FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mullins, MA Register, KB Bayles, DO Loving, CL Nicholson, TL Brockmeier, SL Dyer, DW Phillips, GJ AF Mullins, Michael A. Register, Karen B. Bayles, Darrell O. Loving, Crystal L. Nicholson, Tracy L. Brockmeier, Susan L. Dyer, David W. Phillips, Gregory J. TI Characterization and Comparative Analysis of the Genes Encoding Haemophilus parasuis Outer Membrane Proteins P2 and P5 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; INFLUENZAE; SEQUENCE; SWINE; ADHESIN; PHYLOGENIES; SEROVARS; STRAINS AB Haemophilus parasuis is a swine pathogen of significant industry concern, but little is known about how the organism causes disease. A related human pathogen, Haemophilus influenzae, has been better studied, and many of its virulence factors have been identified. Two of these, outer membrane proteins P2 and P5, are known to have important virulence properties. The goals of this study were to identify, analyze, and compare the genetic relatedness of orthologous genes encoding P2 and P5 proteins in a diverse group of 35 H. parasuis strains. Genes encoding P2 and P5 proteins were detected in all H. parasuis strains evaluated. The predicted amino acid sequences for both P2 and P5 proteins exhibit considerable heterogeneity, particularly in regions corresponding to predicted extracellular loops. Twenty-five variants of P2 and 17 variants of P5 were identified. The P2 proteins of seven strains were predicted to contain a highly conserved additional extracellular loop compared to the remaining strains and to H. influenzae P2. Antigenic-site predictions coincided with predicted extracellular loop regions of both P2 and P5. Neighbor-joining trees constructed using P2 and P5 sequences predicted divergent evolutionary histories distinct from those predicted by a multilocus sequence typing phylogeny based on partial sequencing of seven housekeeping genes. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR indicated that both genes are expressed in all of the strains. C1 [Register, Karen B.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Project, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Bayles, Darrell O.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Dyer, David W.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Biomed Res Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Phillips, Gregory J.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Res Project, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70,2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Karen.Register@ars.usda.gov FU NIH/NCRR [P2PRR016478]; National Pork Board; Iowa Healthy Livestock Initiative FX This work was supported, in part, by grants from the NIH/NCRR (D.W. Dyer; grant no. P2PRR016478), the National Pork Board (G.J. Phillips and D.W. Dyer), and the Iowa Healthy Livestock Initiative (G.J. Phillips and K.B. Register). NR 51 TC 18 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 191 IS 19 BP 5988 EP 6002 DI 10.1128/JB.00469-09 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 493HC UT WOS:000269725800011 PM 19633080 ER PT J AU Aldrich, JR Le, TC Zhang, QH Torres, J Winterton, SL Han, BY Miller, GL Chauhan, KR AF Aldrich, Jeffrey Richard Le, Thanh C. Zhang, Qing-He Torres, Jorge Winterton, Shaun L. Han, Baoyu Miller, Gary L. Chauhan, Kamlesh R. TI Prothoracic Gland Semiochemicals of Green Lacewings SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pheromone; Allomone; Tridecene; Skatole; Iridodial; Amide; Chemotaxonomy; Predator; Biosynthesis; Neuroptera; Chrysopidae ID MALE-PRODUCED PHEROMONE; DEFENSIVE SECRETION; CHRYSOPA-OCULATA; ALARM PHEROMONE; NEUROPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; HYMENOPTERA; ATTRACTANT; VESPIDAE AB Adult chrysopids have paired prothoracic glands (PG) that are thought to produce defensive secretions (allomones). We analyzed PG extracts of the following green lacewings from North and South America, Australia, and China: Ceraeochrysa cubana (Brazil); Chrysopa (= Co.) oculata, Co. nigricornis, Co. incompleta, Co. quadripunctata (USA), and Co. septempunctata (China); Chrysoperla (= Cl.) rufilabris (USA) and Cl. sp. (Brazil); Plesiochrysa ramburi and Mallada spp. (Australia). PG secretions are characteristic for species within a genus, except for Chrysopa spp. (Z)-4-Tridecene is ubiquitous, but (Z,Z)-4,7-tridecadiene is a major PG constituent in some Chrysopa spp. and in P. ramburi. Earlier reports that Co. oculata and Co. nigricornis produce 1-tridecene were shown to be in error. Chrysopa PG secretions are distinguished by the presence or absence of N-3-methylbutylacetamide, plus skatole (3-methylindole). Skatole is also identified for the first time from the Plesiochrysa and Ceraeochrysa. The PG secretion in Plesiochrysa ramburi is characterized by the presence of (Z)-4-undecene instead of (Z)-4-tridecene, and N-3-methylbutylpropanamide instead of the acetamide, resembling the PG secretions of Chrysopa nigricornis, Co. septempunctata and Co. incompleta. The chemotaxonomic value of PG semiochemicals is discussed, including evidence for subgroups within the genus Chrysopa as it now stands. C1 [Aldrich, Jeffrey Richard; Le, Thanh C.; Chauhan, Kamlesh R.] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zhang, Qing-He] Sterling Int Inc, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. [Torres, Jorge] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, DEPA Entomol, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Winterton, Shaun L.] Entomol Collect, Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Han, Baoyu] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Tea Res Inst, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Miller, Gary L.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Aldrich, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007,Rm301 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jeffrey.aldrich@ars.usda.gov RI Winterton, Shaun/C-3804-2009 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1181 EP 1187 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9701-x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522XU UT WOS:000272034300004 PM 19844760 ER PT J AU Boroczky, K Crook, DJ Jones, TH Kenny, JC Zylstra, KE Mastro, VC Tumlinson, JH AF Boeroeczky, Katalin Crook, Damon J. Jones, Tappey H. Kenny, Joshua C. Zylstra, Kelley E. Mastro, Victor C. Tumlinson, James H. TI Monoalkenes as Contact Sex Pheromone Components of the Woodwasp Sirex noctilio SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sirex noctilio; Mating behavior; Cuticular lipids; Contact sex pheromone components; Hymenoptera; Siricidae ID HYMENOPTERA-SIRICIDAE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; HYDROCARBONS; WASP AB A pheromone on the cuticle of females of the woodwasp Sirex noctilio, a recently introduced pest of pines in North America, induces conspecific males to attempt copulation. Dead females washed with hexane did not elicit copulation attempts from males, whereas reapplication of a female hexane body wash onto the cuticle of dead females elicited copulation attempts by 65% of males tested. Analysis of the hexane extract revealed saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons as major components of the female cuticle. Behavior-guided fractionation of the female body wash led to the identification of three components, (Z)-7-heptacosene, (Z)-7-nonacosene, and (Z)-9-nonacosene, of the sex pheromone of S. noctilio that elicited copulatory responses from males. C1 [Boeroeczky, Katalin; Tumlinson, James H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Crook, Damon J.; Mastro, Victor C.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Jones, Tappey H.; Kenny, Joshua C.] Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Chem, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. [Zylstra, Kelley E.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, N Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. RP Boroczky, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM katalin.by@gmail.com RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 FU USDA APHIS PPQ FX This research was supported by USDA APHIS PPQ. We thank Robert D. Minard at the Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility at The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences of The Pennsylvania State University very kindly for providing the high resolution mass spectrometry data. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1202 EP 1211 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9693-6 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522XU UT WOS:000272034300007 PM 19802644 ER PT J AU Sullivan, BT Mori, K AF Sullivan, Brian T. Mori, Kenji TI Spatial Displacement of Release Point can Enhance Activity of an Attractant Pheromone Synergist of a Bark Beetle SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aggregation; endo-Brevicomin; Dendroctonus frontalis; Flight behavior; Host location; Pheromone synergist; Scolytidae; Semiochemical ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; ATTACK BEHAVIOR; BAITED TRAPS; ENDO-BREVICOMIN; PEST-MANAGEMENT; LODGEPOLE PINE; SCOLYTIDAE AB Flight responses of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, to widely-spaced (> 130 m) traps baited with pine volatiles (in turpentine) and the female-produced pheromone component frontalin were enhanced when a bait containing the male pheromone component (+)-endo-brevicomin was attached directly to the trap. However, displacing this bait 4-16 m horizontally from the trap significantly increased its synergistic effect. (+)-endo-Brevicomin enhanced catch to the same degree when the bait was positioned either on the trap or 32 m away. In another experiment, pairs of frontalin/turpentine-baited traps were established with 4 m spacing between traps and > 100 m spacing between pairs. Attachment of either a racemic or (+)-endo-brevicomin bait to one trap of a pair caused a significant increase in catch by both traps, but catch in the trap lacking endo-brevicomin was increased more than in its endo-brevicomin-baited twin. In a third experiment, widely-spaced groups of three traps (in a line with 1 and 4 m spacing between the middle and outer traps) were baited uniformly with frontalin and turpentine, and the release rate of (+)-endo-brevicomin from the middle trap was varied across three orders of magnitude. Release rates sufficient to enhance total D. frontalis catch by the trio also caused relatively higher catches to occur in the outer traps than in the middle one. These experiments indicated that both male and female D. frontalis fly to and land preferentially at sources of frontalin and host odors when these are located some distance away from a source of endo-brevicomin. This behavior may have evolved in D. frontalis to allow host-seeking beetles to locate growing, multi-tree infestations while avoiding fully-colonized trees within these infestations. Our data demonstrate that trap spacing alone can qualitatively change the outcome of bait evaluation trials and may explain why many earlier experiments with endo-brevicomin failed to identify it as an aggregation pheromone synergist for D. frontalis. We believe that important aggregative functions of semiochemicals of other bark beetle species may have been similarly overlooked due to choice of experimental procedures. C1 [Sullivan, Brian T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Mori, Kenji] Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130023, Japan. RP Sullivan, BT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM briansullivan@fs.fed.us NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1222 EP 1233 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9705-6 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522XU UT WOS:000272034300009 PM 19902305 ER PT J AU Cook, D Gardner, DR Ralphs, MH Pfister, JA Welch, KD Green, BT AF Cook, Daniel Gardner, Dale R. Ralphs, Michael H. Pfister, James A. Welch, Kevin D. Green, Benedict T. TI Swainsoninine Concentrations and Endophyte Amounts of Undifilum oxytropis in Different Plant Parts of Oxytropis sericea SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Locoweed; Swainsonine; Endophyte; Oxytropis sericea; qPCR ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; EMBELLISIA-OXYTROPIS; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; LOCOWEED; SYMBIOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; ASTRAGALUS; RYEGRASS; SPP. AB Locoweeds are Astragalus and Oxytropis species that contain the toxic alkaloid swainsonine. Swainsonine accumulates in all parts of the plant with the highest concentrations found in the above ground parts. A fungal endophyte, Undifilum oxytropis, found in locoweed plant species, is responsible for the synthesis of swainsonine. By using quantitative PCR, the endophyte can be quantified in locoweed species. Endophyte amounts differ between plant parts and in some instances do not mirror the concentrations of swainsonine in the corresponding parts. Two groups of Oxytropis sericea were identified: one that accumulated high concentrations of swainsonine and another where swainsonine was not detected, or concentrations were near the detection threshold. The plants with high swainsonine concentrations had quantitatively higher amounts of endophyte. Alternatively, plants with low or no swainsonine detected had quantitatively lower endophyte amounts. In addition, swainsonine and endophyte concentrations were not distributed uniformly within the same plant when separated into stalks (leaves, scape(s), and flowers/pods). These findings provide evidence as to why plants in the same population accumulate different concentrations of swainsonine, and they have important implications for sampling of locoweed plants. C1 [Cook, Daniel; Gardner, Dale R.; Ralphs, Michael H.; Pfister, James A.; Welch, Kevin D.; Green, Benedict T.] ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Cook, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM daniel.cook@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 29 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1272 EP 1278 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9710-9 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522XU UT WOS:000272034300014 PM 19904570 ER PT J AU Iqbal, M Schiewer, S Cameron, R AF Iqbal, Muhammad Schiewer, Silke Cameron, Randall TI Mechanistic elucidation and evaluation of biosorption of metal ions by grapefruit peel using FTIR spectroscopy, kinetics and isotherms modeling, cations displacement and EDX analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosorption; grapefruit peel; sorption mechanism; kinetic parameters; heavy metals; wastewater ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ORANGE PEEL; REMOVAL; WASTE; EQUILIBRIUM; ADSORBENTS; ADSORPTION; PECTIN; COPPER; DERIVATIVES AB BACKGROUND: The performance and mechanism of the biosorptive removal of Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) from aqueous solution using grapefruit peel (GFP) as a new biosorbent was investigated by using different experimental approaches, such as potentiometric titration, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, chemical blocking of functional groups and concomitant release of cations (Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+), K(+)) from GFP with metal (Ni(2+), Zn(2+)) uptake. RESULTS: GFP removed Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) rapidly, with 84.73% and 92.46% of the equilibrium sorption being reached in 30 min for Ni(2+) and Zn(2+), respectively. The equilibrium process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model, with maximum sorption capacity of 1.33 and 1.51 meq g(-1) for Ni(2+) and Zn(2+), respectively. Release of cations (Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+), K(+)) and protons H(+) from GFP during uptake of Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) and EDX analysis of GFP before and after metal sorption revealed that the main mechanism of sorption was ion exchange. FTIR spectroscopy showed that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were involved in the sorption of Ni(2+) and Zn(2+). Blocking of these groups revealed that carboxylic group was responsible for 78.57% and 73.31% of Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) removal, respectively whereas 22.63% and 28.54% was due to the hydroxyl group. The GFP could be regenerated using 0.1 mol L(-1) HCl, with more than 98% metal recovery and reused for five cycles without any significant loss in its initial sorption capacity. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that GFP has promising potential for use as an efficient and cost-effective biosorbent for the removal and recovery of Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) from aqueous solution. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Iqbal, Muhammad] Biotechnol & Food Res Ctr, Environm Biotechnol Grp, Lahore 54600, Pakistan. [Iqbal, Muhammad; Schiewer, Silke] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Cameron, Randall] ARS, USDA, SAA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Res Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Iqbal, M (reprint author), Biotechnol & Food Res Ctr, Environm Biotechnol Grp, PCSIR Labs Complex,Ferozepur Rd, Lahore 54600, Pakistan. EM iqbalm@fulbrightmail.org RI Iqbal, Muhammad/I-7992-2015; OI Schiewer, Silke/0000-0002-5402-4433 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-35504-16092] FX M.I is extremely grateful to the Fulbright Foundation, USA, for providing a Visiting Research Fellowship for conducting this research. This research was supported in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, grant number 2005-35504-16092. The authors are also deeply obliged for the analytical support rendered by Mr Shane Billings, Lab Manger at Water and Environmental Research Centre, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1516 EP 1526 DI 10.1002/jctb.2212 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 501SY UT WOS:000270403800013 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Kano, R Baddley, JW Moser, SA Marr, KA Alexander, BD Andes, D Kontoyiannis, DP Perrone, G Peterson, S Brandt, ME Pappas, PG Chiller, T AF Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Kano, Rui Baddley, John W. Moser, Stephen A. Marr, Kieren A. Alexander, Barbara D. Andes, David Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P. Perrone, Giancarlo Peterson, Stephen Brandt, Mary E. Pappas, Peter G. Chiller, Tom TI Molecular Identification of Aspergillus Species Collected for the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELL; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; SP NOV.; FUMIGATUS; LENTULUS; PCR AB A large aggregate collection of clinical isolates of aspergilli (n = 218) from transplant patients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis was available from the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network, a 6-year prospective surveillance study. To determine the Aspergillus species distribution in this collection, isolates were subjected to comparative sequence analyses by use of the internal transcribed spacer and beta-tubulin regions. Aspergillus fumigatus was the predominant species recovered, followed by A. flavus and A. niger. Several newly described species were identified, including A. lentulus and A. calidoustus; both species had high in vitro MICs to multiple antifungal drugs. Aspergillus tubingensis, a member of the A. niger species complex, is described from clinical specimens; all A. tubingensis isolates had low in vitro MICs to antifungal drugs. C1 [Balajee, S. Arunmozhi; Kano, Rui; Brandt, Mary E.; Chiller, Tom] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Baddley, John W.; Pappas, Peter G.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Moser, Stephen A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Baddley, John W.] Birmingham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL USA. [Marr, Kieren A.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Marr, Kieren A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Alexander, Barbara D.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Andes, David] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Perrone, Giancarlo] CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod, Bari, Italy. [Peterson, Stephen] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G 11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fir3@cdc.gov RI Moser, Stephen/A-1168-2008; Perrone, Giancarlo/O-7475-2014 OI Perrone, Giancarlo/0000-0002-3841-6066 FU Nihon University in Japan; NIH [K23AI064613] FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 18 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 47 IS 10 BP 3138 EP 3141 DI 10.1128/JCM.01070-09 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 501BC UT WOS:000270351700009 PM 19675215 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Scheckel, KG Barbarick, KA AF Ippolito, James A. Scheckel, Kirk G. Barbarick, Ken A. TI Selenium adsorption to aluminum-based water treatment residuals SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Inner-sphere complexation; Outer-sphere complexation; Selenate; Selenite; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SELENATE ADSORPTION; BEARING MINERALS; SOILS; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOSPHORUS; MECHANISMS; REDUCTION; PHOSPHATE; SORPTION AB Aluminum-based water treatment residuals (WTR) can adsorb water- and soil-borne P, As(V), As(III), and perchlorate, and may be able to adsorb excess environmental selenium. WTR, clay minerals, and amorphous aluminum hydroxide were shaken for 24 h in selenate or selenite solutions at pH values of 5-9. and then analyzed for selenium content. Selenate and selenite adsorption edges were unaffected across the pH range studied. Selenate adsorbed on to WTR, reference mineral phases, and amorphous aluminum hydroxide occurred as outer sphere complexes (relatively loosely bound), while selenite adsorption was identified as inner-sphere complexation (relatively tightly bound). Selenite sorption to WTR in an anoxic environment reduced Se(IV) to Se(0), and oxidation of Se(0) or Se(IV) appeared irreversible once sorbed to WTR. AI-based WTR could play a favorable role in sequestering excess Se in affected water sources. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ippolito, James A.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Scheckel, Kirk G.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. [Barbarick, Ken A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; Scheckel, Kirk/C-3082-2009 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; Scheckel, Kirk/0000-0001-9326-9241 FU US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSERC; University of Washington; Simon Fraser University; Advanced Photon Source FX The authors acknowledge the continued research support from Fort Collins, Colorado. The PNC/XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. A portion of this research was conducted by the National Risk Management Research Laboratory of the US NR 50 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 EI 1095-7103 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 338 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.06.023 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 489DX UT WOS:000269401200007 PM 19589535 ER PT J AU Virgin, JE Van Slyke, TM Lombard, JE Zadoks, RN AF Virgin, J. E. Van Slyke, T. M. Lombard, J. E. Zadoks, R. N. TI Short communication: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection in US bulk tank milk SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); dairy cow; bulk tank milk; NAHMS ID MASTITIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; SAMPLES; HUMANS; MRSA AB Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of mastitis in dairy cattle. This study estimated the herd prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) among US dairy herds by testing bulk tank milk (BTM) samples using genotypic and phenotypic methods. A nationally representative sample of 542 operations had BTM cultured for Staph. aureus, and 218 BTM samples were positive upon initial culture. After 4 wk to 4 mo of frozen storage, 87% of 218 samples (n = 190) were still culture positive for Staph. aureus on blood agar, but none were positive for MRSA on the selective indicator medium CHROMagar MRSA. A duplex PCR was used to detect the Staph. aureus-specific nuc gene and the methicillin resistance gene, mecA, in mixed staphylococcal isolates from the 190 BTM samples that were positive for Staph. aureus after storage. Seven samples tested positive for nuc and mecA, and 2 samples tested positive for mecA only. MecA-positive Staphylococcus spp., but not MRSA, were subsequently isolated from 5 samples, whereas neither mecA-positive Staphylococcus spp. nor MRSA was isolated from the remaining 4 samples. Presence of methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. may complicate the detection of MRSA by means of PCR on BTM. Bulk tank milk in the United States is not a common source of MRSA. C1 [Virgin, J. E.; Lombard, J. E.] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Virgin, J. E.; Lombard, J. E.] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Van Slyke, T. M.; Zadoks, R. N.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Qual Milk Prod Serv, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Lombard, JE (reprint author), USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jason.e.lombard@aphis.usda.gov OI Zadoks, Ruth/0000-0002-1164-8000 NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 92 IS 10 BP 4988 EP 4991 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2290 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 495XA UT WOS:000269927500030 PM 19762816 ER PT J AU Behle, RW Compton, DL Laszlo, JA Shapiro-Ilan, DI AF Behle, Robert W. Compton, David L. Laszlo, Joseph A. Shapiro-Ilan, David I. TI Evaluation of Soyscreen in an Oil-Based Formulation for UV Protection of Beauveria bassiana Conidia SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Soyscreen; formulation; UV screen ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; FIELD CONDITIONS; PERSISTENCE; SUNLIGHT; COLEOPTERA; STABILITY AB Soyscreen oil was studied as a formulation ingredient to protect Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin conidia from UV degradation. Feruloylated soy glycerides, referred to as Soyscreen oil, are biobased UV-absorbing molecules made by combining molecules of soybean oil with ferulic acid. Conidia stored in Soyscreen oil for 28 wk at 25, 30, and 35 degrees C retained viability as well as conidia stored in sunflower oil, demonstrating that Soyscreen did not adversely affect viability with prolonged storage. For samples applied to glass and exposed to simulated sunlight (xenon light), conidia in sunflower oil with or without sunscreens (Soyscreen or oxyl methoxycinnimate) had similar conidia viability after exposure. These oil formulations retained conidia viability better than conidia applied as an aqueous treatment. However, the 10% Soyscreen oil formulation applied to field grown cabbage (Brassiva oleracea L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants, did not improve residual insecticidal activity compared with aqueous applications of unformulated conidia or two commercial formulations when assayed against Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) larvae. Our results suggest that the oil applications lose UV protection because the oil was absorbed by the leaf. This conclusion was supported in subsequent laboratory exposures of conidia in oil-based formulations with UV screens applied to cabbage leaves or balsa wood, which lost protection as measured by decreased viability of conidia when exposed to simulated sunlight. As a result, additional formulation techniques such as encapsulation to prevent separation of the protective oil from the conidia may be required to extend protection when oil formulations are applied in the field. C1 [Behle, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Compton, David L.; Laszlo, Joseph A.] USDA ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Behle, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ Ave, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM robert.behle@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-SARE [LS03-153] FX We thank Erica Goett for technical assistance and Mycotech Corporation for providing technical powder of GHA conidia. This research was supported in part by a USDA-SARE grant (Project LS03-153). NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1759 EP 1766 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504HB UT WOS:000270605700005 PM 19886439 ER PT J AU El-Salamouny, S Ranwala, D Shapiro, M Shepard, BM Farrar, RR AF El-Salamouny, S. Ranwala, D. Shapiro, M. Shepard, B. M. Farrar, Robert R., Jr. TI Tea, Coffee, and Cocoa as Ultraviolet Radiation Protectants for the Beet Armyworm Nucleopolyhedrovirus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nucleopolyhedrovirus; Spodoptera exigua; UV radiation; cocoa; coffee ID LIGNIN-BASED FORMULATIONS; ADMINISTERED GREEN TEA; BLACK TEA; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; SKH-1 MICE; HOST-PLANT; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SKIN CARCINOGENESIS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; THEOBROMA-CACAO AB The addition of 1% (wt:vol) aqueous extracts of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) (Malvales: Malvaceae), coffee (Coffea arabica L.) (Gentianales: Rubiaceae), and green and black tea (Camellia sinensis L.) (Ericales: Theaceae) provided excellent UV radiation protection for the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), nucleopolyhedrovirus under laboratory conditions. Aqueous extracts of coffee, green tea, and black tea at 0.5% provided 85-100% UV protection, whereas cocoa provided 50% UV protection. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a component of green tea, and caffeine, a component of tea and coffee, also were tested as UV protectants. Both compounds were ineffective when tested alone. When EGCG and caffeine were combined, UV protection increased in a synergistic manner, but <35% of the original virus activity was maintained. This study demonstrated that coffee was comparable to green tea and black tea as a UV protectant. Further studies should be conducted to optimize their use in biopesticide formulations. C1 [Ranwala, D.; Shepard, B. M.] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [El-Salamouny, S.] Cairo Univ, Dept Econ Entomol & Pesticides, Fac Agr, Giza 12613, Egypt. [Farrar, Robert R., Jr.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shepard, BM (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM mshprd@clemson.edu FU Egyptian Fulbright Scholar program; Bi-national Fulbright Commission in Egypt FX S.E. is an alumnus of the Egyptian Fulbright Scholar program (Clemson University 2007-2008 and acknowledges the support of the Bi-national Fulbright Commission in Egypt in the support of the research and preparation of this article. We thank Nan Lu, Jennifer Ikerd, Mark Schaffer, and Kai-Shu Ling for excellent technical assistance. This is Technical Contribution 5547 of the Clemson University Experiment Station. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1767 EP 1773 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504HB UT WOS:000270605700006 PM 19886440 ER PT J AU Fettig, CJ McKelvey, SR Borys, RR Dabney, CP Hamud, SM Nelson, LJ Seybold, SJ AF Fettig, Christopher J. McKelvey, Stephen R. Borys, Robert R. Dabney, Christopher P. Hamud, Shakeeb M. Nelson, Lori J. Seybold, Steven J. TI Efficacy of Verbenone for Protecting Ponderosa Pine Stands From Western Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Attack in California SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiaggregation pheromone; Dendroctonus brevicomis; pest management; Pinus ponderosa; stand protection ID DENDROCTONUS-BREVICOMIS COLEOPTERA; NONHOST ANGIOSPERM VOLATILES; ATTRACTANT-BAITED TRAPS; DIFFERENT RELEASE RATES; BARK BEETLE; LODGEPOLE PINE; INHIBITORS VERBENONE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; LECONTE COLEOPTERA; HOST COLONIZATION AB The western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a major cause of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., mortality in much of western North America. Currently, techniques for managing D. brevicomis infestations are limited. Verbenone (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one) is an antiaggregation pheromone of several Dendroctonus spp., including D. brevicomis, and it has been registered as a biopesticide for control of mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. We evaluated the efficacy of a 5-g verbenone pouch [82%-(-); 50 mg/d] applied at 125 U/ha for protecting P. ponderosa stands (2 ha) from D. brevicomis attack over a 3-yr period. No significant differences in levels of D. brevicomis-caused tree mortality or the percentage of unsuccessfully attacked trees were found between verbenone-treated and untreated plots during each year or cumulatively over the 3-yr period. Laboratory analyses of release rates and chemical composition of volatiles emanating from verbenone pouches after field exposure found no deterioration of the active ingredient or physical malfunction of the release device. The mean release rate of pouches from all locations and exposure periods was 44.5 mg/d. In a trapping bioassay, the range of inhibition of the 5-g verbenone pouch was determined to be statistically constant 2 m from the release device. We discuss the implications of these and other results to the development of verbenone as a semiochemical-based tool for management of D. brevicomis infestations in P. ponderosa stands. C1 [Fettig, Christopher J.; McKelvey, Stephen R.; Borys, Robert R.; Dabney, Christopher P.; Hamud, Shakeeb M.; Nelson, Lori J.; Seybold, Steven J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us FU Special Technology Development Program [USDA-R5-2003-01]; Pacific Southwest Research Station FX We thank M. Patterson (University of Reno), C. Mautner (University of California), A. Piscitelli (Humboldt State University), and P. Jiros (Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service) for technical assistance. In addition, we are grateful to M. Grimm (Eldorado National Forest, USDA Forest Service), D. Poehlmann and D. Miller (Shasta-Trinity National Forest, USDA Forest Service), and H. Halley (Caldor, CA) for providing study sites. We thank J. Hayes (Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service), D. Huber (University of Northern British Columbia), M. Haverty and P. Shea (formerly Pacific Southwest Research Station), D. Miller (Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service), S. Smith and D. Cluck (Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service), and D. Wakarchuk (Synergy Semiochemicals Corp.) for helpful insight. A special thanks to K. Gibson (Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service), J. Hayes, C. Hayes (Pacific Southwest Research Station), and two anonymous reviewers for critiques, which greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was supported, in part, by a grant from the Special Technology Development Program (USDA-R5-2003-01) to C.J.F., and the Pacific Southwest Research Station. NR 79 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1846 EP 1858 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504HB UT WOS:000270605700015 PM 19886449 ER PT J AU Follett, PA Armstrong, JW Zee, FT AF Follett, Peter A. Armstrong, John W. Zee, Francis T. TI Host Status of Blueberry to Invasive Tephritid Fruit Flies in Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nonhost; Vaccinium spp.; Mediterranean fruit fly; oriental fruit fly; melon fly ID BACTROCERA-LATIFRONS DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; PLANTS AB Forced infestation studies were conducted to determine whether northern or southern highbush blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum L., are hosts for the invasive tephritid fruit flies in Hawaii. Fruit were exposed to gravid female flies of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (oriental fruit fly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Mediterranean fruit fly), or Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet (melon fly) in screen cages outdoors for 6 h and then held on sand in the laboratory for 2 wk for pupal and adult emergence. The number of puparia, number of puparia per gram, and percentage of adult emergence on 'Bluecrop' blueberry were significantly higher for B. dorsalis and C. capitata than B. cucurbitae; B. dorsalis, C. capitata, and B. cucurbitae produced an average of 1.06,0.60, and 0.09 pupae per g fruit and had 50.8,54.1, and 12.7% adult emergence, respectively. 'Berkeley' blueberries produced an average of only 0.06, 0.02, and 0.0 pupae per g fruit for B. dorsalis, C. capitata, and B. cucurbitae, respectively. Similarly, six blueberry cultivars were harvested weekly for 10 wk, exposed to Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) in cages, and held for pupal and adult emergence on either sand or artificial diet. In total, 2,677 blueberries were exposed to 2,681 B. latifrons and held on sand, and no pupariation or adult emergence was observed. Small numbers of B. latiftons puparia and adults emerged from the artificial diet treatment in all cultivars. Results from rearing on sand and diet indicate that blueberry is an acceptable oviposition host for B. latiftons but not an adequate developmental host. These data suggest blueberry is potentially a good host for B. dorsalis and C. capitata, and an adequate host for Bactrocera cucurbitae, but that there may be significant variation in resistance among cultivars. Blueberry seems to be a nonhost for B. latiftons. C1 [Follett, Peter A.; Armstrong, John W.; Zee, Francis T.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459,64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM peter.follett@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1859 EP 1863 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504HB UT WOS:000270605700016 PM 19886450 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, EJ Vandervoort, C Wise, JC AF Hoffmann, Eric J. Vandervoort, Christine Wise, John C. TI Curative Activity of Insecticides Against Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Tart Cherries SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE residue profile; bioassay; organophosphate; neonicotinoid; insect growth regulator ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; CONOTRACHELUS-NENUPHAR; APPLE; OVIPOSITION; TEPHRITIDAE; MANAGEMENT; PREFERENCE; EMERGENCE; MORTALITY; INSECTS AB Tart cherry, Prunus cerasus L. variety Montmorency, fruit were infested with plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and treated with insecticides to target late instars, neonates, and eggs. The organophosphates azinphos-methyl and phosmet and the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam reduced larval emergence rates by >90% for all life stage targets; after >30 d, few surviving larvae were found inside fruit. Acetamiprid and thiacloprid also had curative activity and yielded >75% reductions in emergence and few surviving larvae in the fruit after >30 d. The juvenile hormone analog pyriproxyfen reduced larval emergence, but 66% of fruit that was treated to target late-instars still had live larvae inside of them after >30 d. Novaluron, chlorantraniliprole, and esfenvalerate had no curative activity. Indoxacarb had limited curative activity, and all targeted life stages had larval emergence. Internal and external residues were analyzed and are discussed in relation to their penetration and curative potential. The curative activity of azinphos-methyl has played an important role in meeting federal standards for infestation-free tart cherries at processing. Regulatory changes are eliminating the use of this compound, and new integrated pest management programs for plum curcutio will need to address the loss of azinphos-methyl's curative activity. C1 [Hoffmann, Eric J.] Arid Lands Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Vandervoort, Christine] Michigan State Univ, Pesticide Analyt Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wise, John C.] Michigan State Univ, Fennville, MI 49408 USA. RP Hoffmann, EJ (reprint author), Arid Lands Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM eric.hoffmann@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES Crops at Risk [MICL08338] FX We thank Amanda Carper, Barbie Balasko, Daniel Hulbert, Samantha Middleton, and Evan Lengkeek for assistance in the field and laboratory. Kevin Schoenborn and Ryan Vander Poppen provided equipment expertise. This project has been funded by the USDA-CSREES Crops at Risk grant entitled "Development and Optimization of Pre- and Postharvest Pest Management Strategies in Cherries: A MultiTactic Approach" (MICL08338). NR 38 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1864 EP 1873 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504HB UT WOS:000270605700017 PM 19886451 ER PT J AU Randolph, TL Peairs, F Weiland, A Rudolph, JB Puterka, GJ AF Randolph, Terri L. Peairs, Frank Weiland, Aubrey Rudolph, Jeffrey B. Puterka, Gary J. TI Plant Responses to Seven Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotypes Found in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Russian wheat aphid; Diuraphis noxia; biotype; plant resistance ID RESISTANCE GENE; RAPD-PCR; REGISTRATION; HOMOPTERA; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; COLORADO; MARKERS; BARLEY; PEST AB The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a serious wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and barley, Hordeum vulgare L., pest throughout the small grain-producing areas in the western United States. The virulency and classification of recently described Russian wheat aphid biotypes 1-7 (RWA1-7) were clarified using 24 plant differentials. These seven biotypes had been described previously using various methods and test environments; therefore, the purpose of this study was to test them A under uniform environmental conditions. RWA1 was the least virulent of the biotypes tested, with susceptible ratings observed in five plant differentials and intermediate ratings observed in four plant differentials. RWA4, RWA5, RWA6, and RWA7 had intermediate virulence. RWA4, RWA5, and RWA7 share similar responses, with susceptible responses in six plant differentials and intermediate responses in five plant differentials. Small differences within a few plant differentials separate RWA4, RWA5, and RWA7 RWA6 has susceptible responses with only four plant differentials, but 10 plant differentials had intermediate responses. RWA3 was highly virulent, with susceptible responses in 10 plant differentials and intermediate responses in five plant differentials. RWA2 was the most virulent strain tested with susceptible responses to 12 plant differentials and intermediate responses to five plant differentials. This study has demonstrated that RWA1-7 have different combinations of virulence to the plant differentials tested, thereby confirming previous Russian wheat aphid biotype designations. C1 [Randolph, Terri L.; Peairs, Frank; Rudolph, Jeffrey B.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Weiland, Aubrey] Syngenta Res Stn, La Salle, CO 80645 USA. [Puterka, Gary J.] ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Randolph, TL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM terri.randolph@colostate.edu NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1954 EP 1959 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504HB UT WOS:000270605700028 PM 19886462 ER PT J AU Ni, XZ Wilson, JP Buntin, GD AF Ni, Xinzhi Wilson, Jeffrey P. Buntin, G. David TI Differential Responses of Forage Pearl Millet Genotypes to Chinch Bug (Heteroptera: Blissidae) Feeding SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stunt and necrosis ratings; chlorophyll content; photosynthesis; principal component analysis; cluster analysis ID BLISSUS-OCCIDUUS HEMIPTERA; WHEAT APHID HOMOPTERA; RUSSIAN WHEAT; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; CHLOROPHYLL LOSS; BROILER DIETS; LYGAEIDAE; RESISTANCE; SORGHUM AB Chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus leucoptertus (Say) (Heteroptera: Blissidae), is one of the most important insect pests on forage pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br., production in the southeastern United States. Twenty-nine forage pearl millet genotypes were assessed for chinch bug resistance by using stunt and necrosis ratings in combination with quantitative measurements of chlorophyll content and leaf photosynthetic rate. Plant stunt and leaf sheath necrosis ratings, and chlorophyll content in flag leaves differed among the 29 genotypes. Photosynthetic rate differed both among the noninfested control and among the chinch bug-infested plants. The chinch bug-infested plants had lower photosynthetic rate than the noninfested control plants. Inbreds with resistance superior to that of Tift 23DB were identified for hybrid development. When the 29 pearl millet genotypes were assessed by the six parameters by using cluster analysis, genotypes 07F-1226,07F-1229, 07F-1231, 07F-1235, 07F-1238, 07F-1239, and 07F-1240 were the most resistant, whereas the genotypes 07F-1220,07F-1221,07F-1225,07F-1227,07F-IZ32,07F-1246, and Tift 23DB were the most susceptible to chinch bug feeding. The rest of the genotypes expressed intermediate responses to the six parameters. To differentiate the physiological impact of chinch bug feeding on light and dark reactions of plant photosynthesis, photosynthesis capacity was assessed using light and CO(2) (A/Ci) response curves on noninfested and chinch bug-infested plants of genotypes 07F-1246, 07F-1223, and 07F-1245, which expressed low, intermediate, and high chlorophyll content, respectively. Based on the A/Ci curves, photosynthesis capacity of injured leaves was suppressed in 07F-1223 and 07F-1246, whereas the chinch bug-injured 07F-1245 leaves showed an increase of photosynthetic rate compared with the noninfested plants. In contrast, light response curves were suppressed in the chinch bug-injured plants compared with the noninfested plants of all three genotypes, irrespective of their variations in insect injury ratings. This research demonstrated that visual stunt and necrosis rating methods in combination with chlorophyll and photosynthesis measurements could be used in screening forage pearl millet for chinch bug resistance and deciphering the underlying resistance mechanisms. C1 [Ni, Xinzhi; Wilson, Jeffrey P.] Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Buntin, G. David] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Ni, XZ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM xinzhi.ni@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1960 EP 1969 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504HB UT WOS:000270605700029 PM 19886463 ER PT J AU Jenson, EA Arthur, FH Nechols, JR AF Jenson, Emily A. Arthur, Frank H. Nechols, James R. TI Efficacy of Methoprene Applied at Different Temperatures and Rates on Surface Substrates to Control Eggs and Fifth Instars of Plodia interpunctella SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE temperature; methoprene; packaging materials; P. interpunctella ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS; INDIANMEAL MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PROLONGS DEVELOPMENTAL TIME; FLOUR BEETLES COLEOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCTS; RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; INCREASES MORTALITY; LARVAL SURVIVAL AB A series of studies was conducted to determine the effects of temperature on toxicity of the insect growth regulator methoprene to eggs and larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), the Indianmeal moth. When methoprene was applied to Kraft paper at the rate of 0.0003 mg of active ingredient [(AI)]/cm(2), there was little direct toxicity against eggs of P. interpunctella, and temperature did not affect insecticide efficacy. Similarly, exposure of eggs on a paperboard surface treated with different rates of methoprene resulted in delayed adult emergence but not a reduction in adult emergence. However, wandering-phase larvae of P. interpuctella were susceptible to methoprene, and exposure of larvae for 0.5, 1, and 2 h on different packaging materials resulted in reduced adult emergence. There was variation in emergence depending on the specific surface, but temperature had no effect on resulting adult emergence from exposed larvae. A partial budget analysis described treatment costs and reduction of risks associated with control of eggs and larvae of P. interpunctella. Results indicate methoprene could be used in management programs to control larvae of P. interpunctella, but eggs may be able to compensate for exposure to methoprene residues on treated surfaces. C1 [Arthur, Frank H.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Jenson, Emily A.; Nechols, James R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1992 EP 2002 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504HB UT WOS:000270605700033 PM 19886467 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Zettler, JL AF Johnson, J. A. Zettler, J. L. TI Response of Postharvest Tree Nut Lepidopteran Pests to Vacuum Treatments SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vacuum treatment; tree nuts; codling moth; navel orangeworm; Indianmeal moth ID NAVEL ORANGEWORM LEPIDOPTERA; INDIANMEAL MOTH; METHYL-BROMIDE; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; DIAPAUSING STAGES; EXPOSURE TIME; LOW-PRESSURES; COCOA PESTS; PYRALIDAE; MORTALITY AB Industry concerns over insect resistance, regulatory action, and the needs of organic processors have renewed interest in nonchemical alternative postharvest treatments to fumigants used for California tree nuts. The development of inexpensive polyvinyl chloride containers capable of holding low pressures has increased the practicality of vacuum treatments for durable commodities such as tree nuts. To develop vacuum treatment protocols, we determined the relative tolerance to vacuum (50 mmHg) at 25 and 30 degrees C of different life stages of three postharvest pests of tree nuts: codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker),and Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). At both temperatures, nondiapausing codling moth larvae were the least tolerant stage tested. LT(95) values for diapausing Indianmeal moth larvae were similar to Indianmeal moth eggs at both temperatures. Indianmeal moth diapausing larvae and eggs were the most tolerant at 25 degrees C, whereas navel orangeworm eggs were most tolerant at 30 degrees C. Field tests using GrainPro Cocoons (GrainPro, Inc., Concord, MA) to treat shelled almonds, Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb, in bins at vacuum levels of 18-43 mmHg at average winter temperatures (6-10 degrees C) showed that diapausing codling moth larvae were the most tolerant under these conditions and that exposures of 7-13 d provided incomplete control. Summer field tests treating in-shell almonds in bags at average temperatures of 25-30 degrees C provided complete control with 48 h exposure to average vacuum levels of 50 mmHg, and navel orangeworm eggs were the most tolerant stage. C1 [Johnson, J. A.; Zettler, J. L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jjohnson@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 2003 EP 2010 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504HB UT WOS:000270605700034 PM 19886468 ER PT J AU Strom, BL Roton, LM AF Strom, B. L. Roton, L. M. TI A Small-Bolt Method for Screening Tree Protectants Against Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pesticide evaluation; bioassay; prophylactic pesticides; pyrethroids; residual efficacy; Dendroctonus ID PINE-BEETLE; SCOLYTIDAE ATTACK; PONDEROSA PINE; CARBARYL; PERMETHRIN AB A simple, small-bolt method was developed and refined for evaluating and screening treatments being considered as prophylactics against bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Using this method, 4 insecticide products (3 active ingredients) were evaluated against the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, intermittently during a period spanning 1 day to 9 months postapplication. Permethrin (Astro(R)) showed the best residual effectiveness as determined by the small-bolt assay, followed by bifenthrin (Onyx(R)) and carbaryl (Ferti-Lome(R) and Sevin XLR Plus(R)). Bifenthrin has been reported as effective in field tests with D. frontalis and carbaryl as ineffective, lending credence to the small-bolt method. Results with permethrin suggest that a more extensive evaluation may be warranted for this active ingredient. The method as developed provides a useful and efficient tool for identifying preventive treatments that are unlikely to be effective against D. frontalis. Its use for screening ineffective products would limit expensive and time-consuming field evaluations to treatments that show significant promise. With additional refinement, the small-bolt assay may provide most of the benefits of more costly testing methods while offering sufficient flexibility for comparing prophylactic treatments that rely on different modes of action. C1 [Strom, B. L.; Roton, L. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Strom, BL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM brianstrom@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 297 EP 307 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 524HB UT WOS:000272133300001 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Short, BD Wright, SE Brown, MW AF Leskey, Tracy C. Short, Brent D. Wright, Starker E. Brown, Mark W. TI Diagnosis and Variation in Appearance of Brown Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Injury on Apple SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stink bug; monitoring; apple; cork spot; IPM ID PEACH ORCHARDS; HETEROPTERA AB Adult brown stink bugs, Euschistus servus (Say), were caged individually on limbs with apple fruit of 6 cultivars in research orchards in West Virginia. Studies were performed to describe specific characteristics of damage that could be used for field and/or laboratory diagnosis of stink bug injury to apple fruit at harvest. These characteristics were separated into surface and subsurface features. On the apple surface, 3 prevailing types of stink bug injury were observed in the field: (1) a discolored dot, i.e., stink bug feeding puncture; (2) a discolored dot with a depression in the fruit; and (3) a discolored dot with a discolored depression in the fruit. Subsurface characters were related to the extent of damage observed on the fruit skin. Common subsurface damage ranged from a stylet sheath to corky tissue of variable color, shape, and size that sometimes was not contiguous with the skin. Laboratory evaluations under a dissecting microscope revealed that the size of the stink bug feeding puncture was similar to 0.17 mm diam. This character was the only consistent, definitive symptom of stink bug injury present among all observed damage. Due to variability in other surface and subsurface characters, and potential problems with visual apparency of injury in the field, evaluations of suspected stink bug damage should be performed with 40X magnification in the laboratory to confirm the presence of stink bug feeding punctures. C1 [Leskey, Tracy C.; Short, Brent D.; Wright, Starker E.; Brown, Mark W.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tracy.leskey@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 314 EP 322 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 524HB UT WOS:000272133300003 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Baez, I Legaspi, BC AF Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo Baez, Ignacio Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr. TI Phenology and Egg Production of the Cactus Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Comparison of Field Census Data and Life Stage Development in the Field SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE life history traits; fecundity; egg production; Opuntia stricta; Opuntia ficus-indica ID CACTOBLASTIS-CACTORUM LEPIDOPTERA; BERG LEPIDOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE AB Natural phenology and development of the cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was studied under field conditions in St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, St. Marks, FL, from July 2006 to September 2007. Pads of cactus (Opuntia stricta Haw. [Cactaceae]) were visually surveyed weekly for presence of moth immature stages. Adult male C. cactorum, populations were surveyed using a pheromone lure and wing style sticky traps. The field census data identified 3 generations per year which generally occurred in August to September, October to April, and May to July. Numbers of eggsticks peaked in midAugust, midOctober and micApril. High numbers of early larval immatures (1(st) to 3(rd) instars) were recorded in October 2006, May 2007 and September 2007. High numbers of late-stage larvae (4(th) to 5(th) in-star) were recorded in September to October 2006, December to January 2006, June to July 2007. Peak numbers of Cactoblastis male adults occurred approximately in midOctober 2006, April to May 2007, and July to August 2007. Pupae were cryptic and difficult to sample. Development in field cages was studied by introducing cohorts of moth eggs on potted cactus plants (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) into the field at approximately the same times they were found to occur naturally. During the course of each generation, the potted plants were returned to the laboratory for determination of moth lifestage. Body weights and lengths also were recorded. In the field cages, 3 generations were observed and these coincided with the populations that were observed in the open field. However, the generations were more clearly defined because eggs were introduced as cohorts and most insects were recovered. Measurements of larval head capsules and body lengths show that development in the winter generation is slower than that of the summer and fall generations, although peak measurements are approximately identical in all 3 generations. Female pupae weighed 225.25 (+/- 4.8 SE) mg which was significantly heavier than males weighing 138.01 (+/- 5.5) mg. Pupal weights differed according to generation, but there was no effect on adult weight. Female adults weighed 130.3 (+/- 11.3) mg, compared with males, which weighed 60.81 (+/- 2.4) mg. Adult sex ratio was approximately 1:1. Male adults appeared to have emerged earlier than females in the fall generation. C1 [Legaspi, Jesusa Crisostomo; Baez, Ignacio; Legaspi, Benjamin C., Jr.] Florida A&M Univ, USDA, ARS, CMAVE,Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, USDA, ARS, CMAVE,Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. EM Jesusa.Legaspi@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 341 EP 352 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 524HB UT WOS:000272133300005 ER PT J AU Tillman, G AF Tillman, Glynn TI Beneficial Insects and Insect Pollinators on Milkweed in South Georgia SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE milkweed; beneficial insects; insect pollinators C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Glynn.Tillman@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 402 EP 409 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 524HB UT WOS:000272133300012 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Miller, MM AF Reeves, Will K. Miller, Myrna M. TI Spot-on Treatments of Diflubenzuron and Permethrin to Control a Guinea Pig Louse, Gliricola porcelli (Phthiraptera: Gyropidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Clean-up (TM); Gliricola porcelli; lice; Dimilin (TM); rodents C1 [Reeves, Will K.; Miller, Myrna M.] USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), USAG J, Unit 45013, Box 2582, APO, AP 96338 USA. EM wkreeves@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 410 EP 411 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 524HB UT WOS:000272133300013 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Miller, MM AF Reeves, Will K. Miller, Myrna M. TI Infection of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with Weldona Virus SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Culicoides; Bunyaviridae; Orthobunyavirus; Weldona virus; Ceratopogonidae; Tete serogroup C1 [Reeves, Will K.; Miller, Myrna M.] USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), USAG J, Unit 45013, Box 2582, APO, AP 96338 USA. EM wkreeves@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 412 EP 414 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 524HB UT WOS:000272133300014 ER PT J AU Luo, YG He, Q McEvoy, JL Conway, WS AF Luo, Yaguang He, Qiang McEvoy, James L. Conway, William S. TI Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Presence of Indigenous Microorganisms on Commercially Packaged Baby Spinach, as Impacted by Storage Temperature and Time SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FRESH-CUT SPINACH; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; ICEBERG LETTUCE; QUALITY CHANGES; O157-H7; ATMOSPHERE; GROWTH; PRODUCE; SURVIVAL AB This study investigated the effect of storage temperature and time on the survival and growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7, the growth of indigenous microorganisms, and the changes in product quality of packaged baby spinach. Commercial packages of spinach within 2 days of processing were cut open at one end, sprayed with fine mists of E. coli O157:H7 inoculum, resealed, and then stored at 1, 5, 8, and 12 degrees C for 12 days until their labeled best-if-used-by dates. Microbial enumeration and product quality evaluation were conducted on day(s) 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 postinoculation. Spinach held at 12 degrees C supported significant (P < 0.001) E. coli O157:H7 growth, with a 1.0-log CFU/g increase within 3 days postinoculation, which was followed by additional growth during continued storage. E. coli O157:H7 grew slowly when held at 8 degrees C, with a significant (P < 0.01) level of growth reached after 6 days of storage. However, on products held at 1 and 5 degrees C, E. coli O157:H7 populations declined significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) within 3 days of storage. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, and yeast and mold populations increased significantly at all storage temperatures, with more growth on products held at elevated temperatures. Product quality scores remained high within the first 6 days of storage, with a sharp decline noted on samples held at 12 degrees C on day 9. Results suggest that E. coli O157:H7 can grow significantly on commercially packaged spinach held at 8 degrees C or above before significant product quality deterioration occurs. C1 [Luo, Yaguang; He, Qiang; McEvoy, James L.; Conway, William S.] ARS, USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [He, Qiang] Sichuan Univ, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. RP Luo, YG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Bldg 002,Room 117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yaguang.Luo@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 72 IS 10 BP 2038 EP 2045 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 503GM UT WOS:000270521600002 PM 19833025 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, Thomas P. TI General Regression Neural Network and Monte Carlo Simulation Model for Survival and Growth of Salmonella on Raw Chicken Skin as a Function of Serotype, Temperature, and Time for Use in Risk Assessment SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; LOW INITIAL DENSITY; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; TYPHIMURIUM DT104; PREDICTIVE MODELS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; GROUND CHICKEN; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; LABORATORY MEDIUM AB A general regression neural network (GRNN) and Monte Carlo simulation model for predicting survival and growth of Salmonella on raw chicken skin as a function of serotype (Typhimurium, Kentucky, and Hadar), temperature (5 to 50 degrees C), and time (0 to 8 h) was developed. Poultry isolates of Salmonella with natural resistance to antibiotics were used to investigate and model survival and growth from a low initial dose (<1 log) on raw chicken skin. Computer spreadsheet and spreadsheet add-in programs were used to develop and simulate a GRNN model. Model performance was evaluated by determining the percentage of residuals in an acceptable prediction zone from -1 log (fail-safe) to 0.5 log (fail-dangerous). The GRNN model had an acceptable prediction rate of 92% for dependent data (n = 464) and 89% for independent data (n = 116), which exceeded the performance criterion for model validation of 70% acceptable predictions. Relative contributions of independent variables were 16.8% for serotype, 48.3% for temperature, and 34.9% for time. Differences among serotypes were observed, with Kentucky exhibiting less growth than Typhimurium and Hadar, which had similar growth levels. Temperature abuse scenarios were simulated to demonstrate how the model can be integrated with risk assessment, and the most common output distribution obtained was Pearson5. This study demonstrated that it is important to include serotype as an independent variable in predictive models for Salmonella. Had a cocktail of serotypes Typhimurium, Kentucky, and Hadar been used for model development, the GRNN model would have provided overly fail-safe predictions of Salmonella growth on raw chicken skin contaminated with serotype Kentucky. Thus, by developing the GRNN model with individual strains and then modeling growth as a function of serotype prevalence, more accurate predictions were obtained. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Excellence Poultry Food Safety Res 1890, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Excellence Poultry Food Safety Res 1890, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Room 2111, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM thomas.oscar@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 72 IS 10 BP 2078 EP 2087 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 503GM UT WOS:000270521600007 PM 19833030 ER PT J AU Crouch, EA LaBarre, D Golden, NJ Kause, JR Dearfield, KL AF Crouch, Edmund A. LaBarre, David Golden, Neal J. Kause, Janell R. Dearfield, Kerry L. TI Application of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessments for Estimation of Risk Management Metrics: Clostridium perfringens in Ready-to-Eat and Partially Cooked Meat and Poultry Products as an Example SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FOOD SAFETY OBJECTIVES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES AB The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service is exploring quantitative fisk assessment methodologies to incorporate the use of the Codex Alimentarius' newly adopted risk management metrics (e.g., food safety objectives and performance objectives). It is suggested that use of these metrics would more closely tie the results of quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRAs) to public health outcomes. By estimating the food safety objective (the maximum frequency and/or concentration of a hazard in a food at the time of consumption) and the performance objective (the maximum frequency and/or concentration of a hazard in a food at a specified step in the food chain before the time of consumption), risk managers will have a better understanding of the appropriate level of protection (ALOP) from microbial hazards for public health protection. We here demonstrate a general methodology that allows identification of an ALOP and evaluation of corresponding metrics at appropriate points in the food chain. It requires a two-dimensional probabilistic risk assessment, tire example used being the Monte Carlo QMRA for Clostridium perfringens in ready-to eat and partially cooked meat and poultry products, with minor modifications to evaluate and abstract required measures. For demonstration purposes, the QMRA model was applied specifically to hot dogs produced and consumed in the United States. Evaluation of the cumulative uncertainty distribution for illness rate allows a specification of an ALOP that, with defined confidence, corresponds to current industry practices. C1 [Crouch, Edmund A.] Cambridge Environm Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [LaBarre, David; Golden, Neal J.; Kause, Janell R.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Risk Assessment Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Dearfield, Kerry L.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Assistant Administrator, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Crouch, EA (reprint author), Cambridge Environm Inc, 58 Charles St, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. EM crouch@CambridgeEnvironmental.com FU Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service [AG-3A94-C-07-0021]; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This work is a summary of work performed under contract AG-3A94-C-07-0021 for the Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Further details are available through the FSIS Web site: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Science/ Risk-Assessments/index.&sp. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 72 IS 10 BP 2151 EP 2161 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 503GM UT WOS:000270521600016 PM 19833039 ER PT J AU Narang, N Fratamico, PM Tillman, G Pupedis, K Cray, WC AF Narang, Neelam Fratamico, Pina M. Tillman, Glenn Pupedis, Kitty Cray, William C., Jr. TI Performance Comparison of a fliC(h7) Real-Time PCR Assay with an H7 Latex Agglutination Test for Confirmation of the H Type of Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; O157-H7; GENE AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodbome pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Positive identification of E. coli O157:H7 is made using biochemical tests and specific antisera or latex agglutination reagents for the O157 and H7 antigens. However, undercertain conditions, some E. coli O157:H7 isolates can appear to be nonreactive with H7 antisera and may require multiple passages oil motility medium to restore H7 antigenicity. In this study, we compared the performance of a real-time PCR test with that of a method using latex agglutination reagents to detect the presence of the fliC(h7) gene or the H7 antigen, respectively, in E. coli O157:H7 isolates. One hundred twenty-six E. coli strains were tested including reference strains and strains isolated from meat. Lyophilized E. coli O157:H7 isolates were rehydrated and were plated on sheep blood agar without passage on motility medium. All strains were analyzed in parallel by a real-time PCR test targeting the fliC(h7) gene and by a latex agglutination test that detects the H7 antigen. The real-time PCR assay showed 100% agreement with the H7 status reported for reference strains and E. coli O157:H7 meat isolates. The latex agglutination test results agreed with the H7 status reported for the E. coli O157:H7 reference strains and non-O157:H7 strains, except for one, E. coli O157:H7; however, 42% (42 of 100) of the E. coli O157:H7 meat isolates tested negative for the H7 antigen by latex agglutination. The real-time fliC(h7) PCR test can be used to confirm E. coli O157:H7 strains that are not expressing the immunoreactive H7 antigen. C1 [Narang, Neelam; Tillman, Glenn; Pupedis, Kitty; Cray, William C., Jr.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Outbreak Sect, Eastern Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Fratamico, Pina M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Narang, N (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Outbreak Sect, Eastern Lab, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM neelam.narang@fsis.usda.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 72 IS 10 BP 2195 EP 2197 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 503GM UT WOS:000270521600022 PM 19833045 ER PT J AU Rowland, S Bower, CK Patil, KN DeWitt, CAM AF Rowland, Sarah Bower, Cynthia K. Patil, Krushna N. DeWitt, Christina A. Mireles TI Updraft Gasification of Salmon Processing Waste SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomass; calorimetry; salmon ID BY-PRODUCTS AB The purpose of this study was to judge the feasibility of gasification for the disposal of waste streams generated through salmon harvesting. Gasification is the process of converting carbonaceous materials into combustible "syngas" in a high temperature (above 700 degrees C), oxygen deficient environment. Syngas can be combusted to generate power, which recycles energy from waste products. At 66% to 79% moisture, raw salmon waste streams are too wet to undergo pyrolysis and combustion. Ground raw or de-oiled salmon whole fish, heads, viscera, or frames were therefore "dried" by mixing with wood pellets to a final moisture content of 20%. Ground whole salmon with moisture reduced to 12% moisture was gasified without a drying agent. Gasification tests were performed in a small-scale, fixed-bed, updraft gasifer. After an initial start-up period, the gasifier was loaded with 1.5 kg of biomass. Temperature was recorded at 6 points in the gasifier. Syngas was collected during the short steady-state period during each gasifier run and analyzed. Percentages of each type of gas in the syngas were used to calculate syngas heating value. High heating value (HHV) ranged from 1.45 to 1.98 MJ/kg. Bomb calorimetry determined maximum heating value for the salmon by-products. Comparing heating values shows the efficiency of gasification. Cold gas efficiencies of 13.6% to 26% were obtained from the various samples gasified. Though research of gasification as a means of salmon waste disposal and energy production is ongoing, it can be concluded that pre-dried salmon or relatively low moisture content mixtures of waste with wood are gasifiable. C1 [Rowland, Sarah; DeWitt, Christina A. Mireles] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Robert M Kerr Food & Agr Prod Ctr, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bower, Cynthia K.] USDA ARS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Patil, Krushna N.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP DeWitt, CAM (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Robert M Kerr Food & Agr Prod Ctr, 125 FAPC, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM christina.dewitt@okstate.edu FU U. S. Dept. of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) in Fairbanks, Alaska, U. S. A.; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater, Alaska, U. S. A. FX This study was funded by the Subarctic Agricultural Research Unit (SARU) of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) in Fairbanks, Alaska, U. S. A. This study was also partially funded by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater, Alaska, U. S. A. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Chris Bilby, Bruno Cateni, and Tyler Tate to this study. We would also like to thank Drs. R. Huhnke and T. Bowser. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 74 IS 8 BP E426 EP E431 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01312.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 504EA UT WOS:000270596100012 PM 19799663 ER PT J AU Ravishankar, S Zhu, LB Olsen, CW McHugh, TH Friedman, A AF Ravishankar, Sadhana Zhu, Libin Olsen, Carl W. McHugh, Tara H. Friedman, Andmendel TI Edible Apple Film Wraps Containing Plant Antimicrobials Inactivate Foodborne Pathogens on Meat and Poultry Products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial edible apple films; carvacrol; cinnamaldehyde; E. coli O157:H7; ham; Listeria monocytogenes; poultry; Salmonella enterica ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ESSENTIAL OILS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; STORAGE STABILITY; GROUND-BEEF; COOKED HAM; CARVACROL AB Apple-based edible films containing plant antimicrobials were evaluated for their activity against pathogenic bacteria on meat and poultry products. Salmonella enterica or E. coli O157:H7 (10(7) CFU/g) cultures were surface inoculated on chicken breasts and Listeria monocytogenes (106 CFU/g) on ham. The inoculated products were then wrapped with edible films containing 3 concentrations (0.5%, 1.5%, and 3%) of cinnamaldehyde or carvacrol. Following incubation at either 23 or 4 degrees C for 72 h, samples were stomached in buffered peptone water, diluted, and plated for enumeration of survivors. The antimicrobial films exhibited concentration-dependent activities against the pathogens tested. At 23 degrees C on chicken breasts, films with 3% antimicrobials showed the highest reductions (4.3 to 6.8 log CFU/g) of both S. enterica and E. coli O157: H7. Films with 1.5% and 0.5% antimicrobials showed 2.4 to 4.3 and 1.6 to 2.8 log reductions, respectively. At 4 degrees C, carvacrol exhibited greater activity than did cinnamaldehyde. Films with 3%, 1.5%, and 0.5% carvacrol reduced the bacterial populations by about 3, 1.6 to 3, and 0.8 to 1 logs, respectively. Films with 3% and 1.5% cinnamaldehyde induced 1.2 to 2.8 and 1.2 to 1.3 log reductions, respectively. For L. monocytogenes on ham, carvacrol films induced greater reductions than did cinnamaldehyde films at all concentrations tested. In general, the reduction of L. monocytogenes on ham at 23 degrees C was greater than at 4 degrees C. Added antimicrobials had minor effects on physical properties of the films. The results suggest that the food industry and consumers could use these films as wrappings to control surface contamination by foodborne pathogenic microorganisms. C1 [Ravishankar, Sadhana; Zhu, Libin] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Olsen, Carl W.; McHugh, Tara H.; Friedman, Andmendel] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Units, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ravishankar, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, 1117 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sadhravi@email.arizona.edu OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Univ. of Arizona; USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-35200117409] FX Research in Dr. Ravishankar's laboratory was supported by the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Univ. of Arizona. Research was also supported in part (edible film preparation) by USDA-CSREES-NRI Grant 2006-35200117409. We thank Carol E. Levin for assistance with the preparation of the manuscript. Presented at the 95th Annual Meeting, Intl. Assn. for Food Protection (IAFP), Columbus, Ohio, U. S. A., August 5 to 8, 2008. Abstract P5-22. NR 38 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 74 IS 8 BP M440 EP M445 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01320.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 504EA UT WOS:000270596100018 PM 19799671 ER PT J AU Kobziar, LN Rocca, ME Dicus, CA Hoffman, C Sugihara, N Thode, AE Varner, JM Morgan, P AF Kobziar, Leda N. Rocca, Monique E. Dicus, Christopher A. Hoffman, Chad Sugihara, Neil Thode, Andrea E. Varner, J. Morgan Morgan, Penelope TI Challenges to Educating the Next Generation of Wildland Fire Professionals in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fire management; fire ecology; education; training; firefighter ID FORESTRY EDUCATION; MANAGEMENT AB Over the last 20 years, the duties of US fire professionals have become more complex and risk laden because of fuel load accumulation, climate change, and the increasing wildland-urban interface. Incorporation of fire use and ecological principles into fire management policies has further expanded the range of expertise and knowledge required of fire professionals. The educational and training systems that produce these professionals, however, have been slow to organize an updated and coordinated approach to preparing future practitioners. Consequently, aspiring fire professionals face numerous challenges related to scheduling conflicts, limited higher education programs in fire science, lack of coordination between fire training and higher education entities, and the overall difficulty of obtaining education and training without sacrificing experience. Here, we address these and other challenges with potential solutions and outline the first steps toward their implementation. We organize the necessary aspects of professional fire preparation into a representative model: a fire professional development triangle comprised of education, training, and experience. For each of these aspects, we suggest changes that can be made by employers, educators, and nongovernmental organizations to provide a more streamlined mechanism for preparing the next generation of wildland fire professionals in the United States. C1 [Kobziar, Leda N.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rocca, Monique E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dicus, Christopher A.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Nat Resources & Management Dept, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. [Hoffman, Chad] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Sugihara, Neil] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Thode, Andrea E.] No Arizona State Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Varner, J. Morgan] Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA USA. [Morgan, Penelope] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Kobziar, LN (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lkobziar@ufl.edu; rocca@warnercnr.colostate.edu; cdicus@calpoly.edu; chadh@uidaho.edu; nsugihara@fs.fed.us; Andi.Thode@nau.edu; jmvarner@humboldt.edu; pmorgan@uidaho.edu RI Rocca, Monique/N-4528-2013; OI Rocca, Monique/0000-0002-5298-1643; Hoffman, Chad/0000-0001-8715-937X NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2009 VL 107 IS 7 BP 339 EP 345 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518UQ UT WOS:000271720500004 ER PT J AU Kimbell, AR Schuhmann, A Brown, H AF Kimbell, Abigail R. Schuhmann, Andrea Brown, Hutch TI More Kids in the Woods: Reconnecting Americans with Nature SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INNER-CITY; ATTENTION; ENVIRONMENT; CHILDREN C1 [Kimbell, Abigail R.; Schuhmann, Andrea; Brown, Hutch] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Kimbell, AR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM gkimbell@q.com; schuhs02@aol.com; hutchbrown@fs.fed.us NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT-NOV PY 2009 VL 107 IS 7 BP 373 EP 377 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518UQ UT WOS:000271720500009 ER PT J AU Griswold, T AF Griswold, Terry TI A New Subgenus and Species of Neotropical Hylaeus from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A new Neotropical subgenus of Hylaeus, Snellingella, subgenus nov., is described, with Hylaeus amplus, sp. nov., from Costa Rica as the type species. Characteristics to separate the new species from other Costa Rican Hylaeus are provided. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Griswold, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 178 EP 182 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 700WR UT WOS:000285775500009 ER PT J AU Tanner, DA Griswold, T Pitts, JP AF Tanner, David A. Griswold, Terry Pitts, James P. TI A Revision of Dianthidium Subgenus Mecanthidium Michener (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The resin bees of Dianthidium subgenus Mecanthidium Michener are revised. Three species, all endemic to Mexico, are recognized: D. snellingi Tanner and Griswold, sp. nov., from Jalisco, D. zapotecum Tanner and Griswold, sp. nov., from Oaxaca and Chiapas; and the highly variable D. macrurum Cockerell from central Mexico. Dianthidium sonorum Michener is regarded as a new synonym of D. macrurum. A key to the species is provided. C1 [Tanner, David A.; Pitts, James P.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Griswold, Terry] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Tanner, DA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. FU Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, Logan, UT FX We would like to acknowledge Joseph Wilson, Kevin Williams, and Victor Gonzalez for thoughtful reviews of this manuscript; Frank Parker and. Ricardo Ayala for providing recent material. This research was supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, Logan, UT and was approved as journal paper no. 8098 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYMENOPTERISTS PI MADISON PA C/O CRAIG BRABANT, TREAS, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 1630 LINDEN DR, RM 445, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 BP 183 EP 191 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 700WR UT WOS:000285775500010 ER PT J AU Backus, EA Bennett, WH AF Backus, Elaine A. Bennett, William H. TI The AC-DC Correlation Monitor: New EPG design with flexible input resistors to detect both R and emf components for any piercing-sucking hemipteran SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Feeding; Electrical penetration graph; Electronic monitoring of insect feeding; Aphid; Acyrthosiphon pisum; Insecta ID ELECTRICAL PENETRATION GRAPHS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; STYLET PENETRATION; WAVE-FORMS; CIRCULIFER-TENELLUS; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; BEET LEAFHOPPER; FINE-STRUCTURE; APHIDS AB Much of what is known today about hemipteran feeding biology, as well as mechanisms of their host plant interactions and transmission of phytopathogens, has been learned via use of electrical penetration graph (EPG) technology, originally called electronic monitoring of insect feeding. Key to all of this information has been the electronic designs of EPG monitors. It has been 45 years since the publication of the original EPG, the AC monitor, and 30 years since introduction of the DC monitor, an important improvement for EPG science. Herein we describe our new AC-DC Correlation Monitor, the first major improvement in design since the DC monitor. We provide the monitor's block diagram and circuit description, and discuss (as a first example) its application to aphid feeding waveforms. Our instrument combines design features from the existing AC Missouri monitor and the DC Tjallingii monitor, plus several new innovations. It can produce three simultaneous, time-synchronized, output signals from a single insect, via AC and DC signal processing circuitry, as well as using either AC, DC, AC-plus-DC, or 0 V substrate voltage. Our research conclusively demonstrates that AC signal processing can be designed to duplicate the level of detail and fidelity of aphid waveforms previously provided solely by the DC monitor, including all R- and emf-component waveforms. Availability of either AC or DC applied voltages will allow similar high-resolution recording of insects that appear to be sensitive to DC applied voltages. We also begin to determine the subtle reasons why published waveforms from older AC and DC monitors appear to differ so greatly. Our instrument is a single, flexible, universal monitor that can provide maximum, R-plus-emf waveform information from any piercing-sucking species, especially non-aphid species with sensitivity to DC applied voltage. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Backus, Elaine A.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Bennett, William H.] Univ Missouri, Elect Instrument Lab, Otterville, MO 65348 USA. RP Backus, EA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 So Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM elaine.backus@ars.usda.gov; ccbillb@hughes.net FU USDA-APHIS [P526P-06-01824] FX We thank Holly Shugart and Jose Gutierrez for rearing plants and insects for this study. We also are grateful to Dr. Jack Dillwith (Oklahoma State University) for kindly providing faba bean-conditioned pea aphids for our colony (imported into California under USDA-APHIS permit no. P526P-06-01824). Greg Walker (UC Riverside) and Astri Wayadande (Oklahoma State University) made substantive and helpful suggestions to earlier drafts of the manuscript, which we gratefully acknowledge. We also appreciate the comments of three anonymous reviewers. This work was funded by USDA ARS in-house funds and a grant from the University of California Pierce's Disease Research Program. NR 43 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 55 IS 10 BP 869 EP 884 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.05.007 PG 16 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 491MO UT WOS:000269583300001 PM 19482032 ER PT J AU Antunez, K Anido, M Schlapp, G Evans, JD Zunino, P AF Antunez, Karina Anido, Matilde Schlapp, Geraldine Evans, Jay D. Zunino, Pablo TI Characterization of secreted proteases of Paenibacillus larvae, potential virulence factors involved in honeybee larval infection SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paenibacillus larvae; American Foulbrood; Proteases; Pathogenicity ID AMERICAN FOULBROOD; BACTERIAL PATHOGEN; BACILLUS-LARVAE; SUBSP LARVAE; DIAGNOSIS AB Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), the most severe bacterial disease that affects honeybee larvae. AFB causes a significant decrease in the honeybee population affecting the beekeeping industry and agricultural production. After infection of larvae, P. larvae secretes proteases that could be involved in the pathogenicity. In the present article, we present the secretion of different proteases by P. larvae. Inhibition assays confirmed the presence of metalloproteases. Two different proteases patterns (PP1 and PP2) were identified in a collection of P. larvae isolates from different geographic origin. Forty nine percent of P. larvae isolates showed pattern PP1 while 51% exhibited pattern PP2. Most isolates belonging to genotype ERIC I - BOX A presented PP2, most isolates belonging to ERIC I - BOX C presented PP1 although relations were not significant. Isolates belonging to genotypes ERIC II and ERIC III presented PP2. No correlation was observed between the secreted proteases patterns and geographic distribution, since both patterns are widely distributed in Uruguay. According to exposure bioassays, isolates showing PP2 are more virulent than those showing PP1, suggesting that difference in pathogenicity could be related to the secretion of proteases. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Antunez, Karina; Anido, Matilde; Schlapp, Geraldine; Zunino, Pablo] Inst Invest Biol Clemente Estable, Dept Microbiol, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. [Evans, Jay D.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Antunez, K (reprint author), Inst Invest Biol Clemente Estable, Dept Microbiol, Avda Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. EM karina@iibce.edu.uy RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Antunez, Karina/0000-0002-3664-9835 FU PDT [63/112]; PEDECIBA (Uruguay); USDA - ARS (USA) FX Finding support from PDT 63/112 and PEDECIBA (Uruguay) and USDA - ARS (USA). We thank Dawn Lopez for field and laboratory assistance. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 102 IS 2 BP 129 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2009.07.010 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 536SI UT WOS:000273063700006 PM 19638278 ER PT J AU Breck, SW Lance, N Seher, V AF Breck, Stewart W. Lance, Nathan Seher, Victoria TI SELECTIVE FORAGING FOR ANTHROPOGENIC RESOURCES BY BLACK BEARS: MINIVANS IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE black bear; conflict; humans; minivan; resource selection; Ursus americanus; Yosemite National Park ID URSUS-AMERICANUS; CARNIVORES; MANAGEMENT AB Black bears (Ursus americanus) forage selectively in natural environments. To determine if bears also forage selectively for anthropogenic resources we analyzed data on vehicles broken into by bears from Yosemite National Park, California. We classified vehicles into 9 categories based on their make and model and collected data on use (2001-2007) and availability (2004-2005). From 2001 to 2007 bears broke into 908 vehicles at the following rates: minivan (26.0%), sport-utility vehicle (22.5%), small car (17.1%), sedan (13.7%), truck (11.9%), van (4.2%), sports car (1.7%), coupe (1.7%), and station wagon (1.4%). Only use of minivans (29%) during 2004-2005 was significantly higher than expected (7%). We discuss several competing hypotheses about why bears selected minivans. C1 [Breck, Stewart W.; Lance, Nathan] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Seher, Victoria] Yosemite Natl Pk, Yosemite, CA 95389 USA. RP Breck, SW (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM stewart.w.breck@aphis.usda.gov FU Yosemite National Park; United States Department of Agriculture-Wildlife Service-National Wildlife Research Center FX We acknowledge the assistance of Yosemite National Park staff and thank J. Berger, M. Goldstein, J. Shivik, and K. Vercauteren for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was funded by Yosemite National Park and the United States Department of Agriculture-Wildlife Service-National Wildlife Research Center. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 21 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1041 EP 1044 DI 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-056.1 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 509GG UT WOS:000271002400001 ER PT J AU Lacki, MJ Cox, DR Dodd, LE Dickinson, MB AF Lacki, Michael J. Cox, Daniel R. Dodd, Luke E. Dickinson, Matthew B. TI RESPONSE OF NORTHERN BATS (MYOTIS SEPTENTRIONALIS) TO PRESCRIBED FIRES IN EASTERN KENTUCKY FORESTS SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE diet; fire ecology; foraging habitat; habitat selection; home range; insect communities; Myotis septentrionalis; northern bats; prescribed fire; roost selection ID LONG-EARED BAT; MIXED-OAK FORESTS; ROOST SELECTION; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; MATERNITY COLONIES; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; NYCTALUS-NOCTULA; UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL IDAHO AB Prescribed fire is becoming a common management tool for restoring forests of North America; however, effects of prescribed fire on forest-dwelling bats remain unclear. During 2006 and 2007, we monitored prey availability, diet, foraging behavior, and roost selection of adult female northern bats (Myotis septentrionalis) before and after 2 prescribed fires in dissected terrain of the Red River Gorge on the Daniel Boone National Forest in eastern Kentucky. Size of home ranges and core areas did not vary between bats radiotracked before and after fires. Bats foraged more often in the vicinity of pine stands than hardwood or mixed stands, and along ridges and midslopes than lower slopes, regardless of burn condition. Home ranges were closer to burned habitats following fires than to unburned habitats. Abundance of coleopterans, dipterans, and all insects combined captured in blacklight traps increased following prescribed fires. Fecal samples of bats demonstrated lepidopterans, coleopterans, and dipterans to be the 3 most important groups of insect prey, with consumption of dipterans increasing after burning. Bats chose roosts that were taller in height and in earlier stages of decay than random snags, and after prescribed fires chose roosts in trees with a greater number of cavities and a higher percentage of bark coverage. More roosts were observed in burned habitats (74.3%; n = 26) after fires than in unburned habitats (25.7%; n = 9). The results of this work suggest that northern bats are tolerant to prescribed fire on the landscape pattern and scale observed in this study. Northern bats responded to habitat alterations resulting from prescribed fires through shifts in the location of foraging areas as bats tracked changes in insect availability, and through shifts in the selection of roost trees by occupying trees and snags possessing more potential roosting microsites. C1 [Lacki, Michael J.; Cox, Daniel R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Dodd, Luke E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Dickinson, Matthew B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Lacki, MJ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM mlacki@uky.edu OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 FU College of Agriculture; University of Kentucky; Joint Fire Science Program FX We thank Daniel Boone National Forest for access, permission, and cooperation during the prescribed burns, especially E. J. Bunzendahl for coordination efforts, B. Borovicka for assistance with radiotracking, and R. Hunter for safety oversight. L. Miller, W. Borovicka, A. Bova, and R. Kremens assisted with data collection during the burns, and E. Carlisle and J. Adarns assisted with radiotracking of bats before and after the burns. This study was funded by the College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, and by a grant from the Joint Fire Science Program. All methods and use of animals associated with this project have been approved by the University of Kentucky Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC 01039A2006). This investigation is connected with a project of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station (KAES 08-09-086) and is published with approval of the director. The senior author dedicates this paper to the memory of H. M. Lacki. NR 91 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 58 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1175 DI 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-349.1 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 509GG UT WOS:000271002400013 ER PT J AU Palencia, ER Klich, MA Glenn, AE Bacon, CW AF Palencia, Edwin R. Klich, Maren A. Glenn, Anthony E. Bacon, Charles W. TI Use of a rep-PCR system to predict species in the Aspergillus section Nigri SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus section Nigri; Maize; Repetitive sequence-based PCR; Mycotoxin; Ochratoxin A; Aspergillus niger; Toxic fungi; DiversiLab Aspergillus Kit ID A-PRODUCING FUNGI; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; SEQUENCE-BASED PCR; OCHRATOXIN-A; DIVERSILAB SYSTEM; DNA-SEQUENCES; IN-VIVO; NIGER; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS AB The Aspergillus niger aggregate within the A. section Nigri is a group of black-spored aspergilli of great agroeconomic importance whose well defined taxonomy has been elusive. Rep-PCR has become a rapid and cost-effective method for genotyping fungi and bacteria. In the present study, we evaluated the discriminatory power of a semi-automated rep-PCR barcoding system to distinguish morphotypic species and compare the results with the data obtained from ITS and partial calmodulin regions. For this purpose, 20 morphotyped black-spored Aspergillus species were used to create the A. section Nigri library in this barcoding system that served to identify 34 field isolates. A pair-wise similarity matrix was calculated using the cone-based Pearson correlation method and the dendrogram was generated by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), illustrating four different clustered groups: the uniseriate cluster (I), the Aspergillus carbonarius cluster (II), and. the two A. niger aggregate clusters (named III.A and III.B). Rep-PCR showed higher resolution than the ITS and the partial calmodulin gene analytical procedures. The data of the 34 unknown field isolates, collected from different locations in the United States, indicated that only 12% of the field isolates were >95% similar to one of the genotypes included in the A. section Nigri library. However, 64% of the field isolates matched genotypes with the reference library (similarity values >90%). Based on these results, this barcoding procedure has the potential for use as a reproducible tool for identifying the black-spored aspergilli. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Palencia, Edwin R.; Glenn, Anthony E.; Bacon, Charles W.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, RB Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Palencia, Edwin R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Klich, Maren A.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, RB Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM charles.bacon@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 EI 1872-8359 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.07.012 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 511MH UT WOS:000271168900001 PM 19628011 ER PT J AU Belisle, SE Leka, LS Delgado-Lista, J Jacques, PF Ordovas, JM Meydani, SN AF Belisle, Sarah E. Leka, Lynette S. Delgado-Lista, Javier Jacques, Paul F. Ordovas, Jose M. Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Polymorphisms at Cytokine Genes May Determine the Effect of Vitamin E on Cytokine Production in the Elderly SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TYPE-2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS; MIDDLE-AGED INDIVIDUALS; HEALTHY OLDER-ADULTS; E SUPPLEMENTATION; TNF-ALPHA; TOCOPHEROL SUPPLEMENTATION; WHOLE-BLOOD; INFLUENZA-VIRUS AB Vitamin E has been shown to affect cytokine production. However, individual response to vitamin E supplementation varies. Previous studies indicate that cytokine production is heritable and common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) may explain differences in cytokine production between individuals. We hypothesize that the differential response to the immunomodulatory actions of vitamin E reflects genetic differences among individuals, including SNP at cytokine genes that modulate cytokine production. We used data from a double-blind, placebo-controlled 1-y vitamin E (182 mg d,l-alpha-tocopherol) intervention study in elderly men and women (mean age 83 y) to test this hypothesis (vitamin E, n = 47; placebo, n = 63). We found that the effect of vitamin E on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production in whole blood stimulated for 24 h with lipopolysaccharide (1.0 mg/L) is dependent on TNF alpha-308G > A. Participants with the A/A and A/G genotypes at TNF alpha-308G > A who were treated with vitamin E had lower TNF alpha production than those with the A allele treated with placebo. These observations suggest that individual immune responses to vitamin E supplementation are in part mediated by genetic factors. Because the A allele at TNF alpha has been previously associated with higher TNF alpha levels in whole blood and isolated immune cells, our observations suggest that the antiinflammatory effect of vitamin E is specific to those genetically predisposed to higher inflammation. Further studies are needed to determine the biological mechanism driving the interaction between vitamin E treatment and TNF alpha-308G > A and its implications for disease resistance. J. Nutr. 139: 1855-1860, 2009. C1 [Belisle, Sarah E.; Leka, Lynette S.; Jacques, Paul F.; Ordovas, Jose M.; Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Delgado-Lista, Javier] Univ Cordoba, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Inst Maimonides Invest Biomed Cordoba,CIBER Fisio, E-14004 Cordoba, Spain. [Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Sackler Grad Sch Biochem Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institute on Aging, NIH [5R01-AG013975]; Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged (HRCA)/Harvard Research Nursing Home [PO1 AG004390] FX Supported by a National Institute on Aging, NIH grant 5R01-AG013975, USDA agreement 58-1950-7-707, a grant for the preparation of study capsules from Hoffman LaRoche Inc, and a DSM Nutritional Products, Inc. scholarship. The study was also supported by Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged (HRCA)/Harvard Research Nursing Home PO1 AG004390 to Dr. Lipsitz, which facilitated recruitment of participants and conduct of the study at Hebrew Rehabilitation Center. