity with parathyroid hormone in healthy older adults SO ENDOCRINE LA English DT Article DE Body fat; Parathyroid hormone; Bone turnover; Calcium binding; Insulin; Glucose ID VITAMIN-D STATUS; BODY-MASS INDEX; LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; MORBID-OBESITY; MINERAL METABOLISM; DIALYSIS PATIENTS; HEART-DISEASE; BONE MASS AB Elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. PTH levels increase with adiposity in older adults but the basis for this association is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the association of percent body fat (%Fat) with serum PTH in 307 older men and women and to determine the extent to which it may be explained by vitamin D status, bone turnover, calcium metabolism, and glucose homeostasis. The data are from the baseline visit of a clinical trial of calcium and vitamin D to prevent bone loss. %Fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and fasting blood and urine samples were collected. Serum PTH levels increased by about 0.4 pmol/l per 10 unit increase in percent body fat (P = 0.003). The variables that we examined, including plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus, and insulin explained only a small proportion of this association (18%). Further work is needed to identify the mediators of the higher PTH levels in subjects with greater adiposity. This is important in view of worldwide increases in overweight and obesity and the potential contribution of elevated PTH to morbidity and mortality. C1 [Harris, Susan S.; Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pitroda, Arpita Patel; Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA USA. RP Harris, SS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.harris@tufts.edu FU NIH [U01 AG 010353]; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [581950-7-707] FX This material is based upon work supported by NIH grant number U01 AG 010353 and the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under agreement No. 581950-7-707. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0969-711X J9 ENDOCRINE JI Endocrine PD OCT PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP 218 EP 223 DI 10.1007/s12020-009-9231-x PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 498UO UT WOS:000270169800007 PM 19711204 ER PT J AU Popham, HJR Shelby, KS AF Popham, Holly J. R. Shelby, Kent S. TI Ascorbic acid influences the development and immunocompetence of larval Heliothis virescens SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; baculovirus; red fluorescent protein; Noctuidae; infection resistance; vitamin C; HzSNPV; AcMNPV; per os ID DIETARY VITAMIN-C; BACULOVIRUS INFECTION; PENAEUS-MONODON; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; VIRAL-INFECTION; MANDUCA-SEXTA; GRASS SHRIMP; CELL-LINES; ANTIOXIDANT; HOST AB Ascorbic acid, known to be a free radical scavenger and vital to insect development, is important in larval resistance to baculovirus infection. We sequentially elevated the ascorbic acid content in an ascorbic acid-depleted diet and evaluated the effect on larval Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) development and immunocompetence. Dietary ascorbic acid levels lower than 0.7 g l= 18.9 degrees C. The relationship between temperature and survival was described by a nonlinear function that estimated the optimum temperature in each feeding regimen: no host plant or moist cotton (5.5 degrees C), moist cotton (9.9 degrees C), and accessible host plant (25.1 degrees C). The model quantitatively predicted that H. vitripennis would survive longer periods at a wider temperature regimen when provided with a host plant than when provided with water alone (moist cotton) or when provided with neither plant host nor water. Our results suggest that continuous exposure to either low (< 5 degrees C) or high (> 30 degrees C) temperatures are detrimental for adult survival. Specifically, low temperatures caused early mortality because of inhibition of feeding activity and presumably this threshold lies between 7.8 and 13.2 degrees C. Furthermore, this study clearly shows that temperature may influence the survival of H. vitripennis adults regardless of feeding regimens, and its implications for population dynamics are discussed. C1 [Johnson, Marshall W.] UC Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Son, Youngsoo; Johnson, Marshall W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Groves, Russell L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Daane, Kent M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnson, MW (reprint author), UC Kearney Agr Ctr, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM mjohnson@uckac.edu FU California Department of Food and Agriculture Pierce's Disease-Classy-Winged Sharpshooter Research Program; USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement FX We are grateful to R. Yokomi (USDA-AIRS, CA) for providing the citrus plants. We thank M. Gerik and H. Kumar for technical assistance. This work was supported in part by the California Department of Food and Agriculture Pierce's Disease-Classy-Winged Sharpshooter Research Program and a USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement provided to M.W.J. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1485 EP 1495 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504IQ UT WOS:000270610000017 PM 19825304 ER PT J AU Williams, GW AF Williams, Gerald (Jerry) W. TI The Wildfire Reader: A Century of Failed Forest Policy SO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Williams, Gerald (Jerry) W.] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Williams, GW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY PI DURHAM PA 701 VICKERS AVE, DURHAM, NC 27701-3147 USA SN 1084-5453 J9 ENVIRON HIST JI Environ. Hist. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 BP 770 EP 770 PG 1 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA 530XF UT WOS:000272625300020 ER PT J AU Williams, GW AF Williams, Gerald (Jerry) W. TI Living with Fire: Fire Ecology and Policy for the Twenty-First Century SO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Williams, Gerald (Jerry) W.] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Williams, GW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY PI DURHAM PA 701 VICKERS AVE, DURHAM, NC 27701-3147 USA SN 1084-5453 J9 ENVIRON HIST JI Environ. Hist. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 BP 771 EP 772 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA 530XF UT WOS:000272625300021 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Rondeux, J Verkerk, PJ Stahl, G AF Woodall, Christopher W. Rondeux, Jacques Verkerk, Pieter J. Stahl, Goran TI Estimating Dead Wood During National Forest Inventories: A Review of Inventory Methodologies and Suggestions for Harmonization SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Inventory; Standing dead wood; Downed dead wood; Harmonization; Forest ID CARBON STOCKS; UNITED-STATES; DEBRIS AB Efforts to assess forest ecosystem carbon stocks, biodiversity, and fire hazards have spurred the need for comprehensive assessments of forest ecosystem dead wood (DW) components around the world. Currently, information regarding the prevalence, status, and methods of DW inventories occurring in the world's forested landscapes is scattered. The goal of this study is to describe the status, DW components measured, sample methods employed, and DW component thresholds used by national forest inventories that currently inventory DW around the world. Study results indicate that most countries do not inventory forest DW. Globally, we estimate that about 13% of countries inventory DW using a diversity of sample methods and DW component definitions. A common feature among DW inventories was that most countries had only just begun DW inventories and employ very low sample intensities. There are major hurdles to harmonizing national forest inventories of DW: differences in population definitions, lack of clarity on sample protocols/estimation procedures, and sparse availability of inventory data/reports. Increasing database/estimation flexibility, developing common dimensional thresholds of DW components, publishing inventory procedures/protocols, releasing inventory data/reports to international peer review, and increasing communication (e. g., workshops) among countries inventorying DW are suggestions forwarded by this study to increase DW inventory harmonization. C1 [Woodall, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rondeux, Jacques] Gembloux Agr Univ, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. [Verkerk, Pieter J.] European Forest Inst, Joensuu 80100, Finland. [Stahl, Goran] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resources & Geomat, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 FU European Commission [003874-2 (GOCE)] FX The authors would like to thank all NFI correspondents that provided us information on DW inventory methods. Additionally, some survey responses were based on surveys already conducted by COST Action E43: "Harmonization of National Forest Inventories in Europe: Techniques for Common Reporting.'' Verkerk was financially supported by the EU 6th Framework Programme as part of the SENSOR project [European Commission, contract no. 003874-2 (GOCE)]. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 624 EP 631 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9358-9 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 502HR UT WOS:000270448900002 PM 19701595 ER PT J AU Cummings, SP Gyaneshwar, P Vinuesa, P Farruggia, FT Andrews, M Humphry, D Elliott, GN Nelson, A Orr, C Pettitt, D Shah, GR Santos, SR Krishnan, HB Odee, D Moreira, FMS Sprent, JI Young, JPW James, EK AF Cummings, Stephen P. Gyaneshwar, Prasad Vinuesa, Pablo Farruggia, Frank T. Andrews, Mitchell Humphry, David Elliott, Geoffrey N. Nelson, Andrew Orr, Caroline Pettitt, Deborah Shah, Gopit R. Santos, Scott R. Krishnan, Hari B. Odee, David Moreira, Fatima M. S. Sprent, Janet I. Young, J. Peter W. James, Euan K. TI Nodulation of Sesbania species by Rhizobium (Agrobacterium) strain IRBG74 and other rhizobia SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOLERANT LEGUME NODULATION; AZORHIZOBIUM-CAULINODANS; SINORHIZOBIUM-SAHELI; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; RENATURATION RATES; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; STEM NODULES; NIFH GENES; SP-NOV AB P>Concatenated sequence analysis with 16S rRNA, rpoB and fusA genes identified a bacterial strain (IRBG74) isolated from root nodules of the aquatic legume Sesbania cannabina as a close relative of the plant pathogen Rhizobium radiobacter (syn. Agrobacterium tumefaciens). However, DNA:DNA hybridization with R. radiobacter, R. rubi, R. vitis and R. huautlense gave only 44%, 5%, 8% and 8% similarity respectively, suggesting that IRBG74 is potentially a new species. Additionally, it contained no vir genes and lacked tumour-forming ability, but harboured a sym-plasmid containing nifH and nodA genes similar to those in other Sesbania symbionts. Indeed, IRBG74 effectively nodulated S. cannabina and seven other Sesbania spp. that nodulate with Ensifer (Sinorhizobium)/Rhizobium strains with similar nodA genes to IRBG74, but not species that nodulate with Azorhizobium or Mesorhizobium. Light and electron microscopy revealed that IRBG74 infected Sesbania spp. via lateral root junctions under flooded conditions, but via root hairs under non-flooded conditions. Thus, IRBG74 is the first confirmed legume-nodulating symbiont from the Rhizobium (Agrobacterium) clade. Cross-inoculation studies with various Sesbania symbionts showed that S. cannabina could form fully effective symbioses with strains in the genera Rhizobium and Ensifer, only ineffective ones with Azorhizobium strains, and either partially effective (Mesorhizobium huakii) or ineffective (Mesorhizobium plurifarium) symbioses with Mesorhizobium. These data are discussed in terms of the molecular phylogeny of Sesbania and its symbionts. C1 [James, Euan K.] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Cummings, Stephen P.; Nelson, Andrew; Orr, Caroline; Pettitt, Deborah] Northumbria Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England. [Gyaneshwar, Prasad; Shah, Gopit R.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Vinuesa, Pablo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Cuernavaca 62191, Morelos, Mexico. [Farruggia, Frank T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Andrews, Mitchell] Univ Sunderland, Sch Sci, Sunderland SR1 3SD, Tyne & Wear, England. [Humphry, David; Young, J. Peter W.] Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. [Elliott, Geoffrey N.] Macaulay Inst, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. [Santos, Scott R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Odee, David] Kenya Forestry Res Inst, Nairobi 2041200200, Kenya. [Moreira, Fatima M. S.] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Ciencia Solo, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. [Sprent, Janet I.] Univ Dundee, Coll Life Sci, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. RP James, EK (reprint author), Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. EM e.k.james@dundee.ac.uk RI Santos, Scott/A-7472-2009; Cummings, Stephen /D-4622-2012; Elliott, Geoff/G-4485-2012; James, Euan/K-1135-2012; Young, Peter/C-1446-2012; OI James, Euan/0000-0001-7969-6570; Young, Peter/0000-0001-5259-4830; Cummings, Stephen/0000-0001-5298-2075; Elliott, Geoff/0000-0001-5853-2737 FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/B505038/1] FX E.K.J. and G.N.E. were funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, grant reference NE/B505038/1. We thank Philippe de Lajudie for strain ORS609, Pete Rowell for use of his gas chromatograph, and Marty Wojciechowski for helpful discussions. NR 68 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 11 IS 10 BP 2510 EP 2525 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01975.x PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 502DA UT WOS:000270433700004 PM 19555380 ER PT J AU Wade, TG Wickham, JD Zacarelli, N Riitters, KH AF Wade, Timothy G. Wickham, James D. Zacarelli, Nicola Riitters, Kurt H. TI A multi-scale method of mapping urban influence SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Urban pattern; Cluster analysis; GIS; Scale; Ecosystem services ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER DATABASE; COMPLETION; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS AB Urban development can impact environmental quality and ecosystem services well beyond urban extent. Many methods to map urban areas have been developed and used in the past, but most have simply tried to map existing extent of urban development, and all have been single-scale techniques. The method presented here uses a clustering approach to look beyond the extant urban area at multiple scales. The result is a single, synoptic multi-scale map of urban influence that should be useful in urban, regional and environmental planning efforts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wade, Timothy G.; Wickham, James D.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zacarelli, Nicola] Univ Salento, Dept Biol & Environm Sci & Technol, Landscape Ecol Lab, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Riitters, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wade, TG (reprint author), US EPA, MD243-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM wade.timothy@epa.gov FU The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Office of Research and Development (ORD) FX The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), funded and performed the research described. This manuscript has been subjected to the EPA's peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication. We thank Deb Chaloud (US EPA) and Dr. Ari jolma for their comments and suggestions. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1252 EP 1256 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.03.006 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 465LP UT WOS:000267586600012 ER PT J AU Seston, RM Zwiernik, MJ Fredricks, TB Coefield, SJ Tazelaar, DL Hamman, DW Paulson, JD Giesy, JP AF Seston, Rita Marie Zwiernik, Matthew John Fredricks, Timothy Brian Coefield, Sarah Jean Tazelaar, Dustin Lee Hamman, David Wayne Paulson, John David Giesy, John Paul TI Utilizing the great blue heron (Ardea herodias) in ecological risk assessments of bioaccumulative contaminants SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Avian; Bird; Egg; PCDD; PCDF; Plasma; Tittabawassee; Trapping ID NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; P-DIOXINS PCDDS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DIBENZOFURANS PCDFS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIVER; EXPOSURE; MICHIGAN; EGGS; USA AB Selection of an appropriate species is a key element of effective ecological risk assessments (ERA), especially when site-specific field studies are to be employed. Great blue herons (GBH) possess several ideal characteristics of a receptor species for the assessment of bioaccumulative compounds in the environment, such as ease of study, high potential for exposure, widespread distribution, and territorial foraging behavior. Methodologies for assessing exposure and population health are described herein. As outlined, the collection of GBH eggs, GBH nestling blood, and adult GBH blood allows for the determination of contaminant concentrations in various GBH tissues, a top-down assessment, which can be done in conjunction with predicted dietary exposure, a bottom-up assessment, to support a multiple lines of evidence approach. Additionally, population parameters, such as productivity and survival, can also be measured to elucidate if the contaminant exposure may be causing population level effects. Over the course of two years, three GBH rookeries were monitored for productivity and nestling exposure. Nests were monitored from blinds and individually accessed at multiple time points to obtain measures of nestling health, band nestlings, and collect eggs and nestling plasma. Multiple nests could frequently be accessed by climbing one tree, resulting in minimal effort to obtain the necessary sample size. Additionally, 51 adult GBH, captured in their foraging areas, were banded, and provided a blood sample. With these samples, a statistical difference in tissue based exposure was identified between the reference and target area. Statistically significant differences were also identified between the upper and lower reaches of the target area, thereby identifying a range of doses geographically which could be correlated to specific measurement endpoints. The ability to identify a dose response greatly increases the ability of the dataset to determine causation, a key goal of such studies. Overall, the use of the described methods allowed for the collection of a statistically sufficient and ecologically relevant dataset with reasonable effort and minimal impact on GBH. C1 [Seston, Rita Marie; Zwiernik, Matthew John; Fredricks, Timothy Brian; Coefield, Sarah Jean; Tazelaar, Dustin Lee; Giesy, John Paul] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hamman, David Wayne] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Comparat Epidemiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Paulson, John David] USDA APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Giesy, John Paul] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7J 5B3, Canada. [Giesy, John Paul] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Giesy, John Paul] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7J 5B3, Canada. RP Seston, RM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM sestonri@msu.edu OI Seston, Rita/0000-0003-3825-3049 FU Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan; Michigan State University FX The authors would like to thank all staff and students of the Michigan State University Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory field crew; namely Michael W. Nadeau, Will R. Folland and Stephanie C. Plautz for their tree-climbing abilities, along with Emily M. Koppel, Jeremy N. Moore, Bretton J. Joldersma, Megan L. Barker, Joost van Dam, Lori E. Williams, and Casey L. Bartrem. We gratefully acknowledge Mikes Fales for his design and fabrication of specialized equipment which was pivotal to the success of this research. Additionally, we would like to recognize Patrick W. Bradley, Michael J. Kramer, and Nozomi Ikeda for their assistance in the laboratory, James Dastyck and Steven Kahl of the US Fish and Wildlife Service-Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge, for their assistance and access to the refuge, the Saginaw County Parks and Recreation Commission for access to Imerman Park, and the Tittabawassee Township Park Rangers for access to Tittabawassee Township Park and Freeland Festival Park. We would also like to acknowledge the more than 50 cooperating landowners throughout the study area who have granted us access to their property, making our research possible. Funding was provided through an unrestricted grant from The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan to J. P. Giesy and M. J. Zwiernik of Michigan State University. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 199 EP 210 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0528-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 495IH UT WOS:000269883900019 PM 18850295 ER PT J AU Velikova, V Tsonev, T Barta, C Centritto, M Koleva, D Stefanova, M Busheva, M Loreto, F AF Velikova, Violeta Tsonev, Tsonko Barta, Csengele Centritto, Mauro Koleva, Dimitrina Stefanova, Miroslava Busheva, Mira Loreto, Francesco TI BVOC emissions, photosynthetic characteristics and changes in chloroplast ultrastructure of Platanus orientalis L. exposed to elevated CO2 and high temperature SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Global climate change; High temperature; Isoprene emission; Thermotolerance ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHLOROPHYLL-PROTEIN COMPLEXES; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS LEAVES; MODIFIED PIGMENT CONTENT; ISOPRENE EMISSION; MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; HEAT-STRESS; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES AB To investigate the interactive effects of increasing [CO2] and heat wave occurrence on isoprene (IE) and methanol (ME) emissions, Platanus orientalis was grown for one month in ambient (380 mu mol mol(-1)) or elevated (800 mu mol mol(-1)) [CO2] and exposed to high temperature (HT) (38 degrees C/4 h). In pre-existing leaves, IE emissions were always higher but ME emissions lower as compared to newly-emerged leaves. They were both stimulated by HT. Elevated [CO2] significantly reduced IE in both leaf types, whereas it increased ME in newly-emerged leaves only. In newly-emerged leaves, elevated [CO2] decreased photosynthesis and altered the chloroplast ultrastructure and membrane integrity. These harmful effects were amplified by HT. HT did not cause any unfavorable effects in pre-existing leaves, which were characterized by inherently higher IE rates. We conclude that: (1) these results further prove the isoprene's putative thermo-protective role of membranes; (2) HT may likely outweigh the inhibitory effects of elevated [CO2] on IE in the future. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Velikova, Violeta; Tsonev, Tsonko] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Physiol, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Barta, Csengele] ARS, USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [Centritto, Mauro; Loreto, Francesco] CNR, Ist Biol Agroambientale & Forestale, I-00016 Monterotondo, RM, Italy. [Koleva, Dimitrina; Stefanova, Miroslava] Univ Sofia, Fac Biol, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. [Busheva, Mira] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Velikova, V (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Physiol, Acad G Bonchev,Bl 21, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. EM violet@bio21.bas.bg RI Tsonev, Tsonko/A-7469-2008; Velikova, Violeta/J-8849-2016; Loreto, Francesco/B-7477-2015 OI Tsonev, Tsonko/0000-0003-0165-7269; Velikova, Violeta/0000-0002-3058-919X; Loreto, Francesco/0000-0002-9171-2681 FU NATO Reintegration Grant [981279]; National Science Fund [TKB-1604/2006]; Network of Excellence for Atmospheric composition Change "ACCENT"; Italian National Research Council; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences FX This research was funded by a NATO Reintegration Grant (No 981279), by the National Science Fund (contract TKB-1604/2006), by the Network of Excellence for Atmospheric composition Change "ACCENT", and by a bilateral project within the framework agreement between Italian National Research Council and Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. NR 75 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 157 IS 10 BP 2629 EP 2637 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.007 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 489NJ UT WOS:000269426500007 PM 19477569 ER PT J AU Campbell, BT Williams, VE Park, W AF Campbell, B. T. Williams, V. E. Park, W. TI Using molecular markers and field performance data to characterize the Pee Dee cotton germplasm resources SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Genetic diversity; Fiber quality; Lint yield; Plant breeding ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; GENETIC DIVERSITY; UPLAND COTTON; FIBER QUALITY; HIGH-YIELD; AFLP MARKERS; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS; LINE; ORIGIN AB Knowledge of genetic relationships in crop breeding programs provides valuable information that can be used by plant breeders as a parental line selection tool. In Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the Pee Dee germplasm program represents one of the most historically significant Upland cotton breeding programs and is known as a key source of fiber quality genes for commercial cultivars. The foundation of the Pee Dee germplasm is known to represent an array of genetic diversity involving the hybridization of G. hirsutum L., G. barbadense L., and triple hybrid strains (G. arboreum L. x G. thurberi Todaro x G. hirsutum L.). In this study, we characterized genetic relationships within the Pee Dee germplasm collection using molecular marker and field performance data. Molecular marker and field performance data showed the Pee Dee germplasm collection still maintains useful amounts of genetic diversity. The methods described provide plant breeders of cotton and other crops a strategy to develop a parental line selection tool based on genotypic and phenotypic information. Cotton breeders can directly use the information provided to select specific Pee Dee germplasm parental line combinations based on genotypic (molecular marker) and phenotypic (field performance) information rather than relying on pedigree and phenotypic information alone. C1 [Campbell, B. T.; Williams, V. E.; Park, W.