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN) is an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Government of Spain. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 139 IS 10 BP 1855 EP 1860 DI 10.3945/jn.109.112268 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 498XN UT WOS:000270179300004 PM 19710156 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Thompson, JT Vanden Heuvel, JP AF Lee, Yunkyoung Thompson, Jerry T. Vanden Heuvel, John P. TI 9E,11E-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Increases Expression of the Endogenous Antiinflammatory Factor, Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist, in RAW 264.7 Cells SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MONOCYTES; DEPENDENT MECHANISM; IL-1; ISOMER; DISEASE; MICE; ANTICARCINOGENS; DERIVATIVES; PRODUCTS; PROTEIN AB Despite having a similar structure, various conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have a distinct gene expression pattern in RAW 264.7 (RAW) cells, a mouse macrophage cell line. Among the 5 CLA isomers tested [9cis(Z),11 trans(E)-, 9Z,11Z-, 9E,11E-, 10E,12Z-, and 11Z,13E-CLA], only 9E,11E-CLA induced the endogenous antiinflammatory molecule, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra), in RAW cells. In this study, the mechanism and effects of IL-1 Ra regulation by 9E,11E-CLA in RAW cells was studied in detail. 9E,11E-CLA induced IL-1 Ra in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas it decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 mRNA levels and protein levels, To determine the importance of IL-1Ra in the antiinflammatory effects of this particular CLA isomer, IL-1Ra protein levels were repressed in RAW cells using small interference RNA inhibitor expression. In the presence of IL-1Ra small interference RNA, the induction of this molecule was ablated, as was the decrease of LPS-induced IL-1 alpha and IL-6 mRNA levels by 9E,11E-CLA. The IL-1 Ra increase due to this CLA isomer was transcriptionally regulated, although there was no response element(s) affected by 9E,11E-CLA in the first 1.5 kb of the IL-1 Ra promoter. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, LY294002 and the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor rapamycin, abolished the IL-1 Ra induction by 9E, 11E-CLA, whereas other kinase inhibitors did not affect this response. Taken together, 9E, 11E-CLA exerts unique antiinflammatory effects by increasing an endogenous repressor of IL-1 signaling. J. Nutr. 139: 1861-1866, 2009. C1 [Thompson, Jerry T.; Vanden Heuvel, John P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Thompson, Jerry T.; Vanden Heuvel, John P.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Excellence Nutrigenom, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lee, Yunkyoung] Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Vanden Heuvel, JP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jpv2@psu.edu OI Lee, Yunkyoung/0000-0001-6453-769X FU Penn State University Center of Nutrigenomics FX Supported in part by Penn State University Center of Nutrigenomics. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 139 IS 10 BP 1861 EP 1866 DI 10.3945/jn.108.100461 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 498XN UT WOS:000270179300005 PM 19656856 ER PT J AU Wilson, FA Suryawan, A Orellana, RA Kimball, SR Gazzaneo, MC Nguyen, HV Fiorotto, ML Davis, TA AF Wilson, Fiona A. Suryawan, Agus Orellana, Renan A. Kimball, Scot R. Gazzaneo, Maria C. Nguyen, Hanh V. Fiorotto, Marta L. Davis, Teresa A. TI Feeding Rapidly Stimulates Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle of Neonatal Pigs by Enhancing Translation Initiation SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CHAIN AMINO-ACIDS; MAMMALIAN TARGET; FACTOR ACTIVATION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; DIETARY-PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; RAT HEARTS; INSULIN; MTOR; RAPAMYCIN AB Food consumption increases protein synthesis in most tissues by promoting translation initiation, and in the neonate, this increase is greatest in skeletal muscle. In this study, we aimed to identify the currently unknown time course of changes in the rate of protein synthesis and the activation of factors involved in translation in neonatal muscle after a meal. After overnight food deprivation, 36 5- to 7-d-old piglets were administered a nutritionally complete bolus i.g. meal and were killed immediately before or 30, 60, 90, 120, or 240 min later. The increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis peaked 30 min after the meal and this was sustained through 120 min, returning to baseline thereafter. The relative proportion of polysomes to nonpolysomes was higher only after 30 min. Protein kinase B phosphorylation peaked 30 min after feeding and returned to baseline by 90 min. The phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6, and eIF4G was increased within 30 min of feeding and persisted through 120 min, but all had returned to baseline by 240 min. The association of 4E-BP1.eIF4E was reduced and eIF4E.eIF4G increased 30 min after receiving a meal, remaining so for 120 min, before returning to baseline at 240 min. Thus, in neonates, food consumption rapidly increased skeletal muscle protein synthesis by enhancing translation initiation and this increase was sustained for at least 120 min after the meal but returned to baseline by 240 min after the feeding. J. Nutr. 139: 1873-1880, 2009. C1 [Wilson, Fiona A.; Suryawan, Agus; Orellana, Renan A.; Gazzaneo, Maria C.; Nguyen, Hanh V.; Fiorotto, Marta L.; Davis, Teresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wilson, Fiona A.; Kimball, Scot R.] Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIH [R01 AR-44474, 901 DK15658, K08 AR-51563]; USDA/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) FX Supported in part by NIH grants R01 AR-44474, 901 DK15658, and K08 AR-51563 and the USDA/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) under Cooperative Agreement number 6250510000-33. This work is a publication of the USDA, ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 139 IS 10 BP 1873 EP 1880 DI 10.3945/jn.109.106781 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 498XN UT WOS:000270179300007 PM 19692527 ER PT J AU McKeown, NM Yoshida, M Shea, MK Jacques, PF Lichtenstein, AH Rogers, G Booth, SL Saltzman, E AF McKeown, Nicola M. Yoshida, Makiko Shea, M. Kyla Jacques, Paul F. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Rogers, Gail Booth, Sarah L. Saltzman, Edward TI Whole-Grain Intake and Cereal Fiber Are Associated with Lower Abdominal Adiposity in Older Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY FIBER; RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; GLYCEMIC LOAD; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE AB Foods high in dietary fiber may play an important role in regulating body weight. Few observational studies have examined the relationship between dietary fiber from different sources and body fat in older adults. Our objectives were to examine the associations among grain intake (whole and refined), dietary fiber and fiber sources, and body fat among older adults. We used data from 434 free-living adults (177 men and 257 women) aged between 60 and 80 y. Dietary intake was estimated from a 126-item semiquantitative FFQ. Percent body fat and percent trunk fat mass were measured by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After adjustment for covariates, whole-grain intake was inversely associated with BMI [26.8 kg/m(2) (25.7-28.1) vs. 25.8 kg/m(2) (24.6-27.1), (95% CI); P-trend = 0.08], percent body fat [34.5% (32.7-36.3) vs. 32.1% (30.1-34.1); P-trend = 0.02], and percent trunk fat mass [43.0% (40.4-45.5) vs. 39.4% (36.7-42.1); P-trend = 0.02] in the lowest compared with the highest quartile category of whole-grain intake. Refined grain intake was not associated with any measure of body fat distribution. Cereal fiber was inversely associated with BMI [27.3 kg/m(2) (26.1-28.6) vs. 25.4 kg/m(2) (24.3-26.7); P-trend = 0.012], percent body fat [34.7% (32.8-36.6) vs. 31.5% (29.4-33.5); P-trend = 0.004], and percent trunk fat mass [42.8% (40.2-45.4) vs. 37.8% (35.0-40.6); P-trend = 0.001]. No significant association was observed between intakes of total fiber, vegetable or fruit fiber, and body composition measurements. Higher intakes of cereal fiber, particularly from whole-grain sources, are associated with lower total percent body fat and percent trunk fat mass in older adults. J. Nutr. 139: 1950-1955, 2009. C1 [McKeown, Nicola M.; Jacques, Paul F.; Rogers, Gail] Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Yoshida, Makiko; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Shea, M. Kyla; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Vitamin Lab K, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Saltzman, Edward] Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [McKeown, Nicola M.; Jacques, Paul F.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Booth, Sarah L.; Saltzman, Edward] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP McKeown, NM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nicola.mckeown@tufts.edu FU USDA; NIH [AG14759, HL69272, TH32 HL69772-01A1]; AHA [0515605T]; Human Nutrition Research Center; General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Technology in Japan FX Supported by the USDA under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707, NIH (AG14759, HL69272, and TH32 HL69772-01A1), and the AHA (0515605T), a Pilot Grant Initiative from the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and funding from the General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN. M.Y. was supported by a Graduate Student Scholarship from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Technology in Japan. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA, NR 45 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 139 IS 10 BP 1950 EP 1955 DI 10.3945/jn.108.103762 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 498XN UT WOS:000270179300018 PM 19726588 ER PT J AU Talegawkar, SA Beretta, G Yeum, KJ Johnson, EJ Carithers, TC Taylor, HA Russell, RM Tucker, KL AF Talegawkar, Sameera A. Beretta, Giangiacomo Yeum, Kyung-Jin Johnson, Elizabeth J. Carithers, Teresa C. Taylor, Herman A., Jr. Russell, Robert M. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Total Antioxidant Performance Is Associated with Diet and Serum Antioxidants in Participants of the Diet and Physical Activity Substudy of the Jackson Heart Study SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADULTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; PLASMA ANTIOXIDANTS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CAPACITY; WOMEN AB Total antioxidant performance (TAP) measures antioxidant capacities in both hydrophilic and lipophilic compartments of serum and interactions known to exist between them. Our objective was to assess TAP levels in a subset of Jackson Heart Study (JHS) participants and to examine associations with dietary and total (diet + supplement) intakes of alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol (diet only), beta-carotene, vitamin C, fruit, vegetables, and nuts, and serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, and beta-carotene. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 420 (mean age 61 y; 254 women) African American men and women participating in the Diet and Physical Activity Sub-Study of the JHS in Jackson, Mississippi. In multivariate-adjusted models, we observed positive associations between total alpha-tocopherol, total and dietary beta-carotene, and total vitamin C intakes and TAP levels (P-trend < 0.05). Positive associations were also observed for vegetable, fruit, and total fruit and vegetable intakes (P-trend < 0.05). For serum antioxidant nutrients, alpha-tocopherol but not beta-carotene was associated with serum TAP levels. There were inverse associations for serum gamma-tocopherol and TAP levels. Associations for alpha-tocopherol were seen at intake levels much higher than the current Recommended Dietary Allowance. It may, therefore, be prudent to focus on increasing consumption of fruit, vegetables, nuts, and seeds to increase total antioxidant capacity, J. Nutr. 139: 1964-1971, 2009. C1 [Yeum, Kyung-Jin; Johnson, Elizabeth J.; Russell, Robert M.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Talegawkar, Sameera A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Div Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21025 USA. [Beretta, Giangiacomo] Univ Milan, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Carithers, Teresa C.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Family & Consumer Studies, University, MS 38677 USA. [Taylor, Herman A., Jr.] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson Heart Study, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Beretta, Giangiacomo/D-3861-2011; Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Beretta, Giangiacomo/0000-0003-0987-0857 FU NIH [N01-HC-95170, N01-HC-95171, N01-HC-95172]; National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities; USDA FX Supported by NIH contracts N01-HC-95170, N01-HC-95171, and N01-HC-95172 that were provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities and by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service no. 6251-53000-003-00D and n. 58-1950-7-707. NR 54 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 139 IS 10 BP 1964 EP 1971 DI 10.3945/jn.109.107870 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 498XN UT WOS:000270179300020 PM 19710166 ER PT J AU You, W Zhang, G Davy, BM Carlson, A Lin, BH AF You, Wen Zhang, Ge Davy, Brenda M. Carlson, Andrea Lin, Biing-Hwan TI Food Consumed Away from Home Can Be a Part of a Healthy and Affordable Diet SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ENERGY DENSITY; EATING INDEX-2005; UNITED-STATES; ASSOCIATION; OBESITY; COSTS; PLAN; US AB The benefit calculation of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly the Food Stamp Program, is based primarily on results of the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) developed by the USDA. By using a nonlinear mathematical programming approach, the TFP provides a dietary pattern recommendation that deviates the least from low-income consumers' consumption pattern, meets dietary guidelines, and is economical. The TFP stipulates that all foods should be purchased at stores and prepared at home [food at home (FAH)] and excludes an important part of current consumers' diet, food away from home (FAFH). Our purpose was to evaluate the feasibility and nutritional impact of adding a FAFH dimension into the TIFF model framework. Measures of energy density, nutrients and food group composition, and the overall diet quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2005 were calculated and compared across the TFP, the TFP with FAFH, and low-income consumers' diet pattern. Our results indicated that considering moderate FAFH in the TFP yielded similar nutrient and food group composition as the original TFP while greatly increasing the practicality and adaptability of the recommended dietary pattern. These findings may be used by nutrition educators to develop healthful FAFH choices for individuals receiving SNAP benefits. J. Nutr. 139: 1994-1999, 2009. C1 [You, Wen; Zhang, Ge] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Davy, Brenda M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Human Nutr Foods & Exercise, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Carlson, Andrea] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. [Lin, Biing-Hwan] USDA, Diet Safety & Hlth Econ Branch, Food Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP You, W (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. EM wenyou@vt.edu FU Economic Research Service at USDA Cooperative Agreement FX Supported by the Economic Research Service at USDA Cooperative Agreement no. 58-400-7-0035. The views expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the USDA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 139 IS 10 BP 1994 EP 1999 DI 10.3945/jn.109.107615 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 498XN UT WOS:000270179300024 PM 19692531 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, Jae B. TI 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid orally administered suppress P-selectin expression on mouse platelets SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 5-Caffeoylquinic acid; Chlorogenic acid; Caffeic acid; COX inhibitor; P-selectin; Platelet activation; Mice ID CHLOROGENIC ACID; COFFEE CONSUMPTION; CELL-ADHESION; IN-VITRO; DISEASE; THROMBOSIS; RATS; INFLAMMATION; COAGULATION; HUMANS AB Caffeic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid are naturally occurring phenolic acid and its quinic acid ester found in plants. In this article, potential effects of 5-caffcoylquinic acid and caffeic acid on P-selectin expression were investigated due to its significant involvement in platelet activation. First, the effects of 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid on cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes were determined due to their profound involvement in regulating P-selectin expression on platelets. At the concentration of 0.05 mu M, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid were both able to inhibit COX-I enzyme activity by 60% (P<013) and 57% (P<017), respectively. At the same concentration, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid were also able to inhibit COX-H enzyme activity by 59% (P<012) and 56% (P<015), respectively. As expected, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid were correspondingly able to inhibit P-selectin expression on the platelets by 33% (P<011) and 35% (P<018), at the concentration of 0.05 mu M. In animal studies, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid orally administered to mice were detected as intact forms in the plasma. Also, P-selectin expression was respectively reduced by 21% (P<016) and 44% (P<019) in the plasma samples from mice orally administered 5-caffeoylquinic acid (400 jug per 30 g body weight) and caffeic acid (50 mu g per 30 g body weight). These data suggest that both 5-caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid orally administered can be absorbed and suppress P-selectin expression on mouse platelets. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jae.park@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 EI 1873-4847 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 20 IS 10 BP 800 EP 805 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.07.009 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 502EY UT WOS:000270439400007 PM 18926684 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lappin, MR Kwok, OCH Mofya, S Chilkweto, A Baffa, A Doherty, D Shakeri, J Macpherson, CNL Sharma, RN AF Dubey, J. P. Lappin, M. R. Kwok, O. C. H. Mofya, S. Chilkweto, A. Baffa, A. Doherty, D. Shakeri, J. Macpherson, C. N. L. Sharma, R. N. TI SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII AND CONCURRENT BARTONELLA SPP., FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, AND FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS INFECTIONS IN CATS FROM GRENADA, WEST INDIES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC CATS; FERAL CATS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SEROLOGICAL SURVEY; TISSUE CYSTS; STRAY CATS; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; RESPONSES AB Toxoplasma gondii and Bartonella spp. are zoonotic pathogens of cats. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLv) are related to human immunodeficiency virus, and human leukemia virus, respectively; all of these viruses are immunosuppressive. In the present study, the prevalence of antibodies to T. gondi, Bartonella spp., FIV. as well its FeLv antigen were determined in sera from 75 domestic and 101 feral cats (Felis catus) front the Caribbean island of Grenada. West Inches. Using it modified agglutination test, antibodies to T. gondii were found in 23 (30.6%) of the 75 pet cats with titers of 1:25 in I 1 :50 in 3, 1 :400 in 4, 1:500 in 12, 1:800 in 2, and 1: 1,600 in 1. and 28 (27.7%) of 10 1 feral cats with titers of 1:25 in 4, 1:50 in 7. 1:200 in 4. 1:400 in 1, 1:500 in 3, 1:800 in 2, 1:1,600 in 3, and 1:3,200 in 4. Overall, in both pet and feral cats. the seroprevalence increased with age. Antibodies to Barlonella spp. were found in 38 (50.6%) of the 75 pet cats and 52.4% of 101 feral cats. Antibodies to FIV were found in 6 domestic and 22 feral cats. None of the 176 cats was positive for FeLv antigen. There was no correlation among 7. gondii, Bartonella spp., and FIV seropositivity. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Lappin, M. R.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Mofya, S.; Chilkweto, A.; Baffa, A.; Doherty, D.; Shakeri, J.; Macpherson, C. N. L.; Sharma, R. N.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1129 EP 1133 DI 10.1645/GE-2114.1 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 522RH UT WOS:000272015500014 PM 19385716 ER PT J AU Miska, KB Jenkins, MC Trout, JM Santin, M Fayer, R AF Miska, K. B. Jenkins, M. C. Trout, J. M. Santin, M. Fayer, R. TI DETECTION AND COMPARISON OF GIARDIA VIRUS (GLV) FROM DIFFERENT ASSEMBLAGES OF GIARDIA DUODENALIS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; WEANED DAIRY CALVES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PREVALENCE; GENOTYPES; LAMBLIA; CATTLE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; RESISTANT; HUMANS AB Five assemblages of Giardia duodenalis were identified from cysts in cattle, dog, cat, sheep, and reindeer feces using ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Assemblage A was present in cattle and reindeer feces, Assemblages C and D were present in dog feces, Assemblage E was present in cattle and sheep feces, and Assemblage F was present in cat Feces. Giardia Virus. originally referred to as Giardia lamblia virus (GLV), is a double-stranded RNA virus. pruners designed for the GLV capsid protein gene identified GLV sequences in G. lamblia from a reindeer (Assemblage A) and from a dog (Assemblage C). Two distinct GLV sequences were identified in the dog specimen and I sequence was identified in the reindeer specimen. None of these GLV sequences was identical with previously published GLV sequences. It appears that GLVs are genetically diverse and that more than I virion can be present in a single sample. Because many of the specimens that contained cysts were found to be negative for GLV. It appears that this test tor capsid protein is of limited value for the purposes of detecting G. lamblia. C1 [Miska, K. B.; Jenkins, M. C.; Trout, J. M.; Santin, M.; Fayer, R.] ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miska, KB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 1042 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kate.miska@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1200 DI 10.1645/GE-1876.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 522RH UT WOS:000272015500026 PM 19320541 ER PT J AU Wong, WW Abrams, SH Mikhail, C Terrazas, NL Wilson, TA Arceo, D Mrowczynski, PK King, KL Stansel, AD Albright, AN Barlow, SE Brown, KO Brown, JD Klish, WJ AF Wong, William W. Abrams, Stephanie H. Mikhail, Carmen Terrazas, Norma L. Wilson, Theresa A. Arceo, Diana Mrowczynski, Paula K. King, Kristi L. Stansel, Amanda D. Albright, Ashley N. Barlow, Sarah E. Brown, Kimberly O. Brown, Jason D. Klish, William J. TI An Innovative Summer Camp Program Improves Weight and Self-esteem in Obese Children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Behavior modification; Childhood obesity; Nutrition knowledge; Obese children; Physical activity; Summer camp ID OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN; OUTCOMES AB To determine the potential benefits of a residential summer camp to treat childhood obesity, 21 obese, multiethnic children (aged 11.4 +/- 1.4 years; body mass index [BMI] percentile 98.5 +/- 1.4; BMI z score 2.30 +/- 0.33) from a diverse socioeconomic background were enrolled in a 2-week summer camp program. Significant improvements (P < 0.04) were observed in self-esteem (+0.27 +/- 0.33 point), body weight (-3.7 +/- 1.2 kg), BMI (-1.60 +/- 0.48 kg/m(2)), BMI z score (-0.12 +/- 0.06), number of curl ups (+10.9 +/- 21.5), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-10.8 +/- 13.4 and -9.4 +/- 5.5 mmHg, respectively), and heart rate (-8.2 +/- 12.7 bpm). JPGN 49:493-497, 2009. C1 [Wong, William W.; Wilson, Theresa A.] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Abrams, Stephanie H.; Mikhail, Carmen; Terrazas, Norma L.; Mrowczynski, Paula K.; King, Kristi L.; Stansel, Amanda D.; Albright, Ashley N.; Barlow, Sarah E.; Klish, William J.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wong, William W.; Abrams, Stephanie H.; Mikhail, Carmen; Wilson, Theresa A.; Arceo, Diana; Barlow, Sarah E.; Klish, William J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Brown, Kimberly O.; Brown, Jason D.] Cho Yeh Camp & Conf Ctr Inc, Livingston, TX USA. RP Wong, WW (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates S, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM wwong@bcm.edu FU Houston Endowment FX The project is partially supported by funds from the Houston Endowment. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 493 EP 497 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 502PU UT WOS:000270473200021 PM 19590448 ER PT J AU Eshghi, A Cullen, PA Cowen, L Zuerner, RL Cameron, CE AF Eshghi, Azad Cullen, Paul A. Cowen, Laura Zuerner, Richard L. Cameron, Caroline E. TI Global Proteome Analysis of Leptospira interrogans SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE comparative proteomics; iTRAQ; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; mass spectrometry; Leptospira; virulence factors; pathogenesis ID ABSOLUTE QUANTITATION ITRAQ; SURFACE-EXPOSED LIPOPROTEIN; ISOBARIC TAGGING REAGENTS; OUTER-MEMBRANE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEROVAR LAI; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; SEQUENCE CONSERVATION; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS AB Comparative global proteome analyses were performed on Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni grown under conventional in vitro conditions and those mimicking in vivo conditions (iron limitation and serum presence). Proteomic analyses were conducted using iTRAQ and LC-ESI-tandem mass spectrometry complemented with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 563 proteins were identified in this study. Altered expression of 65 proteins, including upregulation of the L. interrogans virulence factor Loa22 and 5 novel proteins with homology to virulence factors found in other pathogens, was observed between the comparative conditions. Immunoblot analyses confirmed upregulation of 5 of the known or putative virulence factors in L. interrogans exposed to the in vivo-like environmental conditions. Further, ELISA analyses using serum from patients with leptospirosis and immunofluorescence studies performed on liver sections derived from L. interrogans-infected hamsters verified expression of all but one of the identified proteins during infection. These studies, which represent the first documented comparative global proteome analysis of Leptospira, demonstrated proteome alterations under conditions that mimic in vivo infection and allowed for the identification of novel putative L. interrogans virulence factors. C1 [Eshghi, Azad; Cameron, Caroline E.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Cowen, Laura] Univ Victoria, Dept Math & Stat, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Cullen, Paul A.] Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Australian Bacterial Pathogenesis Program, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Cullen, Paul A.] Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Victorian Bioinformat Consortium, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Zuerner, Richard L.] ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, NADC, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cameron, CE (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Victoria, BC, Canada. EM caroc@uvic.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [327186]; British Columbia Proteomics Network; Canada Foundation for Innovation; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; NHMRC Q Martin Fellow; Canada Research Chair in Molecular Pathogenesis; Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar FX The authors would like to thank Ami Frank and Richard Hornsby for excellent technical assistance, Dr. David Haake for the generous gifts of L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130 and anti-LICI3050 serum, Drs. Albert Ko and Wesley C. Van Voorhis for providing Leptospira-positive serum samples, Dr. Torsten Seemann at the Victorian Bioinformatics Consortium for providing access to the spirochete database, Dr. Martin Boulanger for his gift of the pFT28a vector and assistance with construct design, Anna von Rossum and Marcus Barron for assistance with recombinant protein production, Dr. Christoph Borchers, Derek Smith, Monica Elliott, Darryl Hardie, and the members of the University of Victoria-Genome BC Proteomics Centre for their support and guidance with the proteomic analyses, Paul Hauer, Mary Rasmusson, and Sue Whitaker for supplying tissue from infected hamsters, and Judy Stasko for histology support. This work was supported by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (327186; C.E.C.), the British Columbia Proteomics Network (C.E.C.), the Canada Foundation for Innovation (C.E.C.), and the British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund (C.E.C). P.A.C. is a NHMRC Q Martin Fellow and C.E.C. is a Canada Research Chair in Molecular Pathogenesis and a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar. NR 81 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 8 IS 10 BP 4564 EP 4578 DI 10.1021/pr9004597 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 501BM UT WOS:000270353900015 PM 19663501 ER PT J AU Shypailo, RJ Ellis, KJ AF Shypailo, Roman J. Ellis, K. J. TI Monte Carlo efficiency calibration of a neutron generator-based total-body irradiator SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Prompt gamma neutron activation; Neutron generator; Monte Carlo; MCNP; Obesity ID ACTIVATION FACILITY; IN-VIVO; NITROGEN; DESIGN; INVIVO AB Many body composition measurement systems are calibrated against a single-sized reference phantom. Prompt-gamma neutron activation (PGNA) provides the only direct measure of total body nitrogen (TBN), an index of the body's lean tissue mass. In PGNA systems, body size influences neutron flux attenuation, induced gamma signal distribution, and counting efficiency. Thus, calibration based on a single-sized phantom could result in inaccurate TBN values. We used Monte Carlo simulations (MCNP-5; Los Alamos National Laboratory) in order to map a system's response to the range of body weights (65-160 kg) and body fat distributions (25-60%) in obese humans. Calibration curves were constructed to derive body-size correction factors relative to a standard reference phantom, providing customized adjustments to account for differences in body habitus of obese adults. The use of MCNP-generated calibration curves should allow for a better estimate of the true changes in lean tissue mass that many occur during intervention programs focused only on weight loss. C1 [Shypailo, Roman J.; Ellis, K. J.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Shypailo, RJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM shypailo@bcm.edu FU USDA/ARS [58-6250-6-001] FX This work is a publication of the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. Funding has been provided from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6-001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 282 IS 1 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s10967-009-0220-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 509OM UT WOS:000271027400048 ER PT J AU Athanassiou, CG Arthur, FH Throne, JE AF Athanassiou, C. G. Arthur, F. H. Throne, J. E. TI Efficacy of spinosad in layer-treated wheat against five stored-product insect species SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Beetles; Psocids; Surface treatments; Grain protectants ID RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA COLEOPTERA; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; F COLEOPTERA; PSOCID PESTS; GRAIN; CURCULIONIDAE; BOSTRICHIDAE; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS AB The biological insecticide spinosad was evaluated in laboratory bioassays as a surface treatment for wheat to control adult Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae and three psocid species, Liposcelis paeta, L. bostrychophila, and Lepinotus reticulatus. Spinosad was applied at I ppm to 35 g of wheat placed in a vial or to the upper one half, one fourth, or one eighth layer of the wheat: insects were either added to the vials before or after the wheat. When R. dominica were introduced into the vials after the wheat, mortality was 100% except for 83% mortality in the one eighth layer treatment. In contrast, when adults were placed in the vials before the wheat, mortality was 100% only when all of the wheat was treated. Mortality of S. oryzae was lower compared to R. dominica but there was some evidence of upward movement into the treated layers. Mortality of L. paeta and L. bostrychophila was <50% when the entire quantity was treated, in contrast to 100% mortality of L. reticulatus. However, for all psocid species, overall mortality decreased with decreasing depth of the treated layer. The results of this laboratory study show that while spinosad has some effectiveness as a layer treatment on a column of wheat, efficacy will be dependent on the target species, the depth of the treated layer, and the upward or downward mobility of the insect species. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Athanassiou, C. G.] Agr Univ Athens, Lab Agr Zool & Entomol, Athens 11855, Greece. [Athanassiou, C. G.; Arthur, F. H.; Throne, J. E.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Athanassiou, CG (reprint author), Agr Univ Athens, Lab Agr Zool & Entomol, 75 Lera Odos, Athens 11855, Greece. EM athanas@aua.gr NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 236 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2009.04.002 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 519KZ UT WOS:000271766600004 ER PT J AU Nansen, C Flinn, P Hagstrum, D Toews, MD Meikle, WG AF Nansen, Christian Flinn, Paul Hagstrum, David Toews, Michael D. Meikle, William G. TI Interspecific associations among stored-grain beetles SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Species interactions; Cryptolestes ferrugineus; Post-harvest; Insect ecology; Rhyzopertha dominica; Tribolium castaneum ID CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS COLEOPTERA; RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA COLEOPTERA; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM COLEOPTERA; PRINCIPAL-COMPONENT ANALYSIS; ORYZAEPHILUS-SURINAMENSIS L; MAIZE WEEVILS COLEOPTERA; SIMULATION-MODEL; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; INSECT POPULATIONS; PRODUCT INSECTS AB Recent increases in prices of raw grain, including wheat, will reduce action thresholds for insect damage and therefore justify more research into management practices and understanding of pest ecology in stored grain. Compared to most other habitats, natural or man-made, a filled grain silo constitutes a unique and fairly homogeneous habitat in which food availability for many grain-feeding insects is unlimited. A fundamental aspect of stored-grain insect ecology is a better understanding of associations among common beetle species. We analyzed the densities of three important stored-grain beetle species, Rhyzopertha dominica (R) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in wheat samples collected in 1999-2001 from 129 grain silos in Kansas. The beetles studied here are highly mobile, and the number of insects in each grain sample is a result of the beetles' preference for favorable microenvironmental conditions and possibly of intra- and interspecific associations. In general, the number of T castaneum in a grain sample increased as the number of R. dominica increased, but the number of C ferrugineus was not correlated with the number of R. dominica. The densities of both T castaneum and R. dominica decreased as the number of C. ferrugineus increased. Cryptolestes ferrugineus and T castaneum can be predators and the species composition of insects in a grain sample may be modified by predation. As T castaneum populations increased, so did R. dominica but not C. ferrugineus. Our analysis of the species composition in grain samples is discussed in an ecological context. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nansen, Christian] Texas AgriLife Res, Dept Entomol, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Flinn, Paul; Hagstrum, David] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Toews, Michael D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Meikle, William G.] ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Nansen, C (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, Dept Entomol, 1102 E FM 1294, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM cnansen@ag.tamu.edu RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X EI 1879-1212 J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.jspr.2009.04.005 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 519KZ UT WOS:000271766600007 ER PT J AU Hollis, JH Houchins, JA Blumberg, JB Mattes, RD AF Hollis, James H. Houchins, Jenny A. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Mattes, Richard D. TI Effects of Concord Grape Juice on Appetite, Diet, Body Weight, Lipid Profile, and Antioxidant Status of Adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SUGAR-SWEETENED BEVERAGES; SOFT DRINK CONSUMPTION; FAT OXIDATION; FOOD-INTAKE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; METABOLIC SYNDROME; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; HEALTHY HUMANS; VITAMIN-C; FLAVONOIDS AB Objective: Concord grape juice (CGJ) is a rich source of phenolic antioxidants, with a range of putative health benefits. However, high beverage energy and fructose intake may lead to weight gain and insulin resistance, respectively. This study assessed the effects of CGJ consumption for 12 weeks on appetite. diet, body weight, lipid profile, and antioxidant status. Methods: Seventy-six men and women aged 18 to 50 years with a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m(2) consumed either 480 mL CGJ. 480 mL substitute (polyphenol-free) grape-flavored drink (SGD), or no beverage (NTG) daily for 12 weeks. Anthropometric indices were measured biweekly, dietary intake and appetite were assessed 4 times during the study, and plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity, lipids, and oral glucose tolerance were assessed at baseline and week 12. Results: Compared to baseline, the SGD group reported a reduction in fullness (p < 0.005) and gained 1.6 kg (p < 0.05). No significant changes in body weight or composition were observed with CGJ or control (no beverage added to diet). Mean dietary compensation was 98.8% for SGD and 81.0% for CGJ. Serum glucose and insulin area under the curve (180 minutes) increased slightly. but this was significant only with CGJ. Plasma antioxidant capacity did not differ across groups, suggesting no effect of chronic CGJ ingestion on antioxidant status. Conclusions: Daily consumption of CGJ for 12 weeks did not lead to significant weight gain, but consumption of SGD did. The basis of this differential response could not be documented, but it is hypothesized to be a result of dietary compensation and effects of CGJ polyphenols on thermogenesis and substrate oxidation. C1 [Hollis, James H.; Houchins, Jenny A.; Mattes, Richard D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mattes, RD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, 212 Stone Hall,700 W State Street, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mattes@purdue.edu FU Welch Foods Inc. FX Supported by Welch Foods Inc. NR 64 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER COLLEGE NUTRITION PI CLEARWATER PA 300 SOUTH DUNCAN AVENUE, STE 225, CLEARWATER, FL 33755 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 28 IS 5 BP 574 EP 582 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 595DX UT WOS:000277592000006 PM 20439553 ER PT J AU Guerrero, RTL Gebhardt, SE Holden, J Kretsch, MJ Todd, K Novotny, R Murphy, SP AF Guerrero, Rachael T. Leon Gebhardt, Susan E. Holden, Joanne Kretsch, Mary J. Todd, Karen Novotny, Rachel Murphy, Suzanne P. TI White Rice Sold in Hawaii, Guam, and Saipan Often Lacks Nutrient Enrichment SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FOLATE; FOODS AB Rice is a commonly consumed food staple for many Asian and Pacific cultures thus, nutrient enrichment of rice has the potential to increase nutrient intakes for these populations. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of enrichment nutrients (ie, thiamin, niacin, iron, and folic acid) in white rice found in Guam, Saipan (Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), and Oahu (Hawaii). The proportion of white rice that was labeled "enriched" varied by type, bag size, and location. Most long-grain rice was labeled as enriched and most medium-grain rice was not. Bags of either type weighing >10 lb were seldom labeled as enriched in Hawaii or Saipan. Samples of various types of rice were collected on these three islands (n=19; 12 of which were labeled as enriched) and analyzed for their content of enrichment nutrients. Rice that was labeled as enriched in Hawaii and Guam seldom met the minimum enrichment standards for the United States. For comparison, three samples of enriched rice from California were also analyzed, and all met the enrichment standards. Food and nutrition professionals who are planning or evaluating diets of these Pacific island populations cannot assume that rice is enriched. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:1738-1743. C1 [Guerrero, Rachael T. Leon] Univ Guam, Coll Nat & Appl Sci, UOG Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. [Gebhardt, Susan E.; Holden, Joanne] USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kretsch, Mary J.] ARS, Nutr Food Safety Qual Program, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Todd, Karen] Univ Calif San Francisco, Gen Clin Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Novotny, Rachel] Univ Hawaii, Dept Human Nutr Food & Anim Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Murphy, Suzanne P.] Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Guerrero, RTL (reprint author), Univ Guam, Coll Nat & Appl Sci, UOG Stn, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. EM rachaeltlg@uguam.uog.edu FU National Cancer Institute Minority Institute/Cancer Research Center Partnership [1056-CA-096278-01A1]; Agriculural Research Service/US Department of Agriculture FX This study was funded by a National Cancer Institute Minority Institute/Cancer Research Center Partnership Grant #1056-CA-096278-01A1 and Agriculural Research Service/US Department of Agriculture. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 109 IS 10 BP 1738 EP 1743 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2009.07.008 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 502YV UT WOS:000270498000013 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Lee, J Bumanlag, LP Cooke, PH Brown, EM Balada, EH AF Taylor, MaryAnn M. Lee, Joseph Bumanlag, Lorelie P. Cooke, Peter H. Brown, Eleanor M. Hernandez Balada, E. TI TREATMENT OF LOW-QUALITY HIDES WITH FILLERS PRODUCED FROM SUSTAINABLE RESOURCES: EFFECT ON PROPERTIES OF LEATHER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENZYMATICALLY MODIFIED GELATIN; WHEY; TRANSGLUTAMINASE; CASEIN AB Prior research from this laboratory reported on the use of gelatin, alone or in combination with dairy byproducts (casein or whey), as a filler for leather. It was found that all these treatments had fully penetrated the blue stock, were not removed during washing, and had no significant effect on mechanical proper-ties when compared to untreated controls, but did show improvements in the subjective evaluations over the controls with respect to handle, break, dye uptake, and fullness. In this present study we applied these treatments to hides that had grain properties that were characterized as being loose, more commonly known as having spring break, to see if a reduction in these undesirable properties could be realized. The treatments were applied to the butt, belly and neck areas of the hide, and these samples were subsequently retanned, colored and fatliquored (RCF). There were no significant differences between the untreated controls and treated samples with respect to mechanical properties. Importantly, however, it was determined from subjective evaluations, that those commonly inferior areas, such as belly and neck, showed improved cutting area when treated. At the same time, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to compare the blue stock of both poor quality hides and hides evaluated to be of better quality before and after RCF; distinct differences in fiber structure were observed, most dramatically in the belly area. Applying these treatments to low quality hides makes economic sense. Firstly, leathers are produced that present more quality cutting area, and, secondly, these renewable resources have the potential to replace petroleum feedstuffs that are increasingly becoming scarce as well as expensive. C1 [Taylor, MaryAnn M.; Lee, Joseph; Bumanlag, Lorelie P.; Cooke, Peter H.; Brown, Eleanor M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Hernandez Balada, E.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Chem Engn, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM maryann.taylor@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOC PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 104 IS 10 BP 324 EP 334 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 504EZ UT WOS:000270599700001 ER PT J AU Wyatt, VT Haas, MJ AF Wyatt, Victor T. Haas, Michael J. TI Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters via the In Situ Transesterification of Soybean Oil in Carbon Dioxide-Expanded Methanol SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Acid-catalyzed transesterification; Biodiesel; Gas-expanded liquids; In situ transesterification ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; RICE BRAN OIL; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; HIGH-PRESSURES; TRANS-ESTERIFICATION; VEGETABLE-OILS; BINARY-SYSTEMS; SEED OIL; INSITU; EXTRACTION AB The production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by direct alkali- and acid-catalyzed in situ transesterification of soybean flakes in CO(2)-expanded methanol was examined at various temperatures and pressures. Attempts to synthesize FAME from soy flakes via alkaline catalysis, using sodium methoxide as a catalyst, in gas-expanded methanol were unsuccessful. However, performing the reactions in 54 mL of a 1.2 N sulfuric acid-methanol mixture containing 50% mole fraction CO(2) resulted in an 88.3 (+/- 1.5)% conversion of the triacylglycerol (TAG) in 22.5 g soy flakes to FAME within 10 h. Decreasing the total volume of the liquid phase by one-third from 54 mL to 36 mL, while keeping the mmol of acid and all other variables constant, resulted in an 88.2(+/- 5.0)% conversion of triglyceride to FAME. Quantitative HPLC analysis showed that 99.8 and 92.3% of the total mass balance for FAME, TAG, and free fatty acid (FFA) could be accounted for in the reactions performed at the liquid-phase volumes of 54 and 36 mL, respectively. The overall results show that the introduction of CO(2) into the system increases the rate of reaction by as much as 2.5 fold in comparison to control reactions without CO(2). Additionally, we observed a direct correlation between FAME yield and the concentration of acid catalyst. We also determined by nitrogen analysis that at least 82.9% of protein is retained in the lipid-free soy flakes after acid-catalyzed in situ transesterification in CO(2)-expanded methanol. C1 [Wyatt, Victor T.; Haas, Michael J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Wyatt, VT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM victor.wyatt@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 86 IS 10 BP 1009 EP 1016 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1438-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 495HD UT WOS:000269880500011 ER PT J AU Dalton, DT Hummer, KE AF Dalton, Daniel T. Hummer, Kim E. TI UP HEDRICK STUDENT PAPER AWARD: SECOND PLACE WINNER 2009 Inheritance of the Cr Gene in Ribes nigrum SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PINE BLISTER RUST; NORTH-AMERICA AB Resistance to white pine blister rust (WPBR) disease, caused by Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer. is a critical objective for plant breeders seeking to release new black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars in North America. Genetic immunity to the disease was discovered in the Asiatic species, R. ussuriense Janez. in the 1930s. 'Consort,' an immune F(1) genotype with the pedigree R. nigrum L. 'Kerry' x R. ussuriense. was released in 1952, and has developed neither uredinia nor telia in field or greenhouse inoculation trials. The objective of this study was to determine whether resistance in F(2) progeny of R. nigrum 'Ben Lomond' x 'Consort' segregates in a 1: 1 ratio. Following artificial inoculation of single leaf cuttings in a controlled environment, 40 of the 86 F(2) genotypes were susceptible to WPBR; 46 exhibited no signs of the disease. Chi-square analysis failed to reject the H(0) that segregation of the resistance trait occurred 1:1. The Cr gene was inherited as a simple dominant allele in the F(2) generation. 'Consort' is heterozygous for the dominant Cr gene. C1 [Dalton, Daniel T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hummer, Kim E.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Dalton, DT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research; CRIS [5358-21000-038-00D] FX The authors would like to recognize the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research and CRIS 5358-21000-038-00D for financial support. We thank the staff at the Dorena Genetic Resource Center and the NCGR for material support. We owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. Paul Zambino for his expertise and guidance with inoculation procedures. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 63 IS 4 BP 142 EP 144 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 518XG UT WOS:000271728500002 ER PT J AU Pomper, KW Crabtree, SB Lowe, JD AF Pomper, Kirk W. Crabtree, Sheri B. Lowe, Jeremiah D. TI Enhancing Pawpaw Chip Budding Success SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL VARIETY TRIAL; KENTUCKY AB The pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is gaining Popularity as a commercial tree fruit. Pawpaw cultivars are usually propagated by chip budding. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) if leaving 6 to 8 leaves on pawpaw rootstock upon Chip budding improved budding success and scion growth in greenhouse-grown container production and 2) if genetic background of the seedling rootstock or scion affected chip budding Success or scion growth. An experiment was conducted using a three-way factorial design with six replicate blocks, with treatments of two scions ( 'Sunflower' and 'Susquehanna'), two seedling rootstocks (Sunflower and K8-2), and two leaf treatments (removing leaves vs. leaving 6-8 leaves at budding). Trees were chip-budded in late June 2006. Retaining leaves on the rootstock seedling increased scion hod break (76%) on rootstocks compared to budding onto rootstocks with all leaves removed (54%). Removal of the remaining rootstock leaves after 6 weeks had an additional positive effect. After leaf removal at 6 weeks, an additional 11% of buds broke on rootstocks that had previously retained their leaves. Only 1% more buds broke after the 6 week point (in rootstocks that had leaves removed from the beginning. The K8-2 seedling rootstock had a higher budding success (80%) than Sunflower seedling rootstock (62%). Although cutting back the rootstock and removing competing leaves at the time of chip budding would be more convenient and require less labor for nurseries. this practice cannot be recommended due to the reduced chip budding success (55% v. 87%). C1 [Pomper, Kirk W.] Kentucky State Univ, USDA Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Spe, Atwood Res Facil, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Pomper, KW (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, USDA Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Spe, Atwood Res Facil, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. FU U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research Education, and Extension Service [KYX-10-05-40P] FX This research was supported by U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research Education, and Extension Service Agreement no. KYX-10-05-40P with Kentucky State University. The technical assistance of A. Whitehouse and E. Reed is also gratefully acknowledged by the authors. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AM POMOL SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 63 IS 4 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 518XG UT WOS:000271728500003 ER PT J AU Qi, S Wang, YQ Sun, G Xiao, YB Zhu, JZ Yang, HL Hu, XJ Wu, B Wang, YJ McNulty, SG AF Qi, Shi Wang, Yunqi Sun, Ge Xiao, Yubao Zhu, Jinzhao Yang, Hailong Hu, Xiaojing Wu, Bin Wang, Yujie McNulty, Steve G. TI Effects of Forest Composition and Spatial Patterns on Storm Flows of a Small Watershed1 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE forest composition; PRMS_Storm; Three Gorges Reservoir Area; forest hydrology ID CATCHMENT; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; SCALE AB The PRMS_Storm model was built as a storm event, distributed hydrological model for studying the hydrological effects of forest composition and spatial distribution on storm-flow volume and peakflow rates in the Xiangshuixi Watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, in the Yangtze River Basin in southwestern China. We developed three simulation scenarios based on forest composition and their spatial arrangements across the watershed, including all mixed conifer-evergreen broadleaf forests (Scenario 1), all mixed evergreen broadleaf forests (Scenario 2), and mixed conifer + evergreen broadleaf + shrub forests (Scenario 3). We examined 11 storm events observed during 2002-2005. Compared with the existing forest covers, modeling results suggested that the amount of overland flow was reduced by 21, 23, and 22%, and the interflow increased by 16, 88, and 30%, for Scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively. During the same time, peakflow rates were reduced by 20.8, 9.6, and 18.9%, respectively. The reduction of peakflow rates was most significant when rainfall intensity exceeded 0.8 mm/min and events with a short duration and effect was minor when rainfall intensity was below 0.5 mm/min. In general, we found that Scenarios 1 and 3 were preferred for reducing storm-flow volume and peakflow rates due to their higher interception rates, large soil water holding capacity, and higher soil infiltration capacity. The modeled results suggested soil properties are important in affecting the flow processes and thus forest composition and forest spatial distributions will affect storm-flow volume and peakflow rates at the watershed scale. To maximize flood reduction functions of a watershed, high priority should be given to those forest types (Scenarios 1 and 3) in reforestation practices in the study region. This study suggests both forest composition and spatial pattern are important reforestation designs for flood reduction in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. C1 [Qi, Shi; Wang, Yunqi; Zhu, Jinzhao; Yang, Hailong; Wu, Bin; Wang, Yujie] Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Minist Educ, Key Lab Soil & Water Conservat & Desertificat Com, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steve G.] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Xiao, Yubao] Inst Highway Planning Survey & Design Sichuan Pro, Dept Commun, Chengdu 619941, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Hu, Xiaojing] Beijing Hydraul Res Inst, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. RP Qi, S (reprint author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Soil & Water Conservat, Minist Educ, Key Lab Soil & Water Conservat & Desertificat Com, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM wangyunqi@bjfu.edu.cn FU CSC (China Scholarship Council); NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) [30571486, 30671661]; Southern Global Change Program; United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Forestry Supporting Project, State Forestry Administration, PR China [2006BAD03A1802] FX We thank the sponsorships of CSC (China Scholarship Council), NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) (30571486 and 30671661), Southern Global Change Program, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and the Forestry Supporting Project, State Forestry Administration, PR China (2006BAD03A1802). NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1142 EP 1154 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00350.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 503PS UT WOS:000270550800007 ER PT J AU Bunte, K Abt, SR Potyondy, JP Swingle, KW AF Bunte, Kristin Abt, Steven R. Potyondy, John P. Swingle, Kurt W. TI Comparison of Three Pebble Count Protocols (EMAP, PIBO, and SFT) in Two Mountain Gravel-Bed Streams1 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sediment; monitoring; fluvial processes; sampling technique; habitat evaluation; percent fines; ) ID SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; RIVER; PRECISION; VARIANTS; ACCURACY; HABITAT; PURPOSE; REACH; KONDOLF,G.MATHIAS AB Although the term ``pebble count'' is in widespread use, there is no standardized methodology used for the field application of this procedure. Each pebble count analysis is the product of several methodological choices, any of which are capable of influencing the final result. Because there are virtually countless variations on pebble count protocols, the question of how their results differ when applied to the same study reach is becoming increasingly important. This study compared three pebble count protocols: the reach-averaged Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) protocol named after the EMAP developed by the Environmental Protection Agency, the habitat-unit specific U.S. Forest Service's PACFISH/INFISH Biological Opinion (PIBO) Effectiveness Monitoring Program protocol, and a data-intensive method developed by the authors named Sampling Frame and Template (SFT). When applied to the same study reaches, particle-size distributions varied among the three pebble count protocols because of differences in sample locations within a stream reach and along a transect, in particle selection, and particle-size determination. The EMAP protocol yielded considerably finer, and the PIBO protocol considerably coarser distributions than the SFT protocol in the pool-riffle study streams, suggesting that the data cannot be used interchangeably. Approximately half of the difference was due to sampling at different areas within the study reach (i.e., wetted width, riffles, and bankfull width) and at different locations within a transect. The other half was attributed to using different methods for particle selection from the bed, particle-size determination, and the use of wide, nonstandard size classes. Most of the differences in sampling outcomes could be eliminated by using simple field tools, by collecting a larger sample size, and by systematically sampling the entire bankfull channel and all geomorphic units within the reach. C1 [Bunte, Kristin; Abt, Steven R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Engn Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Potyondy, John P.] Stream Syst Technol Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Potyondy, John P.] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bunte, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Engn Res Ctr, 1320 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kbunte@engr.colostate.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Stream System Technology Center, Fort Collins, Colorado FX We thank John Faustini for sharing a spreadsheet that clarified the computation of particle-size distribution for the EMAP procedure. This study was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Stream System Technology Center, Fort Collins, Colorado. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1209 EP 1227 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00355.x PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 503PS UT WOS:000270550800012 ER PT J AU Buffington, JM Roper, BB Archer, E Moyer, C AF Buffington, John M. Roper, Brett B. Archer, Eric Moyer, Chris TI Reply to Discussion1-"The Role of Observer Variation in Determining Rosgen Stream Types in Northeastern Oregon Mountain Streams"3 by David L. Rosgen2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIPS; QUANTIFY FLUVIAL PROCESSES; DESIGN METHODS FAIL; RECURRENCE INTERVALS; BANKFULL DISCHARGE; CLASSIFICATION; RIVERS; LIMITATIONS; MAGNITUDE; EQUATIONS C1 [Buffington, John M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Roper, Brett B.; Archer, Eric] US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Roper, Brett B.; Archer, Eric] Utah State Univ, US Forest Serv, PacFish InFish Biol Opin Effectiveness Monitoring, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Moyer, Chris] Aquat & Riparian Effectiveness Monitoring Program, Bur Land Management, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Buffington, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 322 E Front St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jbuffington@fs.fed.us RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010 NR 89 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1298 EP 1312 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00363.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 503PS UT WOS:000270550800019 ER PT J AU Meihls, LN Hibbard, BE AF Meihls, Lisa N. Hibbard, Bruce E. TI Dolatia coriaria (Kraatz) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) as a Pest of Laboratory and Greenhouse Colonies of the Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATHETA-CORIARIA; MANAGEMENT; PREFERENCE; BEETLES; AGENTS C1 [Meihls, Lisa N.; Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Meihls, LN (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 82 IS 4 BP 311 EP 315 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 536QJ UT WOS:000273058600006 ER PT J AU Malik, NSA Perez, JL Lombardini, L Cornacchia, R Cisneros-Zevallos, L Braford, J AF Malik, Nasir S. A. Perez, Jose L. Lombardini, Leonardo Cornacchia, Rosaria Cisneros-Zevallos, Luis Braford, Joe TI Phenolic compounds and fatty acid composition of organic and conventional grown pecan kernels SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE phenolic compounds; fatty acids; pecan cultivars; organic cultivation; conventional cultivation ID OLIVE OIL; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; ELLAGIC ACID; FOODS; L.; CULTIVATION AB BACKGROUND: In this study, differences in contents of phenolic compounds and fatty acids in pecan kernels of organically versus conventionally grown pecan cultivars (Cheyenne, Desirable, and Wichita) were evaluated. RESULTS: Although nine phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechol, catechin, epicatechin, m-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, caffeic acid and an ellagic acid derivative) were identified in the methanol extract (80% methanol) of defatted kernels, only three compounds (gallic acid, catechin and ellagic acid) existed in sufficient amounts to accurately quantify levels in different cultivars and to study differences in organic versus conventional cultivation. Levels of ellagic acid and catechin found in organically grown 'Desirable' were fourfold and twofold higher than in conventional samples, respectively. Furthermore, significant differences in these two compounds were also observed when comparing values between cultivars. Oil content was also significantly greater only in organically grown 'Desirable'. Oleic acid was the major fatty acid present and its content was significantly higher in organically versus conventionally grown 'Desirable' pecans, while there was no difference in levels of oleic acid in 'Wichita' and 'Cheyenne'. On the other hand, linoleic acid content was significantly less in organically versus conventionally grown 'Desirable' pecans. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results showed that the effects of cultural differences (i.e. organic versus conventional cultivation) on kernel composition largely depend on the type of pecan cultivar. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Malik, Nasir S. A.; Perez, Jose L.; Braford, Joe] ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Lombardini, Leonardo; Cornacchia, Rosaria; Cisneros-Zevallos, Luis] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Malik, NSA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM nasir.malik@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 89 IS 13 BP 2207 EP 2213 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3708 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 501TD UT WOS:000270404300007 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH Evans, JJ Arias, CR AF Shoemaker, Craig A. Klesius, Phillip H. Evans, Joyce J. Arias, Covadonga R. TI Use of Modified Live Vaccines in Aquaculture SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA VACCINE; AUXOTROPHIC AROA MUTANT; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; CHANNEL CATFISH; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; ATTENUATED VACCINE; RAINBOW-TROUT; FLAVOBACTERIUM-COLUMNARE AB Vaccination is an important disease management strategy used to maintain human and animal health worldwide. Vaccines developed for aquaculture have reduced antibiotic use in fish production. Original fish vaccines were bacterins (formalin-killed bacteria) delivered through immersion or injection that induced humoral (antibody) immunity. Next generation vaccines relied on multiple killed antigens delivered with an adjuvant to enhance vaccine effectiveness. Work in the 1990s showed the use of various strategies to develop modified live vaccines for use in fish. A modified live vaccine is a live pathogen that has been rendered non-pathogenic or avirulent by physical, chemical, or genetic engineering methods. The modified live vaccine typically retains its ability to infect the host which allows for effective presentation of protective antigens to generate cellular immunity (CD4 or CD8 T-cell responses). Modified live vaccines are advantageous in that they can be easily delivered (i.e., by immersion to young fish) and stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity of long duration. Disadvantages include issues with modified live vaccine safety to the host and environment. A successful modified live vaccine for use in warm water aquaculture is used to highlight the live vaccine strategy. C1 [Shoemaker, Craig A.; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Evans, Joyce J.] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Arias, Covadonga R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Shoemaker, CA (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 78 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 40 IS 5 BP 573 EP 585 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 502BI UT WOS:000270428600001 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Ueno, S Sato, K Adlof, RO List, GR AF Zhang, L. Ueno, S. Sato, K. Adlof, R. O. List, G. R. TI Thermal and structural properties of binary mixtures of 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (SOS) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol (sn-OOS) SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE Binary phase behavior; SOS; OOS; Polymorphism; DSC; X-ray diffraction ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALLIZATION; EMULSION; SYSTEMS; FATS AB We have conducted thermal and X-ray diffraction experiments on binary mixtures of symmetric stearic-oleic mixed-acid triacylglycerol (TAG) (1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol: SOS) and asymmetric stearic-oleic mixed-acid TAG (1,2-dioleoyl-3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol: OOS), in which optically active sn-OOS was employed. We found that SOS-OOS mixtures exhibited immiscible monotectic or peritectic mixing behavior. This result was consistent with previous study on binary mixtures of 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (POP) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol (OOP), in which racemic rac-OOP molecules were employed. The differences between the SOS-OOS and POP-OOP mixtures were in the polymorphic behavior of the fractions of POP and SOS. No effect was found from using an optically active (sn-OOS) or racemic mixture (rac-OOP) as an asymmetric oleic-oleic-saturated acid TAG. From the two results, we may conclude that an immiscible phase was formed in the binary mixtures of symmetric saturated-oleic-saturated TAGs and asymmetric oleic-oleic-saturated TAGs, of both racemic and optically active types. This result stands in contrast to mixtures of SOS-OSO (1,3-dioleoyl-2-stearoyl-glycerol), SOS-SSO (1,2-distearoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol), POP-OPO (1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol), and POP-PPO (1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol), all of which exhibited molecular-compound-forming behavior with molecular compound crystals at an equal ratio of the binary mixtures. Molecular-level mechanisms to explain this difference are discussed, based on possible roles of glycerol groups acting during the mixing processes of saturated-unsaturated mixed-acid TAGs. C1 [Ueno, S.; Sato, K.] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biosphere Sci, Hiroshima, Japan. [Zhang, L.] Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. [Adlof, R. O.; List, G. R.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. RP Sato, K (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biosphere Sci, Hiroshima, Japan. EM kyosato@hiroshima-u.ac.jp NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 98 IS 1 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s10973-009-0451-3 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 512WI UT WOS:000271282000014 ER PT J AU McClenahan, SD Bok, K Neill, JD Smith, AW Rhodes, CR Sosnovtsev, SV Green, KY Romero, CH AF McClenahan, Shasta D. Bok, Karin Neill, John D. Smith, Alvin W. Rhodes, Crystal R. Sosnovtsev, Stanislav V. Green, Kim Y. Romero, Carlos H. TI A capsid gene-based real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of marine vesiviruses in the Caliciviridae SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Vesiviruses; Caliciviridae; Marine mammals; Real-time RT-PCR; Diagnosis ID SEA-LION-VIRUS; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA; GIRELLA-NIGRICANS; SWINE VIRUS; GASTROENTERITIS; ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE; SEROTYPE; CATS; FISH AB A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) assay was developed for the identification of marine vesiviruses. The primers were designed to target a 176-nucleotide fragment within a highly conserved region of the San Miguel sea lion viruses (SMSVs) capsid gene. The assay detected viral RNA from nine marine vesivirus serotypes described previously, including two serotypes (SMSV-8 and -12) not identified with presently available molecular assays, a highly related bovine vesivirus strain (Bos-1), a mink vesivirus strain (MCV), and two novel genotypes isolated recently from Steller sea lions (SSL V810 and V1415). The real-time assay did not amplify sequences from the corresponding genomic regions of feline calicivirus (also in the genus Vesivirus) and representative members of the genus Norovirus. The rtRT-PCR assay described below may prove useful as a diagnostic tool for the detection of currently circulating, emerging and previously described marine vesiviruses in clinical samples, especially when large numbers are screened in surveillance studies of these restricted viruses. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McClenahan, Shasta D.; Romero, Carlos H.] Univ Florida, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Neill, John D.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Smith, Alvin W.] Oregon State Univ, Lab Calicivirus Studies, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bok, Karin; Rhodes, Crystal R.; Sosnovtsev, Stanislav V.; Green, Kim Y.] NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Romero, CH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, 2015 SW 16th Ave,Bldg 1017, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM romeroc@vetmed.ufl.edu FU Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology; Marine Mammal Health Program of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida; NIH; NIAID FX This research was funded by the Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology and the Marine Mammal Health Program of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida. This research was also partially supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIAID. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 2009 VL 161 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.04.026 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 484TL UT WOS:000269070300003 PM 19410604 ER PT J AU Sullivan, HJ Blitvich, BJ VanDalen, K Bentler, KT Franklin, AB Root, JJ AF Sullivan, Heather J. Blitvich, Bradley J. VanDalen, Kaci Bentler, Kevin T. Franklin, Alan B. Root, J. Jeffrey TI Evaluation of an epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to influenza A virus in domestic and wild avian and mammalian species SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Avian influenza; bELISA; Influenza A virus; Serology; Wildlife ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; COMPETITIVE ELISA; NUCLEOPROTEIN; SERA; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; RACCOONS; PROTEIN; PIGS AB An epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) was developed for the detection of antibodies to influenza A virus in taxonomically diverse domestic and wild vertebrate species. In contrast to the bELISAs published previously that require reagent production, manipulation by the end-user, or have not been evaluated for use with both mammalian and avian species, this assay is performed using commercially available recombinant nucleoprotein antigen and corresponding nucleoprotein-specific monoclonal antibody and has been shown to work with multiple avian and mammalian species. The efficacy of the bELISA as a serum screening assay was compared to the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay using 251 serum samples obtained from experimentally infected mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and raccoons (Procyon lotor). The concordance between the AGID assay and bELISA was 94.1% (95% Cl = 89.9. 98.3) for raccoons, and 71.2% (95% Cl = 63.5, 78.9) for mallards and 82.8% (95% Cl = 78.2, 87.3) overall. The bELISA was more sensitive than the AGID assay as demonstrated by the detection of antibodies to influenza A virus at earlier time points in experimental infection studies and at higher serial dilutions. The efficacy of the bELISA to monitor natural influenza A virus exposure was also compared to the AGID assay using an additional 745 serum samples from six avian species and six mammalian species. This bELISA provides a rapid, reliable, and inexpensive technique for large-scale surveillance of influenza A virus exposure in taxonomically diverse vertebrate species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sullivan, Heather J.; VanDalen, Kaci; Bentler, Kevin T.; Franklin, Alan B.; Root, J. Jeffrey] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Blitvich, Bradley J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sullivan, HJ (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Heather.Sullivan@aphis.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture FX We are indebted to T. Anderson (National Wildlife Research Center {NWRC}) for logistical assistance and the Texas Wildlife Services (WS), Pennsylvania WS for assistance with sample collection. We also thank the many public and private land stewards that allowed us to access to their lands for trapping. In addition, we thank R.A. Bowen (Colorado State University), C. Driscoll (Maryland Department of Natural Resources) and J. Hall (National Wildlife Health Center {NWHC}) for providing sera for evaluation. Funding for this work was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture. The use or mention of products in this article does not imply endorsement on the part of the United States Government. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 2009 VL 161 IS 1 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.06.001 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 484TL UT WOS:000269070300021 PM 19523985 ER PT J AU Boncristiani, HF Rossi, RD Criado, MF Furtado, FM Arruda, E AF Boncristiani, Humberto F. Rossi, Reginaldo D. Criado, Miria Ferreira Furtado, Felipe Magalhaes Arruda, Eurico TI Magnetic purification of biotinylated cDNA removes false priming and ensures strand-specificity of RT-PCR for enteroviral RNAs SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Strand-specific; RT-PCR; Enterovirus; Magnetic beads; Dilated cardiomyopathy; Replication ID IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; HEPATITIS-A-VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; VIRAL-INFECTION; COXSACKIE-B; MYOCARDITIS; REPLICATION; IMPROVEMENT; HYPOTHESIS AB The detection of replicative intermediate RNAs as markers of active replication of RNA viruses is an essential tool to investigate pathogenesis in acute viral infections, as well as in their long-term sequelae. In this regard, strand-specific PCR has been used widely to distinguish (-) and (+) enteroviral RNAs in pathogenesis studies of diseases such as dilated cardiomyopathy. It has been generally assumed that oligonucleotide-primed reverse transcription of a given RNA generates only the corresponding specific cDNA, thus assuring the specificity of a PCR product amplified from it. Nevertheless, such assumed strand-specificity is a fallacy, because falsely primed cDNAs can be produced by RNA reverse transcription in the absence of exogenously added primers, (cDNA(primer)(-)), and such falsely primed cDNAs are amplifiable by PCR in the same way as the correctly primed cDNAs. Using as a prototype the coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5), a (+) strand RNA virus, it was shown that cDNA(primer)(-) renders the differential detection of viral (-) and (+) RNAs by conventional PCR virtually impossible, due to gross non-specificity. Using in vitro transcribed CVB5 RNAs (+) and (-), it was shown that cDNA(primer)(-) could be removed effectively by magnetic physical separation of correctly primed biotinylated cDNA. Such strategy enabled truly strand-specific detection of RNA (-) and (+), not only for CVB5, but also for other non-polio enteroviruses. These findings indicate that previous conclusions supporting a role for the persistence of actively replicating enterovirus in the pathogenesis of chronic myocarditis should be regarded with strong skepticism and purification of correctly primed cDNA should be used for strand-specific PCR of viral RNA in order to obtain reliable information on this important subject. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Boncristiani, Humberto F.; Rossi, Reginaldo D.; Criado, Miria Ferreira; Arruda, Eurico] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. [Boncristiani, Humberto F.; Rossi, Reginaldo D.; Criado, Miria Ferreira; Furtado, Felipe Magalhaes; Arruda, Eurico] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Virol Res Ctr, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. [Furtado, Felipe Magalhaes] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. RP Boncristiani, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM humbfb@gmail.com RI Arruda, Eurico/E-4101-2012 FU FAPESP [1995/09692-2]; CNPq FX We thank FAPESP for financial support (Grant No. 1995/09692-2), Maria Lucia Silva for technical support, and Dr. Paulo Sergio R. Coelho for helpful discussions. EA is the recipient of a research scholarship from CNPq. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 2009 VL 161 IS 1 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.06.006 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 484TL UT WOS:000269070300022 PM 19524621 ER PT J AU Beja-Pereira, A Bricker, B Chen, SY Almendra, C White, PJ Luikart, G AF Beja-Pereira, Albano Bricker, Betsy Chen, Shanyuan Almendra, Claudia White, P. J. Luikart, Gordon TI DNA Genotyping Suggests that Recent Brucellosis Outbreaks in the Greater Yellowstone Area Originated from Elk SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Bison; Brucella abortus; elk; genotyping; DNA; pathogen transmission; reemerging infectious disease; trace-back study; zoonosis ID TUBERCULOSIS AB Identifying the source, of infections disease outbreaks is difficult, especially for pathogens that infect multiple wildlife species. Brucella spp. are among the most problematic zoonotic agents worldwide, and they are notoriously difficult to detect and identify. We genotyped 10 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) DNA loci in 56 Brucella. abortus isolates from bison (Bos bison), elk (Cervus elaphus), and cattle (Bos taurus) to test the wildlife species most likely to be the origin of recent outbreaks of brucellosis in cattle in the Greater Yellowstone Area. Isolates from cattle and elk were nearly identical but highly divergent from bison isolates. These data suggest elk, not bison, are the reservoir species of origin for these cattle infections. This study illustrates the potential power of VNTR genotyping to assess the origin of disease outbreaks, which are increasing worldwide following habitat fragmentation, climate change, and expansion of human and livestock populations. C1 [Beja-Pereira, Albano; Chen, Shanyuan; Almendra, Claudia; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Porto, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, P-4485661 Vairao, Vcd, Portugal. [Bricker, Betsy] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [White, P. J.] Natl Pk Serv, Mammoth, WY 82190 USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Luikart, G (reprint author), Univ Porto, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, P-4485661 Vairao, Vcd, Portugal. EM gordon.luikart@mso.umt.edu RI Beja-Pereira, Albano/B-3681-2008; Chen, Shanyuan/C-8003-2011 OI Beja-Pereira, Albano/0000-0002-1607-7382; Chen, Shanyuan/0000-0002-9524-9428 FU US Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Services Laboratory for Brucella DNA; Portuguese-American Foundation for Development; Centro de Investigacao em Biodivirsidade Recursos Gencticos Universidad do Porto (CIBIO), UP; University of Montana; Portuguese Science Foundation [PTDC/CVT/69438/2006, SFRH/BPD/26802/2006, SFRH/BD30737/2006] FX We thank the US Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Services Laboratory for Brucella DNA, R. Wallen (National Park Service) for support, and F. Allendorf (University of Montana) and G. Plumb (National Park Service) for helpful reviews of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the Portuguese-American Foundation for Development, Centro de Investigacao em Biodivirsidade Recursos Gencticos Universidad do Porto (CIBIO), UP, University of Montana, and a research grants from the Portuguese Science Foundation (PTDC/CVT/69438/2006, SFRH/BPD/26802/2006 and SFRH/BD30737/2006). The views and opinions in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent any views, determinations, or policies of the federal agencies involved with this research. NR 10 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1174 EP 1177 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 520VN UT WOS:000271877700027 PM 19901392 ER PT J AU Willems, RA AF Willems, Robert A. TI Regulatory issues regarding the use of food and water restriction in laboratory animals SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article AB While investigating certain aspects of animal physiology, neurology or behavior, research scientists sometimes must limit the amount of food or water provided to animals used in a study. Such limitations can negatively impact the health and welfare of laboratory animals by, for example, causing them to experience distress or pain. The author discusses the veterinary and regulatory concerns that laboratory personnel should consider when limiting food or water given to research animals. He concludes that by adequately addressing the needs of animals receiving less food or water than required by regulation, researchers will improve both animal care and scientific study results. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Willems, RA (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. EM robert.a.willems@aphis.usda.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 10 BP 325 EP 328 DI 10.1038/laban1009-325 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 517KI UT WOS:000271611900009 PM 19773776 ER PT J AU McGarvey, JA Miller, WG Lathrop, JR Silva, CJ Bullard, GL AF McGarvey, J. A. Miller, W. G. Lathrop, J. R. Silva, C. J. Bullard, G. L. TI Induction of purple sulfur bacterial growth in dairy wastewater lagoons by circulation SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carotenoid pigments; circulation; dairy manure; purple sulfur bacteria; wastewater ID CATTLE; EMISSIONS; MANURE; NOV AB Aims: To determine whether circulation of dairy wastewater induces the growth of phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria (PSB). Methods and Results: Two dairy wastewater lagoons that were similar in size, geographic location, number and type of cattle loading the lagoons were chosen. The only obvious visual difference between them was that one was stagnant and the water was brown in colour (Farm 1), and the other was circulated and the water was red in colour because of the presence of PSB that contained carotenoid pigments (Farm 2). Both wastewaters were sampled monthly for 3 months and assayed for PSB and extractable carotenoid pigments (ECP). After this point, circulators were placed in the wastewater lagoon on Farm 1, and samples were taken monthly for 9 months and assayed for PSB and ECP. Before the installation of circulators, no PSB-like 16S rRNA sequences or ECP were observed in the wastewater from Farm 1; however, both were observed in the wastewater from Farm 2. After the installation of circulators, statistically greater levels of PSB and extractable carotenoid pigments were observed in the wastewater from Farm 1. Conclusions: Circulation enhances the growth of PSB in dairy wastewater. Significance and Impact of this Study: Because PSB utilize H(2)S and volatile organic acids (VOA) as an electron source for photosynthesis, and VOA and alcohols as a carbon source for growth, the increase in these bacteria should reduce H(2)S, volatile organic compounds and alcohol emissions from the lagoons, enhancing the air quality in dairy farming areas. C1 [McGarvey, J. A.; Lathrop, J. R.; Silva, C. J.] ARS, Foodborne Contaminants Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Miller, W. G.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bullard, G. L.] Calif Dairy Campaign, Turlock, CA USA. RP McGarvey, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PMR, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jeffery.mcgarvey@ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; OI Silva, Christopher/0000-0003-4521-6377 FU United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Resource Conservation Service; Conservation Innovation Grant [68-3475-4-178]; Agricultural Research Service [108] FX The authors thank Mr. Kevin Abernathy and the members of the California Dairy Campaign who facilitated access to the wastewater lagoons. This project was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service, Conservation Innovation Grant Number 68-3475-4-178 and the Agricultural Research Service, National Program 108. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 4 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02683.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 493AF UT WOS:000269704300003 PM 19674295 ER PT J AU Gurtler, JB Kornacki, JL AF Gurtler, J. B. Kornacki, J. L. TI Comparison of supplements to enhance recovery of heat-injured Salmonella from egg albumen SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE albumen; egg white; pasteurization; recovery; Salmonella; thermal injury ID DEGRADE HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBLETHAL INJURY; ENTERITIDIS; MEDIA; INACTIVATION; TYPHIMURIUM; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; ENTERICA AB Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the proficiency of supplements to enhance the recovery of Salmonella from heat-treated liquid egg albumen on solid agar media. Methods and Results: Salmonella-inoculated albumen, heated at 53 center dot 3 degrees C for 4 min, was plated on 39 combinations of solid media with or without the addition of 12 supplements. Greater numbers of Salmonella (P < 0 center dot 05) recovered with the addition of 1 center dot 0 g l 64%) or low (< 29%) survival of heat shock (43A degrees C, 1 h) differ in their transcriptional responses to stress. Based upon data generated by the microarray and by real-time quantitative PCR, we found that transcription after heat shock increased for genes putatively encoding heat shock proteins and genes for proteins that synthesize lipids, protect against bacterial infection, and regulate spawning, whereas transcription decreased for genes for proteins that mobilize lipids and detoxify reactive oxygen species. RNAs putatively identified as heat shock protein 27, collagen, peroxinectin, S-crystallin, and two genes with no match in Genbank had higher transcript concentrations in low-surviving families than in high-surviving families, whereas concentration of putative cystatin B mRNA was greater in high-surviving families. These ESTs should be studied further for use in marker-aided selection programs. Low survival of heat shock could result from a complex interaction of cell damage, opportunistic infection, and metabolic exhaustion. C1 [Lang, R. Paul] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lang, R. Paul; Langdon, Christopher J.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bayne, Christopher J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Camara, Mark D.] ARS, USDA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Cunningham, Charles] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Jenny, Matthew J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lang, RP (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Agr, 404 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rlang@agcenter.lsu.edu OI Jenny, Matthew/0000-0002-1834-2629 FU Oyster Disease Research Program, NOAA [NA16RG1039]; Sea Grant Project [SAQ-08-NSI]; Lylian Brucefield Scholarship; Mamie Markham Award FX Funding for this research was provided by the Oyster Disease Research Program, NOAA agreement no. NA16RG1039, Sea Grant Project SAQ-08-NSI. Additional funding was provided by the Lylian Brucefield Scholarship and the Mamie Markham Award. We thank A. Barton, F. Evans, D. Mosher, and D. Stick for rearing the oyster families used during this experiment and for assistance during the heat- shocking experiments. We thank Oregon Oyster Farms, Newport, Oregon for the generous use of their facilities. We thank R. Chapman, Y. A. Chen, M. Cook, P. Cupit, P. Gross, M. Lundqvist, D. MacKillan, A. Mancia, N. Taris, H. Trent, and G. Warr for technical assistance and support during the hybridization of the microarrays and during data analysis. We thank W. Huber and W. Zhong fo their advice during data analysis using vsn and SSClust, respectively. We thank A. Huvet, N. Taris, and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful review of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 104 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-2228 EI 1436-2236 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 11 IS 5 BP 650 EP 668 DI 10.1007/s10126-009-9181-6 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 477VS UT WOS:000268547600011 PM 19205802 ER PT J AU Zungu, M Young, ME Stanley, WC Essop, MF AF Zungu, Makhosazane Young, Martin E. Stanley, William C. Essop, M. Faadiel TI Chronic treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist Wy-14,643 attenuates myocardial respiratory capacity and contractile function SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Wy,14,643; Uncoupling; Mitochondrial respiration; Cardiac contractile function; UCP3 ID PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE I GENE; CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; FATTY-ACIDS; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; PPAR-ALPHA; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION; RAT-HEART; EXPRESSION; NUCLEAR; PATHWAY AB We investigated whether chronic in vivo treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist Wy-14,643 attenuates cardiac contractile function by impairing mitochondrial respiration. Wy-14,643 (25 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) was administered to Wistar rats by oral gavage for 14 consecutive days, after which ex vivo heart function, myocardial mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and metabolic gene expression were determined. Body and heart weights were not significantly altered following 14 days of Wy-14,643 administration. Heart perfusion studies showed significantly reduced systolic and developed pressures, while the rate pressure product declined by 36 +/- 2.6% (P < 0.01 vs. vehicle) after 14 days of Wy-14,643 treatment. State 3 mitochondrial respiration was lower in the Wy-14,643 group (P = 0.06 vs. vehicle). State 4 respiration and oligomycin-in sensitive proton leak were significantly increased compared with matched controls. The rate of ADP phosphorylation was also decreased by 44.9 +/- 1.9% (P < 0.05 vs. vehicle). Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) transcript levels were upregulated, while cytochrome oxidase II (COXII) expression was decreased following Wy-14,643 treatment. This study demonstrates that chronic in vivo Wy-14,643 administration impaired cardiac contractile function in parallel with decreased mitochondrial respiratory function and increased uncoupling. C1 [Essop, M. Faadiel] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Physiol Sci, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Zungu, Makhosazane] Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Hatter Heart Res Inst, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Young, Martin E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Stanley, William C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Essop, MF (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Physiol Sci, Room 2009,Mike De Vries Bldg,Merriman Ave, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. EM mfessop@sun.ac.za FU NIH [7 R03-TW007344-02]; South African Medical Research Council; South African National Research Foundation FX The authors wish to thank Mr. Noel Markgraaff for his technical assistance. This work was supported by an NIH Grant No. 7 R03-TW007344-02 (to W.C. Stanley and M.F. Essop), the South African Medical Research Council and the South African National Research Foundation (to M.F. Essop). NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 330 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1007/s11010-009-0100-y PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 505IV UT WOS:000270687500007 PM 19360380 ER PT J AU Han, JS Park, S Shigaki, T Hirschi, KD Kim, CK AF Han, Jeung-Sul Park, Sunghun Shigaki, Toshiro Hirschi, Kendal D. Kim, Chang Kil TI Improved watermelon quality using bottle gourd rootstock expressing a Ca2+/H+ antiporter SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.); Calcium; Grafting; Transformation; Transport; Rootstock; Watermelon ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; LAGENARIA-SICERARIA STANDL.; INCREASED CALCIUM; ARABIDOPSIS; TRANSPORTER; TOLERANCE; MANGANESE; TOBACCO; PLANTS; CAX2 AB Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) has been commonly used as a source of rootstock for watermelon. To improve its performance as a rootstock without adverse effects on the scion, the bottle gourd was genetically engineered using a modified Arabidopsis Ca2+/H+ exchanger sCAX2B. This transporter provides enhanced Ca2+ substrate specificity and decreased Mn2+ transport capability. Our previous work demonstrated that sCAX2B bottle gourds were more robust and nutrient dense than controls. Here, several cucurbit crops were test-grafted onto the transgenic bottle gourd to determine its effect on the scions. The grafted watermelons and melons onto the transgenic rootstocks appeared to show more robust growth than the controls 35 days after greenhouse transplanting. Watermelon fruits with the watermelon/transgenic bottle gourd (scion/rootstock) combination demonstrated higher osmotic pressure and more soluble solids than controls. These results suggest that sCAX2B expression in the bottle gourd rootstock facilitates improved watermelon quality through the translocation of nutrients and/or water toward enhancing the biomass of scion. C1 [Kim, Chang Kil] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Hort, Sangju 742711, South Korea. [Han, Jeung-Sul] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Ecol Environm Conservat, Sangju 742711, South Korea. [Park, Sunghun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry & Recreat Resources 2021, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Shigaki, Toshiro; Hirschi, Kendal D.] ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Shigaki, Toshiro; Hirschi, Kendal D.] ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human & Mol Genet, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Kim, CK (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Environm Hort, Sangju 742711, South Korea. EM ckkim@knu.ac.kr FU NIHHS of RDA of Republic of Korea [2-8-14]; KSU of USA FX This research was supported in part by the Cooperative Research Project (Agenda 2-8-14) between the NIHHS of RDA of Republic of Korea and the KSU of USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s11032-009-9284-9 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 496GV UT WOS:000269958800001 ER PT J AU Yan, WG Li, Y Agrama, HA Luo, DG Gao, FY Lu, XJ Ren, GJ AF Yan, Wen Gui Li, Yong Agrama, Hesham A. Luo, Dagang Gao, Fangyuan Lu, Xianjun Ren, Guangjun TI Association mapping of stigma and spikelet characteristics in rice (Oryza sativa L.) SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Mixed linear model; Hybrid rice; Stigma exsertion; Association mapping; Molecular marker ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; WILD RELATIVES; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; RUFIPOGON; INFERENCE AB Stigma and spikelet characteristics play an essential role in hybrid seed production. A mini-core of 90 accessions developed from USDA rice core collection was phenotyped in field grown for nine traits of stigma and spikelet and genotyped with 109 DNA markers, 108 SSRs plus an indel. Three major clusters were built upon Rogers' genetic distance, indicative of indicas, and temperate and tropical japonicas. A mixed linear model combining PC-matrix and K-matrix was adapted for mapping marker-trait associations. Resulting associations were adjusted using false discovery rate technique. We identified 34 marker-trait associations involving 22 SSR markers for eight traits. Four markers were associated with single stigma exsertion (SStgE), six with dual exsertion (DStgE) and five with total exsertion. RM5_Chr1 played major role indicative of high regression with not only DStgE but also SStgE. Four markers were associated with spikelet length, three with width and seven with L/W ratio. Numerous markers were co-associated with multiple traits that were phenotypically correlated, i.e. RM12521_Chr2 associated with all three correlated spikelet traits. The co-association should improve breeding efficiency because single marker could be used to assist breeding for multiple traits. Indica entry 1032 (cultivar 50638) and japonica entry 671 (cultivar Linia 84 Icar) with 80.65 and 75.17% of TStgE, respectively are recommended to breeder for improving stigma exsertion. C1 [Yan, Wen Gui] Agr Res Serv, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Li, Yong; Luo, Dagang; Gao, Fangyuan; Lu, Xianjun; Ren, Guangjun] Sichuan Acad Agr Sci, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Agrama, Hesham A.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Yan, WG (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM Wengui.Yan@ars.usda.gov; rgj80@hotmail.com NR 53 TC 35 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 277 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s11032-009-9290-y PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 496GV UT WOS:000269958800007 ER PT J AU King, MG Horning, ME Roalson, EH AF King, Matthew G. Horning, Matthew E. Roalson, Eric H. TI Range persistence during the last glacial maximum: Carex macrocephala was not restricted to glacial refugia SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coastal refuge; Cyperaceae; Pleistocene glaciation; population genetics ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GENOTYPING ERRORS; SHALLOW HISTORY; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DIVERSITY; CHLOROPLAST AB The distribution of many species inhabiting northwestern North America has been heavily influenced by the climatic changes during the late Pleistocene. Several studies have suggested that species were restricted to glacial refugia north and/or south of the continental ice sheet front. It is also hypothesized that the coast of northwestern North America could have been a prime location for glacial refugia because of the lowering of the eustatic sea level and the concomitant rise of the continental shelf because of tectonic rebound. Alternatively, some coastal species distributions and demographics may have been unaffected in the long-term by the last glacial maximum (LGM). We tested the glacial refugium hypothesis on an obligate coastal plant species, Carex macrocephala by sampling 600 individuals from 41 populations with 11 nuclear microsatellite loci and the rpL16 plastid intragenic spacer region. The microsatellite data sets suggest a low level of population differentiation with a standardized G(ST)' = 0.032 and inbreeding was high with an F = 0.969. The homogenization of the populations along the coast was supported by a principal coordinate analysis, AMOVAs and SAMOVA analyses. Analyses using the rpL16 data set support the results of the microsatellite analyses, with a low F(ST) of 0.042. Coalescent and mismatch analyses using rpL16 suggest that C. macrocephala has not gone through a significant bottleneck within the past 100 000 years, although a much earlier population expansion was indicated by the mismatch analysis. Carex macrocephala exhibits the characteristics of metapopulation dynamics and on the basis of these results, we concluded that it was not restricted to glacial refugia during the LGM, but that it existed as a large metapopulation. C1 [King, Matthew G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Horning, Matthew E.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Roalson, Eric H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP King, MG (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM kingdom@interchange.ubc.ca FU Andrew Friske, Erica Wheeler, Chris Kissinger (Ministry of Environment, British Columbia); John McIntosh (Pacific Rim National Park), President Guujaaw; Haida Nation, Robert DeVelice (Chugach National Forest); Mary Stensvold (Tongass National Forest); Jay Schleier (Oregon Department of Natural Resources); Deaydra Wise (Washington State Parks); Native Plant Society of Oregon, Betty Higinbotham Trust; Washington State University FX We would like to thank Timothy Carey and Danielle Davis for their laboratory assistance. We also wish to acknowledge the help of the following individuals in securing collection permits and the shipments of the collections: Andrew Friske, Erica Wheeler, Chris Kissinger (Ministry of Environment, British Columbia), John McIntosh (Pacific Rim National Park), President Guujaaw and the Haida Nation, Robert DeVelice (Chugach National Forest), Mary Stensvold (Tongass National Forest), Jay Schleier (Oregon Department of Natural Resources) and Deaydra Wise (Washington State Parks). We would also like to thank Richard Gomulkeiwicz, Michael Webster, Moira Scascitelli, Nolan Kane and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing this manuscript. This research was supported by the Native Plant Society of Oregon, Betty Higinbotham Trust and Washington State University. NR 82 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 18 IS 20 BP 4256 EP 4269 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04280.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 505CM UT WOS:000270665900012 PM 19754517 ER PT J AU Manitchotpisit, P Leathers, TD Peterson, SW Kurtzman, CP Li, XL Eveleigh, DE Lotrakul, P Prasongsuk, S Dunlap, CA Vermillion, KE Punnapayak, H AF Manitchotpisit, Pennapa Leathers, Timothy D. Peterson, Stephen W. Kurtzman, Cletus P. Li, Xin-Liang Eveleigh, Douglas E. Lotrakul, Pongtharin Prasongsuk, Sehanat Dunlap, Christopher A. Vermillion, Karl E. Punnapayak, Hunsa TI Multilocus phylogenetic analyses, pullulan production and xylanase activity of tropical isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Color variant; Concordance analysis; Multigene phylogeny ID COLOR VARIANTS; INFERENCE; THAILAND; STRAINS; MRBAYES; FUNGI; TREES AB Aureobasidium pullulans is the source of the commercially valuable polysaccharide pullulan and the enzyme xylanase. Isolates are typically off-white to pale pink or black on solid media, while some tropical isolates have been described as 'color variants' with bright pigments of red, yellow or purple. We sequenced 5 loci (internal transcribed spacer, intergenic spacer 1, translation elongation factor-1 alpha, beta tubulin, and RNA polymerase 11) from 45 new isolates from Thailand. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, isolates were classified into 12 clades. Each clade showed different colors on different culture media including two clades with 'color variants' and some clades exhibited high levels of pullulan production or xylanase activity. Colony characteristics do not correlate perfectly with DNA sequence phylogeny or the physiological characters, but DNA sequence differences rapidly identify isolates with genetic novelty. (C) 2009 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Manitchotpisit, Pennapa; Lotrakul, Pongtharin; Prasongsuk, Sehanat; Punnapayak, Hunsa] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Plant Biomass Utilizat Res Unit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Manitchotpisit, Pennapa; Punnapayak, Hunsa] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Biol Sci Program, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Leathers, Timothy D.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Peterson, Stephen W.; Kurtzman, Cletus P.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Li, Xin-Liang] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Eveleigh, Douglas E.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Dunlap, Christopher A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Vermillion, Karl E.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Punnapayak, H (reprint author), Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Plant Biomass Utilizat Res Unit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM phunsa@chula.ac.th FU Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden jubilee (RGJ) Ph.D. Program [PHD/4.S.CU/48/Q.1] FX Financial support from the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden jubilee (RGJ) Ph.D. Program (Grant number PHD/4.S.CU/48/Q.1) is acknowledged. This research was also supported by the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund from Chulalongkorn University. The authors are most grateful for assistance provided by Melinda Nunnally, Sicling Liu, Gregory Kennedy, Christopher Skory, Joseph Rich, Karen Hughes, Jennifer Steele, Jennifer Teresi, Don Fraser, Bruno Mannarelli, and Nathane Orwig at the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL, USA. Assistance from members of the Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand is also acknowledged. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 113 BP 1107 EP 1120 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.07.008 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 524CR UT WOS:000272121900009 PM 19619651 ER PT J AU Klich, MA Tang, S Denning, DW AF Klich, Maren A. Tang, Sean Denning, David W. TI Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin Production by Aspergillus Species Under Ex Vivo Conditions SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus; Mycotoxins; Aspergillosis; Fungal infections ID INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; GLIOTOXIN; FLAVUS; FUMIGATUS; VIRULENCE; PARASITICUS; OCHRACEUS; DELETION AB Aspergillus species are increasingly important human pathogens. It is not known whether toxic metabolites of many of these pathogenic species can act as virulence factors in aspergillosis. We examined isolates of aflatoxin and ochratoxin-producing species for toxin production in ex vivo conditions. Seven of the 21 aflatoxin-producing isolates screened produced aflatoxin at 35 and 37A degrees C on the general medium yeast extract sucrose agar (YES). However, none of them produced toxin at these temperatures on brain heart infusion agar (BHA), a medium that mimics human tissue, or on BHA with modified pH or sugar levels. Six of the 12 ochratoxin-producing isolates examined produced toxin at 35A degrees C on YES. All three isolates of A. alliaceus produced ochratoxin on BHA or modified BHA at 37A degrees C. One strain of A. pseudoelegans produced a minute amount of ochratoxin on modified BHA at 37A degrees C. These data indicate that aflatoxin is an unlikely virulence, factor but that ochratoxin may be a potential virulence factor in aspergillosis. C1 [Klich, Maren A.; Tang, Sean] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Denning, David W.] Wythenshawe Hosp, Educ Res Ctr, Manchester M23 9LT, Lancs, England. RP Klich, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM maren.klich@ars.usda.gov OI Denning, David/0000-0001-5626-2251 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X EI 1573-0832 J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD OCT PY 2009 VL 168 IS 4 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s11046-009-9215-7 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 495TW UT WOS:000269918900004 PM 19543805 ER PT J AU Doster, MA Cotty, PJ Michailides, TJ AF Doster, Mark A. Cotty, Peter J. Michailides, Themis J. TI Description of a Distinctive Aflatoxin-Producing Strain of Aspergillus nomius that Produces Submerged Sclerotia SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; Cyclopiazonic acid; Fig; Pecan; Pistachio ID SIMPLE SCREENING-METHOD; PURE CULTURES; SECTION FLAVI; UNITED-STATES; PARASITICUS; MOLDS; CALIFORNIA; COTTON; FUNGI AB A new distinctive strain of Aspergillus nomius that produces the potent mycotoxins, aflatoxins, is described from pistachio, pecan, and fig orchards in California. Similar to the typical strain of A. nomius (as represented by the ex-type), the O strain produced both B and G aflatoxins but not cyclopiazonic acid, had similar conidial ornamentation, and grew poorly at 42A degrees C. Furthermore, previous published DNA sequence supports that the new strain is very closely related to the ex-type of A. nomius. However, the O strain differs from the ex-type in several morphological characters. The ex-type was initially described as producing "indeterminate sclerotia" that appear as large (up to 3 mm long) elongated sclerotia on surfaces of media. The O strain produces only small spherical sclerotia (mean diameter < 0.3 mm) submerged in the medium. In addition, the O strain has predominantly uniseriate conidial heads, whereas the typical strain of A. nomius has predominantly biseriate heads. The O strain colony color on both Czapek solution agar and Czapek yeast extract agar was more yellowish than the ex-type of A. nomius and other common aflatoxin-producing fungi. Isolates of the O strain reported here from several orchards represent the first report of A. nomius in California. C1 [Doster, Mark A.; Michailides, Themis J.] Univ Calif Davis, Kearney Agr Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Cotty, Peter J.] ARS, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cotty, Peter J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Doster, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Kearney Agr Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM mark@uckac.edu; pjcotty@email.arizona.edu; themis@uckac.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD OCT PY 2009 VL 168 IS 4 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1007/s11046-009-9214-8 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 495TW UT WOS:000269918900005 PM 19484504 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Santana, B Lewis, DP Both, EE AF Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz Lewis, David P. Both, Ernst E. TI A new Boletus from North America SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE Boletaceae; ectomycorrhizal fungi; taxonomy AB Boletus roodyi is described as new to science. It appears to be mycorrhizal with Quercus and is widely distributed from central West Virginia to Arkansas and eastern Texas. C1 [Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Both, Ernst E.] Buffalo Museum Sci, Buffalo, NY 14211 USA. RP Ortiz-Santana, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM bortizsantana@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 110 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.5248/110.211 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 541ZM UT WOS:000273460600024 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, MC Anaya, AL Glenn, AE Macias-Rubalcava, ML Hernandez-Bautista, BE Hanlin, R AF Gonzalez, Maria C. Luisa Anaya, Ana Glenn, Anthony E. Macias-Rubalcava, Martha L. Hernandez-Bautista, Blanca E. Hanlin, Richardt TI Muscodor yucatanensis, a new endophytic ascomycete from Mexican chakah, Bursera simaruba SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE angiospermous trees; Burseraceae; fungal biodiversity; taxonomy; tropical forests ID ANTIBIOTIC-PRODUCING FUNGUS; SEEDLING DISEASES; SUGAR-BEET; SP-NOV.; ALBUS; ROSEUS AB During a study on the fungal endophytic associations with some trees of the secondary forest of El Eden Ecological Reserve located in the northeastern Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, a new fungal species was isolated as an endophyte of a tree named chakah, chachah, or hukup (Bursera simaruba) by indigenous Mayas. This fungus is characterized by producing a strong musty odor and absence of reproductive structures. Cultures of this fungus on PDA form a whitish, flocculose colony with an uncolored reverse and a mycelium that grows slowly. Scanning electron microscopy photographs showed in aerial and submerged mycelium the early formation of unique intercalary swollen, thin-walled, rugulose hyphae. Based on morphological and DNA sequence analyses, the Mexican isolate is a member of the Xylariales with high similarity to Muscodor albus and the related species Muscodor vitigenus, but with distinct differences that is hens described and illustrated as Muscodor yucatanensis sp. nov. C1 [Gonzalez, Maria C.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Bot, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Luisa Anaya, Ana; Macias-Rubalcava, Martha L.; Hernandez-Bautista, Blanca E.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Dept Ecol Func, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Glenn, Anthony E.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Hanlin, Richardt] Univ Georgia, Museum Nat Hist Annex, Bogart, GA 30622 USA. RP Gonzalez, MC (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Bot, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM mcgv@ibiologia.unam.mx FU Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) [IN230107-3] FX The authors are very grateful to the reviewers of the manuscript Dr. James W Kimbrough and Dr. Gary J. Samuels. The authors thank Carmen Loyola, M. Luisa Escobar Sanchez, and Rosa M. Picaso for assistance with the microscopy and photomicrographs. This work was supported by Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica (PAPIIT IN230107-3) of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) to the Instituto de Ecologia and Instiluto de Biologia of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 110 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.5248/110.363 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 541ZM UT WOS:000273460600038 ER PT J AU Hou, CT AF Hou, Ching T. TI ISBB SPECIAL ISSUE: NUMBER 1. PRODUCED BY THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Preface SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. EM Ching.Hou@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.08.003 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 516MS UT WOS:000271547200001 PM 19679204 ER PT J AU Hou, CT AF Hou, Ching T. TI Biotechnology for fats and oils: new oxygenated fatty acids SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CLAVIBACTER SP ALA2; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PR3; YEAST DIPODASCOPSIS-UNINUCLEATA; BACILLUS-MEGATERIUM ALA2; OLEIC-ACID; LINOLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; 10-KETOSTEARIC ACID; SPHINGOMONAS-PAUCIMOBILIS; 10-HYDROXYSTEARIC ACID AB Among the three groups of natural products (starch, protein and fat), fat and oil are the most under-investigated. The US has a large amount of surplus soybean oil annually, and using vegetable oils or their component fatty acids as starting material provides a new opportunity for bioindustry. Vegetable oils are relatively inexpensive and can be used to manufacture value-added products such as oxygenated oils and fatty acids. Oxygenated fatty acids are common in nature and are important industrial materials. They exist both in mammals and plants. Microorganisms oxidize fatty acids either at the terminal carbon or inside of the acyl chain to produce hydroxyl or keto fatty acids. In our continuing effort to produce value-added products from vegetable oils, we discovered more than one dozen novel oxygenated fatty acids through biotransformation. Microbial hydratase is a carbon 10 positional specific enzyme. Many of these new oxygenated fatty acids possess physiological activities and can be used as biomedicals, in addition to their known applications such as specialty chemicals. The position of hydroxyl groups on the fatty acyl carbon chain plays an important role in the activity against certain specific plant pathogenic fungi. Bacillus megaterium ALA2 converted polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in different ways. It converted omega-6 PUFAs to a mixture of diepoxy bicyclic, tetrahydrofuranyl rings, and/or trihydroxy groups in their molecules while the products from omega-3 PUFAs produced only hydroxyl tetrahydrofuranyl ring products. The monooxygenase gene of strain ALA2 was sequenced and is a soluble, self-sufficient P450(BM-3). subclass that was highly homologous with the wild-type protein. This new enzyme also possessed a significant high homology in all of the expected reductase regions as well. Fat and oil represent an area with tremendous opportunity for new biotechnology to explore. C1 ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM houct@ncaur.usda.gov NR 89 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.05.001 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 516MS UT WOS:000271547200002 PM 19447212 ER PT J AU Heo, SH Hou, CT Kim, BS AF Heo, Shin-Haeng Hou, Ching T. Kim, Beom Soo TI Production of oxygenated fatty acids from vegetable oils by Flavobacterium sp strain DS5 SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PR3; 10-KETOSTEARIC ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; 10-HYDROXYSTEARIC ACID; NRRL B-14859; BIOCONVERSION; CONVERSION; TRIOLEIN; PLANT AB Flavobacterium sp. strain DS5 (NRRL B-14859) was used to convert two vegetable oils, olive oil and soybean oil, directly to oxygenated fatty acids such as 10-ketostearic acid (10-KSA) and 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-HSA). Lipase addition to the culture was required because strain DS5 did not induce lipase activity to release free fatty acids from vegetable oils. 10-KSA production was higher from olive oil than from soybean oil because olive oil contains more oleic acid, the precursor of 10-KSA. The optimum amounts of olive oil and lipase addition for 10-KSA production were determined as 0.3 ml and 1 mg (specific activity = 700 units/mg) per 50 ml culture medium, respectively. At these conditions, 2.8 g/L of 10-KSA and 0.40 g/L of 10-HSA were obtained from olive oil as a substrate. C1 [Heo, Shin-Haeng; Kim, Beom Soo] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Hou, Ching T.] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kim, BS (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM bskim@chungbuk.ac.kr FU Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE); Korea Industrial Technology Foundation (KOTEF) FX This research was financially supported by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE) and Korea Industrial Technology Foundation (KOTEF) through the Human Resource Training Project for Strategic Technology. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.03.003 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 516MS UT WOS:000271547200016 PM 19818319 ER PT J AU Sealey, WM Barrows, FT Casten, M Hardy, RW AF Sealey, Wendy M. Barrows, Frederic T. Casten, Mike Hardy, Ronald W. TI Dietary Protein Source and Level Affects Growth in Neon Tetras SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ORNAMENTAL FISH; REQUIREMENTS AB Nutritional studies for aquarium fishes like the neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi are sparse in comparison with those for food fish. To determine the optimum dietary protein level and source for growth of neon tetras, diets were formulated to contain 25, 35, 45, and 55% dietary protein from either marine animal protein or plant protein sources in a 4 x 2 factorial treatment design. Neon tetras (initial weight, approximately 0.12 g) were reared in 5-L fiberglass ranks (25 fish/tank, 3 tanks/diet) in a freshwater recirculating system. Fish were hand-fed the experimental diets three times per day for 12 weeks. Average weight gain of neon tetras fed diets with marine protein sources was significantly higher than that for Fish fed diets based on plain proteins. Fish fed diets containing 45% or 55% crude protein had significantly greater weight gain than did fish fed 25% crude protein from either protein source. Fish fed 25% crude protein from either source had a significantly higher feed conversion ratio than did those fed 45% or 55% crude protein. Survival ranged from 71% to 84% and was not significantly altered by dietary protein source or level. No significant interactions between dietary protein source and level were found for;my of the response variables. As the price of fish meal continues to increase. the formulations of feeds for food fish will probably contain lower amounts of fish meal and higher amounts of plant protein products. If a similar trend occurs for ornamental fish diets, further refinement of nutritional requirements and assessment of palatability of feed ingredients for neon tetras and other aquarium species will be required. C1 [Sealey, Wendy M.; Casten, Mike; Hardy, Ronald W.] Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Trout Grains Project, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM wsealey@uidaho.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 71 IS 4 BP 320 EP 324 DI 10.1577/A08-017.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522US UT WOS:000272025100006 ER PT J AU Kindschi, GA Myrick, CA Barrows, FT Toner, M Fraser, WC Ilgen, J Beck, L AF Kindschi, Greg A. Myrick, Christopher A. Barrows, Frederic T. Toner, Matthew Fraser, William C. Ilgen, Jason Beck, Linda TI Performance of Yellowstone and Snake River Cutthroat Trout Fry Fed Seven Different Diets SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID DORSAL FIN EROSION; TEMPERATURE; STREAM AB Five commercial diets and two formulated feeds were fed to initial-feeding Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri fry and Snake River cutthroat trout O. clarkii spp. (currently being petitioned for classification as O. clarkii behnkei) fry for 18 weeks front June 16 to October 18, 2006, to evaluate fish performance. Eyed eggs from Yellowstone and Snake River cutthroat trout were received from the Yellowstone River State Fish Hatchery and Jackson National Fish Hatchery, respectively. Each diet was fed to four tanks of each subspecies of cutthroat trout (7 diets x 4 tanks/diet x 2 cutthroat trout subspecies = 56 tanks). Skretting Nutra-Plus provided optimal fish weight, total length, Survival, and feed conversion for Yellowstone cutthroat trout. The weight and total length of Snake River cutthroat trout were also greatest when fish were fed Skretting Nutra-Plus. Skretting Nutra-Plus is no longer available, but Skretting/Bio-Oregon Bio-Vita is very similar; this feed and similar premium feeds from other manufacturers should be considered for future cutthroat trout propagation programs. C1 [Myrick, Christopher A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Toner, Matthew; Fraser, William C.; Ilgen, Jason; Beck, Linda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Kindschi, GA (reprint author), 505 N Valley Dr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. EM gandckindschi@msn.com NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 71 IS 4 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1577/A08-026.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522US UT WOS:000272025100007 ER PT J AU Straus, DL Mitchell, AJ Radomski, AA Carter, RR Steeby, JA AF Straus, David L. Mitchell, Andrew J. Radomski, Andrew A. Carter, Ray R. Steeby, James A. TI Laboratory Dose Confirmation of Copper Sulfate for Treating Fungus on Channel Catfish Eggs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY; METALS AB Two dose confirmation studies are required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to verify the effectiveness of a candidate before approval as a new animal drug is awarded; the two studies provide independent substantiation of the results. This laboratory study was designed to compare,in untreated control and a 10-mg/L copper Sulfate (CuSO(4)) treatment to control fungus (Saprolegnia spp.) on eggs of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus at 23.5 degrees C in a flow-through system. The eggs were treated once daily until the embryos reached the eyed stage (five treatments). When hatching was complete for all viable eggs (day 10), the fry were counted to determine the percent survival in each treatment, Infestation by a fungus identified morphologically and by polymerase chain reaction as Saprolegnia spp. was severe in the control fish, resulting in 8% survival. The mean percent survival of fry hatched from the CuSO(4)-treated eggs was significantly higher (mean, 55%; range, 27-71%). C1 [Straus, David L.; Mitchell, Andrew J.; Radomski, Andrew A.; Carter, Ray R.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Steeby, James A.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Belzoni, MS 39038 USA. RP Straus, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM dave.straus@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 71 IS 4 BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1577/A08-058.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522US UT WOS:000272025100009 ER PT J AU Torrans, L Ott, B Jones, R Jones, R Baxter, J McCollum, B Wargo, A Donley, J AF Torrans, Les Ott, Brian Jones, Robert (Shorty) Jones, Robert, Jr. Baxter, Jeff McCollum, Bill Wargo, Andrew, III Donley, Jimmy TI A Vertical-Lift Incubator (the "Seesaw") Designed for Channel Catfish Egg Masses SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB Egg masses of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus are typically, incubated in mesh baskets suspended in metal troughs with rotating paddles fitted between the baskets that move the water to agitate the eggs. This system is widely used, but stress caused by low dissolved oxygen resulting from poor water circulation through the egg masses at higher egg loading rates can cause reduced hatch. We designed and tested a vertical-lift incubator to improve hatch with higher egg loading rates. Angle-aluminum racks were placed inside standard hatchery troughs. Three baskets with hinged lids were placed in each rack and the egg masses were placed in the baskets. The racks in a pair of troughs were connected to overhead bars that oscillated at six cycles per minute, raising the rack in one while lowering the rack in the adjacent trough. Egg masses were incubated at a mean +/- SE loading rate of 33.4 +/- 4.7 lb per trough. which is nearly twice the recommended rate, with no supplemental oxygen. Survival from egg through the swim-up stage averaged 84.9%. higher than the reported industry average hatch rate. We produced 153,000 fry . gal(-1) . min(-1) at the highest egg loading rate tested (47.4 lb per trough). The vertical-lift incubator may allow hatcheries to hatch more eggs using fewer troughs and less water than with traditional paddle agitation. C1 [Torrans, Les; Ott, Brian] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Jones, Robert (Shorty); Jones, Robert, Jr.] Needmore Fisheries LLC, Glen Allen, MS 38744 USA. [Baxter, Jeff; McCollum, Bill; Wargo, Andrew, III; Donley, Jimmy] Baxter Land Co Inc, Watson, AR 71674 USA. RP Torrans, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Catfish Genet Res Unit, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM les.torrans@ars.usda.gov FU USDA ARS CRIS [6402-13320-003-00D] FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The study was funded by USDA ARS CRIS Project 6402-13320-003-00D and made possible through a nonfunded cooperative agreement (6402-13320-003-07N) with Baxter Land Company, Inc. We greatly appreciate all of the assistance provided by management and employees of Needmore Fisheries, LLC and Baxter Land Company, Inc. We appreciate reviews of this manuscript provided by B. Bosworth, L. Dorman, B. Peterson, B. Small, and J. Steeby, and especially by the anonymous peer reviewers. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 71 IS 4 BP 354 EP 359 DI 10.1577/A08-066.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522US UT WOS:000272025100012 ER PT J AU Bennett, SN Kershner, JL AF Bennett, Stephen N. Kershner, Jeffrey L. TI Levels of Introgression in Westslope Cutthroat Trout Populations Nine Years after Changes to Rainbow Trout Stocking Programs in Southeastern British Columbia SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI-LEWISI; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; SALMONID FISHES; RIVER DRAINAGE; NORTH-AMERICA; HYBRID ZONES; HYBRIDIZATION; MYKISS; MARKERS; MANAGEMENT AB Introgressive hybridization (introgression) between native westslope cutthroat front Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi and introduced rainbow front O. mykiss in the tipper Kootenay River, British Columbia. appears to be recent and is partly attributed to rainbow trout stocking in Koocanusa Reservoir starting in 1988, fit 1998, rainbow trout stocking was stopped or replaced with the stocking of triploids throughout the watershed. The goal of this research was to determine the effect of the change in stocking practices oil the level of introgression between westslope cutthroat trout and rainbow trout. We monitored 14 sites front 1999 to 2007 using four co-dominant, diagnostic nuclear markers. Sample sites were categorized its (1) open if no fish migration barriers existed between the site and the reservoir or (2) closed if migration barriers were present between the site and the reservoir. We classified fish its pure westslope cutthroat trout if no rainbow trout alleles were detected fish were classified its hybrids if they had in least one rainbow trout allele present, We also classified fish into parental and hybrid types based on their multilocus genotypes. Open sites had more hybrids (15.8%) than closed sites (4.8%; chi(2) = 23.38. df = 1, P < 0.0001). Westslope cutthroat trout backcrosses were the most common hybrid genotype in both Open and closed sites. At open sites near the reservoir, introgression levels stayed relatively high (20-30%) and pure rainbow trout and rainbow trout backcross individuals were common. Introgression significantly increased at two of three Sites surveyed at intermediate distances upstream front the reservoir (i.e.. 27-87 km). The new, stocking, program does not appear to have reduced introgression or prevented the spread of hybrid individuals ill the upper Kootenay River, and more active management strategies will be required to prevent further introgression and loss of unique westslope Cutthroat trout populations. C1 [Bennett, Stephen N.; Kershner, Jeffrey L.] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kershner, Jeffrey L.] US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bennett, SN (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM bennett.ecological@gmail.com FU Global Forest Science [GF-18-2002-236]; USDA Forest Service, Fish and Aquatic Ecology Unit FX Funding for this project was provided by Global Forest Science (GF-18-2002-236) and the USDA Forest Service, Fish and Aquatic Ecology Unit in Logan, Utah. Peter Corbett and John Addison of Mirkwood Ecological Consults assisted in the collection of all the genetic samples. John Olson assisted with GIS analysis and creating Figure 1. Emily Rubidge graciously provided al the genetic data collected prior to 2002 and advice on genetic analysis and interpretation. Dr. Paul Wolf and Dr. Steve Larson provided lab space for genetic analysis. This article was improved by comments of Phaedra Budy, Karen Mock., Mark Miller, Brett Roper, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1271 EP 1282 DI 10.1577/M08-048.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 522UW UT WOS:000272025500008 ER PT J AU Galvez, DA Tyree, MT AF Galvez, David A. Tyree, M. T. TI Impact of simulated herbivory on water relations of aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings: the role of new tissue in the hydraulic conductivity recovery cycle SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Defoliation; Gradual physiological changes; Percent loss of conductivity; Plant responses; Refoliation process ID COMPENSATORY GROWTH; IPOMOPSIS-AGGREGATA; SPATIAL-PATTERN; WOODY-PLANTS; TOLERANCE; XYLEM; EMBOLISM; DEFOLIATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ARCHITECTURE AB Physiological mechanisms behind plant-herbivore interactions are commonly approached as input-output systems where the role of plant physiology is viewed as a black box. Studies evaluating impacts of defoliation on plant physiology have mostly focused on changes in photosynthesis while the overall impact on plant water relations is largely unknown. Stem hydraulic conductivity (k (h)), stem specific conductivity (k (s)), percent loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC), CO(2) assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (g (s)) were measured on well-irrigated 1-month-old Populus tremuloides (Michx.) defoliated and control seedlings until complete refoliation. PLC values of defoliated seedlings gradually increased during the refoliation process despite them being kept well irrigated. k (s) of defoliated seedlings gradually decreased during refoliation. PLC and k (s) values of control seedlings remained constant during refoliation. k (s) of new stems, leaf specific conductivity and A of leaves grown from new stems in defoliated and control seedlings were not significantly different, but g (s) was higher in defoliated than in control seedlings. The gradual increase of PLC and decrease of k (s) values in old stems after defoliation was unexpected under well-irrigated conditions, but appeared to have little impact on new stems formed after defoliation. The gradual loss of conductivity measured during the refoliation process under well-irrigated conditions suggests that young seedlings of P. tremuloides may be more susceptible to cavitation after herbivore damage under drought conditions. C1 [Galvez, David A.; Tyree, M. T.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Tyree, M. T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Galvez, DA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM david.galvez@ualberta.ca NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2009 VL 161 IS 4 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1416-8 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 495AE UT WOS:000269860700003 PM 19603186 ER PT J AU Zack, RS Landolt, PJ Strenge, D AF Zack, Richard S. Landolt, Peter J. Strenge, Dennis TI Goat moths (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) of the Hanford Site and Hanford National Monument, Washington State SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE goat moths; carpenter moths; Hanford; Washington State; new state records AB Three species of goat moths are recorded at the Hanford Nuclear Site and Hanford National Monument in south central Washington State. They are: Comadia bertholdi (Grote 1880), Givira cornelia (Neumoegen & Dyar 1893), and Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck 1818). The general habitat of the Hanford area is shrub-steppe but there are extensive areas of sand dune as well as limited riparian habitat. These are the first Washington records for C. bertholdi and G. cornelia. In addition, Comadia bertholdi also is first recorded here from Yakima County, Washington, 81 km west of the Hanford Site. Flight period dates are presented for all collections. C1 [Zack, Richard S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Landolt, Peter J.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Zack, RS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM zack@wsu.edu FU Nature Conservancy of Washington State FX This work was supported by The Nature Conservancy of Washington State. Their support of this and other studies throughout Washington is greatly appreciated. We are most thankful to the staff of the Hanford Site (US Department of Energy) and Hanford Reach National Monument (US Fish and Wildlife Service) for providing us extensive access to the sites and for being so supportive of our studies. We want to thank Cheryl Barr (Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley) and Christopher Marshall (Oregon State Arthropod Collection, Oregon State University) for searching their respective collections for specimens collected in Washington State. Lars Crabo (Bellingham, WA) provided specimen records from his personal collection. We also searched the William Barr Collection at the University of Idaho. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 85 IS 4 BP 182 EP 186 DI 10.3956/2009-16.1 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 590TY UT WOS:000277252300003 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, J. P. TI The evolution of the knowledge of cat and dog coccidia SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; protozoa; coccidia; cat; dog; zoonosis ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; ISOSPORA-RIVOLTA; LIFE-CYCLE; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; HAMMONDIA-HAMMONDI; PROTOZOA-EIMERIIDAE; BESNOITIA-DARLINGI; DEFINITIVE HOSTS; FELIS WENYON; N. SP AB Before the discovery of Toxoplasma gondii as a coccidium of the cat in 1970, cat and dog coccidia were classified in the genus Isospora and considered of little clinical or zoonotic significance. Since 1970, several new (Hammondia sp., Neospora sp.) and previously described species, including Sarcocystis, Besnoitia, and Cryptosporidium have been found as coccidians of cats and dog coccidia. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 136 IS 12 BP 1469 EP 1475 DI 10.1017/S003118200900585X PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 499HC UT WOS:000270207900011 PM 19366482 ER PT J AU Rosario-Cruz, R Guerrero, FD Miller, RJ Rodriguez-Vivas, RI Tijerina, M Dominguez-Garcia, DI Hernandez-Ortiz, R Cornel, AJ McAbee, RD Alonso-Diaz, MA AF Rosario-Cruz, Rodrigo Guerrero, Felix D. Miller, Robert J. Ivan Rodriguez-Vivas, Roger Tijerina, Mary Ines Dominguez-Garcia, Delia Hernandez-Ortiz, Ruben Cornel, Anthony J. McAbee, Rory D. Angel Alonso-Diaz, Miguel TI Molecular survey of pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in Mexican field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; ESTERASE-ACTIVITY; PUTATIVE CARBOXYLESTERASE; KNOCKDOWN RESISTANCE; POINT MUTATION; UNITED-STATES; IXODIDAE AB Susceptibility to synthetic pyrethroids (SPA ' s) and the role of two major resistance mechanisms were evaluated in Mexican Rhipicephalus microplus tick populations. Larval packet test (LPT), knock-down (kdr) PCR allele-specific assay (PASA) and esterase activity assays were conducted in tick populations for cypermethrin, flumethrin and deltamethrin. Esterase activity did not have a significant correlation with SPA ' s resistance. However a significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the presence of the sodium channel mutation, and resistance to SPA ' s as measured by PASA and LPT respectively. Just over half the populations (16/28) were cross-resistant to flumethrin, deltamethrin and cypermethrine, 21.4% of the samples (6/28) were susceptible to all of the three pyrethroids 10.7 of the samples (3/28) were resistant to flumethrin, 3.4 of the samples (1/28) were resistant to deltamethrin only and 7.1% (2/28) were resistant to flumethrin and deltamethrin. The presence of the kdr mutation correlates with resistance to the SPA ' s as a class. Target site insensitivity is the major mechanism of resistance to SPA ' s in Mexican R. microplus field strains, involving the presence of a sodium channel mutation, however, esterase-based, other mutations or combination of mechanisms can also occur. C1 [Rosario-Cruz, Rodrigo] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, CENID PAVET, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. [Rosario-Cruz, Rodrigo; Hernandez-Ortiz, Ruben] Ctr Nacl Invest Disciplinaria Parasitol Vet, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. [Guerrero, Felix D.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Miller, Robert J.; Tijerina, Mary] USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Ivan Rodriguez-Vivas, Roger] Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Dept Parasitol, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Merida 97100, Yucatan, Mexico. [Ines Dominguez-Garcia, Delia] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, DF, Mexico. [Cornel, Anthony J.; McAbee, Rory D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Mosquito Control Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Angel Alonso-Diaz, Miguel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ensenanza Invest & Extens Ganaderia Trop, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Martinez De La Torre, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Rosario-Cruz, R (reprint author), Inst Nacl Invest Forestales Agr & Pecuarias, CENID PAVET, Carr Fed Cuernavaca Cuautla 8534,Col Progresco, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico. EM rockdrig@yahoo.com.mx FU CONACYTS-AGARPA, Mexico [2002-C01-1447, 2002-C01-1754] FX This project was funded by CONACYTS-AGARPA, Mexico. Projects No. 2002-C01-1447 and 2002-C01-1754. We also want to acknowledge to the CONACyT for the financial support of the student Delia Ines Dominguez Garc a, currently registered in the doctoral graduate program of the UAMXochimilco, Mexico. Special acknowledgements to Kylie Bendele for his critical review and Edgar Castro Saines and Gabriela Aguilar Tipacam for their technical assistance. All experiments comply with the current laws of Mexico and USA. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 EI 1432-1955 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1145 EP 1153 DI 10.1007/s00436-009-1539-1 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 486OR UT WOS:000269207200033 PM 19565267 ER PT J AU Crespo, ALB Spencer, TA Alves, AP Hellmich, RL Blankenship, EE Magalhaes, LC Siegfried, BD AF Crespo, Andre L. B. Spencer, Terence A. Alves, Analiza P. Hellmich, Richard L. Blankenship, Erin E. Magalhaes, Leonardo C. Siegfried, Blair D. TI On-plant survival and inheritance of resistance to Cry1Ab toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in a field-derived strain of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; inheritance; transgenic maize; Cry1Ab; high dose plus refuge; insecticide resistance management ID PINK-BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CROSS-RESISTANCE; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; CRAMBIDAE; BT; GELECHIIDAE; INSECTICIDE; DOMINANCE; ENDOTOXIN; SELECTION AB BACKGROUND: The high dose plus refuge is one of the major components of the resistance management plan mandated for transgenic corn expressing Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) that targets the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). This strategy was based on assumptions such as functional recessive inheritance, which has not been previously tested for O. nubilalis. The authors used a field-derived resistant strain of O. nubilalis to define the nature of resistance to Cry1Ab toxin by examining the inheritance and on-plant survival of susceptible and resistant insects and their F(1) progeny. RESULTS: The resistant strain exhibited >800-fold resistance to Cry1Ab. Resistance was primarily autosomal and controlled by more than one locus or multiple alleles at one locus. The degree of dominance D calculated on the basis of LC(50) values was -0.45 (h' = 0.27), indicating that resistance was incompletely recessive. No survivors were found on vegetative-stage Bt corn, although both resistant larvae and their F(1) progeny were able to survive on reproductive corn 15 days after infestation. CONCLUSIONS: A field derived O. nubilalis strain exhibited high levels of resistance to Cry1Ab and survived on transgenic corn by feeding on tissues with low Cry1Ab expression. The Cry1Ab resistance was primarily autosomal, incompletely recessive and polygenic. Tissue and on-plant survival data indicated that dominance varies depending on plant stage. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Crespo, Andre L. B.; Spencer, Terence A.; Alves, Analiza P.; Magalhaes, Leonardo C.; Siegfried, Blair D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, USDA, Agr Res Serv DOA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Blankenship, Erin E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Siegfried, BD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bsiegfried1@unl.edu FU Agricultural Biotechnology Stewardship Technical Committee; National Science Foudation Center for Integrated Pest Management FX The authors thank the Monsanto Co. and Dan Ziegler (Bacillus Genetic Stock Center) for providing the Cry1Ab toxin used in the bioassays. Funding for this research was provided by the Agricultural Biotechnology Stewardship Technical Committee and the National Science Foudation Center for Integrated Pest Management. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1071 EP 1081 DI 10.1002/ps.1793 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 497CX UT WOS:000270033100004 PM 19484699 ER PT J AU Shivrain, VK Burgos, NR Gealy, DR Sales, MA Smith, KL AF Shivrain, Vinod K. Burgos, Nilda R. Gealy, David R. Sales, Marites A. Smith, Kenneth L. TI Gene flow from weedy red rice (Oryza sativa L.) to cultivated rice and fitness of hybrids SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biosafety; imazethapyr-resistant rice; Clearfield (TM) rice; gene flow; pollen flow; red rice; weedy rice ID HERBICIDE-RESISTANT RICE; WILD RELATIVES; CLEARFIELD(TM) RICE; SEED DORMANCY; INTROGRESSION; INTERFERENCE; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; PLANTS AB BACKGROUND: Gene transfer from weeds to crops could produce weedy individuals that might impact upon the evolutionary dynamics of weedy populations, the persistence of escaped genes in agroecosystems and approaches to weed management and containment of transgenic crops. The present aim was to quantify the gene flowrate from weedy red rice to cultivated rice, and evaluate the morphology, phenology and fecundity of resulting hybrids. Field experiments were conducted at Stuttgart and Rohwer, Arkansas, USA. Twelve red rice accessions and an imazethapyr-resistant rice (Imi-R; Clearfield (TM)) were used. RESULTS: Hybrids between Imi-R rice x red rice were 138-150 cm tall and flowered 1 - 5 days later than the rice parent, regardless of the red rice parent. Hybrids produced 20-50% more seed than the rice parent, but had equivalent seed production to the majority of red rice parents. Seeds of all hybrids were red, pubescent and dehisced at maturity. For the majority of hybrids, seed germination was higher than that of the red rice parent. The gene flowrate from red rice to rice was 0.01-0.2% and differed by red rice biotype. The hybrids had higher fecundity and potential competitive ability than the rice parent, and in some cases also the red rice parent. CONCLUSIONS: Red rice plants are vectors of gene flow back to cultivated rice and other weedy populations. The progeny of red rice hybrids from cultivated rice mother plants have higher chances of persistence than those from red rice mother plants. Gene flow mitigation strategies should consider this scenario. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Shivrain, Vinod K.; Burgos, Nilda R.; Sales, Marites A.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Gealy, David R.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Smith, Kenneth L.] Univ Arkansas, Cooperat Extens Serv, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Burgos, NR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, 1366 W Altheimer Dr, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM nburgos@uark.edu FU Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board; BASF Corp. FX The authors thank the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board and BASF Corp. for funding this project. Assistance in field work by Howard Black, Jason Meier, Ryan Doherty, Linda Martin, Larry Earnest and Melissa Jia is highly appreciated. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 29 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1124 EP 1129 DI 10.1002/ps.1802 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 497CX UT WOS:000270033100011 PM 19530257 ER PT J AU Athanassiou, CG Arthur, FH Throne, JE AF Athanassiou, Christos G. Arthur, Frank H. Throne, James E. TI Efficacy of grain protectants against four psocid species on maize, rice and wheat SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lepinotus reticulatus; Liposcelis bostrychophila; Liposcelis entomophila; Liposcelis paeta; maize; rice; wheat ID DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH FORMULATIONS; DOMINICA F COLEOPTERA; LIPOSCELIS-BOSTRYCHOPHILA; STORED-GRAIN; RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; LEPINOTUS-RETICULATUS; INSECTICIDAL EFFICACY; STRUCTURAL TREATMENTS; RESIDUAL TOXICITIES AB BACKGROUND: Psocids are emerging pests in stored products, particularly in amylaceous commodities such as grains. Currently, their control is based on the use of fumigants and contact insecticides; however, newer data indicate that psocids are tolerant to insecticides used to control other stored-grain species. This study evaluated the insecticides registered in the USA for use on stored maize, rice and wheat for control of the psocid species Lepinotus reticulatus, Liposcelis entomophila, L. bostrychophila and L. paeta. Mortality of exposed adult females was recorded after 7 and 14 days of exposure, while progeny production was assessed after 30 days of exposure. RESULTS: On wheat and rice, chlorpyriphos-methyl + deltamethrin was generally more effective against exposed parental adults than spinosad or pyrethrin, while pirimiphos-methyl was more effective on maize than spinosad or pyrethrin. In most cases, progeny production was suppressed in the treated grains. Progeny production was consistently lowest on wheat and rice treated with chlorpyriphos-methyl + deltamethrin and maize treated with pirimiphos-methyl. CONCLUSIONS: Chlorpyriphos-methyl + deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl were the most effective insecticides for all species and commodities. Conversely, efficacy of spinosad or pyrethrum was highly dependent on the psocid species and commodity. Published 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Athanassiou, Christos G.] Agr Univ Athens, Lab Agr Zool & Entomol, Athens 11855, Greece. [Athanassiou, Christos G.; Arthur, Frank H.; Throne, James E.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Athanassiou, CG (reprint author), Agr Univ Athens, Lab Agr Zool & Entomol, 75 Iera Odos, Athens 11855, Greece. EM athanas@aua.gr NR 32 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1140 EP 1146 DI 10.1002/ps.1804 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 497CX UT WOS:000270033100013 PM 19548292 ER PT J AU Hargrove, WW Spruce, JP Gasser, GE Hoffman, FM AF Hargrove, William W. Spruce, Joseph P. Gasser, Gerald E. Hoffman, Forrest M. TI Toward a National Early Warning System for Forest Disturbances Using Remotely Sensed Canopy Phenology SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hargrove, William W.] US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Spruce, Joseph P.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. [Gasser, Gerald E.] Lockheed Martin Civil Programs, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39522 USA. [Hoffman, Forrest M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hargrove, WW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA, So Res Stn, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM hnw@geobabble.org; joseph.p.spruce@nasa.gov; gerald.e.gasser@lmco.com; forrest@climatemodeling.org RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 8 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1150 EP 1156 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506TM UT WOS:000270799200001 ER PT J AU Koca, U Berhow, MA Febres, VJ Champ, KI Carrillo-Mendoza, O Moore, GA AF Koca, Ufuk Berhow, Mark A. Febres, Vicente J. Champ, Karen I. Carrillo-Mendoza, Omar Moore, Gloria A. TI Decreasing unpalatable flavonoid components in Citrus: the effect of transformation construct SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID CHALCONE SYNTHASE; GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; GENE-EXPRESSION; QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION; MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; ANTISENSE RNA; HUMAN HEALTH; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; NARINGIN AB Citrus species accumulate large quantities of flavanone glycosides in their leaves and fruit. The physiological role(s) of these compounds in citrus plants are unknown, but they have been documented to benefit human health upon consumption. Flavanone rutinosides are tasteless, whereas flavanone neohesperidosides, such as naringin, give a bitter taste to fruit and fruit juice products, reducing their palatability. In an effort to alter the types and levels of flavanone neohesperidosides in citrus, an Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation approach was employed. Citrus paradisi Macf. (grapefruit) epicotyl stem segments were transformed with sense (S) and antisense (AS) constructs of the target genes chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI), whose products catalyze the first two steps in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Transformation with each of the individual constructs led to a different and unpredictable combination of viability, phenotypic change, transgene steady-state expression and alteration in flavonoid content in the resulting transgenic plants. These qualities were consistent within the transgenic plants obtained using any particular construct. Transgenic plants with decreased leaf naringin levels were obtained, particularly when the CHS-AS constructs were employed. C1 [Koca, Ufuk; Febres, Vicente J.; Champ, Karen I.; Moore, Gloria A.] Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Koca, Ufuk] Gazi Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-0633 Ankara, Turkey. [Berhow, Mark A.] USDA REE ARS MWA NCAUR BAR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Febres, Vicente J.; Champ, Karen I.; Carrillo-Mendoza, Omar; Moore, Gloria A.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Moore, GA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM gamoore@ufl.edu FU Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education; The United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund ( BARD); Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council FX The authors thank the Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education for their financial support to Dr. Ufuk Koca during her doctoral studies. This research was supported in part by The United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund ( BARD) and the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 137 IS 2 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01264.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 493AX UT WOS:000269706500001 PM 19656329 ER PT J AU Steffenson, BJ Jin, Y Brueggeman, RS Kleinhofs, A Sun, Y AF Steffenson, B. J. Jin, Y. Brueggeman, R. S. Kleinhofs, A. Sun, Y. TI Resistance to Stem Rust Race TTKSK Maps to the rpg4/Rpg5 Complex of Chromosome 5H of Barley SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; SP SECALIS; LINE Q21861; GENE RPG4; WHEAT; INHERITANCE; VIRULENCE; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE AB Race TTKSK (Ug99) of the wheat stem rust pathogen (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is a serious threat to both wheat and barley production worldwide because of its wide virulence on many cultivars and rapid spread from eastern Africa. Line Q21861 is one of the most resistant barleys known to this race. To elucidate the genetics of resistance in this line, we evaluated the Q21861/SM89010 (Q/SM) doubled-haploid population for reaction to race TTKSK at the seedling stage. Segregation for resistance: susceptibility in Q/SM doubled-haploid lines fit a 1: 1 ratio (58: 71 with chi(2) = 1.31 and P = 0.25), indicating that a single gene in Q21861 confers resistance to race TTKSK. In previous studies, a recessive gene (rpg4) and a partially dominant gene (Rpg5) were reported to control resistance to P. graminis f. sp. tritici race QCCJ and P. graminis f. sp. secalis isolate 92-MN-90, respectively, in Q21861. These resistance genes co-segregate with each other in the Q/SM population and were mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5H. Resistance to race TTKSK also co-segregated with resistance to both rusts, indicating that the gene conferring resistance to race TTKSK also lies at the rpg4/Rpg5 locus. This result was confirmed through the molecular analysis of recombinants previously used to characterize loci conferring resistance to race QCCJ and isolate 92-MN-90. The 70-kb region contains Rpg5 (a nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase gene), rpg4 (an actin depolymerizing factor-like gene), and two other genes of unidentified function. Research is underway to resolve which of the genes are required for conferring resistance to race TTKSK. Regardless, the simple inheritance should make Q21861 a valuable source of TTKSK resistance in barley breeding programs. C1 [Steffenson, B. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jin, Y.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Brueggeman, R. S.; Kleinhofs, A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Sun, Y.] Monsanto Co, Waterman, IL 60556 USA. RP Steffenson, BJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bsteffen@umn.edu OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 FU Lieberman-Okinow Endowment at the University of Minnesota FX This research was funded in part by the Lieberman-Okinow Endowment at the University of Minnesota. We thank S. Dahl, T. Szinyei, S. Gale, and L. Wanshura for excellent technical assistance; B. G. Rossnagel and B. Harvey for the gift of the Q/SM population; and P. Njau, R. Wanyera, D. Singh, G. Macharia, and J. Marcharia for establishing the rust screening nurseries in Kenya. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 99 IS 10 BP 1135 EP 1141 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-10-1135 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 492VG UT WOS:000269688400004 PM 19740026 ER PT J AU Pfender, W AF Pfender, W. TI Demonstration of Pathotype Specificity in Stem Rust of Perennial Ryegrass SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAMINIS SUBSP GRAMINICOLA; LOLIUM-PERENNE; SEED CROPS; ITALIAN RYEGRASS; RESISTANCE; WHEAT; POPULATIONS; INHERITANCE; DURATION AB Rust diseases cause significant damage in forage and seed crops of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), which is highly heterozygous and heterogeneous and thus presents difficulty in genetic analysis. There has been no definitive demonstration of the existence of pathotypes for stem rust or other rusts of perennial ryegrass, although experiments with crown rust (Puccinia coronata) of this host are strongly suggestive of pathotype specificity. We made single-pustule isolates of P. graminis subsp. graminicola, and applied them individually to a set of genetically diverse, clonally propagated individuals of L. perenne. There were clear examples of different patterns of virulence among isolates across the different plant clones, including qualitative and quantitative differences in resistance. These data demonstrate the existence of pathotype specificity in stem rust of L. perenne, information which will be useful in breeding for disease resistance. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pfender, W (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM pfenderw@onid.orst.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 99 IS 10 BP 1185 EP 1189 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-10-1185 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 492VG UT WOS:000269688400010 PM 19740032 ER PT J AU Gent, DH Ocamb, CM AF Gent, David H. Ocamb, Cynthia M. TI Predicting Infection Risk of Hop by Pseudoperonspora humuli SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOWNY MILDEW EPIDEMICS; BREMIA-LACTUCAE; LEAF WETNESS; WEATHER; PATHOGEN; MODELS; TEMPERATURE; PERSISTENCE; WASHINGTON; DURATION AB Downy mildew, caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli, is one of the most destructive diseases of hop. Weather factors associated with infection risk by P. humuli in the maritime region of western Oregon were examined for 24- and 48-h periods and quadratic discriminant function models were developed to classify periods as favorable for disease development on leaves. For the 24-h data sets, the model with superior predictive ability included variables for hours of relative humidity >80%, degree-hours of wetness, and mean night temperature. The same variables were selected for the 48-h data sets, with the addition of a product variable for mean night temperature and hours of relative humidity >80%. Cut-points ( p(T)) on receiver operating characteristic curves that minimized the overall error rate were identified by selecting the cut-point with the highest value of Youden's index. For the 24-and 48-h models these were p(T) = 0.49 and 0.39, respectively. With these thresholds, the sensitivity and specificity of the models in cross validation by jackknife exclusion were 83.3 and 88.8% for the 24-h model and 87.5 and 84.4% for the 48-h model, respectively. Cut-points that minimized the average costs associated with disease control and crop loss due to classification errors were determined using estimates of economic damage during vegetative development and on cones near harvest. Use of the 24- and 48-h models was estimated to reduce average management costs during vegetative development when disease prevalence was <0.31 and 0.16, respectively. Using economic assumptions near harvest, management decisions informed by the models reduced average costs when disease prevalence was <0.21 and 0.1 for the 24- and 48-h models, respectively. The value of the models in management decisions was greatest when disease prevalence was relatively low during vegetative development, which generally corresponds to the normally drier period from late spring to midsummer in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. C1 [Gent, David H.] USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gent, David H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ocamb, Cynthia M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Gent, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gentd@onid.orst.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [5358-21000035-00]; Oregon State University; USDA-CSREES Western IPM Center FX The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Financial support was provided by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) CRIS 5358-21000035-00, Oregon State University, and USDA-CSREES Western IPM Center. We thank B. Turechek for assistance in developing the macro for equation 4; W. Mahaffee, B. Pfender, and B. Turechek for providing valuable comments during their critical reviews of an earlier draft of the manuscript; and N. Adair, K. King, K. Roseboro, and J. Woods for excellent technical support. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 99 IS 10 BP 1190 EP 1198 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-10-1190 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 492VG UT WOS:000269688400011 PM 19740033 ER PT J AU Sui, XX Wang, MN Chen, XM AF Sui, X. X. Wang, M. N. Chen, X. M. TI Molecular Mapping of a Stripe Rust Resistance Gene in Spring Wheat Cultivar Zak SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANALOG POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; UNITED-STATES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; NORTH-AMERICA; BARLEY; RACES AB Stripe rust (yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is the best approach for control of the disease. Although the stripe rust resistance in spring wheat cv. Zak has been circumvented by a group of races of the pathogen predominant in the United States since 2000, the resistance genes in Zak were unknown. To identify and map the genes for resistance to stripe rust, Zak was crossed with susceptible wheat genotype 'Avocet Susceptible'. Seedlings of the parents and F(1), F(2), and F(3) progeny were tested with P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races PST-43 and PST-45 under controlled greenhouse conditions. Genetic analysis determined that Zak has a single dominant gene, designated as YrZak, conferring race-specific all-stage resistance. Resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP), simple sequence repeat (SSR), and sequence-tagged site (STS) techniques were used to identify molecular markers linked to YrZak. A linkage group of three RGAP, three SSR, and three STS markers was constructed for YrZak using 205 F(3) lines. Amplification of the complete set of Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic lines with RGAP marker Xwgp102 indicated that YrZak is present on chromosome 2B. The three SSR markers further mapped YrZak to the long arm of chromosome 2B. Amplification of chromosome 2B deletion lines with SSR marker Xgwm501 further confirmed that YrZak is on chromosome 2BL. To determine the genetic distance between YrZak and Yr5, which also is present on chromosome 2BL, 300 F(2) plants from cross Zak/Yr5 were tested with PST-43. Six susceptible plants were identified from the F(2) population, indicating that YrZak and Yr5 are approximate to 42 centimorgans apart. The results of race reactions and chromosomal locations indicated that YrZak is different from previously identified genes for resistance to stripe rust. This gene should be useful in monitoring virulence changes in the pathogen population and in studying host-pathogen interactions. C1 [Sui, X. X.; Wang, M. N.; Chen, X. M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, X. M.] USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@wsu.edu RI WANG, Meinan/P-5671-2014 OI WANG, Meinan/0000-0001-9595-3995 FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [5348-22000-014-00D]; Vogel Foundation [13Z-3061-3824]; Washington Wheat Commission; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human; Natural Resource Sciences Research Center; Washington State University, Pullman, WA [WNP00823] FX This research was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (project no. 5348-22000-014-00D), Vogel Foundation (project no. 13Z-3061-3824), and Washington Wheat Commission. PPNS No. 0517, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Research Center, projects no. WNP00823, Washington State University, Pullman, WA. We thank the Shandong Provincial Education Association for International Exchanges for financial support to Xinxia Sui, P. Cheng for technical assistance, and T. D. Murray and K. Gill for their critical review of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2009 VL 99 IS 10 BP 1209 EP 1215 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-10-1209 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 492VG UT WOS:000269688400013 PM 19740035 ER PT J AU Kitchen, DJ Blair, JM Callaham, MA AF Kitchen, Duane J. Blair, John M. Callaham, Mac A., Jr. TI Annual fire and mowing alter biomass, depth distribution, and C and N content of roots and soil in tallgrass prairie SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Fire; Grassland; Mowing; Root biomass depth distribution; Soil C and N; Tallgrass prairie ID MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; LONG-TERM; GRASSLAND; PLANT; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS; INTENSITY; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY AB Management practices, such as fire and mowing, can affect the distribution and quality of roots and soil C and N in grasslands. We examined long-term (13 years) effects of annual fire and mowing on fine (< 2 mm) roots and soil C and N content in a native tallgrass prairie at Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeastern Kansas, USA. Using 90 cm deep soil cores, we determined that fire and mowing independently and interactively influenced the quantity and depth distribution of fine root biomass, root C and N concentration, and soil C and N content. Annual burning increased total fine root biomass by 48% and total C storage in roots by 47% compared to unburned unmowed plots, and resulted in a deeper distribution of roots. There was a significant interaction of fire and mowing, whereby mowing reduced root biomass and root C storage by similar to 30% in annually burned plots, but did not affect total root biomass in unburned plots. Mowing also resulted in shallower distribution of roots regardless of fire treatment. Root N concentration was reduced by 15-25% in plots that were burned, mowed, or both. Mowing effects on soil C and N were restricted to surface soils (0-10 cm), where mowing reduced soil C concentrations by similar to 20% and N concentrations by 17% regardless of burning treatment. In contrast, burning alone did not significantly influence soil C and N concentrations. In general, root biomass, root C and N mass, and soil C and N concentrations declined with depth, and most responses to burning and mowing exhibited significant interactions with depth. Different long-term fire and mowing regimes can significantly alter belowground root biomass and C and N dynamics in grasslands, and in particular at depths in the profile that are not typically sampled. C1 [Kitchen, Duane J.] Rockford Coll, Dept Biol, Rockford, IL 61108 USA. [Blair, John M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Callaham, Mac A., Jr.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kitchen, DJ (reprint author), Rockford Coll, Dept Biol, 5050 E State St, Rockford, IL 61108 USA. EM dkitchen@rockford.edu RI Blair, John/I-4082-2014 OI Blair, John/0000-0003-0072-0721 FU NSF; Division of Biology FX Support for this research was provided by the NSF-supported Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research program, and by the Division of Biology at Kansas State University. We are grateful for field and laboratory assistance from A. Silletti, M. Stone, J. Nutt, K. Page, and the KPBS staff. This is publication 09-248-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 57 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2009 VL 323 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s11104-009-9931-2 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 504XB UT WOS:000270650300020 ER PT J AU Zhang, JR Martin, JM Beecher, B Morris, CF Hannah, LC Giroux, MJ AF Zhang, Jinrui Martin, John M. Beecher, Brian Morris, Craig F. Hannah, L. Curtis Giroux, Michael J. TI Seed-specific expression of the wheat puroindoline genes improves maize wet milling yields SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE maize; wheat; puroindoline; wet milling; starch extractability; grain hardness ID GRAIN HARDNESS; TRANSGENIC WHEAT; STARCH; ENDOSPERM; OPAQUE-2; CORN; FRIABILIN; SEQUENCE; PHENOTYPE; MUTANT AB The texture of maize (Zea mays L.) seeds is important to seed processing properties, and soft dent maize is preferred for both wet-milling and livestock feed applications. The puroindoline genes (Pina and Pinb) are the functional components of the wheat (Triticum aestivum 0 Hardness locus and together function to create soft grain texture in wheat. The PINs (PINA and PINB) are believed to act by binding to lipids on the surface of starch granules, preventing tight adhesion between starch granules and the surrounding protein matrix during seed maturation. Here, maize kernel structure and wet milling properties were successfully modified by the endosperm-specific expression of wheat Pins (Pina and Pinb). Pins were introduced into maize under the control of a maize gamma-Zein promoter. Three Pina/Pinb expression positive transgenic lines were evaluated over two growing seasons. Textural analysis of the maize seeds indicated that the expression of PINs decreased adhesion between starch and protein matrix and reduced maize grain hardness significantly. Reduction in pressure required to fracture kernels ranged from 15.65% to 36.86% compared with control seeds. Further, the PINs transgenic maize seeds had increased levels of extractable starch as characterized by a small scale wet milling method. Starch yield was increased by 4.86% on average without negatively impacting starch purity. The development of softer maize hybrids with higher starch extractability would be of value to maize processors. C1 [Zhang, Jinrui; Martin, John M.; Giroux, Michael J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Beecher, Brian; Morris, Craig F.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hannah, L. Curtis] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Giroux, MJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM mgiroux@montana.edu FU Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research; Dow AgroSciences; USDA-ARS National Research Initiative Competitive [2004-35301-14538, 2007-35301-18135]; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station; National Science Foundation [IBN-0444031, IOS-0815104]; USDA Competitive Grants Program [2006-35100-17220, 2008-35318-18649] FX This work was supported by the Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research, Dow AgroSciences, USDA-ARS National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program 2004-35301-14538, 2007-35301-18135 and by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Research at the University of Florida is supported by the National Science Foundation, IBN-0444031 and IOS-0815104 and the USDA Competitive Grants Program 2006-35100-17220 and 2008-35318-18649. We would like to extend appreciation to Dr. Recep Avci of the Imaging and Chemical Analysis Laboratory at Montana State University for the use of SEM/FE-SEM instrumentation. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 7 IS 8 BP 733 EP 743 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00438.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 499MY UT WOS:000270226400002 PM 19702647 ER PT J AU Clement, SL McPhee, KE Elberson, LR Evans, MA AF Clement, S. L. McPhee, K. E. Elberson, L. R. Evans, M. A. TI Pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), resistance in Pisum sativumxPisum fulvum interspecific crosses SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Pisum interspecific hybridization; Wild peas; Pisum fulvum; insect resistance; bruchids; host-plant resistance ID BEETLE CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS; ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITOR; SEED RESISTANCE; POD-WALL; WILD; IDENTIFICATION; ACCESSIONS; DEFENSES; EVALUATE; FABR AB The pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum (L.), is one of the most intractable pest problems of cultivated pea, Pisum sativum L., in the world. This study investigated the transfer of pea weevil resistance from two accessions (PI 595946, PI 343955) of wild pea, Pisum fulvum Sibth. & Sm., to interspecific populations derived from crossing these accessions with a weevil-susceptible pea cultivar ('Alaska 81'). Partial life tables characterized weevil stage-specific mortality and survivorship on parents and interspecific progeny in two glasshouse trials. Larval mortality rates on pods (F(3) plants) of several F(2:3) families were between 36.0% and 52.9%. These means were statistically similar to mean mortality rates on pods of resistant parents (45.4% and 46.2%), but significantly greater than mean rates on the susceptible parent (1.2% and 10.6%). Pod surface characteristics contributed to high neonate larval mortality on pods of resistant parents and interspecific progeny. Seed resistance was not broadly transferred to interspecific progeny [revealed by high weevil survivorship in seeds (means mostly > 80%) and high seed damage ratings of 3-5 where ratings of 1-2 denote resistance (production of resistant seed averaged 4.2% to 22.8%)]. Estimates of total weevil mortality on pods and seeds of eight F(2:3) families were 50-70%. Thus, weevil resistance in the Pisum secondary gene pool can be transferred to interspecific progeny, thereby providing a potential avenue to develop weevil-resistant pea cultivars. C1 [Clement, S. L.; Elberson, L. R.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Germplasm Introduct & Testing Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [McPhee, K. E.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS Grain Legume Genet Physiol Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Evans, M. A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Clement, SL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Germplasm Introduct & Testing Res Unit, 59 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM slclement@wsu.edu FU USDA-FAS-ICD-RSED program [AS37] FX The first author is grateful to Fred Muehlbauer for instruction in crossing Pisum spp. We acknowledge Erin Myrick, Ma'Lady Kynaston, Deb Pehrson, and Wayne Schull for assisting with the execution of the research, Henry Moore for photographic assistance, and Oonagh Byrne for providing a pre-publication copy of her pea weevil manuscript. This research was supported in part by a grant from the USDA-FAS-ICD-RSED program (AS37) to SLC. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply its approval over other suitable products. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 128 IS 5 BP 478 EP 485 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01603.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 503QB UT WOS:000270551900008 ER PT J AU Pokou, ND N'Goran, JAK Lachenaud, P Eskes, AB Montamayor, JC Schnell, R Kolesnikova-Allen, M Clement, D Sangare, A AF Pokou, N. D. N'Goran, J. A. K. Lachenaud, Ph. Eskes, A. B. Montamayor, J. C. Schnell, R. Kolesnikova-Allen, M. Clement, D. Sangare, A. TI Recurrent selection of cocoa populations in Cote d'Ivoire: comparative genetic diversity between the first and second cycles SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE cocoa; genetic diversity; Lower Amazon; Upper Amazon; selection; Trinitario ID THEOBROMA-CACAO L; RFLP AB In Cote d'Ivoire, the cocoa breeding programme has been based on the creation of hybrids between different genetic groups. From 1990 onward, a reciprocal recurrent selection programme has been set up with the purpose of improving simultaneously the characteristics of the two main genetic groups: Upper Amazon Forastero (UA) and a mixture of Lower Amazon Forastero (LA) and Trinitario (T). Based on data obtained from 12 microsatellite primers, the genetic diversity and genetic distances of the parental populations used in the first and second selection cycles are presented. The results revealed that the diversity of populations UA0 and UA1 on the one hand and (LA+T)0 and (LA+T)1 on the other is similar. The genetic distances were small between the parental populations used for the first and second cycles. Genetic diversity was greater in the UA group than in the LA+T group. The number of rare and of private alleles was reduced for both genetic groups, as well as the number of the frequent alleles in the LA+T group. C1 [Pokou, N. D.; N'Goran, J. A. K.; Sangare, A.] CNRA, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. [Lachenaud, Ph.] Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, CIRAD Bios, UPR Bioagresseurs Perennes, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Eskes, A. B.] INIBAP, Biodivers Int CIRAD, F-34397 Montpellier 5, France. [Montamayor, J. C.; Schnell, R.] USDA ARS, Miami, FL USA. [Kolesnikova-Allen, M.] IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Clement, D.] CEPLAC CEPEC SEGEN, BR-45600000 Itabuna, BA, Brazil. RP Pokou, ND (reprint author), CNRA, 01 BP 1740, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. EM pokoudesire@yahoo.fr NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 128 IS 5 BP 514 EP 520 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01582.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 503QB UT WOS:000270551900013 ER PT J AU Vrebalov, J Pan, IL Arroyo, AJM McQuinn, R Chung, M Poole, M Rose, JKC Seymour, G Grandillo, S Giovannoni, J Irish, VF AF Vrebalov, Julia Pan, Irvin L. Arroyo, Antonio Javier Matas McQuinn, Ryan Chung, MiYoung Poole, Mervin Rose, Jocelyn K. C. Seymour, Graham Grandillo, Silvana Giovannoni, James Irish, Vivian F. TI Fleshy Fruit Expansion and Ripening Are Regulated by the Tomato SHATTERPROOF Gene TAGL1 SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID MADS-BOX GENE; ANTISENSE RNA; POLYGALACTURONASE GENE; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSGENIC TOMATOES; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; AGAMOUS SUBFAMILY; OVULE DEVELOPMENT; EXPRESSION AB The maturation and ripening of fleshy fruits is a developmental program that synchronizes seed maturation with metabolism, rendering fruit tissues desirable to seed dispersing organisms. Through RNA interference repression, we show that Tomato AGAMOUS-LIKE1 (TAGL1), the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ortholog of the duplicated SHATTERPROOF (SHP) MADS box genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, is necessary for fruit ripening. Tomato plants with reduced TAGL1 mRNA produced yellow-orange fruit with reduced carotenoids and thin pericarps. These fruit are also decreased in ethylene, indicating a comprehensive inhibition of maturation mediated through reduced ACC Synthase 2 expression. Furthermore, ectopic expression of TAGL1 in tomato resulted in expansion of sepals and accumulation of lycopene, supporting the role of TAGL1 in ripening. In Arabidopsis, the duplicate SHP1 and SHP2 MADS box genes regulate the development of separation layers essential for pod shatter. Expression of TAGL1 in Arabidopsis failed to completely rescue the shp1 shp2 mutant phenotypes, indicating that TAGL1 has evolved distinct molecular functions compared with its Arabidopsis counterparts. These analyses demonstrate that TAGL1 plays an important role in regulating both fleshy fruit expansion and the ripening process that together are necessary to promote seed dispersal of fleshy fruit. From this broad perspective, SHP1/2 and TAGL1, while distinct in molecular function, regulate similar activities via their necessity for seed dispersal in Arabidopsis and tomato, respectively. C1 [Vrebalov, Julia; McQuinn, Ryan; Chung, MiYoung; Giovannoni, James] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pan, Irvin L.; Irish, Vivian F.] Yale Univ, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Arroyo, Antonio Javier Matas; Rose, Jocelyn K. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McQuinn, Ryan; Giovannoni, James] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Poole, Mervin; Seymour, Graham] Univ Nottingham, Div Plant Sci, Loughborough LE12 5RD, Leics, England. [Grandillo, Silvana] CNR, Inst Genet Vegetale, I-80055 Naples, Italy. [Irish, Vivian F.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Giovannoni, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jjg33@cornell.edu; vivian.irish@yale.edu RI Matas Arroyo, Antonio Javier/A-9325-2008; Seymour, Graham/N-4539-2014; OI Matas Arroyo, Antonio Javier/0000-0003-4348-3930; Seymour, Graham/0000-0001-8365-4947 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation Plant Genome [05-01778, 06-06595]; United States-Israel Binational Agriculture Research and Development Fund [IS-3803-05]; USDA-National Research Initiative [2007-02773, 2006-35304-17323]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0411960] FX We acknowledge the Tomato Genetics Resource Center at UC Davis for kindly providing tomato seed. This work was supported by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Science Foundation Plant Genome Grants 05-01778 and 06-06595, United States-Israel Binational Agriculture Research and Development Fund Grant IS-3803-05, USDA-National Research Initiative Grants 2007-02773 and 2006-35304-17323, and National Science Foundation Grant DBI-0411960. NR 77 TC 152 Z9 172 U1 6 U2 53 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD OCT PY 2009 VL 21 IS 10 BP 3041 EP 3062 DI 10.1105/tpc.109.066936 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 525XW UT WOS:000272252100007 PM 19880793 ER PT J AU Xi, L Moscou, MJ Meng, Y Xu, WH Caldo, RA Shaver, M Nettleton, D Wise, RP AF Xi, Liu Moscou, Matthew J. Meng, Yan Xu, Weihui Caldo, Rico A. Shaver, Miranda Nettleton, Dan Wise, Roger P. TI Transcript-Based Cloning of RRP46, a Regulator of rRNA Processing and R Gene-Independent Cell Death in Barley-Powdery Mildew Interactions SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID F-SP HORDEI; ML-A LOCUS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LEAF SENESCENCE; DEFENSE RESPONSE; PLANT DEFENSE; BASAL DEFENSE; MOSAIC-VIRUS AB Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a pivotal role in plant development and defense. To investigate the interaction between PCD and R gene-mediated defense, we used the 22K Barley1 GeneChip to compare and contrast time-course expression profiles of Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei (Bgh) challenged barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivar C. I. 16151 (harboring the Mla6 powdery mildew resistance allele) and its fast neutron-derived Bgh-induced tip cell death1 mutant, bcd1. Mixed linear model analysis identified genes associated with the cell death phenotype as opposed to R gene-mediated resistance. One-hundred fifty genes were found at the threshold P value < 0.0001 and a false discovery rate < 0.6%. Of these, 124 were constitutively overexpressed in the bcd1 mutant. Gene Ontology and rice (Oryza sativa) alignment-based annotation indicated that 68 of the 124 overexpressed genes encode ribosomal proteins. A deletion harboring six genes on chromosome 5H cosegregates with bcd1-specified cell death and is associated with misprocessing of rRNAs but segregates independent of R gene-mediated resistance. Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing of one of the six deleted genes, RRP46 (rRNA-processing protein 46), phenocopied bcd1-mediated tip cell death. These findings suggest that RRP46, a critical component of the exosome core, mediates RNA processing and degradation involved in cell death initiation as a result of attempted penetration by Bgh during the barley-powdery mildew interaction but is independent of gene-for-gene resistance. C1 [Xi, Liu; Moscou, Matthew J.; Meng, Yan; Xu, Weihui; Caldo, Rico A.; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Xi, Liu; Moscou, Matthew J.; Meng, Yan; Xu, Weihui; Caldo, Rico A.; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Shaver, Miranda; Wise, Roger P.] NIH, Natl Sci Fdn, Bioinformat & Computat Syst Biol Summer Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nettleton, Dan] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpwise@iastate.edu RI Moscou, Matthew/D-5266-2011 OI Moscou, Matthew/0000-0003-2098-6818 FU USDA Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems [2001-52100-11346]; NIH-NSF Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology Summer Institute [06-08769]; National Science Foundation Plant Genome [05-00461] FX The authors thank Liz Miller for technical assistance during the mutant isolation, and Greg Fuerst for excellent technical assistance throughout the project. This research was supported by the USDA Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems Grant 2001-52100-11346, NIH-NSF Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology Summer Institute grant 06-08769, and National Science Foundation Plant Genome grant 05-00461. This article is a joint contribution of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station and the Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 66 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD OCT PY 2009 VL 21 IS 10 BP 3280 EP 3295 DI 10.1105/tpc.109.066167 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 525XW UT WOS:000272252100023 PM 19861556 ER PT J AU Zhang, YJ Meinzer, FC Hao, GY Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Takahashi, FSC Villalobos-Vega, R Giraldo, JP Cao, KF Hoffmann, WA Goldstein, G AF Zhang, Yong-Jiang Meinzer, Frederick C. Hao, Guang-You Scholz, Fabian G. Bucci, Sandra J. Takahashi, Frederico S. C. Villalobos-Vega, Randol Giraldo, Juan P. Cao, Kun-Fang Hoffmann, William A. Goldstein, Guillermo TI Size-dependent mortality in a Neotropical savanna tree: the role of height-related adjustments in hydraulic architecture and carbon allocation SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon balance; hydraulic conductivity; population dynamics; tree dieback; xylem cavitation ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER RELATIONS; PINUS-SYLVESTRIS; DROUGHT STRESS; GAS-EXCHANGE; WOODY-PLANTS; TALL CONIFER; LEAF; XYLEM; DIEBACK AB Size-related changes in hydraulic architecture, carbon allocation and gas exchange of Sclerolobium paniculatum (Leguminosae), a dominant tree species in Neotropical savannas of central Brazil (Cerrado), were investigated to assess their potential role in the dieback of tall individuals. Trees greater than similar to 6-m-tall exhibited more branch damage, larger numbers of dead individuals, higher wood density, greater leaf mass per area, lower leaf area to sapwood area ratio (LA/SA), lower stomatal conductance and lower net CO(2) assimilation than small trees. Stem-specific hydraulic conductivity decreased, while leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity remained nearly constant, with increasing tree size because of lower LA/SA in larger trees. Leaves were substantially more vulnerable to embolism than stems. Large trees had lower maximum leaf hydraulic conductance (K(leaf)) than small trees and all tree sizes exhibited lower K(leaf) at midday than at dawn. These size-related adjustments in hydraulic architecture and carbon allocation apparently incurred a large physiological cost: large trees received a lower return in carbon gain from their investment in stem and leaf biomass compared with small trees. Additionally, large trees may experience more severe water deficits in dry years due to lower capacity for buffering the effects of hydraulic path-length and soil water deficits. C1 [Meinzer, Frederick C.] USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zhang, Yong-Jiang; Hao, Guang-You; Cao, Kun-Fang] Chinese Acad Sci, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Key Lab Trop Forest Ecol, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yong-Jiang; Hao, Guang-You; Villalobos-Vega, Randol; Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Zhang, Yong-Jiang; Hao, Guang-You] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.] Univ Nacl Patagonia, CONICET, San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivada, Argentina. [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.] Univ Nacl Patagonia, Dept Biol, Lab Ecol Func, San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivada, Argentina. [Takahashi, Frederico S. C.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Ecol, BR-70904970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Giraldo, Juan P.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hoffmann, William A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Lab Ecol Func, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Meinzer, FC (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rick.meinzer@oregonstate.edu RI Cao, Kun-Fang/D-2157-2009; Hoffmann, William/E-8894-2010; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Cao, Kun-Fang/0000-0002-2253-7189; Hoffmann, William/0000-0002-1926-823X; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 FU National Science Foundation (USA) [0296174, 0322051] FX We thank the Reserva Ecologica do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) for logistic support. We also thank Eric Manzane for help with field work, as well as David Janos, Catalina Aristizabal, Tania Wyss, Sarah Garamzegi and Xin Wang for helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by National Science Foundation (USA) grants # 0296174 and # 0322051. This work complies with Brazilian law. NR 66 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1456 EP 1466 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02012.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 491PV UT WOS:000269592300015 PM 19558407 ER PT J AU Mengistu, A Castlebury, L Smith, R Ray, J Bellaloui, N AF Mengistu, Alemu Castlebury, Lisa Smith, Rusty Ray, Jeff Bellaloui, Nacer TI Seasonal Progress of Phomopsis longicolla Infection on Soybean Plant Parts and Its Relationship to Seed Quality SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DECAY; FUNGI; YIELD; DATE; GERMINATION; IRRIGATION; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; MATURITY; ILLINOIS AB Phomopsis longicolla is a major seed pathogen of soybean (Glycine max) in hot, humid environments. The objective of this study was to monitor the infection and development of P. longicolla on vegetative and reproductive tissues of six cultivars and to determine the relationship between this infection and subsequent seed infection and seed germination. Cultivars were grown for 3 years (2002 to 2004) without irrigation or with irrigation applied at pre- plus post-flowering or at postflowering growth stages. P longicolla was isolated most frequently from leaf, stem, pod, root, and seed. Diaporthe phaseolorum and three unidentified Phomopsis sp. were also isolated. Diaporthe aspalathi, which previously has not been reported on soybean, was also recovered from leaf samples. These isolates, however, were recovered very infrequently. Recovery of P longicolla from roots was much lower than from leaves, stems, and pods in all years and irrigation environments. The recovery of P. longicolla from seed was affected by irrigation environments. Seed from irrigated plots had more P. longicolla than that from nonirrigated plots. Isolation of P. longicolla from seed was negatively correlated with percentage of seed germination in irrigated environments but not in the nonirrigated environment. Pod infection was correlated with seed infection in all three irrigation environments. Even though infection of leaves and stems increased with increasing moisture availability, such infection did not consistently correlate with seed infection. Seed germination and seed infection were negatively correlated with percent hard seed. This study provided the first demonstration of the seasonal progression of P. longicolla on soybean cultivars grown under three irrigation environments. C1 [Mengistu, Alemu] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Castlebury, Lisa] ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, Rusty; Ray, Jeff; Bellaloui, Nacer] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mengistu, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM amengistu@ars.usda.gov FU Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board FX We thank Debbie Boykin, USDA statistician, for her assistance with data analysis. We also thank the Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board for providing funding to support this study. In addition, we thank Larry Heatherly, a retired agronomist of the USDA, Stoneville, MS for his support in conducting the field planning and irrigation, and Avis Clark and Sandra Mosley for their assistance in laboratory and field tests. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1009 EP 1018 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-10-1009 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 499ZS UT WOS:000270266400006 ER PT J AU McKenzie, CL Shatters, RG AF McKenzie, C. L. Shatters, R. G., Jr. TI First Report of "Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous" Associated with Psyllid Yellows of Tomato in Colorado. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [McKenzie, C. L.; Shatters, R. G., Jr.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP McKenzie, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1074 EP 1074 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-10-1074A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 499ZS UT WOS:000270266400017 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Verhoeven, JTJ Singh, RP Brown, JK AF Ling, K. -S. Verhoeven, J. Th. J. Singh, R. P. Brown, J. K. TI First Report of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid in Greenhouse Tomatoes in Arizona. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Ling, K. -S.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Verhoeven, J. Th. J.] Plant Protect Serv, NL-6700 HC Wageningen, Netherlands. [Singh, R. P.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Potato Res Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7, Canada. [Brown, J. K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1075 EP 1075 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-10-1075B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 499ZS UT WOS:000270266400021 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Sengoda, VG Crosslin, JM Garzon-Tiznado, JA Cardenas-Valenzuela, OG AF Munyaneza, J. E. Sengoda, V. G. Crosslin, J. M. Garzon-Tiznado, J. A. Cardenas-Valenzuela, O. G. TI First Report of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" in Pepper Plants in Mexico. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID ZEBRA CHIP; POTATO; DISEASE C1 [Munyaneza, J. E.; Sengoda, V. G.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Garzon-Tiznado, J. A.; Cardenas-Valenzuela, O. G.] UAS, FCQB, Programa Reg Noroeste Biotecnol, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1076 EP 1076 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-10-1076B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 499ZS UT WOS:000270266400023 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Sengoda, VG Crosslin, JM Garzon-Tiznado, JA Cardenas-Valenzuela, OG AF Munyaneza, J. E. Sengoda, V. G. Crosslin, J. M. Garzon-Tiznado, J. A. Cardenas-Valenzuela, O. G. TI First Report of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" in Tomato Plants in Mexico. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID ZEBRA CHIP; DISEASE C1 [Munyaneza, J. E.; Sengoda, V. G.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Crosslin, J. M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Garzon-Tiznado, J. A.; Cardenas-Valenzuela, O. G.] UAS, FCQB, Programa Reg Noroeste Biotecnol, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 4 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1076 EP 1076 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-10-1076A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 499ZS UT WOS:000270266400022 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Dreaden, TJ Mayfield, AE Boone, A Fraedrich, SW Bates, C AF Smith, J. A. Dreaden, T. J. Mayfield, A. E., III Boone, A. Fraedrich, S. W. Bates, C. TI First Report of Laurel Wilt Disease Caused by Raffaelea lauricola on Sassafras in Florida and South Carolina SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID LAURACEAE; SYMBIONT C1 [Smith, J. A.; Dreaden, T. J.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mayfield, A. E., III] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Forestry, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Boone, A.] Dendrodiagnotsics, Chapin, SC 29036 USA. [Fraedrich, S. W.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bates, C.] Georgia Forestry Commiss, Statesboro, GA 30461 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1079 EP 1079 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-10-1079B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 499ZS UT WOS:000270266400031 ER PT J AU Kronmiller, BA Wise, RP AF Kronmiller, Brent A. Wise, Roger P. TI Computational Finishing of Large Sequence Contigs Reveals Interspersed Nested Repeats and Gene Islands in the rf1-Associated Region of Maize SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME SIZE VARIATION; T-CYTOPLASM MAIZE; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; INTERGENE RETROTRANSPOSONS; PLANT GENOMES; DNA; RICE; TOOLS; AMPLIFICATION; EVOLUTION AB The architecture of grass genomes varies on multiple levels. Large long terminal repeat retrotransposon clusters occupy significant portions of the intergenic regions, and islands of protein-encoding genes are interspersed among the repeat clusters. Hence, advanced assembly techniques are required to obtain completely finished genomes as well as to investigate gene and transposable element distributions. To characterize the organization and distribution of repeat clusters and gene islands across large grass genomes, we present 961- and 594-kb contiguous sequence contigs associated with the rf1 (for restorer of fertility1) locus in the near-centromeric region of maize (Zea mays) chromosome 3. We present two methods for computational finishing of highly repetitive bacterial artificial chromosome clones that have proved successful to close all sequence gaps caused by transposable element insertions. Sixteen repeat clusters were observed, ranging in length from 23 to 155 kb. These repeat clusters are almost exclusively long terminal repeat retrotransposons, of which the paleontology of insertion varies throughout the cluster. Gene islands contain from one to four predicted genes, resulting in a gene density of one gene per 16 kb in gene islands and one gene per 111 kb over the entire sequenced region. The two sequence contigs, when compared with the rice (Oryza sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genomes, retain gene colinearity of 50% and 71%, respectively, and 70% and 100%, respectively, for high-confidence gene models. Collinear genes on single gene islands show that while most expansion of the maize genome has occurred in the repeat clusters, gene islands are not immune and have experienced growth in both intragene and intergene locations. C1 [Kronmiller, Brent A.; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kronmiller, Brent A.; Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Responses Environm Stresses, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpwise@iastate.edu FU U. S. Department of Agriculture-National Research Initiative [2002-35301-12064] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Agriculture-National Research Initiative (grant no. 2002-35301-12064). NR 62 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 151 IS 2 BP 483 EP 495 DI 10.1104/pp.109.143370 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 501NV UT WOS:000270389500001 PM 19675151 ER PT J AU Zhou, X Yuan, YX Yang, Y Rutzke, M Thannhauser, TW Kochian, LV Li, L AF Zhou, Xin Yuan, Youxi Yang, Yong Rutzke, Michael Thannhauser, Theodore W. Kochian, Leon V. Li, Li TI Involvement of a Broccoli COQ5 Methyltransferase in the Production of Volatile Selenium Compounds SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDIAN MUSTARD; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SELENOCYSTEINE METHYLTRANSFERASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; UBIQUINONE BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; C-METHYLTRANSFERASE; COENZYME-Q; SE-METHYLSELENOCYSTEINE; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans but becomes toxic at high dosage. Biologically based Se volatilization, which converts Se into volatile compounds, provides an important means for cleanup of Se-polluted environments. To identify novel genes whose products are involved in Se volatilization from plants, a broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italica) cDNA encoding COQ5 methyltransferase (BoCOQ5-2) in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway was isolated. Its function was authenticated by complementing a yeast coq5 mutant and by detecting increased cellular ubiquinone levels in the BoCOQ5-2-transformed bacteria. BoCOQ5-2 was found to promote Se volatilization in both bacteria and transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. Bacteria expressing BoCOQ5-2 produced an over 160-fold increase in volatile Se compounds when they were exposed to selenate. Consequently, the BoCOQ5-2-transformed bacteria had dramatically enhanced tolerance to selenate and a reduced level of Se accumulation. Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing BoCOQ5-2 volatilized three times more Se than the vector-only control plants when treated with selenite and exhibited an increased tolerance to Se. In addition, the BoCOQ5-2 transgenic plants suppressed the generation of reactive oxygen species induced by selenite. BoCOQ5-2 represents, to our knowledge, the first plant enzyme that is not known to be directly involved in sulfur/Se metabolism yet was found to mediate Se volatilization. This discovery opens up new prospects regarding our understanding of the complete metabolism of Se and may lead to ways to modify Se-accumulator plants with increased efficiency for phytoremediation of Se-contaminated environments. C1 [Zhou, Xin; Yuan, Youxi; Yang, Yong; Rutzke, Michael; Thannhauser, Theodore W.; Kochian, Leon V.; Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zhou, Xin; Yuan, Youxi; Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM LL37@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 56 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 151 IS 2 BP 528 EP 540 DI 10.1104/pp.109.142521 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 501NV UT WOS:000270389500005 PM 19656903 ER PT J AU Marchive, C Yehudai-Resheff, S Germain, A Fei, ZJ Jiang, XS Judkins, J Wu, H Fernie, AR Fait, A Stern, DB AF Marchive, Chloe Yehudai-Resheff, Shlomit Germain, Arnaud Fei, Zhangjun Jiang, Xingshan Judkins, Joshua Wu, Hong Fernie, Alisdair R. Fait, Aaron Stern, David B. TI Abnormal Physiological and Molecular Mutant Phenotypes Link Chloroplast Polynucleotide Phosphorylase to the Phosphorus Deprivation Response in Arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; METHYLERYTHRITOL PHOSPHATE-PATHWAY; RNA-BINDING PROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; ER-BODY; STARVATION RESPONSES; POLY(A) POLYMERASE; ROOT ARCHITECTURE; ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB A prominent enzyme in organellar RNA metabolism is the exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase), whose reversible activity is governed by the nucleotide diphosphate-inorganic phosphate ratio. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, PNPase regulates chloroplast transcript accumulation in response to phosphorus (P) starvation, and PNPase expression is repressed by the response regulator PSR1 (for PHOSPHORUS STARVATION RESPONSE1) under these conditions. Here, we investigated the role of PNPase in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) P deprivation response by comparing wild-type and pnp mutant plants with respect to their morphology, metabolite profiles, and transcriptomes. We found that P-deprived pnp mutants develop aborted clusters of lateral roots, which are characterized by decreased auxin responsiveness and cell division, and exhibit cell death at the root tips. Electron microscopy revealed that the collapse of root organelles is enhanced in the pnp mutant under P deprivation and occurred with low frequency under P-replete conditions. Global analyses of metabolites and transcripts were carried out to understand the molecular bases of these altered P deprivation responses. We found that the pnp mutant expresses some elements of the deprivation response even when grown on a full nutrient medium, including altered transcript accumulation, although its total and inorganic P contents are not reduced. The pnp mutation also confers P status-independent responses, including but not limited to stress responses. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that the activity of the chloroplast PNPase is involved in plant acclimation to P availability and that it may help maintain an appropriate balance of P metabolites even under normal growth conditions. C1 [Marchive, Chloe; Yehudai-Resheff, Shlomit; Germain, Arnaud; Judkins, Joshua; Stern, David B.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jiang, Xingshan; Wu, Hong] S China Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Fernie, Alisdair R.; Fait, Aaron] Max Planck Inst Mol Pflanzenphysiol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. RP Stern, DB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ds28@cornell.edu FU Triad Foundation; Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [IS-4152-08]; National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates fellowship; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Max Planck Society; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30670119] FX This work was supported by the Triad Foundation, the Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (project no. IS-4152-08), and a National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates fellowship (to J. J.), by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Max Planck Society (to A. F. and A. R. F.), and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 30670119). NR 83 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 151 IS 2 BP 905 EP 924 DI 10.1104/pp.109.145144 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 501NV UT WOS:000270389500034 PM 19710229 ER PT J AU Gidda, SK Shockey, JM Rothstein, SJ Dyer, JM Mullen, RT AF Gidda, Satinder K. Shockey, Jay M. Rothstein, Steven J. Dyer, John M. Mullen, Robert T. TI Arabidopsis thaliana GPAT8 and GPAT9 are localized to the ER and possess distinct ER retrieval signals: Functional divergence of the dilysine ER retrieval motif in plant cells SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; Dilysine motif; Endoplasmic reticulum; Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; Lipids; Localization; Retrieval signal ID ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM LOCALIZATION; FATTY-ACID DESATURASES; I MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS; SN-GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE ACYLTRANSFERASE; GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE ACYLTRANSFERASE; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; GOLGI-APPARATUS; ACTIVE-SITE AB Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT; EC 2.3.1.15) catalyzes the committed step in the production of glycerolipids, which are major components of cellular membranes, seed storage oils, and epicuticular wax coatings. While the biochemical activities of GPATs have been characterized in detail, the cellular features of these enzymes are only beginning to emerge. Here we characterized the phylogenetic relationships and cellular properties of two GPAT enzymes from the relatively large Arabidopsis thaliana GPAT family, including GPAT8, which is involved in cutin biosynthesis, and GPAT9, which is a new putative GPAT that has extensive homology with a GPAT from mammalian cells involved in storage oil formation and, thus, may have a similar role in plants. Immunofluorescence microscopy of transiently-expressed myc-epitope-tagged GPAT8 and GPAT9 revealed that both proteins were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and differential permeabilization experiments indicated that their N- and C-termini were oriented towards the cytosol. However, these two proteins contained distinct types of ER retrieval signals, with GPAT8 possessing a divergent type of dilysine motif (-KK-COOH rather than the prototypic -KKXX-COOH or -KXKXX-COOH motif) and GPAT9 possessing a hydrophobic pentapeptide motif (-phi-X-X-K/R/D/E-phi-; where phi are large hydrophobic amino acid residues). Notably, the divergent dilysine motif in GPAT8 only functioned effectively when additional upstream residues were included to provide the proper protein context. Extensive mutational analyses of the divergent dilysine motif, based upon sequences present in the C-termini of other GPAT8s from various plant species, further expanded the functional definition of this molecular targeting signal, thereby providing insight to the targeting signals in other GPAT family members as well as other ER-resident membrane proteins within plant cells. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Dyer, John M.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Gidda, Satinder K.; Rothstein, Steven J.; Mullen, Robert T.] Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Shockey, Jay M.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Dyer, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM john.dyer@ars.usda.gov; rtmullen@uoguelph.ca RI Rothstein, Steven/A-4947-2013; OI Rothstein, Steven/0000-0003-0737-1878; Shockey, Jay/0000-0002-5057-5457 FU United States Department of Agriculture; Current Research Information System (CRIS) [5347-21410-005-00D, 5347-21000-009-00D, 6435-41000-087-00D]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) [217291]; Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund [046061] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Current Research Information System (CRIS) project numbers 5347-21410-005-00D and 5347-21000-009-00D to JMD, CRIS project no. 6435-41000-087-00D to JMS, and a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) (grant no. 217291) to RTM. Financial support for SKG was provided by funds from the Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund (Ontario Center for Agriculture Genomics) (grant no. 046061) to SJR. We gratefully thank Dr. Daphne Goring (University of Toronto) for assistance with the electronic expression profiling of the GPAT family and Dr. Daiyuan Zhang (United States Department of Agriculture) for her comments during the writing of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 47 IS 10 BP 867 EP 879 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.05.008 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 491NS UT WOS:000269586400002 PM 19539490 ER PT J AU Raboy, V AF Raboy, Victor TI Approaches and challenges to engineering seed phytate and total phosphorus SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Phytic acid; Seed phosphorus; Phytase; Plant stress response; Metabolic integration; Inositol phosphates ID RAFFINOSE FAMILY OLIGOSACCHARIDES; PHYTIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SOYBEAN SEEDS; PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTERS; WILD-TYPE; MYO-INOSITOL-1-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; ASCORBATE BIOSYNTHESIS; GALACTOSYL CYCLITOLS AB About 75% of seed total phosphorus (P) is found in a single compound, phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate or InsP(6)). Phytic acid is not efficiently utilized by monogastric animals (poultry, swine, fish), which creates phosphorus management and environmental impact problems in animal production. Phytic acid also functions as an antinutrient when consumed in human and animal diets. These problems can be addressed via feed or food supplementation with P and other minerals or phytase, or more efficiently and sustainably at their source by crop breeding or bioengineering of low-phytic acid/high-available P crops. However, since phytic acid and its synthetic pathways are central to a number of metabolic, developmental and signaling pathways important to plant function and productivity, low-phytate can translate into low-yield or stress susceptibility. The biological functions of phytic acid and identification of genetic resources and strategies useful in engineering high-yielding, stress-tolerant low-phytate germplasm will be reviewed here. One promising approach that can avoid undesirable outcomes due to impacts on phytic acid metabolism is to engineer "high-phytase" seeds. In contrast to the issue of seed phytic acid, there has been relatively little interest in seed total P as a trait of agricultural importance. However, seed total P is very important to the long-term goal of sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural production. Certain low-phytate genotypes are also "low-total P", which might represent the ideal seed P trait for nearly all end-uses, including uses in ruminant and non-ruminant feeds and in biofuels production. Future research directions will include screening for additional genetic resources such as seed total P mutants. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd C1 USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Raboy, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 South,2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM victor.raboy@ars.usda.gov NR 149 TC 105 Z9 112 U1 6 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 177 IS 4 BP 281 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.06.012 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 484IU UT WOS:000269038700007 ER PT J AU Sperotto, RA Ricachenevsky, FK Duarte, GL Boff, T Lopes, KL Sperb, ER Grusak, MA Fett, JP AF Sperotto, Raul A. Ricachenevsky, Felipe K. Duarte, Guilherme L. Boff, Tatiana Lopes, Karina L. Sperb, Edilena R. Grusak, Michael A. Fett, Janette Palma TI Identification of up-regulated genes in flag leaves during rice grain filling and characterization of OsNAC5, a new ABA-dependent transcription factor SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ABA-responsive; Correlation analyses; Flag leaves; Grain filling; Metal mobilization; Senescence; Suppression subtractive hybridization ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; LEAF SENESCENCE; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; TRANSGENIC RICE; IRON-DEFICIENCY; NITROGEN REMOBILIZATION; HEXOSE TRANSPORTERS AB Rice is a poor source of micronutrients such as iron and zinc. To help clarify the molecular mechanisms that regulate metal mobilization from leaves to developing seeds, we conducted suppression subtractive hybridization analysis in flag leaves of two rice cultivars. Flag leaves are the major source of remobilized metals for developing seeds. We isolated 78 sequences up-regulated in flag leaves at the grain filling stage relative to the panicle exertion stage. Differential expression of selected genes (encoding 7 transport proteins, the OsNAS3 enzyme and the OsNAC5 transcription factor) was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. We show that OsNAC5 expression is up-regulated by natural (aging) and induced senescence processes (dark, ABA application, high salinity, cold and Fe-deficiency) and its expression is not affected in the presence of 6-benzylaminopurine (a senescence inhibitor) under dark-induced senescence. Salt induction of OsNAC5 expression is abolished by nicotinamide, an inhibitor of ABA effects. This result and the presence of cis-acting elements in the promoter region of the OsNAC5 gene suggest an ABA-dependent regulation. Using four different rice cultivars, we show that OsNAC5 up-regulation is higher and earlier in flag leaves and panicles of IR75862 plants, which have higher seed concentrations of Fe, Zn and protein. We suggest that OsNAC5 is a novel senescence-associated ABA-dependent NAC transcription factor and its function could be related to Fe, Zn and amino acids remobilization from green tissues to seeds. C1 [Lopes, Karina L.; Sperb, Edilena R.; Fett, Janette Palma] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Bot, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Sperotto, Raul A.; Ricachenevsky, Felipe K.; Duarte, Guilherme L.; Boff, Tatiana; Fett, Janette Palma] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Ctr Biotecnol, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Grusak, Michael A.] USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Fett, JP (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Bot, POB 15005, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM jpfett@cbiot.ufrgs.br RI Fett, Janette/C-4949-2013; Ricachenevsky, Felipe/E-2386-2013 OI Fett, Janette/0000-0002-2525-9807; Ricachenevsky, Felipe/0000-0001-5429-3759 FU HarvestPlus [6005-05]; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); USDA-ARS [58-6250-6-003] FX This research was supported by HarvestPlus (Agreement number 6005-05), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) and Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) to JPF, and by the USDA-ARS under Agreement number 58-6250-6-003 to MAG. The authors thank Instituto Rio-Grandense do Arroz (IRGA) for technical support. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 88 TC 81 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2009 VL 230 IS 5 BP 985 EP 1002 DI 10.1007/s00425-009-1000-9 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 498ZZ UT WOS:000270187000011 PM 19697058 ER PT J AU Lafta, AM Fugate, KK AF Lafta, Abbas M. Fugate, Karen Klotz TI Dehydration accelerates respiration in postharvest sugarbeet roots SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acid invertase; Alkaline invertase; Beta vulgaris; Electrolyte leakage; Storage; Sucrose synthase ID SUCROSE-SYNTHASE; WATER-STRESS; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; DROUGHT STRESS; STORAGE; ACCUMULATION; EXPRESSION; DESICCATION; ARABIDOPSIS AB Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots lose water during storage and often become severely dehydrated after prolonged storage and at the outer regions of storage piles which have greater wind and sun exposure. Sucrose loss is known to be elevated in dehydrated roots, although the metabolic processes responsible for this loss are unknown. To identify processes that contribute to sucrose loss in dehydrated roots, respiration rate, cellular electrolyte leakage, and sucrolytic enzyme activities were determined in roots of two varieties (VDH 66156 and Beta 4797R) during 4 weeks of 10 degrees C storage at high (85%) and low (40%) relative humidities. Roots stored at 40% relative humidity dehydrated significantly and lost almost 50% of their weight after 4 weeks of storage. Electrolyte leakage increased in these roots, indicating that dehydration damaged cellular membranes. Respiration rate generally increased in roots stored at 40% relative humidity compared to roots stored at 85% relative humidity. The increase in respiration rate was positively correlated with root weight loss and electrolyte leakage. Respiration rate was most closely associated with electrolyte leakage, however, suggesting that elevations in respiration rate were not due to dehydration, but to the membrane damage that occurred in response to dehydration. Activities of the sucrose-degrading enzymes, sucrose synthase, alkaline invertase and soluble acid invertase, were unaltered by dehydration. Alterations in sucrolytic enzyme activities, therefore, were not needed to provide for the increased demand for respiratory substrates in dehydrated roots. These results suggest that storage at low relative humidity alters the postharvest physiology of sugarbeet roots by increasing the rate of weight loss, reducing membrane integrity, and accelerating root respiration rate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lafta, Abbas M.; Fugate, Karen Klotz] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Fugate, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM karen.fugate@ars.usda.gov OI Fugate, Karen/0000-0001-9543-6832 FU Beet Sugar Development Foundation FX The authors thank John Eide and Bridget Borchardt for technical support and the Beet Sugar Development Foundation for partial financial support of this research. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.05.008 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 489QR UT WOS:000269436900005 ER PT J AU Cheng, HW Fahey, A AF Cheng, H. -W. Fahey, A. TI Effects of group size and repeated social disruption on the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in two genetic lines of White Leghorn laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE group size; repeated social disruption; serotonin; dopamine; laying hen ID CHRONIC INTERMITTENT STRESS; PLASMA-CATECHOLAMINE RESPONSES; GROUP SELECTION; FEATHER PECKING; PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; BETA-HYDROXYLASE; ADRENAL-FUNCTION; BODY-WEIGHT; MOUSE-BRAIN; RATS AB Farm practices such as increasing group size (GS) and mixing unfamiliar chickens may result in repeated social disruption (RSD) and affect the wellbeing of hens. To examine whether there are genetic differences in response to social stress, 2 genetic strains of White Leghorn hens were used [i. e., high group production and survivability (HGPS) and DeKalb XL commercial strain (DXL). At 50 wk of age, social stress was created by increasing GS from 4 hens (control) to 8 hens (experimental) per cage and removing hens within the stressed groups to create 4 treatments (control-HGPS, control-DXL, GS/RSD-HGPS, and GS/RSD-DXL). For RSD, 2 hens per cage were moved weekly among the experimental cages within the same treatment. At 58 wk of age, blood sample and brain were collected from 1 hen per cage (n = 10 per treatment). Whole-blood tryptophan and serotonin (5-HT) and plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EP), and dopamine (DA) were analyzed by HPLC. The raphe nuclei and the hypothalamus (HYP) were dissected and analyzed by HPLC for the central NE, EP, DA, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 5-HT, and the ratios of DOPAC: DA and 5-HIAA: 5-HT. There were no line differences in the concentrations of peripheral tryptophan, 5-HT, EP, NE, and DA in response to GS-RSD (P > 0.10). However, neuronal transmitters were regulated differently in the different central nuclei between the lines. In the raphe nuclei, control-HGPS tended to have a higher 5-HIAA: 5-HT ratio than the control-DXL (P = 0.09). Concentrations of EP were increased in the DXL hens (P < 0.01), whereas the HGPS hens had decreased levels of DOPAC (P < 0.05) and DA turnover (DOPAC: DA, P < 0.01) post GS-RSD. In the HYP, compared with relative controls, there were no significant differences in the concentrations of 5-HT, whereas the levels of 5-HIAA were reduced (P < 0.01) after GS-RSD, suggesting that GS-RSD led to a lower 5-HT turnover in the HYP. The results indicate that selection for docility and productivity alters serotonergic and catecholamine homeostasis in hens in response to social stress, GS-RSD. C1 [Cheng, H. -W.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fahey, A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu OI Fahey, Alan/0000-0002-4594-5767 FU USDA-National Research Initiative grant FX We are grateful to students and employees of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Livestock Behavioral Research Unit and the Purdue University poultry farm for their assistance in the collection of data. The authors also express gratitude to Don Lay of the Livestock Behavior Research Unit and the 2 anonymous reviewers for improving the quality of the paper. This work was supported by a USDA-National Research Initiative grant. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 12 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 10 BP 2018 EP 2025 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00302 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 512ZR UT WOS:000271291700002 PM 19762852 ER PT J AU Pohle, K Cheng, HW AF Pohle, K. Cheng, H. -W. TI Comparative effects of furnished and battery cages on egg production and physiological parameters in White Leghorn hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE furnished cage; battery cage; egg production; physiology; chicken ID AGE-ASSOCIATED INCREASE; LAYING HENS; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; STRESS-RESPONSE; HYPOTHALAMIC SEROTONIN; BREAKING STRENGTH; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; STOCKING DENSITY; ADRENAL-FUNCTION; HOUSING DENSITY AB Laboratory animal well-being can be improved by housing the animals in species-specific natural or near-to-natural environments. An enriched environment may have a similar effect on chickens. The purpose of this study was to examine if housing environment (furnished cages vs. battery cages) effects the well-being of laying hens. One hundred ninety-two 1-d-old non-beak-trimmed White Leghorn W-36 chicks were reared and randomly assigned into battery cages or furnished cages at 19 wk of age. The furnished cages had wire floors and solid metal walls, with perches, a dustbathing area, scratch pads, and a nestbox area with concealment curtain. Ten hens were housed per cage, providing a stocking density of 610 cm(2) of floor space per hen. The battery cages were commercial wire cages containing 6 birds per cage, providing 645 cm2 of floor space per hen. Body weight and egg production were calculated from 25 to 60 wk of age. The peripheral concentrations of dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, corticosterone, and IgG were analyzed at 30, 40, 50, and 60 wk of age. Compared with the hens housed in the battery cages, the hens housed in the furnished cages were significantly heavier from 30 to 60 wk of age (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) and produced more eggs at 40 wk of age (P < 0.05). There were no treatment effects on eggshell thickness (P > 0.05). The concentrations of serotonin were reduced, whereas corticosterone was increased from 50 to 60 wk of age in the hens housed in the battery cages (P < 0.05) but not in those housed in the furnished cages, which may indicate that the hens housed in the battery cages were stressed. Although further studies remain to be completed, the present results suggest that furnished cages may be a favorable alternative for housing laying hens. C1 [Cheng, H. -W.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pohle, K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cheng, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hwcheng@purdue.edu NR 89 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 24 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 10 BP 2042 EP 2051 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00171 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 512ZR UT WOS:000271291700005 PM 19762855 ER PT J AU Rath, NC Anthony, NB Kannan, L Huff, WE Huff, GR Chapman, HD Erf, GF Wakenell, P AF Rath, N. C. Anthony, N. B. Kannan, L. Huff, W. E. Huff, G. R. Chapman, H. D. Erf, G. F. Wakenell, P. TI Serum ovotransferrin as a biomarker of inflammatory diseases in chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; ovotransferrin; biomarker; inflammation; metabolic disorder ID ACUTE-PHASE PROTEINS; TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA; CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; TRANSFERRIN; INFECTION; BROILERS; BINDING; ANGIOGENESIS; RESPONSES; GROWTH AB Infectious and metabolic disorders are common in poultry and cause stress, poor performance, and mortality that results in considerable economic loss. Identifying the nature of stress in chickens will assist the development of appropriate measures to improve health and welfare. Acute phase proteins are hepatic proteins, the blood concentrations of which change significantly in the event of many health problems including inflammation and physical injuries. Thus, acute phase proteins are used as nonspecific diagnostic markers for various health disorders. Our previous studies showed that serum ovotransferrin (OVT) is an acute phase protein in chickens. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether OVT concentration can be a marker of physiological stress using sera from chickens with different infectious and metabolic disorders. A competitive enzyme immunoassay was developed to measure serum OVT concentrations. The results show that with experimentally induced pulmonary hypertension syndrome and tibial dyschondroplasia, there were no significant changes in OVT levels compared with matched controls. In contrast, when chickens were infected with microbes such as the bacterium Escherichia coli, or protozoan parasites such as Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella, there was a significant increase in the levels of OVT in the serum. Chickens with spontaneous autoimmune vitiligo also showed a significant increase in blood OVT levels. These studies suggest that blood OVT concentration is modulated under inflammatory and microbial stress and can therefore be used as a diagnostic marker of infection and inflammation in chickens. C1 [Rath, N. C.; Kannan, L.; Huff, W. E.; Huff, G. R.] USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Anthony, N. B.; Kannan, L.; Chapman, H. D.; Erf, G. F.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Wakenell, P.] Purdue Univ, Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM narayan.rath@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 10 BP 2069 EP 2074 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00076 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 512ZR UT WOS:000271291700008 PM 19762858 ER PT J AU McReynolds, J Waneck, C Byrd, J Genovese, K Duke, S Nisbet, D AF McReynolds, J. Waneck, C. Byrd, J. Genovese, K. Duke, S. Nisbet, D. TI Efficacy of multistrain direct-fed microbial and phytogenetic products in reducing necrotic enteritis in commercial broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Clostridium perfringens; chicken; direct-fed microbial; phytogenetics; necrotic enteritis ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; CHICKENS; SALMONELLA; FLORA; ANIMALS; DIET AB Our laboratory is evaluating the efficacy of direct-fed microbials (DFM) and phytogenic products to control Clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive organism associated with decreased performance and morbidity and mortality associated with necrotic enteritis, as well as some recent human food safety issues. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate a DFM (PoultryStar) and a phytogenic product (PEP125), which were administered to birds from day of hatch until termination (d 25) via the drinking water or through supplementation to a wheat-corn diet, respectively. Each experiment contained a nonchallenged negative control and a positive control wherein birds were immunocompromised with a 10x dosage of infectious bursal disease vaccine at 14 d of age and subsequently gavaged with C. perfringens (10(7) cfu/mL) daily for 3 consecutive days starting on d 17. Intestinal lesions, mortality, and log(10) values of C. perfringens in the probiotic and phytogenic treatment groups were found to be lower (P < 0.05) than those observed in the positive controls. These experiments suggest that the DFM and the phytogenic product could be used as potential alternatives to help control C. perfringens and necrotic enteritis. C1 [McReynolds, J.; Waneck, C.; Byrd, J.; Genovese, K.; Duke, S.; Nisbet, D.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP McReynolds, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM jackson.mcreynolds@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 10 BP 2075 EP 2080 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00106 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 512ZR UT WOS:000271291700009 PM 19762859 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Jones, DR Shaw, JD Sheppard, M Harrison, MA AF Musgrove, M. T. Jones, D. R. Shaw, J. D. Sheppard, M. Harrison, M. A. TI Enterobacteriaceae and related organisms isolated from nest run cart shelves in commercial shell egg processing facilities SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Enterobacteriaceae; shell egg; egg processing; sanitation; wood ID PLANT SANITATION PROGRAMS; CONTACT SURFACES; BOARD SURFACES; HENS EGG; CONTAMINATION; DISINFECTION AB Enterobacteriaceae, including Salmonella, may be recovered from foods and processing facilities. High levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the processing plant environment can be an indication of inadequate sanitation. This experiment was designed to determine if nest run egg carts serve as reservoirs for Enterobacteriaceae. Eggs that are produced by hens not housed in buildings connected to the processing plant are referred to as nest run. Many of these eggs are transported to the plant on carts to be processed. Two plants in the southeastern United States were sampled. On each of 3 visits, 5 shelves on each of 5 carts were sampled (n = 25/visit). A 12 x 12 cm area on each shelf was swabbed with a sterile gauze pad moistened with PBS and transported on ice back to the laboratory. Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated using violet red bile glucose agar incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. There was 100% prevalence for Enterobacteriaceae at plant A with an average 3.8 log(10) cfu/mL swab diluent. Plant B had 90% prevalence for Enterobacteriaceae with an average 3.2 log(10) cfu/mL swab diluent. Two randomly selected isolates from each positive sample were recultured 3 times to increase the likelihood of clonality and were then identified biochemically. Of the 124 isolates analyzed, genera identified were Citrobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Hafnia spp., Kluyvera spp., Leclercia spp., and Salmonella spp. Pseudomonas spp. was the only non-Enterobacteriaceae identified by our methods. This work demonstrates that nest run egg carts serve as reservoirs for Enterobacteriaceae in the shell egg processing environment. C1 [Musgrove, M. T.; Jones, D. R.] USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Shaw, J. D.; Harrison, M. A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Sheppard, M.] Claflin Univ, Dept Biol, Orangeburg, SC 29115 USA. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM mike.musgrove@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 10 BP 2113 EP 2117 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00021 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 512ZR UT WOS:000271291700014 PM 19762864 ER PT J AU Purdy, PH Song, Y Silversides, FG Blackburn, HD AF Purdy, P. H. Song, Y. Silversides, F. G. Blackburn, H. D. TI Evaluation of glycerol removal techniques, cryoprotectants, and insemination methods for cryopreserving rooster sperm with implications of regeneration of breed or line or both SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rooster; spermatozoa; cryopreservation; deglycerolization; artificial insemination ID GENETIC-RESOURCES; FOWL SPERMATOZOA; LIQUID-NITROGEN; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; SEMEN; FERTILITY; CHICKEN; FROZEN; VIABILITY; PRESERVATION AB A series of experiments was designed to evaluate the quality of cryopreserved rooster sperm and its fertility so that programs needing to bank germ-plasm and recreate animals can do so utilizing a minimal amount of cryopreserved semen. In experiment 1, rooster semen from the National Animal Germplasm Program genebank was thawed and glycerol was removed using a discontinuous Accudenz column or by stepwise dilution. The postthaw sperm motilities, plasma membrane integrity, and concentration were determined before and after deglycerolization. Line differences in postthaw sperm concentration and progressive motility were observed before deglycerolization (P < 0.05). After glycerol removal, the sperm that was centrifuged through Accudenz had greater total motility (37 vs. 33% sperm; P < 0.05), but use of the stepwise dilution method recovered more sperm per milliliter (320.4 x 10(6)) compared with the Accudenz method (239.2 x 10(6) sperm; P < 0.05; range across 6 lines of 165.7 to 581.0 x 10(6) sperm/mL). In experiment 2, rooster semen was cryopreserved using Lake's diluent containing either dimethyl acetamide (DMA) or glycerol as the cryoprotectants. Postthaw analysis revealed that the samples cryopreserved with glycerol survived freezing better, determined by total motility (47.8 and 15.1% glycerol and DMA samples, respectively; P < 0.05) and annexin V analyses (1.6 and 11.3% membrane-damaged sperm for glycerol and DMA samples, respectively; P < 0.05). Differences in sperm motilities (total and progressive motility) and velocities (path velocity, straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity) were observed between the 2 cryoprotectant treatments once the glycerol had been removed from those samples cryopreserved with glycerol, of which the glycerol samples had significantly more motile sperm and higher velocities (P < 0.05). The fertility of the samples frozen using the 2 cryoprotectants was tested using a single insemination (intravaginal or intramagnal) of 200 x 10(6) sperm and the fertility (number of live embryos) was evaluated over 18 d. Overall, the intravaginal inseminations had lower fertility than the intramagnal inseminations (P < 0.05). In the intravaginal inseminations, the sperm cryopreserved using DMA resulted in lower fertility, but there were no differences in fertility in the intramagnal inseminations due to cryoprotectant (P > 0.05). These results indicate that reasonable postthaw sperm quality and fertility can be derived using cryopreserved rooster semen. By utilizing this information, estimations can be made for storing sufficient material for line or breed, or both, recreation programs. C1 [Purdy, P. H.; Blackburn, H. D.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Song, Y.; Silversides, F. G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Agassiz Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. RP Purdy, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM phil.purdy@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 10 BP 2184 EP 2191 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00402 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 512ZR UT WOS:000271291700024 PM 19762874 ER PT J AU Blackburn, HD Silversides, F Purdy, PH AF Blackburn, H. D. Silversides, F. Purdy, P. H. TI Inseminating fresh or cryopreserved semen for maximum efficiency: Implications for gene banks and industry SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE intramagnal insemination; cryopreserved semen; gene bank; conservation of chicken genetic resources ID BROILER BREEDER; SPERM; SPERMATOZOA; PERSPECTIVE; RESOURCES; FERTILITY; GLYCEROL AB Developing gene bank germplasm collections for animal genetic resources requires establishing germplasm collection goals, that consider capturing the genetic diversity of the population in question and the amount of germplasm required for its reconstitution or other purposes, or both. Computing collection goals for chickens is complicated, compared with mammalian species, due to the multiple chances a single insemination of semen has to fertilize an egg. To address this issue, fertility data were used in conjunction with econometric procedures for determining production efficiency and diminishing returns. Experimental treatments consisted of inseminating fresh semen intravaginally (FIV), frozen-thawed semen inseminated intramagnally (FTIM), and frozen-thawed semen inseminated intravaginally (FTIV). Analysis revealed that the maximum efficiency for a single insemination was at postinsemination d 6, 8, and 3 for FIV, FTIM, and FTIV, respectively. But, additional benefit from a single insemination can be garnered by continuing to collect and incubate eggs to d 11, 17, and 11 for FIV, FTIM, and FTIV, respectively. By extending the insemination interval, the number of fertile eggs can be increased by 62 (FIV), 62 (FTIM), and 48% (FTIV). The ramifications of these results are profound when placed in the context of germplasm collection for gene banks. By using the FTIM treatment, the number of germplasm samples needed to secure a chicken breed, at the 150% level, can be reduced from the FAO projection of 2,454 to 386 straws (0.5 mL). Such a change represents a substantial reduction in collection, processing, and storage costs for gene banks. For industry, the results suggest that extending the time interval between inseminations will yield more fertile eggs and create opportunities to increase the number of hens mated to a rooster. C1 [Blackburn, H. D.; Purdy, P. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Silversides, F.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Agassiz Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. RP Blackburn, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Harvey.blackburn@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 EI 1525-3171 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 10 BP 2192 EP 2198 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00403 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 512ZR UT WOS:000271291700025 PM 19762875 ER PT J AU Lloyd, T Alvarado, CZ Brashears, MM Thompson, LD McKee, SR Berrang, M AF Lloyd, T. Alvarado, C. Z. Brashears, M. M. Thompson, L. D. McKee, S. R. Berrang, M. TI Control of Listeria monocytogenes in turkey deli loaves using organic acids as formulation ingredients SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; organic acid; turkey deli loaf; marinade; dip solution ID SURVIVAL; SAUSAGE; LACTATE; GROWTH; PH AB The growth of Listeria monocytogenes in further-processed meat products has become a major concern and an important food safety issue. The meat and poultry industries have incorporated interventions such as organic acids in marinades to inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes. In this study, organic acids were utilized in the raw product and as a postcook dip to determine their inhibitory effect on the growth of L. monocytogenes in turkey deli loaves. The turkey deli loaves were processed, cooked, cooled, inoculated with streptomycin-resistant L. monocytogenes, and then dipped. Treatments were potassium lactate (PL) in the raw product with sodium lactate (SL), sodium diacetate (SD) dip, PL with SL/PL/SD dip, SL with SL/SD dip, and SL with SL/PL/SD dip. There was also a positive (inoculated) and negative (noninoculated) control, which was dipped in distilled water. Days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 were sampled for L. monocytogenes. There were no differences (P > 0.05) among the organic acid treatments in the turkey deli loaves at any time points; therefore, all of the treatments increased the lag phase of L. monocytogenes, extending the shelf-life of the product. However, there was a difference between the treatments and the positive control at d 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56. The growth of L. monocytogenes increased immediately in the positive control, whereas the negative control appeared to have no growth. These organic acids can provide meat processors with a useful method for extending the lag phase of L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products. C1 [Lloyd, T.; Alvarado, C. Z.; Brashears, M. M.; Thompson, L. D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [McKee, S. R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Berrang, M.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Alvarado, CZ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM christine.alvarado@ttu.edu NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 10 BP 2235 EP 2239 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00034 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 512ZR UT WOS:000271291700031 PM 19762881 ER PT J AU Dombroskie, JJ Brown, JW AF Dombroskie, Jason J. Brown, John W. TI A NEW SPECIES OF CLEPSIS GUENEE, 1845 (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) FROM THE SKY ISLANDS OF SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Archipini; genitalia; Madrean; Nearctic; systematics AB Clepsis anderslaneyii, new species is described and illustrated from the "sky islands" (i.e., Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Santa Rita mountains) of southeastern Arizona, U.S.A. Superficially, it is most similar to Argyrotaenia dorsalana (Dyar 1903), but it is assigned unambiguously to Clepsis Guenee on the basis of the characteristically modified transtilla, which includes a narrow or obsolete mesal portion and a dentate subbasal swollen lobe. Among Nearctic congeners, the male genitalia of C. anderslaneyii are most similar to those of C. fucana (Walsingham 1879), but those of C anderstaneyii can be distinguished by the more broadly pointed valva, narrower transtilla, bulbous uncus, and broader tegumen. The extremely short ductus bursae of the female genitalia of C. anderslaneyii is unique among Clepsis. C1 [Dombroskie, Jason J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Dombroskie, JJ (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. EM dombrosk@ualberta.ca; john.brown@ars.usda.gov FU Office of Academic Services FX We thank Dan Nicolson, Botany Department, USNM, for providing nomenclatural expertise. The work was completed during a Smithsonian Institution internship supported by a generous donation to the Office of Academic Services. The following individuals provided helpful reviews of the manuscript: Don Wright, Cincinnati, Ohio; Todd Gilligan, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and Michael Gates and Thomas Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 111 IS 4 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.4.769 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 515FQ UT WOS:000271453600001 ER PT J AU Mathis, WN Knutson, LV Murphy, WL AF Mathis, Wayne N. Knutson, Lloyd V. Murphy, Willam L. TI A NEW SPECIES OF SNAIL-KILLING FLY OF THE GENUS DICTYA MEIGEN FROM THE DELMARVA STATES (DIPTERA: SCIOMYZIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Dictya orthi; new species; generic diagnosis; key to species AB A new species of snail-killing fly, Dictya orthi (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), is described from the Delmarva States (type locality: Virginia. Stafford; Aquia Harbour, Lions Park). Provided are detailed photographs, descriptions of structures of the male terminalia, a generic diagnosis, and a key to species of Dictya from the Delmarva and adjacent states. C1 [Mathis, Wayne N.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Knutson, Lloyd V.] Smithsonian Inst, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mathis, WN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mathisw@si.edu; lvknutson@tiscali.it; billmurphy8@sbcglobal.net FU National Park Service; Williston Fund (Smithsonian Institution) FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance and cooperation of many individuals who contributed to the field work and production of this paper. Field work in the George Washington Memorial Parkway was supported by a grant from the National Park Service; we especially thank Brent W. Steury (National Park Service, George Washington Memorial Parkway, 20242 Turkey Run Park, McLean, VA 22101, USA) for his assistance, facilitation, and support. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Williston Fund (Smithsonian Institution), especially for study of specimens in other museums during the summers of 2007 and 2008. We thank Karolyn Darrow (Department of Entomology, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 165; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA) for assisting us in making up the plate of photographs and their enhancement. We thank Allen L. Norrbom (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, c/o Department of Entomology, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 169; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA), Stephen D. Gaimari (Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, USA), and Karl R. Valley (Division of Plant Protection, Bureau of Plant Industry, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USA) for reviewing a draft of this paper. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 111 IS 4 BP 785 EP 794 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.4.785 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 515FQ UT WOS:000271453600003 ER PT J AU Pereira, AIA Smith, DR Zanuncio, JC Serrao, JE AF Pereira, Alexandre I. A. Smith, David R. Zanuncio, Jose C. Serrao, Jose E. TI LIFE HISTORY NOTES ON THE SAWFLY HAPLOSTEGUS NIGRICRUS CONDE (HYMENOPTERA: PERGIDAE) ON PSIDIUM GUAJAVA (MYRTACEAE) IN MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE sawfly; guava; Symphyta; herbivory ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; SMITH HYMENOPTERA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; BEHAVIOR; TENTHREDINIDAE; OVIPOSITION; ALLOCATION; PREDATION; SYMPHYTA; ARGIDAE AB The life history of Haplostegus nigricrus Conde (Hymenoptera: Pergidae), a leaf-feeding sawfly of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), was studied in Vicosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The life history and morphology are compared with those of Haplostegus epimelas Konow (Hymenoptera: Pergidae), another species that feeds on guava leaves. Haplostegus nigricrus females oviposit in the midrib of guava, and larvae feed on the leaves. Late-instar larvae drop to the ground and construct a cell for pupation. Cocoons are made individually with soil particles and other substrate. Three occurrence peaks of female adults were observed for H. nigricrus and two for H. epimelas. No males of H. nigricrus were found. The importance of this study to the knowledge of South American Pergidae is discussed. C1 [Pereira, Alexandre I. A.; Zanuncio, Jose C.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, BIOAGRO, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Serrao, Jose E.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Geral, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Pereira, AIA (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Anim, BIOAGRO, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM aiapereira@yahoo.com.br; dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; zanuncio@ufv.br; jeserrao@ufv.br RI Serrao, Jose Eduardo/H-2935-2012 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG); Systematic Entomolology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, DC FX We appreciate the help of the "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)" and "Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)" for financial support. M. W. Gates, Systematic Entomolology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, DC, identified the encyrtid parasitoid. We thank T. J. Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory; USDA, Washington, DC; A. Shinohara, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo; and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 111 IS 4 BP 795 EP 806 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.4.795 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 515FQ UT WOS:000271453600004 ER PT J AU Rota, J Yang, A Brown, JW AF Rota, Jadranka Yang, April Brown, John W. TI VARIATION IN THE FEMALE FRENULUM IN TORTRICIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA). PART 2. OLETHREUTINAE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Bactrini; Enarmoniini; Endotheniini; Eucosmini; Gatesclarkeanini; Grapholitini; Microcorsini; morphological character; Olethreutini; phylogeny ID LEPIDOPTERA AB This paper, treating the tortricid subfamily Olethreutinae, represents the second in a proposed three-part series examining variation in the number of bristles in the frenulum of female tortricid moths. Based on an examination of 6,333 individuals of 1,464 species representing 188 genera of Olethreutinae, the number of bristles in the female frenulum varies from one to six, and it is sometimes asymmetrical on the same specimen (7.5% of individuals examined). A three-bristled frenulum is the most common condition in Microcorsini, Endotheniini, Bactrini, Gatesclarkeanini, Olethreutini, Enarmoniini, and Eucosmini, with varying degrees of intraspecific variation in number within each tribe. However, in both Eucosmini and Enarmoniini several genera have a predominantly or exclusively two-bristled frenulum (e.g., Gypsonoma Meyrick, Herpystis Meyrick, and Rhopalovalva Kuznetsov in Eucosmini; Hystrichophora Walsingham, Neoanathamna Kawabe, and Pseudacroclita Oku in Enarmoniini). In Grapholitini, two- and three-bristled frenula occur in nearly equal frequency, suggesting that this character may be of some phylogenetic significance, but an overall pattern is not immediately obvious. In contrast to the situation in Chlidanotinae, where the distribution of the two- and three-bristled frenulum corroborates previously proposed phylogenetic hypotheses, we conclude that variation in the number of bristles in the frenulum in Olethreutinae is not phylogenetically informative at higher levels (e.g., tribes, subtribes) owing to the high degree of intrageneric and intraspecific variation. However, the number of bristles may be of phylogenetic significance at the generic level, particularly in Eucosmini and Grapholitini. C1 [Rota, Jadranka] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Yang, April] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Environm Biol, Div Organisms & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Rota, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rotaj@si.edu; lirpa.gnay@gmail.com; john.brown@ars.usda.gov RI Rota, Jadranka/C-6702-2011 OI Rota, Jadranka/0000-0003-0220-3920 FU Smithsonian Institution Women's Committee; Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The Smithsonian Institution Women's Committee provided funding for a Research Training Program internship for April Yang, during which some of the data were captured. Data capture, analyses, and manuscript preparation by Jadranka Rota was funded in part by a Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship. The following provided helpful reviews of the manuscript: Leif Aarvik, Natural History Museum, Oslo; and Robert Kula and Thomas Henry, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. We also thank two anonymous reviewers, one of whom provided suggestions that considerably improved the clarity of the manuscript. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 111 IS 4 BP 826 EP 866 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.4.826 PG 41 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 515FQ UT WOS:000271453600006 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Schmidt, S AF Smith, David R. Schmidt, Stefan TI REDISCOVERY OF THE PERREYIINE GENUS BARILOCHIA MALAISE (HYMENOPTERA: PERGIDAE) IN SOUTH AMERICA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE sawflies; new species; Chile AB The sawfly genus Barilochia Malaise (Pergidae: Perreyiinae) was known from a single specimen of one species, B. brunneovirens Malaise, from San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. A second species from Chile, B. longivalvula, n. sp., is described and illustrated. A male of Barilochia is described for the first time. The possible host plant is Nothofagus dombeyi (Coihue) (Nothofagaceae). C1 [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Schmidt, Stefan] Zool Staatssammlung Munchen, D-81247 Munich, Germany. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 73012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; stefan.schmidt@zsm.mnw.de NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 111 IS 4 BP 874 EP 879 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-111.4.874 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 515FQ UT WOS:000271453600008 ER PT J AU Knoops, KTB Spiro, A de Groot, LCPGM Kromhout, D van Staveren, WA Tucker, KL AF Knoops, Kim T. B. Spiro, Avron, III de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M. Kromhout, Daan van Staveren, Wija A. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Do dietary patterns in older men influence change in homocysteine through folate fortification? The Normative Aging Study SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Dietary patterns; Homocysteine; Folic acid; Vitamin B(12); Vitamin B(6); Men ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; ACUTE CORONARY EVENTS; VITAMIN-B STATUS; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; SERUM FOLATE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR; BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS; FRAMINGHAM NUTRITION AB Objective: We aimed to describe the difference in B-vitamin intake and in plasma B-vitamin and homocysteine concentrations before and after folic acid fortification, in relation to dietary patterns. Design: The Normative Aging Study (NAS) is a longitudinal Study on ageing. Between 1961 and 1970, 2280 male volunteers aged 21-80 years (mean 42 years) were recruited. Dietary intake data have been collected since 1987 and assessment of plasma B vitamins and homocysteine was added in 1993. Setting: Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Subjects: In the present study, 354 men who had completed at least one FFQ and one measurement of homocysteine, both before and after the fortification period, were included. Results., Three dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis: (i) a prudent pattern, with relatively high intakes of fruit, vegetables, low-fat milk and breakfast cereals; (ii) an unhealthy pattern, with high intakes of baked products, sweets and added fats; and (iii) a low fruit and vegetable but relatively high alcohol intake pattern. Dietary intake and plasma concentrations of folate increased significantly (P<0.05) among all dietary patterns after the fortification period. Homocysteine tended to decrease in Supplement non-users and in subjects in the high alcohol, low fruit and vegetable dietary pattern (both P=0.08). Conclusions: After fortification with folic acid, folate intake and plasma folate concentration increased significantly in all dietary patterns. There was a trend towards greatest homocysteine lowering in the high alcohol, low fruit and vegetable group. C1 [Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Knoops, Kim T. B.; de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M.; Kromhout, Daan; van Staveren, Wija A.] Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Spiro, Avron, III] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Spiro, Avron, III] Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Kromhout, Daan/A-8566-2014; OI Spiro III, Avron/0000-0003-4080-8621; de Groot, Lisette /0000-0003-2778-2789; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU US Department of Agriculture Cooperative Agreement [58-1950-7-707] FX The research was supported in part by the US Department of Agriculture Cooperative Agreement 58-1950-7-707 and by the organization Stichting De Drie Lichten. The latter organization did not participate in the design or conduct of the study; in the collection, analysis or interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review or approval of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the revisions and drafts of this manuscript and reviewed the final version. A.S. 3rd and K.L.T. contributed to study concept and design; K.L.T., K.T.B.K. and D.K. contributed to analysis and interpretation of the data; K.T.B.K. drafted the manuscript; K.L.T., D.K., L.C.P.G.M.d.G. and W.A.v.S. conducted critical revision of the manuscript. None of the authors had a personal or professional conflict of interest. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1760 EP 1766 DI 10.1017/S1368980008004321 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 496IK UT WOS:000269963700011 PM 19105862 ER PT J AU Chopping, M Nolin, A Moisen, GG Martonchik, JV Bull, M AF Chopping, Mark Nolin, Anne Moisen, Gretchen G. Martonchik, John V. Bull, Michael TI Forest canopy height from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) assessed with high resolution discrete return lidar SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest; Canopy; Height; Cover; Biomass; Multiangle; Model; Inversion; Mapping ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE MODEL; ANGLE SPECTRAL DATA; BACKGROUND REFLECTANCE; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION; BIOPHYSICAL STRUCTURE; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; COVER; INVERSION; CARBON AB In this study retrievals of forest canopy height were obtained through adjustment of a simple geometric-optical (GO) model against red band surface bidirectional reflectance estimates from NASA's Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), mapped to a 250 m grid. The soil-understory background contribution was partly isolated prior to inversion using regression relationships with the isotropic, geometric, and volume scattering kernel weights of a Li-Ross kernel-driven bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model. The height retrievals were assessed using discrete return lidar data acquired over sites in Colorado as part of the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) and used with fractional crown cover retrievals to obtain aboveground woody biomass estimates. For all model runs with reasonable backgrounds and initial b/r (vertical to horizontal crown radii) values <2.0, root mean square error (RMSE) distributions were centered between 2.5 and 3.7 m while R(2) distributions were centered between 0.4 and 0.7. The MISR/GO aboveground biomass estimates predicted via regression on fractional cover and mean canopy height for the CLPX sites showed good agreement with U.S. Forest Service Interior West map data (adjusted R(2) = 0.84). The implication is that multiangle sensors such as MISR can provide spatially contiguous retrievals of forest canopy height, cover, and aboveground woody biomass that are potentially useful in mapping distributions of aboveground carbon stocks, tracking disturbance, and in initializing, constraining, and validating ecosystem models. This is important because the MISR record is spatially comprehensive and extends back to the year 2000 and the launch of the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra satellite; it might thus provide a similar to 10-year baseline record that would enhance exploitation of data from the NASA Deformation, Ecosystem Structure and Dynamics of Ice (DESDynl) mission, as well as furthering realization of synergies with active instruments. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chopping, Mark] Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Nolin, Anne] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Moisen, Gretchen G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Martonchik, John V.; Bull, Michael] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Chopping, M (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM chopping@pegasus.montclair.edu FU NASA Earth Observing System [NNX08AE71G] FX This research was supported by NASA Earth Observing System grant NNX08AE71G to MC (Technical Manager: Dr. William Emanuel). The MISR data were obtained from the NASA Langley Atmospheric Science Data Center. The CLPX data were provided courtesy of National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. We thank Xiaohong Chopping: David Diner (MISR Scientist, NASA/JPL) and the MISR Science Team; Molly McAllister (National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO); Chad Poole (Spectrum Mapping LLC, Albuquerque, NM); Ron Tymcio and Tracey Frescino (US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT); Matt Smith and the Global Land Cover Facility (University of Maryland, College Park, MD): Joseph Youn and Michael Stoppay (Computer Operations for Research and Education, College of Science and Mathematics, Montclair State University); and all participants in CLPX NR 54 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 113 IS 10 BP 2172 EP 2185 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.05.017 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 487MA UT WOS:000269277200012 ER PT J AU Herrmann-Hoesing, LM Lehmkuhl, HD Cutlip, RC AF Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. Lehmkuhl, Howard D. Cutlip, Randall C. TI Minimum intravenous infectious dose of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) SO RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE OPPV; Maedi-visna virus; Intravenous; Infectious dose ID MAEDI-VISNA-VIRUS; ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; SHEEP FLOCKS; TRANSMISSION; LENTIVIRUS; MACROPHAGES; ERADICATION; EXPRESSION; TISSUES; LAMBS AB The minimum intravenous infectious dose for ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) WLC1 was determined using twenty-four 6 month-old lambs. Twelve groups of two 6 month-old lambs were inoculated intravenously (i.v.) with tissue culture fluid containing ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) WLC1 titers ranging from 10(7.6) TCID50/lamb down to 10(-3.4) TCID50/lamb and were monitored for seroconversion using the OPPV agar gel immunodiffusion assay (AGID). Fifteen of the 16 lambs given equal or greater than 10(0.6) TCID50 seroconverted, and virus could be isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes in 13 out of the 15 of these lambs. None of the eight lambs receiving less than 10(0.6) TCID50 seroconverted during the 12 months. The results of this study indicated that 10(0.6) or 4 TCID50/lamb given i.v. was capable of establishing infection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lehmkuhl, Howard D.] ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Cutlip, Randall C.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Herrmann-Hoesing, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0034-5288 EI 1532-2661 J9 RES VET SCI JI Res. Vet. Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 87 IS 2 BP 329 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.01.006 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 482PH UT WOS:000268900700034 PM 19246063 ER PT J AU Xiarchos, IM Fletcher, JJ AF Xiarchos, Irene M. Fletcher, Jerald J. TI Price and volatility transmission between primary and scrap metal markets SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article DE Recycling; Primary and scrap metal prices; Cointegration; Volatility spillovers ID NUMERICAL DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; UNIT-ROOT; PRODUCT PRICES; TIME-SERIES; CRUDE-OIL; COINTEGRATION; MODEL; INFORMATION; EXCHANGE; INDUSTRY AB The relationship between primary and scrap prices has been hypothesized for the most part as unidirectional. characterized by spillovers from primary to scrap prices. The purpose of this study is to evaluate empirically the dynamic interactions between primary and scrap metal prices through multivariate time series methods. In addition, the study expands the investigation at the level of volatility transmission, which has not been previously examined. The metal prices utilized are for copper, lead, and zinc for the period 1984-2001. The paper demonstrates differing long run and short run links. Scrap prices do not improve the long run interpretation of primary prices, but information flows from the scrap to the primary markets exist in the short run. Additionally, the copper and lead markets exhibit bidirectional information flows in terms of volatility transmission. The analysis provides valuable insight into the interactions of the primary and scrap metal sectors which can be used to improve forecasting and planning. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Xiarchos, Irene M.] USDA, Off Energy Policy & New Uses, Off Chief Economist, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Fletcher, Jerald J.] W Virginia Univ, Div Resource Management, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Xiarchos, IM (reprint author), USDA, Off Energy Policy & New Uses, Off Chief Economist, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Room 4059,South Bldg, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM ixiarchos@oce.usda.gov; jfletchc@wvu.edu NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 EI 1879-0658 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 53 IS 12 BP 664 EP 673 DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.04.020 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 505KH UT WOS:000270691800002 ER PT J AU Kerber, CE Labruna, MB Ferreira, F De Waal, DT Knowles, DP Gennari, SM AF Kerber, Claudia E. Labruna, Marcelo B. Ferreira, Fernando De Waal, Daniel T. Knowles, Donald P. Gennari, Solange M. TI Prevalence of equine Piroplasmosis and its association with tick infestation in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA LA English DT Article DE Babesia caballi; Theileria equi; Brazil; horse; tick ID BABESIA-CABALLI INFECTIONS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; THEILERIA-EQUI; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS; HORSES; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODY; IXODIDAE; FOALS AB Serum samples were collected from 582 horses from 40 stud farms in the State of Sao Paulo and tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations were evaluated on them. Serum samples were subjected to the complement fixation test (CFT) and a competitive inhibition ELISA (cELISA) for Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. Logistic regression analyses were performed to construct multivariate models that could explain the dependent variable (horses positive for B. caballi or T equi) as a function of the independent variables (presence or abundance of each one of the rick species found on the farms). A higher overall prevalence of B. caballi (54.1%) than of T equi (21.6%) was found by the two tests. The ticks Dermacentor nitens Neumann, 1897, Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) and Rbipicephalus (Boopbilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) were present on horses on 38 (95%), 20 (50%), and 4 (10%) farms, respectively. Infestations by D. nitens were statistically associated with B. caballi-positive horses on the farms by either the CFT or cELISA. Infestations by A. cajennense were statistically associated with T equi-positive horses on the farms by either CFT or cELISA. C1 [Labruna, Marcelo B.; Ferreira, Fernando; Gennari, Solange M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [De Waal, Daniel T.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Vet Microbiol & Parasitol, Fac Vet Med, Dublin, Ireland. [Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Labruna, MB (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques Paiva 87,Cidade Univ, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM labruna@usp.br RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Labruna, Marcelo/B-6241-2013; Ferreira, Fernando/C-9038-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Labruna, Marcelo/0000-0002-9675-3132; Ferreira, Fernando/0000-0002-9160-7355 NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRAZILIAN COLL VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY PI SAO PAULO PA C/O ASSISTANT EDITOR AV PROF LINEU PRESTES, 1374, CIDADE UNIVERSITARIA, CEP 05508-900, SAO PAULO, 00000, BRAZIL SN 0103-846X J9 REV BRAS PARASITOL V JI Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 582HC UT WOS:000276586400002 PM 20040201 ER PT J AU Guber, AK Pachepsky, YA Shelton, DR Yu, O AF Guber, Andrey K. Pachepsky, Yakov A. Shelton, Daniel R. Yu, Olivia TI Association of Fecal Coliforms With Soil Aggregates: Effect of Water Content and Bovine Manure Application SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Soil aggregates; bovine manure; fecal coliforms; water content ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INDICATOR BACTERIA; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; TRANSPORT; MICROORGANISMS; TEMPERATURE; INTERFACE; MOVEMENT; COLUMNS; MICROENVIRONMENTS AB Manure-borne microorganisms and organic particles can move in soils in large interconnected pores or in long macropores. These pathways in structured soils are located between soil aggregates or peds. Therefore, interaction with soil aggregates may substantially affect the ability of macropores to serve as bacterial conduits. The study tested the hypothesis that fecal coliform, (FC) association with soil aggregates is affected by aggregate size, water content, and bovine manure application. Tyler loam soil aggregates were separated into three fractions. Air-dried and water-saturated aggregates were submerged in water-FC and water-manure-FC suspensions with concentrations of 10(3), 10(4), or 10(5) CFU mL(-1) for 24 h. The maximum association of FC with aggregates was observed in the experiments with air-dried aggregates in the water-FC suspensions; no measurable FC amount was associated with the saturated aggregates in the same suspension. In the water-manure-FC Suspension, about 2.5 times more FC were associated with the air-dried soil aggregates than with the water-saturated aggregates. The FC amount associated with air-dried aggregates in the water-manure-FC suspension was about 300 times less compared with the amount in the water-FC suspension. The FC association with the aggregates was not affected by aggregate size. Increased water content of soil aggregates and presence of manure in water-FC suspensions decreased FC association with soil aggregates. Because FC transport in soil generally occurs through interaggregate pores after rainfalls after manure applications, a decrease in bacteria-soil association with aggregates can enhance bacterial mobility and increase risk of groundwater contamination. C1 [Guber, Andrey K.; Pachepsky, Yakov A.; Shelton, Daniel R.; Yu, Olivia] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 174 IS 10 BP 543 EP 548 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181bccc85 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 516ND UT WOS:000271548300003 ER PT J AU Weindorf, DC Zhu, YD Ferrell, R Rolong, N Barnett, T Allen, BL Herrero, J Hudnall, W AF Weindorf, David C. Zhu, Yuanda Ferrell, Ray Rolong, Nelson Barnett, Tom Allen, B. L. Herrero, Juan Hudnall, Wayne TI Evaluation of Portable X-ray Fluorescence for Gypsum Quantification in Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE XRF; gypsum; aridisols AB The use of field portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry as a quantification tool for gypsum content in soils of West Texas and southern New Mexico, USA, was evaluated. Six sites were evaluated with gypsum contents ranging from less than 10% to greater than 90%. Samples collected from each site were scanned in the field using XRF and then transported to the laboratory for additional XRF scanning. Variables that might affect XRF scanning results, such as scanning time, particle size, moisture content, and so on, were evaluated. Both gypsum (CaSO(4)center dot 2H(2)O) and calcite (CaCO(3)) were quantified using standard laboratory techniques. Three data sets were compared: (1) soil characterization data, obtained from the National Soil Survey Laboratory Research Database in Lincoln, NE; (2) quantitative X-ray diffraction; and (3) portable XRF (PXRF). The best correlation Of gypsum XRF data (via Ca quantification minus calcite content) and laboratory data was between PXRF and quantitative X-ray diffraction (R = 0.96). On average, PXRF provided results within 6% of soil characterization data, the current laboratory standard for gypsum quantification. Field PXRF shows considerable promise as a rapid, quantifiable measure of gypsum in soils. C1 [Weindorf, David C.; Zhu, Yuanda; Barnett, Tom] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Ferrell, Ray] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rolong, Nelson] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Rosenberg, TX USA. [Allen, B. L.; Hudnall, Wayne] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Herrero, Juan] CSIC EEAD, Zaragoza, Spain. RP Weindorf, DC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM dweindorf@agcenter.lsu.edu RI Weindorf, David/C-4322-2012; OI Herrero, Juan/0000-0002-4132-4920 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 174 IS 10 BP 556 EP 562 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181bbbd0b PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 516ND UT WOS:000271548300005 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL AF Shogren, Randal L. TI Estimation of the Intrinsic Birefringence of the A, B and V Crystalline Forms of Amylose SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE Amylose; Birefringence; Crystalline forms; Orientation ID HELICAL MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PACKING ANALYSIS; STARCH; FILMS; POLYSACCHARIDES; ORIENTATION AB Optical birefringence (Delta n) for A, B, V(a), V(h) amylose crystals were calculated by vector summation of bond polarizabilities. Orientation of the O-H bond vectors in these amylose crystals is not well understood so results were given for a range of O-H conformers. For B amylose, Delta n was calculated to be 0.043-0.058 for the Wu and Sarko crystal structure, while Delta n = 0 0-0.01 for the now widely accepted crystal structure of Imberty and Perez. This latter estimate is somewhat lower than experimental values of 0.031-0.037 determined previously for highly oriented amylose films. Reasons for the discrepancy may include uncertainty in empirical polarizability parameters or neglect of contributions from amorphous components and water. Predicted values of Delta n for A amylose were similar to B amylose while Delta n for V amyloses were smaller (-0.04-0.0). These estimates of the intrinsic birefringence of amylose crystals should be helpful in estimating the degree of orientation for starch films/fibers and in better understanding the molecular origins of birefringence of oriented starch. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD OCT PY 2009 VL 61 IS 10 BP 578 EP 581 DI 10.1002/star.200900153 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 516IR UT WOS:000271536100003 ER PT J AU Fanta, GF Felker, FC Byars, JA Kenar, JA Shogren, RL AF Fanta, George F. Felker, Frederick C. Byars, Jeffrey A. Kenar, James A. Shogren, Randal L. TI Starch-Soybean Oil Composites With High Oil: Starch Ratios Prepared By Steam Jet Cooking SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE Amylose-lipid complex; Jet cooking; Oleic acid; Soybean oil ID HIGH-AMYLOSE STARCH; TIME-DOMAIN NMR; MIXTURES; FILMS; GELS AB Aqueous mixtures of soybean oil and starch were jet cooked at oil: starch ratios ranging from 0.5:1 to 4:1 to yield dispersions of micron-sized oil droplets that were coated with a thin layer of starch at the oil-water interface. The jet cooked dispersions were then centrifuged at 2060 and 10,800 x g, the buoyant, high-oil fractions that rose to the surface were isolated, and the size distributions of the oil droplets were determined. Experiments were conducted with normal dent, waxy, and high-amylose corn starches; and oleic acid was added during let cooking to form helical inclusion complexes with amylose. With normal dent and waxy corn starches, nearly all of the oil was recovered in the buoyant layers, and only small amounts of oil were found in the aqueous mid layers and settled solids. Oil droplet diameters in the buoyant layers obtained with normal dent and waxy corn starch ranged from under 5 mu m to over 50 mu m. Centrifugation at high versus low relative centrifugal force produced only minor differences in the droplet size distributions With high-amylose starch, microscopy showed that most of the oil droplets were entrapped within aggregates of sub-micron particles that were apparently formed from amylose-oleic acid inclusion complexes when the dispersions were cooled. Droplet sizes increased with an increase in the oil: starch ratio, and decreased when oleic acid was added during jet cooking. C1 [Felker, Frederick C.; Byars, Jeffrey A.; Kenar, James A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Fanta, George F.; Shogren, Randal L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Felker, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD OCT PY 2009 VL 61 IS 10 BP 590 EP 600 DI 10.1002/star.200900137 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 516IR UT WOS:000271536100005 ER PT J AU Cranston, KA Hurwitz, B Ware, D Stein, L Wing, RA AF Cranston, Karen A. Hurwitz, Bonnie Ware, Doreen Stein, Lincoln Wing, Rod A. TI Species Trees from Highly Incongruent Gene Trees in Rice SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian MCMC; gene tree incongruence; multilocus analysis; phylogenetic inference; rice ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; BAYESIAN-ESTIMATION; RECONCILED TREES; MISSING DATA; EST DATA; ORYZA; EVOLUTION; LINEAGE; PHYLOGENOMICS AB Several methods have recently been developed to infer multilocus phylogenies by incorporating information from topological incongruence of the individual genes. In this study, we investigate 2 such methods, Bayesian concordance analysis and Bayesian estimation of species trees. Our test data are a collection of genes from cultivated rice (genus Oryza) and the most closely related wild species, generated using a high-throughput sequencing protocol and bioinformatics pipeline. Trees inferred from independent genes display levels of topological incongruence that far exceed that seen in previous data sets analyzed with these species tree methods. We identify differences in phylogenetic results between inference methods that incorporate gene tree incongruence. Finally, we discuss the challenges of scaling these analyses for data sets with thousands of gene trees and extensive levels of missing data. C1 [Cranston, Karen A.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Biodivers Synth Ctr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Cranston, Karen A.; Hurwitz, Bonnie] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hurwitz, Bonnie; Ware, Doreen; Stein, Lincoln] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Ware, Doreen] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wing, Rod A.] Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Inst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wing, Rod A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wing, Rod A.] Univ Arizona, Inst BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cranston, KA (reprint author), Field Museum Nat Hist, Biodivers Synth Ctr, 1400 S Lakeshore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM kcranston@fieldmuseum.org OI Cranston, Karen Ann/0000-0002-4798-9499; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Biological Sciences [0321678, 0733365, DBI-0321678]; United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service; Bud Antle Endowed Chair FX B. H., L. S. and D. W. gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Biological Sciences grant 0321678 and D. W. acknowledges support from United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service. K. A. C. was supported by the NSF grant 0733365 to Michael Sanderson. This work was also supported by NSF grant DBI-0321678 to R. A. W. and L. S. and by the Bud Antle Endowed Chair (to R. A. W.). NR 62 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 58 IS 5 BP 489 EP 500 DI 10.1093/sysbio/syp054 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 520FG UT WOS:000271825200004 PM 20525603 ER PT J AU Carter, AH Chen, XM Garland-Campbell, K Kidwell, KK AF Carter, Arron Hyrum Chen, X. M. Garland-Campbell, K. Kidwell, K. K. TI Identifying QTL for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici) in the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar 'Louise' SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; YELLOW-RUST; DURABLE RESISTANCE; BREAD WHEAT; LEAF RUST; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; NORTH-AMERICA; MARKERS AB Over time, many single, all-stage resistance genes to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are circumvented by race changes in the pathogen. In contrast, high-temperature, adult-plant resistance (HTAP), which only is expressed during the adult-plant stage and when air temperatures are warm, provides durable protection against stripe rust. Our objective was to identify major quantitative trait loci (QTL) for HTAP resistance to stripe rust in the spring wheat cultivar 'Louise'. The mapping population consisted of 188 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a Louise (resistant) by 'Penawawa' (susceptible) cross. F(5:6) lines were evaluated for stripe rust reaction under natural infection in replicated field trials at five locations in the US Pacific Northwest in 2007 and 2008. Infection type (IT) and disease severity were recorded for each RIL 2-4 times per location. In all environments, Penawawa, the susceptible parent, was rated with an IT ranging from 6 to 8 at all growth stages evaluated. In contrast, Louise, the resistant parent, was rated with an IT of 2 or 3 across growth stages. Distribution of IT values was bimodal, indicating a single major gene was affecting the trait. The parents and RIL population were evaluated with 295 polymorphic simple sequence repeat and one single nucleotide polymorphism markers. One major QTL, designated QYrlo.wpg-2BS, associated with HTAP resistance in Louise, was detected on chromosome 2BS (LOD scores ranging from 5.5 to 62.3 across locations and years) within a 16.9 cM region flanked by Xwmc474 and Xgwm148. SSR markers associated with QYrlo.wpg-2BS are currently being used in marker-based forward breeding strategies to transfer the target region into adapted germplasm to improve the durability of resistance in resulting cultivars. C1 [Carter, Arron Hyrum; Garland-Campbell, K.; Kidwell, K. K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, X. M.; Garland-Campbell, K.] ARS, USDA, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, X. M.] Washington State Univ, Deparment Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Carter, AH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ahcarter@wsu.edu FU National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-55606-16629] FX This research was supported by the National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP Grant No. 2006-55606-16629 and Washington State University. We are grateful to David Vogan and Adrienne Burke for their assistance in molecular marker screening. We appreciate the USDA-ARS Western Regional Genotyping center for use of their genotyping equipment, along with the University of Idaho for allowing us to phenotype the RIL population at the Palouse Research, Extension and Education Center. We would like to thank Victor DeMacon for assistance in development of the mapping population as well as Gary Shelton and Dave Wood for assistance with field screening trials. NR 50 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 119 IS 6 BP 1119 EP 1128 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1114-2 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 502DT UT WOS:000270435900013 PM 19644666 ER PT J AU Flint-Garcia, SA Bodnar, AL Scott, MP AF Flint-Garcia, Sherry A. Bodnar, Anastasia L. Scott, M. Paul TI Wide variability in kernel composition, seed characteristics, and zein profiles among diverse maize inbreds, landraces, and teosinte SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; GENE-EXPRESSION; ALPHA-ZEIN; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; NORMAL ENDOSPERM; PROTEIN; DOMESTICATION; METHIONINE; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE AB All crop species have been domesticated from their wild relatives, and geneticists are just now beginning to understand the consequences of artificial (human) selection on agronomic traits that are relevant today. The primary consequence is a basal loss of diversity across the genome, and an additional reduction in diversity for genes underlying traits targeted by selection. An understanding of attributes of the wild relatives may provide insight into target traits and valuable allelic variants for modern agriculture. This is especially true for maize (Zea mays ssp. mays), where its wild ancestor, teosinte (Z. mays ssp. parviglumis), is so strikingly different than modern maize. One obvious target of selection is the size and composition of the kernel. We evaluated kernel characteristics, kernel composition, and zein profiles for a diverse set of modern inbred lines, teosinte accessions, and landraces, the intermediate between inbreds and teosinte. We found that teosinte has very small seeds, but twice the protein content of landraces and inbred lines. Teosinte has a higher average alpha zein content (nearly 89% of total zeins as compared to 72% for inbred lines and 76% for landraces), and there are many novel alcohol-soluble proteins in teosinte relative to the other two germplasm groups. Nearly every zein protein varied in abundance among the germplasm groups, especially the methionine-rich delta zein protein, and the gamma zeins. Teosinte and landraces harbor phenotypic variation that will facilitate genetic dissection of kernel traits and grain quality, ultimately leading to improvement via traditional plant breeding and/or genetic engineering. C1 [Flint-Garcia, Sherry A.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bodnar, Anastasia L.; Scott, M. Paul] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Scott, M. Paul] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Flint-Garcia, Sherry A.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Flint-Garcia, SA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 301 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Sherry.Flint-Garcia@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome Award [DBI0321467]; USDA-CSREES; USDA-ARS FX We would like to thank Susan Melia-Hancock (USDA-ARS in Columbia, MO) for collecting data regarding seed weight and embryo-endosperm ratio; these are especially challenging traits to evaluate in teosinte. We would also like to thank Hari Krishnan (USDA-ARS in Columbia, MO) for conducting preliminary experiments leading to this larger study, and Adrienne Moran Lauter (USDA-ARS in Ames, IA) for technical assistance. This research was supported by a National Science Foundation Plant Genome Award (DBI0321467), the USDA-CSREES special appropriation "Plant Biotechnology Iowa," and by research funds provided by USDA-ARS. Names of products are necessary to report factually on available data; however, neither the USDA nor any other participating institution guarantees or warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name does not imply approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 54 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 119 IS 6 BP 1129 EP 1142 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1115-1 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 502DT UT WOS:000270435900014 PM 19701625 ER PT J AU Carlson, DA Gese, EM AF Carlson, D. A. Gese, E. M. TI Influence of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone on seasonal reproductive behavior of the coyote (Canis latrans) SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; Coyote; GnRH; Mating behavior; Reproductive seasonality ID ESTROUS-CYCLE; SERUM PROGESTERONE; BIOLOGY; FOX AB Wild Canis species such as the coyote (C. latrans) express a suite of reproductive traits unusual among mammals, including perennial pair-bonds and paternal care of the young. Coyotes also are monestrous, and both sexes are fertile only in winter; thus, they depend upon social and physiologic synchrony for successful reproduction. To investigate the mutability of seasonal reproduction in coyotes, we attempted to evoke an out-of-season estrus in October using one of two short-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agents: (1) a GnRH analogue, deslorelin (6-D-tryptophan-9-(N-ethyl-L-prolinamide)-10-deglycinamide), 2.1 mg pellet sc; or (2) gonadorelin, a GnRH (5-oxoPro-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-GlyNH(2)) porcine hypothalamic extract, 2.0 mu g/kg im once daily for 3 consecutive days. A transient increase in serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone (I and 2 wk, respectively) was detected after treatment with deslorelin but not gonadorelin. Also, socio-sexual behaviors reminiscent of winter mating (including courtship, mate-guarding, precoital mounts, and copulatory ties) were observed among the deslorelin group. During the subsequent breeding season (January and February), however, preovulatory courtship behavior and olfactory sampling appeared suppressed; emergence of mounts and copulations were delayed in both deslorelin and gonadorelin treatment groups. Furthermore, whereas 8 of 12 females treated in October ovulated and produced healthy litters in the spring, 4 naive coyotes failed to copulate or become pregnant. Thus, perturbation of hormones prior to ovulation in species with complex mating behaviors may disrupt critical intrapair relationships, even if fertility is not impaired physiologically. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Carlson, D. A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gese, E. M.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Carlson, DA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Debra.Carlson@usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X EI 1879-3231 J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD OCT 1 PY 2009 VL 72 IS 6 BP 773 EP 783 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.05.012 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 493WN UT WOS:000269769500004 PM 19631975 ER PT J AU Klich, MA AF Klich, Maren A. TI Health effects of Aspergillus in food and air SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE Aspergillosis; mycotoxins; morphology; systematics ID INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS; AIRBORNE FUNGI; GLIOTOXIN; FUMIGATUS; DIAGNOSIS; VIRULENCE; BUILDINGS; OUTDOOR; DISEASE AB This review summarizes the health aspects of the medically important fungal genus Aspergillus. The morphology and systematics of the genus are explained as well as its biogeography. Major mycotoxins, the aspergilli that produce them, affected crops, and symptoms of the toxicoses are summarized, as are the major mycoses caused by aspergilli. The current status of the relationship between Aspergillus in the indoor environment and health issues are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Klich, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Maren.Klich@ars.usda.gov NR 70 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 EI 1477-0393 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD OCT-NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 9-10 BP 657 EP 667 DI 10.1177/0748233709348271 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 510JN UT WOS:000271084500007 PM 19793771 ER PT J AU Layton, RC Purdy, CW Jumper, CA Straus, DC AF Layton, Robert C. Purdy, Charles W. Jumper, Cynthia A. Straus, David C. TI Detection of macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxin in a caprine (goat) tracheal instillation model SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Caprine; feedlot; mycotoxin; respiratory; spore; Stachybotrys; trichothecene ID WATER-DAMAGED BUILDINGS; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; FEEDYARD DUST; WEANLING GOATS; SATRATOXIN-G; EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENT; CONIDIA; SPORES; FUNGI AB This study demonstrates the detection and dynamics of macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxin (MTM) tissue loading using a commercially available assay in a goat model. The detection of MTMs has been difficult and complex due to the uncertainty of what tissues to examine and when to sample. Twelve goats (two groups of each) were instilled with Stachybotrys chartarum conidial suspension via the trachea. The first group was challenged repeatedly with fungal conidia containing 1 mg/kg of MTM per instillation whereas the second group was exposed once, to spores with a calculated concentration of 5 mg/kg of mycotoxin. These toxin estimates were generated by the QuantiTox(TM) Kit assay; a conidium of S. chartarum possessed 8.5 pg of MTM. After repeated exposure of 3 days, MTM was detected in one of six animals. This animal and two others from the same group had mycotoxin detected in their serum 24 hours after challenge at a comparable level (1.69 ng/mL) to the six animals challenged with a single dose (2.02 ng/mL) at the same time post-instillation. Results showed that MTMs are detectable in experimental animals soon after challenge and contribute to the understanding of the role of these mycotoxins in the disease process following mold exposure. C1 [Layton, Robert C.; Straus, David C.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Purdy, Charles W.] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Jumper, Cynthia A.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. RP Straus, DC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 3601 4th St,Mail Stop 9410, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. EM david.straus@ttuhsc.edu FU USDA-Agriculture Research Service FX This study was funded by the USDA-Agriculture Research Service. The authors would like to thank Dr Trevor Brasel for assistance with mycotoxin assay development. Gratitude is also expressed to Bruce Ferguson at EnviroLogix Inc. for the QuantiTox(TM) Kit and associated technology. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD OCT-NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 9-10 BP 693 EP 701 DI 10.1177/0748233709348275 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 510JN UT WOS:000271084500010 PM 19793770 ER PT J AU Borrone, JW Brown, JS Tondo, CL Mauro-Herrera, M Kuhn, DN Violi, HA Sautter, RT Schnell, RJ AF Borrone, James W. Brown, J. Steven Tondo, Cecile L. Mauro-Herrera, Margarita Kuhn, David N. Violi, Helen A. Sautter, Robert T. Schnell, Raymond J. TI An EST-SSR-based linkage map for Persea americana Mill. (avocado) SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Avocado; Reciprocal crosses; Florida cultivars ID QUANTITATIVE GENETIC-ANALYSIS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; ABSCISSION; SELECTION; PROGENY; GROWTH; FRUIT AB Recent enhancement of the pool of known molecular markers for avocado has allowed the construction of the first moderately dense genetic map for this species. Over 300 SSR markers have been characterized and 163 of these were used to construct a map from the reciprocal cross of two Florida cultivars 'Simmonds' and 'Tonnage'. One hundred thirty-five primer pairs amplified 163 usable loci with 20 primer pairs amplifying more than one locus. 'Tonnage' was heterozygous for 152 (93%) loci, whereas 'Simmonds' was heterozygous for 64 (39%). Null alleles were identified at several loci. Linkage maps were produced for both reciprocal crosses and combined to generate a composite linkage map for the F(1) population of 715 individuals. The composite map contains 12 linkage groups. Linkage groups ranged in size from 157.3 cM (LG2) to 2.4 cM (LG12) and the number of loci mapped per group ranged from 29 (LG1) to two (LG12). The total map length was 1,087.4 cM. Only seven markers were observed to have segregation distortion (alpha a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.05) across both sub-composite (reciprocal) maps. Phenotypic data from traits of horticultural interest are currently being collected on this population with the ultimate goal of identifying useful quantitative trait loci and the development of a marker-assisted selection program. C1 [Borrone, James W.; Brown, J. Steven; Tondo, Cecile L.; Mauro-Herrera, Margarita; Kuhn, David N.; Violi, Helen A.; Sautter, Robert T.; Schnell, Raymond J.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Schnell, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM Steve.Brown@ars.usda.gov; David.Kuhn@ars.usda.gov; Ray.Schnell@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1007/s11295-009-0208-y PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 489QM UT WOS:000269436200001 ER PT J AU Zhang, DP Boccara, M Motilal, L Mischke, S Johnson, ES Butler, DR Bailey, B Meinhardt, L AF Zhang, Dapeng Boccara, Michel Motilal, Lambert Mischke, Sue Johnson, Elizabeth S. Butler, David R. Bailey, Bryan Meinhardt, Lyndel TI Molecular characterization of an earliest cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) collection from Upper Amazon using microsatellite DNA markers SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Amazon; Theobroma cacao; Conservation; Germplasm; Genetic diversity; Population structure; Peru; Tropical tree ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; ACCESSIONS; INFERENCE AB Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is indigenous to the Amazon region of South America. The river basins in the Upper Amazon harbor a large number of diverse cacao populations. Since the 1930s, several numbers of populations have been collected from the present-day Peruvian Amazon and maintained as ex situ germplasm repositories in various countries, with the largest held in the International Cacao Genebank in Trinidad. The lack of information on population structure and pedigree relationship and the incorrect labeling of accessions are major concerns for efficient conservation and use of cacao germplasm. In the present study, we assessed the individual identity, sibship, and population structure in cacao populations collected from the present-day Loreto Region, Peru in the 1930-1940s. Using a capillary electrophoresis genotyping system, we analyzed the simple sequence repeat variation of 612 cacao accessions collected from the Maraon, Nanay, and Ucayali river systems. A total of 180 cases of mislabeling were identified using a Bayesian clustering method for admixture detection. Using maximum likelihood-based methods, we reconstructed 78 full-sib families nested in 48 half-sib families, indicating that the pods collected in the 1930s were from 48 mother trees, maximum. Likelihood simulation also identified eight probable parents that are responsible for 117 pairs of mother-offspring relationships in this collection. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and the Bayesian clustering method cohesively demonstrated a pronounced structure of genetic diversity, stratified by the river systems of the Peruvian Amazon. Our results also show that, in spite of the high level of allelic diversity in this collection, it was composed of a large number of related family members collected from a relatively small area, including a couple of sites in the Ucayali and Nanay rivers, as well as the lower Maraon river near Iquitos. The vast majority of the Peruvian Amazon, especially the upper Maraon River and its tributaries, have not been sampled by collecting expeditions. The improved understanding of the individual identities, genealogical relationships, and geographical origin of cacao germplasm in this collection will contribute to more efficient conservation and utilization of these germplasm. Additionally, this study also provides more baseline information to help guide future collecting expeditions in the Peruvian Amazon. C1 [Zhang, Dapeng; Mischke, Sue; Johnson, Elizabeth S.; Bailey, Bryan; Meinhardt, Lyndel] USDA ARS, PSI, SPCL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Boccara, Michel; Motilal, Lambert; Butler, David R.] Univ W Indies, Cocoa Res Unit, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Boccara, Michel] Ctr Cooperat Int Res Agron Dev, Montpellier 5, France. RP Zhang, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, SPCL, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 001,Rm 223,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Dapeng.Zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 EI 1614-2950 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 BP 595 EP 607 DI 10.1007/s11295-009-0212-2 PG 13 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 489QM UT WOS:000269436200005 ER PT J AU Krutovsky, KV Clair, JBS Saich, R Hipkins, VD Neale, DB AF Krutovsky, Konstantin V. Clair, John Bradley St. Saich, Robert Hipkins, Valerie D. Neale, David B. TI Estimation of population structure in coastal Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii] using allozyme and microsatellite markers SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Review DE Allozyme; Genetic markers; Microsatellites; Population structure; Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii; SSR; Simple sequence repeats ID CONTROLLING ADAPTIVE TRAITS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; FALL COLD-HARDINESS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SOUTHWEST OREGON; ALLELIC DROPOUT; GENOMIC CONTROL; FLOWERING TIME AB Characterizing population structure using neutral markers is an important first step in association genetic studies in order to avoid false associations between phenotypes and genotypes that may arise from non-selective demographic factors. Population structure was studied in a wide sample of similar to 1,300 coastal Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii] trees from Washington and Oregon. This sample is being used for association mapping between cold hardiness and phenology phenotypes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in adaptive-trait candidate genes. All trees were genotyped for 25 allozyme and six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers using individual megagametophytes. Population structure analysis was done separately for allozyme and SSR markers, as well as for both datasets combined. The parameter of genetic differentiation (theta or F (ST)) was standardized to take into account high within-population variation in the SSR loci and to allow comparison with allozyme loci. Genetic distance between populations was positively and significantly correlated with geographic distance, and weak but significant clinal variation was found for a few alleles. Although the STRUCTURE simulation analysis inferred the same number of populations as used in this study and as based on previous analysis of quantitative adaptive trait variation, clustering among populations was not significant. In general, results indicated weak differentiation among populations for both allozyme and SSR loci (theta (s) = 0.006-0.059). The lack of pronounced population subdivision in the studied area should facilitate association mapping in this experimental population, but we recommend taking the STRUCTURE analysis and population assignments for individual trees (Q-matrix) into account in association mapping. C1 [Neale, David B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Saich, Robert; Hipkins, Valerie D.] US Forest Serv, Natl Forest Genet Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. [Clair, John Bradley St.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Krutovsky, Konstantin V.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Krutovsky, Konstantin V.] US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012 OI Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084 FU USDA Plant Genome National Research Initiative [00-35300-9316]; Pacific Southwest Research Station; USDA Forest Service FX We thank Alan Doerksen (formerly of Oregon State University) for genotyping the allozyme loci. We thank Peter Shipley (University of Hull, UK), Patrick Meirmans (Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canada), and Lev Yampolsky (East Tennessee State University, USA) for help with the software for MICRO-CHECKER, standardized differentiation measure and logistic regression analysis, respectively. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Plant Genome National Research Initiative (grant no. 00-35300-9316) and the Pacific Southwest Research Station, the USDA Forest Service within the American Forest & Paper Association Agenda 2020 program. Trade names and commercial products or enterprises are mentioned solely for information and no endorsement by the USDA is implied. NR 102 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 BP 641 EP 658 DI 10.1007/s11295-009-0216-y PG 18 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 489QM UT WOS:000269436200009 ER PT J AU Aikpokpodion, PO Motamayor, JC Adetimirin, VO Adu-Ampomah, Y Ingelbrecht, I Eskes, AB Schnell, RJ Kolesnikova-Allen, M AF Aikpokpodion, Peter O. Motamayor, Juan C. Adetimirin, Victor O. Adu-Ampomah, Yaw Ingelbrecht, Ivan Eskes, Albertus B. Schnell, Raymond J. Kolesnikova-Allen, Maria TI Genetic diversity assessment of sub-samples of cacao, Theobroma cacao L. collections in West Africa using simple sequence repeats marker SO TREE GENETICS & GENOMES LA English DT Article DE Cacao; Gene diversity; Allelic diversity; Rarefaction; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; COCOA; RFLP; GERMPLASM; ALLELES; NUMBER; TESTS; GHANA AB Knowledge of genebank and on-farm genetic diversity, particularly in an introduced crop species, is crucial to the management and utilization of the genetic resources available. Microsatellite markers were used to determine genetic diversity in 574 accessions of cacao, Theobroma cacao L., representing eight groups covering parental populations in West Africa, genebank, and farmers' populations in Nigeria. From the 12 microsatellite markers used, a total of 144 alleles were detected with a mean allelic richness of 4.39 alleles/locus. The largest genetic diversity was found in the Upper Amazon parent population (H (nb) = 0.730), followed by the 1944 Posnette's Introduction (H (nb) = 0.704), and was lowest in the Local parent population (H (nb) = 0.471). Gene diversity was appreciably high in the farmers' populations (H (nb) = 0.563-0.624); however, the effective number of alleles was lower than that found in the genebank's Posnette's population. Fixation index estimates indicated deficiency of heterozygotes in the Upper Amazon and the Local parent populations (F (is) = 0.209 and 0.160, respectively), and excess of heterozygotes in the Trinitario parent population (F (is) = -0.341). The presence of inbreeding in the Local parent populations and substructure (Wahlund effect) in the Upper Amazon were suggested for the deficiency of heterozygotes observed. Non-significant genetic differentiation observed between the genebank's and farmers' populations indicated significant impact of national breeding programs on varieties grown in farmers' plantations. From this study, we showed that appreciable genetic diversity was present in on-farm and field genebank collections of cacao that can be exploited for crop improvement in West Africa. Suggestions for future conservation of on-farm genetic diversity and local landraces are further discussed. C1 [Aikpokpodion, Peter O.; Ingelbrecht, Ivan; Kolesnikova-Allen, Maria] Int Inst Trop Agr PMB, Cent Biotechnol Lab, Ibadan 5320, Nigeria. [Aikpokpodion, Peter O.] Cocoa Res Inst Nigeria PMB, Div Plant Breeding, Ibadan 5244, Nigeria. [Motamayor, Juan C.] USDA ARS, Mars Inc Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Adetimirin, Victor O.] Univ Ibadan, Dept Agron, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Adu-Ampomah, Yaw] Cocoa Res Inst, Div Plant Breeding, New Tafo, Ghana. [Eskes, Albertus B.] Biovers Int, F-34397 Montpellier 5, France. [Schnell, Raymond J.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Aikpokpodion, PO (reprint author), Int Inst Trop Agr PMB, Cent Biotechnol Lab, Ibadan 5320, Nigeria. EM paikpokpodion@yahoo.com FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID); United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Mars Incorporated FX This study was carried out within the framework of Sustainable Tree Crops Program (STCP) project sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Mars Incorporated on the Assessment of Genetic Diversity in West African Cocoa Collections. The excellent field and laboratory assistance of Messrs. Raji LO, Efunla MS, Sunday Taiwo and useful suggestions from Drs. Ranjana Bhattarcharjee, Rob Lockwood (UK) and Eric Rosinquest (USDA), Kolawole Badaru (now Late) are gratefully acknowledged. We also thank the first two anonymous reviewers for their very useful comments. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1614-2942 J9 TREE GENET GENOMES JI Tree Genet. Genomes PD OCT PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 BP 699 EP 711 DI 10.1007/s11295-009-0221-1 PG 13 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture GA 489QM UT WOS:000269436200013 ER PT J AU Nelder, MP Reeves, WK Adler, PH Wozniak, A Wills, W AF Nelder, Mark P. Reeves, Will K. Adler, Peter H. Wozniak, Arthur Wills, William TI Ectoparasites and Associated Pathogens of Free-Roaming and Captive Animals in Zoos of South Carolina SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anaplasma; Bartonella; Exotic; Flea(s); Rickettsia; Tick(s); Zoonoses ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CITRATE SYNTHASE GENE; BARTONELLA-HENSELAE; RICKETTSIAL AGENTS; UNITED-STATES; SMALL MAMMALS; ACARI; FLEAS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION AB A survey of ectoparasites and their associated pathogens was conducted in two South Carolina zoos, from 2004 to 2007. Dead, wild birds and mammals, as well as captive animals examined during routine veterinary checks constituted the study populations. Ectoparasites were tested for species of Anaplasma, Bartonella, Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, and Trypanosoma. Forty-six species of ectoparasites were collected from 133 free-roaming and captive hosts and their associated nesting and bedding materials. Six vector-borne pathogens were detected molecularly in the ectoparasites, including Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the tick Ixodes dentatus Marx from an eastern cottontail rabbit, Bartonella clarridgeiae in the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche) from a Virginia opossum, Bartonella sp. Oh6 in the squirrel flea Orchopeas howardi (Baker) from an eastern grey squirrel, Bartonella sp. T7498 in the sucking louse Neohaematopinus sciuri Jancke from a squirrel, Rickettsia sp. Rf2125 in C. felis from a zookeeper and a grizzly bear, and Rickettsiales sp. Ib 2006 in Ixodes brunneus Koch from an American crow. While the pathology of some of these pathogens is poorly known, Anaplasma phagocytophilum (causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis) and Bartonella clarridgeiae (causative agent of a disease similar to cat-scratch disease) can infect humans. Ectoparasites and their pathogens, especially those originating from free-roaming animals, present a potential threat to captive animals and humans. C1 [Nelder, Mark P.; Adler, Peter H.; Wills, William] Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC USA. [Reeves, Will K.] USDA ARS ABADRL, Coll Agr, Laramie, WY USA. [Wozniak, Arthur] S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Bur Labs, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. RP Nelder, MP (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Vector Biol, 180 Jones Ave, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM mnelder@rci.rutgers.edu FU CSREES/USDA [SC-1700276] FX We appreciate the interest of personnel at the Greenville and Riverbanks Zoos in facilitating this study and in maintaining high standards of excellence in animal care. We thank AD Loftis, AW Fabian, and CY Kato for laboratory assistance and the outstanding staff of the zoos for help with collection of ectoparasites. We thank JO Whitaker, APG Dowling, and LA Durden for their assistance identifying ectoparasites. The use of trade names in this document does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of such commercial hardware or software. This document should not be cited for advertisement. This is Technical Contribution No. 5482 of the Clemson University Experiment Station, and is based on work supported by CSREES/USDA, under project number SC-1700276. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 23 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 EI 1557-7759 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 9 IS 5 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0008 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 507OO UT WOS:000270864200004 PM 18973443 ER PT J AU Vincent, AL Ma, WJ Lager, KM Gramer, MR Richt, JA Janke, BH AF Vincent, Amy L. Ma, Wenjun Lager, Kelly M. Gramer, Marie R. Richt, Juergen A. Janke, Bruce H. TI Characterization of a newly emerged genetic cluster of H1N1 and H1N2 swine influenza virus in the United States SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE Influenza A virus; Swine; H1N1; H1N2; Reassortment ID A VIRUSES; REASSORTANT H1N2; ORIGIN H1N1; PIGS; CANADA; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; SUBTYPE; REGIONS; PROTEIN AB H1 influenza A viruses that were distinct from the classical swine H1 lineage were identified in pigs in Canada in 2003-2004; antigenic and genetic characterization identified the hemagglutinin (HA) as human H1 lineage. The viruses identified in Canadian pigs were human lineage in entirety or double (human-swine) reassortants. Here, we report the whole genome sequence analysis of four human-like H1 viruses isolated from U.S. swine in 2005 and 2007. All four isolates were characterized as triple reassortants with an internal gene constellation similar to contemporary U.S. swine influenza virus (SIV), with HA and neuraminidase (NA) most similar to human influenza virus lineages. A 2007 human-like H1N1 was evaluated in a pathogenesis and transmission model and compared to a 2004 reassortant H1N1 SIV isolate with swine lineage HA and NA. The 2007 isolate induced disease typical of influenza virus and was transmitted to contact pigs; however, the kinetics and magnitude differed from the 2004 H1N1 SIV. This study indicates that the human-like H1 SIV can efficiently replicate and transmit in the swine host and now co-circulates with contemporary SIVs as a distinct genetic cluster of H1 SIV. C1 [Vincent, Amy L.; Ma, Wenjun; Lager, Kelly M.; Richt, Juergen A.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Ma, Wenjun; Janke, Bruce H.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA USA. [Gramer, Marie R.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vincent, AL (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM amy.vincent@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD OCT PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 176 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s11262-009-0386-6 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 521YY UT WOS:000271963800003 PM 19597980 ER PT J AU Wehtje, G Altland, JE Gilliam, CH AF Wehtje, Glenn Altland, James E. Gilliam, Charles H. TI Interaction of Glyphosate and Pelargonic Acid in Ready-to-Use Weed Control Products SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Herbicide efficacy; linear regression; nonlinear regression; synergism and antagonism ID AMMONIUM-SULFATE; HERBICIDE; GLUFOSINATE AB Glyphosate-based, ready-to-use weed control products often contain pelargonic acid (PA) at a concentration equivalent to that of the glyphosate. It remains unclear what benefit, if ally, this combination provides. Greenhouse experiments using large crabgrass, yellow nutsedge, longstalked phyllanthus, and prostrate spurge were conducted to determine whether the addition of PA improved weed control efficacy compared to glyphosate alone. Glyphosate was applied at a series of rates ranging from 0.11 to 1.12 kg ae/ha, either alone or with an equal rate of PA. Addition of PA to glyphosate was synergistic only in longstalked phyllanthus and yellow nutsedge, and this synergism was manifested only as an increase in the amount of early (i.e., 5 to 7 d after treatment) visual injury. Conversely, longer-term control and control of regrowth was either not affected or reduced by the addition of PA. We conclude that the addition of PA to glyphosate in ready-to-use weed control products is neither warranted nor justified. However, we also note that the increase in early injury that was observed in only two of the four species evaluated could be all important attribute for the consumers for which these products are targeted. C1 [Wehtje, Glenn; Gilliam, Charles H.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Altland, James E.] ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Wehtje, G (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM wehtjgr@auburn.edu NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 14 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 544 EP 549 DI 10.1614/WT-08-044.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 535SF UT WOS:000272990300010 ER PT J AU Cook, JC Charudattan, R Zimmerman, TW Rosskopf, EN Stall, WM MacDonald, GE AF Cook, Jennifer C. Charudattan, Raghavan Zimmerman, Thomas W. Rosskopf, Erin N. Stall, William M. MacDonald, Gregory E. TI Effects of Alternaria destruens, Glyphosate, and Ammonium Sulfate Individually and Integrated for Control of Dodder (Cuscuta pentagona) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alternative weed management; bioherbicide; biological control; dodder; herbicide ID ALFALFA MEDICAGO-SATIVA; HEMP SESBANIA; BIOHERBICIDE; GERMINATION; TRANSLOCATION; PESTICIDES; HERBICIDES; GROWTH; WHEAT AB Dodder is a serious parasitic weed in the crops in which it is a problem (particularly citrus). Alternaria destruens is the active ingredient in a registered bioherbicide for control of dodder species. In greenhouse studies, the treatments applied to citrus parasitized with field dodder were a nontreated control; oil at 7.5% v/v in water; ammonium sulfate at 0.125% w/v in water; glyphosate at 0.02 kg ae/L; A. destruens at 1.8 X 10(10) spores/L; A. destruens (1.8 X 10(10) spores/L) + oil at 7.5% v/v ill water; and a mixture oFA. destruens (1.8 X 10, spores/L) + oil at 7.5% v/v in water + glyphosate at 0.02 kg ae/L + ammonium sulfate 0.125% w/v (the mixture treatment). The highest disease or damage severity rating out of all treatments, measured as the area under the disease or damage progress curve (AUDPC), was obtained for the mixture treatment. By 35 d after treatment, all field dodder plants that received the Mixture treatment were dead but the host plant, citrus, was not. These results indicate the feasibility of integrating glyphosate, ammonium sulfate, and A. destruens to manage dodder. C1 [Cook, Jennifer C.; Charudattan, Raghavan] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zimmerman, Thomas W.] Univ Virgin Isl, Agr Expt Stn, Kingshill, VI 00850 USA. [Rosskopf, Erin N.] ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Stall, William M.] Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [MacDonald, Gregory E.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Cook, JC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, POB 110680, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM biocontrol@hotmail.com FU CSREES [P0016615] FX This research was funded in part by a CSREES-Special Programs TSTAR Grant No. P0016615 awarded to the University of Virgin Islands and University of Florida. We thank Sylvan Bioproducts, Inc., Kittanning, PA, for the Smolder (TM) used in this study and Dr. Thomas A. Bewick, USDA-CSREES-NPS, for helpful discussions on the use of Alternaria destniens. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 550 EP 555 DI 10.1614/WT-08-019.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 535SF UT WOS:000272990300011 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL AF Anderson, Randy L. TI Impact of Preceding Crop and Cultural Practices on Rye Growth in Winter Wheat SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Population dynamics; seed production; synergism; systems design ID WEED MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; ROTATION; YIELD; TILLAGE AB Improving crop vigor can Suppress growth of weeds present in the crop. This study examined the impact of preceding crop and cultural practices on rye growth in winter wheat. Preceding crops were soybean, spring wheat, and an oat/dry pea mixture. Two cultural treatments in winter wheat were also compared, referred to as conventional and competitive canopies. The competitive canopy differed from the conventional in that the seeding rate was 67% higher and starter fertilizer was handed with the seed. The study was conducted at Brookings, SD. Rye seed and biomass production differed fourfold among treatments, with winter wheat following oar/pea being most suppressive of rye growth. Rye produced 63 seeds/plant in winter wheat with a competitive canopy that followed oat/pea, contrasting with 273 seeds/plant in conventional winter wheat following spring wheat. Yield loss in winter wheat due to rye interference increased with rye biomass, but winter wheat was more tolerant of rye interference following oat/pea compared with the other preceding crops. Regression analysis indicated that winter wheat yield loss at the same rye biomass was threefold higher following spring wheat or soybean compared with oar/pea as a preceding crop. Winter wheat competitiveness and tolerance to rye can be improved by increasing the seeding rate, using a starter fertilizer, and growing winter wheat after an oat/pea mixture. C1 ARS, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM randy.anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 564 EP 568 DI 10.1614/WT-09-014.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 535SF UT WOS:000272990300013 ER PT J AU Burke, IC Reddy, KN Bryson, CT AF Burke, Ian C. Reddy, Krishna N. Bryson, Charles T. TI Pitted and Hybrid Morningglory Accessions Have Variable Tolerance to Glyphosate SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biotype; herbicide tolerance ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; IPOMOEA-LACUNOSA; WEED-CONTROL; POPULATIONS; ACID; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ACCUMULATION; EVOLUTION; HEDERACEA AB Two greenhouse studies were conducted to investigate the variability in tolerance to a sublethal dose of glyphosate among accessions of pitted morningglory, hybrid morningglory (a fertile hybrid between pitted and sharppod morningglory), and sharppod morningglory, collected from several states in the southern United States. The First study was conducted to evaluate the variability in tolerance to glyphosate among accessions. Glyphosate at 420 g ae/ha was applied to plants at the four- to five-leaf stage, and control (percent shoot fresh weight reduction) was determined 2 wk after treatment (WAT). Pitted morningglory response ranged from -9% (indicating no response to glyphosate) to 39% control. A similar trend was observed in hybrid morningglory. Control of two related species, cypressvine morningglory and red morningglory, averaged 40 and 29%, respectively, and was similar to control of the most susceptible pitted morningglory and hybrid morningglory accessions. Ivyleaf morningglory control was 9%. Sharppod morningglory control was highest (48%) among the morningglories studied. A second study was conducted to determine levels of tolerance to glyphosate based on GR(50) (dose required to cause a 50% reduction in plant growth) in 10 accessions that were least to most sensitive to glyphosate (7 pitted, 2 hybrid, and 1 sharppod morningglory). Glyphosate GR(50) doses ranged from 0.65 to 1.23 kg/ha, a two-fold variability in tolerance to glyphosate among the 7 pitted morningglory accessions. Increasing levels of tolerance were associated With the absence of a leaf notch. These results indicate the existence of variable tolerance to a sublethal dose of glyphosate among accessions of pitted morningglory. C1 [Burke, Ian C.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Reddy, Krishna N.; Bryson, Charles T.] ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Burke, IC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Johnson Hall 201, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM icburke@wsu.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 592 EP 598 DI 10.1614/WT-09-028.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 535SF UT WOS:000272990300018 ER PT J AU Thompson, MT AF Thompson, Michael T. TI Analysis of Conifer Mortality in Colorado Using Forest Inventory and Analysis's Annual Forest Inventory SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest inventory; FIA; conifer; mortality; bark beetles AB Aerial detection surveys indicate that widespread conifer mortality has been steadily increasing in Colorado, particularly since 2002. The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) annual inventory system began in Colorado in 2002, which coincided with the onset of elevated conifer mortality rates. The current mortality event coupled with collection of 6 years of annual inventory data provided an opportunity to test the usefulness of the FIA annual inventory system for quantifying rapid change in the conifer resource over a large geographic area. The estimate of conifer mortality during the 2002-2007 period indicated an average of 44 million trees that died each year, which represents more than twice the average recorded in the 1997-2002 period. The estimate of insect-killed lodgepole pine averaged 10.5 million trees during the 2002-2007 period, which represents a 10-fold increase compared with the estimate recorded for the 1997-2002 mortality period. C1 US Forest Serv Forest Inventory & Anal, Forest Invetory & Anal Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden Forestry Sci Lab, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Thompson, MT (reprint author), US Forest Serv Forest Inventory & Anal, Forest Invetory & Anal Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden Forestry Sci Lab, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM mtthompson@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 512DC UT WOS:000271222600004 ER PT J AU Sullivan, AA McGaughey, RJ Andersen, HE Schiess, P AF Sullivan, Alicia A. McGaughey, Robert J. Andersen, Hans-Erik Schiess, Peter TI Object-Oriented Classification of Forest Structure from Light Detection and Ranging Data for Stand Mapping SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE LIDAR; light defection and ranging; forest classification; object-oriented image segmentation; supervised classification; stand mapping ID AIRBORNE SCANNING LASER; DELINEATION; IMAGES; LIDAR AB Stand delineation is an important step in the process of establishing a forest inventory and provides the spatial framework for many forest management decisions. Many methods for extracting forest structure characteristics for stand delineation and other purposes have been researched in the post, primarily focusing on high-resolution imagery and satellite data. High-resolution airborne loser scanning offers new opportunities for evaluating forests and conducting forest inventory. This study investigates the use of information derived from light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data as a potential tool for delineation of forest structure to create stand maps. Delineation methods are developed and tested using data sets collected over the Blue Ridge study site near Olympia, Washington. The methodology developed delineates forest areas using LIDAR data and object-oriented image segmentation and supervised classification. Error matrices indicate classification accuracies with a kappa hot values of 78 and 84% for 1999 and 2003 data sets, respectively. C1 [Sullivan, Alicia A.; Schiess, Peter] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [McGaughey, Robert J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Silviculture & Forest Models Team, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Andersen, Hans-Erik] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn Forest & Anal, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Sullivan, AA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, POB 352100, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. EM as14@u.washington.edu FU Bureau of Land Management; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank the Bureau of Land Management for funding of this project, as well as the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and Washington State Department of Natural Resources for use of the Blue Ridge study site data. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 198 EP 204 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 512DC UT WOS:000271222600005 ER PT J AU Kline, JD Moses, A Azuma, D Gray, A AF Kline, Jeffrey D. Moses, Alissa Azuma, David Gray, Andrew TI Evaluating Satellite Imagery-Based Land Use Data for Describing Forestland Development in Western Washington SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE land use change; forestland development; wildland-urban interface; Landsat ID POPULATION-GROWTH; URBANIZATIONS IMPACT; UNITED-STATES; URBAN SPRAWL; LANDSCAPE; OREGON; TIMBER; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE; RANGE AB Forestry professionals ore concerned about how forestlands are affected by residential and other development. To address those concerns, researchers must find appropriate data with which to describe and evaluate rates and patterns of forestland development and the impact of development on the management of remaining forestlands. We examine land use data gathered from Landsat imagery for western Washington and evaluate its usefulness for characterizing low-density development of forestland. We evaluate the accuracy of the satellite imagery-based land use classifications by comparing them with other data from US Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis inventories and the US census. We then use the data to estimate an econometric model describing development as a function of socioeconomic and topographic factors and project future rates of development and forestland loss to 2020. We conclude by discussing how best to meet the land use data needs of researchers, forestry policymakers, and managers. C1 [Kline, Jeffrey D.; Moses, Alissa; Azuma, David; Gray, Andrew] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kline, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jkline@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, Portland, OR FX Funding for this study was provided by the US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, Portland, OR. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 214 EP 222 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 512DC UT WOS:000271222600007 ER PT J AU Rayamajhi, MB Pratt, PD Center, TD Tipping, PW Van, TK AF Rayamajhi, Min B. Pratt, Paul D. Center, Ted D. Tipping, Philip W. Van, Thai K. TI Decline in exotic tree density facilitates increased plant diversity: the experience from Melaleuca quinquenervia invaded wetlands SO WETLANDS ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Basal area; Biological control; Family importance value; Invasive plants; Natural enemies; Psyllid; Rust fungus; Species diversity; Weed; Weevil ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; INTRODUCED NATURAL ENEMIES; OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; INVASIVE TREE; SOUTH FLORIDA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; FIELD COLONIZATION; PUCCINIA-PSIDII; TROPICAL FOREST AB The Australian tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (melaleuca) formed dense monocultural forests several decades after invading parts of Florida and the Caribbean islands. These dominant forests have displaced native vegetation in sensitive wetland systems. We hypothesized that native plant diversity would increase following recent reductions in density of mature melaleuca stands in south Florida. We therefore examined data on changes in melaleuca densities and plant species diversity derived from permanent plots that were monitored from 1997 to 2005. These plots were located within mature melaleuca stands in nonflooded and seasonally-flooded habitats. Two host-specific biological control agents of melaleuca, Oxyops vitiosa and Boreioglycaspis melaleucae, were introduced during 1997 and 2002, respectively. Also, an adventive rust fungus Puccinia psidii and lobate-lac scale Paratachardina pesudolobata became abundant during the latter part of the study period. Overall melaleuca density declines in current study coincided with two to four fold increases in plant species diversity. The greatest declines in melaleuca density as well as the greatest increases in family importance values and species diversity indices occurred in nonflooded as compared to seasonally-flooded habitats. Most pioneer plant species in study sites belonged to Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and Ulmaceae. The rapid reduction in melaleuca density and canopy cover during the study period may be attributed to self-thinning accelerated by the negative impact of natural enemies. Densities of other woody plants, particularly Myrica and Myrsine, which were sparsely represented in the understory by a few suppressed individuals also declined during the same period, possibly due to infestation by the generalist lac-scale. These findings indicate that natural-enemy accelerated self-thinning of melaleuca densities is positively influencing the native plant diversity and facilitating the partial rehabilitation of degraded habitats. C1 [Rayamajhi, Min B.; Pratt, Paul D.; Center, Ted D.; Tipping, Philip W.; Van, Thai K.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Rayamajhi, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM min.rayamajhi@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4861 EI 1572-9834 J9 WETL ECOL MANAG JI Wetl. Ecol. Manag. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 17 IS 5 BP 455 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s11273-008-9123-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 499CR UT WOS:000270194800003 ER PT J AU Moya, L Tze, WTY Winandy, JE AF Moya, Laura Tze, William T. Y. Winandy, Jerrold E. TI THE EFFECT OF CYCLIC RELATIVE HUMIDITY CHANGES ON MOISTURE CONTENT AND THICKNESS SWELLING BEHAVIOR OF ORIENTED STRANDBOARD SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fire-impacted wood; oriented strandboard; cyclic humidity exposure; thickness swelling modeling ID RESPONSE CURVES; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; PART 2; WOOD; COMPOSITES; CHIPBOARD; DIFFUSION; EXPOSURE; BEAMS AB This study examines the effect of cyclic RH exposure on MC and thickness swelling (TS) of oriented strandboard (OSB) made from fire-impacted trees. Two specimens were cut from the center of each OSB panel and one was edge-sealed. After being conditioned to 65% RH, specimens were placed in a climate-controlled chamber and subjected to three cyclic changes of 90 - 30% RH at 20 degrees C. Experimental data were characterized by three time-dependent MC or TS models: logarithmic, power law, and exponential. The latter two models gave the best fits showing that edge-sealing reduced the extent of swelling during adsorption and reduced the Moisture loss at desorption. The models also described the effect of burnt level and bark throughout the humidity exposure cycles. The exponential model revealed no significant effect of burnt level oil the panel TS. Both the power law and exponential models indicated that addition of charred bark to the panels significantly decreased the maximum amount of moisture and thickness change. The exponential model revealed an increase in equilibrium TS at the end of each RH cycle compared with the end of precyclic desorption. True nonrecoverable TS was difficult to discern in Cycle I because of moisture hysteresis, but the nonrecoverable effect was evident in Cycles 2 and 3. C1 [Moya, Laura] Univ ORT Uruguay, Sch Architecture, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Moya, Laura; Tze, William T. Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55113 USA. [Winandy, Jerrold E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Moya, L (reprint author), Univ ORT Uruguay, Sch Architecture, Montevideo, Uruguay. EM moya@ort.edu.uy NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 447 EP 460 PG 14 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 509SR UT WOS:000271039200013 ER PT J AU Tomer, MD Schilling, KE AF Tomer, Mark D. Schilling, Keith E. TI A simple approach to distinguish land-use and climate-change effects on watershed hydrology SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ecohydrology; Climate change; Land use change; Gulf of Mexico hypoxia; Watershed analysis; US Midwest ID DEEP-LOESS SOILS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; UNITED-STATES; NITRATE-NITROGEN; AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES; STREAMFLOW TRENDS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; IOWA; BASEFLOW; MANAGEMENT AB Impacts of climate change on watershed hydrology are subtle compared to cycles of drought and surplus precipitation (PPT), and difficult to separate from effects of land-use change. In the US Midwest, increasing baseflow has been more attributed to increased annual cropping than climate change. The agricultural changes have led to increased fertilizer use and nutrient losses, contributing to Gulf of Mexico hypoxia. In a 25-yr, small-watershed experiment in Iowa, when annual hydrologic budgets were accrued between droughts, a coupled water-energy budget (ecohydrologic) analysis showed effects of tillage and climate on hydrology could be distinguished. The fraction of PPT discharged increased with conservation tillage and time. However, unsatisfied evaporative demand (PET - Hargreaves method) increased under conservation tillage, but decreased with time. A conceptual model was developed and a similar analysis conducted on long-term (>1920s) records from four large, agricultural Midwest watersheds underlain by fine-grained tills. At least three of four watersheds showed decreases in PET, and increases in PPT, discharge, baseflow and PPT:PET ratios (p < 0.10). An analysis of covariance showed the fraction of precipitation discharged increased, while unsatisfied evaporative demand decreased with time among the four watersheds (p < 0.001). Within watersheds, agricultural changes were associated with ecohydrologic shifts that affected timing and significance, but not direction, of these trends. Thus, an ecohydrologic concept derived from small-watershed research, when regionally applied, suggests climate change has increased discharge from Midwest watersheds, especially since the 1970s. By inference, climate change has increased susceptibility of nutrients to water transport, exacerbating Gulf of Mexico hypoxia. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tomer, Mark D.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Schilling, Keith E.] Iowa Geol Survey Bur, Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Tomer, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark.tomer@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 99 Z9 106 U1 7 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 376 IS 1-2 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.07.029 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 506FK UT WOS:000270759400003 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Tsai, CH Martin, RR Dreher, TW AF Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. Tsai, Ching-Hsiu Martin, Robert R. Dreher, Theo W. TI A tymovirus with an atypical 3 '-UTR illuminates the possibilities for 3 '-UTR evolution SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tymoviridae; Recombination; Chimera; 3 '-UTR structure; 3 '-UTR evolution ID YELLOW-MOSAIC-VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RNA-LIKE STRUCTURE; MINUS-STRAND SYNTHESIS; VIRAL-RNA; IN-VITRO; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PROTONATABLE HAIRPINS; INITIATION CODONS; PLANT-VIRUSES AB We report the complete genome sequence of Dulcamara mottle virus (DuMV), confirming its membership within the Tymovirus genus, which was previously based on physical and pathology evidence. The 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and coding region of DuMV RNA have the typical characteristics of tymoviral RNAs. In contrast, the 3'-UTR is the longest and most unusual yet reported for a tymovirus, possessing an internal poly(A) tract, lacking a 3'-tRNA-like structure (TLS) and terminating at the 3'-end with -UUC instead of the typical -CC(A). An expressible cDNA clone was constructed and shown to be capable of producing infectious DuMV genomic RNAs with -UUC 3'-termini. A chimeric Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) genome bearing the DuMV 3'-UTR in place of the normal TLS was constructed in order to investigate the ability of the TYMV replication proteins to amplify RNAs with -UUC instead of -CC(A) 3'-termini. The chimeric genome was shown to be capable of replication and systemic spread in plants, although amplification was very limited. These experiments suggest the way in which DuMV may have evolved from a typical tymovirus, and illuminate the ways in which viral 3'-UTRs in general can evolve. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Tzanetakis, Ioannis E.; Dreher, Theo W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tsai, Ching-Hsiu] Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Grad Inst Biotechnol, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. [Martin, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Dreher, Theo W.] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Genome Res & Biocomp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dreher, TW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM theo.dreher@oregonstate.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 FU NSF [MCB-0235563]; Oregon State University College of Agricultural Sciences; Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was supported by NSF grant MCB-0235563 awarded to T. W.D. and by the Oregon State University College of Agricultural Sciences and by start-up funds provided by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station to I.E.T. We would like to thank Joshua Powell for electron microscopy. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 30 PY 2009 VL 392 IS 2 BP 238 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.041 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 499SZ UT WOS:000270247300011 PM 19664793 ER PT J AU Ahmad, SM Haskell, MJ Raqib, R Stephensen, CB AF Ahmad, Shaikh M. Haskell, Marjorie J. Raqib, Rubhana Stephensen, Charles B. TI Vitamin A status is associated with T-cell responses in Bangladeshi men SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Vitamin A; Vitamin A stores; [(2)H]retinol dilution; T-cell phenotypes; T helper type 1 and 2 cytokines; RDA ID ACTIVATION-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; RETINOIC ACID; TH2 DEVELOPMENT; IMMUNE FUNCTION; UP-REGULATION; SUPPLEMENTATION; LYMPHOCYTES; RECEPTOR; THYMOCYTES AB Recommendations for vitamin A intake are based on maintaining liver stores of >= 0.070 mu mol/g, which is sufficient to maintain normal vision. We propose that higher levels may be required to maintain normal immune function. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an 8-week residential study among thirty-six healthy Bangladeshi men with low vitamin A stores. Subjects were randomised to receive vitamin A (240 mg in four doses) or placebo during study weeks 2 and 3. Vitamin A stores were estimated by isotopic dilution at week 8. Total T-cells, the naive T-cells:memory T-cells ratio and mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation were positively and significantly correlated with vitamin A stores (P<0.05). Mitogen-stimulated IL-2, IL-4 and TNF alpha increased significantly (P<0-05) in the vitamin A but not placebo group after supplementation, while IL-10 production was significantly and negatively correlated with vitamin A stores (P<0.05). Segmented linear regression analysis revealed that naive T-cell counts and T-cell blastogenesis were positively associated with vitamin A stores above but not below 0.070 mu mol/g liver. These data show that increasing vitamin A stores above the level that maintains normal vision enhances some measures of T-cell-mediated immunity, suggesting a difference in requirements for maintaining vision and immune function. C1 [Ahmad, Shaikh M.; Haskell, Marjorie J.; Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Program Int & Community Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ahmad, Shaikh M.; Raqib, Rubhana] Bangladesh ICDDR B, Immunol Lab, Div Sci Lab, Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Program Int & Community Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cstephen@whnrc.usda.gov OI Raqib, Rubhana/0000-0002-8116-4511 FU US Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System (CRIS) [5306-51530-013-00D]; ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh [58-5306-4-034F]; Fogarty International Center [D43 TW01267]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development FX There are no conflicts of interest for all sources of funding and the contribution of each author to the manuscript. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD SEP 28 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 797 EP 802 DI 10.1017/S0007114509316165 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 502ZD UT WOS:000270498800002 PM 19747427 ER PT J AU Kim, J Woodhouse, LR King, JC Welch, RM Li, SJ Paik, HY Joung, H AF Kim, Jihye Woodhouse, Leslie R. King, Janet C. Welch, Ross M. Li, Shan Ji Paik, Hee Young Joung, Hyojee TI Relationships between faecal phytate and mineral excretion depend on dietary phytate and age SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Dietary phytate; Degradation; Mineral excretion; Age ID PHYTIC ACID INTERACTIONS; SOYBEAN PROTEIN ISOLATE; ELDERLY KOREAN WOMEN; ZINC-ABSORPTION; IRON-ABSORPTION; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; MALAWIAN CHILDREN; SMALL-INTESTINE; STABLE-ISOTOPE; YOUNG AB We investigated the adverse effect of phytate on mineral absorption and the effect of dietary phytate and age on the relationship between faecal phytate and faecal mineral excretion. Fourteen young women (aged 19-24 years) and fourteen elderly women (64-75 years) were studied for two metabolic periods (MP). In MPI, the Subjects consumed a controlled high-phytate (HP) diet for 10d; in MP2, they were on a low-phytate (LP) diet for 10d. In each period, diet samples and complete faecal samples for 5d were collected to analyse phytate and mineral contents. Mineral concentrations in diet and faeces were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between faecal phytate and mineral excretion. The degradation rate of dietary phytate was about 77% for young women, which was significantly lower than that of elderly women (86%) (P<0.05). Faecal phytate excretion was positively correlated with mineral excretion (Ca, P, Fe and Zn) in both the HP and LP diet groups in young women (P<0.05). The linear relationship tended to be greater during the LP diet period compared with the HP diet period in young women. However, no association was found between phytate excretion and mineral excretion in elderly women. In summary, undegraded dietary phytate (10-20%) had a negative effect on mineral absorption in young women, and the relationship between faecal phytate and mineral excretion was affected by both dietary phytate and age. C1 [Joung, Hyojee] Seoul Natl Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Seoul 110799, South Korea. [Joung, Hyojee] Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Hlth & Environm, Seoul 110799, South Korea. [Kim, Jihye] Daegu Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Gyeongbuk 712714, South Korea. [Woodhouse, Leslie R.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [King, Janet C.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Welch, Ross M.] Cornell Univ, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Li, Shan Ji] Jilin Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Paik, Hee Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Joung, H (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Seoul 110799, South Korea. EM hjjoung@snu.ac.kr FU Korea Research Foundation (KRF) [2001-003-D00119] FX The present study was funded by the Korea Research Foundation (KRF 2001-003-D00119). The study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Committee on Human Research of the College of Human Ecology at Seoul National University and the Davis Office of Human Research Protection at the University of California. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.; J. K. contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data, and manuscript preparation. L. R. W. and J. C. K. were involved in coordinating the study and contributed to the study design. R. M. W. was involved in data collection and analysis. S. J. L. was the data manager and was also involved in data collection. H. Y. P. was the principal investigator at the early phase of the study and was involved in the study design. H. J. was responsible for all the process of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.; The authors declare that they have no competing interests. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD SEP 28 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 835 EP 841 DI 10.1017/S0007114509289057 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 502ZD UT WOS:000270498800006 PM 19267950 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Cooke, PH AF Fishman, Marshall L. Cooke, Peter H. TI The structure of high-methoxyl sugar acid gels of citrus pectin as determined by AFM SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Pectin; Networks; Sugar acid gels; AFM, structure; Gel strength ID ORANGE ALBEDO; EXTRACTION; COSOLUTES; BEHAVIOR; GELATION; BINDING AB Images of native high-methoxyl sugar acid gels (HMSAGs) were obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the Tapping Mode (TM). Electronic thinning of the pectin strands to one-pixel wide allowed the pectin network to be viewed in the absence of variable strand widths related to preferentially solvated sugar. Thinned images revealed that HMSAGs of pectin comprise a partially cross-linked network, in that many of the cross-linking moieties are attached at only one end. Based on their structural similarities, aggregated pectin in water appears to be a fluid precursor of a HMSAG of pectin. Furthermore, examination of AFM images revealed that gels with 'uniform' distribution of strands and pores between strands had higher gel strengths than gels in which strands were non-uniformly distributed and were separated by large and small spaces. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fishman, Marshall L.; Cooke, Peter H.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fishman, ML (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM marshall.fishman@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD SEP 28 PY 2009 VL 344 IS 14 BP 1792 EP 1797 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2008.09.031 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 506IT UT WOS:000270769200004 PM 19111283 ER PT J AU Sibley, LD Khan, A Ajioka, JW Rosenthal, BM AF Sibley, L. David Khan, Asis Ajioka, James W. Rosenthal, Benjamin M. TI Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in animals and humans SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE population genetics; clonality; pathogenesis; recombination; toxoplasmosis ID FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MULTILOCUS PCR-RFLP; INDUCED MURINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; TISSUE CYST FORMATION; UNITED-STATES; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE AB Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most widespread parasites of domestic, wild, and companion animals, and it also commonly infects humans. Toxoplasma gondii has a complex life cycle. Sexual development occurs only in the cat gut, while asexual replication occurs in many vertebrate hosts. These features combine to create an unusual population structure. The vast majority of strains in North America and Europe fall into three recently derived, clonal lineages known as types I, II and III. Recent studies have revealed that South American strains are more genetically diverse and comprise distinct genotypes. These differences have been shaped by infrequent sexual recombination, population sweeps and biogeography. The majority of human infections that have been studied in North America and Europe are caused by type II strains, which are also common in agricultural animals from these regions. In contrast, several diverse genotypes of T. gondii are associated with severe infections in humans in South America. Defining the population structure of T. gondii from new regions has important implications for transmission, immunogenicity and pathogenesis. C1 [Sibley, L. David; Khan, Asis] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Ajioka, James W.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Pathol, Cambridge CB2 1QP, England. [Rosenthal, Benjamin M.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sibley, LD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, 660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM sibley@borcim.wsutl.edu OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 FU National Institutes of Health; Wellcome Trust; United States Department of Agriculture FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health, the Wellcome Trust and the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 136 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 27 PY 2009 VL 364 IS 1530 BP 2749 EP 2761 DI 10.1098/rstb.2009.0087 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 483PA UT WOS:000268978500010 PM 19687043 ER PT J AU Torkzaban, S Walker, SL Bradford, SA AF Torkzaban, Saeed Walker, Sharon L. Bradford, Scott A. TI Reply to comment by William P. Johnson et al. on "Transport and fate of bacteria in porous media: Coupled effects of chemical conditions and pore space geometry'' SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; DLVO INTERACTIONS; SURFACE; ADHESION; PREDICTION; FORCE; MODEL; FLOW; REENTRAINMENT C1 [Torkzaban, Saeed] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Torkzaban, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM scott.bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Torkzaban, Saeed/G-7377-2013 OI Torkzaban, Saeed/0000-0002-5146-9461 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 25 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W09604 DI 10.1029/2008WR007576 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 499RV UT WOS:000270243500004 ER PT J AU Gessler, DDG Schiltz, GS May, GD Avraham, S Town, CD Grant, D Nelson, RT AF Gessler, Damian D. G. Schiltz, Gary S. May, Greg D. Avraham, Shulamit Town, Christopher D. Grant, David Nelson, Rex T. TI SSWAP: A Simple Semantic Web Architecture and Protocol for semantic web services SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID EUROPEAN-BIOINFORMATICS-INSTITUTE AB Background: SSWAP (Simple Semantic Web Architecture and Protocol; pronounced "swap") is an architecture, protocol, and platform for using reasoning to semantically integrate heterogeneous disparate data and services on the web. SSWAP was developed as a hybrid semantic web services technology to overcome limitations found in both pure web service technologies and pure semantic web technologies. Results: There are currently over 2400 resources published in SSWAP. Approximately two dozen are custom-written services for QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) and mapping data for legumes and grasses (grains). The remaining are wrappers to Nucleic Acids Research Database and Web Server entries. As an architecture, SSWAP establishes how clients (users of data, services, and ontologies), providers (suppliers of data, services, and ontologies), and discovery servers (semantic search engines) interact to allow for the description, querying, discovery, invocation, and response of semantic web services. As a protocol, SSWAP provides the vocabulary and semantics to allow clients, providers, and discovery servers to engage in semantic web services. The protocol is based on the W3C-sanctioned first-order description logic language OWL DL. As an open source platform, a discovery server running at http://sswap.info (as in to "swap info") uses the description logic reasoner Pellet to integrate semantic resources. The platform hosts an interactive guide to the protocol at http://sswap.info/protocol.jsp, developer tools at http://sswap.info/developer.jsp, and a portal to third-party ontologies at http://sswapmeet.sswap.info (a "swap meet"). Conclusion: SSWAP addresses the three basic requirements of a semantic web services architecture (i.e., a common syntax, shared semantic, and semantic discovery) while addressing three technology limitations common in distributed service systems: i.e., i)the fatal mutability of traditional interfaces, ii) the rigidity and fragility of static subsumption hierarchies, and iii) the confounding of content, structure, and presentation. SSWAP is novel by establishing the concept of a canonical yet mutable OWL DL graph that allows data and service providers to describe their resources, to allow discovery servers to offer semantically rich search engines, to allow clients to discover and invoke those resources, and to allow providers to respond with semantically tagged data. SSWAP allows for a mix-and-match of terms from both new and legacy third-party ontologies in these graphs. C1 [Gessler, Damian D. G.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schiltz, Gary S.; May, Greg D.] Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Avraham, Shulamit] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Town, Christopher D.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Grant, David; Nelson, Rex T.] USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Grant, David; Nelson, Rex T.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gessler, DDG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, 1657 E Helen St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dgessler@iplantcollaborative.org; gary.schiltz@gmail.com; gdm@ncgr.org; shuly@cshl.edu; cdtown@jcvi.org; david.grant@ars.usda.gov; Rex.Nelson@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0516487]; NSF Plant Cyberinfrastructure Program [EF-0735191]; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Specific Cooperative Agreement [3625-21000-038-01] FX We thank Doreen Ware of Gramene and Lincoln Stein as co-PI for support. We also thank Andrew Farmer, Selene Virk, Jun Zhuang, and Prateek Gangwal for software development contributions. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant #0516487, the NSF Plant Cyberinfrastructure Program (# EF-0735191), and by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Specific Cooperative Agreement 3625-21000-038-01. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 309 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-10-309 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 510UT UT WOS:000271118900003 PM 19775460 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Brine, CJ AF Tunick, Michael H. Brine, Charles J. TI One Hundred Years of the Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 [Tunick, Michael H.] ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Brine, Charles J.] Charles J Brine Associates, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Michael.Tunick@ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 18 BP 8063 EP 8069 DI 10.1021/jf803079x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 493OS UT WOS:000269747500001 PM 19719136 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH AF Tunick, Michael H. TI Dairy Innovations over the Past 100 Years SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Milk; safety; cheese ID HISTORICAL ASPECTS; CASEIN MICELLE; COWS MILK; YOGURT; CHEESE AB The dairy industry in the United States has undergone many changes over the past century. Adulteration and contamination of milk were rampant before the passage and enforcement of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, and the introduction and eventual acceptance of certified and pasteurized milk have provided consumers with a consistently safe product. Homogenization and advances in the packaging and transport of milk gradually took hold, improving the milk supply. Other developments included the concentration of milk and whey, lactose-reduced milk, and the popularization of yogurt. Consumers have benefited from advances in butter packaging, low-fat ice cream, cheese manufacture, and yogurt technology, which has helped create the large demand for dairy products in the United States. Current trends and issues, including the increasing popularity of organic and artisanal products and the use of rBST, will shape the future of the dairy industry. C1 ARS, Dairy Proc Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), ARS, Dairy Proc Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Michael.Tunick@ars.usda.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 65 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 18 BP 8093 EP 8097 DI 10.1021/jf804059v PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 493OS UT WOS:000269747500005 PM 19719132 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Sharma, BK Doll, KM Erhan, SZ Willett, JL Cheng, HN AF Biswas, Atanu Sharma, Brajendra K. Doll, Kenneth M. Erhan, Sevim Z. Willett, Julious L. Cheng, H. N. TI Synthesis of an Amine-Oleate Derivative Using an Ionic Liquid Catalyst SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Epoxidized methyl oleate; aniline; branched oleochemical; lubrication fluid ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; SOYBEAN OIL; VEGETABLE-OILS; CYCLIC ACETALS; METHYL OLEATE; EPOXIDATION; OXIDATION; ESTER; ESTERIFICATION AB A facile (and environmentally friendly) reaction between epoxidized methyl oleate and aniline to produce an oleate-aniline adduct, without the formation of fatty amide, was discovered. This reaction was carried out neat, with a catalytic amount of an ionic liquid. No solvent was used, no byproducts were produced, and the ionic liquid could be recovered and recycled. The reaction products were fully characterized by NMR and GC-MS. C1 [Biswas, Atanu; Willett, Julious L.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.; Doll, Kenneth M.] ARS, Food & Ind Oil Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Erhan, Sevim Z.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Cheng, H. N.] Ashland Hercules Water Technol, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. RP Biswas, A (reprint author), ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Atanu.biswas@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 18 BP 8136 EP 8141 DI 10.1021/jf901401s PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 493OS UT WOS:000269747500011 PM 19719124 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ Stanley, DW AF Petroski, Richard J. Stanley, David W. TI Natural Compounds for Pest and Weed Control SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Pyrethrins; caffeine; azadirachtin; allelopathic agents; phytoalexins; spinosyns; loline alkaloids; pheromones; prostaglandins ID ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; LOLINE ALKALOIDS; ALDEHYDE HOMOLOGATION; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY; DIORHABDA-ELONGATA; SYNTHETIC ANALOGS; NAVEL ORANGEWORM; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR AB The control of insect pests and invasive weeds has become more species-selective because of activity-guided isolation, structure elucidation, and total synthesis of naturally produced substances with important biological activities. Examples of isolated compounds include insect pheromones, antifeedants, and prostaglandins, as well as growth regulators for plants and insects. Synthetic analogues of natural substances have been prepared to explore the relationships between chemical structure and observed biological activity. Recent scientific advances have resulted from better methods for the chemical synthesis of target compounds and better analytical methods. The capability of analytical instrumentation continues to advance rapidly, enabling new insights. C1 [Petroski, Richard J.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Stanley, David W.] ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Petroski, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Richard.Petroski@ars.usda.gov NR 99 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 18 BP 8171 EP 8179 DI 10.1021/jf803828w PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 493OS UT WOS:000269747500014 PM 19719128 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Kays, SE AF Kim, Yookyung Kays, Sandra E. TI Near-infrared (NIR) Prediction of trans-Fatty Acids in Ground Cereal Foods SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NIR; near infrared; trans-fatty acid; cis-fatty acid; cereal products; foods; total fat ID LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; RAPID-DETERMINATION; EDIBLE OILS; SPECTROSCOPY; HEALTH; CIS AB Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was evaluated as a rapid method for prediction of trans-fatty acid content in ground cereal products without the need for oil extraction. NIR spectra (400-2498 nm) of ground cereal products were obtained with a dispersive NIR spectrometer and correlated to trans- and cis-fatty acid content determined by a modification of AOAC Method 996.01. Partial least-squares regression and Marten's uncertainty test were applied to calculate models for prediction of trans-fatty acids using spectral regions affected by lipid absorption. The best model (n=84) for trans-fat prediction used the 700-2498 nm region and second-derivative processing of spectra. When used to predict test samples (n=27) the model had an RPD of 4.8 with a standard error of performance of 0.70% (range of 0.05-11.74%) and r(2) of 0.97. Optimum models for cis-fatty acids were developed with the 1100-2498 and 700-2498 nm ranges and had an RPD of 4.0. Regression coefficients indicated that useful absorbance for prediction of trans- and cis-fatty acids was in the overtone and combination regions for lipid absorption. C1 [Kays, Sandra E.] ARS, USDA, Dept Agr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Kim, Yookyung] Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Kays, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dept Agr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM sandrakays@mac.com NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 18 BP 8187 EP 8193 DI 10.1021/jf900299k PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 493OS UT WOS:000269747500016 PM 19697913 ER PT J AU Bialonska, D Kasimsetty, SG Schrader, KK Ferreira, D AF Bialonska, Dobroslawa Kasimsetty, Sashi G. Schrader, Kevin K. Ferreira, Daneel TI The Effect of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Byproducts and Ellagitannins on the Growth of Human Gut Bacteria SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Punica granatum L.; byproduct; punicalagins; punicalins; ellagic acid; gallic acid; intestin pathogens probiotics ID INTESTINAL BACTERIA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; JUICE CONSUMPTION; ELLAGIC ACID; HUMAN PLASMA; IN-VITRO; POLYPHENOLS; HEALTH; ANTIOXIDANT; MICROFLORA AB The consumption of pomegranate products leads to a significant accumulation of ellagitannins in the large intestines here they interact with com le gut microflora his study in estigated the effect of pomegranate tannin constituents on the growth of various species of human gut bacteria Our results showed that pomegranate y products and unicalagins inhibited the growth of pathogenic clostridia and Staphyloccocus aureus. Probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria were generally not affected y ellagitannins while relatively small growth inhibitior, y ellagic acid likely resulted from decreasing media duality due to the formation of tannin-protein complexes. The effect of pomegranate ellagitannins on Bifido bacteria as species and tannin dependent The growth of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis was slightly inhibited by punicalagins, punicalins, and ellagic acid supplementation significantly enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium, infantis. C1 [Bialonska, Dobroslawa; Kasimsetty, Sashi G.; Ferreira, Daneel] Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. [Ferreira, Daneel] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, University, MS 38677 USA. [Schrader, Kevin K.] ARS, NPURU, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bialonska, Dobroslawa] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Environm Sci, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland. RP Ferreira, D (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. EM dferreir@olemiss.edu NR 32 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 18 BP 8344 EP 8349 DI 10.1021/jf901931b PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 493OS UT WOS:000269747500038 PM 19705832 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Tilley, M Bean, S Sun, XS Wang, DH AF Wang, Ying Tilley, Michael Bean, Scott Sun, X. Susan Wang, Donghai TI Comparison of Methods for Extracting Kafirin Proteins from Sorghum Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DDGS; DSC; extraction; FTIR; kafirin; LCE; protein RP-HPLC; sorghum; SEC; TGA ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ETHANOL FERMENTATION; GLASS-TRANSITION; ZEIN; DIGESTIBILITY; ENDOSPERM; MAIZE; FILMS; CORN; FRACTIONS C1 [Wang, Ying; Wang, Donghai] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Tilley, Michael] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Sun, X. Susan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Biomat & Technol Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 18 BP 8366 EP 8372 DI 10.1021/jf901713w PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 493OS UT WOS:000269747500041 PM 19754169 ER PT J AU Liu, LS Jin, TZ Coffin, DR Hicks, KB AF Liu, Linshu Jin, Tony Z. Coffin, David R. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Preparation of Antimicrobial Membranes: Coextrusion of Poly(lactic acid) and Nisaplin in the Presence of Plasticizers SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Poly(lactic acid) (PLA); nisin (Nisaplin); extrusion; antimicrobial; packaging; membranes ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; PACKAGING MATERIALS; NISIN; FILMS; INHIBITION; SURFACE; BACTERIOCINS; PERFORMANCE; SALMONELLA; POLYMER C1 [Liu, Linshu; Jin, Tony Z.; Coffin, David R.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, LS (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Linshu.liu@ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 18 BP 8392 EP 8398 DI 10.1021/jf902213w PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 493OS UT WOS:000269747500045 PM 19715335 ER PT J AU Rudell, DR Mattheis, JP Hertog, MLATM AF Rudell, David R. Mattheis, James P. Hertog, Maarten L. A. T. M. TI Metabolomic Change Precedes Apple Superficial Scald Symptoms SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Metabolome; metabolic profiling; storage; diphenylamine; 1-methylcyclopropene ID GRANNY-SMITH APPLE; TRIENE OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; CV ANNURCA APPLE; ALPHA-FARNESENE; STORED APPLES; FUNCTIONAL DISORDER; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE 1-MCP; HEAT-TREATMENTS; FRUIT; POSTHARVEST C1 [Rudell, David R.; Mattheis, James P.] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Hertog, Maarten L. A. T. M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, BIOSYST McBioS, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Rudell, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM David.Rudell@ars.usda.gov OI Hertog, Maarten/0000-0002-3840-5746 NR 61 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 23 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 18 BP 8459 EP 8466 DI 10.1021/jf901571g PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 493OS UT WOS:000269747500055 PM 19715334 ER PT J AU Mentel, M Ahuja, EG Mavrodi, DV Breinbauer, R Thomashow, LS Blankenfeldt, W AF Mentel, Matthias Ahuja, Ekta G. Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Breinbauer, Rolf Thomashow, Linda S. Blankenfeldt, Wulf TI Of Two Make One: The Biosynthesis of Phenazines SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Review DE antibiotics; biosynthesis; condensation; shikimate; virulence factors ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PHENAZINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; PYOCYANINE BIOSYNTHESIS; BREVIBACTERIUM-IODINUM; METHANOSARCINA-MAZEI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GENE-TRANSFER; PROTEIN PHZF; FLUORESCENS C1 [Ahuja, Ekta G.; Blankenfeldt, Wulf] Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, Dept Phys Biochem, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. [Mentel, Matthias] Univ Leipzig, Inst Organ Chem, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Mavrodi, Dmitri V.; Thomashow, Linda S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Breinbauer, Rolf] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Organ Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Thomashow, Linda S.] ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Blankenfeldt, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, Dept Phys Biochem, Otto Hahn Str 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. EM wulf.blankenfeldt@mpi-dortmund.mpg.de RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; Blankenfeldt, Wulf/F-8877-2010; OI Blankenfeldt, Wulf/0000-0001-9886-9668; Breinbauer, Rolf/0000-0001-6009-7359 FU Max Planck Society; Bioband of the Technical University of Dortmund; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [BL587] FX Work of the authors summarized in this review was supported by the Max Planck Society, the Bioband of the Technical University of Dortmund (to R.B. and W.B.) and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (to W.B., BL587). NR 86 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI ChemBioChem PD SEP 21 PY 2009 VL 10 IS 14 BP 2295 EP 2304 DI 10.1002/cbic.200900323 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 501SF UT WOS:000270401700002 PM 19658148 ER PT J AU Himmelsbach, D Holser, RA AF Himmelsbach, David Holser, Ronald A. TI Application of 2D correlation spectroscopy with MCR in the preparation of glycerol polyesters SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE ATR; Biobased; Condensation; FT-IR; MCR; Polymerization ID 2-DIMENSIONAL CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIVARIATE CURVE RESOLUTION; PROTEIN AB The condensation of glycerol and adipic acid was studied by 2D correlation spectroscopy in combination with MCR to identify spectral changes associated with this polymerization reaction and to describe the development of structure in the polymer. This biobased polymer is being evaluated for use as a controlled release matrix where the extent of reaction is a key performance parameter. A spectroscopic technique was sought to estimate the extent of reaction and guide product development. FT-IR spectra were collected as the reaction was performed on a temperature programmable ATR assembly fitted to a Bruker Tensor 27 spectrophotometer. The resulting time series was analyzed by 2D correlation spectroscopy. Correlation maps were used to identify bands related to the formation of the polymer and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) was applied to develop a model in terms of pure components. This combined technique offers a rapid method for sample analysis and facilitates the preparation of materials to a specified extent of reaction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Himmelsbach, David; Holser, Ronald A.] USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Ronald.Holser@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2031 J9 VIB SPECTROSC JI Vib. Spectrosc. PD SEP 18 PY 2009 VL 51 IS 1 BP 142 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.vibspec.2009.03.004 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 476JC UT WOS:000268435000025 ER PT J AU Haas, BJ Kamoun, S Zody, MC Jiang, RHY Handsaker, RE Cano, LM Grabherr, M Kodira, CD Raffaele, S Torto-Alalibo, T Bozkurt, TO Ah-Fong, AMV Alvarado, L Anderson, VL Armstrong, MR Avrova, A Baxter, L Beynon, J Boevink, PC Bollmann, SR Bos, JIB Bulone, V Cai, GH Cakir, C Carrington, JC Chawner, M Conti, L Costanzo, S Ewan, R Fahlgren, N Fischbach, MA Fugelstad, J Gilroy, EM Gnerre, S Green, PJ Grenville-Briggs, LJ Griffith, J Grunwald, NJ Horn, K Horner, NR Hu, CH Huitema, E Jeong, DH Jones, AME Jones, JDG Jones, RW Karlsson, EK Kunjeti, SG Lamour, K Liu, ZY Ma, LJ MacLean, D Chibucos, MC McDonald, H McWalters, J Meijer, HJG Morgan, W Morris, PF Munro, CA O'Neill, K Ospina-Giraldo, M Pinzon, A Pritchard, L Ramsahoye, B Ren, QH Restrepo, S Roy, S Sadanandom, A Savidor, A Schornack, S Schwartz, DC Schumann, UD Schwessinger, B Seyer, L Sharpe, T Silvar, C Song, J Studholme, DJ Sykes, S Thines, M van de Vondervoort, PJI Phuntumart, V Wawra, S Weide, R Win, J Young, C Zhou, SG Fry, W Meyers, BC van West, P Ristaino, J Govers, F Birch, PRJ Whisson, SC Judelson, HS Nusbaum, C AF Haas, Brian J. Kamoun, Sophien Zody, Michael C. Jiang, Rays H. Y. Handsaker, Robert E. Cano, Liliana M. Grabherr, Manfred Kodira, Chinnappa D. Raffaele, Sylvain Torto-Alalibo, Trudy Bozkurt, Tolga O. Ah-Fong, Audrey M. V. Alvarado, Lucia Anderson, Vicky L. Armstrong, Miles R. Avrova, Anna Baxter, Laura Beynon, Jim Boevink, Petra C. Bollmann, Stephanie R. Bos, Jorunn I. B. Bulone, Vincent Cai, Guohong Cakir, Cahid Carrington, James C. Chawner, Megan Conti, Lucio Costanzo, Stefano Ewan, Richard Fahlgren, Noah Fischbach, Michael A. Fugelstad, Johanna Gilroy, Eleanor M. Gnerre, Sante Green, Pamela J. Grenville-Briggs, Laura J. Griffith, John Gruenwald, Niklaus J. Horn, Karolyn Horner, Neil R. Hu, Chia-Hui Huitema, Edgar Jeong, Dong-Hoon Jones, Alexandra M. E. Jones, Jonathan D. G. Jones, Richard W. Karlsson, Elinor K. Kunjeti, Sridhara G. Lamour, Kurt Liu, Zhenyu Ma, LiJun MacLean, Daniel Chibucos, Marcus C. McDonald, Hayes McWalters, Jessica Meijer, Harold J. G. Morgan, William Morris, Paul F. Munro, Carol A. O'Neill, Keith Ospina-Giraldo, Manuel Pinzon, Andres Pritchard, Leighton Ramsahoye, Bernard Ren, Qinghu Restrepo, Silvia Roy, Sourav Sadanandom, Ari Savidor, Alon Schornack, Sebastian Schwartz, David C. Schumann, Ulrike D. Schwessinger, Ben Seyer, Lauren Sharpe, Ted Silvar, Cristina Song, Jing Studholme, David J. Sykes, Sean Thines, Marco van de Vondervoort, Peter J. I. Phuntumart, Vipaporn Wawra, Stephan Weide, Rob Win, Joe Young, Carolyn Zhou, Shiguo Fry, William Meyers, Blake C. van West, Pieter Ristaino, Jean Govers, Francine Birch, Paul R. J. Whisson, Stephen C. Judelson, Howard S. Nusbaum, Chad TI Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EFFECTOR PROTEINS; RXLR EFFECTORS; CELL-DEATH; PLANT; AVIRULENCE; AVR3A; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; GENES AB Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive pathogen of potato and a model organism for the oomycetes, a distinct lineage of fungus-like eukaryotes that are related to organisms such as brown algae and diatoms. As the agent of the Irish potato famine in the mid-nineteenth century, P. infestans has had a tremendous effect on human history, resulting in famine and population displacement(1). To this day, it affects world agriculture by causing the most destructive disease of potato, the fourth largest food crop and a critical alternative to the major cereal crops for feeding the world's population(1). Current annual worldwide potato crop losses due to late blight are conservatively estimated at $6.7 billion(2). Management of this devastating pathogen is challenged by its remarkable speed of adaptation to control strategies such as genetically resistant cultivars(3,4). Here we report the sequence of the P. infestans genome, which at similar to 240 megabases (Mb) is by far the largest and most complex genome sequenced so far in the chromalveolates. Its expansion results from a proliferation of repetitive DNA accounting for similar to 74% of the genome. Comparison with two other Phytophthora genomes showed rapid turnover and extensive expansion of specific families of secreted disease effector proteins, including many genes that are induced during infection or are predicted to have activities that alter host physiology. These fast-evolving effector genes are localized to highly dynamic and expanded regions of the P. infestans genome. This probably plays a crucial part in the rapid adaptability of the pathogen to host plants and underpins its evolutionary potential. C1 [Kamoun, Sophien; Cano, Liliana M.; Raffaele, Sylvain; Bozkurt, Tolga O.; Jones, Alexandra M. E.; Jones, Jonathan D. G.; MacLean, Daniel; Schornack, Sebastian; Schwessinger, Ben; Silvar, Cristina; Studholme, David J.; Thines, Marco; Win, Joe] Sainsbury Lab, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Haas, Brian J.; Zody, Michael C.; Handsaker, Robert E.; Grabherr, Manfred; Kodira, Chinnappa D.; Alvarado, Lucia; Gnerre, Sante; Karlsson, Elinor K.; Ma, LiJun; O'Neill, Keith; Sharpe, Ted; Sykes, Sean; Nusbaum, Chad] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Kamoun, Sophien; Torto-Alalibo, Trudy; Bos, Jorunn I. B.; Cakir, Cahid; Huitema, Edgar; Liu, Zhenyu; Song, Jing; Young, Carolyn] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Zody, Michael C.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. [Jiang, Rays H. Y.; Meijer, Harold J. G.; van de Vondervoort, Peter J. I.; Weide, Rob; Govers, Francine] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Phytopathol Lab, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Ah-Fong, Audrey M. V.; Roy, Sourav; Judelson, Howard S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Anderson, Vicky L.; Grenville-Briggs, Laura J.; Horner, Neil R.; Schumann, Ulrike D.; Wawra, Stephan; van West, Pieter] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen Oomycete Lab, Coll Life Sci & Med, Inst Med Sci, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. [Armstrong, Miles R.; Avrova, Anna; Boevink, Petra C.; Gilroy, Eleanor M.; Pritchard, Leighton; Whisson, Stephen C.] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Plant Pathol Programme, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Baxter, Laura; Beynon, Jim] Univ Warwick, Warwick CV35 9EF, England. [Bollmann, Stephanie R.; Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Bulone, Vincent; Fugelstad, Johanna] AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Sch Biotechnol, Royal Inst Technol KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cai, Guohong; Fry, William] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Carrington, James C.; Fahlgren, Noah] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Carrington, James C.; Fahlgren, Noah] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Genome Res & Biocomp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chawner, Megan; Griffith, John; Horn, Karolyn; McWalters, Jessica; Ospina-Giraldo, Manuel; Seyer, Lauren] Lafayette Coll, Dept Biol, Easton, PA 18042 USA. [Conti, Lucio; Ewan, Richard; Sadanandom, Ari] Univ Glasgow, Plant Mol Sci Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Costanzo, Stefano] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Fischbach, Michael A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Green, Pamela J.; Jeong, Dong-Hoon; Meyers, Blake C.] Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Hu, Chia-Hui; Ristaino, Jean] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jones, Richard W.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kunjeti, Sridhara G.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Lamour, Kurt] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chibucos, Marcus C.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [McDonald, Hayes] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biochem, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Morgan, William] Coll Wooster, Dept Biol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Morris, Paul F.; Phuntumart, Vipaporn] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Munro, Carol A.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Med Sci, Coll Life Sci & Med, Inst Med Sci, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. [Pinzon, Andres; Restrepo, Silvia] Univ Los Andes, Mycol & Phytopathol Lab, Bogota, Colombia. [Ramsahoye, Bernard] Univ Edinburgh, Western Gen Hosp, Inst Genet & Mol Med, Canc Res Ctr, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland. [Schwartz, David C.; Zhou, Shiguo] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Genet Lab, Ctr Biotechnol,Lab Mol & Computat Genom, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Thines, Marco] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Bot 210, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. [Birch, Paul R. J.] Univ Dundee, SCRI, Coll Life Sci, Div Plant Sci, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Ren, Qinghu] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Savidor, Alon] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Plant Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Kamoun, S (reprint author), Sainsbury Lab, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. EM sophien.kamoun@tsl.ac.uk; chad@broad.mit.edu RI Meyers, Blake/B-6535-2012; Wawra, Stephan/D-2781-2013; Cano, Liliana/O-7041-2016; Carrington, James/A-4656-2012; Fahlgren, Noah/D-4404-2011; Roy, Sourav/A-5330-2013; Grenville-Briggs, Laura/B-3386-2013; MacLean, Dan/C-7046-2013; Bulone, Vincent/D-7469-2013; Zhou, Shiguo/B-3832-2011; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Conti, Lucio/M-7982-2013; Cai, Guohong/N-1274-2013; Liu, Zhenyu/C-1369-2014; Grenville-Briggs, Laura/C-3419-2014; Song, Jing/F-7567-2014; Win, Joe/H-2557-2014; Liu, Zhenyu /C-9814-2012; Kamoun, Sophien/B-3529-2009; Restrepo, Silvia/G-1297-2010; Schornack, Sebastian/A-3650-2011; Jones, Alexandra/B-5227-2009; Munro, Carol/A-5175-2011; Govers, Francine/A-5616-2009; Bos, Jorunn/E-4703-2011; Schumann, Ulrike/F-3987-2011; Huitema, Edgar/G-3760-2011; Thines, Marco/H-1685-2011; Pritchard, Leighton/A-7331-2008; Raffaele, Sylvain/F-7187-2012; Birch, Paul/F-7681-2012; Meijer, Harold/G-5703-2012 OI Silvar, Cristina/0000-0002-1782-8045; Ristaino, Jean/0000-0002-9458-0514; Studholme, David/0000-0002-3010-6637; Karlsson, Elinor/0000-0002-4343-3776; Birch, Paul/0000-0002-6559-3746; Schwessinger, Benjamin/0000-0002-7194-2922; Young, Carolyn/0000-0003-0406-8398; Restrepo, Silvia/0000-0001-9016-1040; Chibucos, Marcus/0000-0001-9586-0780; Meyers, Blake/0000-0003-3436-6097; Wawra, Stephan/0000-0001-8555-1618; Cano, Liliana/0000-0002-7996-4181; Carrington, James/0000-0003-3572-129X; Fahlgren, Noah/0000-0002-5597-4537; Munro, Carol/0000-0003-0761-1755; Ma, Li-Jun/0000-0002-2733-3708; Roy, Sourav/0000-0002-0359-994X; MacLean, Dan/0000-0003-1032-0887; Zhou, Shiguo/0000-0001-7421-2506; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Conti, Lucio/0000-0002-7837-4227; Grenville-Briggs, Laura/0000-0001-5910-3651; Win, Joe/0000-0002-9851-2404; Kamoun, Sophien/0000-0002-0290-0315; Schornack, Sebastian/0000-0002-7836-5881; Jones, Alexandra/0000-0003-2571-8708; Govers, Francine/0000-0001-5311-929X; Bos, Jorunn/0000-0003-3222-8643; Huitema, Edgar/0000-0002-5766-0830; Pritchard, Leighton/0000-0002-8392-2822; FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2004-35600-15024, 2006-35600-16623]; National Science Foundation [EF-0333274, EF-0523670]; Gatsby Charitable Foundation FX Acknowledgements We thank L. Gaffney for help with figures and tables, E. Blanco and R. Guigo for training the GeneID gene prediction software, J. Crabtree for providing a Sybil (http://sybil.sf.net) software component used to render genome comparison illustrations, the Broad Institute Genome Sequencing Platform for sequence data generation, and C. Cuomo and D. Neafsey for comments on the manuscript. The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant numbers 2004-35600-15024 and 2006-35600-16623, and the National Science Foundation grants EF-0333274 and EF-0523670, and the Gatsby Charitable Foundation. NR 24 TC 516 Z9 566 U1 24 U2 266 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 17 PY 2009 VL 461 IS 7262 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1038/nature08358 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 494QB UT WOS:000269828100039 PM 19741609 ER PT J AU Simmen, FA Frank, JA Wu, XL Xiao, RJ Hennings, LJ Prior, RL AF Simmen, Frank A. Frank, Julie A. Wu, Xianli Xiao, Rijin Hennings, Leah J. Prior, Ronald L. TI Lack of efficacy of blueberry in nutritional prevention of azoxymethane-initiated cancers of rat small intestine and colon SO BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; COLORECTAL-CANCER; CELL-PROLIFERATION; CARCINOGENESIS MODEL; NETHERLANDS COHORT; TUMOR-DEVELOPMENT; RECTAL-CANCER; APC(MIN) MICE; DNA-DAMAGE; FRUIT AB Background: Blueberries may lower relative risk for cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Previous work indicated an inhibitory effect of consumed blueberry (BB) on formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colons of male Fisher F344 rats (inbred strain). However, effects of BB on colon tumors and in both genders are unknown. Methods: We examined efficacy of BB in inhibition of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon ACF and intestine tumors in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (outbred strain). Pregnant rats were fed a diet with or without 10% BB powder; progeny were weaned to the same diet as their dam and received AOM as young adults. Results: Male and female rats on control diet had similar numbers of ACF at 6 weeks after AOM administration. BB increased (P < 0.05) ACF numbers within the distal colon of female but not male rats. There was a significant (P < 0.05) diet by gender interaction with respect to total colon ACF number. Colon and duodenum tumor incidences were less in females than males at 17 weeks after AOM. BB tended (0.1 > P > 0.05) to reduce overall gastrointestinal tract tumor incidence in males, however, tumor incidence in females was unaffected (P > 0.1) by BB. There was a tendency (0.1 > P > 0.05) for fewer adenocarcinomas (relative to total of adenomatous polyps plus adenocarcinomas) in colons of female than male tumor-bearing rats; in small intestine, this gender difference was significant (P < 0.05). BB favored (P < 0.05) fewer adenocarcinomas and more adenomatous polyps (as a proportion of total tumor number) in female rat small intestine. Conclusion: Results did not indicate robust cancer-preventive effects of BB. Blueberry influenced ACF occurrence in distal colon and tumor progression in duodenum, in gender-specific fashion. Data indicate the potential for slowing tumor progression (adenomatous polyp to adenocarcinoma) by BB. C1 [Simmen, Frank A.; Wu, Xianli; Xiao, Rijin] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Hennings, Leah J.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pathol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Simmen, Frank A.; Frank, Julie A.; Wu, Xianli; Xiao, Rijin; Prior, Ronald L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Simmen, FA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM simmenfranka@uams.edu; JAFrank@uams.edu; WuXianli@uams.edu; Rxiao@Alltech.com; Lhennings@uams.edu; RPrior@uams.edu RI Simmen, Frank/J-9464-2012 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [CRIS 6251-51000-00503S]; Midwest Research Institute [N02-CB-07008] FX Dr. Rosalia C. M. Simmen provided many helpful suggestions during the course of this work and a critical review of the manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CRIS 6251-51000-00503S). Research was performed, in part, using compound(s) provided by the National Cancer Institute's Chemical Carcinogen Reference Standards Repository operated under contract by Midwest Research Institute, no. N02-CB-07008. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-230X J9 BMC GASTROENTEROL JI BMC Gastroenterol. PD SEP 16 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 67 DI 10.1186/1471-230X-9-67 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 501EJ UT WOS:000270362000001 PM 19758446 ER PT J AU Pan, YW Breidt, F Kathariou, S AF Pan, Youwen Breidt, Frederick, Jr. Kathariou, Sophia TI Competition of Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 1/2a and 4b Strains in Mixed-Culture Biofilms SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TURKEY-PROCESSING PLANTS; FOOD-BORNE PATHOGEN; UNITED-STATES; FOODBORNE PATHOGEN; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; STAINLESS-STEEL; FLAGELLA; MOTILITY; VIRULENCE AB The majority of Listeria monocytogenes isolates recovered from foods and the environment are strains of serogroup 1/2, especially serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b. However, serotype 4b strains cause the majority of human listeriosis outbreaks. Our investigation of L. monocytogenes biofilms used a simulated food-processing system that consisted of repeated cycles of growth, sanitation treatment, and starvation to determine the competitive fitness of strains of serotypes 1/2a and 4b in pure and mixed-culture biofilms. Selective enumeration of strains of a certain serotype in mixed-culture biofilms on stainless steel coupons was accomplished by using serotype-specific quantitative PCR and propidium monoazide treatment to prevent amplification of extracellular DNA or DNA from dead cells. The results showed that the serotype 1/2a strains tested were generally more efficient at forming biofilms and predominated in the mixed-culture biofilms. The growth and survival of strains of one serotype were not inhibited by strains of the other serotype in mixed-culture biofilms. However, we found that a cocktail of serotype 4b strains survived and grew significantly better in mixed-culture biofilms containing a specific strain of serotype 1/2a (strain SK1387), with final cell densities averaging 0.5 log(10) CFU/cm(2) higher than without the serotype 1/2a strain. The methodology used in this study contributed to our understanding of how environmental stresses and microbial competition influence the survival and growth of L. monocytogenes in pure and mixed-culture biofilms. C1 [Breidt, Frederick, Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pan, Youwen] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM fred.breidt@ars.usda.gov FU Pickle Packers Intl., Inc.; USDA [2006-35201-17377] FX This investigation was supported in part by a research grant from Pickle Packers Intl., Inc., Washington, DC. Partial support (to S. Kathariou) was obtained from USDA grant 2006-35201-17377. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 18 BP 5846 EP 5852 DI 10.1128/AEM.00816-09 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 491VF UT WOS:000269608000013 PM 19648379 ER PT J AU Fricke, WF McDermott, PF Mammel, MK Zhao, SH Johnson, TJ Rasko, DA Fedorka-Cray, PJ Pedroso, A Whichard, JM LeClerc, JE White, DG Cebula, TA Ravel, J AF Fricke, W. Florian McDermott, Patrick F. Mammel, Mark K. Zhao, Shaohua Johnson, Timothy J. Rasko, David A. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Pedroso, Adriana Whichard, Jean M. LeClerc, J. Eugene White, David G. Cebula, Thomas A. Ravel, Jacques TI Antimicrobial Resistance-Conferring Plasmids with Similarity to Virulence Plasmids from Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains in Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Isolates from Poultry SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD ANIMALS POSE; R64 THIN-PILUS; HUMAN HEALTH; GENOME SEQUENCE; PUBLISHED DATA; DNA-SEQUENCE; O78 STRAIN; GENES; ANTIBIOTICS; PRODUCTS AB Salmonella enterica, a leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, may be found in any raw food of animal, vegetable, or fruit origin. Salmonella serovars differ in distribution, virulence, and host specificity. Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky, though often found in the food supply, is less commonly isolated from ill humans. The multidrug-resistant isolate S. Kentucky CVM29188, isolated from a chicken breast sample in 2003, contains three plasmids (146,811 bp, 101,461 bp, and 46,121 bp), two of which carry resistance determinants (pCVM29188_146 [strAB and tetRA] and pCVM29188_101 [bla(CMY-2) and sugE]). Both resistance plasmids were transferable by conjugation, alone or in combination, to S. Kentucky, Salmonella enterica serovar Newport, and Escherichia coli recipients. pCVM29188_146 shares a highly conserved plasmid backbone of 106 kb (>90% nucleotide identity) with two virulence plasmids from avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains (pAPEC-O1-ColBM and pAPEC-O2-ColV). Shared avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) virulence factors include iutA iucABCD, sitABCD, etsABC, iss, and iroBCDEN. PCR analyses of recent (1997 to 2005) S. Kentucky isolates from food animal, retail meat, and human sources revealed that 172 (60%) contained similar APEC-like plasmid backbones. Notably, though rare in human-and cattle-derived isolates, this plasmid backbone was found at a high frequency (50 to 100%) among S. Kentucky isolates from chickens within the same time span. Ninety-four percent of the APEC-positive isolates showed resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin. Together, our findings of a resistance-conferring APEC virulence plasmid in a poultry-derived S. Kentucky isolate and of similar resistance/virulence plasmids in most recent S. Kentucky isolates from chickens and, to lesser degree, from humans and cattle highlight the need for additional research in order to examine the prevalence and spread of combined virulence and resistance plasmids in bacteria in agricultural, environmental, and clinical settings. C1 [Fricke, W. Florian; Rasko, David A.; Ravel, Jacques] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [McDermott, Patrick F.; Zhao, Shaohua; White, David G.] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Mammel, Mark K.; Whichard, Jean M.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Johnson, Timothy J.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.] USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Pedroso, Adriana] Univ Georgia, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30223 USA. [Whichard, Jean M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cebula, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Ravel, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Genome Sci, 801 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM jravel@som.umaryland.edu RI Ravel, Jacques/D-2530-2009; OI Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233; David, Rasko/0000-0002-7337-7154 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [pCVM29188_146, pCVM29188_101, pCVM29188_46]; National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [N01-AI-30071] FX The sequencing of pCVM29188_146, pCVM29188_101, and pCVM29188_46 was supported with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under NIAID contract N01-AI-30071. NR 46 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 18 BP 5963 EP 5971 DI 10.1128/AEM.00786-09 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 491VF UT WOS:000269608000025 PM 19648374 ER PT J AU Pettit, RK Pettit, GR Hamel, E Hogan, F Moser, BR Wolf, S Pon, S Chapuis, JC Schmidt, JM AF Pettit, Robin K. Pettit, George R. Hamel, Ernest Hogan, Fiona Moser, Bryan R. Wolf, Sonja Pon, Sandy Chapuis, Jean-Charles Schmidt, Jean M. TI E-Combretastatin and E-resveratrol structural modifications: Antimicrobial and cancer cell growth inhibitory beta-E-nitrostyrenes SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Resveratrol; Combretastatin; beta-E-Nitrostyrene; Anticancer agent ID ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; A-4 PRODRUG; PHOSPHATE; TUBULIN; ANALOGS; DERIVATIVES; NITROALKENES; POTENT; A4; PROLIFERATION AB As part of a broad-based SAR investigation of E-resveratrol (strong sirtuin activator and antineoplastic) and the anticancer vascular-targeting combretastatin-type stilbenes, a series of twenty-three beta-E-nitrostyrenes was synthesized in order to evaluate potential antineoplastic, antitubulin, and antimicrobial activities. The beta-E-nitrostyrenes evaluated ranged from monosubstituted phenols to trimethoxy and 3-methoxy- 4,5-methylenedioxy derivatives. Two of the beta-nitrostyrenes were synthesized as water-soluble sodium phosphate derivatives (4t, 4v). All except four (4r, 4s, 4t, 4u) of the series significantly inhibited a minipanel of human cancer cell lines. All but eight led to an IC(50) of < 10 mu M for inhibition of tubulin polymerization, and all except three (4l, 4t, 4v) displayed antimicrobial activity. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pettit, Robin K.; Pettit, George R.; Hogan, Fiona; Wolf, Sonja; Pon, Sandy; Chapuis, Jean-Charles; Schmidt, Jean M.] Arizona State Univ, Canc Res Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Pettit, Robin K.; Pettit, George R.; Hogan, Fiona; Wolf, Sonja; Pon, Sandy; Chapuis, Jean-Charles; Schmidt, Jean M.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hamel, Ernest] NCI, Toxicol & Pharmacol Branch, Dev Therapeut Program, Div Canc Treatment & Diag,NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Moser, Bryan R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Pettit, RK (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Canc Res Inst, POB 871604, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM robin.pettit@asu.edu; bpettit@asu.edu FU National Cancer Institute DHHS [CA44344-8-12, RO1 CA9044101-03, 5RO1 CA 090441-07]; Arizona Disease Control Research Commission; Robert B. Dalton Endowment Fund; Caitlin Robb Foundation FX The very necessary financial support was provided by Outstanding Investigator Grant CA44344-8-12, Grant RO1 CA9044101-03, and Grant 5RO1 CA 090441-07 awarded to GRP by the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute DHHS; the Arizona Disease Control Research Commission; the Robert B. Dalton Endowment Fund; and the Caitlin Robb Foundation. For other helpful assistance, we thank Drs. Michael D. Williams and Mathew D. Minardi, as well as Lee Williams. NR 77 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 18 BP 6606 EP 6612 DI 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.07.076 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 489DK UT WOS:000269399700014 PM 19709889 ER PT J AU Feng, G Sharratt, B AF Feng, G. Sharratt, B. TI Evaluation of the SWEEP model during high winds on the Columbia Plateau SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE SWEEP model; WEPS; soil wind erosion; PM10; wheat-summer fallow rotation; undercutter tillage; Columbia Plateau; air quality ID EROSION PREDICTION SYSTEM; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; PM10 LOSS; SOIL; REGION; WEPS AB A standalone version of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) erosion submodel, the Single-event Wind Erosion Evaluation Program (SWEEP), was released in 2007. A limited number of studies exist that have evaluated SWEEP in simulating soil loss subject to different tillage systems under high winds. The objective of this study was to test SWEEP under contrasting tillage systems employed during the summer fallow phase of a winter wheat-summer fallow rotation within eastern Washington. Soil and PM10 (particulate matter <= 10 mu m in diameter) loss and soil and crop residue characteristics were measured in adjacent fields managed using conventional and undercutter tillage during summer fallow in 2005 and 2006. While differences in soil surface conditions resulted in measured differences in soil and PM10 loss between the tillage treatments, SWEEP failed to simulate any difference in soil or PM10 loss between conventional and undercutter tillage. In fact, the model simulated zero erosion for all high wind events observed over the two years. The reason for the lack of simulated erosion is complex owing to the number of parameters and interaction of these parameters on erosion processes. A possible reason might be overestimation of the threshold friction velocity in SWEEP since friction velocity must exceed the threshold to initiate erosion. Although many input parameters are involved in the estimation of threshold velocity, internal empirical coefficients and equations may affect the simulation. Calibration methods might be useful in adjusting the internal coefficients and empirical equations. Additionally, the lack of uncertainty analysis is an important gap in providing reliable output from this model. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sharratt, B.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Feng, G.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM sharratt@wsu.edu FU USDA-CSREES Columbia Plateau Wind Erosion/Air Quality project FX The authors are grateful to Drs Larry Wagner and Larry Hagen from the USDA-ARS Wind Erosion Research Unit in Manhattan, Kansas for their assistance with the application of SWEEP. Funds for the research were provided by the USDA-CSREES Columbia Plateau Wind Erosion/Air Quality project. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1461 EP 1468 DI 10.1002/esp.1818 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 497PR UT WOS:000270072900001 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Kim, HN Haznedaroglu, BZ Torkzaban, S Walker, SL AF Bradford, Scott A. Kim, Hyunjung N. Haznedaroglu, Berat Z. Torkzaban, Saeed Walker, Sharon L. TI Coupled Factors Influencing Concentration-Dependent Colloid Transport and Retention in Saturated Porous Media SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ENERGY MINIMUM; TO-GRAIN CONTACTS; BACTERIAL TRANSPORT; DEPOSITION; FLOW; MODEL; GROUNDWATER; MECHANISMS; FILTRATION; DYNAMICS AB The coupled influence of input suspension concentration (C-i), ionic strength (IS), and hydrodynamics on the transport and retention of 1,1 mu m carboxyl-modified latex colloids in saturated quartz sand (150 mu m) under unfavorable attachment conditions (pH 10) was investigated. The percentage of retained colloids in column experiments decreased with C-i at intermediate IS conditions (31 or 56 mM) when colloids were weakly associated with the solid phase by a shallow secondary energy minima. In contrast, the effects of C-i on colloid retention were absent when IS was too low (6 mM) or too high (106 mM). The concentration effects under intermediate IS conditions were dependent on the system hydrodynamics, magnitude of C-i, and injection order of C-i, but they were largely independent of the input colloid mass. These observations were explained in part by time- and concentration-dependent filling of retention sites. Only a small fraction of the solid surface area was found to contribute to retention when IS was 31 mM, and micromodel observations indicated that colloid retention was enhanced in lower velocity regions of the pore space that occurred near grain-grain contacts. Consequently, retention profiles for IS = 31 mM conditions were increasingly nonexponential at lower values of C-i (during filling), whereas the observed concentration effect was largely eliminated as retention locations became filled. In addition, micromodel observations indicated that liquid and solid phase mass transfer of colloids to retention locations was influenced by C-i under intermediate IS conditions. Higher values of C-i are expected to produce less relative mass transfer to retention locations due to increased numbers of collisions that knock weakly associated colloids off the solid phase. Hence, the concentration effects were found to be largely independent of input colloid mass during filling of retention sites. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Kim, Hyunjung N.; Haznedaroglu, Berat Z.; Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Torkzaban, Saeed] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Scott.Bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Haznedaroglu, Berat/A-6467-2011; Kim, Hyunjung/F-1505-2013; Torkzaban, Saeed/G-7377-2013 OI Haznedaroglu, Berat/0000-0002-0081-8801; Kim, Hyunjung/0000-0003-2115-6891; Torkzaban, Saeed/0000-0002-5146-9461 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Agricultural Research Service (ARS); National Program (NP) 206; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES); National Research Initiative (NRI) [2006-02541] FX We thank Alan Nguyen and Lorena Altamirano for their help in conducting the transport experiments. This research was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Program (NP) 206 and the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), National Research Initiative (NRI), Grant 2006-02541. NR 40 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 18 BP 6996 EP 7002 DI 10.1021/es900840d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492KZ UT WOS:000269656200021 PM 19806733 ER PT J AU Keane, RE Hessburg, PF Landres, PB Swanson, FJ AF Keane, Robert E. Hessburg, Paul F. Landres, Peter B. Swanson, Fred J. TI The use of historical range and variability (HRV) in landscape management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Ecosystem management; Climate change; Land management; Landscape ecology; Historical ecology ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE REGIMES; TIME-SERIES; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; REGIONAL-SCALE; NATIONAL-PARK AB This paper examines the past, present, and future use of the concept of historical range and variability (HRV) in land management. The history, central concepts, benefits, and limitations of HRV are presented along with a discussion on the value of HRV in a changing world with rapid climate warming, exotic species invasions, and increased land development. This paper is meant as a reference on the strengths and limitations of applying HRV in land management. Applications of the HRV concept have specific contexts, constraints, and conditions that are relevant to any application and are influential to the extent to which the concept is applied. These conditions notwithstanding, we suggest that the HRV concept offers an objective reference for many applications, and it still offers a comprehensive reference for the short-term and possible long-term management of our nations landscapes until advances in technology and ecological research provide more suitable and viable approaches in theory and application. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Keane, Robert E.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Hessburg, Paul F.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Landres, Peter B.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Swanson, Fred J.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway,10 West, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM rkeane@fs.fed.us; phessburg@fs.fed.us; plandres@fs.fed.us; fswanson@fs.fed.us FU The Nature Conservancy; USDA Forest Service FX This paper was written as a result of a HRV and climate change workshop held April 2008 in Washington, DC, USA and sponsored by The Nature Conservancy and USDA Forest Service. We thank those participants for their discussion and ideas. NR 124 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1025 EP 1037 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.035 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300001 ER PT J AU Lorimer, CG Porter, DJ Madej, MA Stuart, JD Veirs, SD Norman, SP O'Hara, KL Libby, WJ AF Lorimer, Craig G. Porter, Daniel J. Madej, Mary Ann Stuart, John D. Veirs, Stephen D., Jr. Norman, Steven P. O'Hara, Kevin L. Libby, William J. TI Presettlement and modern disturbance regimes in coast redwood forests: Implications for the conservation of old-growth stands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Age structure; Fire regimes; Fire suppression; Flooding; Forest succession; Gap dynamics; Sequoia sempervirens; Windstorms ID SEQUOIA-SEMPERVIRENS FOREST; PEAK FLOW RESPONSES; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE HISTORY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; AGE STRUCTURE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; NOTHOFAGUS FORESTS AB Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), a western North American conifer of ancient lineage, has a paradoxical combination of late-successional characteristics and strong adaptations to disturbance. Despite its shade tolerance and heavy dominance of the canopy on many sites, redwood saplings are uncommon in upland old-growth stands. Information needed to ensure the conservation of old-growth redwood forests has been limited. In this review paper, we integrate evidence on redwood biology with data on the historic and modern disturbance regimes to help clarify the degree to which key attributes of redwood forests may have been dependent upon periodic disturbance. Available evidence suggests that episodes of fire, flooding, and slope failure prior to European settlement were frequent but predominantly of low to moderate severity and extent, resulting in broadly uneven-aged forests. The majority of fires prior to European settlement were apparently of human origin. Frequency and severity of the major disturbance agents have been radically changed in modern times. Fires have been largely excluded, and flooding has been altered in ways that have often been detrimental to old-growth redwoods on alluvial terraces. However, because of the apparent anthropogenic origin of most presettlement fires, the long-term evolutionary role of fire for coast redwood is ecologically ambiguous. With fire exclusion, redwood possibly could be displaced to some extent on upland sites by increasing abundance of fire-sensitive competitors. Alternatively, redwood may be able to maintain dominance by vegetative sprouting and new seedling establishment on root-wad mounds, fallen logs, and on soil exposed by slope failure. Future research priorities are suggested that will help resolve some of the current ambiguities. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lorimer, Craig G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Porter, Daniel J.] Save Redwoods League, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Madej, Mary Ann] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Stuart, John D.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Watershed Management, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Norman, Steven P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [O'Hara, Kevin L.; Libby, William J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lorimer, CG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM clorimer@wisc.edu OI O'Hara, Kevin/0000-0002-3800-9188 FU Save-the-Redwoods League FX The authors thank John O. Sawyer, Peter Brown, and Julia Burton for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Jacob Hanson and Laura Kinsvater assisted in the preparation of some of the figures. This project was initially suggested by Save-the-Redwoods League, which also arranged the authorship team and provided funding. The first author is also grateful to John O. Sawyer for a field research opportunity in the redwoods many years ago as a student. NR 138 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 109 U2 397 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1038 EP 1054 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.008 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300002 ER PT J AU Miller, BF Campbell, TA Laseter, BR Ford, WM Miller, KV AF Miller, Brad F. Campbell, Tyler A. Laseter, Benjamin R. Ford, W. Mark Miller, Karl V. TI White-tailed deer herbivory and timber harvesting rates: Implications for regeneration success SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Allegheny hardwood-northern hardwood; Browse preferences; Herbivory; Odocoileus virginianus; Regeneration; Timber harvesting; West Virginia; White-tailed deer ID FRAGMENTED DECIDUOUS FORESTS; HARDWOOD REGENERATION; LOCALIZED MANAGEMENT; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; DYNAMICS; POPULATIONS; INTERFERENCE; PENNSYLVANIA; INTENSITY; USA AB Herbivory by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can affect forest regeneration. Typical measures to ensure forest regeneration have included physical barriers or direct manipulation of deer densities. However, altering silvicultural practices to provide abundant deer forage has not been tested thoroughly. We examined browse species preferences and changes in herbivory rates in 1-6 year old regeneration areas from 2001 to 2004 in the central Appalachians on the MeadWestvaco Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Forest in West Virginia. Woody vegetation reached the maximum plot coverage by the 4th growing season. However, the establishment of less abundant woody species, such as northern red oak (Quercus rubra), may be inhibited when browsed greater than or proportionally to occurrence. Herbivory rates declined precipitously as the amount of early successional habitat increased on our study site. We conclude that providing approximately 14% of an area in well-distributed, even-aged managed forests can have substantial impacts on reducing herbivory rates. However, management practices also should consider harvesting effects on hard mast production, habitat requirements of other species, and hardwood lumber marketability. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, Karl V.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Miller, Brad F.] Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Little Rock, AR USA. [Campbell, Tyler A.] Texas A&M Univ, USDA, APHIS WS NWRC Texas Field Stn, Kingsville, TX USA. [Laseter, Benjamin R.] Fish & Wildlife Associates Inc, Whittier, NC USA. [Ford, W. Mark] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Ecol Resources Branch, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Miller, Karl V.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Miller, KV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM KMILLER@warnell.uga.edu FU West Virginia Department of Natural Resources; MeadWestvaco; USDA National Research Initiative Cooperative [00-35101-9284, 03-35101-13719] FX Financial assistance was provided by the West Virginia Department of Natural Resources, MeadWestvaco, and the USDA National Research Initiative Cooperative Grants program (grant 00-35101-9284 and 03-35101-13719). The comments of J.P. Carroll, C.J. Nairn, and R.J. Warren, improved early versions of this manuscript. We additionally thank the numerous volunteers, technicians, and others who contributed to this research. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1067 EP 1072 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.025 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300005 ER PT J AU Donner, DM Ribic, CA Probst, JR AF Donner, Deahn M. Ribic, Christine A. Probst, John R. TI Male Kirtland's Warblers' patch-level response to landscape structure during periods of varying population size and habitat amounts SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Kirtlands Warbler; Habitat loss and fragmentation; Landscape structure; Temporal variability; Population dynamics; Landscape ecology; Habitat amount threshold ID NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; SPECIES RESPONSES; SUITABLE HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION AB Forest planners must evaluate how spatiotemporal changes in habitat amount and configuration across the landscape as a result of timber management will affect species' persistence. However, there are few long-term programs available for evaluation. We investigated the response of male Kirtland's Warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) to 26 years of changing patch and landscape structure during a large, 26-year forestry-habitat restoration program within the warbler's primary breeding range. We found that the average density of male Kirtland's Warblers was related to a different combination of patch and landscape attributes depending on the species' regional population level and habitat amounts on the landscape (early succession jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests; 15-42% habitat cover). Specifically, patch age and habitat regeneration type were important at low male population and total habitat amounts, while patch age and distance to an occupied patch were important at relatively high population and habitat amounts. Patch age and size were more important at increasing population levels and an intermediate amount of habitat. The importance of patch age to average male density during all periods reflects the temporal buildup and decline of male numbers as habitat suitability within the patch changed with succession. Habitat selection (i.e., preference for wildfire-regenerated habitat) and availability may explain the importance of habitat type and patch size during lower population and habitat levels. The relationship between male density and distance when there was the most habitat on the landscape and the male population was large and still increasing may be explained by the widening spatial dispersion of the increasing male population at the regional scale. Because creating or preserving habitat is not a random process, management efforts would benefit from more investigations of managed population responses to changes in spatial structure that occur through habitat gain rather than habitat loss to further our empirical understanding of general principles of the fragmentation process and habitat cover threshold effects within dynamic landscapes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Donner, Deahn M.; Probst, John R.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54529 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, US Geol Survey, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Donner, DM (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54529 USA. EM ddonnerwright@fs.fed.us FU Institute for Applied Ecosystem Studies; U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station FX This study was supported by the Institute for Applied Ecosystem Studies, U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station. We thank Eric Gustafson, Dan Kashian, Rolff Koford, Anna Pidgeon, Jerry Weinrich, and two anonymous reviewers for reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript. We are also indebted to Elaine Carlson and Keith Kintigh with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and Phil Huber with the Huron-Manistee National Forest for their guidance and assistance with historical data. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1093 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.029 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300008 ER PT J AU Fule, PZ Korb, JE Wu, R AF Fule, Peter Z. Korb, Julie E. Wu, Rosalind TI Changes in forest structure of a mixed conifer forest, southwestern Colorado, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecological restoration; Fuel; Dendrochronology; Fire history; San Juan Mountains ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; POTENTIAL FIRE BEHAVIOR; CANYON NATIONAL-PARK; SAN-FRANCISCO PEAKS; GRAND-CANYON; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; STAND STRUCTURE; CANOPY FUELS; CALIFORNIA AB We selected a warm/dry mixed conifer forest (ponderosa pine, white fir, Douglas-fir, and aspen) in southwestern Colorado to reconstruct historical conditions of fire regime and forest structure in preparation for an experiment in ecological restoration. Although mixed conifer forests are of high ecological and social value in the Southwest, they have been less studied than ponderosa pine forests. Fire-scar analysis on a 150-ha area showed recurring fires at mean intervals of 24 years (all fires with minimum of 2 sample trees scarred) to 32 years (fire scarring 25% or more of sample trees) from the 16th century until the abrupt cessation of fire after 1868, concurrent with European settlement. There was no evidence in age or species-specific data of severe burning at the scale of the study blocks (approximately 200 ha). The forest remained unharvested throughout most of the 20th century, until a cut in the early 1990s removed approximately equal basal areas of ponderosa pine and white fir. Forest structure had already changed substantially, however. Total basal area increased from an average of 11 m(2) ha(-1) in 1870 to 27 m(2) ha(-1) in 2003, despite harvesting of at least 8.4 m(2) ha(-1). Ponderosa pine declined from representing nearly two-thirds of basal area in 1870 to one-third in 2003. The other species increased dramatically, especially white fir, which went from 12% to 35% of basal area and dominated stand density with an average of 392 trees ha(-1). Total tree density increased from 142 trees ha(-1) in 1870 to 677 trees ha(-1) in 2003. The ecological changes that occurred here since the 19th century have been in exactly the opposite direction considering the warm, fire-favoring climate expected in the 21 st century. If warm/dry mixed conifer forests of southern Colorado are to have a reasonable chance for persistence under the future climate regime, restoring conditions more similar to the frequently burned, open forests of the past is likely to be a useful starting point. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fule, Peter Z.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Fule, Peter Z.] No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Korb, Julie E.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Biol, Durango, CO 81301 USA. [Wu, Rosalind] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pagosa Springs, CO 81147 USA. RP Fule, PZ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Pete.Fule@nau.edu NR 57 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1200 EP 1210 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.015 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300021 ER PT J AU Palik, B Kastendick, D AF Palik, Brian Kastendick, Doug TI Woody plant regeneration after blowdown, salvage logging, and prescribed fire in a northern Minnesota forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Blowdown; Salvage logging; Forest regeneration; Minnesota; Prescribed fire; Disturbance ID DISTURBANCE; SEVERITY; WILDFIRE; BIODIVERSITY; VEGETATION; WINDTHROW; HURRICANE; ASPEN AB Salvage logging after natural disturbance has received increased scrutiny in recent years because of concerns over detrimental effects on tree regeneration and increased fine fuel levels. Most research on tree regeneration after salvage logging comes from fire-prone systems and is short-term in scope. Limited information is available on longer term responses to salvage logging after windstorms or from forests outside of fire-prone regions. We examined tree and shrub regeneration after a stand-replacing windstorm, with and without salvage logging and prescribed fire. Our study takes place in northern Minnesota, USA, a region where salvage logging impacts have received little attention. We asked the following questions: (i) does composition and abundance of woody species differ among post-disturbance treatments, including no salvage, salvage alone, and salvage with prescribed burning, 12 years after the windstorm?; (ii) is regeneration of Populus, the dominant pre-blowdown species, inhibited in unsalvaged treatments?; and (iii) how do early successional trajectories differ among post-blowdown treatments? Twelve years after the wind disturbance, the unsalvaged forest had distinctly different composition and abundance of trees and woody shrubs compared to the two salvage treatments, despite experiencing similar wind disturbance severities and having similar composition immediately after the blowdown. Unsalvaged forest had greater abundance of shade tolerant hardwoods and lower abundance of Populus, woody shrubs, and Betula papyrifera, compared to salvage treatments. There was some evidence that adding prescribed fire after the blowdown and salvage logging further increased disturbance severity, since the highest abundances of shrubs and early successional tree species occurred in the burning treatment. These results suggest that salvage treatments (or a lack thereof) can be used to direct compositional development of a post-blowdown forest along different trajectories, specifically, towards initial dominance by early successional Populus and B. papyrifera with salvage logging or towards early dominance by shade tolerant hardwoods, with some Populus, if left unsalvaged. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Palik, Brian; Kastendick, Doug] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Palik, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1831 Highway 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM bpalik@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service; Northern Research Station; Chippewa National Forest FX Financial and logistic support for this work was provided by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station and the Chippewa National Forest. Helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript were provided by Tony D'Amato, Doug Shinneman, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1323 EP 1330 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.034 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300035 ER PT J AU Burgoyne, TA DeLuca, TH AF Burgoyne, Tricia A. DeLuca, Thomas H. TI Short-term effects of forest restoration management on non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixation in western Montana SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen-fixation; Forest restoration; Prescribed fire; Ponderosa pine ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BOREAL FORESTS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; INLAND NORTHWEST; CENTRAL INTERIOR; UNITED-STATES; WOODY RESIDUE; AGE GRADIENT; N2 FIXATION AB Forest restoration treatments involving selection harvest and prescribed fire have been applied throughout the Rocky Mountain West with only a limited understanding of how these treatments influence plant community composition and soil processes. Forest restoration treatments, especially those involving fire, have the potential to reduce N capital on site. Unfortunately there has been only limited effort to investigate the effects of forest restoration treatments on forest ecosystem N inputs, especially free living N-fixation in soil and woody residues. Recent studies have highlighted the potential for decaying woody roots to serve as hot spots for N-fixation. The fire and fire surrogates (FFS) study site at Lubrecht Experimental Forest in Western Montana provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effect of restoration treatments on N-fixation. We set out to examine how prescribed fire, selection harvest, and a combination of both influence free living N-fixing bacteria that colonize decomposing woody roots, mineral soil, and soil crusts. Soil, root, and soil crust samples were collected from replicated treatment plots in August 2005 and soil samples were recollected in May 2006 just following snowmelt. Acetylene reduction assays were run on all samples, and extractable inorganic N and potentially mineralizable N (PMN) were measured in mineral soil. While restoration treatments caused an increase in dead roots associated with stumps and fire killed trees, N-fixation rates were nearly non-existent in these root systems. Nitrogen-fixation rates were not significantly influenced by treatments in decomposing woody roots or in mineral soil, but were slightly greater (P < 0.10) in soil crusts when the control stand was compared to treated plots. Nitrogen-fixation rates were also greater in mineral soil than in roots. Soil collected in August exhibited greater rates of N-fixation than soil collected in May which we attributed to higher moisture and an increase in available N following spring thaw. Average rates of free living N-fixation across the treatment plots at Lubrecht were low (0.26 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)), but over time we estimate that these sources, along with the sparse population of symbiotic N-fixing plants and wet N deposition, would replenish soil N lost through fire or harvesting in approximately 40-100 years. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [DeLuca, Thomas H.] Wilderness Soc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Burgoyne, Tricia A.] USFS TEAMS Enterprise, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. RP DeLuca, TH (reprint author), Wilderness Soc, 503 W Mendenhall, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM t.h.deluca@bangor.ac.uk RI DeLuca, Thomas/B-4547-2012 FU USDA McIntire-Stennis program; Montana Forest Experiment Station; National Fire and Fire Surrogate Projects (FFS) [197]; U.S. Joint Fire Sciences Program FX The authors wish to thank Michael Gundale, Carl Fiedler, and Kerry Metlen for their advice and guidance on the use of the FFS study site at Lubrecht Experimental Forest. Thanks also go to Clarice Pina, Rachel Brimmer, Scott Morford, Ethan Smith, Jeff Lavoie, and Joss McKinnon for laboratory and field assistance. The research was funded by the USDA McIntire-Stennis program and was supported by the Montana Forest Experiment Station. This is Contribution Number 197 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Projects (FFS). Although the authors received no funding from the FFS, this research could not have been accomplished without the support of the FFS by the U.S. Joint Fire Sciences Program. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1369 EP 1375 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.048 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300040 ER PT J AU Zhao, Q Zeng, DH Fan, ZP Yu, ZY Hu, YL Zhang, JW AF Zhao, Qiong Zeng, De-Hui Fan, Zhi-Ping Yu, Zhan-Yuan Hu, Ya-Lin Zhang, Jianwei TI Seasonal variations in phosphorus fractions in semiarid sandy soils under different vegetation types SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest plantations; Litter decomposition; Savanna; Semiarid region; Soil P dynamics ID SYLVESTRIS VAR. MONGOLICA; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PINE PLANTATIONS; GRASSLAND; DYNAMICS; KEERQIN; FOREST; CARBON; CHINA AB We investigated the seasonal patterns of soil phosphorus (P) fractions under five vegetation types - Ulmus macrocarpa savanna, grassland, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, Pinus tabulaeformis plantation, and Populus simonii plantation - in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands of China. The measured P fractions (0-20 cm depth) included: soil total P (TP), total organic and inorganic P (TPo and TPi), bicarbonate extractable organic and inorganic P (BPo and BPi), microbial biomass P (MBP), and in situ resin-adsorbed P (resin-P). Soil TP and TPo concentrations in the savanna and grassland were significantly lower in summer than in spring and autumn. However, they were relatively stable in three forest plantations. Soil labile P fractions showed a significant seasonal pattern under all vegetation types with the peak in summer, except soil MBP that was constant in the savanna and grassland and BPo that decreased over time in the savanna. This pattern of labile P fractions was attributed to a combination of seasonal climatic changes, low P availability, as well as the biological controls of soil P transformation in the study area. Litter decomposition played a key role in soil P availability. The monthly resin-P released from litter decomposition in summer was 2.6-7.4 times greater than in other seasons, and was 1.7-3.4 times of that in the 10 cm depth soil. Concentrations of soil P fractions were obviously affected by vegetation type. The savanna had the highest total P and MBP concentrations and the P. tabulaeformis plantation had the highest BPi and resin-P among all vegetation types. Among forest plantations, P. simonii plantation had the highest total P and MBP. These results suggest that U. macrocarpa savanna is the best system conserving soil nutrient (particularly P) stocks and microbial activity, followed by the grassland and P. simonii plantation, while the pine plantations are the worst. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Qiong; Zeng, De-Hui; Fan, Zhi-Ping; Yu, Zhan-Yuan; Hu, Ya-Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Daqinggou Ecol Stn, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jianwei] USDA Forest Serv, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Zeng, DH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Daqinggou Ecol Stn, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, Peoples R China. EM zengdh@iae.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30800887, 30872011]; National Key Technology R&D Program of China [2006BAD26B0201-1, 2006BAC01A12]; National Key Basic Research Program of China [2007CB106803] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30800887 and 30872011), the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (Nos. 2006BAD26B0201-1 and 2006BAC01A12) and the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2007CB106803). We thank He-Ming Lin and Gui-Yan Ai for their help in laboratory analyses. Comments for the manuscript from Aimin Lu, Dave Young, Guangsheng Chen and anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1376 EP 1382 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.047 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300041 ER PT J AU Liechty, HO Guldin, JM AF Liechty, Hal O. Guldin, James M. TI Structure and composition of streamside management zones following reproduction cutting in shortleaf pine stands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Riparian buffers; Stand structure; Shortleaf pine management; Riparian management ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BUFFER STRIPS; BOREAL FOREST; CUT EDGES; DECOMPOSITION; WINDTHROW; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; LITTER; TAEDA AB Streamside management zones (SMZs) in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma are frequently established along headwater ephemeral and intermittent streams to protect water quality, provide wildlife habitat, and increase landscape diversity. To better understand the function of these riparian forest corridors, we characterized the tree density and composition, forest floor mass, and downed woody debris volume within SMZs located in undisturbed, mature, upper mid-slope shortleaf pine stands and then compared these attributes to those in upland portions of these stands. In addition to evaluate the impact of upland forest harvesting on these riparian corridors, we compared the amounts and distribution of forest floor, downed woody debris (DWD), snags, and windthrows in SMZs within shortleaf pine stands that had been clearcut, had a shelterwood harvest, and had no recent management activity (uncut stands). Total tree and hardwood basal area was significantly higher (4.4 and 4.2 m(2) ha(-1)) while forest floor mass was significantly lower (0.5 kg m(-2)) in the SMZs than in the upland portion of the undisturbed stands. Five years following the reproduction cuttings tree basal area, DWD volume, and forest floor mass within SMZs did not significantly differ among stands that had or had not been harvested. Snag density was significantly lower within SMZs that occurred in clearcut stands compared to those in the uncut or shelterwood stands. Harvesting activities that retain few or no residual trees appear to increase the degradation of snags. This study provided evidence that clearcutting may also increase the risk of windthrow in SMZs as well. There was little difference in the distribution of forest floor within SMZs regardless of whether the stand was harvested or the type of harvesting that occurred in the stand. However, DWD amounts were higher near the SMZs edge than in the interior of the SMZs with the greatest differences in distributions in stands that were clearcut. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liechty, Hal O.] Univ Arkansas Monticello, Sch Forest Resources, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. [Guldin, James M.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Liechty, HO (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Monticello, Sch Forest Resources, POB 3468, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. EM liechty@uamont.edu NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1407 EP 1413 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.044 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300045 ER PT J AU Wang, QK Wang, SL Zhang, JW AF Wang, Qinkui Wang, Silong Zhang, Jianwei TI Assessing the effects of vegetation types on carbon storage fifteen years after reforestation on a Chinese fir site SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon storage; Mixed plantation; Broadleaved tree; Coniferous plantation ID SOIL CARBON; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; CUNNINGHAMIA-LANCEOLATA; SUBTROPICAL CHINA; STAND DEVELOPMENT; NUTRIENT RETURN; SOUTHERN CHINA; ORGANIC-MATTER; FORESTS; NITROGEN AB Forest ecosystems play a significant role in sequestering carbon (C) in biomass and soils. Plantations established in subtropical China since the 1980s, mainly of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) in monocultures, have proved to be major C sinks. However, information is lacking about whether mixing Chinese fir with broadleaved tree species will increase stand growth and C sequestration. We address this question by comparing a pure Chinese fir plantation and two mixed plantations established in 1990 at Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Hunan Province, China. The mixed plantations include Chinese fir and either Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz or Alnus cremastogyne Burk., planted at 4:1 ratios. We found that total C storage was 123, 131 and 142 Mg ha(-1) in the pure plantation, mixed plantation with K. septemlobus, and mixed plantation with A. cremastogyne, respectively. The mixed plantation with A. cremastogyne increased C storage in biomass relative to the pure Chinese fir plantation (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between mixed plantations. Soil C storage did not differ among these plantations, ranging from 67.9 +/- 7.1 to 73.3 +/- 9.1 Mg ha(-1), which accounted for about 55% of the total C pools. Our results indicated that as the mixture of Chinese fir and broadleaved species will increase both biomass C and soil C storage over pure Chinese fir, and will do it, within 15 years of planting. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Qinkui; Wang, Silong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [Wang, Silong] Chinese Acad Sci, Huitong Expt Stn Forest Ecol, Huitong 418307, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jianwei] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Wang, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. EM slwang@iae.ac.cn FU Chinese Academy of Science Program [KZCX2-YW-405]; Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences FX This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Science Program (KZCX2-YW-405) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. We also thank Xiuyong Zhang for help in collecting samples and Xiaojun Yu for analyses for some parameters. Dr. John Marshall from USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station and two anonymous reviewers who provided comments to improve the manuscript, are greatly appreciated. NR 36 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1437 EP 1441 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.050 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300049 ER PT J AU Powers, MD Pregitzer, KS Palik, BJ Webster, CR AF Powers, Matthew D. Pregitzer, Kurt S. Palik, Brian J. Webster, Christopher R. TI Water relations of pine seedlings in contrasting overstory environments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canopy gaps; Intrinsic water use efficiency; Mixed pine forests; Stable isotopes; Transpiration ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; EASTERN WHITE-PINE; LEAF-AREA INDEX; DOUGLAS-FIR; SITE PREPARATION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; NITROGEN-CONTENT; USE EFFICIENCY; STABLE OXYGEN AB Overstory conditions influence understory microclimate and resource availability, leading to gradients in evaporative demand and moisture availability that influence seedling water relations. Partial canopies may either reduce seedling moisture stress by ameliorating environmental conditions, or increase moisture stress by reducing soil moisture availability. This study used stable isotope ratios of oxygen (delta O-18) and carbon (delta C-13) and mass-based foliar nitrogen concentrations to investigate changes in transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) of pine seedlings across an overstory gradient from open canopy gap environments to closed canopy forest. Foliar delta O-18 increased sharply from basal areas of 0-10 m(2) ha(-1) in Pinus banksiana, Pinus resinosa, and Pinus strobus seedlings, followed by a more gradual increase with further increases in basal area. Foliar delta C-13 followed a similar, but less pronounced pattern in P. banksiana and P. strobus seedlings, and had no apparent relationship with overstory basal area in P. resinosa seedlings. The slope of the delta O-18:delta C-13 relationship was positive for every species. Foliar nitrogen concentrations were not correlated with overstory basal area. These results suggest seedling E declined as overstory basal area increased due to reductions in g(s), while iWUE increased slightly from open gaps to partial canopy environments. Open gap environments appear to provide sufficient moisture to sustain high leaf-level gas exchange rates in the species we studied, while relatively small increases in overstory basal area apparently promote rapid declines in g(s), leading to greatly reduced seedling water loss and small increases in iWUE. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Powers, Matthew D.; Webster, Christopher R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. RP Powers, MD (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM mdpowers@mtu.edu; ksp@cabnr.unr.edu; bpalik@fs.fed.us; cwebster@mtu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Michigan Technological University FX We would like to thank Tom Drummer and Linda Nagel for their thoughtful comments during the development of this project. Two anonymous reviewers also provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Julia Robinson assisted with sample preparation. Isotopic analyses were performed by Jennifer Eikenberry and Benjamin Harlow. Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, and Michigan Technological University. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1442 EP 1448 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.040 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300050 ER PT J AU Dodson, EK Peterson, DW AF Dodson, Erich K. Peterson, David W. TI Seeding and fertilization effects on plant cover and community recovery following wildfire in the Eastern Cascade Mountains, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Erosion; Conservation; Diversity; Exotic; Invasion; Resilience ID INCREASED SOIL-NITROGEN; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; POSTFIRE REHABILITATION; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NORTHERN ARIZONA; NATIONAL-PARK; STRAW MULCH; EROSION AB Slope stabilization treatments are frequently applied following high severity wildfires to reduce erosion, protect water quality, and mitigate threats to human life and property. However, the effectiveness of many treatment options has not been well established. Furthermore, treatments may unintentionally inhibit natural vegetation recovery or facilitate exotic species invasion, compromising long-term ecosystem function. We evaluated the effects of seeding and fertilization treatments on plant cover and vegetation recovery following the Deer Point fire in the Eastern Cascade Mountains of Washington State, surveying vegetation for three consecutive years following fire. We applied a fertilization treatment and two seeding treatments in factorial combination on experimental plots at four sites within the fire. Natural vegetation recovered rapidly on control plots, exceeding 40% average cover the second post-fire year and 53% cover the third year. Seeding and fertilization, applied alone and together, did little to increase total plant cover in any of the three post-fire years. A seed mix containing mostly native species increased seeded species cover, but failed to increase in total plant cover, as reductions in non-seeded species cover largely offset increases in seeded species cover. The seed mix also reduced the cover and frequency of several disturbance-adapted native species and reduced tree seedling abundance by the third year after fire. Exotic species averaged less than 0.5% cover across all treatments, and were not significantly affected by any treatment. Minimal treatment effects on total plant cover suggest that seeding and fertilization did little to reduce erosion hazards. However, seeding with the species mix did interfere with natural vegetation recovery, despite the use of native species and low realized seeded species cover. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dodson, Erich K.; Peterson, David W.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Dodson, EK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM edodson@fs.fed.us RI Peterson, David/B-1105-2008 NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1586 EP 1593 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.013 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300065 ER PT J AU Chandler, RB King, DI Chandler, CC AF Chandler, Richard B. King, David I. Chandler, Carlin C. TI Effects of management regime on the abundance and nest survival of shrubland birds in wildlife openings in northern New England, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Early-successional habitat; Detectibility; Nest success; Patch area; Scrub-shrub birds; Management history ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EARLY-SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; FORESTED LANDSCAPE; AREA-SENSITIVITY; HARDWOOD FOREST; CLEAR-CUT; PATTERNS; POPULATION; SONGBIRD AB Many shrubland bird species are declining in eastern North America and as a result forest managers have used a variety of techniques to provide breeding habitat for these species. The maintenance of permanent "wildlife openings" using prescribed burns or mechanical treatments is a widely used approach for providing habitat for these species, but there have been no studies of the effects of treatment regime on bird abundance and nest survival in managed wildlife openings. We studied shrubland birds in wildlife openings on the White Mountain National Forest (WMNF) in New Hampshire and Maine, USA, during 2003 and 2004. We analyzed bird abundance and nest survival in relation to treatment type (burned versus mowed), treatment frequency, time since treatment, and patch area. We found that wildlife openings provided habitat for shrubland birds that are not present in mature forest. There was relatively modest support for models of focal bird species abundance as a function of treatment regime variables, despite pronounced effects of treatment on habitat conditions. This probably was attributable to the combined effects of complex site histories and bird site fidelity. Overall nest success (52%) was comparable to other types of early-successional habitats in the region, but there were few supported relationships between nest survival and treatment variables. We conclude that wildlife openings provide quality habitat for shrubland birds of high conservation interest as long as managers ensure treatment intervals are long enough to permit the development of woody vegetation characteristic of the later stages of this sere. Also, wildlife openings should be large enough to accommodate the territory sizes of all target species, which was >= 1.2 ha in this study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chandler, Richard B.; Chandler, Carlin C.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Work Unit 4251, USDA Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Chandler, RB (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way,204 Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rchandler@nrc.umass.edu RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016 FU USDA Northern Research Station; WMNF FX L. Prout, L. Rouse, and C. Weloth provided valuable logistical support and information regarding the management of wildlife openings on the WMNF. R. Sparhawk, B. Degregorio, D. Hof and M. Becker were excellent field assistants. A. Royle helped with the N-mixture model analyses. We thank M. Kelty and K. McGarigal for valuable input throughout the study. Funding was provided by the USDA Northern Research Station and the WMNF. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1669 EP 1676 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.025 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300074 ER PT J AU Thompson, JR Spies, TA AF Thompson, Jonathan R. Spies, Thomas A. TI Vegetation and weather explain variation in crown damage within a large mixed-severity wildfire SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biscuit Fire; Fire severity; Random forest analysis; Mixed-conifer and evergreen hardwood forest; Ultramafic; Reburn ID KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; FIRE SEVERITY; LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS; FOREST STRUCTURE; BURN SEVERITY; UNITED-STATES; USA; OREGON; CALIFORNIA AB The 2002 Biscuit Fire burned through more than 200,000 ha of mixed-conifer/evergreen hardwood forests in southwestern Oregon and northwestern California. The size of the fire and the diversity of conditions through which it burned provided an opportunity to analyze relationships between crown damage and vegetation type, recent fire history, geology, topography, and regional weather conditions on the day of burning. We measured pre- and post-fire vegetation cover and crown damage on 761 digital aerial photo-plots (6.25 ha) within the unmanaged portion of the burn and used random forest and regression tree models to relate patterns of damage to a suite of 20 predictor variables. Ninety-eight percent of plots experienced some level of crown damage, but only 10% experienced complete crown damage. The median level of total crown damage was 74%; median damage to conifer crowns was 52%. The most important predictors of total crown damage were the percentage of pre-fire shrub-stratum vegetation cover and average daily temperature. The most important predictors of conifer damage were average daily temperature and "burn period," an index of fire weather and fire suppression effort. The median level of damage was 32% within large conifer cover and 62% within small conifer cover. Open tree canopies with high levels of shrub-stratum cover were associated with the highest levels of tree crown damage, while closed canopy forests with high levels of large conifer cover were associated with the lowest levels of tree crown damage. Patterns of damage were similar within the area that burned previously in the 1987 Silver Fire and edaphically similar areas without a recent history of fire. Low-productivity sites on ultramafic soils had 92% median crown damage compared to 59% on non-ultramafic sites; the proportion of conifer cover damaged was also higher on ultramafic sites. We conclude that weather and vegetation conditions - not topography - were the primary determinants of Biscuit Fire crown damage. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Thompson, Jonathan R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Spies, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Thompson, JR (reprint author), Harvard Univ, 324 N Main St, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. EM jthomps@fas.harvard.edu; tspies@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program FX Funding was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program. We thank K. Olsen and Duck Creek Inc. for technical help and D. Peterson, C. Skinner, W. Cohen, T. Atzet, R. Miller, and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments, which substantially improved this manuscript. NR 59 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1684 EP 1694 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.031 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300076 ER PT J AU Brandeis, TJ Helmer, EH Marcano-Vega, H Lugo, AE AF Brandeis, Thomas J. Helmer, Eileen H. Marcano-Vega, Humfredo Lugo, Ariel E. TI Climate shapes the novel plant communities that form after deforestation in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Species composition; Tropical secondary forest; Land-use history; Introduced species; Cluster analysis; NMS ordination; Caribbean ID LAND-USE HISTORY; FOREST REGENERATION; TROPICAL FOREST; SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; KARST REGION; TREE; INVENTORY; PASTURES; CONSERVATION AB Environmental and past land use controls on tree species assemblages on the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands were characterized to determine whether biophysical factors or land-use history has been more important in determining the species composition of secondary tropical forests after large-scale forest clearing for agriculture, widespread species introduction, and landscape-scale forest fragmentation. Post-deforestation, secondary forest assemblages are comprehensively described, both as broad general assemblages and island-specific variations by calculating species importance values from forest inventory data. Hierarchical clustering and indicator species analysis defined species assemblages, and then correlations between species assemblages and environmental variables were explored with non-metric multidimensional scaling, analysis of variance and chi(2) testing. These assemblages are arrayed along environmental gradients of decreasing spring moisture stress, decreasing maximum temperatures, and increasing minimum temperatures. Land-use history is not as important to determining variation in species composition across climatic zones, although several species assemblages are associated with certain geology types or land-use histories. Naturalized tree species are prominent in these secondary forests and contribute to the formation of some novel assemblages, but native late and early successional species also colonize former agricultural land, all influenced by the degree of disturbance. We conclude that environmental factors have an overarching effect on forest species composition across the broader range of climatic, geologic and topographic conditions and larger geographic scales, while land-use history influences subtropical secondary forest species assemblages within a specific climatic zone or set of relatively narrow environmental conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brandeis, Thomas J.; Marcano-Vega, Humfredo] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Helmer, Eileen H.; Lugo, Ariel E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. RP Brandeis, TJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM tjbrandeis@fs.fed.us; ehelmer@fs.fed.us; hmarcano@fs.fed.us; alugo@fs.fed.us NR 82 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 7 BP 1704 EP 1718 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.030 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 498OW UT WOS:000270152300078 ER PT J AU Purakayastha, TJ Smith, JL Huggins, DR AF Purakayastha, T. J. Smith, J. L. Huggins, D. R. TI Microbial biomass and N cycling under native prairie, conservation reserve and no-tillage in Palouse soils SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Conservation reserve program; Conservation tillage; Land use change; Soil microbial biomass; Nitrogen mineralization; Particulate organic matter ID ORGANIC-MATTER RECOVERY; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; ZERO-TILLAGE; SILT LOAM; MANAGEMENT; ROTATION AB Tillage management practices that improve soil quality are needed to maintain agricultural productivity. Soil quality can be improved through increases in microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and the nitrogen (N) contents in different pools of soil organic matter (SOM). The objective of our experiment was to study the dynamics of MBC and N cycling in soils collected from the Palouse area of eastern Washington State. Soil managements were: no tillage for 4 (NT4) and 28 (NT28) years, conservation reserve program (CRP), native prairie (NP), and conventional tillage (CT). Microbial biomass carbon was 50% less in the CT soil than the NP soil and there was 74% less total soil N (TSN) in the surface CT soil compared to the NP soil. Conversion of CT to CRP, NT4, and NT28 increased MBC in the 0-5 cm depth by 40, 6 and 78%, respectively. Compared to CT, the TSN content was 20, 57, and 94% higher in CRP, NT4 and NT28, respectively. The net N mineralized (Nmin) over 180 days in the surface 5 cm was highest (69.5 mu g N/cm(3)) in NT28 soil and lowest (14.2 mu g/cm(3)) in CRP. Interestingly, the CT soil mineralized as much N as the NT systems but had less TSN than NT. Compared to NP, CT had a 70% reduction in particulate organic matter nitrogen (POM-N) to a depth of 20 cm. The conversion of CT soil to CRP, NT28, and NT4 enhanced the POM-N content by 65,216, and 101% at 0-5 cm. The proportion of POM-N to TSN was lowest in CT soil whereas the NT and CRP soils were considerably higher. The lower Nmin/MBC ratios (qN) of the conservation systems imply a higher immobilization capacity and tighter soil N cycling. Mineralized N per unit of respiration (Nmin/CO2-C) was highest in CT and NT-28 management systems suggesting different factors were responsible in these systems for exhibiting almost similar values. The Nmin ratios along with MBC and POM-C relationships could be useful soil quality indicators in judging tillage-induced changes in soil management systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Purakayastha, T. J.] Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Soil Sci & Agr Chem, New Delhi 110012, India. [Smith, J. L.; Huggins, D. R.] ARS, USDA, Pacific W Area Land Management, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Smith, J. L.; Huggins, D. R.] Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Purakayastha, TJ (reprint author), Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Soil Sci & Agr Chem, New Delhi 110012, India. EM tpurakayastha@gmail.com FU Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India; BOYSCAST FX The authors are grateful to the Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India for providing necessary financial support in the form of a BOYSCAST fellowship to the first author to carry out this work. We also acknowledge the technical assistance of Debbie Bikfasy and David Uberuaga, USDA-ARS, Pacific West Area Land Management and Water Conservation Research Unit, Pullman, WA. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 152 IS 3-4 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.06.013 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 497RM UT WOS:000270078600010 ER PT J AU Zhou, MY Zhang, ZH Zhong, SY Lenschow, D Hsu, HM Sun, B Gao, ZQ Li, SM Bian, XD Yu, LJ AF Zhou, Mingyu Zhang, Zhanhai Zhong, Shiyuan Lenschow, Donald Hsu, Hsiao-Ming Sun, Bo Gao, Zhiqiu Li, Shiming Bian, Xindi Yu, Lejiang TI Observations of near-surface wind and temperature structures and their variations with topography and latitude in East Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; KATABATIC WIND; SOUTH-POLE; REGIME; VARIABILITY; PENINSULA; PLATEAU; CLIMATE; FLOW AB The first multiyear surface meteorological observations over Dome A, the highest ice feature in the entire Antarctica continent, are analyzed to understand the surface wind, temperature, and stability climatology over Dome A and how it differs from the surface climatology at two lower-latitude/lower-elevation sites along similar longitude in East Antarctica. The climatology is also compared with that over Dome C. In contrast to the surface winds at lower sites, where moderate to strong northeasterly winds prevail with a distinct diurnal oscillation in wind speed in response to the diurnal change in katabatic forcing, summertime surface winds over Dome A are very weak, are variable in direction, and show little diurnal variation. Although both temperature and temperature gradient oscillate diurnally, the gradient over Dome A remained positive all day long, indicating a persistent surface inversion, while at the two lower sites, as well as over Dome C, sufficient insolation leads to the breakup of inversion and the development of a convective boundary layer in the afternoon. Wavelet analysis of near-surface stability revealed that besides the strong diurnal signal, the near-surface stability also exhibits annual, semiannual, and interseasonal (period similar to 50 days) oscillations at all locations. These oscillations in near-surface stability are linked to the same peaks in the 500-hPa geopotential height spectra and therefore are believed to be caused by variations of synoptic conditions. C1 [Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bian, Xindi] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gao, Zhiqiu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Lenschow, Donald; Hsu, Hsiao-Ming] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Li, Shiming] Natl Marine Environm Forecast Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Mingyu; Zhang, Zhanhai; Sun, Bo; Yu, Lejiang] Polar Res Inst China, Shanghai 200136, Peoples R China. RP Zhong, SY (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, 116 Geog Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM zhongs@msu.edu RI Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40233032]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006BAB18B03, 2006BAB18B05]; NCAR Visiting Science Program; National Science Foundation of the United States FX This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40233032) and Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006BAB18B03 and 2006BAB18B05). Donald Lenschow and Hsiao-Ming Hsu are affiliated with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), and M. Zhou was supported by the NCAR Visiting Science Program to spend a summer at NCAR to work on the manuscript. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation of the United States. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D17115 DI 10.1029/2008JD011611 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 497JR UT WOS:000270055900004 ER PT J AU Reid, LM Lewis, J AF Reid, Leslie M. Lewis, Jack TI Rates, timing, and mechanisms of rainfall interception loss in a coastal redwood forest SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Interception loss; Forestry; Environmental impact; Stemflow; Water balance ID CANOPY STORAGE CAPACITY; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; EUCALYPT FOREST; PINE PLANTATION; MODEL; THROUGHFALL; EVAPORATION; TREES; YOUNG; AREA AB Rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow were monitored at 5-min intervals for 3 years in a 120-year-old forest dominated by redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) at the Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds, located in northwest California, USA. About 2.5% of annual rainfall reaches the ground as stemflow at the site, while 22.4% is stored on foliage and stems and evaporates before reaching the ground. Comparison of the timing of rainfall and throughfall indicates that about 46% of the interception loss occurs through post-storm evaporation from foliage and 54% is either evaporated during the storm or enters long-term storage in bark. Until bark storage capacity is saturated, the proportion of rainfall diverted to bark storage would be relatively constant across the range of rainfall intensities encountered, reflecting primarily the proportional incidence of rainfall on surfaces contributing to bark storage. In any case, loss rates remain high-over 15%-even during the highest-intensity storms monitored. Clear-cut logging in the area would increase effective annual rainfall by 20-30% due to reduction of interception loss, and most of the increase would occur during large storms, thus potentially influencing peakflows and hillslope pore-pressures during geomorphically significant events. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reid, Leslie M.; Lewis, Jack] US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95519 USA. RP Reid, LM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95519 USA. EM lreid@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 375 IS 3-4 BP 459 EP 470 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.048 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 502PJ UT WOS:000270472100015 ER PT J AU Lim, HS Bragg, JN Ganesan, U Ruzin, S Schichnes, D Lee, MY Vaira, AM Ryu, KH Hammond, J Jackson, AO AF Lim, Hyoun-Sub Bragg, Jennifer N. Ganesan, Uma Ruzin, Steven Schichnes, Denise Lee, Mi Yeon Vaira, Anna Maria Ryu, Ki Hyun Hammond, John Jackson, Andrew O. TI Subcellular Localization of the Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus Triple Gene Block Proteins SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-TO-CELL; VIRAL MOVEMENT PROTEINS; POA SEMILATENT VIRUS; YELLOW-VEIN-VIRUS; RNA-BINDING; SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT; ENCODED PROTEINS; B PROTEIN; IN-VITRO; X TGBP3 AB Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) spreads from cell to cell through the coordinated actions of three triple gene block (TGB) proteins (TGB1, TGB2, and TGB3) arranged in overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). Our previous studies (D. M. Lawrence and A. O. Jackson, J. Virol. 75: 8712-8723, 2001; D. M. Lawrence and A. O. Jackson, Mol. Plant Pathol. 2: 65-75, 2001) have shown that each of these proteins is required for cell-to-cell movement in monocot and dicot hosts. We recently found (H.-S. Lim, J. N. Bragg, U. Ganesan, D. M. Lawrence, J. Yu, M. Isogai, J. Hammond, and A. O. Jackson, J. Virol. 82:4991-5006, 2008) that TGB1 engages in homologous interactions leading to the formation of a ribonucleoprotein complex containing viral genomic and messenger RNAs, and we have also demonstrated that TGB3 functions in heterologous interactions with TGB1 and TGB2. We have now used Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated protein expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells and site-specific mutagenesis to determine how TGB protein interactions influence their subcellular localization and virus spread. Confocal microscopy revealed that the TGB3 protein localizes at the cell wall (CW) in close association with plasmodesmata and that the deletion or mutagenesis of a single amino acid at the immediate C terminus can affect CW targeting. TGB3 also directed the localization of TGB2 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the CW, and this targeting was shown to be dependent on interactions between the TGB2 and TGB3 proteins. The optimal localization of the TGB1 protein at the CW also required TGB2 and TGB3 interactions, but in this context, site-specific TGB1 helicase motif mutants varied in their localization patterns. The results suggest that the ability of TGB1 to engage in homologous binding interactions is not essential for targeting to the CW. However, the relative expression levels of TGB2 and TGB3 influenced the cytosolic and CW distributions of TGB1 and TGB2. Moreover, in both cases, localization at the CW was optimal at the 10:1 TGB2-to-TGB3 ratios occurring in virus infections, and mutations reducing CW localization had corresponding effects on BSMV movement phenotypes. These data support a model whereby TGB protein interactions function in the subcellular targeting of movement protein complexes and the ability of BSMV to move from cell to cell. C1 [Lim, Hyoun-Sub; Bragg, Jennifer N.; Ganesan, Uma; Ruzin, Steven; Schichnes, Denise; Lee, Mi Yeon; Jackson, Andrew O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lim, Hyoun-Sub; Vaira, Anna Maria; Hammond, John] ARS, FNPRU, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vaira, Anna Maria] CNR, Ist Virol Vegetale, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Lee, Mi Yeon; Ryu, Ki Hyun] Seoul Womens Univ, Div Environm & Life Sci, Plant Virus GenBank, Seoul 139774, South Korea. RP Jackson, AO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM andyoj@berkeley.edu RI Vaira, Anna Maria/B-9082-2015 FU U. S. Department of Agriculture [2008-35319-19225] FX This research was supported by U. S. Department of Agriculture competitive research grant 2008-35319-19225. NR 60 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 18 BP 9432 EP 9448 DI 10.1128/JVI.00739-09 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA 485MI UT WOS:000269127000039 PM 19570874 ER PT J AU Han, J Rutherford, MS Faaberg, KS AF Han, Jun Rutherford, Mark S. Faaberg, Kay S. TI The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus nsp2 Cysteine Protease Domain Possesses both trans- and cis-Cleavage Activities SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ARTERITIS VIRUS; PAPAIN-LIKE PROTEASE; REPLICASE ORF1A PROTEIN; MYSTERY SWINE DISEASE; ISOLATE ATCC VR-2332; N-TERMINAL REGION; ENCODED PROTEINASES; SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; LELYSTAD VIRUS; DEUBIQUITINATING ENZYME AB The N terminus of the replicase nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) contains a putative cysteine protease domain (PL2). Previously, we demonstrated that deletion of either the PL2 core domain (amino acids [aa] 47 to 180) or the immediate downstream region (aa 181 to 323) is lethal to the virus. In this study, the PL2 domain was found to encode an active enzyme that mediates efficient processing of nsp2-3 in CHO cells. The PL2 protease possessed both trans- and cis-cleavage activities, which were distinguished by individual point mutations in the protease domain. The minimal size required to maintain these two enzymatic activities included nsp2 aa 47 to 240 (Tyr(47) to Cys(240)) and aa 47 to 323 (Tyr(47) to Leu(323)), respectively. Introduction of targeted amino acid mutations in the protease domain confirmed the importance of the putative Cys(55)-His(124) catalytic motif for nsp2/3 proteolysis in vitro, as were three additional conserved cysteine residues (Cys(111), Cys(142), and Cys(147)). The conserved aspartic acids (e.g., Asp(89)) were essential for the PL2 protease trans- cleavage activity. Reverse genetics revealed that the PL2 trans- cleavage activity played an important role in the PRRSV replication cycle in that mutations that impaired the PL2 protease trans function, but not the cis activity, were detrimental to viral viability. Lastly, the potential nsp2/3 cleavage site was probed. Mutations with the largest impact on in vitro cleavage were at or near the G(1196)vertical bar G(1197) dipeptide. C1 [Faaberg, Kay S.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Han, Jun; Rutherford, Mark S.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Faaberg, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS B 14, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kay.faaberg@ars.usda.gov RI Han, Jun/G-2584-2012 OI Han, Jun/0000-0003-1495-3948 FU USDA NRI-CSREES [2006-01598] FX This research was supported by USDA NRI-CSREES (2006-01598). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 54 TC 43 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 83 IS 18 BP 9449 EP 9463 DI 10.1128/JVI.00834-09 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 485MI UT WOS:000269127000040 PM 19587037 ER PT J AU Bohbot, JD Dickens, JC AF Bohbot, Jonathan D. Dickens, Joseph C. TI Characterization of an Enantioselective Odorant Receptor in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Enantiomers differ only in the left or right handedness (chirality) of their orientations and exhibit identical chemical and physical properties. In chemical communication systems, enantiomers can be differentially active at the physiological and behavioral levels. Only recently were enantioselective odorant receptors demonstrated in mammals while their existence in insects has remained hypothetical. Using the two-microelectrode voltage clamp of Xenopus oocytes, we show that the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, odorant receptor 8 (AaOR8) acts as a chiral selective receptor for the (R)-(-)-enantiomer of 1-octen-3-ol, which in the presence of other kairomones is an attractant used by blood-sucking insects to locate their hosts. In addition to steric constraints, chain length and degree of unsaturation play important roles in this recognition process. This is the first characterization of an enantioselective odorant receptor in insects and the results demonstrate that an OR alone, without helper proteins, can account for chiral specificity exhibited by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). RP Bohbot, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA,Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD USA. EM joseph.dickens@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 16 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 9 AR e7032 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0007032 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 494FO UT WOS:000269796500016 PM 19753115 ER PT J AU Luo, MC Deal, KR Akhunov, ED Akhunova, AR Anderson, OD Anderson, JA Blake, N Clegg, MT Coleman-Derr, D Conley, EJ Crossman, CC Dubcovsky, J Gill, BS Gu, YQ Hadam, J Heo, HY Huo, N Lazo, G Ma, Y Matthews, DE McGuire, PE Morrell, PL Qualset, CO Renfro, J Tabanao, D Talbert, LE Tian, C Toleno, DM Warburton, ML You, FM Zhang, W Dvorak, J AF Luo, M. C. Deal, K. R. Akhunov, E. D. Akhunova, A. R. Anderson, O. D. Anderson, J. A. Blake, N. Clegg, M. T. Coleman-Derr, D. Conley, E. J. Crossman, C. C. Dubcovsky, J. Gill, B. S. Gu, Y. Q. Hadam, J. Heo, H. Y. Huo, N. Lazo, G. Ma, Y. Matthews, D. E. McGuire, P. E. Morrell, P. L. Qualset, C. O. Renfro, J. Tabanao, D. Talbert, L. E. Tian, C. Toleno, D. M. Warburton, M. L. You, F. M. Zhang, W. Dvorak, J. TI Genome comparisons reveal a dominant mechanism of chromosome number reduction in grasses and accelerated genome evolution in Triticeae SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE dysploidy; linkage map; rice; sorghum; wheat ID RECOMBINATION RATES; POLYPLOID WHEAT; RICE; GENE; MAP; DUPLICATIONS; SEQUENCE; DIVERSIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; PHYLOGENY AB Single-nucleotide polymorphism was used in the construction of an expressed sequence tag map of Aegilops tauschii, the diploid source of the wheat D genome. Comparisons of the map with the rice and sorghum genome sequences revealed 50 inversions and translocations; 2, 8, and 40 were assigned respectively to the rice, sorghum, and Ae. tauschii lineages, showing greatly accelerated genome evolution in the large Triticeae genomes. The reduction of the basic chromosome number from 12 to 7 in the Triticeae has taken place by a process during which an entire chromosome is inserted by its telomeres into a break in the centromeric region of another chromosome. The original centromere-telomere polarity of the chromosome arms is maintained in thenewchromosome. Anintrachromosomal telomere telomere fusion resulting in a pericentric translocation of a chromosome segment or an entire arm accompanied or preceded the chromosome insertion in some instances. Insertional dysploidy has been recorded in three grass subfamilies and appears to be the dominant mechanism of basic chromosome number reduction in grasses. A total of 64% and 66% of Ae. tauschii genes were syntenic with sorghum and rice genes, respectively. Synteny was reduced in the vicinity of the termini of modern Ae. tauschii chromosomes but not in the vicinity of the ancient termini embedded in the Ae. tauschii chromosomes, suggesting that the dependence of synteny erosion on gene location along the centromere-telomere axis either evolved recently in the Triticeae phylogenetic lineage or its evolution was recently accelerated. C1 [Clegg, M. T.; Morrell, P. L.; Toleno, D. M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Luo, M. C.; Deal, K. R.; Akhunov, E. D.; Akhunova, A. R.; Dubcovsky, J.; Ma, Y.; McGuire, P. E.; Qualset, C. O.; Tian, C.; Zhang, W.; Dvorak, J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anderson, O. D.; Coleman-Derr, D.; Crossman, C. C.; Gu, Y. Q.; Huo, N.; Lazo, G.; Renfro, J.; You, F. M.] ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Anderson, J. A.; Conley, E. J.; Tabanao, D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Blake, N.; Heo, H. Y.; Talbert, L. E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Gill, B. S.; Hadam, J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Matthews, D. E.] Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Warburton, M. L.] Mississippi State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Clegg, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM mclegg@uci.edu; jdvorak@ucdavis.edu RI Morrell, Peter/E-2059-2011; Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Morrell, Peter/0000-0001-6282-1582; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0321757] FX We thank C. M. Nicolet and V. Rashbrook ( DNA Technologies Core at the University of California Davis Genome Center) for performing the Golden Gate assays, and Professor Peter Langridge ( Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia) and Patrick S. Schnable ( Center for Plant Genomics, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa) for advising this project. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant DBI-0321757. NR 41 TC 104 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 19 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 37 BP 15780 EP 15785 DI 10.1073/pnas.0908195106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 494IS UT WOS:000269806600050 PM 19717446 ER PT J AU Khalifeh, MS Al-Majali, AM Stabel, JR AF Khalifeh, M. S. Al-Majali, A. M. Stabel, J. R. TI Role of nitric oxide production in dairy cows naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; Nitric oxide; Cytokines; Cattle ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES; CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; MURINE MACROPHAGES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IN-VITRO; BOVINE MACROPHAGES; IFN-GAMMA; T-CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-10 AB Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial mediator in host defense and is one of the major killing mechanisms within macrophages. Its induction is highly affected by the types of cytokines and the infectious agents present. In the current study, NO production was evaluated after in vitro infection of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) after 8 h, 3 and 6 days of culture for cows in different stages of disease. In addition, the effects of in vitro exposure to inhibitory cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma were correlated with the level of NO production. Nitric oxide production was consistently higher in cell cultures from subclinically infected animals at all time points. An upregulation of NO production was demonstrated in unfractionated cell cultures from healthy control cows after exposure to MAP infection as compared to noninfected cell cultures. A similar increase in NO due to the addition of MAP to cell cultures was also noted for clinically infected cows. NO level among subclinically infected cattle was greater at all time points tested and was further boosted with the combination of both in vitro MAP infection and IFN-gamma stimulation. Alternatively, nonspecific stimulation with LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4-W resulted in an upregulation of NO production in all infected groups at 3 and 6 days after in vitro infection. Finally, the in vitro exposure to inhibitory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta prior to MAP infection or LPS stimulation resulted in the downregulation of this inflammatory mediator (NO) in all experimental groups at all time points. In summary, a higher level of NO production was associated with cows in the subclinical stage of MAP infection. As well, the results demonstrated an increase in NO production upon infection with MAP and in the presence of exogenous IFN-gamma. Finally, the results suggest an important role of IL-10 and TGF-beta on the profile of NO production which may explain the low NO production in MAP clinically infected cows. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stabel, J. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Khalifeh, M. S.] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Vet Basic Med Sci, Irbid, Jordan. [Khalifeh, M. S.] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mol Biol & Genet Engn, Irbid, Jordan. [Al-Majali, A. M.] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Irbid, Jordan. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM judy.stabel@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD SEP 15 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.03.020 PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 492BI UT WOS:000269628600013 PM 19409621 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Wesley, IV On, SLW Houf, K Megraud, F Wang, GL Yee, E Srijan, A Mason, CJ AF Miller, William G. Wesley, Irene V. On, Stephen L. W. Houf, Kurt Megraud, Francis Wang, Guilin Yee, Emma Srijan, Apichai Mason, Carl J. TI First multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Arcobacter spp. SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-COLI; SP-NOV.; PATHOGEN ARCOBACTER; GENUS ARCOBACTER; PREVALENCE; BUTZLERI; SPP.; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; CARCASSES AB Background: Arcobacter spp. are a common contaminant of food and water, and some species, primarily A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus, have been isolated increasingly from human diarrheal stool samples. Here, we describe the first Arcobacter multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method for A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii, A. cibarius and A. thereius. Results: A sample set of 374 arcobacters, including 275 A. butzleri, 72 A. cryaerophilus, 15 A. skirrowii and 8 A. cibarius isolates from a wide variety of geographic locations and sources, was typed in this study. Additionally, this sample set contained four strains representing a new Arcobacter species, A. thereius. The seven loci used in the four-species Arcobacter MLST method are the same as those employed previously in C. jejuni, C. coli, C. helveticus and C. fetus (i.e. aspA, atpA(uncA), glnA, gltA, glyA, pgm and tkt). A large number of alleles were identified at each locus with the majority of isolates containing a unique sequence type. All Arcobacter isolates typed in this study contain two glyA genes, one linked to lysS (glyA1) and the other linked to ada (glyA2). glyA1 was incorporated into the Arcobacter MLST method while glyA2 was not because it did not increase substantially the level of discrimination. Conclusion: No association of MLST alleles or sequence types with host or geographical source was observed with this sample set. Nevertheless, the large number of identified alleles and sequence types indicate that this MLST method will prove useful in both Arcobacter strain discrimination and in epidemiological studies of sporadic Arcobacter-related gastroenteritis. A new Arcobacter MLST database was created http://pubmlst.org/arcobacter/; allele and ST data generated in this study were deposited in this database and are available online. C1 [Miller, William G.; Wang, Guilin; Yee, Emma] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Wesley, Irene V.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [On, Stephen L. W.] Christchurch Sci Ctr, Food Safety Programme, Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Houf, Kurt] Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Vet Publ Hlth & Food Safety, Merelbeke, Belgium. [Megraud, Francis] Univ Victor Segalen, Bacteriol Lab, Bordeaux, France. [Srijan, Apichai; Mason, Carl J.] AFRIMS, Dept Enter Dis, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM William.Miller@ars.usda.gov; Irene.Wesley@ars.usda.gov; stephen.on@esr.cri.nz; kurt.houf@ugent.be; francis.megraud@chu-bordeaux.fr; gwang918@yahoo.com; Emma.Yee@ars.usda.gov; apichais@afrims.org; carl.mason@afrims.org OI MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD SEP 14 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 196 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-9-196 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 503DH UT WOS:000270512100002 PM 19751525 ER PT J AU Mound, LA Nickle, DA AF Mound, Laurence A. Nickle, David A. TI The Old-World genus Ceratothripoides (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with a new genus for related New-World species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE tospovirus vector; Retanathrips new genus; identification key; Ceratothripoides ID CLARATRIS SHUMSHER THYSANOPTERA; THAILAND; GENERA AB A key is provided to five Old World species that comprise the genus Ceratothripoides Bagnall, and the species C. revelatus (Priesner) is recalled from synonymy with C. brunneus Bagnall. Five New World species previously placed in this genus are here allocated to Retanathrips Mound & Nickle gen.n., with Physothrips funestus Hood as type species. C1 [Nickle, David A.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM laurence.mound@csiro.au; David.Nickle@ars.usda.gov RI Mound, Laurence/A-3967-2009 FU Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt; Natural History Museum, London; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA (USNM) FX The continued support of several colleagues is gratefully acknowledged: Richard zur Strassen, Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt (SMF); Jon Martin, Natural History Museum, London (BMNH); Sueo Nakahara, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA (USNM). We are grateful to Dr Masami Masumoto of Yokohama Plant Quarantine Station, for many valuable comments on classification problems among Thripinae, and to Prof. Irma Cabrera of Puerto Rico for sending specimens for identification. Gary L. Miller and Matt Buffington kindly provided comments on a draft. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 14 PY 2009 IS 2230 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 494ML UT WOS:000269817400006 ER PT J AU Raji, AAJ Anderson, JV Kolade, OA Ugwu, CD Dixon, AGO Ingelbrecht, IL AF Raji, Adebola A. J. Anderson, James V. Kolade, Olufisayo A. Ugwu, Chike D. Dixon, Alfred G. O. Ingelbrecht, Ivan L. TI Gene-based microsatellites for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): prevalence, polymorphisms, and cross-taxa utility SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; EST-SSRS; PROPAGATED CROP; REPEAT MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; WHEAT; DATABASE; BARLEY; TRANSFERABILITY; EUPHORBIACEAE AB Background: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a starchy root crop grown in tropical and subtropical climates, is the sixth most important crop in the world after wheat, rice, maize, potato and barley. The repertoire of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for cassava is limited and warrants a need for a larger number of polymorphic SSRs for germplasm characterization and breeding applications. Results: A total of 846 putative microsatellites were identified in silico from an 8,577 cassava unigene set with an average density of one SSR every 7 kb. One hundred and ninety-two candidate SSRs were screened for polymorphism among a panel of cassava cultivars from Africa, Latin America and Asia, four wild Manihot species as well as two other important taxa in the Euphorbiaceae, leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and castor bean (Ricinus communis). Of 168 markers with clean amplification products, 124 (73.8%) displayed polymorphism based on high resolution agarose gels. Of 85 EST-SSR markers screened, 80 (94.1%) amplified alleles from one or more wild species (M epruinosa, M glaziovii, M brachyandra, M tripartita) whereas 13 (15.3%) amplified alleles from castor bean and 9 (10.6%) amplified alleles from leafy spurge; hence nearly all markers were transferable to wild relatives of M esculenta while only a fraction was transferable to the more distantly related taxa. In a subset of 20 EST-SSRs assessed by fluorescence-based genotyping the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 10 with an average of 4.55 per locus. These markers had a polymorphism information content (PIC) from 0.19 to 0.75 with an average value of 0.55 and showed genetic relationships consistent with existing information on these genotypes. Conclusion: A set of 124 new, unique polymorphic EST-SSRs was developed and characterized which extends the repertoire of SSR markers for cultivated cassava and its wild relatives. The markers show high PIC values and therefore will be useful for cultivar identification, taxonomic studies, and genetic mapping. The study further shows that mining ESTs is a highly efficient strategy for polymorphism detection within the cultivated cassava gene pool. C1 [Raji, Adebola A. J.; Kolade, Olufisayo A.; Ugwu, Chike D.; Dixon, Alfred G. O.; Ingelbrecht, Ivan L.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Anderson, James V.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Kolade, Olufisayo A.] Africa Rice Ctr WARDA, Cotonou, Benin. RP Ingelbrecht, IL (reprint author), Int Inst Trop Agr, Oyo Rd, Ibadan, Nigeria. EM araji@cgiar.org; James.Anderson@ars.usda.gov; o.kolade@cgiar.org; adixon@cgiar.org; iingelbrecht@cgiar.org OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 FU US Agency for International Development (USAID); IITA core fund FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Mrs J Plancarte for preparing the figures, tables and bibliography and Mr B Odeseye for expert technical assistance. The authors also want to thank an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the IITA core fund. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. This work is dedicated to the memory of Mr Chike Ugwu, an MSc student who had started to work on this project and whose young life suddenly ended during the course of his MSc program. NR 56 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD SEP 11 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 118 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-9-118 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 505SC UT WOS:000270714200001 PM 19747391 ER PT J AU Shockley, FW Vandenberg, NJ AF Shockley, Floyd W. Vandenberg, Natalia J. TI Catalogue of the primary types of Cerylonidae, Endomychidae and Latridiidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, with additional notes and clarification of the status of several types SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Cerylonidae; Endomychidae; Latridiidae; USNM types; catalogue AB A checklist with critical data is provided for all primary types (n = 48) of the families Cerylonidae, Endomychidae and Latridiidae deposited in the National Museum of Natural History. Of those, 43 holotypes, 3 lectotypes, and 2 neotypes are represented. This tally includes a lectotype for Geoendomychus punctatus Arrow (1926) and neotype for Rhymbomicrus stephani Pakaluk (1987), both newly designated to promote nomenclatural stability. Fifteen species have at least one paratype, paralectotype, or authoritatively identified non-type specimen associated with the holotype. Type specimens were compared to the original species descriptions to confirm their status, verbatim label data were recorded, and barcode labels were added. In addition to cataloguing the types, notes were made where discrepancies exist between the data labels pinned with the types and the data published with the original species descriptions. C1 [Shockley, Floyd W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Vandenberg, Natalia J.] ARS, SEL, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Shockley, FW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, 413 Biol Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fws@uga.edu; Natalia.Vandenberg@ars.usda.gov FU Smithsonian Institution [0000132599]; H. H. Ross Fund (Dept. of Entomology, University of Georgia) and through an NSF/PEET [DEB-0329115] FX We thank S. McKamey (SEL), A. Norrbom (SEL) and J. McHugh (University of Georgia) and two anonymous reviewers for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript and providing many helpful suggestions. We gratefully acknowledge L. Roberts and M. Metz (SEL) for assistance with type imaging, and W. Steiner for information on and access to the Casey collection. We thank E. Riley (Texas A&M University) for confirming the number and identity of the R. stephani paratypes housed in the Stephan collection and P. Skelley (Florida State Collection of Arthropods) for confirming that the missing holotype of R. stephani was not deposited at the FSCA. We also thank S. Lingafelter for loaning his Canon EOS digital camera which was used to photograph the type labels. We acknowledge T. Orrell and M. Vanzego for their assistance with setting up the logistics and paperwork for the contract under which this work was accomplished. We further thank R. Snyder for making the electronic products of this contract (including dorsal, ventral and lateral habitus images and the specimen data labels) accessible via the Smithsonian KE EMu system. Most of this work was internally funded by the Smithsonian Institution through Contract No.: 0000132599. The remainder of the work was funded jointly by the H. H. Ross Fund (Dept. of Entomology, University of Georgia) and through an NSF/PEET grant (DEB-0329115) to J. McHugh, M. Whiting and K. Miller. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 11 PY 2009 IS 2229 BP 1 EP 64 PG 64 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 492XY UT WOS:000269697200001 ER PT J AU Lankau, RA Nuzzo, V Spyreas, G Davis, AS AF Lankau, Richard A. Nuzzo, Victoria Spyreas, Greg Davis, Adam S. TI Evolutionary limits ameliorate the negative impact of an invasive plant SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; Alliaria petiolata; genetic diversity; glucosinolates; plant-soil feedbacks ID ALLIARIA-PETIOLATA; GARLIC MUSTARD; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; HERBIVORES; COMMUNITY; GENETICS; MARKERS; WEAPONS; TOADS; TIME AB Invasive species can quickly transform biological communities due to their high abundance and strong impacts on native species, in part because they can be released from the ecological forces that limit native populations. However, little is known about the long-term dynamics of invasions; do invaders maintain their dominant status over long time spans, or do new ecological and evolutionary forces eventually develop to limit their populations? Alliaria petiolata is a Eurasian species that aggressively invades North American forest understories, in part due to the production of toxic phytochemicals. Here we document a marked decline in its phytotoxin production and a consequent decline in their impact on three native species, across a 50+ year chronosequence of Alliaria petiolata invasion. Genetic evidence suggests that these patterns result from natural selection for decreased phytotoxin production rather than founder effects during introduction and spread. These patterns are consistent with the finding of slowing A. petiolata population growth and rebounding native species abundance across a separate chronosequence in Illinois, U. S. These results suggest that this invader is developing evolutionary limits in its introduced range and highlight the importance of understanding the long-term processes that shape species invasions and their impacts. C1 [Lankau, Richard A.; Spyreas, Greg] Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Nuzzo, Victoria] Nat Area Consultants, Richford, NY 13835 USA. [Davis, Adam S.] USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lankau, RA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, 1816 S Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM ralankau@illinois.edu RI Lankau, Richard/B-9760-2008 OI Lankau, Richard/0000-0001-9995-328X FU Illinois Department of Natural Resources; United States Department of Agriculture [2007-02894] FX We thank Raghu Sathymurthy, Sue Post, Kelly Cook, Jeff Evans, Ed Luschei, John Cardina, Caleb Gordon, and Eleanor Pardini for providing seeds; Janeth Moncada for greenhouse maintenance; and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources for funding the Illinois Critical Trends Assessment Program. R. A. L. was funded by United States Department of Agriculture grant # 2007-02894. NR 39 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 18 U2 108 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 8 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 36 BP 15362 EP 15367 DI 10.1073/pnas.0905446106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 492CR UT WOS:000269632400051 PM 19706431 ER PT J AU Alaux, C Sinha, S Hasadsri, L Hunt, GJ Guzman-Novoa, E DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Uribe-Rubio, JL Southey, BR Rodriguez-Zas, S Robinson, GE AF Alaux, Cedric Sinha, Saurabh Hasadsri, Linda Hunt, Greg J. Guzman-Novoa, Ernesto DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria Luis Uribe-Rubio, Jose Southey, Bruce R. Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra Robinson, Gene E. TI Honey bee aggression supports a link between gene regulation and behavioral evolution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DIVISION-OF-LABOR; ALARM PHEROMONE; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; APIS-MELLIFERA; DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR; EXPRESSION; GENOMICS; DROSOPHILA; SEROTONIN; COLONIES AB A prominent theory states that animal phenotypes arise by evolutionary changes in gene regulation, but the extent to which this theory holds true for behavioral evolution is not known. Because "nature and nurture'' are now understood to involve hereditary and environmental influences on gene expression, we studied whether environmental influences on a behavioral phenotype, i.e., aggression, could have evolved into inherited differences via changes in gene expression. Here, with microarray analysis of honey bees, we show that aggression-related genes with inherited patterns of brain expression are also environmentally regulated. There were expression differences in the brain for hundreds of genes between the highly aggressive Africanized honey bee compared with European honey bee (EHB) subspecies. Similar results were obtained for EHB in response to exposure to alarm pheromone (which provokes aggression) and when comparing old and young bees (aggressive tendencies increase with age). There was significant overlap of the gene lists generated from these three microarray experiments. Moreover, there was statistical enrichment of several of the same cis regulatory motifs in promoters of genes on all three gene lists. Aggression shows a remarkably robust brain molecular signature regardless of whether it occurs because of inherited, age-related, or environmental (social) factors. It appears that one element in the evolution of different degrees of aggressive behavior in honey bees involved changes in regulation of genes that mediate the response to alarm pheromone. C1 [Alaux, Cedric; Robinson, Gene E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sinha, Saurabh; Southey, Bruce R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hasadsri, Linda] Univ Illinois, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Southey, Bruce R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Alaux, Cedric; Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra; Robinson, Gene E.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra; Robinson, Gene E.] Univ Illinois, Program Neurosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Guzman-Novoa, Ernesto] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Hunt, Greg J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Luis Uribe-Rubio, Jose] Inst Nacl Invest Forestales, Ctr Nacl Invest Fisiol Anim, Ajuchitlan 76280, Qro, Mexico. RP Robinson, GE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM generobi@illinois.edu RI Alaux, Cedric/B-4667-2013 FU Fyssen Foundation; National Institutes of Health [5 R01 GM068946]; Illinois Sociogenomics Initiative, National Institutes of Health [DC 006395]; US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2004-35604- 14277] FX We thank D. Caseman, M. Caseman, M. Chambers, T. Lucas, and M. Twotwo for assistance with bee collections; S. Liang, L. Qi, and Y. Wang for assistance with brain dissection; T. Newman and S. Zhang for assistance with microarray analysis and primer design; J. George for advice; and Y. BenShahar, Y. Le Conte, M. B. Sokolowski, L. J. Stubbs, and members of the Robinson lab for comments that improved the manuscript. This is part of a series of papers arising from a National Science Foundation Frontiers in Biological Research grant (B. R. Schatz, Principal Investigator) that uses large- scale analysis to explore the influences of heredity and the environment on brain gene expression and behavior. Additional funding was received from the Fyssen Foundation (to C. A.), National Institutes of Health Grant 5 R01 GM068946 (to S. R.- Z. and G. E. R.), the Illinois Sociogenomics Initiative, National Institutes of Health Grant DC 006395, and US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Grant 2004-35604-14277 (to G. E. R.). NR 51 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 8 U2 73 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 8 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 36 BP 15400 EP 15405 DI 10.1073/pnas.0907043106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 492CR UT WOS:000269632400058 PM 19706434 ER PT J AU Meinelt, T Matzke, S Stuber, A Pietrock, M Wienke, A Mitchell, AJ Straus, DL AF Meinelt, T. Matzke, S. Stueber, A. Pietrock, M. Wienke, A. Mitchell, A. J. Straus, D. L. TI Toxicity of peracetic acid (PAA) to tomonts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Peracetic acid; Toxicity; Wofasteril (R) ID MALACHITE GREEN; SALMONID FARMS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FORMULATIONS; WATER AB The free-living infective theront of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis historically has been thought to be the only stage susceptible to treatment. Here we introduce a technique to determine the toxicity of compounds to the newly released tomont, the encysted tomont and the developing tomites within the tomont that emerge as theronts. The toxicity of Wofasteril (R) E400 (40% peracetic acid, PAA) to free-living forms of I. multifiliis was determined shortly after tomonts were physically removed from the surface of the fish and at 2.5 and 24 h after removal. Results indicate that 0.6 to 0.9 mg 1(-1) PAA killed 39 to 82% of the newly released tomonts within 48 h when treated immediately. In a second experiment, tomonts were allowed to settle for 2.5 h after sampling from the skin and then treated for 12 h; concentrations >= 0.5 mg 1(-1) PAA produced significantly fewer theronts than the controls. In a third experiment, encysted tomonts that were exposed to PAA 24 h after sampling from the skin and treated for 2 or 4 h produced a variable amount of theronts, but the concentrations tested (0.5 to 3.0 mg 1(-1)) did not halt theront production. This research demonstrates that encysted I. multifiliis are less susceptible to chemical treatments. C1 [Meinelt, T.; Stueber, A.] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Matzke, S.] Humboldt Univ, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Pietrock, M.] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada. [Wienke, A.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Fac Med, Inst Med Epidemiol Biostat & Informat, D-06097 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Mitchell, A. J.; Straus, D. L.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Meinelt, T (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. EM meinelt@igb-berlin.de FU Schreiner-Foundation, Greppin, Germany FX We thank the Schreiner-Foundation, Greppin, Germany, for funding this study. We also thank Dr. Jander & Co. OHG and Zoo & Angelcenter Goral GbR (Germany) for providing infected fish. A. Radomski and C. Ledbetter provided critical reviews of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD SEP 7 PY 2009 VL 86 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.3354/dao02105 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 506UN UT WOS:000270802000007 PM 19899349 ER PT J AU Campbell, JC Laugero, KD Van Westerhuyzen, JA Hostetler, CM Cohen, JD Bales, KL AF Campbell, Joshua C. Laugero, Kevin D. Van Westerhuyzen, Julie A. Hostetler, Caroline M. Cohen, Justin D. Bales, Karen L. TI Costs of pair-bonding and paternal care in male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Paternal care; Prairie vole; Energetics; Metabolism; Leptin; Corticosterone ID COTTON-TOP TAMARINS; PARENTAL BEHAVIOR; FOOD AVAILABILITY; SAGUINUS-OEDIPUS; LEPTIN; REPRODUCTION; MONOGAMY; WEIGHT; MAINTENANCE; PHOTOPERIOD AB The direct costs of paternal care are relatively well documented in primates, however little research has explored these effects in monogamous rodents. The present study examines the long-term effects that pairing and parenting have on male prairie voles. We hypothesized that there would be a significant weight loss over the course of pairing and parenting, presumably from the energetic demands that accompany these changes in social condition. In a longitudinal study, we followed ten male prairie voles through being housed with their brother; paired with a female; and caring for three consecutive litters. We found a significant drop in bodyweight across time, with maximum weight loss near the weaning of the first litter. At that same time, feeding increased, leading to possible recovery in weight; however, leptin levels dropped precipitously across time and did not recover. Corticosterone did not change significantly across time points, and overall activity levels also did not vary significantly over the course of the study. In addition, newly paired males showed a significant increase in preference for a 2% sucrose solution during a three-hour test, indicating a metabolic need for more calories. A cross-sectional study confirmed leptin and corticosterone findings, and showed significant loss of subcutaneous (inguinal) fat in males that had cared for a litter of pups, when compared to males housed with their brothers or newly paired males. These results suggest that cohabitation with a female, and caring for pups, all have costs for male prairie voles. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Campbell, Joshua C.; Van Westerhuyzen, Julie A.; Hostetler, Caroline M.; Cohen, Justin D.; Bales, Karen L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Laugero, Kevin D.] Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bales, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM klbales@ucdavis.edu FU University of California at Davis, NIH [073022]; NSF [0437523] FX We thank Drs. Cindy Clayton and Terry Hewett for veterinary care, and Freddy Bassal for data scoring. Funding for this project was provided by the University of California at Davis, NIH 073022 to C. Sue Carter and KLB, and by NSF 0437523 to KLB. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD SEP 7 PY 2009 VL 98 IS 3 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.06.014 PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 491IH UT WOS:000269571600018 PM 19576236 ER PT J AU Cheatham, RA Roberts, SB Das, SK Gilhooly, CH Golden, JK Hyatt, R Lerner, D Saltzman, E Lieberman, HR AF Cheatham, Rachel A. Roberts, Susan B. Das, Sai Krupa Gilhooly, Cheryl H. Golden, Julie K. Hyatt, Raymond Lerner, Debra Saltzman, Edward Lieberman, Harris R. TI Long-term effects of provided low and high glycemic load low energy diets on mood and cognition SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE High glycemic load; Low glycemic load; Mood; Cognition; Energy metabolism ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LOW-FAT DIET; OBESE YOUNG-ADULTS; WEIGHT-LOSS; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE; BODY-COMPOSITION; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; OVERWEIGHT WOMEN; PERFORMANCE; BREAKFASTS AB Energy-restricted low glycemic load diets are being used increasingly for weight loss. However, the long-term effects of such regimens on mood and cognitive performance are not known. We assessed the effects of low glycemic load (LG) and high glycemic load (HG) energy-restricted diets on mood and cognitive performance during 6 months of a randomized controlled trial when all food was provided. Subjects were 42 healthy overweight adults (age 35 5 years; BMI 27.8 +/- 1.6 kg/m(2)) with a mean weight loss of 8.7 +/- 5.0% that did not differ significantly by diet randomization. Mood was assessed by using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. Cognitive performance was assessed by using computerized tests of simple reaction time, vigilance, learning, short-term memory and attention, and language-based logical reasoning. Worsening mood outcome over time was observed in the HG diet group compared to the LG for the depression subscale of POMS (p=0.009 after including hunger as a covariate). There was no significant change over time in any cognitive performance values. These findings suggest a negative effect of an HG weight loss diet on sub-clinical depression but, in contrast to a previous suggestion, provide no support for differential effects of LG versus HD diets on cognitive performance. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Roberts, Susan B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hyatt, Raymond] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lerner, Debra] Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA. [Lieberman, Harris R.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM susan.roberts@tufts.edu RI Hyatt, Raymond/A-1533-2009 FU National Institutes of Health [U01-AG20480]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401]; National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [K23 DK61506]; Boston Obesity Nutrition Research Center (BONRC) [H150001]; NIH T32 [DK62032-11] FX We thank our volunteers for their dedicated participation in the study, and the outstanding staff of the metabolic research unit for their expert help. Supported by National Institutes of Health grant U01-AG20480, U.S. Department of Agriculture under agreement No. 58-1950-4-401, K23 DK61506 from the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and Boston Obesity Nutrition Research Center (BONRC) H150001. R Cheatham was supported by a NIH T32 grant (#DK62032-11). Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Food and Drug Administration or the U.S. Army. NR 63 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD SEP 7 PY 2009 VL 98 IS 3 BP 374 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.06.015 PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 491IH UT WOS:000269571600019 PM 19576915 ER PT J AU Lingle, SE Viator, RP Johnson, RM Tew, TL Boykin, DL AF Lingle, Sarah E. Viator, Ryan P. Johnson, Richard M. Tew, Thomas L. Boykin, Deborah L. TI Recurrent selection for sucrose content has altered growth and sugar accumulation in sugarcane SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sugarcane; Growth; Stalk; Internode; Breeding; Yield components; Dry weight; Assimilate partitioning; Sucrose; Sugar ID METABOLISM; INVERTASE; LOUISIANA; CANE AB Sucrose content is one of the main factors sugarcane (Soccharum spp. hybrids) breeders use in selecting new cultivars. To determine how growth and sugar content have been altered by six cycles of recurrent selection for sucrose, five cultivars from the first generation (released from 1924 to 1933) were compared with five cultivars from the seventh generation (released from 2003 to 2007). In July of 2006 and 2007, we flagged 20 stalks per plot and marked the top internode that was just beginning to elongate. We then sampled one stalk per plot at weekly to biweekly intervals for 12 weeks. We measured stalk length and internode number, and the length, fresh weight, dry weight, water content, and sugar content of the marked internode. Stalks from the Generation 7 cultivars were taller, and had more internodes than those from Generation 1 cultivars. The marked internodes of Generation 7 and Generation I cultivars had similar elongation rates during early development, but elongation ended earlier in Generation 7 cultivars so that internodes of Generation 7 cultivars were shorter when fully elongated than those of Generation I cultivars. These shorter internodes had lower fresh weights, but similar dry weights as the longer Generation 1 internodes. Water content also decreased faster in Generation 7 than Generation I internodes. Generation 7 internodes had more total sugar and more sucrose throughout development. Generation 7 internodes also maintained a higher sucrose:total sugar ratio until the end of the sampling period. We conclude that recurrent selection for sucrose content in sugarcane has altered the allocation of photosynthate from growth to storage within the internode. This is possibly due to a change in the regulation of sucrose metabolism within the internode. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lingle, Sarah E.] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Viator, Ryan P.; Johnson, Richard M.; Tew, Thomas L.] USDA ARS, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Boykin, Deborah L.] USDA ARS, Mid S Area, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lingle, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sarah.lingle@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for information purposes and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other suitable products. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD SEP 4 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 3 BP 306 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.06.015 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 486KD UT WOS:000269194000014 ER PT J AU Skinner, DZ Mackey, B AF Skinner, Daniel Z. Mackey, Bruce TI Freezing tolerance of winter wheat plants frozen in saturated soil SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wheat; Cold; Freezing tolerance ID LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; COLD-ACCLIMATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; VERNALIZATION ALLELES; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; FROST-RESISTANCE; COMMON WHEAT; HARDINESS; WCS120 AB Winter wheat is sown in the autumn and harvested the following summer, necessitating the ability to survive subfreezing temperatures for several months. Autumn months in wheat-growing regions typically experience significant rainfall. Hence, the wheat plants usually are exposed to freezing temperatures when they have high moisture content and are growing in very wet soil. Both of these conditions are conducive to freezing stresses different from those that occur under lower moisture conditions. This study was conducted to seek genetic variability among winter wheat lines and their progeny in the ability to tolerate freezing in saturated soil. Fully acclimated seedlings in saturated soil were frozen to a narrow range of temperature conditions that resulted in about 50% mortality of the most freezing tolerant lines studied. The temperature of the soil near the crowns of the plants was recorded every 2 min throughout each freezing episode. The following components were then determined for each freezing episode: the amount of time the plants remained in subfreezing temperature before all freezable water had been converted to ice; the rate of cooling from the freezing temperature to the minimum temperature; the minimum temperature; the length of time the plants remained at the minimum temperature; the rate of temperature increase from the minimum to 0 degrees C after freezing; and the total amount of time the plants were actually frozen. Partial regression analysis revealed the minimum temperature significantly influenced survival in all of the progeny populations, while the other five components significantly influenced survival in some, but not all of the populations, suggesting genotypic differences in the ability to tolerate variation in specific aspects of the freezing process. Evidence from progeny populations suggested that improved freezing tolerance was associated with decreased sensitivity to the length of time held at the minimum temperature and increased responsiveness to the post-freezing warming rate. Further analysis of this kind of variation may enable the genetic combining of sources of tolerance of the stresses imposed by specific components of the freezing process, leading to cultivars with improved tolerance of freezing in saturated soil. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Skinner, Daniel Z.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Skinner, Daniel Z.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mackey, Bruce] USDA ARS, Biometry Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dzs@wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS [5348-21430-003-00D] FX The authors thank Brian Bellinger for excellent technical assistance. This project was supported by USDA-ARS project 5348-21430-003-00D. Mentionof product names does not represent an endorsement of any product or company but is given only to clarify the methodology; other products may be equally effective. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 EI 1872-6852 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD SEP 4 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 3 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.06.014 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 486KD UT WOS:000269194000018 ER PT J AU Powers, SL Warren, ML AF Powers, Steven L. Warren, Melvin L., Jr. TI Phylogeography of Three Snubnose Darters (Percidae: Slabgenus Ulocentra) Endemic to the Southeastern US Coastal Plain SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; SUBGENUS ULOCENTRA; GENUS ETHEOSTOMA; NORTH-AMERICA; RIVER SYSTEM; CONSERVATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; TELEOSTEI; GENETICS AB The Yazoo Darter, Etheostomo raneyi (Percidae: subgenus Ulocentra), is a narrowly restricted endemic occurring in small tributaries in the Loessial Hills of the upper Yazoo River basin in northern Mississippi. The range of the species is shared between the Little Tallahatchie and adjacent upper Yocona rivers, but populations In the two rivers are separated by unsuitable habitat in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. The Chickasaw Darter, Etheostoma cervus, and Firebelly Darter, E. pyrrhogaster, show analogous distributions In the Forked Deer and Obion rivers, respectively, of western Tennessee and Kentucky. Phylogenetic analyses of cyt b and control region mtDNA (1497 sites) data from E. raneyi (n = 12), E. cervus (n = 4), and E. pyrrhogoster (n = 5) recovered two clades of E. raneyi with high bootstrap and decay support that are congruent with localities of specimens from the Little Tallahatchie and Yocona drainages, respectively. Divergence between the clades of E. raneyi was 1.3% (SE = 0.3%). Within drainage divergence was 0.3% (SE = 0.1%) for the Little Tallahatchie clade and 0.1% (SE < 0.1%) for the Yocona clade. Etheostoma cervus and E. pyrrhogaster showed interspecific divergence of 1.3% (SE = 0.2%) and intraspecific divergence of 0.7% (SE = 0.2%) and 0.8% (SE = 0.2%), respectively. These results suggest Isolation by vicariance as a mode of speciation in fishes restricted to the Upper Coastal Plain. Conservation action may be In order for E. raneyi as populations from the Little Tallahatchie and Yocona rivers should be treated as separate management units with the latter known from only five small streams, some of which are threatened by encroaching development. C1 [Powers, Steven L.] Roanoke Coll, Dept Biol, Roanoke, VA 24153 USA. [Warren, Melvin L., Jr.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Powers, SL (reprint author), Roanoke Coll, Dept Biol, Roanoke, VA 24153 USA. EM powers@roanoke.edu; mwarren01@fs.fed.us FU Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Asheville, NC FX For help in the field and other courtesies, we thank S. Adams, A. Cominens-Carson, W. Haag, C. Harwell, G. Henderson, C. Jenkins, B. Kuhajda, R. Mayden, G. McWhirter, and 1999-2003 Mississippi National Forest Stream Teams. Fishes were collected under Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency permit number 713 and an unnumbered permit from the Department of Mississippi Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks. The study was funded in part by the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Asheville, NC. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 3 PY 2009 IS 3 BP 523 EP 528 DI 10.1643/CI-08-047 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 494AT UT WOS:000269782200012 ER PT J AU Kupferberg, SJ Catenazzi, A Lunde, K Lind, AJ Palen, WJ AF Kupferberg, Sarah J. Catenazzi, Alessandro Lunde, Kevin Lind, Amy J. Palen, Wendy J. TI Parasitic Copepod (Lernaea cyprinacea) Outbreaks in Foothill Yellow-legged Frogs (Rana boylii) Linked to Unusually Warm Summers and Amphibian Malformations in Northern California SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION DECLINES; RIBEIROIA INFECTION; LIMB DEVELOPMENT; DISEASE; RIVER; METAMORPHOSIS; DEFORMITIES; ECOLOGY; SIZE AB How climate change may affect parasite-host assemblages and emerging Infectious diseases Is an Important question In amphibian decline research. We present data supporting a link between periods of unusually warm summer water temperatures during 2006 and 2008 In a northern California river, outbreaks of the parasitic copepod Lernaea cyprinacea, and malformations in tadpoles and young of the year Foothill Yellow-legged Frogs (Rana boylii). Relative to baseline data gathered since 1989, both 2006 and 2008 had significantly longer periods when daily mean water temperatures exceeded 20 degrees C compared to years without copepod outbreaks. Infestation varied spatially In the watershed, as prevalence Increased concomitantly with temperature along a 5.2 km longitudinal transect. At breeding sites of R. boylii with copepods in 2006, Infestation ranged from 2.9% of Individuals upstream to 58.3% downstream. In 2008, copepods were absent from the most upstream sites and Infested up to 28.6% of Individuals sampled at downstream locations. Copepods most frequently embedded near a hind limb or the cloaca. Among Individuals with parasites In 2006, 26.5% had morphological abnormalities compared to 1.1% of un-infested individuals. In 2008 when the infestation peak occurred late In development (post Gosner stage 39), abnormalities, were not associated with copepod Infestation. In both years, recently metamorphosed frogs with copepods were, on average, slightly smaller than those not Infested. These occurrences represent a sudden Increase in local prevalence atypical for this river ecosystem. Previously we had only once seen copepods on amphibians (on non-native Bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana), six km further downstream. Pacific Chorus Frogs, Pseudocris regilla, which co-occur with R. boylii in shallow near shore habitats were not used as hosts. The data suggest that Increasing summer water temperatures, decreased daily discharge, or a combination of both, promote outbreaks of this non-native parasite on an Indigenous host, and could present a threat to the long-term conservation of R. boylii under the flow regime scenarios predicted by climate change models. C1 [Kupferberg, Sarah J.; Catenazzi, Alessandro] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lunde, Kevin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lind, Amy J.] USDA Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Palen, Wendy J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Kupferberg, SJ (reprint author), Questa Engn, POB 70356,1220 Brickyard Cove Rd,Suite 206, Pt Richmond, CA 94807 USA. EM Skupferberg@gmail.com; acatenazzi@gmail.com; klunde@nature.berkeley.edu; alind@fs.fed.us; wpalen@sfu.ca RI Catenazzi, Alessandro/C-8615-2009; Lunde, Kevin/D-4202-2009 OI Catenazzi, Alessandro/0000-0002-3650-4783; FU Public Interest Energy Research Program of the California Energy Commission; Pulsed Flow Program of the Center of Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture of UC Davis (Kupferberg and Lind); National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics; National Science Foundation Science Technology Center (Palen); Swiss National Science Foundation (post-doctoral fellowship for Catenazzi); Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (Lunde); UC Davis Animal Care and Use Committee [06-12357]; UC Berkeley Animal Care and Use Committee [R132-0809]; California Department of Fish and Game [SC-008820, SC-001608, SC-008784] FX This research was supported by grants from the Public Interest Energy Research Program of the California Energy Commission and the Division of Water Rights of the State Water Resources Control Board through the Pulsed Flow Program of the Center of Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture of UC Davis (Kupferberg and Lind); the National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics, a National Science Foundation Science Technology Center (Palen); the Swiss National Science Foundation (post-doctoral fellowship for Catenazzi); the Environmental Protection Agency STAR Fellowship, and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (Lunde). L. Gray, L. Fraser, J. Smythe, and her environmental Studies class from the College Preparatory School (Oakland, CA) helped with field work. N. Nieto helped with parasite identification. We thank the University of California Natural Reserve System for maintaining the Angelo Coast Range Reserve as a protected site for basic research, and M. Power, P. Steel, and C. Bode for logistical help, environmental data and analysis, and egg mass censusing. This research was approved by the UC Davis Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol 06-12357), the UC Berkeley Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol R132-0809), and the California Department of Fish and Game (Permits SC-008820 to Kupferberg, SC-001608 to Lind, and SC-008784 to Lunde). NR 76 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 3 PY 2009 IS 3 BP 529 EP 537 DI 10.1643/CH-08-011 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 494AT UT WOS:000269782200013 ER PT J AU Fay, PA Schultz, MJ AF Fay, Philip A. Schultz, Megan J. TI Germination, survival, and growth of grass and forb seedlings: Effects of soil moisture variability SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allocation; Biomass; Climate change; Community; Establishment; Extreme events; Functional group; Grassland; Plant life-form; Rainfall ID SEED-GERMINATION; HYDRATION-DEHYDRATION; WATER; RESPONSES; TEMPERATURE; RAINFALL; CYCLES; PRECIPITATION; ASTERACEAE; DIVERSITY AB Seed germination and seedling growth, survivorship, and final biomass and their responses to watering interval were studied in two grass and six forb species to assess germination and seedling growth responses to increased soil moisture variability as might occur with future increases in precipitation variability. Seeds were planted in prairie soil and watered at 1, 2, 4, or 7 d intervals (1). Seed germination peaked at I = 4 d whereas leaf growth in grasses and forbs, and final biomass in grasses peaked at I = 7 cl, suggesting that growth and biomass were favored at greater soil moisture variability than seed germination. Biomass responses to I were stronger than the germination responses, suggesting that soil moisture variability more strongly influenced post germination growth. Individual species responses to I fell into three groups; those with responses to I for: (1) seed germination and seedling survival, (2) biomass, or (3) both germination and biomass production. These species groups may be more useful than life form (i.e., grass/forb) for understanding seed germination and seedling dynamics in grasslands during periods of soil moisture variability. Seed germination and early growth may assume more importance in grassland plant community dynamics under more variable precipitation patterns. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Fay, Philip A.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Schultz, Megan J.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP Fay, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM philip.fay@ars.usda.gov OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316 FU USDA-NRCS Plant Materials Center (Manhattan, KS); NSF [02-12409]; Natural Resources Research Institute FX We thank Brad Dewey for technical assistance, Armen Kemanian, Wayne Polley, and Terri Beth Teaschner for their improvements to the manuscript, Andrea Griffith for manuscript preparation, the USDA-NRCS Plant Materials Center (Manhattan, KS) for Andropogon and Sorghastrum seed, and NSF (02-12409) and the Natural Resources Research Institute for funding. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 38 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1146-609X J9 ACTA OECOL JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 35 IS 5 BP 679 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.actao.2009.06.007 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 506BP UT WOS:000270748300018 ER PT J AU Lee, JA Zobeck, TM AF Lee, Jeffrey A. Zobeck, Ted M. TI Aeolian research SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lee, Jeffrey A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Econ & Geog, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Zobeck, Ted M.] ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Lee, JA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Econ & Geog, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM jeff.lee@ttu.edu; ted.zobeck@ars.usda.gov RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012; OI Lee, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2265-385X NR 2 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2009.06.001 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA V20CN UT WOS:000208118200001 ER PT J AU Van Pelt, RS Peters, P Visser, S AF Van Pelt, R. Scott Peters, Piet Visser, Saskia TI Laboratory wind tunnel testing of three commonly used saltation impact sensors SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Saltation; Wind erosion; Field instrumentation; Acoustic sensor; Piezo-electric sensor; Impact sensor AB Saltation Impact Sensors (SIS) of acoustic and piezo-electric design are increasingly used to study wind erosion in the laboratory and in the field. In spite of their wide-spread use, little is known about how to compare data collected with the different types of SIS or what physical limitations may exist. We tested four each of the Saltiphone, an acoustic sensor, and four each of the Sensit and Safire, two piezo-electric sensors, for sampling efficiency in a laboratory wind tunnel. We tested each SIS with seven diameter ranges of glass beads from 53 to 420 mu m diameter inclusive at wind speeds of 7.5, 10, and 15 m s(-1) both with a multiplexer in the circuit and without a multiplexer in the circuit. In another wind tunnel, we tested the sensors at the three wind speeds using Kootwijkerzand drift sand with a median diameter of 299 mu m and also with a simulated 100 mm h(-1) rainfall. All SIS appeared to be unable to detect impacts from beads of less than 100 mu m diameter with the exception of the Sensit at the 15 m s(-1) wind speed. The Sensit had the lowest threshold diameter of bead to which it would respond followed closely by the Saltiphone. The Safire was insensitive to beads of less than 200 mu m diameter at any wind speed. The threshold diameter tended to decrease and all instruments became more efficient at detecting impacts as the wind speed and resulting particle momentum increased. The response of the SIS efficiencies to the presence of a multiplexer in the circuit varied among the SIS types. The Sensit was least sensitive to raindrop noise and the Saltiphone was most sensitive. Within each SIS type, inter-instrument variability of sampling efficiencies raised concerns about the use of SIS to quantify saltation in the field or laboratory. Further, radial bias in the piezo-electrically based sensors would contribute additive errors as wind direction varied during an event or between events. We believe that the use of SIS in wind erosion studies should be limited to the study of temporal or spatial patterns of saltation and should not be used to quantify saltation unless the sensors have been calibrated for the specific soil and wind conditions of the event. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Van Pelt, R. Scott] USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. [Peters, Piet; Visser, Saskia] Wageningen Univ, Eros Soil & Water Conservat Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Van Pelt, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, 302 W 1-20, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. EM scott.vanpelt@ars.usda.gov; Piet.Peters@wur.nl; Saskia.Faye-Visser@wur.nl NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2009.05.001 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA V20CN UT WOS:000208118200006 ER PT J AU Palacios, OM Carmona, JJ Michan, S Chen, KY Manabe, Y Ward, JL Goodyear, LJ Tong, Q AF Palacios, Orsolya M. Carmona, Juan J. Michan, Shaday Chen, Ke Yun Manabe, Yasuko Ward, Jack Lee, III Goodyear, Laurie J. Tong, Qiang TI Diet and exercise signals regulate SIRT3 and activate AMPK and PGC-1 alpha in skeletal muscle SO AGING-US LA English DT Article DE SIRT3; AMPK; PGC-1 alpha; caloric restriction; skeletal muscle; exercise; high-fat diet ID PROTEIN-KINASE; CALORIE RESTRICTION; MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS; DEPENDENT DEACETYLASE; LYSINE ACETYLATION; COACTIVATOR PGC-1; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOUSE SIRT3; C-ELEGANS; SIRTUINS AB SIRT3 is a member of the sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases, which is localized to the mitochondria and is enriched in kidney, brown adipose tissue, heart, and other metabolically active tissues. We report here that SIRT3 responds dynamically to both exercise and nutritional signals in skeletal muscle to coordinate downstream molecular responses. We show that exercise training increases SIRT3 expression as well as associated CREB phosphorylation and PGC-1 alpha up-regulation. Furthermore, we show that SIRT3 is more highly expressed in slow oxidative type I soleus muscle-compared to fast type II extensor digitorum longus or gastrocnemius muscles. Additionally, we find that SIRT3 protein-levels in skeletal muscle are sensitive to diet, for SIRT3 expression increases by fasting and caloric restriction, yet it is decreased by high-fat diet. Interestingly, the caloric restriction regimen also leads to phospho-activation of AMPK in muscle. Conversely in SIRT3 knockout mice, we find that the phosphorylation of both AMPK and CREB and the expression of PGC-1 alpha are down regulated, suggesting that these key cellular factors may be important components of SIRT3-mediated biological signals in vivo. C1 [Palacios, Orsolya M.; Chen, Ke Yun; Ward, Jack Lee, III; Tong, Qiang] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Carmona, Juan J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Carmona, Juan J.; Michan, Shaday] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Paul F Glenn Labs Biol Mech Aging, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Carmona, Juan J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Canc, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. [Carmona, Juan J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Soc Human Dev & Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Manabe, Yasuko; Goodyear, Laurie J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Joslin Diabet Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Manabe, Yasuko; Goodyear, Laurie J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Tong, Q (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM qtong@bcm.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [T32 HD007445]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Predoctoral Fellowship; NIH [RO1DK068626, RO1DK075978]; U. S. Department of Agriculture [CRIS 6250-51000-049] FX We thank Dr. E. O'Brian Smith for assistance with statistical analysis, Dr. Martin Young for valuable discussions/suggestions, and Margaret Nguyen for technical assistance. O.M.P. was supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) training grant (T32 HD007445) and J.J.C. by a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Predoctoral Fellowship. L.J.G. received support from a NIH grant (RO1DK068626). This work was also supported by grants to Q. T. from the U. S. Department of Agriculture (CRIS 6250-51000-049) and the NIH (RO1DK075978). NR 64 TC 195 Z9 204 U1 2 U2 20 PU IMPACT JOURNALS LLC PI ALBANY PA 6211 TIPTON HOUSE, STE 6, ALBANY, NY 12203 USA SN 1945-4589 J9 AGING-US JI Aging-US PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 9 BP 771 EP 783 PG 13 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 579UU UT WOS:000276402400005 PM 20157566 ER PT J AU Ferrier, P AF Ferrier, Peyton TI Quality Improvement Through Consumer Sorting and Disposal SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article ID HAPTIC INFORMATION AB Sorting allows consumers it capture the Value of quality differences As higher quality goods are removed, the value of the seller's remaining stock falls, lowering the price and profits Bundling and other marketing mechanisms call discourage sorting and prevent the depreciation of the seller's stock With comparative statics and simulations, the author that sellers call increase expected quality and profits by committing to discard a proportion of their resale stock after sorting Occurs In this manner. Sorting acts similarly to agricultural grading [EconLit Classification Q1, Q11, Q13, L0, L1, D8, D82] (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Ferrier, P (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM pferrier@ers.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0742-4477 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD FAL PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 534 EP 549 DI 10.1002/agr.20223 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 511BP UT WOS:000271139200006 ER PT J AU Hunsaker, DJ El-Shikha, DM Clarke, TR French, AN Thorp, KR AF Hunsaker, D. J. El-Shikha, D. M. Clarke, T. R. French, A. N. Thorp, K. R. TI Using ESAP software for predicting the spatial distributions of NDVI and transpiration of cotton SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Crop coefficients; Irrigation management; Crop water use ID CROP MANAGEMENT; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB Observations of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from aerial imagery can be used to infer the spatial variability of basal crop coefficients (Kcb), which in turn provide a means to estimate variable crop water use within irrigated fields. However, monitoring spatial Kcb at sufficient temporal resolution using only aerial acquisitions would likely not be cost-effective for growers. In this study, we evaluated a model-based sampling approach, ESAP (ECe Sampling, Assessment, and Prediction), aimed at reducing the number of seasonal aerial images needed for reliable Kcb monitoring. Aerial imagery of NDVI was acquired over an experimental cotton field having two treatments of irrigation scheduling, three plant density levels, and two N levels. During both 2002 and 2003, ESAP software used input imagery of NDVI on three separate dates to select three ground sampling designs having 6, 12, and 20 sampling locations. On three subsequent dates during both the years, NDVI data obtained at the design locations were then used to predict the spatial distribution of NDVI for the entire field. Regression of predicted versus imagery observed NDVI resulted in r(2) values from 0.48 to 0.75 over the six dates, where higher r2 values occurred for predictions made near full cotton cover than those made at partial cover. Prediction results for NOW were generally similar for all three sample designs. Cumulative transpiration (Tr) for periods from 14 to 28 days was calculated for treatment plots using Kcb values estimated from NDVI. Estimated cumulative Tr using either observed NDVI from imagery or predicted NDVI from ESAP procedures compared favorably with measured cumulative Tr determined from soil water balance measurements for each treatment plot. Except during late season cotton senescence, errors in estimated cumulative Tr were between 3.0% and 7.3% using observed NDVI, whereas they were they were between 3.4% and 8.8% using ESAP-predicted NDVI with the 12 sample design. Thus, employing a few seasonal aerial acquisitions made in conjunction with NDVI measurements at 20 or less ground locations optimally determined using ESAP. could provide a cost-effective method for reliably estimating the spatial distribution of crop water use, thereby improving cotton irrigation scheduling and management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hunsaker, D. J.; Clarke, T. R.; French, A. N.; Thorp, K. R.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ USA. [El-Shikha, D. M.] Univ Arizona, Maricopa, AZ USA. RP Hunsaker, DJ (reprint author), US Arid Land Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM doug.hunsaker@ars.usda.gov RI French, Andrew/M-4734-2014; Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI French, Andrew/0000-0002-4018-1817; Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1293 EP 1304 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.04.014 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 463EM UT WOS:000267412200003 ER PT J AU Ko, JH Piccinni, G Steglich, E AF Ko, Jonghan Piccinni, Giovanni Steglich, Evelyn TI Using EPIC model to manage irrigated cotton and maize SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Crop model; EPIC; Crop evapotranspiration; Irrigation management ID CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY; PROJECT GAP AREA; DEFICIT IRRIGATION; SIMULATION-MODELS; DRIP IRRIGATION; YIELD RESPONSE; CORN; SOIL; STRATEGIES; TIME AB Simulation models are becoming of interest as a decision support system for management and assessment of crop water use and of crop production. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model was used to evaluate its application as a decision support tool for irrigation management of cotton and maize under South Texas conditions. Simulation of the model was performed to determine crop yield, crop water use, and the relationships between the yield and crop water use parameters such as crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and water use efficiency (WUE). We measured actual ETc using a weighing lysimeter and crop yields by field sampling, and then calibrated the model. The measured variables were compared with simulated variables using EPIC. Simulated ETc agreed with the lysimeter, in general, but some simulated ETc were biased compared with measured ETc. EPIC also simulated the variability in crop yields at different irrigation regimes. Furthermore, EPIC was used to simulate yield responses at various irrigation regimes with farm fields' data. Maize required similar to 700 mm of water input and similar to 650 mm of ETc to achieve a maximum yield of 8.5 Mg ha(-1) while cotton required between 700 and 900 mm of water input and between 650 and 750 mm of ETc to achieve a maximum yield of 2.0-2.5 Mg ha(-1). The simulation results demonstrate that the EPIC model can be used as a decision support tool for the crops under full and deficit irrigation conditions in South Texas. EPIC appears to be effective in making long-term and pre-season decisions for irrigation management of crops, while reference ET and phenologically based crop coefficients can be used for in-season irrigation management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ko, Jonghan] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Piccinni, Giovanni] Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA. [Steglich, Evelyn] Texas A&M Univ, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Ko, Jonghan; Piccinni, Giovanni] Texas A&M Univ, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. RP Ko, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Jonghan.Ko@ars.usda.gov FU Texas Water Development Board [0603580596]; Rio Grande Basin Initiative [2005-34461-15661] FX This study is a partial outcome of the Precision Irrigators Network (PIN) project, funded by Texas Water Development Board (TWDB: Project No. 0603580596), and Rio Grande Basin Initiative (RGBI: Grant No. 2005-34461-15661). The authors would like to express their appreciation to Brian Trees and Amy Wentz for taking field measurements and Texas Water Resources Institute (TWRI) for administrative project assistance. We also thank Dr. Clothier and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 EI 1873-2283 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1323 EP 1331 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.03.021 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 463EM UT WOS:000267412200006 ER PT J AU Perry, MEL Schacht, WH Ruark, GA Brandle, JR AF Perry, Michael E. L. Schacht, Walter H. Ruark, Gregory A. Brandle, James R. TI Tree canopy effect on grass and grass/legume mixtures in eastern Nebraska SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Andropogon gerardii Vitman; Bromus inermis Leyss.; Leaf area index; Light transmittance; Lotus corniculatus L.; Silvopasture ID C4 PERENNIAL GRASSES; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; FORAGE QUALITY; GROWTH; RESPONSES; SHADE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DIGESTIBILITY; PLANTATIONS; IRRADIANCE AB A study to determine the feasibility of producing forage for grazing livestock under trees was conducted as a step toward evaluating the potential for silvopasture systems in the northern and central Great Plains. The effects of overstory leaf area index (LAI), percentage understory light transmittance (LT), and soil moisture (SM) on yield and crude protein (CP) of big bluestem [Andropogon gerardii Vitman; (BB)], smooth bromegrass [Bromus inermis Leyss.; (SB)], and mixtures with birdsfoot trefoil [Lotus corniculatus L.; (BFT)] were examined. The study was conducted in both Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvancia Marsh.) tree plantations, at the University of Nebraska Agriculture Research and Development Center near Mead, Nebraska. Thirty-six plots representing a wide range of canopy cover were selected at each location and seeded in April 2000 to BB, SB, or mixtures with BFT. Measurements of LAI, LT, and SM were taken throughout the 2001-growing season and plots were harvested in June and September 2001. Soil moisture generally did not explain much of the variability in yield or CP for BB, SB, or BFT. Cumulative LAI or LT averaged over the growing season was the best predictor of yield or CP, particularly under the pine. Yields of BB and SB increased as LAI decreased or LT increased. Conversely, the CP of BB and SB increased as LT decreased for both the June and September harvests. Both BB and SB maintain relatively high productivity under partial shading; however, BFT yields were low at LT levels below 75%. C1 [Perry, Michael E. L.] Nat Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Minden Field Off, Minden, NE 68959 USA. [Schacht, Walter H.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Ruark, Gregory A.] USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Brandle, James R.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Perry, MEL (reprint author), Nat Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Minden Field Off, 1005 S Brown Ave, Minden, NE 68959 USA. EM michael.perry2@ne.usda.gov FU USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station; USDA National Agroforestry Center; McIntyre Stennis Forestry Research Fund; Center for Great Plains Studies FX The authors express appreciation to Richard Carmen, Michael Guderjan, Jeremy Hiller, Ann Koehler, Dr. Lowell Moser, Dr. David Nielsen, Elena Perry, and Dr. Michele Schoeneberger for their excellent technical assistance during the experiment. Without the assistance of these individuals, the completion of this research would not have been possible. This project was supported in part by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, the USDA National Agroforestry Center, the McIntyre Stennis Forestry Research Fund, and the Center for Great Plains Studies. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 77 IS 1 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s10457-009-9234-x PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 482DX UT WOS:000268865600003 ER PT J AU Kovar, JL Claassen, N AF Kovar, John L. Claassen, Norbert TI Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Three Riparian Grass Species SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; UPTAKE KINETICS; SOIL SOLUTION; PLANTS; WATER; DYNAMICS; RUNOFF; BUFFER; ROOTS; MAIZE AB Riparian buffers can significantly reduce sediment-bound P entering surface water, but control of dissolved P inputs is more challenging. Because plant roots remove P from soil solution, it follows that plant uptake can reduce dissolved P losses. We evaluated P uptake of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and switchgrass (Panicum vitgatum L.) grown in a flowing nutrient solution culture system with P concentrations of 1 or 100 mu mol L(-1). Plants were destructively sampled at approximately 0, 26, 40, and 53 days after transplanting (DAT). In a separate, concurrent experiment, we simulated the effect of an inflow of runoff with low or high dissolved P by switching a subset of pots approximately 40 DAT. When grown in 1 mu mol L(-1) P solution, shoot dry matter (DM) yield increased in the order bromegrass < switchgrass < canarygrass. When grown in 100 mu mol L(-1) P solution, shoot DM yield increased in the order bromegrass = canarygrass < switchgrass. Shoot P content was correlated with shoot DM yield; however, switchgrass was the only species that had higher P content in plants grown in 100 mu mol L(-1) P solution than in 1 mu mol L(-1) P solution. When solution P concentration was abruptly increased or decreased, P uptake was affected more than plant growth. Shoot P concentration of canarygrass increased more than 3.5-fold when the plants were switched from 1 mu mol L(-1) P solution to 100 mu mol L(-1) P solution. Shoot P concentration of switchgrass followed the same trend. The results of this solution-culture experiment suggest that canarygrass and switchgrass would more effectively deplete dissolved P than would bromegrass. C1 [Kovar, John L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Claassen, Norbert] Univ Gottingen, Dept Crop Sci, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. RP Kovar, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM john.kovar@ars.usda.gov FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Bonn, Germany FX Support for this research was provided in part by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Bonn, Germany. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Bernd Steingrobe, Susanne Koch, Marlies Niebuhr, Birgit Eichenberg, and Martina Noltkamper for their assistance with this project. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1060 EP 1067 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0088x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 493IG UT WOS:000269729400005 ER PT J AU Catangui, MA Beckendorf, EA Riedell, WE AF Catangui, Michael A. Beckendorf, Eric A. Riedell, Walter E. TI Soybean Aphid Population Dynamics, Soybean Yield Loss, and Development of Stage-Specific Economic Injury Levels SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEED YIELD; HEMIPTERA; GREENHOUSE; HOMOPTERA AB Stage-specific economic injury levels (EILs) form the basis of integrated pest management for soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Experimental objectives were to develop a procedure for calculating EILs of the soybean aphid specific to the R2 (full bloom), R4 (full pod), and R5 (beginning seed) soybean development stages using the law of the diminishing increment regression model. Soybean aphid population growth over time appeared to follow the symmetrical bell-shaped and logistic growth curve models. Peak soybean aphid population levels and rates of increase occurred at the R5 development stage and then declined sharply thereafter. Highest peak soybean aphid populations were 21,626 aphids plant(-1) for infestations starting at V5, and 6446 aphids plant(-1) for infestations starting at R2. Highest maximum aphid-days plant(-1) recorded were 537,217 for V5-introduced soybean aphids and 148,609 aphid-days plant(-1) for R2-introduced soybean aphids. On average, the calculated maximum possible yield loss was 75% for soybean aphid infestations starting at the V5 (five node) stage and 48% for soybean aphid infestations starting at the R2 stage. Interrelationships among the current or predicted market value of soybean, cost of soybean aphid control, and the yield potential of the soybean field were considered in the calculations of the stage-specific EILs. Practical examples for calculating stage-specific EILs are presented. Economic injury levels were calculated both as soybean aphids plant(-1) and soybean aphid-days plant. Use of these stage-specific EILs may enable growers to manage soybean aphids more accurately. C1 [Beckendorf, Eric A.; Riedell, Walter E.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Catangui, Michael A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM walter.riedell@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1080 EP 1092 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0233x PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 493IG UT WOS:000269729400007 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, WT Molin, WT Stetina, SR AF Pettigrew, William T. Molin, W. T. Stetina, S. R. TI Impact of Varying Planting Dates and Tillage Systems on Cotton Growth and Lint Yield Production SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; WINTER COVER; HIGH-PLAINS; WHEAT; EMERGENCE AB As economic conditions deteriorated, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producers have looked to improve profit margins by reducting inputs while maintaining yields. pairing the yield benefits from earl), planting with the input reductions from conservation tillage might help accomplish those goals. The objective was to determine how growth, lint yield, and fiber quality were impacted by planting cotton early while using minimum tillage. Four cotton cultivars were planted either during the first week in April (Early) or the first week in May (Normal) in 2004 to 2007. Half the plots were conventional tillage and half were minimum tillage. Dry matter partitioning, flowering, root hydraulic conductance, leaf water potential, lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality data were collected. Cultivars differed in leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, and root hydraulic conductance. Root hydraulic conductance for the early planting was 21% greater than the normal planting, but no differences were detected between tillage treatments. Early planting increased yields 22% in 2007, but yields did not differ between planting dates any other year. During 2006 and 2007, lint yields were reduced 13% when minimum tillage was employed. No planting date x tillage treatment interactions were detected, so the same response to minimum tillage could be expected regardless of whether the planting occurred in early April or early May. Even though yield reductions were occasionally observed with minimum tillage, the pairing of minimum tillage with early planting could be a viable option for producers because of the input reduction. C1 [Pettigrew, William T.; Stetina, S. R.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Molin, W. T.] ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Pettigrew, WT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bill.pettigrew@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1131 EP 1138 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0073 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 493IG UT WOS:000269729400013 ER PT J AU Zhang, TJ Wang, XG Wang, YW Han, JG Mao, PS Majerus, M AF Zhang, Tiejun Wang, Xianguo Wang, Yunwen Han, Jianguo Mao, Peisheng Majerus, Mark TI Plant Growth Regulator Effects on Balancing Vegetative and Reproductive Phases in Alfalfa Seed Yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L.; ENVIRONMENT AB The use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) has opened new prospects for increased seed production in grasses and legumes, but little information is available on the effects of PGRs on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed production. This study, was conducted to evaluate the effects of applying chlormequat chloride (CCC) (2-chloroethyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride) in combination with five PGRs {naphthylacetic acid [1-naphthylacetic acid], sodium nitrophenolate, gibberellic acid 3 [2,4a,7-trihydroxy-1-methyl-methylenegibb-3-ene-1,10-carboxylic acid-1, 4a-lactone], triacontanol [1-triacontanol], and brassinolidc [(22R,23R,24R)-2 alpha,3 alpha,22,23-tetrahydroxy-beta-homo-7-oxa-5 alpha-ergostan-6-one]} on seed yield, aboveground biomass, harvest index, plant height, basal stem diameter, lodging, yield components, and seed quality. Chlormequat chloride was applied annually at the stooling stage while five PGRs were applied twice each year at the stages of flower bud formation and peak flowering. We hypothesized that CCC would decrease plant height, while the five PGRs would increase flowering and seed set. In theory the combined application of CCC with a PGR would be more efficient in improving seed yield. All the PGRs increased the mean 3-yr seed yield and harvest index by 10%, but did not affect aboveground biomass. Chlormequat chloride reduced plant height and lodging, but reduced mean seed yield. The effects of CCC on seed yield depended on climatic conditions. No interactions between CCC and PGR on seed yield were noted. Neither the PGRs nor the CCC affected seed quality,. Our results suggest that these PGRs Could be used in alfalfa breeding to increase seed yield while maintaining high sced quality,. C1 [Zhang, Tiejun; Wang, Xianguo; Wang, Yunwen; Han, Jianguo; Mao, Peisheng] China Agr Univ, Inst Grassland Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Majerus, Mark] USDA, Plant Mat Ctr, Bridger, MT 59014 USA. RP Han, JG (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Inst Grassland Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM jianguohan2058@126.com RI Wang, Yunwen/N-4758-2014 OI Wang, Yunwen/0000-0003-3432-0603 FU Agricultural Technologies System Program of Ministry of Agriculture [nycytx-027] FX This study was funded by the Agricultural Technologies System Program of Ministry of Agriculture (nycytx-027). We are grateful to the American Journal Experts for their constructive suggestions and the revision to English language on this manuscript. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1139 EP 1145 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0017 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 493IG UT WOS:000269729400014 ER PT J AU Goslee, S Sanderson, M Gonet, J AF Goslee, Sarah Sanderson, Matt Gonet, Jeffery TI No Persistent Changes in Pasture Vegetation or Seed Bank Composition after Fallowing SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PASTORAL FALLOW; HILL PASTURE; NEW-ZEALAND; CONTAMINATION; POPULATION AB The practice of fallowing pastures during the growing season is intended to increase plant diversity and allow natural reseeding of forage grasses. Fallowing delivers these benefits in New Zealand, but has been adopted on rotationally stocked farms in the northeastern United States with little or no quantitative assessment. Allowing the pasture to remain ungrazed may allow weedy species to produce seeds, and could reduce legume populations. We measured the seed bank composition (n = 23) and above-ground vegetation (n = 32) in paddocks that had been fallowed from 0-6 yr previously on an organic dairy in Maryland. Transect sampling was used to characterize the canopy cover of the dominant species three times per year for 3 yr. Germinable seed was identified from 5-cm soil cores collected in the spring and autumn in 2 yr. Fallowing did not produce any changes that persisted for more than 2 yr in either the seed bank or the vegetation of this farm. Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire] and other pasture grasses set seed, increasing in the seed bank during the fallow year, but this did not produce long-term changes in either the seed bank or the vegetation. The proportion of weedy forbs in the seed bank increased, and the legume cover decreased, but only temporarily. Natural reseeding of tall fescue promoted by fallowing did not cause changes in the vegetation, but could lead to increased endophyte infestation in the endophyte-free tall fescue originally planted. C1 [Goslee, Sarah; Sanderson, Matt; Gonet, Jeffery] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Goslee, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sarah.goslee@ars.usda.gov FU Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) FX This work contributes to the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), jointly funded, coordinated and administered by the United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service, Agricultural Research Service, and Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1168 EP 1174 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0243 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 493IG UT WOS:000269729400018 ER PT J AU Sorensen, RB Nuti, RC Butts, CL AF Sorensen, Ronald B. Nuti, Russell C. Butts, Christopher L. TI Yield and Plant Growth Response of Peanut to Midseason Forage Harvest SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROHEXADIONE CALCIUM AB Harvesting of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) foliage during the growing season may increase farm revenue through the sale of peanut hay; however, it is unknown how the peanut plant will respond to forage removal with respect to plant characteristics, pod yield, quality, and revenue. This experiment was a randomized complete block design where peanut foliage was harvested or sprayed with a plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium (PHDC; Ca salt of 3, 5-dioxo-4-propionylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid). There were nine treatments replicated five times. Peanut 'Georgia Green' was planted in twin rows during 2005 and 2006 on Tifton loamy sand. Peanut foliage was harvested at 20-cm height at 60, 90, and 120 days after planting (DAP). The PHDC was applied at recommended rates and timing. Leaf density was higher for peanut plants treated with PHDC compared with plants cut for forage. Leaf-to-stem ratios were higher with plants harvested early (60 DAP) compared with those harvested later (120 DAP). Total forage mass was lowest at 60 DAP and increased with single or multiple harvests. Total forage removed with one single midseason harvest was not different from an associated multiple harvest. Peanut pod yield decreased about 12% for each harvest. Peanut grade (total sound mature kernels, TSMK) decreased as the number of harvests increased, conversely, other kernels (OK) increased as the number of harvests increased. Pod and forage revenue was highest for the nonharvest and single-harvest treatments and decreased with the multiple harvests. C1 [Sorensen, Ronald B.; Nuti, Russell C.; Butts, Christopher L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Sorensen, RB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, 1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM ron.sorensen@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1198 EP 1203 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0047 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 493IG UT WOS:000269729400022 ER PT J AU Henry, WB Williams, WP Windham, GL Hawkins, LK AF Henry, W. Brien Williams, W. Paul Windham, Gary L. Hawkins, Leigh K. TI Evaluation of Maize Inbred Lines for Resistance to Aspergillus and Fusarium Ear Rot and Mycotoxin Accumulation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM LINE; INOCULATION TECHNIQUES; KERNEL INFECTION; CORN; AFLATOXIN; REGISTRATION; MONILIFORME; POPULATIONS; IMPACTS AB Mycotoxin contamination in corn (Zea mays L.) grain is a worldwide threat to safety of both human food and animal feed. A select group of inbred corn lines was evaluated in field trials for ear rot caused by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides and mycotoxin accumulation in grain. Our goal was to identify lines resistant to both fungi. In separate tests, 20 inbred lines were inoculated with either A. flavus or F. verticillioides. After harvest, cars were rated for rot and evaluated for levels of aflatoxin or fumonisin contamination. Inbred line Mp717 exhibited low grain aflatoxin contamination and it also had the lowest levels of fumonisin. Inbred line Mp317 has been shown previously to have low levels of F. verticillioides kernel infection and fumonisin contamination. Mp317 also had low levels of aflatoxin contamination in this study. Area of the car rotted by E verticillioides and A. flavus was significantly correlated to toxin production for both fumonisin (P = 0.0002; r = 0.74) and aflatoxin (P = 0.004; r = 0.61), indicating that inbreds exhibiting aflatoxin resistance may also be good sources of fumonisin resistance. Our method of quantifying car rot may also be used to rapidly screen lines for A. flavus resistance and subsequent aflatoxin accumulation in preliminary evaluations. C1 [Henry, W. Brien; Williams, W. Paul; Windham, Gary L.; Hawkins, Leigh K.] ARS, USDA, Corn Plant Host Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Henry, WB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Plant Host Resistance Res Unit, Dorman 117,Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Brien.Henry@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1219 EP 1226 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0004 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 493IG UT WOS:000269729400024 ER PT J AU Singer, JW Kohler, KA Moore, KJ Meek, DW AF Singer, Jeremy W. Kohler, Keith A. Moore, Kenneth J. Meek, David W. TI Living Mulch Forage Yield and Botanical Composition in a Corn-Soybean-Forage Rotation SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRASS SOD; CROP AB Managing forages as living mulches during row crop production requires suppressing the forages to produce economical crop yields. The objective of this research was to identify forage plants with varied growth habit, persistence, and yield potential to provide desirable ecosystem functions in a multifunctional cropping system. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were evaluated in sole seedings, binary mixtures, and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were included in three-way mixtures in a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-forage rotation. The forages functioned as cover crops in corn and soybean and were suppressed using a 25-cm glyphosate band over the row. In the forage year, treatments containing alfalfa produced the highest yields (7824 kg ha(-1) average dry matter 2005-2007). Three-way mixtures provided greater weed suppression in the interrow than sole seedings or binary mixtures in 2 of 3 yr (80 vs. 127 weeds m(-2), 2005-2006 average). Kura clover provided greater weed suppression than alfalfa in the former row (108 vs. 186 weeds m(-2)). Reed canarygrass exhibited better stability, in sward composition (20% in 2005 and 22% in 2007) than orchardgrass (58% in 2005 and 16% in 2007). Consequently, the best combination of species to use as living mulches to provide high forage yields and lower weed densities includes alfalfa, kura clover, and reed canarygrass. Seeding a nondormant alfalfa in the spring of the forage year will supplement yield and suppress weeds in the former crop row. C1 [Singer, Jeremy W.; Kohler, Keith A.; Meek, David W.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Moore, Kenneth J.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singer, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jeremy.singer@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 101 IS 5 BP 1249 EP 1257 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0131 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 493IG UT WOS:000269729400028 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Livingston, KA AF Stephensen, Charles B. Livingston, Kimberly A. TI Vitamin supplements and vaccines: maximize benefits, evaluate potential risks SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID A SUPPLEMENTATION; VIRUS-INFECTION; TRIAL; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION C1 [Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM stephensen@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 457 EP 458 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28343 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 487FW UT WOS:000269257300002 PM 19640957 ER PT J AU Chung, HY Ferreira, ALA Epstein, S Paiva, SAR Castaneda-Sceppa, C Johnson, EJ AF Chung, Hae-Yun Anjos Ferreira, Ana Lucia Epstein, Susanna Paiva, Sergio A. R. Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen Johnson, Elizabeth J. TI Site-specific concentrations of carotenoids in adipose tissue: relations with dietary and serum carotenoid concentrations in healthy adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MACULAR PIGMENT DENSITY; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; METABOLIC SYNDROME; IN-VIVO; LUTEIN; RISK; ZEAXANTHIN; SUPPLEMENTATION; LYCOPENE AB Background: Dietary carotenoids are related to a decreased risk of certain diseases. Serum and adipose tissue carotenoid concentrations are used as biomarkers of intake. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate site-specific concentrations of carotenoids in adipose tissue and to examine relations between carotenoid concentrations in the diet, serum, and adipose tissue. Design: Healthy adults (12 women and 13 men) participated in this cross-sectional study. Dietary carotenoids over the past year were assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. Serum and adipose tissue biopsy samples were collected from the abdomen, buttock, and inner thigh for the measurement of carotenoids by HPLC. Results: Many adipose carotenoids were inversely related to percentage body fat, although lycopene was the only carotenoid inversely correlated with all 3 sites. Most of the carotenoids were significantly higher in the abdominal adipose tissue than in the thigh (P < 0.05). Concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, 5-cis-lycopene, and total carotenoids were significantly higher in the buttocks than in the thigh (P < 0.05). Concentrations of alpha-carotene, cis-lycopene, and lutein (with or without zeaxanthin) were significantly higher in the abdomen than in the buttocks (P < 0.05). Dietary intake was significantly correlated with serum concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and total carotenoids. Carotenoid intake was significantly correlated with adipose tissue concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, cis-lycopene, and total carotenoids (P < 0.05) but varied by site. Of all the adipose tissue sites evaluated, the abdomen showed the strongest correlation with long-term dietary carotenoid intakes and with serum (indicator of short-term intake) for most carotenoids. Conclusions: Body fat may influence the tissue distribution of carotenoids. Abdominal adipose tissue carotenoid concentrations may be a useful indicator of carotenoid status. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:533-9. C1 [Epstein, Susanna; Johnson, Elizabeth J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Chung, Hae-Yun] Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Anjos Ferreira, Ana Lucia; Paiva, Sergio A. R.] UNESP, Fac Med Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [Castaneda-Sceppa, Carmen] Northeastern Univ, Bouve Coll Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Johnson, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM elizabeth.johnson@tufts.edu RI Paiva, Sergio/A-5101-2008 OI Paiva, Sergio/0000-0003-4412-1990 FU US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-9-001]; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo; FAPESP, Sao Paolo, SP, Brazil [97/2502-9] FX Supported in part by a grant from the US Department of Agriculture (agreement no. 58-1950-9-001) and by a grant from "Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo," FAPESP, Sao Paolo, SP, Brazil (contract no. 97/2502-9). NR 43 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 533 EP 539 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27712 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 487FW UT WOS:000269257300013 PM 19587090 ER PT J AU Junyent, M Parnell, LD Lai, CQ Lee, YC Smith, CE Arnett, DK Tsai, MY Kabagambe, EK Straka, RJ Province, M An, P Borecki, I Ordovas, JM AF Junyent, Mireia Parnell, Laurence D. Lai, Chao-Qiang Lee, Yu-Chi Smith, Caren E. Arnett, Donna K. Tsai, Michael Y. Kabagambe, Edmond K. Straka, Robert J. Province, Michael An, Ping Borecki, Ingrid Ordovas, Jose M. TI Novel variants at KCTD10, MVK, and MMAB genes interact with dietary carbohydrates to modulate HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ACID CONCENTRATIONS; DISEASE; FAMILY; RISK; LOCI; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; ASSOCIATION; VALIDATION AB Background: Several genome-wide association studies have identified novel loci (KCTD10, MVK, and MMAB) that are associated with HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Of the environmental factors that determine HDL cholesterol, high-carbohydrate diets have been shown to be associated with low concentrations. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the associations of 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the KCTD10, MVK, and MMAB loci with lipids and their potential interactions with dietary carbohydrates. Design: KCTD10, MVK, and MMAB SNPs were genotyped in 920 subjects (441 men and 479 women) who participated in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study. Biochemical measurements were made by using standard procedures. Dietary intakes were estimated by using a validated questionnaire. Results: For the SNPs KCTD10_i5642G -> C and MVK_S52NG -> A, homozygotes for the major alleles (G) had lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations than did carriers of the minor alleles (P = 0.005 and P = 0.019, respectively). For the SNP 12inter_108466061A -> G, homozygotes for the minor allele (G) had higher total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations than did AG subjects (P = 0.030 and P = 0.034, respectively). Conversely, homozygotes for the major allele (G) at MMAB_3U3527G -> C had higher LDL-cholesterol concentrations than did carriers of the minor allele (P = 0.034). Significant gene-diet interactions for HDL cholesterol were found (P < 0.001-0.038), in which GG subjects at SNPs KCTD10_i5642G -> C and MMAB_3U3527G -> C and C allele carriers at SNP KCTD10_V206VT -> C had lower concentrations only if they consumed diets with a high carbohydrate content (P < 0.001 0.011). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the KCTD10 (V206VT -> C and i5642G -> C) and MMAB_3U3527G -> C variants may contribute to the variation in HDL-cholesterol concentrations, particularly in subjects with high carbohydrate intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:686-94. C1 [Junyent, Mireia; Parnell, Laurence D.; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Lee, Yu-Chi; Smith, Caren E.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.] Univ Alabama, Clin Nutr Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Straka, Robert J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Coll Pharm, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Province, Michael; Borecki, Ingrid] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [An, Ping] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Div Stat Genom, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Junyent, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mireia.junyent@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institutes of Health, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U01 HL72524]; Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides [HL-54776, DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [2007-1086]; [T32 DK007651-19] FX Supported by grant U01 HL72524 from the National Institutes of Health, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; grants HL-54776 and DK075030 from the Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides, and contracts 53K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service. MJ was supported by a grant from the Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (reference 2007-1086). CES was supported by grant T32 DK007651-19. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 686 EP 694 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27738 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 487FW UT WOS:000269257300032 PM 19605566 ER PT J AU Tang, GW Russell, RM Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Grusak, MA AF Tang, Guangwen Russell, Robert M. Qin, Jian Dolnikowski, Gregory G. Grusak, Michael A. TI beta-Carotene from rice for human nutrition? Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter C1 [Tang, Guangwen; Russell, Robert M.; Qin, Jian; Dolnikowski, Gregory G.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM guangwen.tang@tufts.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 696 EP 697 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28268 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 487FW UT WOS:000269257300035 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Stoll, B AF Burrin, Douglas G. Stoll, Barbara TI Metabolic fate and function of dietary glutamate in the gut SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Anniversary Symposium of Umami Discovery - The Roles of Glutamate in Taste, Gastrointestinal Function, Metabolism and Physiology CY SEP 10-13, 2008 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Int Glutamate Tech Comm ID 100TH ANNIVERSARY SYMPOSIUM; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; AMINO-ACID; MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE; UMAMI TASTE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SPLANCHNIC BED; ENTEROCYTE MITOCHONDRIA AB Glutamate is a main constituent of dietary protein and is also consumed in many prepared foods as an additive in the form of monosodium glutamate. Evidence from human and animal studies indicates that glutamate is a major oxidative fuel for the gut and that dietary glutamate is extensively metabolized in first pass by the intestine. Glutamate also is an important precursor for bioactive molecules, including glutathione, and functions as a key neurotransmitter. The dominant role of glutamate as an oxidative fuel may have therapeutic potential for improving function of the infant gut, which exhibits a high rate of epithelial cell turnover. Our recent studies in infant pigs show that when glutamate is fed at higher (4-fold) than normal dietary quantities, most glutamate molecules are either oxidized or metabolized by the mucosa into other nonessential amino acids. Glutamate is not considered to be a dietary essential, but recent studies suggest that the level of glutamate in the diet can affect the oxidation of some essential amino acids, namely leucine. Given that substantial oxidation of leucine occurs in the gut, ongoing studies are investigating whether dietary glutamate affects the oxidation of leucine in the intestinal epithelial cells. Our studies also suggest that at high dietary intakes, free glutamate maybe absorbed by the stomach as well as the small intestine, thus implicating the gastric mucosa in the metabolism of dietary glutamate. Glutamate is a key excitatory amino acid, and metabolism and neural sensing of dietary glutamate in the developing gastric mucosa, which is poorly developed in premature infants, may play a functional role in gastric emptying. These and other recent reports raise the question as to the metabolic role of glutamate in gastric function. The physiologic significance of glutamate as an oxidative fuel and its potential role in gastric function during infancy are discussed. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90(suppl): 850S-6S. C1 [Burrin, Douglas G.; Stoll, Barbara] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu NR 94 TC 73 Z9 105 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 3 BP 850S EP 856S DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27462Y PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 487FW UT WOS:000269257300068 PM 19587091 ER PT J AU Motil, KJ Fete, TJ AF Motil, Kathleen J. Fete, Timothy J. TI Growth, Nutritional, and Gastrointestinal Aspects of Ankyloblepharon-Ectodermal Defect-Cleft Lip and/or Palate (AEC) Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE growth; body height; body weight; anthropometry; body fat; ectodermal dysplasia; gastroesophageal reflux; constipation; gastrostomy ID FAT AB Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defect-cleft lip and/or palate (AEC) is a rare genetic disorder due to mutations in the TP63 gene. In the present study, we characterized the pattern of growth and body composition and the nutritional and gastrointestinal aspects of children and adults (n = 18) affected with this disorder using clinical anthropometry and a survey questionnaire. The mean birth weight and height-for-age z-scores of the AEC patients were significantly lower than those of the reference population. The weight-for-age z-score of the AEC cohort increased significantly with advancing age because of increasing body fat. Cleft lip and palate were present in 47% and 94%, respectively, of the AEC cohort; 28% had dentures. One-fourth or more of the AEC cohort reported having nutritional and/or gastrointestinal problems including the need for supplemental formula feedings, gastrostomy placement, gastroesophageal reflux, and constipation. Our observations provide novel clinical information about growth, body composition, and nutritional and gastrointestinal aspects of children and adults with AEC. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Motil, Kathleen J.] St Louis Univ, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Baylor Coll Med, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Motil, KJ (reprint author), Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kmotil@bcm.edu FU National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias; Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture [58-7MN1-6-100] FX Grant sponsor: National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias; Grant sponsor: Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture; Grant number: 58-7MN1-6-100. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD SEP PY 2009 VL 149A IS 9 BP 1922 EP 1925 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32789 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 492SD UT WOS:000269678800008 PM 19676058 ER PT J AU Zhang, JJ Wu, M Schoene, NW Cheng, WH Wang, TTY Alshatwi, AA Alsaif, M Lei, KY AF Zhang, Jun Jun Wu, Min Schoene, Norberta W. Cheng, Wen-Hsing Wang, Thomas T. Y. Alshatwi, Ali A. Alsaif, Mohammed Lei, Kai Y. TI Effect of resveratrol and zinc on intracellular zinc status in normal human prostate epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nutrient interaction; zinquin ID CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENT RESVERATROL; HYDROXYL-RADICAL FORMATION; TRANS-RESVERATROL; FLUORESCENT-PROBE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA BREAKAGE; TUMOR-CELLS; CANCER; METALLOTHIONEIN; APOPTOSIS AB Zhang JJ, Wu M, Schoene NW, Cheng WH, Wang TT, Alshatwi AA, Alsaif M, Lei KY. Effect of resveratrol and zinc on intracellular zinc status in normal human prostate epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297: C632-C644, 2009. First published June 24, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00139.2009.-To evaluate the influence of resveratrol on cellular zinc status, normal human prostate epithelial (NHPrE) cells were treated with resveratrol (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mu M) and zinc [0, 4, 16, and 32 mu M, representing zincdeficient (ZD), zinc-normal (ZN), zinc-adequate (ZA), and zinc-supplemented (ZS) conditions, respectively]. A progressive reduction in cell growth was observed in cells treated with increasing amounts of resveratrol (2.5-10 mu M). Resveratrol at 5 and 10 mu M resulted in a dramatic increase in cellular total zinc concentration, especially in ZS cells. Flow cytometry indicated that 10 mu M resveratrol induced arrest of the cell cycle at the G(2)/M phase in association with the observed cell growth inhibition. Data from an in vitro experiment using zinquin as an indicator of intracellular free Zn(II) status demonstrated complex interactions between resveratrol and Zn(II). Fluorescence spectrofluorometry and fluorescence microscopic analyses revealed that intracellular free labile zinc was progressively elevated from nearly twofold in ZS cells with no resveratrol to multifold in ZA and ZS cells with 10 mu M resveratrol compared with the corresponding ZN cells. Furthermore, increases in cellular zinc status were associated with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and senescence, as evidenced by morphological and histochemical changes in cells treated with 2.5 or 10 mu M resveratrol, especially in ZA and ZS cells. Taken together, the interaction between resveratrol and zinc in NHPrE cells increases total cellular zinc and intracellular free labile zinc status and, subsequently, reactive oxygen species production and senescence. C1 [Zhang, Jun Jun; Wu, Min; Cheng, Wen-Hsing; Lei, Kai Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schoene, Norberta W.; Wang, Thomas T. Y.] USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Alshatwi, Ali A.; Alsaif, Mohammed] King Saud Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Lei, Kai Y.] King Saud Univ, Ctr Excellence Biotechnol Res, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Lei, KY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 0121 Skinner Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dlei@umd.edu RI Alshatwi, Ali/E-5271-2014 OI Alshatwi, Ali/0000-0002-2441-553X FU US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2002-35200-12241]; US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System Project [1235-51530-052-00D] FX This work was supported by US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Grant 2002-35200-12241 (K. Y. Lei) and US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System Project 1235-51530-052-00D (T. T. Y. Wang and N. W. Schoene). NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 297 IS 3 BP C632 EP C644 DI 10.1152/ajpcell.00139.2009 PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 491MX UT WOS:000269584200016 PM 19553565 ER PT J AU Mucksova, J Brillard, JP Hejnar, J Poplstein, M Kalina, J Bakst, M Yan, H Trefil, P AF Mucksova, J. Brillard, J. P. Hejnar, J. Poplstein, M. Kalina, J. Bakst, M. Yan, H. Trefil, P. TI Identification of various testicular cell populations in pubertal and adult cockerels SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Spermatogonial cells; Spermatogenesis; Chicken ID SPERMATOGONIAL STEM-CELLS; MOUSE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES; GERMLINE TRANSMISSION; A SPERMATOGONIA; GENE-EXPRESSION; TESTIS CELLS; BCRP1 GENE; IN-VIVO; SPERMATOGENESIS; TRANSPLANTATION AB Precise identification of the male germinal stem cell population is important for their practical use in programs dedicated to the integration of exogenous genetic material in testicular tissues. In the present study, our aim was to identify germinal cell populations in the testes of pubertal and adult cockerels based on the detection of the nuclear DNA content by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and on the expression of the Dazl and Stra8 genes in single-cell suspensions of testicular tissues. Cells with a tetraploid DNA content (4c) represent a small and equal fraction of the total germinal cell population in both pubertal and adult males. In contrast, the diploid (2c) and haploid (c) subpopulations differ significantly between ages as a consequence of different degrees of sexual maturation. A specific subpopulation of testicular cells, the side-scatter subpopulation of cells, or side population (SP), was identified at the junction between the haploid and diploid cell populations. The percentage of this cell subpopulation differs significantly in pubertal and adult cockerels, accounting for 4.1% and 1.3% of the total cell population, respectively. These four testicular cell populations were also tested for the expression of Dazl and Stra8 genes known to be expressed in premeiotic cells including stem spermatogonia. Both genes were expressed in SP, whereas the expression of either Dazl or Stra8 genes was detected only in the 4c and in the 2c testicular cell subpopulations, respectively. The correlation between the cell ploidy and Dazl/Stra8 expression was the same at both male ages. We conclude that SP cells might represent a subpopulation of germinal cells enriched in stem spermatogonia, which can be of great importance for transgenesis in chicken. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mucksova, J.; Poplstein, M.; Kalina, J.; Trefil, P.] Res Inst Biopharm & Vet Drugs AS, BIOPHARM, Jilove 25449, Czech Republic. [Brillard, J. P.] INRA, Rech Avicoles Stn, Ctr Tours Nouzilly, F-37380 Monnaie, France. [Hejnar, J.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Mol Genet, CR-14220 Prague, Czech Republic. [Bakst, M.] ARS, USDA, Anim Biotechnol & Biosci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yan, H.] HIAVS, Changsha 410131, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Trefil, P (reprint author), Res Inst Biopharm & Vet Drugs AS, BIOPHARM, Jilove 25449, Czech Republic. EM trefil@bri.cz RI Hejnar, Jiri/G-3544-2014 FU Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [ME 908, 1P05ME722]; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [523/07/1171] FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Zdenek Cimburek (Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) for FACS analysis. This work was supported by grants Nos. ME 908 and 1P05ME722 from the Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education (PT), Youth and Sports and grant No. 523/07/1171 awarded by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (JH). NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 114 IS 4 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.10.016 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 478TV UT WOS:000268612100009 PM 19070975 ER PT J AU Finley, AO Banerjee, S McRoberts, RE AF Finley, Andrew O. Banerjee, Sudipto McRoberts, Ronald E. TI HIERARCHICAL SPATIAL MODELS FOR PREDICTING TREE SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES ACROSS LARGE DOMAINS SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; species assemblages; logistic regression; spatially-varying coefficients; Markov chain Monte Carlo; spatial predictive process ID LARGE DATA SETS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; PARAMETERS; DATASETS; COREGIONALIZATION; CONSTRUCTION; LIKELIHOOD; ALGORITHM; MICHIGAN; MATRICES AB Spatially explicit data layers of tree species assemblages, referred to as forest types or forest type groups, are a key component in large-scale assessments of forest sustainability, biodiversity, timber biomass, carbon sinks and forest health monitoring. This paper explores the utility of coupling georeferenced national forest inventory (NFI) data with readily available and spatially complete environmental predictor variables through spatially-varying multinomial logistic regression models to predict forest type groups across large forested landscapes. These models exploit underlying spatial associations within the NFI plot array and the spatially-varying impact of predictor variables to improve the accuracy of forest type group predictions. The richness of these models incurs onerous computational burdens and we discuss dimension reducing spatial processes that retain the richness in modeling. We illustrate using NFI data from Michigan, USA, where we provide a comprehensive analysis of this large study area and demonstrate improved prediction with associated measures of uncertainty. C1 [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Finley, Andrew O.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Banerjee, Sudipto] Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [McRoberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. RP Finley, AO (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM finleya@msu.edu FU NSF [DMS-07-06870]; USDA Forest Service FIA and FHTET programs FX Supported by NSF Grant DMS-07-06870 and the USDA Forest Service FIA and FHTET programs. NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 15 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI CLEVELAND PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 1932-6157 J9 ANN APPL STAT JI Ann. Appl. Stat. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 1052 EP 1079 DI 10.1214/09-AOAS250 PG 28 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 522EF UT WOS:000271979900009 PM 20352037 ER PT J AU Solis, MA Metz, MA Janzen, DH AF Solis, M. Alma Metz, Mark A. Janzen, Daniel H. TI Phylogenetic Analysis of Cosmopterosis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Glaphyriinae) With Discussions on Male Secondary Sexual Characters and Larval Feeding on Capparis (Capparaceae) in the Pyraloidea and Lepidoptera (Insecta) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Pyraloidea; systematics; larval morphology; Costa Rica; Capparaceae ID PYRALIDAE; GENERA; SYSTEMATICS; MORPHOLOGY; GENUS AB New species of Cosmopterosis Amsel were discovered feeding on Capparis L. (Capparaceae) during exploration for caterpillars in the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), Costa Rica. Cosmopterosis is revised and now includes four species. Three new species, C. hispida, C. jasonhalli, and C. spatha, and the immatures of C. spatha and biology for two species, C. jasonhalli and C. spatha, are described; the type species, C. thetysalis (Walker), is redescribed. A key and illustrations for the identification of the species is provided. We propose a hypothesis for the relationship between species in Cosmopterosis and the placement of Cosmopterosis in the subfamily. The cladistic analysis, the first such analysis in the Glaphyriinae, included 21 morphological characters one of which, the radiodiscal process, a male secondary sexual character and presumably an androconial scent pouch is described and considered a autapomorphy for the genus. Male secondary sexual characters and larval feeding on Capparis in Pyraloidea and Lepidoptera is discussed. C1 [Solis, M. Alma; Metz, Mark A.] USDA, SEL, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Janzen, Daniel H.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), USDA, SEL, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,E-517,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alma.solis@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [BSR 90-24770, DEB 93-06296, DEB 94-00829, DEB 97-05072, DEB 00-72730, DEB 05-15699]; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Consejo Nacional para Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecbnologicas (CONICIT); INBio FX We thank various individuals worldwide who care for Pyraloidea collections and assisted our search for material, but especially K. Tuck (BMNH), E. J. van Nieurkerken (RMNH) M. Wall (SDNHM), E. Phillips (formerly with INBio), and V. O. Becker who provided extensive material from Brazil from his personal collection. We thank E. Araya, C. Cano, E. Cantillano, M. Carmona, O. Espinosa, R. Espinosa, R. Frauco, D. Garcia, W. Hallwachs, C. Moraga, R. Moraga, G. Pereira, M. Pereira, J. Perez, F. Quesada, H. Ramirez, L Rios, P. Rios, G. Sihezar, and F. Vargas for caterpillar hunting and husbandry; R. Espinosa, J. Gonzales, A. Guadamuz, B. Hammel, N. Zamora, and the herbarium staff at INBio for foodplant identifications; and S. R. Shaw, J. B. Whitfield and D. M. Wood for wasp and fly identifications. We thank Shen-Horn Yen (National Sun Yat-Sen University, Taiwan) and F. Christian Thompson, Tom Henry, John Brown (SEL, USDA) for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. Special thanks to Thomas Simonsen who provided a rigorous review that only a true morphologist could do. The ACG caterpillar inventory has been variously supported by National Science Foundation grants BSR 90-24770, DEB 93-06296, DEB 94-00829, DEB 97-05072, DEB 00-72730, and DEB 05-15699 and by Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Consejo Nacional para Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecbnologicas (CONICIT), INBio, and the government of Costa Rica. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 766 EP 784 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 493DT UT WOS:000269714300004 ER PT J AU Young, OP AF Young, Orrey P. TI Parasitism of Stagmomantis carolina (Mantodea: Mantidae) by Masiphya confusa (Diptera: Tachinidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Mantidae; Stagnomantis; Tachinidae; Masiphya; parasite ID LYGUS-LINEOLARIS HETEROPTERA; TARNISHED PLANT BUG; MIRIDAE; ARANEAE AB Field collections and laboratory observations document for the first time nymphal Stagmomantis carolina (Johannson) (Mantodea: Mantidae) as a host of Masiphya confusa Aldrich (Diptera: Tachinidae). In Washington County, MS, field parasitization rates of nymphal mantids in old-field sites exceeded 80% in late summer and were associated with a delay in maturation of parasitized nymphs. Laboratory rearings and dissections indicated that early-stage parasites had entered at the lateral mesothorax and were free-moving in the host thorax, with late-stage larvae attached to the inner wall of the fifth abdominal segment. A sclerotized airhole was present at the attachment site and exit holes for the mature larvae were in the area of the second abdominal segment. When attached, the parasite was encased in a sac and a sclerotized respiratory funnel was formed. After parasite emergence, the host typically died within 24 h, although some host individuals survived for up to 29 d and some individuals fed and partially molted after parasite emergence under ambient conditions. Pupation of parasites under ambient conditions occurred in the soil in September and October, with subsequent emergence in the following May. C1 [Young, Orrey P.] USDA ARS, So Field Crop Insect Management Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Young, OP (reprint author), 9496 Good Lion Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. EM ory2pam@verizon.net NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 842 EP 846 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 493DT UT WOS:000269714300011 ER PT J AU Backus, EA Holmes, WJ Schreiber, F Reardon, BJ Walker, GP AF Backus, Elaine A. Holmes, Wendy J. Schreiber, Fred Reardon, Brendon J. Walker, Gregory P. TI Sharpshooter X Wave: Correlation of an Electrical Penetration Graph Waveform With Xylem Penetration Supports a Hypothesized Mechanism for Xylella fastidiosa Inoculation SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE electrical penetration graph; Homalodisca spp.; Pierce's disease; probing; stylet penetration ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; HOMALODISCA-COAGULATA; STYLET PENETRATION; SENSORY SYSTEMS; NILAPARVATA-LUGENS; PROBING BEHAVIOR; RICE VARIETIES; CICADELLIDAE; HOMOPTERA AB Electrical penetration graph (EPG) monitoring is the most rigorous means of observation and quantification of feeding by piercing-sucking arthropods. Previous EPG studies with aphids and leafhoppers have demonstrated that the X wave identifies when the stylets of these phloem fluid-ingesting insects make contact with their preferred plant vascular cell, phloem sieve elements. This article presents the first direct evidence of an X wave identifying ingestion from a xylem tracheary element by a xylem fluid-ingesting type of leafhopper Homalodisca liturata Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), whose waveforms are nearly identical to those of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar). We document consistent association of the sharpshooter X wave with salivary sheath termini in xylem, especially lignified secondary xylem cells, and absence of the X wave in the rare instance of ingestion from a nonxylem cell. The sharpshooter X wave is a complex, multicomponent waveform, composed of X wave-specific variants of waveform subtypes B1w (representing salivation), B1s (representing precibarial valve movement for tasting), types C1 (a new waveform type that may represent egestion) and C2 (a new designation for the waveform type representing ingestion/cibarial pumping). It is proposed that the sharpshooter X wave represents a blended suite of behaviors that function to 1) physically seal stylet tips into the cell via sheath salivation, 2) repeatedly taste then eject (egest) chemical constituents of the cell to determine acceptability, and 3) mechanically test the strength of the stylet seal via trial cibarial pumping (ingestion). It is further hypothesized that the X wave represents vector behaviors that control inoculation of the Pierce's disease bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa. The ingestion-(salivation and egestion) hypothesis is stated for the mechanism of transmission of X. fastidiosa. C1 [Backus, Elaine A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Holmes, Wendy J.; Schreiber, Fred] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. [Reardon, Brendon J.; Walker, Gregory P.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Backus, EA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM elaine.backus@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 847 EP 867 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 493DT UT WOS:000269714300012 ER PT J AU Carter, ME Smith, MT Harrison, RG AF Carter, Maureen E. Smith, Michael T. Harrison, Richard G. TI Patterns of Genetic Variation Among Populations of the Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China and Korea SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; Asian longhorned beetle; Asia; mitochondrial DNA; microsatellites ID ANOPLOPHORA-GLABRIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MOTSCHULSKY COLEOPTERA; INFERENCE; EVOLUTION; BIOLOGY; HISTORY; LOCI AB Central to the study of invasive species is identifying source populations in their native ranges. Source populations of invasive species can provide important information about species life cycles, host use, and species-specific predators and parasites that could be deployed in a biological control program. The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a serious invasive pest of urban forests in North America and Europe. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA haplotype frequencies and microsatellite allele frequencies to characterize phylogeographical patterns in potential source populations of A. glabripennis. The data suggest that although there is evidence of genetic structure within and among populations in China, a substantial amount of genetic admixture has occurred. This admixture is probably due to recent reforestation efforts in China where beetles from previously isolated populations moved into new areas of abundant, susceptible, and stressed resources, leading to outbreak populations. C1 [Carter, Maureen E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Smith, Michael T.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Harrison, Richard G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Carter, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mec8@cornell.edu NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 895 EP 905 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 493DT UT WOS:000269714300016 ER PT J AU Buchholz, S Merkel, K Spiewok, S Pettis, JS Duncan, M Spooner-Hart, R Ulrichs, C Ritter, W Neumann, P AF Buchholz, Sven Merkel, Katharina Spiewok, Sebastian Pettis, Jeff S. Duncan, Michael Spooner-Hart, Robert Ulrichs, Christian Ritter, Wolfgang Neumann, P. TI Alternative control of Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) with lime and diatomaceous earth SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE amorphous silica; integrated pest management; powdered limestone; slaked lime; small hive beetle ID SMALL HIVE BEETLES; STORED-PRODUCT PESTS; EUROPEAN HONEY-BEES; UNITED-STATES; 2 PARTS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COUMAPHOS; BIOLOGY; COLONIES; PROGRESS AB Aiming at alternative small hive beetle control, slaked lime, powdered limestone and diatomaceous earth (Fossil Shield (R) FS 95, FS 90.0 and FS 90.0s) were evaluated for their effects on pupation and adult emergence in the laboratory. Limestone, FS 90.0 and FS 95 showed no significant effect. Slaked lime in autoclaved soil prevented pupation, but was lethal only in high dosages of 10 and 15 g per 100 g soil. In non-autoclaved soil, low slaked lime dosages of 0.5 and 5 g resulted each in >90% mortality, possibly due to enhanced pathogen activity. However, with FS 90s (also using non-autoclaved soil) it's the reverse. Larvae penetrated a slaked lime layer and pupated in untreated soil below. Slaked lime and FS 90.0s were also tested in traps (diagnostic trays) in the laboratory and in honeybee field colonies. In the field, 30.5 +/- 29.3% of the adults were caught in the traps with slaked lime. FS 90.0s caused 100% adult mortality in field traps, where 57.9 +/- 8.3% of the hives' adult SHB infestation died within 48 h. Our data showed a good potential for the use of FS 90.0s as inhive treatment and suggest further research with slaked lime as alternative control of SHB. C1 [Buchholz, Sven; Spiewok, Sebastian] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Merkel, Katharina] Univ Bremen, Inst Okol & Evolut Biol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Pettis, Jeff S.