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Campbell, BT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM todd.campbell@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [6657-21000-005-00D] FX This research project was supported by funding from CRIS No. 6657-21000-005-00D of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and a grant from Cotton Incorporated. Special thanks to Bobby Fisher and summer students for technical assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 60 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD OCT PY 2009 VL 169 IS 3 BP 285 EP 301 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-9917-4 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 486JX UT WOS:000269193400001 ER PT J AU Yamada, T Kremer, RJ Castro, PRDE Wood, BW AF Yamada, Tsuioshi Kremer, Robert J. de Camargo e Castro, Paulo Roberto Wood, Bruce W. TI Glyphosate interactions with physiology, nutrition, and diseases of plants: Threat to agricultural sustainability? Preface SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SOIL; BIOMASS; IRON C1 [Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Yamada, Tsuioshi] AgriNat Agron Consulting, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [de Camargo e Castro, Paulo Roberto] Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Wood, Bruce W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Unit, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM kremerr@missouri.edu RI Castro, Paulo/H-5905-2012 OI Castro, Paulo/0000-0003-1276-6014 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 31 IS 3 BP 111 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.eja.2009.07.004 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 499UL UT WOS:000270251600001 ER PT J AU Kremer, RJ Means, NE AF Kremer, Robert J. Means, Nathan E. TI Glyphosate and glyphosate-resistant crop interactions with rhizosphere microorganisms SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Genetically modified crop; Polyphasic microbial analyses; Fusarium spp.; Glycine max (L.) Merr.; Soybean; Zea mays L.; Maize; Microbial ecology; Mn transformation; Pseudomonad ID SUDDEN-DEATH-SYNDROME; SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ROOT-ROT; HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE; NITROGENASE ACTIVITY; BEAN SEEDLINGS; PLANT-GROWTH; GLYCINE-MAX; FUSARIUM; COLONIZATION AB Current crop production relies heavily on transgenic, glyphosate-resistant (GR) cultivars. Widespread Cultivation of transgenic crops has received considerable attention. Impacts of glyphosate on rhizosphere microorganisms and activities are reviewed based on published and new data from long-term field projects documenting effects of glyphosate applied to GR soybean and maize. Field studies conducted in Missouri, U.S.A. during 1997-2007 assessed effects of glyphosate applied to GR soybean and maize on root colonization and soil populations of Fusarium and selected rhizosphere bacteria. Frequency of root-colonizing Fusarium increased significantly after glyphosate application during growing seasons in each year at all sites. Roots of GR soybean and maize treated with glyphosate were heavily colonized by Fusarium compared to non-GR or GR cultivars not treated with glyphosate. Microbial groups and functions affected by glyphosate included Mn transformation and plant availability; phytopathogen-antagonistic bacterial interactions; and reduction in nodulation. Root-exuded glyphosate may serve as a nutrient Source for fungi and stimulate propagule germination. The specific microbial indicator groups and processes were sensitive to impacts of GR crops and are part of all evolving framework in developing polyphasic microbial analyses for complete assessment of GR technology that is more reliable than single techniques or general microbial assays. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Means, Nathan E.] Columbia Coll, Dept Sci, Columbia, MO 65216 USA. [Kremer, Robert J.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Means, NE (reprint author), Columbia Coll, Dept Sci, 1001 Rogers St, Columbia, MO 65216 USA. EM nemeans@ccis.edu FU USDA-ARS; Ag Spectrum Co FX The project was funded by USDA-ARS; Ag Spectrum Co., DeWitt, IA; and Agri-Gro Inc., Doniphan, MO. We thank the technicians and field managers who have been involved during the course of the project including Lynn Stanley, Jenan Nichols, Jim Ortbals, Tim Reinbott, Steve Troesser, and Randy Miles; and the numerous undergraduate and graduate students who provided excellent technical assistance. NR 90 TC 63 Z9 72 U1 8 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 EI 1873-7331 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 31 IS 3 SI SI BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.eja.2009.06.004 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 499UL UT WOS:000270251600007 ER PT J AU Holser, RA AF Holser, Ronald Alan TI Temperature-dependent solubility of wax compounds in ethanol SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioethanol; Biofuels; Biomass; Biorefinery; Coproducts ID FLAX PROCESSING WASTE; GROUND CORN; EXTRACTION; OIL AB The ability of ethanol to dissolve wax compounds, as an alternative to traditional lipid solvents, was investigated for the recovery of cuticular lipids from biomass. The solubilities of fatty esters with carbon chain lengths from 40 to 54 were measured in ethanol over a temperature range of 30-80 degrees C. The greatest increase in solubility was observed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees C for the long chain waxes that are characteristic of flax cuticle lipids. The solubility of a 52-carbon wax increased by a factor of four over this temperature range. The Van't Hoff equation was used to estimate enthalpy of solution values. Ethanol was an effective lipid solvent at these modestly elevated temperatures and offers an economical method to recover lipid co-products from biomass prior to conversion to bioethanol. C1 USDA ARS, Dr Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dr Richard Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Ronald.Holser@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1049 EP 1052 DI 10.1002/ejlt.200900068 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 517KH UT WOS:000271611800015 ER PT J AU Cheng, DW Lin, H Walker, MA Stenger, DC Civerolo, EL AF Cheng, Davis W. Lin, Hong Walker, M. Andrew Stenger, Drake C. Civerolo, Edwin L. TI Effects of grape xylem sap and cell wall constituents on in vitro growth, biofilm formation and cellular aggregation of Xylella fastidiosa SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xylem sap; Cell wall; Bacterial growth; Biofilm formation; Aggregation; Xylella fastidiosa ID HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; PIERCES-DISEASE; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANTS; FLUID; VITIS; COLONIZATION; TRANSMISSION; CICADELLIDAE AB Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevines is caused by the xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf). All Vitis vinifera-based cultivars are susceptible to Xf infection; however, many grape species from the southern United States (such as V. arizonica, V. shuttleworthii, V. simpsonii, V. smalliana, and Muscadinia rotundifolia) are resistant. In this study, the effects of xylem sap from PD-resistant and PD-susceptible grapes, as well as several free cell wall constituents, on in vitro bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and cellular aggregation were investigated. Media containing xylem sap from PD-susceptible plants provided better support for bacterial growth and biofilm formation than media supplemented with xylem sap from PD-resistant plants. Culturing Xf on media containing various purified cell wall constituents demonstrated that CM-cellulose, xylan, beta-D-glucan, k-carrageenan, cello-oligosaccharide and laminarin promoted bacterial growth whereas lichenan suppressed growth. However, only laminarin, xylan, and k-carrageenan promoted biofilm formation in vitro. Lichenan, oligosaccharide, k-carrageenan, laminarin, xylan and beta-D-glucan all significantly decreased Xf cellular aggregation in vitro. This study suggests that differences in xylem sap composition and cell wall properties among PD-resistant and PD-susceptible grapes may affect characteristics of Xf growth, biofilm formation and cellular aggregation involved in pathogenesis. C1 [Cheng, Davis W.; Lin, Hong; Stenger, Drake C.; Civerolo, Edwin L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Walker, M. Andrew] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lin, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM hong.lin@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 125 IS 2 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s10658-009-9473-8 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 494ZF UT WOS:000269858000004 ER PT J AU McLain, JET Ryu, H Kabiri-Badr, L Rock, CM Abbaszadegan, M AF McLain, Jean E. T. Ryu, Hodon Kabiri-Badr, Leila Rock, Channah M. Abbaszadegan, Morteza TI Lack of specificity for PCR assays targeting human Bacteroides 16S rRNA gene: cross-amplification with fish feces SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microbial source tracking; Bacteroides; water quality ID REAL-TIME PCR; HUMAN FECAL POLLUTION; FRESH-WATER; MARKERS; QUANTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; HYBRIDIZATION; BACTERIA; TRACT; FLORA AB Methods focused on members of the genus Bacteroides have been increasingly utilized in microbial source-tracking studies for identifying and quantifying sources of nonpoint fecal contamination. We present results using standard and real-time PCR to show cross-amplification of Bacteroides 16S rRNA gene molecular assays targeting human fecal pollution with fecal DNA from freshwater fish species. All except one of the presumptively human-specific assays amplified fecal DNA from at least one fish species, and one real-time PCR assay amplified DNA from all fish species tested. Sequencing of PCR amplicons generated from fish fecal DNA using primers from the real-time assay revealed no mismatches to the human-specific probe sequences, but the nucleotide sequences of clones from fish fecal samples differed markedly from those of human feces, suggesting that the fish-related bacteria may be different strains. Our results strongly demonstrate the potential for cross-amplification of human-specific PCR assays with fish feces, and may call into question the results of studies in which these Bacteroides-specific molecular markers are used to quantify human fecal contamination in waters where fish contribute to fecal inputs. C1 [McLain, Jean E. T.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Ryu, Hodon] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Kabiri-Badr, Leila; Abbaszadegan, Morteza] Arizona State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, Water Qual Ctr, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ USA. [Rock, Channah M.] Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP McLain, JET (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM jean.mclain@ars.usda.gov RI Ryu, Hodon/E-4610-2011 OI Ryu, Hodon/0000-0002-6992-2519 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 299 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01745.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 490XB UT WOS:000269540300005 PM 19686344 ER PT J AU Yoo, SH Lee, BH Savary, BJ Lee, S Lee, HG Hotchkiss, AT AF Yoo, S. -H. Lee, B. -H. Savary, B. J. Lee, S. Lee, H. G. Hotchkiss, A. T. TI Characteristics of enzymatically-deesterified pectin gels produced in the presence of monovalent ionic salts SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS LA English DT Article DE Pectin methylesterase; Pectin; Monovalent ionic salts; Gel strength; Syneresis ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; METHYL ESTERASE; ACTION PATTERNS; CELL WALLS; METHYLESTERASE; ENZYMES; PH AB Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) from Valencia orange (p-PME) and Aspergillus aculeatus (f-PME) were used to produce pectin gels in the presence of 0.2 M monovalent ionic salts. At pH 5.0, pectin gels were induced following enzymatic deesterification of high methoxy pectin, with greater deesterification observed using p-PME compared to f-PME. Under these conditions, the deesterification limit of f-PME ended up with a pectin of DE 30.5-31.9 which did not gel at the PME reaction completion, while p-PME reduced the pectin's DE to 16.0-17.2, resulting in gel formation. The pectin gel induced by KCl was significantly stronger than the NaCl-induced gel, but LiCl did not induce pectin gelation. The gel strength was influenced by both DE and species of monovalent cation. The KCl-induced gels released less water than NaCl-induced gels. A synergistic effect on gel strength was observed from the pectin treated with a combination of (p + f)-PMEs, producing even more stable gels. These results indicated that the pectin gelation of our system would be enhanced both by using larger monovalent cat ion and by lowering the DE value, which would presumably be attributed to the different action patterns recognized for p- and f-PMEs. This pectin gelation system could provide a useful alternative to acid-sugar or calcium cross-linked gels in food and other industrial applications. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoo, S. -H.; Lee, B. -H.; Lee, S.] Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Yoo, S. -H.; Lee, B. -H.; Lee, S.] Sejong Univ, Carbohydrate Bioprod Res Ctr, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Lee, H. G.] Hanyang Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Savary, B. J.; Hotchkiss, A. T.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yoo, SH (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 98 Gunja Dong, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM shyoo@sejong.ac.kr FU On-Site Cooperative Agriculture Research Project [200712A01033180w]; Republic of Korea FX The study was carried Out with the support of On-Site Cooperative Agriculture Research Project (No.200712A01033180w), RDA, Republic of Korea. We thank Andre White for his technical assistance. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-005X J9 FOOD HYDROCOLLOID JI Food Hydrocolloids PD OCT PY 2009 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1926 EP 1929 DI 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.02.006 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 464BC UT WOS:000267478400036 ER PT J AU Butnor, JR Pruyn, ML Shaw, DC Harmon, ME Mucciardi, AN Ryan, MG AF Butnor, J. R. Pruyn, M. L. Shaw, D. C. Harmon, M. E. Mucciardi, A. N. Ryan, M. G. TI Detecting defects in conifers with ground penetrating radar: applications and challenges SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROOT BIOMASS; LIVING TREES; DECAY; SYSTEMS; FOREST; SITES; WOOD AB P>Our objective was to test ground penetrating radar (GPR) to non-destructively estimate decay volumes in living coniferous trees. GPR is geophysical tool which uses an antenna to propagate short bursts of electromagnetic energy in solid materials and measure the two-way travel time and amplitude of reflected signals. We compared estimates of bole decay from data collected with a SIR 3000 GPR system equipped with a 900 MHz antenna to measurements of decay from stem cross sections and increment cores for three conifer species (Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata and Tsuga heterophylla). We found that near-surface decay, air-filled voids and desiccated boles had unique electromagnetic signatures, which could be separated from other defects. GPR successfully estimated the percent area of air-filled cavities and was not significantly different than results from destructive sampling. However, separation of incipient to severe decay from benign reflectors (e.g. moisture gradient between sapwood and heartwood) in conifers was much less diagnostic than with angiosperms. A limited assessment of Acer saccharum showed that GPR has potential to detect defects in angiosperms; however, more research is needed to outline the full range of detectable defects. Based on the trees in this study, the potential for GPR to detect decay-related defects in conifers seems limited. Despite problems detecting decay, reflections originating from the sapwood : heartwood boundary may prove useful to determine thickness of functional sapwood in conifers, but accurate quantification will require further technical development. C1 [Butnor, J. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [Pruyn, M. L.] Plymouth State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Plymouth, NH USA. [Shaw, D. C.; Harmon, M. E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mucciardi, A. N.] Tree Radar Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ryan, M. G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Butnor, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. EM jbutnor@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Butnor, John/P-9738-2016 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0441061] FX The authors would like to thank the USDA Forest Service hazard tree felling crew: Rich Brooks, Gary Deibold, Steve Hoecker and Winston Rall; and the old-growth tree climbers: James R. Dutson, Eric Baldwin, J. Blake Thomas and Kevin Hillery (Whole Tree Works, Inc.). The authors also thank the WRCCRF: Ken Bible, Chuck Campbell, Mark Creighton and Annette Hamilton for research inspiration and canopy crane services. This research was supported by a Small Grant for Exploratory Research from the National Science Foundation (DEB#0441061). NR 23 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1437-4781 EI 1439-0329 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 39 IS 5 BP 309 EP 322 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2009.00590.x PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 502CZ UT WOS:000270433600004 ER PT J AU Spartz, JT AF Spartz, James T. TI The US Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory: 1910-2010 A Century of Research Working for You SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Spartz, JT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 59 IS 10 BP 6 EP 20 PG 15 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 582UE UT WOS:000276624000001 ER PT J AU Piao, C Monlezun, CJ Hse, CY Nipper, WA AF Piao, Cheng Monlezun, Charles J. Hse, Chung Y. Nipper, W. Allen TI Glue-Line Bonding Performance of Decommissioned CCA-Treated Wood. Part II: Retreated with CCA SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Disposal of decommissioned chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood as landfill has become an important environmental concern. Reusing and recycling decommissioned treated wood seems to be the most practical environmental solution to the problem. In a previous report, 6-ply laminated beams made from decommissioned CCA-treated southern pine (Pinus spp.) wood utility poles and 6-ply laminated beams made from untreated virgin wood were studied to evaluate the effects of surface preparation method and cross-sectional region (high or low CCA retention) on bonding shear strength, wood failure, and delamination. In this study, 6-ply laminated beams having the same composition as those of the previous study were made and then pressure-treated (i.e., retreated) with CCA prior to being evaluated in the same manner as in the previous study. This study revealed that gains in CCA retention (as a result of retreatment with CCA) for beams made from decommissioned utility pole wood were similar to the gains for beams made from untreated virgin wood. CCA retreatment had little overall effect on either glue-line shear strength or wood failure of beams made from decommissioned wood utility poles, but overall substantially increased shear strength and wood failure of beams made from virgin wood. CCA retreatment also reduced the delamination of both beams made from decommissioned utility pole wood and beams made from virgin wood. Additional testing is warranted to further investigate the bonding performance of decommissioned CCA-treated transmission utility pole wood. C1 [Piao, Cheng; Nipper, W. Allen] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Calhoun, LA USA. [Monlezun, Charles J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hse, Chung Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pineville, LA USA. RP Piao, C (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Calhoun, LA USA. EM cpiao@agcenter.lsu.edu; cmonlezu@lsu.edu; chse@fs.fed.us; anipper@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 59 IS 10 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 582UE UT WOS:000276624000004 ER PT J AU Bajwa, SG Bajwa, DS Holt, G AF Bajwa, Sreekala G. Bajwa, Dilpreet S. Holt, Greg TI Optimal Substitution of Cotton Burr and Linters in Thermoplastic Composites SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BY-PRODUCTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC COMPOSITES AB A study was conducted to evaluate various substitutions of cotton burr and linters from cotton gin waste (CGW) as natural fiber reinforcements in ligno-cellulosic polymer composites (LCPC). Samples were fabricated with approximately 50 percent natural fiber, 40 percent high-density polyethylene, 4 percent mineral filler, and 6 percent lubricant, by weight. The experiment included substituting wood fiber in LCPC with 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent (by weight) cotton burr (CB) and cotton burr mixed with 2 percent (by weight) second-cut linters (CBL), respectively, with the remaining fraction as wood fiber and comparing it against the control (100% wood). Samples were extruded into rectangular profiles and tested for physical and mechanical properties such as specific gravity (SG), water absorption, thickness swelling, coefficients of linear thermal expansion (CLTE), flexural strength and modulus, compressive strength, hardness, and nail withdrawal force (NWF). The CB and CBL treatments exhibited SG, CLTE, hardness, and NWF comparable to the control. However, the water absorption and thickness swelling, flexural strength and modulus, and compressive strength all deteriorated at high substitution rates of CB and CBL. The favorable properties of cotton burr included its tendency to decrease CLTE and increase hardness of LCPC. C1 [Bajwa, Sreekala G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Bajwa, Dilpreet S.] Greenland Composites, Greenland, AR USA. [Holt, Greg] ARS, USDA, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Bajwa, SG (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM sgbajwa@uark.edu; dbajwa@email.com; greg.holt@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 59 IS 10 BP 40 EP 46 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 582UE UT WOS:000276624000005 ER PT J AU Bergman, R Ibach, RE LaPasha, C Denig, J AF Bergman, Richard Ibach, Rebecca E. LaPasha, Constantine Denig, Joseph TI Evaluating Physical Property Changes for Small-Diameter, Plantation-Grown Southern Pine after In Situ Polymerization of an Acrylic Monomer SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WOOD AB Because of the large percentage of juvenile wood in small-diameter southern pine, this material has lower strength properties compared with the historic published values in the ASTM Standard D2555. Finding new, simple, and inexpensive ways of increasing these strength properties would increase the use of this material for residential construction. For this study, we chose in situ polymerization using the monomer 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate to enhance bending strength and stiffness. After determining the lower range of density, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of juvenile wood from small southern pine logs, southern pine specimens were polymerized using both a vacuum-impregnation and a surface-application approach. The results showed some significant physical property increases for the fully impregnated material that used a large amount of monomer. Although the surface-application approach used less monomer, the physical properties of the juvenile wood did not increase as expected. Only the 1-minute dip treatment showed a significant increase in both bending stiffness and strength, with a weight gain of 11.9 percent. For the surface-application approach, monomer moving to the wood surface during polymerization reduced their effectiveness in increasing MOR and MOE to the expected levels. Therefore, the challenge is finding a method that maintains polymer loading inside the wood structure during the curing process. C1 [Bergman, Richard; Ibach, Rebecca E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [LaPasha, Constantine; Denig, Joseph] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Bergman, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM rbergman@fs.fed.us; ribach@fs.fed.us; calfor@unity.ncsu.edu; joe_denig@ncsu.edu NR 30 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 59 IS 10 BP 64 EP 71 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 582UE UT WOS:000276624000009 ER PT J AU Sayer, MAS Haywood, JD Sung, SJS AF Sayer, Mary Anne Sword Haywood, James D. Sung, Shi-Jean Susana TI Cavity Size and Copper Root Pruning Affect Production and Establishment of Container-Grown Longleaf Pine Seedlings SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE copperblock; copper oxychloride; Pinus palustris Mill.; Superblock; taproot ID SYSTEM; USA AB With six container types, we tested the effects of cavity size (i.e., 60, 93, and 170 ml) and copper root pruning on the root system development of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings grown in a greenhouse. We then evaluated root egress during a root growth potential test and assessed seedling morphology and root system development I year after planting in central Louisiana, USA. Seedling size was increased by copper root pruning in small cavities but was unaffected by this treatment in larger cavities. Before planting, copper root pruning increased taproot and secondary lateral root dry weights at the expense of primary lateral root dry weight and increased root growth potential in the top 5 cm of the root plug. Across treatments, survival was 97%, and all seedlings were in the grass stage. Of the lateral root dry weight that elongated during the first year after planting, 33% more occur-red in the upper 5 cm of soil when seedlings were treated with copper. Within each cavity size, copper root pruning did not affect the general morphology of 1-year-old seedlings. However, relationships between root collar diameter and root egress by depth indicated that this treatment has the potential to increase the range of cavity sizes used for seedling production. FOR. SCI. 55(5):377-389. C1 [Sayer, Mary Anne Sword] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Sayer, MAS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM msword@fs.fed.us; dhaywood@fs.fed.us; ssung@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 55 IS 5 BP 377 EP 389 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 503II UT WOS:000270526900001 ER PT J AU Vokoun, M Wear, D Abt, R AF Vokoun, Melinda Wear, David Abt, Robert TI Testing for Change in Structural Elements of Forest Inventories SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE regression tree analysis; Forest Inventory and Analysis; inventory comparison; hypothesis testing ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CLASSIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; TREES AB In this article we develop a methodology to test for changes in the underlying relationships between measures of forest productivity (structural elements) and site characteristics, herein referred to as structural changes, using standard forest inventories. Changes in measures of forest growing stock volume and number of trees for both hardwood and softwood on forestland in North Carolina are evaluated using plot-level data aggregated at both the state and survey unit level from the last three available completed Forest Inventory and Analysis surveys using exploratory data analysis and nonparametric statistics. When the survey data are aggregated at the state level, we accept the null hypothesis of no discernible between-survey differences in the means of the forest productivity measures for at least 90% of the plots in each of the four models. We also accept the null hypothesis of no discernible between-survey differences in the variance or higher moments of these forest productivity measures for at least 82% of comparisons. At a finer scale, our results show that structural stability is questionable in the Coastal Plain units of North Carolina. Overall, results provide evidence of some structural change in the forests of North Carolina but do not address the causes of such changes. The systematic comparison of forest inventories conducted in this article constitutes a new approach to testing for structural changes in forest relationships, one that can be implemented as a monitoring protocol within standard repeated forest inventories. FOR. SCI. 55(5):455-466. C1 [Vokoun, Melinda] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Abt, Robert] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wear, David] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Vokoun, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM mvokoun@uwsp.edu; dwear@fs.fed.us; bob_abt@ncsu.edu FU US Forest Service Southern Research Station Forest Economics and Policy Work Unit in Research Triangle Park, NC FX We thank William Smith, Robert Huggett, Ray Sheffield, and Pat Miles for assistance with FIA data and associated algorithms. We also thank the associate editor and three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on this manuscript. The standard qualifications apply. This study was funded through a cooperative research agreement with the US Forest Service Southern Research Station Forest Economics and Policy Work Unit in Research Triangle Park, NC. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 55 IS 5 BP 455 EP 466 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 503II UT WOS:000270526900008 ER PT J AU Gove, JH AF Gove, Jeffrey H. TI Propagating probability distributions of stand variables using sequential Monte Carlo methods SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID BAYESIAN-APPROACH; MANAGEMENT; YIELD; OPTIMIZATION; COEFFICIENTS; GROWTH; MODELS AB A general probabilistic approach to stand yield estimation is developed based on sequential Monte Carlo filters, also known as particle filters. The essential steps in the development of the sampling importance resampling (SIR) particle filter are presented. The SIR filter is then applied to simulated and observed data showing how the 'predictor-corrector' scheme employed leads to a general probabilistic mechanism for updating growth model predictions with new observations. The method is applicable to decision making under uncertainty, where uncertainty is found in both model predictions and inventory observations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gove, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jgove@fs.fed.us NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD OCT PY 2009 VL 82 IS 4 BP 403 EP 418 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpp009 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 505IL UT WOS:000270686100003 ER PT J AU Marra, PP Dove, C Dolbeer, R AF Marra, Peter P. Dove, Carla Dolbeer, Richard TI Birdstrikes: a reply to Swift et al. SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 [Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Dove, Carla] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Feather Identificat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Dolbeer, Richard] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Sandusky, OH USA. RP Marra, PP (reprint author), Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. EM marrap@si.edu NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 7 IS 8 BP 407 EP 408 DI 10.1890/09.WB.026 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508RD UT WOS:000270949800013 ER PT J AU Hurteau, M North, M AF Hurteau, Matthew North, Malcolm TI Fuel treatment effects on tree-based forest carbon storage and emissions under modeled wildfire scenarios SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SIERRAN MIXED-CONIFER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE; SEQUESTRATION; REDUCTION; MOUNTAINS AB Forests are viewed as a potential sink for carbon (C) that might otherwise contribute to climate change. It is unclear, however, how to manage forests with frequent fire regimes to maximize C storage while reducing C emissions from prescribed burns or wildfire. We modeled the effects of eight different fuel treatments on tree-based C storage and release over a century, with and without wildfire. Model runs show that, after a century of growth without wildfire, the control stored the most C. However, when wildfire was included in the model, the control had the largest total C emission and largest reduction in live-tree-based C stocks. In model runs including wildfire, the final amount of tree-based C sequestered was most affected by the stand structure initially produced by the different fuel treatments. In wildfire-prone forests, tree-based C stocks were best protected by fuel treatments that produced a low-density stand structure dominated by large, fire-resistant pines. C1 [Hurteau, Matthew] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [North, Malcolm] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Hurteau, M (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM matthew.hurteau@nau.edu RI Hurteau, Matthew/D-2301-2009 OI Hurteau, Matthew/0000-0001-8457-8974 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER), National Institute for Climatic Change; USDA Forest Service Sierra Nevada Research Center FX The authors thank B Hungate for comments that greatly improved previous versions of this manuscript. This research was supported by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Western Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change at Northern Arizona University and the USDA Forest Service Sierra Nevada Research Center. NR 32 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 7 IS 8 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1890/080049 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508RD UT WOS:000270949800015 ER PT J AU Sharma, BK Suarez, PAZ Perez, JM Erhan, SZ AF Sharma, Brajendra K. Suarez, Paulo A. Z. Perez, Joseph M. Erhan, Sevim Z. TI Oxidation and low temperature properties of biofuels obtained from pyrolysis and alcoholysis of soybean oil and their blends with petroleum diesel SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oxidation; Low temperature property; Biobased diesel; Pyrolysis; Biofuel ID ACROCOMIA-SCLEROCARPA M; VEGETABLE-OILS; CANOLA OIL; MACAUBA FRUIT; CATALYTIC CONVERSION; METAL-CATALYSTS; BIODIESEL; TRANSESTERIFICATION; ESTERS; STABILITY AB Diesel-like fuels were synthesized by a pyrolysis method using soybean oil (pyrodiesel, PD) and soybean soapstock (SPD), respectively. as starting material. These pyrodiesel samples were compared with soy biodiesel (BD) samples. All these three biofuels (PD, SPD and BD) and their blends with high sulfur (HSD) and low sulfur (LSD) diesel fuels were evaluated by measuring a number of fuel properties, such as oxidative stability, low-temperature performance, acid value and corrosion properties. Compared to BD blends, PD and SPD and their blends were found to have better oxidative stability, though inferior acid values. SPD and its blends have better flow performance at low-temperature compared to BD and PD blends. All the biofuels and their blends met the copper corrosion requirement prescribed by US and European standard. Based on the results reported here, pyrodiesels from these two-different feedstocks have potential and will require some upgrading or change in pyrolysis conditions. if they are to be used as fuel blending component. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sharma, Brajendra K.; Suarez, Paulo A. Z.; Erhan, Sevim Z.] ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.; Perez, Joseph M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Suarez, Paulo A. Z.] Univ Brasilia, LMC IQ, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Sharma, BK (reprint author), ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Brajendra.Sharma@ars.usda.gov; Sevim.erhan@ars.usda.gov RI Catalise, Inct/K-2293-2013 FU CNPq FX We would like to acknowledge Richard H. Henz for excellent technical assistance. PAZS also thanks CNPq for a research fellowship. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 10 BP 1265 EP 1271 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.06.011 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 514EL UT WOS:000271377000013 ER PT J AU Meinzer, FC Johnson, DM Lachenbruch, B McCulloh, KA Woodruff, DR AF Meinzer, Frederick C. Johnson, Daniel M. Lachenbruch, Barbara McCulloh, Katherine A. Woodruff, David R. TI Xylem hydraulic safety margins in woody plants: coordination of stomatal control of xylem tension with hydraulic capacitance SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic architecture; xylem embolism; plant-water relations; transpiration ID FOREST CANOPY TREES; STEM WATER STORAGE; FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE; SAVANNA TREES; LEAF EXCISION; DOUGLAS-FIR; TIME-SERIES; DRY FOREST; TRANSPORT; CONDUCTANCE AB P>1. The xylem pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity due to embolism (P(50)) is widely used for comparisons of xylem vulnerability among species and across aridity gradients. However, despite its utility as an index of resistance to catastrophic xylem failure under extreme drought, P(50) may have no special physiological relevance in the context of stomatal regulation of daily minimum xylem pressure and avoidance of hydraulic failure under non-extreme conditions. Moreover, few studies of hydraulic architecture have accounted for the buffering influence of tissue hydraulic capacitance on daily fluctuations in xylem pressure in intact plants. 2. We used data from 104 coniferous and angiosperm species representing a range of woody growth forms and habitat types to evaluate trends in three alternative xylem hydraulic safety margins based on features of their stem xylem vulnerability curves and regulation of daily minimum stem water potential (Psi(stem min)) under non-extreme conditions: (i) Psi(stem min) - P(50), (ii) Psi(stem min) - P(e), the difference between Psi(stem min) and the threshold xylem pressure at which loss of conductivity begins to increase rapidly (P(e)) and (iii) P(e) - P(50), an estimate of the steepness of the vulnerability curve between P(e) and P(50). Additionally, we assessed relationships between xylem capacitance, species-specific set-points for daily minimum stem water potential and hydraulic safety margins in a subset of species for which relevant data were available. 3. The three types of hydraulic safety margin defined increased with decreasing species-specific set-points for Psi(stem min), suggesting a diminishing role of stem capacitance in slowing fluctuations in xylem pressure as Psi(stem min) became more negative. The trends in hydraulic safety were similar among coniferous and angiosperm species native to diverse habitat types. 4. Our results suggest that here is a continuum of relative reliance on different mechanisms that confer hydraulic safety under dynamic conditions. Species with low capacitance and denser wood experience greater daily maximum xylem tension and appear to rely primarily on xylem structural features to avoid embolism, whereas in species with high capacitance and low wood density avoidance of embolism appears to be achieved primarily via reliance on transient release of stored water to constrain transpiration-induced fluctuations in xylem tension. C1 [Meinzer, Frederick C.; Johnson, Daniel M.; Woodruff, David R.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lachenbruch, Barbara; McCulloh, Katherine A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fmeinzer@fs.fed.us RI Johnson, Daniel/E-6789-2011; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Johnson, Daniel/0000-0001-5890-3147; FU National Science Foundation [IBN 9905012, IOB 0544470] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants IBN 9905012 and IOB 0544470. NR 54 TC 177 Z9 182 U1 8 U2 117 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 23 IS 5 BP 922 EP 930 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01577.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496LY UT WOS:000269976800009 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL Moon, J AF Liu, Z. Lewis Moon, Jaewoong TI A novel NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-12632 involved in the detoxification of aldehyde inhibitors derived from lignocellulosic biomass conversion SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Furfural; Gene expression; Protein expression; Sequence motif; Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase; Stress tolerance ID SHORT-CHAIN DEHYDROGENASES/REDUCTASES; STEREOSELECTIVE REDUCTIONS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; YEAST; PURIFICATION; CLONING; GENOME; SDR; TRANSCRIPTION; SUPERFAMILY AB Aldehyde inhibitors such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and phenylaldehyde are commonly generated during lignocellulosic biomass conversion process for low-cost cellulosic ethanol production that interferes with subsequent microbial growth and fermentation. In situ detoxification of the aldehyde inhibitors is possible by the tolerant ethanologenic yeast that involves multiple genes including numerous functional reductases. In this study, we report a novel aldehyde reductase gene clone Y63 from ethanologenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y12632, representing the uncharacterized ORF YGL157W, which demonstrated NADPH-dependent reduction activities toward at least 14 aldehyde substrates. The identity of gene clone Y63 is the same with YGL157W of SGD since a variation of only 35 nucleotides in genomic sequence and three amino acid residues were observed between the two that share the same length of 347 residues in size. As one among the highly induced genes, YGL157W of Y-12632 showed significantly high levels of transcript abundance in response to furfural and HMF challenges. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence and the most conserved functional motif analyses including closely related reductases from five other yeast species to this date, YGL157W was identified as a member of the subclass 'intermediate' of the SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase) superfamily with the following typical characteristics: the most conserved catalytic site to lie at Tyr(169)-X-X-X-Lys(173); an indispensable reduction catalytic triad at Ser(131), Tyr(169), and Lys(173), and an approved cofactor-binding motif at Gly(11)-X-X-Gly(14)-X-X-Ala(17) near the N-terminus. YGL039W, YDR541C, and YOL151W (GRE2) appeared to be the similar type of enzymes falling into the same category of the intermediate subfamily. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Z. Lewis; Moon, Jaewoong] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ZLewis.Liu@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35504-17359] FX We are grateful to technical assistance by Scott Weber. This work was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2006-35504-17359. NR 40 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 446 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2009.06.018 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 489PX UT WOS:000269434100001 PM 19577617 ER PT J AU Filiz, E Ozdemir, BS Budak, F Vogel, JP Tuna, M Budak, H AF Filiz, E. Ozdemir, B. S. Budak, F. Vogel, J. P. Tuna, M. Budak, H. TI Molecular, morphological, and cytological analysis of diverse Brachypodium distachyon inbred lines SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE AFLP analysis; karyotyping; mtDNA; cpDNA ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; NEW-MODEL; GRASS; POPULATIONS; SYSTEM; GENOME; HYBRIDIZATION; MARKERS AB Brachypodium distachyon (brachypodium) is a small grass with the biological and genomic attributes necessary to serve as a model system for all grasses including small grains and grasses being developed as energy crops (e.g., switchgrass and Miscanthus). To add natural variation to the toolkit available to plant biologists using brachypodium as a model system, it is imperative to establish extensive, well-characterized germplasm collections. The objectives of this study were to collect brachypodium accessions from throughout Turkey and then characterize the molecular (nuclear and organelle genome), morphological, and cytological variation within the collection. We collected 164 lines from 45 diverse geographic regions of Turkey and created 146 inbred lines. The majority of this material (116 of 146 inbred lines) was diploid. The similarity matrix for the diploid lines based on AFLP analysis indicated extensive diversity, with genetic distances ranging from 0.05 to 0.78. Organelle genome diversity, on the other hand, was low both among and within,the lines used in this study. The geographic distribution of genotypes was not significantly correlated with either nuclear or organelle genome variation for the genotypes studied. Phenotypic characterization of the lines showed extensive variation in flowering time (7-22 weeks), seed production (4-193 seeds/plant), and biomass (15-77 g). Chromosome morphology of the collected brachypodium accessions varied from submetacentric to metacentric, except for chromosome 5, which was acrocentric. The diverse brachypodium lines developed in this study will allow experimental approaches dependent upon natural variation to be applied to this new model grass. These results will also help efforts to have a better understanding of complex large genomes (i.e., wheat, barley, and switchgrass). C1 [Filiz, E.; Ozdemir, B. S.; Budak, H.] Sabanci Univ, Biol Sci & Bioengn Program, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. [Budak, F.] Igdir Univ, Dept Crops Sci, Igdir, Turkey. [Vogel, J. P.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Tuna, M.] Namik Kemal Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Tekirdag, Turkey. RP Budak, H (reprint author), Sabanci Univ, Biol Sci & Bioengn Program, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. EM budak@sabanciuniv.edu RI Budak, Hikmet/F-4708-2010; Filiz, Ertugrul/I-9440-2016; OI Budak, Hikmet/0000-0002-2556-2478; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU TUBA-GEBIP (Turkish Academy of Sciences Distinguished Young Scientist) FX This work was partially supported by a TUBA-GEBIP (Turkish Academy of Sciences Distinguished Young Scientist) award. NR 35 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 10 BP 876 EP 890 DI 10.1139/G09-062 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 520HB UT WOS:000271832300006 PM 19935911 ER PT J AU Liang, CZ Mao, L Ware, D Stein, L AF Liang, Chengzhi Mao, Long Ware, Doreen Stein, Lincoln TI Evidence-based gene predictions in plant genomes SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANNOTATION ASSESSMENT; RESOURCE; ARABIDOPSIS; GENERATION; ENSEMBL; RICE; COLLECTION; PROJECT; SORGHUM AB Automated evidence-based gene building is a rapid and cost-effective way to provide reliable gene annotations on newly sequenced genomes. One of the limitations of evidence-based gene builders, however, is their requirement for transcriptional evidence-known proteins, full-length cDNAs, or expressed sequence tags (ESTs)-in the species of interest. This limitation is of particular concern for plant genomes, where the rate of genome sequencing is greatly outpacing the rate of EST-and cDNA-sequencing projects. To overcome this limitation, we have developed an evidence-based gene build system (the Gramene pipeline) that can use transcriptional evidence across related species. The Gramene pipeline uses the Ensembl computing infrastructure with a novel data processing scheme. Using the previously annotated plant genomes, the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana and the monocot Oryza sativa, we show that the cross-species ESTs from within monocot or dicot class are a valuable source of evidence for gene predictions. We also find that, using only EST and cross-species evidence, the Gramene pipeline can generate a plant gene set that is comparable in quality to the human genes based on known proteins and full-length cDNAs. We compare the Gramene pipeline to several widely used ab initio gene prediction programs in rice; this comparison shows the pipeline performs favorably at both the gene and exon levels with cross-species gene products only. We discuss the results of testing the pipeline on a 22-Mb region of the newly sequenced maize genome and discuss potential application of the pipeline to other genomes. C1 [Liang, Chengzhi; Ware, Doreen; Stein, Lincoln] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Liang, Chengzhi; Mao, Long] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Ware, Doreen] USDA, Robert Holley Ctr, NAA Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Liang, CZ (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM liang@cshl.edu FU National Science Foundation [0321685, 0703908]; U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [58-1907-0-041]; The Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY FX We thank the Maize Sequencing Consortium for the maize sequences and thank Sandra Clifton for her critical review of the manuscript. We also thank the Ensembl team, especially Guy Slater and Laura Clarke, for their help in running Exonerate and the Ensembl pipeline. Lastly, we thank the reviewers for their critical comments on the first version of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (0321685 and 0703908) and a U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service specific cooperative agreement (58-1907-0-041). The rice Twinscan gene set was kindly provided by C. Zhang and B. Barbazuk (The Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO), and the rice ExonHunter gene set was kindly provided by B. Brejova and T. Vinar (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY). NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1912 EP 1923 DI 10.1101/gr.088997.108 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 501NX UT WOS:000270389700024 PM 19541913 ER PT J AU Forrester, JE Rhee, MS Yeum, KJ Blumberg, JB Knox, TA AF Forrester, Janet E. Rhee, Martin S. Yeum, Kyung-Jin Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Knox, Tamsin A. TI DOES ILLICIT DRUG USE AGGRAVATE LIVER DISEASE IN HIV/HCV INFECTION? SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 [Forrester, Janet E.; Knox, Tamsin A.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Yeum, Kyung-Jin; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rhee, Martin S.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Geog Med & Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 50 IS 4 MA 1351 BP 927A EP 927A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 502JV UT WOS:000270456001347 ER PT J AU Jia, Y AF Jia, Y. TI Artificial introgression of a large chromosome fragment around the rice blast resistance gene Pi-ta in backcross progeny and several elite rice cultivars SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE size of genomic introgression; linkage disequilibrium; Oryza sativa; Pi-ta ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; RFLP ANALYSIS; DMC1 GENES; GENOME; LOCUS; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION AB Studying the size of genomic introgressions should lead to a better understanding of linkage disequilibrium in crop breeding. In this study, progeny of the cross between a tropical japonica rice cultivar Katy containing the rice blast resistance gene Pi-ta and a temperate japonica cultivar M202 (Pi-ta) were inoculated with the race IB49 of Magnaporthe oryzae that recognizes Pi-ta. The resistant progeny were identified during backcrossing for five generations. Two progeny of each of the 22 BC(5)F(1) were genotyped using 12 simple sequence repeat markers around the Pi-ta genomic region on chromosome 12. Unlinked DNA in 43 BC(5)F(2) individuals was found primarily from the recurrent parent M202 as expected. However, unexpectedly, various sizes of genomic fragments around Pi-ta ranging from half (14Mbp) to the entire chromosome (27Mbp) were found from the donor. Similarly, large segments of comparable sizes of the Pi-ta genomic region originating from a landrace indica variety Tetep from Vietnam were also identified in Pi-ta containing US rice cultivars, Katy, Madison, Kaybonnet, and Drew. It was also determined that Tetep had an identical chromosome 12 to another landrace cultivar Tadukan from the Philippines. The most widely grown indica cultivar IR64 was found to contain the same 6.4Mbp around Pi-ta. This study demonstrates that a large portion of the chromosome was maintained by artificial selection for blast resistance during crop breeding. Heredity (2009) 103, 333-339; doi: 10.1038/hdy.2009.95; published online 22 July 2009 C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Program, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Program, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 HWY,130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM yulin.jia@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD OCT PY 2009 VL 103 IS 4 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1038/hdy.2009.95 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 497UG UT WOS:000270087700009 PM 19623205 ER PT J AU Jia, Y AF Jia, Y. TI Artificial introgression of a large chromosome fragment around the rice blast resistance gene Pi-ta in backcross progeny and several elite rice cultivars (vol 103, pg 333, 2009) SO HEREDITY LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Program, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Program, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD OCT PY 2009 VL 103 IS 4 BP 355 EP 356 DI 10.1038/hdy.2009.117 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 497UG UT WOS:000270087700012 ER PT J AU Vieira, JV da Silva, GO Boiteux, LS Simon, PW AF Vieira, Jairo Vidal da Silva, Giovani Olegario Boiteux, Leonardo S. Simon, Philipp W. TI Genetic divergence among carrot accessions belonging to different varietal groups using morphologic characters SO HORTICULTURA BRASILEIRA LA Portuguese DT Article DE Daucus carota L.; dissimilarity; genetic parameters ID HERITABILITY AB The utilization of carrot hybrids has increased in the last decade in Brazil. The estimative of genetic divergence among genotypes is a tool to identify superior parents for heterotic hybrid production in breeding programs. However, little is known about the combining ability of tropical-adapted carrot germplasm. The objectives of the present work were: (1) to estimate genetic parameters, (2) to estimate the relative importance of set of four morphological traits in the discrimination of carrot accessions belonging to distinct varietal groups and, (3) to use this morphological dataset combined with clustering techniques to group distinct carrot accessions in order to identify the most promising hybrid combinations. Two experiments were carried out in the field, in the springs of 2000 and 2001, in random block design with two replications. Fifteen competitive plants per accession were evaluated at 90 days after planting for the following traits: leaf length (cm), root length (cm), root diameter (mm), and fresh root weight (g). Analysis of variance as well as dissimilarity analysis and relative importance of each morphological characteristic for accession discrimination were calculated for the traits under study. All four traits displayed either medium or high heritability values as well as ratio of genetic and environmental variation coefficients. The traits root length and root diameter presented the highest contribution to discriminate accessions. The 'Imperator' group was the most divergent one. Therefore, crosses involving this variety group with the remaining accessions would result in progenies with the highest heterotic effects. Tropical-adapted accessions belonging to the 'Brasilia' group could be crossed with the majority of the accessions (except for the ones corresponding to the 'Chantenay' and 'Danvers' groups) with a high probability of generating superior populations and/or heterotic gains. C1 [Vieira, Jairo Vidal; da Silva, Giovani Olegario; Boiteux, Leonardo S.] Embrapa Hortalicas, BR-70359970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Vieira, JV (reprint author), Embrapa Hortalicas, C Postal 218, BR-70359970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM olegario@cnph.embrapa.br RI Boiteux, Leonardo/F-9675-2012 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC BRASILEIRA HORTICULTURA PI CAMPINAS PA IAC-CENTRO HORTICULTURA, CAIXA POSTAL 28, CAMPINAS, SP 13012-970, BRAZIL SN 0102-0536 J9 HORTIC BRAS JI Hortic. Bras. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 27 IS 4 BP 473 EP 477 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 601RQ UT WOS:000278081900011 ER PT J AU Robins, JG Bushman, BS Waldron, BL Johnson, PG AF Robins, Joseph G. Bushman, B. Shaun Waldron, Blair L. Johnson, Paul G. TI Variation within Poa Germplasm for Salinity Tolerance SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE irrigation; kentucky bluegrass; recycled water; texas bluegrass ID KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS; EXPERIMENTAL LINES; RECYCLED WATER; NACL TOLERANCE; TALL FESCUE; REGISTRATION; CULTIVARS; GROWTH; TURF; GERMINATION AB As competition for water resources in areas of western North America intensify as a result of increasing human populations, the sustainability of turfgrass irrigation with limited water resources is questionable. A potential part of the solution is the use of recycled wastewater for landscape irrigation. However, as a result of high levels of salt, successful irrigation with recycled wastewater will likely need to be coupled with selection for increased salinity tolerance in turfgrass species. Additionally, salinity-tolerant turfgrass will allow production on soils with inherently high salt levels. The study described here characterized the relative salinity tolerance of 93 accessions of Poa germplasm from the USDA National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Control cultivars of tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) were also evaluated for comparison. Kentucky bluegrass accessions exhibited a wide range of LD(50) (salinity dosage necessary to kill 50% of plants) values from 811 EC(days) (PI 369296 from Russia) to 1922 EC(days)) (PI 371768 from the United States). Five kentucky bluegrass accessions exhibited salinity tolerance equal to or better than that of the tall fescue (LD(50) = 1815 EC(days)) and perennial ryegrass (LD(50) = 1754 EC(days)) checks. Thus, there is sufficient variation within this species to develop bluegrass with substantially higher salinity tolerance. C1 [Robins, Joseph G.; Bushman, B. Shaun; Waldron, Blair L.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Johnson, Paul G.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Robins, JG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 6300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Joseph.Robins@ars.usda.gov FU USGA Turfgrass; Environmental Research Program FX This work was facilitated by funding from the USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Program. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1517 EP 1521 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300001 ER PT J AU Schnell, RJ Tondo, CL Brown, JS Kuhn, DN Ayala-Silva, T Borrone, JW Davenport, TL AF Schnell, Raymond J. Tondo, Cecile L. Brown, J. Steven Kuhn, David N. Ayala-Silva, Tomas Borrone, James W. Davenport, Thomas L. TI Outcrossing between 'Bacon' Pollinizers and Adjacent 'Hass' Avocado Trees and the Description of Two New Lethal Mutants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Persea americana; microsatellite marker; simple sequence repeat (SSR); California avocado; pollination; progeny ID POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PATERNITY INFERENCE; FRUIT-SET; CULTIVARS; YIELD; ARABIDOPSIS; ABSCISSION; GENOTYPES; FLORIDA AB Avocado (Persea antericana Mill.) has an unusual flowering mechanism, diurnally synchronous protogynous dichogamy, that promotes crosspollination among avocado genotypes. In commercial groves, which usually contain pollinizer rows adjacent to the more desirable commercial cultivars, the rate of outcrossing has been measured with variable results. Using microsatellite markers, we estimated outcrossing in a commercial California 'Hass' avocado orchard with adjacent 'Bacon' pollinizers. Seedlings grown from mature harvested fruit of both cultivars were genotyped with five fully informative microsatellite markers and their parentage determined. Among the 919 seedlings of 'Hass', 688 (75%) were hybrids with 'Bacon'; the remaining 231 (25%) seedlings were selfs of 'Hass'. Among the 850 seedlings of 'Bacon', 382 (45%) were hybrids with 'Hass' and the remaining 468 (55%) seedlings were selfs of 'Bacon'. The high outcrossing rate observed in the 'Hass' seedlings was expected, because adjacent rows of opposite flowering types (A versus B) are expected to outcross. However, the high selfing rate in 'Bacon' was unexpected. A previous study in Florida using the cultivars 'Simmonds' and 'Tonnage' demonstrated differences in outcrossing rates between complementary flowering type cultivars. In both Florida and California, the A type parents ('Hass' and 'Simmonds') had similar outcrossing rates (approximate to 75%); however, the B type parents ('Bacon' and 'Tonnage") had highly skewed outcrossing rates of 45% and 96%, respectively. Two new avocado lethal mutants were discovered among the selfed seedlings of 'Hass' and 'Bacon'. These were labeled "spindly" and "gnarly" and are similar in phenotype to mutants described in Arabidopsis and other crop species. C1 [Schnell, Raymond J.; Tondo, Cecile L.; Brown, J. Steven; Kuhn, David N.; Ayala-Silva, Tomas] ARS, USDA, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Borrone, James W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Davenport, Thomas L.] Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1360 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM Ray.Schnell@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1522 EP 1526 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300002 ER PT J AU Wadl, PA Skinner, JA Dunlap, JR Reed, SM Rinehart, TA Pantalone, VR Trigiano, RN AF Wadl, Phillip A. Skinner, John A. Dunlap, John R. Reed, Sandra M. Rinehart, Timothy A. Pantalone, Vincent R. Trigiano, Robert N. TI Honeybee-mediated Controlled Pollinations in Cornus florida and C-kousa Intra- and Interspecific Crosses SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flowering dogwood; kousa dogwood; scanning electron microscopy; SSR; self-incompatibility; pollen ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; FLOWERING DOGWOOD; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; ANTHRACNOSE; L.; MORTALITY; MICROSATELLITES; CORNACEAE; CULTIVARS; RESISTANT AB Flowering (Cornus florida L.) and kousa (C kousa Hance) dogwoods are ornamental trees valued for their four-season appeal, but also for their importance to retail and wholesale nurseries. The popularity of kousa dogwood has increased in recent years as a result of its resistance to dogwood anthracnose and powdery mildew as compared with flowering dogwood, which is typically susceptible to those diseases. This range of resistance allows the development of intra- and interspecific cultivars with multiple disease resistance or a combination of disease resistance and specific ornamental traits. Breeding requires controlled crosses that are usually done manually, which is a labor-intensive process. Cornus florida and C kousa have generally been found to be self-incompatible allowing for the breeding process to be made more efficient by not having to emasculate flowers. We have capitalized on the natural ability of honeybees and the self-incompatible nature of dogwood to perform self- and crosspollinations of flowering and kousa dogwood. Self-pollinations were conducted in 2006 and 2007 with C. florida 'Appalachian Spring' and 'Cherokee Brave' and with C. kousa 'Blue Shadow' and Galilean (R). The flowering dogwood self-pollinations resulted in no seed production, whereas the kousa dogwood self-pollinations resulted in low seed production, indicating self-incompatibility. Intra- and interspecific crosses of flowering and kousa dogwood cultivars and breeding lines were conducted in 2006 to 2008. Honeybees were effective in facilitating seed production for all intraspecific crosses conducted. Seedling phenotypes of putative intra- and interspecific hybrids are similar and practically indistinguishable, so dogwood-specific simple sequence repeats were used to verify a sample of the putative hybrids. The results demonstrated that honeybees were effective in performing controlled pollinations and that honeybee-mediated pollinations provide an alternative to time-consuming hand pollinations for flowering and kousa dogwood. C1 [Wadl, Phillip A.; Skinner, John A.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dunlap, John R.] Univ Tennessee, Div Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Reed, Sandra M.] Tennessee State Univ, USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy A.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Pantalone, Vincent R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wadl, PA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 205 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg,2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pwadl@utk.edu NR 40 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1527 EP 1533 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300003 ER PT J AU Kardos, JH Robacker, CD Dirr, MA Rinehart, TA AF Kardos, Joshua H. Robacker, Carol D. Dirr, Michael A. Rinehart, Timothy A. TI Production and Verification of Hydrangea macrophylla x H-angustipetala Hybrids SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE interspecific hybridization; pollen viability; simple sequence repeat; 'Lady in Red'; Midnight Duchess (R) ID GENUS HYDRANGEA; DIVERSITY; DISTANCE AB The genetic diversity among H. macrophylla (Thunberg) Seringe taxa is limited as a result of the restricted native distribution and multiple breeding programs that used the same taxa and targeted similar breeding goals. This study assessed the compatibility of interspecific crosses between Hydrangea macrophylla and H. angustipetala Rayata as a source of genetic diversity. Two lacecap cultivars of H. macrophylla, 'Lady in Red' and Midnight Duchess (R) ('HYMMAD II') were compatible with H. angustipetala. Hybridity of progeny was confirmed by simple sequence repeat markers and morphological comparisons. Some hybrids had red- or purple-pigmented stems, which are characteristic of 'Lady in Red' or Midnight Duchess (R), respectively. All hybrids had white lacecap inflorescences. Some of the hybrid flowers were fragrant. Winter leaf retention of the hybrids ranged from deciduous to semievergreen. Male fertility of progeny was evaluated by fluorescein diacetate staining of pollen. 'Lady in Red', Midnight Duchess (R), and H. angustipetala had 62%, 58%, and 79% stainable pollen, respectively, whereas the 'Lady in Red' x H. angustipetala and Midnight Duchess (R) x H. angustipetala hybrids had means of 48% and 47% stainable pollen, respectively. Selected progeny were used to develop F(2) and BC(1) populations. The interspecific hybrids produced in this study were attractive, fertile plants that are being used in further breeding to develop new cultivars. C1 [Robacker, Carol D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Kardos, Joshua H.; Dirr, Michael A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy A.] ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Robacker, CD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM croback@uga.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1534 EP 1537 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300004 ER PT J AU Brown, JS Schnell, RJ Ayala-Silva, T Moore, JM Tondo, CL Winterstein, MC AF Brown, J. Steven Schnell, Raymond J. Ayala-Silva, Tomas Moore, J. Michael Tondo, Cecile L. Winterstein, Michael C. TI Broad-sense Heritability Estimates for Fruit Color and Morphological Traits from Open-pollinated Half-sib Mango Families SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mangifera indica; colorimetric measurments; mango breeding ID COMMUNICATION; CULTIVARS; SELECTION AB The visual appearance of mangos is a primary factor in determining consumer acceptance and sale, similar to other fruit and vegetable commodities. Even if the appeal of visual appearance is based on consumer perception rather than on established quality factors, breeders must usually select within the range of acceptance, at least in some countries. Mango selection using multiyear breeding programs is slowly replacing the former method by which most earlier cultivars were selected, namely from chance seedlings either from planned or unplanned crosses. The knowledge of heritability of traits as they are controlled by genetics and experimental design and the effects and interaction of these two sets of factors on achieved gain have become more critical. The use of portable colorimeters has been shown to give repeatable scores in a quantitative, three-dimensional space for fruits and vegetables. In this experiment, we calculated broad-sense heritability estimates for five color traits, three morphological fruit traits, and one disease resistance trait (anthracnose expressed on the fruit). Estimates were found to be relatively high, indicating good potential for improvement through breeding. For nearly all traits measured, variance within families was greater than that among families, illustrating the likely importance of heterozygosity, dominance, and epistasis in these crosses. The careful estimation of heritability and repeatability will help prioritize and increase the efficiency of trait improvement as breeding methods become more sophisticated and competition for funding increases. C1 [Brown, J. Steven; Schnell, Raymond J.; Ayala-Silva, Tomas; Moore, J. Michael; Tondo, Cecile L.; Winterstein, Michael C.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Coral Gables, FL 33158 USA. RP Brown, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Coral Gables, FL 33158 USA. EM Steve.Brown@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1552 EP 1556 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300008 ER PT J AU Krug, BA Whipker, BE Frantz, J McCall, I AF Krug, Brian A. Whipker, Brian E. Frantz, Jonathan McCall, Ingram TI Characterization of Calcium and Boron Deficiency and the Effects of Temporal Disruption of Calcium and Boron Supply on Pansy, Petunia, and Gerbera Plugs SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gerbera jamesonii hydroponics; Hoagland's; Petunia xhybrida; Viola xwittrockiana ID TRANSPORT; PLANTS AB Pansy (Viola xwittrockiana Gams.), petunia (Petunia xhybrida hort. Vilm.), and gerbera daisy (Gerbera jamesonii Bol. ex Adlam.) plants were grown hydroponically to characterize the deficiency symptoms caused by the absence of calcium (Ca) or boron (B). Primary symptoms occurred on the youngest tissue for both elements, but distinct differences between Ca and B deficiencies were observed. Plants responding to Ca deficiency exhibited discoloration and upward rolling of leaves and ultimately necrosis. Plants responding to B deficiency exhibited minor chlorosis, upward curling, and thickening of leaves, distorted meristems, and strap-like leaves. A second experiment investigated how a temporary disruption of Ca or B affects the plant throughout the crop cycle. Either Ca or B was removed from the nutrient solution for a 7-day period from Day 15 to Day 21, Day 22 to Day 28, or Day 29 to Day 35 after sowing. After the 7-day disruption, the respective element was reintroduced to the plants. Regardless of when the plants were deprived of Ca or B, the symptoms of the respective deficiency were present at the end of the experiment. These studies have shown that a temporary disruption of either Ca or B can cause lasting symptoms throughout the plug production cycle. Also, the symptoms that have been observed in plug production were most similar to those symptoms caused by B deficiency, not Ca deficiency. C1 [Krug, Brian A.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Whipker, Brian E.; McCall, Ingram] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Frantz, Jonathan] ARS, USDA, ATRU, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Krug, BA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Spaulding Hall,38 Acad Way, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM brian.krug@unh.edu FU Gloeckner Foundation FX Thanks to Ball Horticultural Company for plant material, Smithers-Oasis for the root substrates, Scotts for the fertilizer, and the Gloeckner Foundation for grant support. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1566 EP 1572 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300011 ER PT J AU Thompson, E Strik, BC Finn, CE Zhao, YY Clark, JR AF Thompson, Ellen Strik, Bernadine C. Finn, Chad E. Zhao, Yanyun Clark, John R. TI High Tunnel versus Open Field: Management of Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Using Pruning and Tipping to Increase Yield and Extend the Fruiting Season SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rubus sp.; primocane management; 'Prime-Jan'(R); tunnel production ID BLISS RED RASPBERRY; CANE DENSITY; DATE; PERFORMANCE; GENOTYPES AB Primocane-fruiting blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) may offer opportunities for season extension and off-season fruit production, particularly in mild climates with protected culture. In May 2005, plants of 'Prime-Jan'(R) were established at the Oregon State University-North Willamette Research and Extension Center, Aurora, OR. Half of the planting was established under a high tunnel and the remainder planted in an adjacent open field. In 2006 to 2007, primocanes were subjected to four treatments to promote branching and/or delay harvest: 1) all primocanes within the plot were cut to the ground when averaging 0.25 m tall, then later emerging canes soft-tipped when reaching 0.5 m tall (C0.25m/T0.5m); 2) all primocanes within the plot were cut to the ground when averaging 0.5 m tall, then later emerging canes soft-tipped when reaching 0.5 m (C0.5m/T0.5m); 3) primocanes double-tipped: all primocanes within the plot were soft-tipped when averaging 0.5 m tall with subsequent lateral branches then soft-tipped when reaching 0.5 m long (T0.5m/Tb0.5m); and 4) primocanes were soft-tipped when averaging 0.5 m tall (T0.5m; control). The tunnel was covered with plastic from 5 Sept. 2006 and 31 Aug. 2007, approximate to 1 to 2 weeks before harvest until the end of harvest to protect fruit from inclement weather. On average, fruit harvest began on 12 Sept. in the open field and tunnel, but lasted approximate to 3 weeks longer in the tunnel, ending on 16 Nov., on average. Primocanes that were double-tipped had nearly twice the flowers and fruit than canes that were soft-tipped only once (T0.5m; control). In the tunnel, cumulative yield of double-tipped primocanes averaged 10.7 t.ha(-1) in 2006 and 19.3 t.ha(-1) in 2007, a 267% and 159% increase compared with the control, respectively. On average, cumulative yield for all treatments was less in the open field than in the tunnel, although cultural systems could not be compared statistically. Harvest was not delayed in the C0.25m/T0.5m treatment in 2006 compared with the control and the double-tipped treatments; however, in 2007, harvest was delayed by 2 weeks in C0.25m/T0.5m. In contrast, harvest was delayed by approximate to 4 weeks when primocanes were cut to the ground at 0.5 m (C0.5m/T0.5m). Primocanes that were double-tipped produced heavier fruit than other treatments (33% heavier than the control, on average). Double-tipped primocanes did not have more ovules per flower, but had significantly more drupelets set compared with the control. In addition, plants growing under the tunnel tended to produce heavier fruit (32%, on average) than those grown in the open field. Harvest date affected fruit pH in 2006, but not in 2007. In 2006, fruit pH was highest in the early season. All other differences in fruit chemistry were not significant. The pruning and tipping systems used here increased yield and offered options for season extension. C1 [Thompson, Ellen; Strik, Bernadine C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Finn, Chad E.] ARS, USDA, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Zhao, Yanyun] Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Clark, John R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Hort, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Strik, BC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM strikb@hort.oregonstate.edu NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1581 EP 1587 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300013 ER PT J AU MacKinnon, DK Shaner, D Nissen, S Westra, P AF MacKinnon, Daniel K. Shaner, Dale Nissen, Scott Westra, Phil TI The Effects of Surfactants, Nozzle Types, Spray Volumes, and Simulated Rain on 1-Methylcyclopropene Efficacy on Tomato Plants SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 1-MCP; ethylene; ethephon; epinasty; Solanum lycopersicon; plant stress ID ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; SHELF-LIFE; 1-MCP; SENESCENCE; ABSCISSION; VEGETABLES; HERBICIDE; ADJUVANTS; EXPOSURE; QUALITY AB A study was conducted with a wettable powder formulation of I-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to determine the effects of surfactants, spray volume, nozzle type, and rain fastness on the efficacy of 1-MCP to protect tomato plants from the epinastic effects of ethephon. 1-MCP at 25 and 50 g.ha(-1) protected tomato plants from 250 and 500 g.ha(-1) of ethephon. Of the three best surfactants tested, two (Dyne-Amic and Silwet L-77) contained silicone and one (Herbimax) an emulsified petroleum oil. The efficacy of 1-MCP increased with an increase in spray volume from 150 1,.ha(-1) to 4010 L.ha(-1), suggesting that an increase in leaf coverage leads to greater protection and that the translocation of 1-MCP is limited within tomato plants. There was no significant effect of spray nozzle type on 1-MCP activity. 1-MCP appeared to be rainfast within 15 min after application. C1 [MacKinnon, Daniel K.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Ft Collins Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Shaner, Dale] ARS, USDA, WMU, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Nissen, Scott; Westra, Phil] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP MacKinnon, DK (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Ft Collins Lab, 2301 Res Blvd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM daniel.k.mackinnon@aphis.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1600 EP 1603 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300016 ER PT J AU Bi, GH Scagel, CF AF Bi, Guihong Scagel, Carolyn F. TI Effects of Fall Applications of Chemical Defoliants, Urea, and Gibberellic Acid on Defoliation in the Fall and Performance of Hydrangeas During Forcing SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hydrangea macrophylla 'Merritt's Supreme'; Def 6; tributyl phosphorotrithioate; CuEDTA; Florel ID RESERVE NITROGEN; NURSERY PLANTS; GROWTH; TREES; COPPER; SPRAY; MOBILIZATION; STORAGE; AUTUMN; CUEDTA AB In two separate experiments, Hydrangea macrophyalla (Thunb.) Ser. 'Merritt's Supreme' plants were used to study the effects of foliar sprays of Def 6 (tributyl phosphorotrithioate, 2500, 5000, 7500, and 10,000 mg.L(-1)), gibberellic acid (GA, 50 mg.L(-1)), copper-EDTA (CuEDTA, 0.5% and 1.0%), Florel (2000 mg.L(-1) and urea (3%) on defoliation in the fall and growth and flowering performance during forcing. Compared with controls (plants sprayed with water only), spraying plants with urea or GA alone had no influence on defoliation or plant performance during forcing, and spraying plants with Florel alone had no influence on defoliation but decreased total flower dry weight during forcing. Combining urea with Florel sprays decreased the adverse effects of Florel on plant quality and combining GA with Florel improved defoliation. Increasing concentrations of Def 6 and CuEDTA increased defoliation. Compared with controls, plants sprayed with CuEDTA exhibited more defoliation, showed bud and leaf necrosis, and produced lower flower dry weight during forcing. Combining urea with CuEDTA sprays decreased the adverse effects of CuEDTA on plant quality. Compared with controls, spraying plants with Def 6 increased defoliation, caused no visible damage to plants, and had no adverse effects on plant quality during forcing. Adding urea to sprays containing Def 6 decreased or had no influence on the efficiency of defoliation and increased total flower dry weight during forcing compared with Def 6 alone. Adding GA to sprays containing lower concentrations of Def 6 (2500 and 5000 mg.L(-1)) increased the efficiency of defoliation without adversely influencing plant quality. C1 [Bi, Guihong] Mississippi State Univ, Truck Crops Branch, Expt Stn, Crystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. [Scagel, Carolyn F.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bi, GH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Truck Crops Branch, Expt Stn, 2024 Expt Stn Rd,POB 231, Crystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. EM gb250@msstate.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1604 EP 1607 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300017 ER PT J AU Chen, NJ Wall, MM Paull, RE Follett, PA AF Chen, Nancy J. Wall, Marisa M. Paull, Robert E. Follett, Peter A. TI Variation in 'Sharwil' Avocado Maturity during the Harvest Season and Resistance to Fruit Fly Infestation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dry matter; maturity; oil content; Persia americana; postharvest; quality ID QUARANTINE SECURITY; COLD TOLERANCE; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; HAWAII; PERIOD AB Avocados cannot be exported from Hawaii to the continental United States without a quarantine treatment to prevent the spread of fruit flies. Research was conducted on the maturity and infestation potential of 'Sharwil' avocados to assist in development of a multicomponent systems approach for quarantine security. Changes in fruit dry matter content and oil content were determined throughout the harvest season for 'Sharwil' avocados grown at three orchard elevations over two production seasons. Also, the ability to infest fruit with Mediterranean fruit fly and oriental fruit fly was measured throughout the harvest season and during fruit ripening. Fruit quality was consistent from one year to the next, regardless of orchard elevation, however, the time of harvest within a production season impacted avocado quality. Late season fruit had higher dry matter and oil contents, were smaller in size, and had a shorter shelf life than early and midseason fruit, but fruit flavor and texture did not change throughout the season. Mean dry matter content ranged from 32% (30 Jan.) to 38% (24 Apr.) in 2007 and from 29% (8 Jan.) to 40% (29 Apr.) in 2008. Percentage of oil content ranged from 21% to 25% in 2007 and from 18% to 28% in 2008. 'Sharwil' fruit with a minimum mean oil content of 18% had 29% dry matter and acceptable sensory quality. The dry matter and oil contents of individual avocados were highly correlated (r = 0.97). Avocado was a poor fruit fly host immediately after harvest but became an increasingly favorable host as fruit ripened. Fruit fly infestation rates were similar among early, mid- and late season fruit. The results could be used to develop a maturity standard for 'Sharwil' avocados based on dry matter content at harvest, and to develop guidelines for postharvest practices of a systems approach for quarantine security. C1 [Wall, Marisa M.; Follett, Peter A.] ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Chen, Nancy J.; Paull, Robert E.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wall, MM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM marisa.wall@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1655 EP 1661 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300027 ER PT J AU Braun, LC Gillman, JH Russelle, MP AF Braun, Lois C. Gillman, Jeffrey H. Russelle, Michael P. TI Fertilizer Nitrogen Timing and Uptake Efficiency of Hybrid Hazelnuts in the Upper Midwest, USA SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Corylus; tracers; nitrogen allocation; nutrient recommendations ID ABSORBED NITROGEN; ALMOND TREES; PEACH-TREES; APPLE-TREES; GROWTH; NITRATE; TISSUE AB Hybrids of Corylus avellana, C americana and C cornuta, are being developed as a potential crop for the Upper Midwest of the United States, but little is known about fertilizer nitrogen (N) management. We hypothesized that N application when the bushes were most fully leafed out would result in highest N uptake efficiency (NUE). We used (15)N-labeled ammonium nitrate to measure NUE from soil applications in mid-April, late April, late May, early August, and mid-September. Nitrogen applied in either mid- or late April never comprised more than 5% of the total N in shoots or leaves, suggesting that N used for early leaf expansion came primarily from stored reserves. Applications made after April demonstrated that N was quickly translocated to rapidly growing plant parts: May applications comprised 9% of the N in leaves collected in July; August applications comprised 12% of the N in nut kernels collected in September; and September applications comprised 9%, of N in catkins collected in October. Nitrogen applied in August and September appeared in new shoots the following April at higher levels than it did aboveground the previous October, showing that N applied late in the season may be stored belowground over the winter. NUE was highest for August and September applications at one site and August and mid-April applications at the other, implying that summer is generally the best time to apply N for most efficient uptake. However, overall NUE was low, only 5% for August applications, suggesting a need to develop other methods of improving NUE in hybrid hazelnuts. C1 [Braun, Lois C.; Gillman, Jeffrey H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Russelle, Michael P.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Braun, LC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron, 411 Borlaug Hall,Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM brau0259@umn.edu FU North Central Region SARE; The Land Institute's Natural Systems Agriculture Fellowship Program; University of Minnesota's Southeast Regional Partnership FX We appreciate funding from North Central Region SARE, The Land Institute's Natural Systems Agriculture Fellowship Program, and from the University of Minnesota's Southeast Regional Partnership and Grant-in-Aid programs. We also thank Phil Rutter of Badgersett Research Corporation and Roy and Teresa Cerling for use of their hazelnut plantings and for their help in the field. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1688 EP 1693 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300034 ER PT J AU Valdez-Aguilar, LA Grieve, CM Poss, J AF Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A. Grieve, Catherine M. Poss, James TI Salinity and Alkaline pH in Irrigation Water Affect Marigold Plants: I. Growth and Shoot Dry Weight Partitioning SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bedding plants; Colorado River water; cut flowers; electrical conductivity; plant quality ID MINERAL-NUTRITION; SALT TOLERANCE; CULTIVATION; MECHANISMS; L. AB Marigolds are one of the most popular annual ornamental plants; both, the short-stature cultivars (Tagetes patula L.) and the taller cultivars (T. erecta L.) are used as container plants in landscape and garden settings. Tagetes erecta varieties can also make excellent cut and dried flowers for the florists' market. The present study was conducted to evaluate the response of T. patula 'French Vanilla' and T. erecta 'Flagstaff' and 'Yellow Climax' to irrigation with saline water with and without pH control. Marigold plugs were transplanted into greenhouse sand tanks and established for I week under nonsaline conditions. Ten treatments were then applied with electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw) of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS.m(-1) and pH levels of 6.4 and 7.8. Growth of all three cultivars decreased in response to irrigation with saline waters at pH 6.4. Compared with the nonsaline controls, 'French Vanilla' exhibited a 20% to 25% decrease in plant height, leaf dry weight (DW), and shoot DW when irrigated with 4 dS.m(-1) water. However, the number of flowering shoots and the diameter and number of flowers were not significantly affected until the ECw exceeded 8 dS.m(-1). Growth of 'Flagstaff' and 'Yellow Climax' also decreased as ECw increased. Shoot DW of the tall cultivars decreased by 30% and 24%, respectively, in response to the 4 dS.m(-1) treatment, but additional salt stress had no further effect on DW production. Marigolds were highly sensitive to high pH. Plants irrigated with nonsaline water with pH at 7.8 exhibited a 50%,89%, and 84% reduction in shoot DW in 'French Vanilla', 'Flagstaff', and 'Yellow Climax', respectively, compared with plants irrigated with water with pH 6.4. Marigold cultivars were rated as moderately tolerant to salinity because growth was affected when water ECw exceeded 8 dS.m(-1). Salinity tended to reduce internode elongation, resulting in attractive plants. Compactness was not increased as a result of a decrease in DW, resulting in attractive plants, which show great promise as bedding or landscape plants in salt-affected sites provided that the pH of the soil solutions remains acidic. Under our experimental conditions in the sand tank system, the ECw. was essentially equivalent to those of the sand soil solution; however, considering that the EC of the sand soil solution is approximate to 2.2 times the EC of the saturated soil extract (ECe), our salinity treatments may be estimated as 0.91, 1.82. 2.73, 3.64, and 4.55 dS.m(-1). Thus, the threshold ECw at which marigold cultivars exhibited acceptable growth, 8 dS.m(-1), would be equivalent to ECe of 3.64 dS.m(-1). C1 [Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A.; Grieve, Catherine M.; Poss, James] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Valdez-Aguilar, LA (reprint author), Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Blvd Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo 25253, Coahuila, Mexico. EM lavaldez@ciqa.mx RI Valdez-Aguilar, Luis/A-6668-2009; OI Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A./0000-0002-2510-1962 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1719 EP 1725 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300039 ER PT J AU Valdez-Aguilar, LA Grieve, CM Poss, J Layfield, DA AF Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A. Grieve, Catherine M. Poss, James Layfield, Donald A. TI Salinity and Alkaline pH in Irrigation Water Affect Marigold Plants: II. Mineral Ion Relations SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alkalinity; bedding plants; electrical conductivity; Imperial and Coachella Valley; sodium exclusion ID TOMATO PLANTS; HYDROPONIC CULTURE; SALT TOLERANCE; SAND CULTURES; ROOT-CELLS; GROWTH; MAGNESIUM; CHLORIDE; POTASSIUM; NUTRITION AB Scarcity of good-quality water for landscape irrigation is a major concern in and and semiarid regions as a result of the competition with the urban population. Competing claims from urban, agricultural, environmental, and industrial groups leaves less water or water of lower quality for use in landscape maintenance. Although degraded waters, high in both salinity and alkaline pH, may challenge plant establishment and growth, these waters must be considered as valuable alternatives to the use of fresh water resources for landscape sites. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of irrigation with saline water, with and without pH control, on the mineral ion relations of three marigold cultivars: Flagstaff, Yellow Climax, and French Vanilla. Treatments were five electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw): 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS.m(-1), and two pH levels: 6.4 and 7.8. Plants of French Vanilla' and flowering stems of 'Flagstaff and 'Yellow Climax' were harvested at flower maturity. Leaves of the taller cultivars, Flagstaff and Yellow Climax, were collected separately from the main axis and from the lateral stems, whereas in 'French Vanilla', leaves were combined. Total sulfur, total phosphorus, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+ concentrations in leaf and stem tissues were determined. The three marigold cultivars were strong Ca2+-accumulators and this response was more evident at the lower pH level. However, leaf Ca2+ tended to decrease as salinity increased despite a threefold increase in substrate Ca2+. Leaf Mg2+ increased as salinity increased and main stem leaves of the taller cultivars accumulated more Mg2+ than leaves on the lateral branches. The reverse was true for leaf K+; leaves on the lateral branches were stronger K+-accumulators than those on the main stem. Potassium concentrations in leaves of marigold irrigated with waters at pH 6.4 tended to decrease as ECw increased. Marigold seems to possess an efficient Na+ exclusion mechanism, which restricts Na+ accumulation in the leaves. Patterns of total phosphorus accumulation in leaf tissues were not consistent over the range of ECw treatments. Among the micronutrients, Fe2+ and Mn2+ tended to be partitioned to the younger rather than the older leaves. The decrease in marigold growth was associated with nutrient ion imbalance as demonstrated by the reduction in K+ concentration and the increase in Mg2+ and Cl- in leaf tissue. Despite the reduction in growth, the aesthetic value of the cultivars was not detrimentally affected by application of saline waters with ECw values as high as 8 dS.m(-1). C1 [Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A.; Grieve, Catherine M.; Poss, James; Layfield, Donald A.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Valdez-Aguilar, LA (reprint author), Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Blvd Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo 25253, Coahuila, Mexico. EM lavaldez@ciqa.mx RI Valdez-Aguilar, Luis/A-6668-2009; OI Valdez-Aguilar, Luis A./0000-0002-2510-1962 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1726 EP 1735 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300040 ER PT J AU Chandler, CK Santos, BM Peres, NA Jouquand, C Plotto, A Sims, CA AF Chandler, Craig K. Santos, Bielinski M. Peres, Natalia A. Jouquand, Celine Plotto, Anne Sims, Charles A. TI 'Florida Radiance' Strawberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Fragaria xananassa; fruit breeding; small fruit germplasm C1 [Chandler, Craig K.; Santos, Bielinski M.; Peres, Natalia A.; Jouquand, Celine] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. [Plotto, Anne] ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Sims, Charles A.] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Santos, BM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, 14625 CR 672, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. EM ckc@ufl.edu RI Peres, Natalia/A-3279-2013 NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1769 EP 1770 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300048 ER PT J AU Chandler, CK Santos, BM Peres, NA Jouquand, C Plotto, A AF Chandler, Craig K. Santos, Bielinski M. Peres, Natalia A. Jouquand, Celine Plotto, Anne TI 'Florida Elyana' Strawberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Fragaria xananassa; fruit breeding; small fruit germplasm C1 [Chandler, Craig K.; Santos, Bielinski M.; Peres, Natalia A.; Jouquand, Celine] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. [Plotto, Anne] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Chandler, CK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, 14625 CR 672, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. EM ckc@ufl.edu RI Peres, Natalia/A-3279-2013 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1775 EP 1776 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300051 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM AF Crosslin, James M. TI Detection of Tobacco Rattle Virus RNA in Processed Potato Chips Displaying Symptoms of Corky Ringspot Disease SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE potato diseases; tobraviruses ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TUBERS; PCR AB In Apr. 2008, commercially purchased processed potato chips were observed with dark brown arcs and rings typical of corky ringspot disease. This disease is caused by infection with tobacco rattle virus (TRV). A portion of RNA 1 of TRV was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from each of eight discolored chips from three different bags purchased at three locations. Sequence analysis of the 463-bp amplicons confirmed that the products were indeed TRV in origin and were 97% identical to TRV sequences of isolates originating in Washington, Florida, and Wisconsin. Extracts from the symptomatic RT-PCR-positive chips were not infectious when mechanically inoculated onto tobacco leaves. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of plant virus RNA in a food product after high-temperature frying. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Crosslin, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM jim.crosslin@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1790 EP 1791 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 506LM UT WOS:000270776300056 ER PT J AU Walters, TW Pinkerton, JN Riga, E Zasada, IA Particka, M Yoshida, HA Ishida, C AF Walters, Thomas W. Pinkerton, John N. Riga, Ekaterini Zasada, Inga A. Particka, Michael Yoshida, Harvey A. Ishida, Chris TI Managing Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Established Red Raspberry Fields SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Recent Advances in Palm Horticulture CY JUL 22, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP Ornamentals, Landscape & Turf Working Grp DE Rubus idaeus; root lesion nematode; Pratylenchus penetrans; dagger nematode; Xiphinema bakeri ID PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; RUBUS-IDAEUS; OXAMYL; YIELD; NEMATICIDES; GROWTH; VIRUS; ROOT AB The efficacy and phytotoxicity of postplant treatments to control root lesion nematodes [RLN (Pratylenchus penetrans)] and dagger nematodes [DN (Xiphinema bakeri)] in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) were evaluated in four field studies, each conducted over 1 to 3 years. Spring spray applications of oxamyl or fosthiazate reduced RLN and DN population densities for up to 2 years, but fall oxamyl sprays and spring drip-applied oxamyl applications were not effective. Oxamyl application rate determined the duration of nematode suppression. Two spring applications of oxamyl at 2 lb/acre provided more than 2 years of suppression, while two spring applications of 0.8 lb/acre suppressed nematodes for only 1 year. Spring oxamyl applications reduced 'Nootka' fruit yield for one season, but did not affect 'Willamette' yield. Fall spray-applied fenamiphos, fall and spring spray-applied DiTera (a fermentation product of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria), fall drip-applied 1,3-dichloropropene, and spring shallow-incorporated abyssinian mustard (Brassica carinata) seed meal suppressed RLN briefly (less than 6 months) or not at all. C1 [Walters, Thomas W.; Particka, Michael] Washington State Univ, NWREC, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. [Pinkerton, John N.; Zasada, Inga A.] USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Riga, Ekaterini] Washington State Univ, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Yoshida, Harvey A.] Dow AgroSci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ishida, Chris] Valent BioSci, Vancouver, WA 98687 USA. RP Walters, TW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, NWREC, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. EM twwalters@wsu.edu RI Walters, Thomas/G-1348-2010 OI Walters, Thomas/0000-0002-2938-8542 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 762 EP 768 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613XG UT WOS:000279017000016 ER PT J AU Scotcher, MC Johnson, EA Stanker, LH AF Scotcher, Miles C. Johnson, Eric A. Stanker, Larry H. TI Characterization of the Epitope Region of F1-2 and F1-5, Two Monoclonal Antibodies to Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Article ID TOXIN TYPE-A; CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; INFANT BOTULISM; HEAVY-CHAIN; HOT-SPOTS; PROTEIN; GENE; STRAIN AB F1-2 and F1-5 are mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies that bind the heavy chain of Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A). To characterize the epitopes of F1-2 and F1-5, three complementary experimental approaches were selected. First, recombinant peptide fragments of BoNT/A heavy-chain were used in Western blots to identify the epitope regions. Second, a peptide phage display library was used to identify specific amino acids bound by F1-2 and F1-5, and these amino acids were mapped onto the three-dimensional structure of BoNT/A. Third, selected amino acids were mutated to alanine and the effects of the mutations on F1-2 and F1-5 binding were evaluated. Data from recombinant peptide fragment binding experiments suggested that the epitopes for antibodies F1-2 and F1-5 are located between amino acids R564 and S793 on the toxin heavy chain. Furthermore, elimination of amino acids from the amino terminus (R564-K595), or from the carboxyl terminus (N759-S793) of this fragment abolished binding of both F1-2 and F1-5, suggesting a conformational epitope for these antibodies. Peptide sequences deduced from antibody binding to the peptide phage display library suggested that tyrosine residues located at positions 748, 750, and 753 might form a significant part of the F1-2 and F1-5 epitope motif. Mutation of Y750 or Y753 to alanine significantly reduced binding of either antibody, while mutation of Y748 to alanine had no effect on antibody binding. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the variable regions of the heavy chains of F1-2 and F1-5 are reported. The complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of the heavy chains were found to be 78% identical. It is possible that F1-2 and F1-5 bind the same epitope via the common amino acids within their CDRs. C1 [Scotcher, Miles C.; Stanker, Larry H.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Johnson, Eric A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Food Res Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Stanker, LH (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM lstanker@pw.usda.gov NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1554-0014 J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD OCT PY 2009 VL 28 IS 5 BP 315 EP 325 DI 10.1089/hyb.2009.0022 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 511EI UT WOS:000271146300002 PM 19857112 ER PT J AU King, KW Smiley, PC Fausey, NR AF King, Kevin W. Smiley, Peter C., Jr. Fausey, Norman R. TI Hydrology of channelized and natural headwater streams SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE peak flow; drainage; discharge; watershed; low flow; magnitude; frequency ID RIPARIAN ZONES; WATER-QUALITY; DRAINAGE; ILLINOIS; NITRATE; USA; CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT AB Understanding hydrology of channelized and natural headwater streams is paramount for maintaining ecosystem function and natural flow regimes. Two channelized and two natural headwater streams located in Upper Big Walnut Creek (UBWC) watershed in Ohio, USA, were instrumented to facilitate measurement, characterization and comparison of hydrology to the accepted paradigm for headwater hydrology. Data were collected at 10-min intervals from I January 2005 to 31 December 2006. Differences in flow magnitudes (average, low and high) were generally greater (P < 0.05) in the channelized streams. Frequency of zero discharge and out-of-bank discharge was significantly greater in the natural streams. Zero discharge occurred in summer and out-of-bank flows occurred in winter. Rate of change variables indicated that channelized streams respond more quickly to rainfall, have significantly greater peak flows, and have slower recession times. In contrast, natural streams tend to be more "flashy". The findings were generally consistent with the accepted paradigm for headwater hydrology and attributed to stream type, presence of subsurface drainage, potential connection to groundwater, and differences in riparian vegetation. The design and installation of management practices that influence hydrology should consider the potential impacts of altering stream hydrology. Management practices such as water-table management have the potential and show promise in altering the hydrology of channelized streams to resemble the hydrology of natural streams. C1 [King, Kevin W.; Smiley, Peter C., Jr.; Fausey, Norman R.] ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kevin.king@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 54 IS 5 BP 929 EP 948 DI 10.1623/hysj.54.5.929 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 508QJ UT WOS:000270947700010 ER PT J AU de Jeu, RAM Holmes, TRH Panciera, R Walker, JP AF de Jeu, Richard A. M. Holmes, Thomas R. H. Panciera, Rocco Walker, Jeffrey P. TI Parameterization of the Land Parameter Retrieval Model for L-Band Observations Using the NAFE'05 Data Set SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE L-band radiometry; National Airborne Field Experiment (NAFE); passive microwave remote sensing; soil moisture ID VEGETATION OPTICAL DEPTH; SOIL-MOISTURE RETRIEVAL; POLARIZATION DIFFERENCE INDEX; MICROWAVE EMISSION; 1.4 GHZ; RADIOMETERS; METHODOLOGY; FREQUENCY; FIELDS; SPACE AB The Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM) has been successfully applied to retrieve soil moisture from space-borne passive microwave observations at C-, X-, or Ku-band and high incidence angles (50 degrees-55 degrees). However, LPRM had never been applied to lower angles or to L-band observations. This letter describes the parameterization and performance of LPRM using aircraft and ground data from the National Airborne Field Experiment 2005. This experiment was undertaken in November 2005 in the Goulburn River catchment, which is located in southeastern Australia. It was found that model convergence could only be achieved with a temporally dynamic roughness. The roughness was parameterized according to incidence angle and soil moisture. These findings were integrated in LPRM, resulting in one uniform parameterization for all sites. The parameterized LPRM correlated well with field observations at 5-cm depth (r = 0.93 based on all sites) with a negligible bias and an accuracy of 0.06 m(3) . m(-3). These results demonstrate comparable retrieval accuracies as the official SMOS soil-moisture retrieval algorithm (L-MEB), but without the need for the ancillary data that are required by L-MEB. However, care should be taken when using the proposed dynamic roughness model as it is based on a limited data set, and a more thorough evaluation is necessary to test the validity of this new approach to a wider range of conditions. C1 [de Jeu, Richard A. M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Hydrol & Geoenvironm Sci, NL-1081 Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Holmes, Thomas R. H.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Panciera, Rocco; Walker, Jeffrey P.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP de Jeu, RAM (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Hydrol & Geoenvironm Sci, NL-1081 Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM richard.de.jeu@falw.vu.nl; thomas.holmes@ars.usda.gov; rocco@civenv.unimelb.edu.au; walker@unimelb.edu.au RI Walker, Jeffrey/D-2624-2009; Holmes, Thomas/F-4512-2010 OI Holmes, Thomas/0000-0002-4651-0079 FU Australian Research Council [DP0557543] FX Manuscript received September 15, 2008; revised December 2, 2008 and March 8, 2009. First published May 12, 2009; current version published October 14, 2009. This work was supported in part by the Australian Research Council under Grant #DP0557543. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 630 EP 634 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2009.2019607 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506GD UT WOS:000270761500003 ER PT J AU Merlin, O Walker, JP Panciera, R Escorihuela, MJ Jackson, TJ AF Merlin, Olivier Walker, Jeffrey Phillip Panciera, Rocco Jose Escorihuela, Maria Jackson, Thomas J. TI Assessing the SMOS Soil Moisture Retrieval Parameters With High-Resolution NAFE'06 Data SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Airborne experiment; calibration; L-band radiometry; National Airborne Field Experiment (NAFE); retrieval algorithm; soil moisture; Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) ID MICROWAVE EMISSION; CROP FIELDS; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB The spatial and temporal invariance of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) forward model parameters for soil moisture retrieval was assessed at 1-km resolution on a diurnal basis with data from the National Airborne Field Experiment 2006. The approach used was to apply the SMOS default parameters uniformly over 27 1-km validation pixels, retrieve soil moisture from the airborne observations, and then to interpret the differences between airborne and ground estimates in terms of land use, parameter variability, and sensing depth. For pastures ( 17 pixels) and nonirrigated crops ( 5 pixels), the root mean square error (rmse) was 0.03 volumetric (vol./vol.) soil moisture with a bias of 0.004 vol./vol. For pixels dominated by irrigated crops ( 5 pixels), the rmse was 0.10 vol./vol., and the bias was -0.09 vol./vol. The correlation coefficient between bias in irrigated areas and the 1-km field soil moisture variability was found to be 0.73, which suggests either 1) an increase of the soil dielectric roughness ( up to about one) associated with small-scale heterogeneity of soil moisture or/and 2) a difference in sensing depth between an L-band radiometer and the in situ measurements, combined with a strong vertical gradient of soil moisture in the top 6 cm of the soil. C1 [Merlin, Olivier] Ctr Etud Spatiales Biosphere, F-31401 Toulouse, France. [Walker, Jeffrey Phillip; Panciera, Rocco] Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Jose Escorihuela, Maria] IsardSAT, Barcelona 08031, Spain. [Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA, Annapolis, MD 21409 USA. RP Merlin, O (reprint author), Ctr Etud Spatiales Biosphere, F-31401 Toulouse, France. EM olivier.merlin@cesbio.cnes.fr RI Walker, Jeffrey/D-2624-2009 FU Australian Research Council [LE0453434, LE0560930, DP0557543, DP0343778]; Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology FX The authors would like to thank the NAFE'06 participants. The NAFEs have been made possible through recent infrastructure (LE0453434 and LE0560930) and research (DP0557543) funding from the Australian Research Council, and the collaboration of a large number of scientists from throughout Australia, U. S., and Europe. Initial setup and maintenance of the study catchments was funded by a research Grant (DP0343778) from the Australian Research Council and by the Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 635 EP 639 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2009.2012727 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506GD UT WOS:000270761500004 ER PT J AU Bindlish, R Jackson, T Sun, RJ Cosh, M Yueh, S Dinardo, S AF Bindlish, Rajat Jackson, Thomas Sun, Ruijing Cosh, Michael Yueh, Simon Dinardo, Steve TI Combined Passive and Active Microwave Observations of Soil Moisture During CLASIC SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Active/passive microwave observations; hydrology; soil moisture; Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) ID VEGETATION; SENSOR; BAND AB An important research direction in advancing higher spatial resolution and better accuracy in soil moisture remote sensing is the integration of active and passive microwave observations. In an effort to address this objective, an airborne instrument, the passive/active L-band sensor (PALS), was flown over two watersheds as part of the cloud and land surface interaction campaign (CLASIC) conducted in Oklahoma in 2007. Eleven flights were conducted over each watershed during the field campaign. Extensive ground observations (soil moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation) were made concurrent with the PALS measurements. Extremely wet conditions were encountered. As expected from previous research, the radiometer-based retrievals were better than the radar retrievals. The standard error of estimates (SEEs) of the retrieved soil moisture using only the PALS radiometer data were 0.048 m(3)/m(3) for Fort Cobb (FC) and 0.067 m(3)/m(3) for the Little Washita ( LW) watershed. These errors were higher than typically observed, which is likely the result of the unusually high soil moisture and standing water conditions. The radar-only-based retrieval SEEs were 0.092 m(3)/m(3) for FC and 0.079 m(3)/m(3) for LW. Radar retrievals in the FC domain were particularly poor due to the high vegetation water content of the agricultural fields. These results indicate the potential for estimating soil moisture for low-vegetation water content domains from radar observations using a simple vegetation model. Results also showed the compatibility between passive and active microwave observations and the potential for combining the two approaches. C1 [Bindlish, Rajat] ARS, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yueh, Simon; Dinardo, Steve] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bindlish, R (reprint author), ARS, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Manuscript received September 15, 2008; revised January 22, 2009. Current version published October 14, 2009. The work described in this letter was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 10 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 644 EP 648 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2009.2028441 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506GD UT WOS:000270761500006 ER PT J AU Yueh, SH Dinardo, SJ Akgiray, A West, R Cline, DW Elder, K AF Yueh, Simon H. Dinardo, Steve J. Akgiray, Ahmed West, Richard Cline, Donald W. Elder, Kelly TI Airborne Ku-Band Polarimetric Radar Remote Sensing of Terrestrial Snow Cover SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Microwave remote sensing; radar; snow ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE RESPONSE; SIR-C/X-SAR; DRY SNOW; 35 GHZ; BACKSCATTERING; PARAMETERS; WIND AB Characteristics of the Ku-band polarimetric scatterometer (POLSCAT) data acquired from five sets of aircraft flights in the winter months of 2006-2008 for the second Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX-II) in Colorado are described in this paper. The data showed the response of the Ku-band radar echoes to snowpack changes for various types of background vegetation in the study site in north central Colorado. We observed about 0.15-0.5-dB increases in backscatter for every 1 cm of snow-water-equivalent (SWE) accumulation for areas with short vegetation (sagebrush and pasture). The region with the smaller amount of biomass, signified by the backscatter in November, seemed to have the stronger backscatter response to SWE in decibels. The data also showed the impact of surface hoar growth and freeze/thaw cycles, which created large snow-grain sizes, ice crust layers, and ice lenses and consequently increased the radar signals by a few decibels. The copolarized HH/VV backscatter ratio seems to indicate double-bounce scattering between the ground surface and snow or vegetation. The cross-polarized backscatter [vertical-horizontal (VH)] showed not only the influence of vegetation but also the strong response to snow accumulation. The observed HV/VV ratio suggests the importance of multiple scattering or nonspherical scattering geometry of snow grain in the dense-media radiative transfer scattering model. Comparison of the POLSCAT and QuikSCAT data was made and confirmed the effects of mixed terrain covers in the coarse-resolution QuikSCAT data. C1 [Yueh, Simon H.; Dinardo, Steve J.; Akgiray, Ahmed; West, Richard] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Cline, Donald W.] NOAA, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. [Elder, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Yueh, SH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM syueh@jpl.nasa.gov; Steve.Dinardo@jpl.nasa.gov; Ahmed.Akgiray@jpl.nasa.gov; richard.west@jpl.nasa.gov; Donald.Cline@noaa.gov; kelder@fs.fed.us FU National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center; U.S. Forest Service FX The work described in this paper that was performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Also, the work described here included the contributions by the National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center and the U.S. Forest Service. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD OCT PY 2009 VL 47 IS 10 BP 3347 EP 3364 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2022945 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 498JR UT WOS:000270136200006 ER PT J AU Nicholson, TL Buboltz, AM Harvill, ET Brockmeier, SL AF Nicholson, Tracy L. Buboltz, Anne M. Harvill, Eric T. Brockmeier, Susan L. TI Microarray and Functional Analysis of Growth Phase-Dependent Gene Regulation in Bordetella bronchiseptica SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE CONTROL-SYSTEM; III SECRETION; FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; TRACHEAL COLONIZATION; BIOFILM DEVELOPMENT; STATIONARY-PHASE; PERTUSSIS; EXPRESSION; LOCUS AB Growth phase-dependent gene regulation has recently been demonstrated to occur in Bordetella pertussis, with many transcripts, including known virulence factors, significantly decreasing during the transition from logarithmic to stationary-phase growth. Given that B. pertussis is thought to have derived from a Bordetella bronchiseptica-like ancestor, we hypothesized that growth phase-dependent gene regulation would also occur in B. bronchiseptica. Microarray analysis revealed and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed that growth phase-dependent gene regulation occurs in B. bronchiseptica, resulting in prominent temporal shifts in global gene expression. Two virulence phenotypes associated with these gene expression changes were tested. We found that growth-dependent increases in expression of some type III secretion system (TTSS) genes led to a growth phase-dependent increase in a TTSS-dependent function, cytotoxicity. Although the transcription of genes encoding adhesins previously shown to mediate adherence was decreased in late-log and stationary phases, we found that the adherence of B. bronchiseptica did not decrease in these later phases of growth. Microarray analysis revealed and qRT-PCR confirmed that growth phase-dependent gene regulation occurred in both Bvg(+) and Bvg(-) phase-locked mutants, indicating that growth phase-dependent gene regulation in B. bronchiseptica can function independently from the BvgAS regulatory system. C1 [Nicholson, Tracy L.; Brockmeier, Susan L.] ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Buboltz, Anne M.; Harvill, Eric T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Buboltz, Anne M.] Penn State Univ, Grad Program Biochem Microbiol & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Nicholson, TL (reprint author), ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tracy.nicholson@ARS.USDA.GOV FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI053075-01A1, R01 AI053075-02, R01 AI053075-05, R01 AI053075-03, R01 AI053075, R01 AI053075-04]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM083113-01, R01 GM083113, R01 GM083113-03, R01 GM083113-02] NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 77 IS 10 BP 4221 EP 4231 DI 10.1128/IAI.00136-09 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 496ER UT WOS:000269952800006 PM 19667046 ER PT J AU Cheng, LW Stanker, LH Henderson, TD Lou, JL Marks, JD AF Cheng, Luisa W. Stanker, Larry H. Henderson, Thomas D., II Lou, Jianlong Marks, James D. TI Antibody Protection against Botulinum Neurotoxin Intoxication in Mice SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TOXIN TYPE-A; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IN-VITRO; SUBUNIT; IDENTIFICATION; ANTITOXIN; VACCINES; SUBTYPES; MILK AB Adulteration of food or feed with any of the seven serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a potential bioterrorism concern. Currently, there is strong interest in the development of detection reagents, vaccines, therapeutics, and other countermeasures. A sensitive immunoassay for detecting BoNT serotype A (BoNT/A), based on monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) F1-2 and F1-40, has been developed and used in complex matrices. The epitope for F1-2 has been mapped to the heavy chain of BoNT/A, and the epitope of F1-40 has been mapped to the light chain. The ability of these MAbs to provide therapeutic protection against BoNT/A intoxication in mouse intravenous and oral intoxication models was tested. High dosages of individual MAbs protected mice well both pre- and postexposure to BoNT/A holotoxin. A combination therapy consisting of antibodies against both the light and heavy chains of the toxin, however, significantly increased protection, even at a lower MAb dosage. An in vitro peptide assay for measuring toxin activity showed that pretreatment of toxin with these MAbs did not block catalytic activity but instead blocked toxin entry into primary and cultured neuronal cells. The timing of antibody rescue in the mouse intoxication models revealed windows of opportunity for antibody therapeutic treatment that correlated well with the biologic half-life of the toxin in the serum. Knowledge of BoNT intoxication and antibody clearance in these mouse models and understanding of the pharmacokinetics of BoNT are invaluable for future development of antibodies and therapeutics against intoxication by BoNT. C1 [Cheng, Luisa W.; Stanker, Larry H.; Henderson, Thomas D., II] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Lou, Jianlong; Marks, James D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Cheng, LW (reprint author), ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM luisa.cheng@ars.usda.gov FU National Institutes of Health [U01 AI056493]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [200-2006-16697] FX This work was partially supported by National Institutes of Health cooperative agreement U01 AI056493 and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention contract 200-2006-16697 to J. D. M. NR 31 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 77 IS 10 BP 4305 EP 4313 DI 10.1128/IAI.00405-09 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 496ER UT WOS:000269952800014 PM 19651864 ER PT J AU Sampedro, F Geveke, DJ Fan, XT Zhang, HQ AF Sampedro, Fernando Geveke, David J. Fan, Xuetong Zhang, Howard Q. TI Effect of PEF, HHP and thermal treatment on PME inactivation and volatile compounds concentration of an orange juice-milk based beverage SO INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE PEF; HHP; Orange juice; Milk; Pectin methyl esterase; Volatile compounds ID PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PECTIN METHYL-ESTERASE; HIGH-PRESSURE; CLOUD STABILITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHYLESTERASE; KINETICS; PECTINMETHYLESTERASE; PECTINESTERASES; PURIFICATION AB The effects of thermal, pulsed electric field (PEF) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing on pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity and volatile compounds concentration in an orange juice-milk beverage were studied. Thermal treatment (85 degrees C, 1 min), PEF treatment (25 kV/cm, 65 degrees C) or HHP treatment (650 MPa, 50 degrees C) were needed to inactivate 90% of PME. Twelve volatile compounds were extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and selected for quantification by GC-MS following the application of the different treatments. The average loss in concentration of volatile compounds was between 16.0 and 43.0% after thermal treatment. After PEF treatment the average loss was between -13.7 and 8.3% at 25 degrees C, 5.8 and 21.0% at 45 degrees C and 11.6 and 30.5% at 65 degrees C. After HHP treatment the average loss was between -14.2 and 7.5% at 30 degrees C and 22.9 and 42.3% at 50 degrees C. The results showed the potential of the nonthermal technologies in providing food with a higher standard of quality compared to thermal processing. Industrial relevance: The use of nonthermal technologies as an alternative to heat processing in the pasteurisation of beverages has acquired relevance in the last years. In this manuscript, we have shown that PEF treatment could achieve a high degree of PME inactivation in an orange juice based beverage, while better preserving the natural aroma than HHP and thermal treatments. PEF processing has an enormous potential to pasteurise fruit juice and preserve its natural quality characteristics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Geveke, David J.; Fan, Xuetong; Zhang, Howard Q.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Sampedro, Fernando] CSIC, Inst AgroChem & Food Technol, Valencia 46100, Spain. RP Zhang, HQ (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM howard.zhang@ars.usda.gov FU Food Safety Intervention Technologies Unit at the Eastern Regional Research Centre, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture FX This research was supported by the Food Safety Intervention Technologies Unit at the Eastern Regional Research Centre, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. The author is grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science for providing a pre-doctoral grant to the first author. The technical assistance of Glenn Boyd, Kim Sokorai, Zareena Azhuvalappil and Dr. Dike Ukuku is gratefully acknowledged. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-8564 J9 INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG JI Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 463 EP 469 DI 10.1016/j.ifset.2009.05.006 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 504MI UT WOS:000270620600010 ER PT J AU Begum, K Li, B Beeman, RW Park, Y AF Begum, Khurshida Li, Bin Beeman, Richard W. Park, Yoonseong TI Functions of ion transport peptide and ion transport peptide-like in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone CHH; RNA interference; Reproduction; Neuropeptide; Beetle; Development ID HORMONE GENE LEADS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HYPERGLYCEMIC-HORMONE; PERIPHERAL NEURONS; EXPRESSION; ECDYSIS; COLEOPTERA; INSECTS; FAMILY; CDNA AB Ion transport peptide (ITP) and ITP-like (ITPL) are highly conserved neuropeptides in insects and crustaceans. We investigated the alternatively spliced variants of ITP/ITPL in Tribolium castaneum to understand their functions. We identified three alternatively spliced transcripts named itp, itpl-1, and itpl-2. Expression patterns of the splice variants investigated by exon-specific in situ hybridization were somewhat different from those previously reported in other insect species. Most importantly, we found for the first time that itpl-1 transcripts are abundantly expressed in the midgut at the late larval stage, showing an expression pattern similar to that of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) in the crab Carcinus maenas. CHH was shown to function by increasing the body volume through fluid absorption, resulting in breakage of the outer shell at the time of molt. Exon-specific RNA interference (RNAi) was designed to distinguish between itp and itpl-1, but we were unable to design a dsRNA uniquely targeting or uniquely excluding itpl-2; therefore, RNAi targeting was limited to either itp/itpl-2 or itpl-1/itpl-2. For dsRNA injections in the larval stages, either RNAi led to gradually increasing mortality in the larval and pupal stages, with 100% cumulative mortality at the time of eclosion or shortly afterward. Developmental deficiencies in the adult tarsal segments were observed after RNAi suppressing either itp/itpl-2 or itpl-1/itpl-2. After dsRNA injections at the pupal stage, the most striking observation was a significant reduction in egg numbers (8% of control) and reduced survival of the offspring (5%) in RNAi targeting itpl-1/itpl-2, while a milder degree of the same phenotype was observed in that targeting itp/itpl-2. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Begum, Khurshida; Li, Bin; Park, Yoonseong] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Beeman, Richard W.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Park, Y (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ypark@ksu.edu RI Park, Yoonseong/J-5861-2013 OI Park, Yoonseong/0000-0003-1191-7335 FU USDA-NRI-CSREES [2007-35604-17759] FX We thank Dr. Kun Yan Zhu and anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticisms of an earlier version of this paper. This work was supported by USDA-NRI-CSREES 2007-35604-17759. This article is contribution no. 09-351-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. All programs and services of the US Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis, without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status or handicap. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 39 IS 10 BP 717 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.08.005 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 518RN UT WOS:000271710900007 PM 19715761 ER PT J AU Cornman, RS Willis, JH AF Cornman, R. S. Willis, J. H. TI Annotation and analysis of low-complexity protein families of Anopheles gambiae that are associated with cuticle SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cuticular protein; Anopheles gambiae; gene expression; gene family; concerted evolution ID CUTICULAR PROTEINS; R CONSENSUS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PUPAL CUTICLE; BOMBYX-MORI; GENE; EXPRESSION; GENOME; SEQUENCES; INSECTS AB We have characterized four new families of homologous genes of the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, all of which include members shown by previous work to be cuticular in nature. The CPLCG, CPLCW, CPLCP, and CPLCA families (where CPLC is 'cuticular protein of low complexity') encode proteins with a high proportion of low-complexity sequence. We have also annotated the An. gambiae Tweedle genes, a family of cuticular protein genes first described in Drosophila, and additional ungrouped An. gambiae cuticular proteins identified by proteomics. Our annotations reveal multiple gene-family expansions that are specific to Diptera or Culicidae. The CPLCG and CPLCW families occur within a large and dynamic tandem array on chromosome 3R that includes sets of concertedly evolving genes. Most gene families exhibit two or more different expression profiles during development. C1 [Cornman, R. S.; Willis, J. H.] Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cornman, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, BARC W Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM scott.cornman@gmail.com FU National Institutes of Health [A155624] FX Toru Togawa and Aaron Emmons provided technical assistance. Toru Togawa also provided access to previously published data in raw format. Jay Evans and Monica Poelchau provided helpful comments, and the manuscript was further improved by the critique of three anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (A155624) to J. H. W. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5 BP 607 EP 622 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00902.x PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 494IO UT WOS:000269806100006 PM 19754739 ER PT J AU Norton, J Glenn, N Germino, M Weber, K Seefeldt, S AF Norton, J. Glenn, N. Germino, M. Weber, K. Seefeldt, S. TI Relative suitability of indices derived from Landsat ETM+ and SPOT 5 for detecting fire severity in sagebrush steppe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE Rangeland; Spectral sensitivity; Land cover; Satellite; Burn severity ID NORMALIZED BURN RATIO; ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; AFRICAN SAVANNAS; INTERIOR ALASKA; SCAR DETECTION; FOREST; COVER; LANDSCAPE; IMAGERY; SOIL AB Remote sensing indices of burn area and fire severity have been developed and tested for forest ecosystems, but not sparsely vegetated, desert shrub-steppe in which large wildfires are a common occurrence and a major issue for land management. We compared the performance of remote sensing indices for detecting burn area and fire severity with extensive ground-based cover assessments made before and after the prescribed burning of a 3 km(2) shrub-steppe area. The remote sensing indices were based on either Landsat 7 ETM+ or SPOT 5 data, using either single or multiple dates of imagery. The indices delineating burned versus unburned areas had better overall, User, and Producer's accuracies than indices delineating levels of fire severity. The Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) calculated from SPOT had the greatest overall accuracy (100%) in delineating burned versus unburned areas. The relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) using Landsat ETM+ provided the highest accuracies (73% overall accuracy) for delineating fire severity. Though SPOT's spatial resolution likely conferred advantages for determining burn boundaries, the higher spectral resolution (particularly band 7, 2.21 mu m) of Landsat ETM+ may be necessary for detecting differences in fire severity in sparsely vegetated shrub-steppe. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Glenn, N.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Norton, J.] Power Engineers, Hailey, ID 83333 USA. [Germino, M.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Weber, K.] Idaho State Univ, GIS TReC, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Seefeldt, S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Glenn, N (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, 332 E Front St,Suite 240, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM glennanc@isu.edu RI Germino, Matthew/F-6080-2013; Glenn, Nancy/B-4491-2014 OI Glenn, Nancy/0000-0003-2124-7654 FU NASA [NNG05GB05G] FX Funding for this research was provided by NASA grant # NNG05GB05G. The authors would like to thank the United Stated Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Station's Sheep Experiment Station in Dubois, Idaho, for assistance and coordination with the study area and organizing the prescribed fire. The authors also thank Penny Gneiting, Jamen Underwood, and Jacob. Tibbitts for assistance in field sampling. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 11 IS 5 BP 360 EP 367 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2009.06.005 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 496JK UT WOS:000269967000007 ER PT J AU Rooney, AP Price, NPJ Ehrhardt, C Swezey, JL Bannan, JD AF Rooney, Alejandro P. Price, Neil P. J. Ehrhardt, Christopher Swezey, James L. Bannan, Jason D. TI Phylogeny and molecular taxonomy of the Bacillus subtilis species complex and description of Bacillus subtilis subsp inaquosorum subsp nov. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL SYSTEMATICS; SOUTHERN SPAIN; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; STRAINS; AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS; RECLASSIFICATION; LICHENIFORMIS; DEFINITION; VELEZENSIS; DIVERSITY AB The Bacillus subtilis species complex is a tight assemblage of closely related species. For many years, it has been recognized that these species cannot be differentiated on the basis of phenotypic characteristics. Recently, it has been shown that phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene also fails to differentiate species within the complex due to the highly conserved nature of the gene, yet DNA-DNA hybridization values fall well below 70% for the same species comparisons. As a complementary approach, we propose that phylogenetic analysis of multiple protein-coding loci can be used as a means to detect and differentiate novel Bacillus taxa. Indeed, our phylogenetic analyses revealed the existence of a previously unknown group of strains closely related to, but distinct from, Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii. Results of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the group produces a novel surfactin-like lipopeptide with mass m/z 1120.8 that is not produced by the other currently recognized subspecies. In addition, the group displayed differences in the total cellular content of the fatty acids C(16:0) and iso-C(17:1)omega 10c that distinguish it from the closely related B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii. Consequently, the correlation of these novel phenotypic traits with the phylogenetic distinctiveness of this previously unknown subspecies group showed that phylogenetic analysis of multiple protein-coding loci can be used as a means to detect and differentiate novel Bacillus taxa. Therefore, we propose that this new group should be recognized as representing a novel taxon, Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum subsp. nov., with the type strain NRRL B-23052(T) (=KCTC 13429(T) =BGSC 3A28(T)). C1 [Rooney, Alejandro P.; Swezey, James L.] USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Price, Neil P. J.] USDA ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Ehrhardt, Christopher] Fed Bur Invest Acad, Counterterrorism & Forens Sci Res Unit, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. [Bannan, Jason D.] Fed Bur Invest, Chem Biol Sci Unit, Lab Div, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. RP Rooney, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM alejandro.rooney@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 49 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 25 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 59 BP 2429 EP 2436 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.009126-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 511ZL UT WOS:000271211000009 PM 19622642 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Sun, QR Wei, W Davis, RE Wu, W Liu, QZ AF Zhao, Yan Sun, Qingrong Wei, Wei Davis, Robert E. Wu, Wei Liu, Qingzhong TI 'Candidatus Phytoplasma tamaricis', a novel taxon discovered in witches'-broom-diseased salt cedar (Tamarix chinensis Lour.) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; PHYLOGENETIC POSITIONS; ASTER YELLOWS; RFLP ANALYSIS; 1ST REPORT; CLASSIFICATION; SUBGROUPS; INFECTION; PLANTS AB Salt cedar trees with pronounced witches'-broom symptoms were observed in their natural habitat in China. 16S rRNA gene sequences unique to phytoplasmas were detected in every DNA sample extracted from stem and leaf tissues of the symptomatic trees, revealing a direct association between phytoplasma infection and the salt cedar witches'-broom (SCWB) disease. Phylogenetic analysis of the SCWB phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the SCWB phytoplasma belonged to a subclade consisting of several mutually distinct 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' taxa including 'Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum', 'Ca. Phytoplasma mali', 'Ca. Phytoplasma pyri' and 'Ca. Phytoplasma spartii'. Pairwise sequence similarity scores calculated from an alignment of near full-length 16S rRNA genes revealed that SCWB phytoplasma shared 96.6 % or less sequence similarity with each previously described or proposed 'Ca. Phytoplasma' taxon, justifying the recognition of SCWB phytoplasma as a novel taxon, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma tamaricis'. The distinct virtual RFLP pattern derived from the SCWB phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene sequence, together with its lower-than-threshold similarity coefficient values with RFLP patterns of any of the 29 previously established groups, supported the recognition of a new 16Sr group, designated 16SrXXX, salt cedar witches'-broom phytoplasma group. C1 [Zhao, Yan; Sun, Qingrong; Wei, Wei; Davis, Robert E.; Wu, Wei; Liu, Qingzhong] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sun, Qingrong; Liu, Qingzhong] Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An 271000, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 59 BP 2496 EP 2504 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.010413-0 PN 10 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 511ZL UT WOS:000271211000022 PM 19622657 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Wei, W Lee, IM Shao, J Suo, XB Davis, RE AF Zhao, Yan Wei, Wei Lee, Ing-Ming Shao, Jonathan Suo, Xiaobing Davis, Robert E. TI Construction of an interactive online phytoplasma classification tool, iPhyClassifier, and its application in analysis of the peach X-disease phytoplasma group (16SrIII) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CANDIDATUS-PHYTOPLASMA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; STRAIN CLUSTER; WITCHES-BROOM; ASTER YELLOWS; SEQUENCE HETEROGENEITY; GENE-SEQUENCES; RFLP ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION AB Phytoplasmas, the causal agents of numerous plant diseases, are insect-vector-transmitted, cell-wall-less bacteria descended from ancestral low-G+C-content Gram-positive bacteria in the Bacillus-Clostridium group. Despite their monophyletic origin, widely divergent phytoplasma. lineages have evolved in adaptation to specific ecological niches. Classification and taxonomic assignment of phytoplasmas have been based primarily on molecular analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences because of the inaccessibility of measurable phenotypic characters suitable for conventional microbial characterization. In the present study, an interactive online tool, iPhyClassifier, was developed to expand the efficacy and capacity of the current 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phytoplasma. classification system. iPhyClassifier performs sequence similarity analysis, simulates laboratory restriction enzyme digestions and subsequent gel electrophoresis and generates virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles. Based on calculated RFLP pattern similarity coefficients and overall sequence similarity scores, iPhyClassifier makes instant suggestions on tentative phytoplasma. 16Sr group/subgroup classification status and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' species assignment. Using iPhyClassifier, we revised and updated the classification of strains affiliated with the peach X-disease phytoplasma. group. The online tool can be accessed at http://www.ba.ars.usda.gov/data/mppl/iPhyClassifier.html. C1 [Zhao, Yan; Wei, Wei; Lee, Ing-Ming; Shao, Jonathan; Suo, Xiaobing; Davis, Robert E.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 169 Z9 183 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 59 BP 2582 EP 2593 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.010249-0 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 511ZL UT WOS:000271211000034 PM 19622670 ER PT J AU Hanula, JL Horn, S Taylor, JW AF Hanula, James L. Horn, Scott Taylor, John W. TI Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense) Removal and its Effect on Native Plant Communities of Riparian Forests SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Nonnative; invasive; exotic; restoration; diversity; species richness ID INVASIVE SHRUB; LONICERA-MAACKII; UNDERSTORY PLANTS; TREE SEEDLINGS; DIVERSITY; GROWTH; INVASIBILITY; ABUNDANCE; IMPACT; ZONES AB Chinese privet is a major invasive shrub within riparian zones throughout the southeastern United States. We removed privet shrubs from four riparian forests in October 2005 with a Gyrotrac (R) mulching machine or by hand-felling with chainsaws and machetes to determine how well these treatments controlled privet and how they affected plant community recovery. One year after shrub removal a foliar application of 2% glyphosate was applied to privet remaining in the herbaceous layer. Three "desired-future-condition" plots were also measured to assess how well treatments shifted plant communities toward a desirable outcome. Both methods completely removed privet from the shrub layer without reducing nonprivet shrub cover and diversity below levels on the untreated control plots. Nonprivet plant cover on the mulched plots was > 60% by 2007, similar to the desired-future-condition plots and higher than the hand-felling plots. Both treatments resulted in higher nonprivet plant cover than the untreated controls. Ordination showed that after 2 yr privet removal plots were tightly grouped, suggesting that the two removal techniques resulted in the same plant communities, which were distinctly different from both the untreated controls and the desired-future-condition. Both treatments created open streamside forests usable for recreation and other human activities. However, much longer periods of time or active management of the understory plant communities, or both, will be required to change the forests to typical mature forest plant communities. C1 [Hanula, James L.; Horn, Scott] Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Taylor, John W.] Forest Serv, USDA, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Hanula, JL (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jhanula@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service FX We thank Randy Smith (Sandy Creek Nature Center), Jim Affolter (State Botanical Garden of Georgia), Mike Hunter (Warnell School of Forest Resources), and Bill Nightingale (Oconee National Forest) for allowing us to work on the properties they manage. Mike Cody, Chris Crowe, Danny Dyer, Michele Frank, Jared Swain, and Mike Ulyshen helped us with plot setup, privet control, and sampling. We also thank the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Special Technology Development Program for funding the work. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 53 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 292 EP 300 DI 10.1614/IPSM-09-028.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V17PE UT WOS:000207948300002 ER PT J AU Ward, SM Fleischmann, CE Turner, MF Sing, SE AF Ward, Sarah M. Fleischmann, Caren E. Turner, Marie F. Sing, Sharlene E. TI Hybridization between Invasive Populations of Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dalmatica) and Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hybridization; invasive plant; ISSR; morphometric analysis AB Although there is evidence that interspecific hybridization can initiate invasion by nonnative plants, there are few documented examples of novel hybridization events between introduced plant species already exhibiting invasive behavior. We conducted morphometric and molecular analyses of toadflax plants with intermediate morphology found at two sites in Montana, which were co-invaded by yellow toadflax and Dalmatian toadflax. Field-collected putative hybrid plants had intermediate morphometric scores (mean 0.47, on a scale of 0.0 = indistinguishable from Dalmatian toadflax to 1.0 = indistinguishable from yellow toadflax) for a suite of phenotypic traits that differentiate the parent species (leaf length : width ratio, growth form, seed morphology, inflorescence type, and ventral petal shape). Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis of a subset of these putative hybrids revealed combinations of species-diagnostic bands, confirming the presence of DNA from both parent species. Controlled interspecific hand-pollinations generated viable first generation (F-1) hybrid plants that also had intermediate morphometric scores (mean 0.46) and a mix of species-diagnostic ISSR bands from both parents. The hand-generated F-1 hybrids crossed readily with both parent species to produce viable first generation backcrossed (BC1) plants. Our results confirm that hybridization is occurring between invasive populations of yellow toadflax and Dalmatian toadflax, and that the hybrid progeny are viable and fertile. This example of hybridization between alien congeners is of concern as the parent taxa are already known to be highly invasive. Further research is needed to assess the invasive potential of hybrid toadflax populations, and the likelihood of introgressive trait transfer between the parent species. C1 [Ward, Sarah M.; Fleischmann, Caren E.; Turner, Marie F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sing, Sharlene E.] USDA USFS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Ward, SM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sarah.ward@colostate.edu NR 56 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 22 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 EI 1939-747X J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1614/IPSM-09-031.1 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V17PE UT WOS:000207948300011 ER PT J AU Stevens, JM Fehmi, JS AF Stevens, Jason M. Fehmi, Jeffrey S. TI Competitive Effect of Two Nonnative Grasses on a Native Grass in Southern Arizona SO INVASIVE PLANT SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Competition; invasiveness; grass invasion AB Invasive buffelgrass, potentially invasive natalgrass, and the native grass Arizona cottontop were evaluated for their competitive response to one another in southern Arizona. Targets and neighbors were transplanted in a full-factorial randomized complete-block design consisting of nine pairwise combinations and each species alone (n = 120). Plant pairs were separated by 5 cm and allowed to grow during the 2007 monsoon season (101 d). Aboveground biomass, reproduction, and Arizona cottontop water-potential data were collected. Buffelgrass neighbors reduced aboveground biomass production and reproductive output significantly more than did intraspecific neighbors (P < 0.05), whereas natalgrass neighbors did not significantly affect Arizona cottontop biomass production or reproductive output (P > 0.05). Cottontop and buffelgrass had no significant effect on natalgrass biomass. Similarly, cottontop and natalgrass neighbors had no neighbor effect on the biomass of buffelgrass. Arizona cottontop plants that neighbored buffelgrass averaged a significantly lower water-potential value of -3.18 MPa (P < 0.05), compared with -1.17, -0.93, and -1.32 MPa for control plants (i.e., those with no neighbor), intraspecific neighbors, and natalgrass neighbors, respectively. Although buffelgrass competitive ability is consistent with its invasiveness when grown with native Arizona cottontop, natalgrass was an intermediate competitor. This suggests that natalgrass is less of a competitive threat to native perennial grasses than buffelgrass, but that it may be more tolerant to resource depletion (i.e., the presence of buffelgrass) relative to Arizona cottontop. C1 [Stevens, Jason M.; Fehmi, Jeffrey S.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Rangeland & Forest Resources Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Stevens, JM (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, 742 S Clover Rd, Williams, AZ 86046 USA. EM jasonstevens@fs.fed.us OI Fehmi, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0618-9740 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 1939-7291 J9 INVAS PLANT SCI MANA JI Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 379 EP 385 DI 10.1614/IPSM-09-022.1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V17PE UT WOS:000207948300012 ER PT J AU Azzi, A AF Azzi, Angelo TI Can Resveratrol Extend Your Life? SO IUBMB LIFE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SIRTUINS; MOLECULE; SPAN C1 [Azzi, Angelo] Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Azzi, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Off 622, JM USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM angelo.azzi@tufts.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1521-6543 J9 IUBMB LIFE JI IUBMB Life PD OCT PY 2009 VL 61 IS 10 BP 1010 EP 1011 DI 10.1002/iub.250 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 507DX UT WOS:000270832600010 PM 19787705 ER PT J AU Porch, TG Ramirez, VH Santana, D Harmsen, EW AF Porch, T. G. Ramirez, V. H. Santana, D. Harmsen, E. W. TI Evaluation of Common Bean for Drought Tolerance in Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE drought stress; evapotranspiration; Phaseolus vulgaris; yield indices ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; RESISTANCE; REGISTRATION; SELECTION; CULTIVARS; YIELD; LANDRACES AB Drought tolerance is an increasingly important trait in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) due to the reduction in water resources, a shift in production areas and increasing input costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate 29 genotypes for drought tolerance under drought stress (DS) and reduced stress treatments in Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico. The use of DS and reduced stress treatments facilitated the identification of drought tolerant germplasm that also had good yield potential under more optimal conditions. Based on the results of seed yield under DS and reduced stress conditions, and DS indices, including the geometric mean (GM), stress tolerance index (STI) and percent yield reduction (YR), genotypes were identified with greater yield potential under the tested environment. Based on average GM over the 2 years, the superior common bean genotypes identified were SEA 5, G 21212, A 686, SEN 21 and SER 21. These genotypes performed well in both years and under both treatment conditions and thus may serve as parents for DS improvement and genetic analysis. C1 [Porch, T. G.] ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Ramirez, V. H.] Univ Santa Rosa Cabal, Agron Program, Risaralda, Colombia. [Santana, D.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Math, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Harmsen, E. W.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Porch, TG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM timothy.porch@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-TSTAR [TSTAR 100]; NOAA-CREST [NA17AE1625]; USDA Hatch [H402] FX The authors thank Abraham Montes, Adolfo Quiles and Carlos Almodovar for their assistance with the field trials and Steve Beebe for providing germplasm from CIAT. Partial funding for this research was provided by a USDA-TSTAR grant (TSTAR 100). Research at the University of Puerto Rico was additionally funded by a NOAA-CREST grant, NA17AE1625, and a USDA Hatch grant, H402.Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 195 IS 5 BP 328 EP 334 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2009.00375.x PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 490IW UT WOS:000269495400002 ER PT J AU Kojima, CJ Jenkins, SJ Cooper, TA Roberts, MP Carroll, JA Kattesh, HG AF Kojima, C. J. Jenkins, S. J. Cooper, T. A. Roberts, M. P. Carroll, J. A. Kattesh, H. G. TI Effects of syndyphalin-33 on feed intake and circulating measures of growth hormone, cortisol, and immune cell populations in the recently weaned pig SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE appetite; opioid; pig; stress; weaning ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; AGOUTI-RELATED PROTEIN; KAPPA-OPIOID-RECEPTOR; BETA-ENDORPHIN; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; GENE-EXPRESSION; MORPHINE; RATS; SECRETION; BEHAVIOR AB The synthetic met-enkephalin syndyphalin-33 (SD-33) increases feed intake in sheep and transiently increases circulating GH concentrations in sheep, rats, and pigs. Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of SD-33 on recently weaned pigs. In a preliminary experiment, pigs were administered SD-33 (0.5 mu mol/kg, given intramuscularly) or saline immediately before a 3-h transport and subsequent placement into group pens. Treatment with SD-33 increased (P = 0.01) daily feed intake; cumulatively, pen intake over 7 d postweaning tended (P = 0.06) to be greater than in control pens. In Exp. 2, pigs were weaned and fitted with jugular catheters. The following day, pigs were treated with SD-33 or saline as described above. Transient increases (P < 0.05) in circulating concentrations of GH (at 1 and 1.5 h postinjection) and cortisol (at 3.5 and 4 h postinjection) were observed in pigs treated with SD-33 relative to controls. No difference in feed intake was observed between treatments over 4 d postinjection. Increased (P < 0.05) numbers of circulating neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were observed in both treatment groups over 4 d postinjection, and treatment with SD-33 tended (P = 0.07) to selectively increase monocyte numbers. Although SD-33 has potential to be used to increase feed intake and decrease the negative effects of stress during weaning in pigs, further investigation is needed to better understand the timing of effect and to rule out possible immunosuppressive effects. C1 [Kojima, C. J.; Jenkins, S. J.; Cooper, T. A.; Roberts, M. P.; Kattesh, H. G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Carroll, J. A.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Kojima, CJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ckojima@utk.edu NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 87 IS 10 BP 3218 EP 3225 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2033 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 495YW UT WOS:000269933500018 PM 19542501 ER PT J AU Fincham, JR Fontenot, JP Swecker, WS Herbein, JH Neel, JPS Scaglia, G Clapham, WM Notter, DR AF Fincham, J. R. Fontenot, J. P. Swecker, W. S. Herbein, J. H. Neel, J. P. S. Scaglia, G. Clapham, W. M. Notter, D. R. TI Fatty acid metabolism and deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissue of pasture- and feedlot-finished cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; conjugated linoleic acid; fatty acid; pasture-finishing; time on feed ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; FORAGE-CONCENTRATE RATIO; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; MILK-FAT; STEARIC-ACID; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; ABOMASAL INFUSION; DUODENAL FLOW; VACCENIC ACID; BLOOD-LIPIDS AB An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pasture finishing versus feedlot finishing, over time, on fatty acid metabolism in Angus crossbred steers (n = 24). Ruminal fluid, serum, and adipose tissue biopsies were obtained on d 0, 28, 84, and 140. Pasture forages and diet ingredient samples were obtained at 14-d intervals to determine nutritive value and fatty acid composition. The feedlot diet consisted of corn silage, cracked corn grain, soybean meal, and a vitamin and mineral supplement. The pasture-finished steers grazed sequentially on triticale (x Triticosecale rimpaui)/annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa)/orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), and a cool-season grass/legume mixture. The feedlot diet contained an average of 57% of total fatty acids as linoleic acid and 2% as linolenic acid. The pasture forages contained 9% of total fatty acids as linoleic acid and 66% as linolenic acid. Concentrations (% of total fatty acids) of linolenic acid were greater (P < 0.05) in ruminal fluid, serum, and adipose tissue of the pasture-finished steers, compared with the feedlot-finished steers. Concentrations (% of total fatty acids) of cis-9, trans-11 CLA were greater (P < 0.05) in adipose tissue of the pasture-finished steers than feedlot-finished steers. Concentrations of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in adipose tissue declined (P < 0.05) in the feedlot-finished steers from d 0 to 28 to 84. In the pasture-finished steers, concentrations of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in adipose tissue (mg/g of tissue) peaked (P < 0.05) on d 28 and remained elevated (ranged from 9.91 to 12.80 mg/g of tissue) throughout the duration of the study. In the pasture-finished steers, linolenic acid concentrations tended to peak (P = 0.07) on d 28 and remained elevated (ranged from 0.64 to 0.80% of total fatty acids) throughout the study. It appears that only a short time is needed to alter the n-3 and CLA composition of adipose tissue in cattle finished on pasture. C1 [Fincham, J. R.; Fontenot, J. P.; Scaglia, G.; Notter, D. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Swecker, W. S.] Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Herbein, J. H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Neel, J. P. S.; Clapham, W. M.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Fontenot, JP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cajunjoe@vt.edu RI Swecker, William/K-8186-2016 OI Swecker, William/0000-0003-4044-7563 FU USDA-ARS; West Virginia University; Clemson University FX The research, funded in part by USDA-ARS, was part of a regional initiative, Pasture-Based Beef Systems for Appalachia, a collaboration among Virginia Tech, USDA-ARS (Beaver, WV), West Virginia University, and Clemson University. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 87 IS 10 BP 3259 EP 3277 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1277 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 495YW UT WOS:000269933500023 PM 19617512 ER PT J AU Marucco, F Pletscher, DH Boitani, L Schwartz, MK Pilgrim, KL Lebreton, JD AF Marucco, Francesca Pletscher, Daniel H. Boitani, Luigi Schwartz, Michael K. Pilgrim, Kristy L. Lebreton, Jean-Dominique TI Wolf survival and population trend using non-invasive capture-recapture techniques in the Western Alps SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alps; Canis lupus; capture-recapture; genetic; monitoring; population size; survival; wolves ID CANIS-LUPUS; MOLECULAR TRACKING; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; DYNAMICS; CONSERVATION; RELATEDNESS; NUMBERS; SAMPLES; MODELS; WOLVES AB 1. Reliable estimates of population parameters are often necessary for conservation management but these are hard to obtain for elusive, rare and wide-ranging species such as wolves Canis lupus. This species has naturally recolonized parts of its former habitat in Western Europe; however, an accurate and cost-effective method to assess population trend and survival has not been implemented yet. 2. We used open-model capture-recapture (CR) sampling with non-invasive individual identifications derived from faecal genotyping to estimate survival and trend in abundance for wolves in the Western Alps between 1999 and 2006. Our sampling strategy reduced individual heterogeneity in recaptures, thus minimizing bias and increasing the precision of the estimates. 3. Young wolves had lower apparent annual survival rates (0.24 +/- 0.06) than adult wolves (0.82 +/- 0.04); survival rates were lower in the summer than in the winter for both young and adults. The wolf population in the study area increased from 21 +/- 9.6 wolves in 1999 to 47 +/- 11.2 wolves in late winter 2005; the population growth rate (lambda = 1.04 +/- 0.27) was lower than that recorded for other recolonizing wolf populations. 4. We found a positive trend in wolf abundance, regardless of the method used. However, the abundance estimate based on snow-tracking was on average 36.2% (SD = 13.6%) lower than that from CR modelling, because young dispersing wolves are likely to have lower sign detection rates in snow-track surveys, a problem adequately addressed by CR sampling. 5. Synthesis and applications. We successfully implemented a new method to assess large carnivore population trend and survival at large spatial scales. These are the first such estimates for wolves in Italy and in the Alps and have important management implications. Our approach can be widely applied to broader spatial and temporal scales for other elusive and wide-ranging species in Europe and elsewhere. C1 [Marucco, Francesca] Ctr Gest Conservaz Grandi Carnivori, I-12010 Valdieri, Italy. [Marucco, Francesca; Pletscher, Daniel H.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Boitani, Luigi] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Human & Anim Biol, Rome, Italy. [Schwartz, Michael K.; Pilgrim, Kristy L.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Lebreton, Jean-Dominique] CNRS, JD, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. RP Marucco, F (reprint author), Ctr Gest Conservaz Grandi Carnivori, Parco Nat Alpi Marittime, I-12010 Valdieri, Italy. EM francesca.marucco@centrograndicarnivori.it RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU Piemonte Region, Italy FX This study was developed within a multi-year wolf monitoring project 'Progetto Lupo Piemonte', funded by the Piemonte Region, Italy. We thank the Alpi Marittime Natural Park for the management of the project, the Alta Valle Pesio Natural Park, Italy and the Mercantour National Park, France, for logistical support and. eld work. Special thanks are extended to the sta. of the Progetto Lupo Piemonte and to B. Lequette. Genetic analyses were conducted by the INFS, Italy and by USFS RMRS Genetics Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. We thank C. Engkjer for laboratory work and R. Choquet and K. Grifin for assistance in CR analysis. K. V. Karanth, M. Lindberg and two anonymous referees provided useful suggestions. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 8 U2 57 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1003 EP 1010 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01696.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 502AB UT WOS:000270425100011 ER PT J AU Mauget, S Zhang, J Ko, JH AF Mauget, Steve Zhang, John Ko, Jonghan TI The Value of ENSO Forecast Information to Dual-Purpose Winter Wheat Production in the US Southern High Plains SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL CLIMATE FORECASTS; GRAZING SYSTEMS-MODEL; EL-NINO; UNITED-STATES; GRAIN-YIELD; SIMULATING GRAIN; BEEF-PRODUCTION; OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION AB The value of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecast information to southern high plains winter wheat and cattle-grazing production systems was estimated here by simulation. Although previous work has calculated average forecast value, the approach here was to estimate probabilities of the value of single forecasts from value distributions associated with categorical ENSO forecast conditions. A simple ENSO-phase forecast system's value was compared with that of an ideal forecast method that exactly predicted the tercile category of regional November-March precipitation. Simulations were conducted for four price scenarios with wheat prices that randomly varied about a historical ($3.22 per bushel) and elevated ($7.00 per bushel) mean and with returns on live weight gain that are consistent with the grain producer leasing pasturage or owning cattle. In the simulations at $3.22 per bushel, the best practices for specific forecast conditions varied with cattle-ownership conditions. However, the ENSO-phase system's value distributions were comparable to that of the perfect forecast system; thus more-accurate regional precipitation forecasts may not lead to more forecast value at the farm level. In the simulations at $7.00 per bushel, even perfect categorical forecasts produced only minor profit effects, a result that is attributed here to an increased profit margin rather than to increased wheat value. Under both wheat-price conditions, however, the best no-forecast baseline practices are also shown to have value relative to an arbitrarily chosen management practice. Thus, following practices optimized to climatic conditions and current price and cost conditions might increase profits when no forecast information is available. C1 [Mauget, Steve] ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Zhang, John] ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, USDA, El Reno, OK USA. [Ko, Jonghan] ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Mauget, S (reprint author), ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, USDA, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM steve.mauget@ars.usda.gov FU Ogallala Aquifer Program; USDA Agricultural Research Service; Kansas State University; Texas AgriLife Research; Texas AgriLife Extension Service; Texas Tech University; West Texas AM University FX This research was supported in part by the Ogallala Aquifer Program, a consortium among the USDA Agricultural Research Service, Kansas State University, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas Tech University, and West Texas A&M University. Thanks are given to David Lust of West Texas A&M and Herman Synatsch for their insights and advice about wheat and cattle production in the southern high plains region. Thanks are also given to preliminary reviewers for their comments. All figures were produced using Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel and Smith 1995). NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 48 IS 10 BP 2100 EP 2117 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2018.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 513SE UT WOS:000271342700007 ER PT J AU Borchardt, MA Spencer, SK Bertz, PD Ware, MW Dubey, JP Lindquist, HDA AF Borchardt, M. A. Spencer, S. K. Bertz, P. D. Ware, M. W. Dubey, J. P. Lindquist, H. D. Alan TI Concentrating Toxoplasma gondii and Cyclospora cayetanensis from surface water and drinking water by continuous separation channel centrifugation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE concentration; continuous centrifugation; coccidian parasites; C; cayetanensis; drinking water; T; gondii; waterborne pathogens ID UNITED-STATES; OOCYSTS; OUTBREAK; PCR; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; MICROSPORIDIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PURIFICATION; SPOROCYSTS; GIARDIA AB Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of continuous separation channel centrifugation for concentrating Toxoplasma gondii and Cyclospora cayetanensis from drinking water and environmental waters. Methods and Results: Ready-to-seed vials with known quantities of T. gondii and C. cayetanensis oocysts were prepared by flow cytometry. Oocysts were seeded at densities ranging from 1 to 1000 oocysts l= 84% in 10 l volumes of drinking water. In source waters, recoveries ranged from 64% to 100%, with the lowest recoveries in the most turbid waters. Method precision was between 10% and 20% coefficient of variation. Conclusion: Toxoplasma gondii and C. cayetanensis are effectively concentrated from various water matrices by continuous separation channel centrifugation. Significance and Impact of the Study: Waterborne transmission of T. gondii and C. cayetanensis presents another challenge in producing clean drinking water and protecting public health. Detection of these parasites relies on effectively concentrating oocysts from ambient water, otherwise false negatives may result. Validation data specific to T. gondii and C. cayetanensis concentration methods are limited. Continuous separation channel centrifugation recovers oocysts with high efficiency and precision, the method attributes required to accurately assess the risk of waterborne transmission. C1 [Borchardt, M. A.; Spencer, S. K.; Bertz, P. D.] Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Ware, M. W.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lindquist, H. D. Alan] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Borchardt, MA (reprint author), Marshfield Med Res Fdn, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM borchardt.mark@mcrf.mfldclin.edu FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation [CR827937-01-0] FX Baxter Healthcare Corporation kindly provided the Amicus centrifuge. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under CR827937-01-0 to Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation. This manuscript has been subjected to Agency review and has been approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The authors thank Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation for its support through the assistance of Linda Weis and Alice Stargardt in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 1089 EP 1097 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04316.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 493IP UT WOS:000269730300004 PM 19486387 ER PT J AU Anderson, RC Krueger, NA Byrd, JA Harvey, RB Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Nisbet, DJ AF Anderson, R. C. Krueger, N. A. Byrd, J. A. Harvey, R. B. Callaway, T. R. Edrington, T. S. Nisbet, D. J. TI Effects of thymol and diphenyliodonium chloride against Campylobacter spp. during pure and mixed culture in vitro SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocides; Campylobacter; cell injury; sub-lethal injury; mechanism of action; metabolism ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ESSENTIAL OILS; JEJUNI COLONIZATION; FEEDLOT CATTLE; DIARYLIODONIUM CHEMICALS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; LAIDLOMYCIN PROPIONATE; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; IONOPHORES MONENSIN; RUMEN FERMENTATION AB Aims: To determine if the purported deaminase inhibitors diphenyliodonium chloride (DIC) and thymol reduce the growth and survivability of Campylobacter. Methods and Results: Growth rates of Campylobacter jejuni and Camp. coli were reduced compared to unsupplemented controls during culture in Muellar-Hinton broth supplemented with 0 center dot 25 mu mol DIC or thymol ml 5 log(10) CFU from controls after 24 h pure culture in Bolton broth supplemented with 0 center dot 25 or 1 center dot 0 mu mol DIC ml 3 log(10) CFU from controls after 24 h mixed culture with porcine faecal microbes in Bolton broth supplemented with 0 center dot 25 or 1 center dot 0 mu mol DIC ml= 2 antimicrobials) was observed to as few as two and as many as eight antimicrobials regardless of class. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that dogs and cats are commonly colonized with antimicrobial resistant enterococci. Significance and Impact of the Study: Dogs and cats may act as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes that can be transferred from pets to people. C1 [Jackson, C. R.; Fedorka-Cray, P. J.; Davis, J. A.; Barrett, J. B.; Frye, J. G.] ARS, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jackson, CR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM charlene.jackson@ars.usda.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 36 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 EI 1365-2672 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 1269 EP 1278 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04310.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 493IP UT WOS:000269730300023 PM 19486402 ER PT J AU Young, ME AF Young, Martin E. TI Anticipating anticipation: pursuing identification of cardiomyocyte circadian clock function SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE chronobiology; contraction; gene expression; heart; triglyceride ID HIGH-FAT DIET; BLOOD-PRESSURE; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MYOCARDIAL-METABOLISM; CONTRACTILE FUNCTION; HEART-RATE; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; PERIPHERAL-TISSUES; MUTANT MICE AB Young ME. Anticipating anticipation: pursuing identification of cardiomyocyte circadian clock function. J Appl Physiol 107: 1339-1347, 2009. First published July 16, 2009; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00473.2009.-Diurnal rhythms in myocardial physiology (e.g., metabolism, contractile function) and pathophyiology (e.g., sudden cardiac death) are well establish and have classically been ascribed to time-of-day-dependent alterations in the neurohumoral milieu. Existence of an intramyocellular circadian clock has recently been exposed. Circadian clocks enable the cell to anticipate environmental stimuli, facilitating a timely and appropriate response. Generation of genetically modified mice with a targeted disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock has provided an initial means for deciphering the functions of this transcriptionally based mechanism and allowed predictions regarding which environmental stimuli the heart anticipates (i.e., "anticipating anticipation"). Recent studies show that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock influences myocardial gene expression, beta-adrenergic signaling, transcriptional responsiveness to fatty acids, triglyceride metabolism, heart rate, and cardiac output, as well as ischemia-reperfusion tolerance. In addition to reviewing current knowledge regarding the roles of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock, this article highlights putative frontiers in this field. The latter includes establishing molecular links between the cardiomyocyte circadian clock with identified functions, understanding the pathophysiological consequences of disruption of this mechanism, targeting resynchronization of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock for prevention/treatment of cardiovascular disease, linking the circadian clock with the cardio-beneficial effects of caloric restriction, and determining whether circadian clock genes are subject to epigenetic regulation. Information gained from studies investigating the cardiomyocyte circadian clock will likely translate to extracardiac tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM meyoung@bcm.edu RI Ji, Haofeng/G-6206-2012 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-074259]; US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [6250-51000-044]; Kraft Inc. FX This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-074259), the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (6250-51000-044), and Kraft Inc. NR 81 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 107 IS 4 BP 1339 EP 1347 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00473.2009 PG 9 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 507LD UT WOS:000270854000042 PM 19608929 ER PT J AU Ukabi, S Whitford, WG Steinberger, Y AF Ukabi, S. Whitford, W. G. Steinberger, Y. TI Faunalpedturbation effects on soil microarthropods in the Negev Desert SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Catena; Cryptostigmatids; Ecological engineers; Prostigmatids; Soil mites; Taxonomic diversity; Taxonomic richness ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ANNUAL PLANTS; ECOSYSTEM; ANTS; VARIABILITY; NEMATODES; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE; MOISTURE AB Soil microarthropod communities in seed-harvester ant-nest (Messor spp.) soils and pits excavated by porcupines (Hystrix indica) were examined on a hill-slope catena in the Negev Desert to test the hypothesis that animal-produced soil disturbances increase abundance and diversity of soil biota. There were significantly fewer arthropods and lower taxonomic diversity of soil microarthropods at the top and mid-slope locations, with no consistent patterns of abundance between cool-wet and hot-dry seasons. Some prostigmatids, cryptostigmatids, and other arthropods in ant-nest, porcupine-pit, and undisturbed soils were more abundant in wet than dry seasons at some locations but more abundant in the hot-dry season at other locations and sample sites. Seven prostigmatid mite families that were relatively abundant in undisturbed soils were absent or of low abundance in ant-nest modified and porcupine-pit soils at mid- and low-slope catena locations. The data result in rejection of the hypothesis. However, the significant effects of topographic position on the catena on soil microarthropod communities emphasize the importance of examining broad spatial patterns and temporal variation before making generalizations about the effects of ecological engineers on and ecosystem structure and function. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ukabi, S.; Steinberger, Y.] Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Whitford, W. G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Steinberger, Y (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM steinby@mail.biu.ac.il FU International Arid Lands Consortium [Y410375-04R-22] FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor John Anthony Wallwork, who inspired us to study microarthropods of and regions of the world. This study was supported by Grant no. Y410375-04R-22 from the International Arid Lands Consortium. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 10 BP 907 EP 911 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.001 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477LP UT WOS:000268520900005 ER PT J AU Rao, LE Parker, DR Bytnerowicz, A Allen, EB AF Rao, L. E. Parker, D. R. Bytnerowicz, A. Allen, E. B. TI Nitrogen mineralization across an atmospheric nitrogen deposition gradient in Southern California deserts SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Decomposition; Invasive grass; Mineralization model; Mojave; Nutrients; Sonoran ID ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS PRODUCTION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MOJAVE DESERT; SOIL-NITROGEN; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; N-MINERALIZATION; ANNUAL PLANTS; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; PATAGONIAN STEPPE AB Dry nitrogen deposition is common in arid ecosystems near urban and agricultural centers, yet its impacts on natural environments are relatively understudied. We examined the effects of N deposition on soil N mineralization across a depositional gradient at Joshua Tree National Park. We hypothesized that N deposition affects N mineralization by promoting exotic grass invasion and increasing soil carbon and nitrogen. These relationships were tested through a laboratory incubation on soils collected from sixteen sites where atmospheric N. soil characteristics, and annual vegetation were measured. Mineralization parameters modeled using the Gompertz model were compared to soil C, soil N, estimated soil N from deposition, and percent cover of exotic and native annuals. Calculated soil N from deposition was directly correlated with measured soil C and N and decreasing C:N ratios, which were associated with increased total amounts of mineralized N. However, no effects of soil C or N, and thus N deposition, were observed on mineralization rates. Exotic grasses, but not native forbs or total annual cover, increased with soil C, soil N, and total mineralized N, suggesting that exotic grasses and N deposition are correlated and associated with increasing total C and N in the interspace soils at polluted locations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Allen, E. B.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bytnerowicz, A.] USFS Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Rao, L. E.; Parker, D. R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Allen, EB (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM edith.allen@ucr.edu RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 FU National Park Service PIMS [72123]; NSF DEB [04-21530]; University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Exotic Pests and Diseases Program FX This research was funded by the National Park Service PIMS No. 72123, NSF DEB 04-21530, and the University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Exotic Pests and Diseases Program. This manuscript was substantially improved by comments provided by D. Jenerette and T. Meixner as well as two anonymous reviewers. Thanks to Mark Fenn for providing additional N deposition data, to the undergraduate assistants who helped with laboratory extractions, and to the members of the E. Allen laboratory for field support. NR 84 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 10 BP 920 EP 930 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.007 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477LP UT WOS:000268520900007 ER PT J AU Abomoelak, B Hoye, EA Chi, J Marcus, SA Laval, F Bannantine, JP Ward, SK Daffe, M Di Liu, H Talaat, AM AF Abomoelak, Bassam Hoye, Elizabeth A. Chi, Jing Marcus, Sarah A. Laval, Francoise Bannantine, John P. Ward, Sarah K. Daffe, Mamadou Di Liu, Hong Talaat, Adel M. TI mosR, a Novel Transcriptional Regulator of Hypoxia and Virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; GENOME; MICE; IDENTIFICATION; MACROPHAGES; DORMANCY; PROTEIN; GROWTH; TRANSFORMATION AB Latent tuberculosis represents a high-risk burden for one-third of the world population. Previous analysis of murine tuberculosis identified a novel transcriptional regulator encoded by Rv0348 that could control the establishment of persistent tuberculosis. Disruption of the Rv0348 gene from the genome of the virulent H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed a global impact on the transcriptional profiles of 163 genes, including induction of the mammalian cell entry (mce1) operon and the repression of a significant number of genes involved in hypoxia and starvation responses. Nonetheless, gel shift assays did not reveal direct binding between Rv0348 and a set of regulated promoters, suggesting an indirect regulatory role. However, when expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis, the Rv0348 transcripts were significantly responsive to different levels of hypoxia and the encoded protein was shown to regulate genes involved in hypoxia [e.g., Rv3130c (tgs1)] and intracellular survival (e.g., mce1), among other genes. Interestingly, the colonization level of the Delta mosR mutant strain was significantly lower than that of the wild-type strain of M. tuberculosis, suggesting its attenuation in the murine model of tuberculosis. Taken together, our analyses indicated that the Rv0348 gene encodes a novel transcriptional factor that regulates several operons involved in mycobacterial survival, especially during hypoxia; hence, we propose that Rv0348 be renamed mosR for regulator of mycobacterial operons of survival. C1 [Abomoelak, Bassam; Hoye, Elizabeth A.; Chi, Jing; Marcus, Sarah A.; Ward, Sarah K.; Di Liu, Hong; Talaat, Adel M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Lab Bacterial Genom, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Laval, Francoise; Daffe, Mamadou] CNRS, Inst Pharmacol & Biol Struct, F-31077 Toulouse, France. [Laval, Francoise; Daffe, Mamadou] Univ Toulouse 3, F-31077 Toulouse, France. [Bannantine, John P.] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Talaat, Adel M.] Cairo Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Food Hyg, Cairo, Egypt. RP Talaat, AM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Lab Bacterial Genom, Room 303,1656 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM atalaat@wisc.edu OI Marcus, Sarah/0000-0002-3795-0806; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; [NIH-R21AI066235] FX This work was partially supported by NIH-R21AI066235 and Animal Formula Funds awarded to A.M.T. Portions of this work were also funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 191 IS 19 BP 5941 EP 5952 DI 10.1128/JB.00778-09 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 493HC UT WOS:000269725800007 PM 19648248 ER EF