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Duncan, Michael; Spooner-Hart, Robert] Univ Western Sydney, Coll Sci Technol & Environm, Ctr Plant & Food Sci, Richmond, Australia. [Ulrichs, Christian] Humboldt Univ, Inst Gartenbauwissensch, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Ritter, Wolfgang] Chem & Vet Untersuchungsamt Freiburg CVUA, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. [Neumann, P.] Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, CH-3033 Bern, Switzerland. [Neumann, P.] Yunnan Agr Univ, Eastern Bee Res Inst, Kunming, NSW, Australia. [Neumann, P.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP Buchholz, S (reprint author), Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, Hoher Weg 4, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. EM buchholz.sven.berlin@googlemail.com RI Ulrichs, Christian/D-3029-2009; Ulrichs, Christian/C-6055-2015 FU German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection; Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food FX We like to thank D Hoffmann and B Barth for technical assistance and HR Hepburn and MP Hill ( Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University) for providing laboratory facilities. We are grateful to W. Bein for providing Fossil Shield (R) Products. Financial support was granted to PN by the German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection through the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 40 IS 5 BP 535 EP 548 DI 10.1051/apido/2009020 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 501TT UT WOS:000270406000004 ER PT J AU Webster, TC Dowell, FE Maghirang, EB Thacker, EM AF Webster, Thomas C. Dowell, Floyd E. Maghirang, Elizabeth B. Thacker, Etta M. TI Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy detects queen honey bee insemination SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; drone semen; mating; queen bee; spectroscopy ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; VARROA AB The abdomens of honey bee queens and semen from drone bees were analyzed by visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. Mated honey bee queens could be distinguished from virgin queens by their absorption spectra with 100% accuracy. Spectra of semen showed that classifications of queens were likely influenced by the presence or absence of semen in the queen spermathecae. However, physiological or morphological changes that occur in the queens after mating probably influenced the classifications also. C1 [Webster, Thomas C.; Thacker, Etta M.] Kentucky State Univ, Atwood Res Facil, Land Grant Program, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Dowell, Floyd E.; Maghirang, Elizabeth B.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Webster, TC (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Atwood Res Facil, Land Grant Program, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. EM Thomas.webster@kysu.edu FU USDA/CSREES to Kentucky State University [KYX-10-02-36P, KYX10-07-41P] FX We thank Steve and Becky Tipton for moving their hives to the project site and allowing us to use them. JoliWiner and Sharon Dobesh kindly coordinated the hive movement, and Sharon Dobesh helped with sample analysis. The Kansas State Beekeepers Association assisted with travel expenses. This project was supported by grants from USDA/CSREES to Kentucky State University under agreements number KYX-10-02-36P and KYX10-07-41P to TCW. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 EI 1297-9678 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 40 IS 5 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1051/apido/2009038 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 501TT UT WOS:000270406000008 ER PT J AU Buchwald, R Breed, MD Bjostad, L Hibbard, BE Greenberg, AR AF Buchwald, Robert Breed, Michael D. Bjostad, Louis Hibbard, Bruce E. Greenberg, Alan R. TI The role of fatty acids in the mechanical properties of beeswax SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; wax; fatty acid; yield stress; stiffness ID TEMPERATURE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BEE NESTMATE RECOGNITION; APIS-MELLIFERA L; HONEY-BEE; COMB-WAX; CUTICULAR WAXES; DISCRIMINATION; CONSTRUCTION; SECRETION AB Beeswax is a mixture of many organic compounds, including hydrocarbons, wax esters, and fatty acids. Because fatty acids in beeswax also serve as social signals, we explored the functional significance of the fatty acids. The removal of the fatty acids from beeswax results in diminished yield stress, resilience, stiffness, and proportional limit stress of beeswax samples. Addition of stearic acid to beeswax enhances all of these properties except resilience. Artificial wax mixtures show a positive correlation between the amount of stearic acid in the wax mixture and yield stress. Unsaturated fatty acids found in beeswax behave similarly, with respect to their effects on the mechanical properties of artificial wax mixtures. Fatty acid concentration showed significant variation among colonies, particularly among the unsaturated fatty acids. We interpret these findings with respect to the mechanical properties of beeswax and the role of fatty acids in communication among bees. C1 [Breed, Michael D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, EBIO, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Buchwald, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94708 USA. [Bjostad, Louis] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Greenberg, Alan R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Breed, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, EBIO, CB 334, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM michael.breed@colorado.edu OI BREED, MICHAEL/0000-0002-4039-8354 FU NIH [NIH-T32MH016880] FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of John Coyle for his help with mechanical testing instrumentation. Robert Buchwald was supported by an NIH research traineeship - biological sciences, NIH-T32MH016880, PI: Jeanne Wehner. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 40 IS 5 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1051/apido/2009035 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 501TT UT WOS:000270406000011 ER PT J AU Gilbert-Norton, LB Leaver, LA Shivik, JA AF Gilbert-Norton, Lynne B. Leaver, Lisa A. Shivik, John A. TI The effect of randomly altering the time and location of feeding on the behaviour of captive coyotes (Canis latrans) SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; Carnivore; Captivity; Species typical behaviour; Feeding regimes ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SCENT-MARKING; HOME-RANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; PREDICTABILITY; STRESS; PIGS; SCHEDULES; CARNIVORE AB Captive carnivores appear highly Susceptible to the negative effects of predictable feeding routines. Current research and reviews suggest feeding unpredictably may increase species typical behaviour, but positive results have been limited to a few species. Our objectives were to determine whether randomly altering the time and location of feeding increased species typical behaviour, or affected the temporal distribution of captive coyote (Canis latrans) behaviour. We assigned 12 coyotes individually to either a predictable or an unpredictable (in time and location) feeding condition and measured behaviours in the morning and evening. Overall, mean time spent foraging, travelling, resting or standing was similar in both conditions, but coyotes in the unpredictable condition marked (118 vs. 42: P= 0.01, one-tailed) and howled (81 vs. 24; P= 0.05, one-tailed) significantly more than coyotes in the predictable condition. There were also significant temporal differences (a.m. vs. p.m.) in behaviour between conditions. Specifically, coyotes fed predictably foraged (P = 0.03) and travelled (P = 0.03) more in the morning and rested (P = 0.03) more in the evening, whereas coyotes fed unpredictably howled (62 vs. 19; P = 0.03) and stood (P = 0.05) more in the morning and foraged (P = 0.03) more in the evening. Optimum predictability for captive carnivores should be based on species-specific captive study results and relevant ecological data. Our results Suggest coyote feeding regimes may be improved by including unpredictable elements nested within a predictable framework to mirror seasonal fluctuations in resources and increase species-specific behaviour in Captivity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gilbert-Norton, Lynne B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Leaver, Lisa A.] Univ Exeter, Washington Singer, Sch Psychol, Exeter EX4 4QG, Devon, England. [Shivik, John A.] Utah State Univ, USDA Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gilbert-Norton, LB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM lgilbertnorton@gmail.com RI Leaver, Lisa/B-4924-2009 OI Leaver, Lisa/0000-0001-7805-2159 FU Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center FX We would like to express our gratitude to the staff and volunteers at the National Wildlife Research Center's Predator Ecology Facility in Millville, Utah for their time, effort, help and patience during the study. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for useful comments on improving our manuscript. The study was funded by Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 120 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2009.06.007 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 501YW UT WOS:000270421600007 ER PT J AU Gowda, PH Senay, GB Howell, TA Marek, TH AF Gowda, P. H. Senay, G. B. Howell, T. A. Marek, T. H. TI LYSIMETRIC EVALUATION OF SIMPLIFIED SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE APPROACH IN THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Texas panhandle; Semiarid; Operational ET mapping; Remote sensing ID MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CALIBRATION; MODEL; FLUXES; SCALE; CROP; SOIL AB Numerous energy balance (EB) algorithms have been developed to make use of remote sensing data to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) regionally. However, most EB models are complex to use and efforts arc, being made to simplify procedures mainly through the scaling of reference ET The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) is one such method. This approach has never been evaluated using measured ET data. In this study, the SSEB approach was applied to 14 Landsat TM images covering a major portion of the Southern High Plains that were acquired during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons. Performance of the SSEB was evaluated by comparing estimated ET with measured daily ET from four large monolithic lysimeters at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas. Statistical evaluation of results indicated that the SSEB accounted for 84% of the variability in the measured ET values with a slope and intercept of 0.75 and 1.1 mm d(-1), respectively. Considering the minimal amount of ancillary data required and excellent performance in predicting daily ET, the SSEB approach is a promising tool for mapping ET in the semiarid Texas high Plains and in other parts of the world with similar hydro-climatic conditions. C1 [Gowda, P. H.; Howell, T. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Senay, G. B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Marek, T. H.] Texas A&M Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX USA. RP Gowda, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 665 EP 669 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 512CJ UT WOS:000271220200004 ER PT J AU King, BA Wall, RW Taberna, JP AF King, B. A. Wall, R. W. Taberna, J. P., Jr. TI SPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED CONTROL NETWORK FOR FLOW PROPORTIONAL CHEMICAL INJECTION WITH CENTER PIVOT SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Irrigation; Center pivot; Site-specific; Chemigation; Application uniformity ID PESTICIDE APPLICATION SYSTEM; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; YIELD RESPONSE; CHEMIGATION; CORN; POTATO; CHLOROTHALONIL; MANAGEMENT; AIRPLANE; COVERAGE AB The agricultural production practice of injecting a chemical into ail operating irrigation system and applying it to the field area with the water is known as chemigation. Chemigation is a widely adopted practice with center pivot sprinkler irrigation. However, the practice of chemical injection at a constant rate with center pivot sprinkler irrigation systems equipped with ail end gun and/or swing-arm corner watering system results in systematic chemical application errors ranging front 7% to 21% due to systematic changes in system flow rate. Chemical injection proportional to, center pivot sprinkler system flow rate is one approach to reduce systematic chemical application errors. The objective of this project wets to test the feasibility of using real-time monitoring of center pivot sprinkler irrigation system operating status to control chemical injection rate proportional to calculated system flow rate, thus minimizing systematic chemical application errors. A spatially distributed control network was developed to facilitate real-time monitoring of end gun and swing-arm corner watering system operating status and pressure. The spatially distributed control network consisted of three network nodes at specific locations along a center pivot sprinkler irrigation lateral that used the 480 VAC 3-phase power cable oil the center pivot sprinkler irrigation system as the communication medium. The spatially distributed control network was installed on a commercial 460-m (1510-ft) long center pivot sprinkler system equipped with ail end gun and swing-arm Corner watering system. Performance of chemical injection proportional to calculated flow rate based oil real-nine center pivot sprinkler irrigation system operating status was evaluated by injecting Rhodamine WT dye into the center pivot sprinkler irrigation system water supply and measuring its concentration in the applied water Mean dye concentration varied by 26% under constant rate chemical injection and 2% under flow proportional chemical injection due to systematic changes tit center pivot sprinkler irrigation system flow rate. Use of the flow proportional chemical injection system reduced the coefficient of variability tit measured dye concentration of applied water by 54% from 0.100 to 0.046. Use of the spatially distributed control network for calculating center pivot sprinkler system flow rate eliminates the need for straight sections: of unobstructed piping at the chemical injection site. Display and for data logging of real-time center pivot sprinkler operating status is an added benefit of using the spatially distributed control network. This information provides the ability to monitor, diagnose, and troubleshoot center pivot sprinkler system operation. Commercialization and adoption of the technology could reduce systematic chemical application errors and facilitate maintenance and operation of center pivot sprinkler irrigation systems equipped with ail end gun and/or swing-arnt corner watering system. C1 [King, B. A.] USDA ARS NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [King, B. A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Aberdeen, ID USA. [Wall, R. W.] Univ Idaho, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Taberna, J. P., Jr.] Western Ag Res, Blackfoot, ID USA. RP King, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture [2004-33610-14346] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 2004-33610-14346. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 677 EP 683 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 512CJ UT WOS:000271220200006 ER PT J AU Rasmann, C Graham, JH Chellemi, DO Datnoff, LE Larsen, J AF Rasmann, Christopher Graham, James H. Chellemi, Daniel O. Datnoff, Lawrence E. Larsen, John TI Resilient populations of root fungi occur within five tomato production systems in southeast Florida SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Fungal root endophyte; Tillage; Phosphorus; Flooding; Signature fatty acid ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; EXTERNAL MYCELIUM; PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE; MICRODOCHIUM-BOLLEYI; GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; FATTY-ACIDS; P-UPTAKE; PLANT; COLONIZATION AB Farming practices are known to impact arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and other soil microbial communities in agroecosystems. The effects of divergent land management strategies on the incidence and infectivity of AM and other fungal root endophytes were evaluated in a 5-year tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cropping systems study. Two of the five treatments utilized farming practices considered detrimental to AM fungal populations, including the tillage-mediated elimination of vegetation and soil fumigation. The remaining three treatments used practices thought to be more conducive to the presence of AM fungi, including organic production methods, bahiagrass pasture and undisturbed weed fallow. in years four and five of the study tomato roots and rhizosphere soil were collected. Roots were examined for colonization by AM and other fungal root endophytes, and rhizosphere soil was assayed to measure the amount of infective inoculum present based on maize (Zea mays L) seedling infection. Tomato roots and rhizosphere soil were also analyzed for the AM fungal fatty acid biomarker 16:1w5c. Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf) trap cultures were initiated using field soil to assess the diversity of AM fungal spore morphotypes. Soil disturbance and phosphorus (P) levels had the greatest influences on AM fungal infectivity and abundance. All plots had high levels of available soil P, resulting in low levels of colonization across treatments. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) pasture was the only treatment without repeated, intensive soil mixing, and had the highest level of field root colonization by AM fungi. Field roots were more heavily colonized by other fungal endophytes than by AM fungi in all treatments. Tomato roots from organic plots were apparently unique in encouraging colonization by fungi that appeared to be Microdochium bolleyi (R. Sprague) de Hoog & Herm.-Nijh. Infection by AM and other fungal root endophytes were positively correlated in all studies. Flooding and a shortened growing season likely contributed to reduced infection potentials in all treatments except for organic plots in year five compared to year four. Areas of high disturbance from frequent tillage had the lowest levels of primary inoculum, but recovery to levels comparable to less disturbed treatments occurred after a single season of host root growth. Diversity of AM fungal morphotypes was typical of agricultural fields, with at least 10 spore morphotypes present across treatments; Glomus spp. were the dominant spore type recovered in all treatments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rasmann, Christopher; Datnoff, Lawrence E.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Graham, James H.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Chellemi, Daniel O.] ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Larsen, John] Univ Aarhus, Dept Integrated Pest Management, Fac Agr Sci, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark. RP Rasmann, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 001,Rm 110,BARC WEST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chris.rasmann@ars.usda.gov RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.05.007 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 506AT UT WOS:000270745400003 ER PT J AU Wolters, W Masters, A Vinci, B Summerfelt, S AF Wolters, William Masters, Amanda Vinci, Brian Summerfelt, Steven TI Design, loading, and water quality in recirculating systems for Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) at the USDA ARS National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center (Franklin, Maine) SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design, Loading and Water Quality in Recirculating Systems for Salmonids held at the 4th Aquacultural-Engineering-Society Issues Forum CY JUL 23-24, 2008 CL Roanoke, VA SP Aquacultural Engn Soc DE Atlantic salmon; Recirculating; Genetics ID MODEL AB The Northeastern U.S. has the ideal location and unique opportunity to be a leader in cold water marine finfish aquaculture. However, problems and regulations on environmental issues, mandatory stocking of 100% native North American salmon, and disease have impacted economic viability of the U.S. salmon industry. In response to these problems, the USDA ARS developed the National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center (NCWMAC) in Franklin, Maine. The NCWMAC is adjacent to the University of Maine Center for Cooperative Aquaculture Research on the shore of Taunton Bay and shares essential infrastructure to maximize efficiency. Facilities are used to conduct research on Atlantic salmon and other cold water marine finfish species. The initial research focus for the Franklin location is to develop a comprehensive Atlantic salmon breeding program from native North American fish stocks leading to the development and release of genetically improved salmon to commercial producers. The Franklin location has unique ground water resources to supply freshwater, brackish water, salt water or filtered seawater to fish culture tanks. Research facilities include office space, primary and secondary hygiene rooms, and research tank bays for culturing 200+ Atlantic salmon families with incubation, parr, smolt, on-grow, and broodstock tanks. Tank sizes are 0.14 m(3) for part, 9 m(3) for smolts, and 36,46 and go m(3) for subaclults and broodfish. Culture tanks are equipped with recirculating systems utilizing biological (fluidized sand) filtration, carbon dioxide stripping, supplemental oxygenation and ozonation, and ultraviolet sterilization. Water from the research facility discharges into a wastewater treatment building and passes through micro-screen drum filtration, an inclined traveling belt screen to exclude all eggs or fish from the discharge, and UV irradiation to disinfect the water. The facility was completed in June 2007, and all water used in the facility has been from groundwater sources. Mean facility discharge has been approximately 0.50 m(3)/min (130 gpm). The facility was designed for stocking densities of 20-47 kg/m(3) and a maximum biomass of 26,000 kg. The maximum system density obtained from June 2007 through January 2008 has approached 40 kg/m(3), maximum facility biomass was 11,021 kg, water exchange rates have typically been 2-3% of the recirculating system flow rate, and tank temperatures have ranged from a high of 15.4 degrees C in July to a low of 6.6 degrees C in January 2008 without supplemental heating or cooling. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wolters, William] USDA ARS, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Franklin, ME USA. [Masters, Amanda; Vinci, Brian; Summerfelt, Steven] Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Wolters, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, 33 Salmon Farm Rd, Franklin, ME USA. EM Bill.Wolters@ARS.USDA.GOV OI Vinci, Brian/0000-0002-5724-6955 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 41 IS 2 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2009.06.011 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 504UT UT WOS:000270643900004 ER PT J AU Davidson, J Good, C Welsh, C Brazil, B Summerfelt, S AF Davidson, John Good, Christopher Welsh, Carla Brazil, Brian Summerfelt, Steven TI Heavy metal and waste metabolite accumulation and their potential effect on rainbow trout performance in a replicated water reuse system operated at low or high system flushing rates SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design, Loading and Water Quality in Recirculating Systems for Salmonids held at the 4th Aquacultural-Engineering-Society Issues Forum CY JUL 23-24, 2008 CL Roanoke, VA SP Aquacultural Engn Soc DE Rainbow trout; Water reuse; Water recirculating system; Aquaculture; Water quality; Copper; Heavy metal; Waste metabolite accumulation; Particle counts; Total heterotrophic bacteria plate counts ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ORGANIC-CARBON; NITRITE TOXICITY; COPPER; BIOFILTERS; MYKISS AB A six-month trial was conducted to compare the effects of high and low make-up water flushing rates on rainbow trout performance and water quality in replicated water reuse aquaculture systems (WRAS). Six identical 9.5 m(3) WRAS, containing a single 5.3 m(3) tank and operated at a total recirculating flow of 380 L/min were stocked with 1000 rainbow trout each (133 I g). Three WRAS were operated at high flushing rates (2.6% of total flow) and three were operated at low flushing rates (0.26% of total flow), providing system hydraulic retention times of 0.67 and 6.7 days, respectively. During a one-week period when fish were at maximum feeding (i.e., mean feed loadings of 0.53 and 5.3 kg/m(3) make-up water flow high and low make-up conditions, respectively) and maximum densities (80 kg/m(3)), water samples were collected across all unit processes. All typical water quality parameters measured at the culture tank outlet during this week were significantly different between treatments, except for dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and temperature, which were controlled. Within the low exchange WRAS, total suspended solids (TSS), carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, total ammonia nitrogen, un-ionized ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, particle counts, true color, and total heterotrophic plate counts were significantly greater, whereas UV transmittance (%) and alkalinity were significantly reduced. of these parameters, TSS, fine particles, and heterotrophic bacteria counts were the only parameters of concern within the low exchange WRAS. The potential impacts of each water quality constituent are discussed. Element analysis indicated that concentrations of nine metals were significantly greater within the low exchange WRAS. The highest metal concentrations measured at low exchange were within safe recommended limits, with the exception of copper (0.037-0.056 mg/L), which could have reached chronically toxic levels. Although cumulative mortality was relatively low for all WRAS, a linear trend between copper concentration and mortality was evident. The highest mortality, which occurred within a low exchange WRAS, coincided with the highest copper (0.056 mg/L); and the lowest mortality, which occurred within a high exchange WRAS, coincided with non-detectable copper levels. A comparison of survival between treatments bordered significance, 99.5 +/- 0.1 and 98.9 +/- 0.4% for the high and low exchange WRAS, respectively. There was no significant difference in rainbow trout weight at the conclusion of the study, i.e., approximately one year post-hatch: 1401 +/- 23 and 1366 +/- 33 g for the high and low exchange WRAS, respectively. There were no differences in thermal growth coefficients or feed conversion ratios between the high and low exchange treatments. Rainbow trout condition factor was significantly greater within the low exchange WRAS. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Davidson, John; Good, Christopher; Welsh, Carla; Summerfelt, Steven] Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Brazil, Brian] Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Leetown, WV 25430 USA. RP Summerfelt, S (reprint author), Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, 1098 Turner Rd, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. EM s.summerfelt@freshwaterinstitute.org NR 38 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 41 IS 2 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.aquaeng.2009.04.001 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 504UT UT WOS:000270643900014 ER PT J AU Fellers, JP Seifers, D Ryba-White, M Martin, TJ AF Fellers, John P. Seifers, Dallas Ryba-White, Marietta Martin, T. Joe TI The complete genome sequence of Triticum mosaic virus, a new wheat-infecting virus of the High Plains SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VEIN YELLOWING VIRUS; TOBACCO ETCH VIRUS; FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CLEAVAGE SITE; MOTTLE-VIRUS; CURL MITE; SUGARCANE; GENUS AB The genome of Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), a recently discovered mite-transmitted wheat potyvirus, was sequenced, characterized, and compared to other members of the family Potyviridae. TriMV has a single mRNA strand of 10,266 nucleotides with a predicted polyprotein consisting of 3,112 peptides. Protein alignments of the coat protein demonstrate that TriMV has 45.9% identity to Sugarcane streak mosaic virus strain AP (SCSMV-AP), but shares only 23.2% identity to Wheat streak mosaic virus. Although TriMV is mite-transmitted and could be placed in the genus Tritimovirus, it is significantly divergent and should be placed in the newly proposed genus Susmovirus. C1 [Fellers, John P.; Ryba-White, Marietta] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Seifers, Dallas; Martin, T. Joe] Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS USA. [Fellers, John P.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Fellers, JP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM john.fellers@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5430-21000-005-00] FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Anna Whitfield and Arthur Hunt for their input and Beth Gillet-Walker, Zach Simon, Amy Bernardo, and Jeff Ackerman for their technical assistance. This work was funded by the USDA-ARS CRIS project 5430-21000-005-00. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 154 IS 9 BP 1511 EP 1515 DI 10.1007/s00705-009-0462-1 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 495GN UT WOS:000269878900016 PM 19649764 ER PT J AU Buda, AR DeWalle, DR AF Buda, Anthony R. DeWalle, David R. TI Using atmospheric chemistry and storm track information to explain the variation of nitrate stable isotopes in precipitation at a site in central Pennsylvania, USA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nitrate sources; Stable isotope tracers; Precipitation chemistry; Storm tracks; Atmospheric oxidants ID UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN; RAIN; COLLECTION; DEPOSITION; WATERS; RATIOS; NOX AB Stable isotopes of NO3- (delta N-15-NO3- and delta O-18-NO3-) were monitored in precipitation at a central Pennsylvania site during six storm events in 2005 to determine whether information on atmospheric oxidants (e.g., O-3, NO2, and NOx), and storm tracks (using the NOAA HYSPLIT model) were capable of explaining observed seasonal and within-storm isotopic variation. Results showed that delta N-15-NO3- and delta O-18-NO3- in precipitation varied significantly during individual storm events. Seasonally, delta N-15-NO3- and delta O-18-NO3- in precipitation followed a pattern of depletion during the summer months and enrichment during the winter months. NO3- precursor concentrations and atmospheric oxidants were useful for explaining the seasonal and within-storm variation of delta N-15-NO3- for all six storm events as evidenced by negative relationships with NO2:NOx ratios and ozone (O-3). In comparison, delta O-18-NO3- was positively related to O-3 in three dormant season storms, which suggested that the O-3 oxidation pathway was important for producing the high delta O-18-NO3- observed in wintertime precipitation. Storm track information was especially useful for describing differences in delta N-15-NO3-. Cool-sector storms originating from the E/NE produced slightly negative delta N-15-NO3- values characteristic of automobile emissions, whereas warm-sector storms with tracks from the SW/S/SE produced slightly positive delta N-15-NO3- values characteristic of coal-fired emissions. Lightning also may have been an important source of atmospheric NO3- during two warm-sector thunderstorms. This study showed that (1) information about oxidant levels can be useful to predict the seasonal and within-storm variation of NO3- stable isotopes in precipitation, and (2) knowledge of storm tracks (warm-sector versus cool-sector) may be important for determining sources of NO3- in wet deposition. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Buda, Anthony R.] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Buda, Anthony R.; DeWalle, David R.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Buda, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM anthony.buda@ars.usda.gov RI Buda, Anthony/B-4860-2013 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS); Pennsylvania Water Resources Research Center Grant Program [2005PA40B] FX We wish to thank the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Pennsylvania Water Resources Research Center Grant Program (Grant 2005PA40B), the School of Forest Resources, and the Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment (PSIEE) for providing necessary funds to support this research. We also thank Bryan Swistock, Chad Voorhees, Shawn Rummel, Nesha Mizel Leonard McNeal, Jennifer Sidleck, Stephanie Clemens, Scott Atkinson, and Susan Buda for help with precipitation sampling during the course of this project. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 43 IS 29 BP 4453 EP 4464 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.027 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 489LI UT WOS:000269421200009 ER PT J AU Jaradat, AA AF Jaradat, Abdullah A. TI Modeling biomass allocation and grain yield in bread and durum wheat under abiotic stress SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Abiotic stress; Dry matter partitioning; models; wheat ID SEEDING RATE; DRY-MATTER; DROUGHT STRESS; COMPONENTS; LANDRACES; CULTIVARS; GENOTYPES; TILLAGE; GROWTH; PLANTS AB Differences between two wheat genotypes [Triticum aestivum and T. durum species (A and D, respectively)] in dry matter (DM) partitioning into stems, leaves and spikes, in response to multiple abiotic stresses were quantified during two years of contrasting rainfall regimes. The impact of normal (N, similar to 1830 accumulated growing degree days, GDD), and late (L, similar to 1750 GDD) planting, in combination with normal (450 live seed m(-2)) or large (25% above normal) population density on 1000-kernel weight (TKWT), kernels m(-2) (K m(-2)), and grain yield (GY, Mg ha(-1)) was quantified. Years, species, stress treatments, and their interactions explained 67, 73, and 75% of total variance in DM partitioned into stem (R-Stem), leaves (R-Leaves), and spike (R-Spike), respectively, 15 days after anthesis; and 50, 78 and 51% of variance in kernels m(-2), TKWT and GY, respectively, at physiological maturity. The two sets of variables were positively correlated (canonical r=0.90; p<0.0001); however, simple correlation coefficients between individual variables of both sets shifted in magnitude and significance in response to stress treatments. Partial least squares regression models were developed for each wheat species to quantify its response to stress. C1 ARS, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Jaradat, AA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM abdullah.jaradat@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHERN CROSS PUBL PI LISMORE PA 8 91-93 MCKENZIE ST, LISMORE, NSW 2480, AUSTRALIA SN 1835-2693 J9 AUST J CROP SCI JI Aust. J. Crop Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 5 BP 237 EP 248 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 507UQ UT WOS:000270881000001 ER PT J AU Petkov, DI Linnemann, EG Kapczynski, DR Sellers, HS AF Petkov, Daniel I. Linnemann, Erich G. Kapczynski, Darrell R. Sellers, Holly S. TI Identification and Characterization of Two Distinct Bursal B-Cell Subpopulations Following Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infection of White Leghorn Chickens SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE IBDV; bursa B-cell subpopulations; flow cytometry; ELISA; humoral immune response; chicken ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LYMPHOCYTES-B; FABRICIUS; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; PATHOGENESIS; ANTIBODIES; GENE AB Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an immunosuppressive virus which primarily infects IgM B-cells in the bursa of Fabricius. Flow cytometric analysis was used to phenotype B-cell populations in the bursa and spleen following IBDV infection. In the bursa, two IgM B-cell subpopulations, designated as A and B, were identified based on cell size and granularity. While both subpopulations differentially expressed IgM and Bu-1b surface markers, both groups displayed major histocompatibility complex class II surface antigens at equal levels. Following IBDV challenge of nonvaccinated birds, the B subpopulation was significantly reduced between 7 and 21 days postchallenge compared to either nonchallenged birds or vaccinated-challenged birds. However, the reduction of subpopulation B in the bursa, following IBDV exposure, did not reduce the levels of total serum IgA, IgG, and IgM, nor did it affect IgG and IgA B-cells in the spleen. Phenotypic analysis of the subpopulations identified differential expression of Lewis(x), IgM, Bu-1b, and MUI78 surface antigens between the subpopulations. Overall, these are the first studies to identify two distinct IgM B-cell subpopulations in the chicken bursa, and the first to describe the decrease in the IgM B-cell population relative to IgA and IgG B-cells following IBDV infection. C1 [Petkov, Daniel I.; Linnemann, Erich G.; Sellers, Holly S.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Petkov, Daniel I.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kapczynski, Darrell R.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sellers, HS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, 953 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM hsellers@uga.edu FU Veterinary Medical Agriculture Research Fund FX We would like to thank Mr. Fred Smith and the animal care staff at the Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia. This research was supported by the Veterinary Medical Agriculture Research Fund at the University of Georgia. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 347 EP 355 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 501OA UT WOS:000270390000004 PM 19848071 ER PT J AU Abdul-Careem, MF Javaheri-Vayeghan, A Shanmuganathan, S Haghighi, HR Read, LR Haq, K Hunter, DB Schat, KA Heidari, M Sharif, S AF Abdul-Careem, Mohamed Faizal Javaheri-Vayeghan, Abbas Shanmuganathan, Sangitha Haghighi, Hamid Reza Read, Leah R. Haq, Kamran Hunter, D. Bruce Schat, Karel A. Heidari, Mohammad Sharif, Shayan TI Establishment of an Aerosol-Based Marek's Disease Virus Infection Model SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; chicken; respiratory; aerosols; infection model; meq; vIL-8 ID CELL-FREE; CYTOLYTIC INFECTION; HERPESVIRUS; CHICKENS; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENESIS; FABRICIUS; ANTIGENS; BURSA; VIL-8 AB Marek's disease virus (MDV), which is the causative agent of Marek's disease (MD), is shed by infected chickens and transmitted to other chickens through the respiratory route. Experimental reproduction of MD has been commonly done either by intra-abdominal inoculation of cell-associated MDV or by exposure to MDV-infected 'seeder' chickens. The former method does not mimic the natural route of MDV infection, whereas the latter method suffers from lack of uniformity in the timing and amount of virus transmission from seeder chickens to susceptible birds. The aim of the present study was to establish an infection model of MDV that mimics the natural route of infection. Here we report that when chickens were exposed for 20 min to aerosols (particle size 1.91 mu m) of cell-free MDV suspensions containing 1280 plaque-forming units/ml, which were generated using a nebulizer, pathological and clinical signs of MD were observed in 95%-100% of the aerosol-exposed chickens by 21 days post-infection (dpi). Chickens that were exposed to aerosols and sampled at 1, 2, 3, 10, and 21 dpi showed MDV replication as early as 1 dpi in lungs as well as in other tissues such as spleen and bursa of Fabricius. This infection model will facilitate the studies directed to elucidate MDV-host interaction at the site of virus entry. C1 [Abdul-Careem, Mohamed Faizal; Javaheri-Vayeghan, Abbas; Shanmuganathan, Sangitha; Haghighi, Hamid Reza; Read, Leah R.; Haq, Kamran; Hunter, D. Bruce; Sharif, Shayan] Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Schat, Karel A.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Heidari, Mohammad] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Sharif, S (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM shayan@uoguelph.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Poultry Industry Council FX This study was carried out with financial support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Poultry Industry Council. We thank Dr. Davor Ojkic for providing access to LC-480 thermocycler. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 387 EP 391 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 501OA UT WOS:000270390000010 PM 19848077 ER PT J AU Li, S Zhang, MZ Yan, LF Lillehoj, H Pace, LW Zhang, SP AF Li, Shuhui Zhang, M. Zhenyu Yan, Lifang Lillehoj, Hyun Pace, Lanny W. Zhang, Shuping TI Induction of CXC Chemokine Messenger-RNA Expression in Chicken Oviduct Epithelial Cells by Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis via the Type Three Secretion System-1 SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; chemokines; cytokines; oviduct epithelial cells ID LAYING HENS; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND-2; EFFECTOR PROTEINS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; UP-REGULATION; PHAGE TYPE-4; TYPHIMURIUM; MACROPHAGES; COLONIZATION; RESPONSES AB The messenger-RNA (mRNA) expression of selected cytokines and chemokines in primary chicken oviduct epithelial cells (COEC) was determined following in vitro infections with wild-type or type three secretion system (T3SS)-mutant Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) strains. All SE strains examined in this study elicited the expression of proinflammatory immune mediators including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CXCLi1 (K60), CXCLi2 (IL-8), CCLi3 (K203), and CCLi4 (MIP-1 beta). SE also triggered the expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, but repressed TGF-beta 3 transcription. Both T3SS-1 (sipA and sipB) and T3SS-2 (pipB and ssaV) mutants showed reduced capacity, compared to the wild-type SE, to stimulate iNOS mRNA expression in COEC. T3SS-1 (sipA and sipB) mutants were significantly impaired in their ability to induce the expression of CXCLi1 and CXCLi2. T3SS-2 mutants displayed a wild-type phenotype in terms of modulating the expression of chemokines and cytokines in COEC. The expression of iNOS, but not CXC chemokines, correlated with the number of intracellular bacteria in COEC. Genetic complementation of the sipA mutation restored a wild-type phenotype. Thus, SE induction of CXCLi1 and CXCLi2 was sipA-dependent. These results provide enhanced insights into the complex interplay between local host innate immune system and bacterial virulence factors. C1 [Li, Shuhui; Zhang, M. Zhenyu; Yan, Lifang; Pace, Lanny W.; Zhang, Shuping] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, Mississippi Vet Res & Diagnost Lab, Pearl, MS 39288 USA. [Lillehoj, Hyun] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhang, SP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, Mississippi Vet Res & Diagnost Lab, POB 97813, Pearl, MS 39288 USA. EM zhang@cvm.msstate.edu NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 396 EP 404 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 501OA UT WOS:000270390000012 PM 19848079 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Branton, SL Leigh, SA AF Evans, J. D. Branton, S. L. Leigh, S. A. TI Effect of Dosage and Vaccination Route on Transmission of a Live Attenuated Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine: A Broiler Model SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum; vaccine strain; transmission; vaccine administration ID F-STRAIN; LAYER CHICKENS; EGG-PRODUCTION; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; TURKEYS; POULTRY AB Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is an economically significant pathogen of poultry species. Among the table egg sector of the poultry industry, live attenuated strains of MG are commonly used to limit production losses associated with MG-induced disease. These vaccines, however, may be problematic to broiler-and turkey-related industries because of associated virulence; therefore, an understanding of the transmissibility of the live MG vaccines is of particular importance. In the present study, a broiler model addresses the effect of vaccine application route and dosage on the transmission of the MG vaccine FVAX-MG (R) to commingled unvaccinated subjects for 7 wk postvaccination. Vaccinations occurred at 2 wk of age via eyedrop or spray application at 1 x (4 x 10(6) colony-forming units [cfu]), 10(-3) x (4 x 10(3) cfu), or 10(-6) x (4 cfu) of the manufacturer's recommended dosage, and subsequent transmission to unvaccinated subjects was measured. The serologic response to MG antigen and the presence of MG DNA indicated FVAX-MG transmission only within the 1 x FVAX-MG eyedrop treatment. Among no other treatment was transmission of FVAX-MG detected. The results of the present study demonstrate that the dosage and vaccination route may have direct implications on subsequent transmission of FVAX-MG. C1 [Evans, J. D.; Branton, S. L.; Leigh, S. A.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jeff.evans@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 416 EP 420 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 501OA UT WOS:000270390000015 PM 19848082 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NM Bosco-Lauth, AM Bowen, RA AF Nemeth, Nicole M. Bosco-Lauth, Angela M. Bowen, Richard A. TI Cross-Protection Between West Nile and Japanese Encephalitis Viruses in Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Japanese encephalitis virus; West Nile virus; antibody; bird; cross-protection; immunity ID ST-LOUIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; UNITED-STATES; FLAVIVIRUSES; SPREAD; BIRDS; EPIZOOTIOLOGY AB Similar to West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has a history of intercontinental spread, and birds are important for the maintenance and transmission of both of these closely related viruses. We examined viremic and serologic responses of blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), with and without immunity to WNV, following experimental inoculation with two strains of JEV. Japanese encephalitis (JE) viremia was detected in only one of 16 (6.3%) WNV-immune birds, while all 16 nonimmune birds had detectable JE viremia. Two weeks after JEV inoculation, all birds without pre-existing WNV immunity had clearly distinguishable anti-JEV antibodies, while in all birds with pre-existing WNV immunity, antibodies to WNV and JEV were either indistinguishable or the anti-WNV antibody titers were significantly higher. As WNV is endemic throughout much of North America, WNV immunity among birds may dampen transmission while complicating the serologic diagnosis of JEV, should this pathogen be introduced to North America. C1 [Nemeth, Nicole M.; Bosco-Lauth, Angela M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bowen, Richard A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nnemeth@colostate.edu FU NIH [N01-AI25489] FX We are grateful to Jim Carlson, Heather Sullivan, and Paul Oesterle of the National Wildlife Research Center for providing birds. We thank Paul Gordy for logistical support, Drs. Barbara Johnson and Barry Miller at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for providing JEV strains, and Dr. Scott Weaver for providing WEEV. This research was funded by NIH contract N01-AI25489. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 421 EP 425 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 501OA UT WOS:000270390000016 PM 19848083 ER PT J AU Roberts, NM Henzler, DJ Clark, L AF Roberts, Nathan M. Henzler, David J. Clark, Larry TI Serologic Evidence of Avian Influenza (H4N6) Exposure in a Wild-Caught Raccoon SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; avian flu; bird flu; biosecurity; wildlife; raccoon; H4N6; Procycon lotor; poultry; wild animals; furbearer ID A VIRUSES; H5N1; TRANSMISSION; PNEUMONIA; TURKEYS; TIGERS; SEALS; BIRDS AB Growing concerns about avian influenza, and its effect on agriculture and human health, have highlighted the need to understand the role of wildlife in maintaining and spreading the virus. We surveyed the wildlife inhabiting a poultry farm with recent H3N6 and H4N6 avian influenza virus exposure in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. One raccoon (Procyon lotor) tested positive for H4N6 antibodies. This is the first recorded incident of avian influenza exposure in a wild raccoon. We suggest that raccoons may play a role in the transmission of avian influenza viruses and in compromising biosecurity efforts at poultry operations. C1 [Roberts, Nathan M.; Clark, Larry] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Henzler, David J.] Bur Anim Hlth & Diagnost Serv, Commonwealth Pennsylvania Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Roberts, NM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM nmr25@cornell.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 455 EP 457 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 501OA UT WOS:000270390000021 PM 19848088 ER PT J AU Reed, LM Johansson, MA Panella, N McLean, R Creekmore, T Puelle, R Komar, N AF Reed, Lisa M. Johansson, Michael A. Panella, Nicholas McLean, Robert Creekmore, Terry Puelle, Rose Komar, Nicholas TI Declining Mortality in American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Following Natural West Nile Virus Infection SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; crows; corvids; seroprevalence; infection; mortality ID NEW-YORK-STATE; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; BIRDS; EMERGENCE; COLORADO; OSSIFRAGUS AB The American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) is known to suffer 100% mortality from infection with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus (WNV). Following the initial detection of WNV in North America in 1999, we measured prevalence of WNV-reactive antibodies ("seroprevalence") in free-ranging American and fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) of central New Jersey after each transmission season through 2005. In 2002, seroprevalence in American crow juveniles increased to 14% from the 5% of the previous year, potentially indicating increased survival in this species. Using the annual seroprevalence measurements and the number of human West Nile neuroinvasive disease cases as a surrogate for WNV transmission intensity, we developed a model to estimate the annual WNV-associated mortality rates among both of these crow species. Our model supports the hypothesis that mortality is changing over time; the WNV-associated mortality rate declined over time by 1.5% for American crow and by 1.1% for fish crow. The probability that the trend in mortality was negative was 90% for the American crow and 60% for the fish crow. C1 [Reed, Lisa M.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Johansson, Michael A.; Panella, Nicholas; Komar, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [McLean, Robert] USDA, Wildlife Dis Res Program, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Creekmore, Terry] Wyoming Game & Fish, Wildlife Div, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Puelle, Rose] Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Preparedness, Hunterdon Cty, NJ 08822 USA. RP Reed, LM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Vector Biol, 180 Jones Ave, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM lreed@rci.rutgers.edu FU State Mosquito Control Commission of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services; Equine Science Center of the School for Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University FX We thank Robert Anderson, Priscilla Collins, Vivien Roegner, Kelsey Brooks, Ryan Neary, Bevin O'Grady, and Steve Piotrowski for technical assistance. Wayne Crans provided helpful suggestions on the manuscript. Marm Kilpatrick, Brad Biggerstaff, and Mark Delorey provided advice on data analysis. Funding was provided from the State Mosquito Control Commission of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, and the Equine Science Center of the School for Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University. This is New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station publication number D-08-08294-08-09. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 53 IS 3 BP 458 EP 461 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 501OA UT WOS:000270390000022 PM 19848089 ER PT J AU Hardin, SC Larue, CT Oh, MH Jain, V Huber, SC AF Hardin, Shane C. Larue, Clayton T. Oh, Man-Ho Jain, Vanita Huber, Steven C. TI Coupling oxidative signals to protein phosphorylation via methionine oxidation in Arabidopsis SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK); hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)); methionine oxidation; oxidative signalling; phosphorylation motif ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; HINGE 1 REGION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; REACTIVE OXYGEN; POSTTRANSLATIONAL REGULATION; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; NITRIC-OXIDE; GUARD-CELLS; IN-VITRO AB The mechanisms involved in sensing oxidative signalling molecules, such as H(2)O(2), in plant and animal cells are not completely understood. In the present study, we tested the postulate that oxidation of Met (methionine) to MetSO (Met sulfoxide) can couple oxidative signals to changes in protein phosphorylation. We demonstrate that when a Met residue functions as a hydrophobic recognition element within a phosphorylation motif, its oxidation can strongly inhibit peptide phosphorylation in vitro. This is shown to occur with recombinant soybean CDPKs (calcium-dependent protein kinases) and human AMPK (AMP-dependent protein kinase). To determine whether this effect may occur in vivo, we monitored the phosphorylation status of Arabidopsis leaf NR (nitrate reductase) on Ser(534) using modification-specific antibodies. NR was a candidate protein for this mechanism because Met(538), located at the P + 4 position, serves as a hydrophobic recognition element for phosphorylation of Ser(534) and its oxidation substantially inhibits phosphorylation of Ser(534) in vitro. Two lines of evidence suggest that Met oxidation may inhibit phosphorylation of NR-Ser(534) in vivo. First, phosphorylation of NR at the Ser(534) site was sensitive to exogenous H(2)O(2) and secondly, phosphorylation in normal darkened leaves was increased by overexpression of the cytosolic MetSO-repair enzyme PMSRA3 (peptide MetSO reductase A3). These results are consistent with the notion that oxidation of surface-exposed Met residues in kinase substrate proteins, such as NR, can inhibit the phosphorylation of nearby sites and thereby couple oxidative signals to changes in protein phosphorylation. C1 [Hardin, Shane C.; Larue, Clayton T.; Oh, Man-Ho; Jain, Vanita; Huber, Steven C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Larue, Clayton T.; Oh, Man-Ho; Huber, Steven C.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jain, Vanita] Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Plant Physiol, New Delhi 1100012, India. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM schuber1@illinois.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2007-35318-17801, 2008-35318-18650]; US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS); Department of Science and Technology FX This work was supported in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [grant numbers 2007-35318-17801 and 2008-35318-18650] and by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS). V. J. thanks the Department of Science and Technology for providing support in the form of a BOYSCAST fellowship. NR 51 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 21 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 422 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1042/BJ20090764 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 489OM UT WOS:000269429900012 PM 19527223 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Mitchell, R Richardson, J Zalesny, RS AF Casler, Michael D. Mitchell, Rob Richardson, Jim Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr. TI Biofuels, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts from Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Crops SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Biomass; Crop improvement; Lignocellulosics; Productivity; Sustainability C1 [Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Casler, Michael D.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mitchell, Rob] Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Richardson, Jim] Poplar Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1G 2C5, Canada. RP Zalesny, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM rzalesny@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 77 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9044-z PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607GS UT WOS:000278487700001 ER PT J AU Rock, KP Thelemann, RT Jung, HJG Tschirner, UW Sheaffer, CC Johnson, GA AF Rock, Katie Petersen Thelemann, Ryan T. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Tschirner, Ulrike W. Sheaffer, Craig C. Johnson, Gregg A. TI Variation due to Growth Environment in Alfalfa Yield, Cellulosic Ethanol Traits, and Paper Pulp Characteristics SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alfalfa; Cellulosic ethanol; Environment; Paper pulp fiber; Yield ID LANDSCAPE POSITION; FORAGE QUALITY; STEM TISSUES; REED CANARYGRASS; SOIL-WATER; LIGNIN; DIGESTIBILITY; PROTEIN; LEAF; DEGRADABILITY AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a promising bioenergy and bioproduct feedstock because of its high yield, N-fixation capacity, potential for planting in rotation with corn (Zea mays L.), and valuable protein co-product (leaf meal). Our objective was to examine the effect of growth environment on biomass yield, cellulosic ethanol traits, and paper pulp fiber characteristics of alfalfa stems. Landscape position (summit and mild slope), season of harvest (four harvests per season), and multiple years (2005 and 2006) provided environmental variation. Alfalfa stem samples were analyzed for cell wall carbohydrate and lignin concentration. Stems were subjected to dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and pulping processes to measure relevant cellulosic ethanol and paper production traits. Landscape position was not a significant source of variation for yield or any biomass quality trait. Yields varied among harvests in 2005 (1,4103,265 kg ha(-1)) and 2006 (1,610-3,795 kg ha(-1)). All cell wall, conversion test, and paper production traits exhibited year by harvest interactions with no clear pattern. Total carbohydrates and lignin ranged from 440 to 531 gkg(-1) DM and from 113 to 161 gkg(-1) DM, respectively. Release of cell wall sugars by the conversion test ranged widely (419 to 962 gkg(-1) DM). Fiber traits were similarly variable with length and fine content ranging from 1.24 to 1.59 mm and from 15.2% to 21.9%, respectively. Utilizing alfalfa biomass for cellulosic ethanol and paper pulp production will involve dealing with significant feedstock quality variation due to growth environment. C1 [Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Tschirner, Ulrike W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rock, Katie Petersen; Thelemann, Ryan T.; Sheaffer, Craig C.; Johnson, Gregg A.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jung, HJG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM Hans.Jung@ars.usda.gov FU Initiative for Renewable Energy; University of Minnesota FX We appreciate the valuable training and technical assistance of Ted Jeo, Matt Bickell, Tom Hoverstad, and Paul Adam. Funding for this project was provided by the Initiative for Renewable Energy and the Environment of the University of Minnesota. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a recommendation or warranty of the product by the University of Minnesota or the USDA-ARS and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other suitable products. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 EI 1939-1242 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9035-0 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607GS UT WOS:000278487700002 ER PT J AU Eisenbies, MH Vance, ED Aust, WM Seiler, JR AF Eisenbies, M. H. Vance, E. D. Aust, W. M. Seiler, J. R. TI Intensive Utilization of Harvest Residues in Southern Pine Plantations: Quantities Available and Implications for Nutrient Budgets and Sustainable Site Productivity SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Harvest slash; Nutrient removal; Forest stands; Forest soils; Southern yellow pine ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; UNITED-STATES; RADIATA PLANTATION; WHOLE-TREE; SOIL PRODUCTIVITY; SHORT-TERM; FOREST; CARBON; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN AB The rising costs and social concerns over fossil fuels have resulted in increased interest in and opportunities for biofuels. Biomass in the form of coarse woody residues remaining after traditional timber harvest in the southeastern USA is a potentially significant source of biomass for bioenergy. Questions remain regarding whether the removal of this material would constitute a sustainable silvicultural practice given the potential impact on soil nutrient cycling and other ecosystem functions. Our objective is to review existing studies to estimate quantities of residual materials on southern pine forests that may be available, potential nutrient removals, and potential replacement with fertilizer. Regionally, it is estimated that 32 million Mg year(-1) of dry harvest residues may be available as a feedstock. At the stand level, between 50 and 85 Mg ha(-1) of material is left on site after typical stem-only harvests, of which half could be removed using chippers at the landing. Based on these estimates, increase in midrotation fertilization rates of 45% to 60% may be needed on some sites to fully replace the nutrients from harvesting residues removed for bioenergy. Field experiments suggest that residue removals do not degrade forest productivity in many cases, but more data are needed to assess the effects of frequent removals (i.e., from short-rotation systems) over longer periods and identify sites that may be particularly sensitive to the practice. A benefit of developing markets for previously nonmerchantable materials may create incentives for improved forest management by landowners. C1 [Eisenbies, M. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Vance, E. D.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Aust, W. M.; Seiler, J. R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Eisenbies, MH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Box 9681, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM meisenbi@vt.edu NR 76 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 90 EP 98 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9036-z PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607GS UT WOS:000278487700003 ER PT J AU Zalesny, RS Hall, RB Zalesny, JA McMahon, BG Berguson, WE Stanosz, GR AF Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr. Hall, Richard B. Zalesny, Jill A. McMahon, Bernard G. Berguson, William E. Stanosz, Glen R. TI Biomass and Genotype x Environment Interactions of Populus Energy Crops in the Midwestern United States SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Feedstock development; Hybrid poplar; Productivity; Tree improvement ID DORMANT HARDWOOD CUTTINGS; SHORT-ROTATION; PRODUCTION PHYSIOLOGY; GENETIC-VARIATION; SOIL CARBON; POPLAR PLANTATIONS; RENEWABLE ENERGY; HYBRIDS; TRICHOCARPA; MORPHOLOGY AB Using Populus feedstocks for biofuels, bioenergy, and bioproducts is becoming economically feasible as global fossil fuel prices increase. Maximizing Populus biomass production across regional landscapes largely depends on understanding genotype x environment interactions, given broad genetic variation at strategic (genomic group) and operational (clone) levels. A regional network of Populus field tests was established in the Midwest USA in 1995, 1997, and 2000 to assess relative productivity of 187 clones grown at Westport, Minnesota (45.7 degrees N, 95.2 degrees W); Waseca, Minnesota (only 2000; 44.1 degrees N, 93.5 degrees W); Arlington, Wisconsin (43.3 degrees N, 89.4 degrees W); and Ames, Iowa (42.0 degrees N, 93.6 degrees W). We evaluated biomass potential throughout plantation development and identified clones with yield substantially greater than commercial controls (Eugenei, NM6). For each site, biomass ranges (Mg ha(-1) year(-1)) of the best six clones were: Westport: 2.3 to 3.9 (5 years), 8.0 to 10.1 (8 years), and 8.9 to 11.3 (10 years); Waseca: 10.4 to 13.4 (7 years); Arlington: 5.1 to 7.1 (3 years), 14.8 to 20.9 (6 years), and 16.1 to 21.1 (8 years); and Ames: 4.3 to 5.3 (4 years), 11.1 to 20.9 (7 years), and 14.3 to 24.5 (9 years). Mean biomass of the best three clones was 1.4 to 2.7 times greater than controls as trees developed at Westport (1995, 1997) and Waseca 2000. Genotype x environment interactions governed biomass production, with clone-mean rank correlations across sites ranging from 0.29 to 0.81. We identified generalist genotypes (e.g. Crandon, NC14105, NM2) with elevated biomass across the region and specialists (e. g. 7300501, 80X01015, and NC14103) with exceptional biomass at specific locations. C1 [Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr.; Zalesny, Jill A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Hall, Richard B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McMahon, Bernard G.; Berguson, William E.] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Stanosz, Glen R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zalesny, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM rzalesny@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 106 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9039-9 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607GS UT WOS:000278487700005 ER PT J AU Zalesny, JA Zalesny, RS Coyle, DR Hall, RB Bauer, EO AF Zalesny, Jill A. Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr. Coyle, David R. Hall, Richard B. Bauer, Edmund O. TI Clonal Variation in Morphology of Populus Root Systems Following Irrigation with Landfill Leachate or Water during 2 Years of Establishment SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Adventitious rooting; Feedstock production; Phytotechnologies; Poplar genetics; Waste management ID HYBRID POPLAR; FINE ROOTS; BIOMASS; DELTOIDES; GROWTH; PLANTATION; CUTTINGS; STANDS; WOODY AB Increased municipal solid waste generation in North America has prompted the use of Populus for phytoremediation of waste waters including landfill leachate. Populus species and hybrids are ideal for such applications because of their high water usage rates, fast growth, and extensive root systems. Adventitious rooting (i.e., lateral rooting from primordia and basal rooting from callus) of Populus is important for phytotechnologies to ensure successful plantation establishment with genotypes that thrive when irrigated with highly variable or specific contaminants. We evaluated differences in root system morphology following establishment with high-salinity municipal solid waste landfill leachate or uncontaminated well water (control). Populus clones (NC13460, NC14018, NC14104, NC14106, DM115, DN5, NM2, and NM6) were irrigated during 2005 and 2006 in northern Wisconsin, USA and tested for differences in morphology of lateral and basal root types, as well as fine (0-2 mm diameter), small (2-5 mm), and coarse (> 5 mm) roots. Across treatments and clones, trees averaged five roots per root type. Leachate-irrigated trees had 87% (lateral) and 105% (basal) as many roots as those irrigated with water. Leachate-irrigated trees had 96% as many fine roots as watering with irrigation water, whereas trees with leachate had 112% (small) and 88% (coarse) as many roots versus water. Despite root necrosis and regrowth in 23% of the trees, leachate irrigation did not negatively affect root diameter or dry mass. Given that adequate rooting is necessary for plantation establishment, leachate and similar waste waters are viable irrigation and fertilization sources of Populus crops used as feedstocks for biofuels, bioenergy, and bioproducts. C1 [Zalesny, Jill A.; Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr.; Bauer, Edmund O.] US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Coyle, David R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hall, Richard B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zalesny, JA (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Remediat & Redev, 107 Sutliff Ave, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM jill.zalesny@wisconsin.gov NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9037-y PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607GS UT WOS:000278487700007 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Sarath, G Pedersen, JF Sattler, SE Chen, H Funnell-Harris, DL Nichols, NN Cotta, MA AF Dien, Bruce S. Sarath, Gautam Pedersen, Jeffrey F. Sattler, Scott E. Chen, Han Funnell-Harris, Deanna L. Nichols, Nancy N. Cotta, Michael A. TI Improved Sugar Conversion and Ethanol Yield for Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Lines with Reduced Lignin Contents SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy crops; Bioethanol; Brown midrib; Lignin; Sorghum bicolor ID BROWN-MIDRIB MUTANTS; GRASS CELL-WALL; BMR-12 GENES; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; PRETREATMENT; BIOMASS; SACCHARIFICATION; DEGRADABILITY; PHENOTYPE; QUALITY AB Lignin is known to impede conversion of lignocellulose into ethanol. In this study, forage sorghum plants carrying brown midrib (bmr) mutations, which reduce lignin contents, were evaluated as bioenergy feedstocks. The near-isogenic lines evaluated were: wild type, bmr-6, bmr-12, and bmr-6 bmr-12 double mutant. The bmr-6 and bmr-12 mutations were equally efficient at reducing lignin contents (by 13% and 15%, respectively), and the effects were additive (27%) for the double mutant. Reducing lignin content was highly beneficial for improving biomass conversion yields. Sorghum biomass samples were pretreated with dilute acid and recovered solids washed and hydrolyzed with cellulase to liberate glucose. Glucose yields for the sorghum biomass were improved by 27%, 23%, and 34% for bmr-6, bmr-12, and the double mutant, respectively, compared to wild type. Sorghum biomass was also pretreated with dilute acid followed by co-treatment with cellulases and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) into ethanol. Conversion of cellulose to ethanol for dilute-acid pretreated sorghum biomass was improved by 22%, 21%, and 43% for bmr-6, bmr-12, and the double mutant compared to wild type, respectively. Electron microscopy of dilute-acid treated samples showed an increased number of lignin globules in double-mutant tissues as compared to the wild-type, suggesting the lignin had become more pliable. The mutations were also effective for improving ethanol yields when the (degrained) sorghum was pretreated with dilute alkali instead of dilute acid. Following pretreatment with dilute ammonium hydroxide and SSF, ethanol conversion yields were 116 and 130 mg ethanol/g dry biomass for the double-mutant samples and 98 and 113 mg/g for the wild-type samples. C1 [Dien, Bruce S.; Nichols, Nancy N.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sarath, Gautam; Pedersen, Jeffrey F.; Sattler, Scott E.; Funnell-Harris, Deanna L.] Univ Nebraska, ARS, USDA, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Chen, Han] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Biotechnol, Microscopy Facil, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Dien, BS (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bruce.Dien@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 37 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9041-2 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607GS UT WOS:000278487700009 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Cherney, JH Brummer, EC AF Casler, Michael D. Cherney, Jerome H. Brummer, E. Charles TI Biomass Yield of Naturalized Populations and Cultivars of Reed Canary Grass SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phalaris arundinacea L.; Selection; Breeding; Biofuel crops ID PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA L.; PERENNIAL GRASSES; ENERGY CROPS; PERSISTENCE; MANAGEMENT; TRIALS AB Reed canary grass is a widely adapted temperate grass with a circumglobal distribution in the northern hemisphere. Because it has relatively high biomass yields under relatively infrequent harvest systems, this species is receiving increasing attention as a bioenergy feedstock. The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative biomass yield evaluation of reed canary grass accessions from a wide range of habitats in the north central and northeastern USA. Eight cultivars and 72 accessions were evaluated for biomass yield over 2 years at five locations in Iowa, New York, and Wisconsin. Accessions produced, on average, 6.7% higher biomass yield than the cultivars. Cultivars ranked from 50th to 77th in biomass yield out of a total of 80 cultivars and accessions. Genetic expression for biomass yield was highly consistent across locations and years. Accessions from southern and western collection sites tended to have the highest biomass yield. Reed canary grass populations in rural landscapes of the central and northeastern USA have value for increasing biomass yield potential of this bioenergy feedstock candidate species. The high biomass yield of many of these populations, combined with the large amount of genetic variability among these populations, offers potential for both short-term gains by selecting superior accessions and long-term gains by selection and breeding. C1 [Casler, Michael D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cherney, Jerome H.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Brummer, E. Charles] Univ Georgia, Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM michael.casler@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9043-0 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607GS UT WOS:000278487700010 ER PT J AU Laird, DA Brown, RC Amonette, JE Lehmann, J AF Laird, David A. Brown, Robert C. Amonette, James E. Lehmann, Johannes TI Review of the pyrolysis platform for coproducing bio-oil and biochar SO BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR LA English DT Review DE pyrolysis; bio-oil; biochar; biomass; carbon sequestration; soil quality; agriculture; Terra Preta ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; BLACK CARBON; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; BIOMASS PYROLYSIS; THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION; CHARCOAL; BIOENERGY; YIELD; RESIDUES; GROWTH AB Pyrolysis is a relatively simple, inexpensive, and robust thermochemical technology for transforming biomass into bio-oil, biochar, and syngas. The robust nature of the pyrolysis technology, which allows considerable flexibility in both the type and quality of the biomass feedstock, combined with a distributed network of small pyrolysis plants, would be compatible with existing agriculture and forestry infrastructure. Bio-oil can be used as a fuel in existing industrial boilers. Biochar can be used with existing infrastructure as a replacement for pulverized coal; however, use of biochar as a soil amendment results in significant environmental and agronomic benefits. Soil application of biochar is a means of sequestering large amounts of C and may have other greenhouse gas benefits. Preliminary reports of the impact of soil biochar applications on crop yields indicate that biochar quality is very important. Biochar is an effective adsorbent for both nutrients and organic contaminants, hence the presence of biochar in soils has been shown to improve water quality in column leaching and field lysimeters studies and it is anticipated to do the same for agricultural watersheds. The pyrolysis platform for producing bio-oil and biochar from biomass appears to be a practical, effective, and environmentally sustainable means of producing large quantities of renewable bioenergy while simultaneously reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. At the present time, the pyrolysis platform is economically marginal because markets for bio-oil and biochar are highly competitive. However, if the USA adopts a program for controlling greenhouse gases, the pyrolysis platform would be highly competitive. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Laird, David A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Brown, Robert C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Amonette, James E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lehmann, Johannes] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM david.laird@ars.usda.gov RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014; Lehmann, Johannes/H-2682-2014 OI Lehmann, Johannes/0000-0002-4701-2936 NR 75 TC 196 Z9 228 U1 12 U2 257 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1932-104X J9 BIOFUEL BIOPROD BIOR JI Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefining PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 3 IS 5 BP 547 EP 562 DI 10.1002/bbb.169 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 531GP UT WOS:000272652600012 ER PT J AU Fellman, JB Hood, E D'Amore, DV Edwards, RT White, D AF Fellman, Jason B. Hood, Eran D'Amore, David V. Edwards, Richard T. White, Dan TI Seasonal changes in the chemical quality and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter exported from soils to streams in coastal temperate rainforest watersheds SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon; Dissolved organic matter; Dissolved organic nitrogen; Fluorescence; PARAFAC; Peatland; Biogeochemistry ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; NATURAL-WATERS; CARBON-CYCLE; AMINO-ACIDS; LAKE WATER; NITROGEN; WETLANDS; MARINE AB The composition and biodegradability of streamwater dissolved organic matter (DOM) varies with source material and degree of transformation. We combined PARAFAC modeling of fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) incubations to investigate seasonal changes in the lability of DOM along a soil-stream continuum in three soil types: bog, forested wetland and upland forest. The percent BDOC ranged from 7 to 38% across all sites, and was significantly greater in soil compared to streamwater in the bog and forested wetland, but not in the upland forest. The percent BDOC also varied significantly over the entire sampling period in soil and streamwater for the bog and forested wetland, as BDOC peaked during the spring runoff and was lowest during the summer months. Moreover, the chemical quality of DOM in wetland soil and streamwater was similar during the spring runoff and fall wet season, as demonstrated by the similar contribution of protein-like fluorescence (sum of tyrosine and tryptophan fluorescence) in soil water and in streams. These findings suggest that the tight coupling between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is responsible for the delivery of labile DOM from wetland soils to streams. The contribution of protein-like fluorescence was significantly correlated with BDOC (p < 0.001) over the entire sampling period indicating DOM is an important source of C and N for heterotrophic microbes. Taken together, our findings suggest that the production of protein-rich, labile DOM and subsequent loss in stream runoff might be an important loss of labile C and N from coastal temperate watersheds. C1 [Fellman, Jason B.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hood, Eran] Univ Alaska SE, Environm Sci Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [D'Amore, David V.; Edwards, Richard T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [White, Dan] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst No Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fellman, JB (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fsjbf6@uaf.edu FU US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2005-35102-16289]; USDA Forest Service, Resource Management and Productivity Program; Aquatic and Land Interactions Program at the Pacific Northwest Research Station in Juneau, AK FX The authors wish to acknowledge Karen Michael, Jacob Berkowitz, Adelaide Johnson, Erik Norberg, Mark Lukey, Denise Elston, Nicholas Bonzey and Andy Bookter for their tremendous laboratory and field assistance. This study was funded by the US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative, grant number 2005-35102-16289, the USDA Forest Service, Resource Management and Productivity Program and the Aquatic and Land Interactions Program at the Pacific Northwest Research Station in Juneau, AK. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture of any product or service. NR 64 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 7 U2 95 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD SEP PY 2009 VL 95 IS 2-3 BP 277 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s10533-009-9336-6 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 494SV UT WOS:000269837900007 ER PT J AU Moran, PJ DeLoach, CJ Dudley, TL Sanabria, J AF Moran, Patrick J. DeLoach, C. Jack Dudley, Tom L. Sanabria, Joaquin TI Open field host selection and behavior by tamarisk beetles (Diorhabda spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in biological control of exotic saltcedars (Tamarix spp.) and risks to non-target athel (T. aphylla) and native Frankenia spp. SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control of weeds; Saltcedar; Athel; Tamarix; Frankenia; Host range; Nontarget effects; Texas; Nevada; Diorhabda elongata; Diorhabda sublineata; Diorhabda carinulata; Opsius stactogalus ID ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ASIAN LEAF BEETLE; CONTROL AGENT; DIFFERENT POPULATIONS; INVASIVE TAMARIX; BIOCONTROL AGENT; TAMARICACEAE; SPECIFICITY; PLANTS AB Biological control of invasive saltcedars (Tamarix spp.) in the western U.S. by exotic tamarisk leaf beetles, Diorhabda spp., first released in 2001 after 15 years of development, has been successful. in Texas, beetles from Crete, Greece were first released in 2004 and are providing control. However, adults alight, feed and oviposit on athel (Tamarix aphylla), an evergreen tree used for shade and as a windbreak in the southwestern U.S. and Mexico, and occasionally feed on native Frankenia spp. plants. The ability of tamarisk beetles to establish on these potential field hosts was investigated in the field. In no-choice tests in bagged branches, beetle species from Crete and Sfax, Tunisia produced 30-45% as many egg masses and 40-60% as many larvae on athel as on saltcedar. In uncaged choice tests in south Texas, adult, egg mass and larval densities were 10-fold higher on saltcedar than on adjacent athel trees after 2 weeks, and damage by the beetles was 2- to 10-fold greater on saltcedar. At a site near Big Spring, in west-central Texas, adults, egg masses and 1st and 2nd instar larvae were 2- to 8-fold more abundant on saltcedar than on athel planted within a mature saltcedar stand being defoliated by Crete beetles, and beetles were 200-fold or less abundant or not found at all on Frankenia. At a site near Lovelock, Nevada, damage by beetles of a species collected from Fukang, China was 12-78% higher on saltcedar than on athel planted among mature saltcedar trees undergoing defoliation. The results demonstrate that 50-90% reduced oviposition on athel and beetle dispersal patterns within resident saltcedar limit the ability of Diorhabda spp. to establish populations and have impact on athel in the field. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Moran, Patrick J.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [DeLoach, C. Jack] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Dudley, Tom L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sanabria, Joaquin] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Moran, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM Patrick.Moran@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES-IFAFS [00-52103-9647]; Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board [03-11]; USDA Forest Service FHP [R4-2004-01] FX We thank James Everitt (USDA-ARS, IFNRRU, Weslaco, TX) for aerial images of the Big Spring site, Allen Knutson (Texas AgriLife Research and Extension, Dallas, TX) for assistance with monitoring and development of ant control, John Gaskin (USDA-ARS, NPARL, Sidney, MT) for DNA analyses of Tamarix species, Ray Carruthers and John Herr (USDA-ARS, EIWRU, Albany, CA) for testing of host specificity and for developing release methodologies, James Tracy and Tom Robbins (USDA-ARS, GSWRL, Temple, TX) for conducting field monitoring at Big Spring and assisting with plant and insect identification, data entry, and analysis, and Connie Graham and Mari DeAnda, USDA-ARS, BIRU, Weslaco, TX, for assistance with field monitoring at Kingsville. We thank landowners Susan Wukasch (Kingsville, TX), David Higgins (Big Spring, TX) and the Nevada Department of Wildlife (Lovelock, NV) for access to held sites. We thank A. Knutson, D. Thompson and G. Michels for critical reviews. We thank our overseas cooperators, R. Jashenko and I. Mityaev (Almaty, Kazakhstan), B.P. Li (Nanjing, China) and J. Kashefi (Thessaloniki, Greece) for field ecology studies and shipments of beetles. This research was funded in part by the USDA-CSREES-IFAFS Grant #00-52103-9647 (to Ray Carruthers), by the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board Grant #03-11 to C.J.D., and USDA Forest Service FHP Grant #R4-2004-01 to T.L.D. NR 70 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2009 VL 50 IS 3 BP 243 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.04.011 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 471VP UT WOS:000268086700004 ER PT J AU Woods, DM Bruckart, WL Pitcairn, M Popescu, V O'Brien, J AF Woods, Dale M. Bruckart, William L., III Pitcairn, Michael Popescu, Viola O'Brien, Jon TI Susceptibility of yellow starthistle to Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis and greenhouse production of inoculum for classical biological control programs SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis; Centaurea solstitialis; Biological control; Rust; Plant pathogen; Inoculum production; Disease susceptibility; Weed; Uredinales; Asteraceae ID CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; UNITED-STATES; PROPAGATION; POPULATIONS; INFECTION; PATHOGEN; COST; WEED AB In anticipation of large-scale distribution of a Turkish isolate of Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis in California for biological control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis, YST), susceptibility of YST within the state was determined and a protocol for bulk inoculum production was developed. Inoculation was made of 62 field accessions of YST representative of the range of habitats in California. These were determined to be equally susceptible to infection by the isolate approved for release in the United States in 2003. To support a program to speed establishment by release at many locations statewide, protocols for artificial increase of inoculum were developed. Over 64 g of urediniospores were produced with a mass-production system under greenhouse conditions from 2003 to 2006. Yield of inoculum varied by season, with peak production occurring from early spring through early summer. A large-scale urediniospore harvest also was made from a field plot at Davis, California. Our results show that susceptibility of YST in California is not likely to limit establishment of P. jaceae for biological control, and that production of this or other obligate pathogenic fungi (biological control agent) is possible for support of statewide release and research programs. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Woods, Dale M.; Pitcairn, Michael; Popescu, Viola] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Bruckart, William L., III] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [O'Brien, Jon] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Woods, DM (reprint author), Calif Dept Food & Agr, 3288 Meadowview Rd, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. EM dwoods@cdfa.ca.gov FU United States Army Corps of Engineers FX We greatly appreciate the efforts of Jim Brown and LeAnne Horning to keep the greenhouse functioning and pests under control. Thanks to Leslie Woods for use of the ultra-cold freezer. This study was partially supported by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2009 VL 50 IS 3 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.04.010 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 471VP UT WOS:000268086700007 ER PT J AU Kim, HN Hong, Y Lee, I Bradford, SA Walker, SL AF Kim, Hyunjung N. Hong, Yongsuk Lee, Ilkeun Bradford, Scott A. Walker, Sharon L. TI Surface Characteristics and Adhesion Behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7: Role of Extracellular Macromolecules SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SOFT-PARTICLE ANALYSIS; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; CELL-SURFACE; POROUS-MEDIA; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; BACTERIAL ADHESION; STREPTOCOCCUS-SALIVARIUS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES; TRANSPORT BEHAVIOR AB Experiments were conducted using enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:117 cells to investigate the influence of extracellular macromolecules on cell surface properties and adhesion behavior to quartz sand. Partial removal of the extracellular macromolecules on cells by a proteolytic enzyme (proteinase K) was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The proteinase K treated cells exhibited more negative electrophoretic mobility (EPM) at an ionic strength (IS) <= 1 mM, a slightly lower isoelectric point, and were less hydrophobic as compared to the untreated cells. Potentiometric titration results indicated that the total site concentration (i.e., the total amount: of exposed functional groups per cell) on the treated cells was approximately 22% smaller than the untreated cells, while the dissociation constants were almost identical. Analysis of the EPM data using soft particle theory showed that the removal of extracellular macromolecules resulted in polymeric layers outside the cell surface that were less electrophoretically soft. The more negative mobility for the treated cells was likely due to the combined effects of a change in the distribution of functional groups and an increase in the charges per unit volume after enzyme treatment and not just removal of extracellular macromolecules. The proteolytic digestion of extracellular macromolecules led to a significant difference in the cell adhesion to quartz sand. The adhesion behavior for treated cells was consistent with DLVO theory and increased with IS due to less negativity in the EPM. In contrast, the adhesion behavior of untreated cells was much more complex and exhibited a maximum at IS = 1 mM. The treated cells exhibited less adhesion than the untreated cells when the IS <= 1 mM due to their more negative EPM. However, when the IS >= 10 mM, a sudden decrease in the removal efficiency was observed only for the untreated cells even through EPM values were similar for both treated and untreated cells. This result suggested that an additional non-DLVO type interaction, electrosteric repulsion, occurred at higher IS (>= 10 mM in this study) for the untreated cells due to the presence of extracellular macromolecules that hindered cell adhesion to the quartz surface, This finding provides important insight into the role of macromolecule-induced E. coli O157:H7 interactions in aquatic environments. C1 [Kim, Hyunjung N.; Hong, Yongsuk; Walker, Sharon L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Lee, Ilkeun] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Walker, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM swalker@engr.ucr.edu RI LEE, ILKEUN/B-2294-2010; Kim, Hyunjung/F-1505-2013 OI Kim, Hyunjung/0000-0003-2115-6891 FU USDA CSREES NRI [2006-02541] FX This research was funded by the USDA CSREES NRI (Grant No. 2006-02541). The E. coli O157: H7/pGFP strain 72 was provided by Dr. Pina Fratamico (USDA-ARS-ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA). We acknowledge Dr. Francisco Zaera (Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside) for his FT-IR expertise and access to his equipment. NR 82 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD SEP PY 2009 VL 10 IS 9 BP 2556 EP 2564 DI 10.1021/bm900516y PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 492PO UT WOS:000269671200021 PM 19746994 ER PT J AU Ahn, HK Sauer, TJ Richard, TL Glanville, TD AF Ahn, H. K. Sauer, T. J. Richard, T. L. Glanville, T. D. TI Determination of thermal properties of composting bulking materials SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Thermal properties; Compost bulking materials; Thermal conductivity; Thermal diffusivity; Volumetric heat capacity ID WATER-CONTENT; CONDUCTIVITY; DISPOSAL; MANURE; HEAT; DIFFUSIVITY; AERATION; SEEDS AB Thermal properties of compost bulking materials affect temperature and biodegradation during the composting process. Well determined thermal properties of compost feedstocks will therefore contribute to practical thermodynamic approaches. Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and volumetric heat capacity of 12 compost bulking materials were determined in this study. Thermal properties were determined at varying bulk densities (1, 1.3, 1.7, 2.5, and 5 times uncompacted bulk density), particle sizes (ground and bulk), and water contents (0, 20, 50, 80% of water holding capacity and saturated condition). For the water content at 80% of water holding capacity. saw dust, soil compost blend, beef manure, and turkey litter showed the highest thermal conductivity (K) and volumetric heat capacity (C) (K: 0.12-0.81 W/m degrees C and C: 1.36-4.08 MJ/m(3)degrees C). Silage showed medium values at the same water content (K: 0.09-0.47 W/m degrees C and C: 0.93-3.09 MJ/m(3)degrees C). Wheat straw, oat straw, soybean straw, cornstalks, alfalfa hay, and wood shavings produced the lowest K and C values (K: 0.03-0.30 W/m degrees C and C: 0.26-3.45 MJ/m(3)degrees C). Thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity showed a linear relationship with moisture content and bulk density, while thermal diffusivity showed a nonlinear relationship. Since the water, air, and solid materials have their own specific thermal property values, thermal properties of compost bulking materials vary with the rate of those three components by changing water content, bulk density, and particle size. The degree of saturation was used to represent the interaction between volumes of water, air, and solids under the various combinations of moisture content, bulk density. and particle size. The first order regression models developed in this paper represent the relationship between degree of saturation and volumetric heat capacity (r = 0.95-0.99) and thermal conductivity (r = 0.84-0.99) well. Improved knowledge of the thermal properties of compost bulking materials can contribute to improved thermodynamic modeling and heat management of composting processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ahn, H. K.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sauer, T. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Richard, T. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Glanville, T. D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ahn, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM heekwon.ahn@ars.usda.gov RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 FU US Environmental Protection Agency FX The publication of this document has been funded in part by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources through a Grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Nonpoint Source Management Program (Section 319 of the Clean Water Act). The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Michael Thompson of Iowa State University for providing access to a DSC instrument and operational assistance. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 100 IS 17 BP 3974 EP 3981 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.056 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 455IM UT WOS:000266752200020 PM 19362828 ER PT J AU Accinelli, C Sacca, ML Abbas, HK Zablotowicz, RM Wilkinson, JR AF Accinelli, Cesare Sacca, M. Ludovica Abbas, Hamed K. Zablotowicz, Robert M. Wilkinson, Jeffery R. TI Use of a granular bioplastic formulation for carrying conidia of a non-aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biocontrol formulations; Bioplastic; Mycotoxins; Biopesticides ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; BIOCONTROL; FUNGI; SOIL; GROWTH; CORN AB Previous research demonstrated that aflatoxin contamination in corn is reduced by field application of wheat grains pre-inoculated with the non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL 30797. To facilitate field applications of this biocontrol isolate, a series of laboratory studies were conducted on the reliability and efficiency of replacing wheat grains with the novel bioplastic formulation Mater-Bi (R) to serve as a carrier matrix to formulate this fungus. Mater-Bi (R) granules were inoculated with a conidial suspension of NRRL 30797 to achieve a final cell density of approximately log 7 conidia/granule. Incubation of 20-g soil samples receiving a single Mater-Bi (R) granule for 60-days resulted in log 4.2-5.3 propagules of A.flavus/g soil in microbiologically active and sterilized soil, respectively. Increasing the number of granules had no effect on the degree of soil colonization by the biocontrol fungus. In addition to the maintenance of rapid vegetative growth and colonization of soil samples, the bioplastic formulation was highly stable, indicating that Mater-Bi (R) is a suitable substitute for biocontrol applications of A. flavus NRRL 30797. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Accinelli, Cesare; Sacca, M. Ludovica] Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Abbas, Hamed K.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Zablotowicz, Robert M.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Wilkinson, Jeffery R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RP Accinelli, C (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, Viale Fanin 44, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM cesare.accinelli@unibo.it RI Accinelli, Cesare/A-4857-2008; Sacca, Maria Ludovica/A-5611-2015; OI Sacca, Maria Ludovica/0000-0003-4222-9527; Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Accinelli, Cesare/0000-0001-8200-0108 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 100 IS 17 BP 3997 EP 4004 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.010 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 455IM UT WOS:000266752200023 PM 19349167 ER PT J AU Bozic, AK Anderson, RC Carstens, GE Ricke, SC Callaway, TR Yokoyama, MT Wang, JK Nisbet, DJ AF Bozic, A. K. Anderson, R. C. Carstens, G. E. Ricke, S. C. Callaway, T. R. Yokoyama, M. T. Wang, J. K. Nisbet, D. J. TI Effects of the methane-inhibitors nitrate, nitroethane, lauric acid, Lauricidin and the Hawaiian marine algae Chaetoceros on ruminal fermentation in vitro SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nitroethane; Lauric acid; Marine algae; Methane; Rumen ID NITRITE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; INDIVIDUAL FATTY-ACIDS; COLI WILD-TYPE; METABOLIZING BACTERIUM; SELECT NITROCOMPOUNDS; RUMEN METHANOGENESIS; ORAL NITROETHANE; MYRISTIC ACID; SP-NOV; AMMONIA AB The effects of several methane-inhibitors on rumen fermentation were compared during three 24 h consecutive batch cultures of ruminal microbes in the presence of nonlimiting amounts of hydrogen. After the initial incubation series, methane production was reduced greater than 92% from that of non-treated controls (25.8 +/- 8.1 mu mol ml(-1) incubation fluid) in cultures treated with nitroethane, sodium laurate, Lauricidin (R) or a finely-ground product of the marine algae, Chaetoceros (added at 1, 5, 5 and 10 mg ml(-1), respectively) but not in cultures treated with sodium nitrate (1 mg ml(-1)). Methane production during two successive incubations was reduced greater than 98% from controls (22.5 +/- 3.2 and 23.5 +/- 7.9 mu mol ml(-1), respectively) by all treatments. Reductions in amounts of volatile fatty acids and ammonia produced and amounts of hexose fermented, when observed, were most severe in sodium laurate-treated cultures. These results demonstrate that all tested compounds inhibited ruminal methane production in our in vitro system but their effects on fermentation differed. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Anderson, R. C.; Callaway, T. R.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Bozic, A. K.] Univ Novi Sad, Fac Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. [Carstens, G. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ricke, S. C.] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Food Safety, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Yokoyama, M. T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wang, J. K.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol & Biosyst Engn, Monoa, HI USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B RD, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Robin.Anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 100 IS 17 BP 4017 EP 4025 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.061 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 455IM UT WOS:000266752200026 PM 19362827 ER PT J AU Lefcourt, AM Narayanan, P Tasch, U Kim, MS Reese, D Rostamian, R Lo, YM AF Lefcourt, A. M. Narayanan, P. Tasch, U. Kim, M. S. Reese, D. Rostamian, R. Lo, Y. M. TI Orienting apples for imaging using their inertial properties and random apple loading SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FECAL CONTAMINATION; SURFACE-DEFECTS; ORIENTATION; SYSTEM; INSPECTION; VISION; TIME AB The inability to control apple orientation during imaging has hindered the development of automated systems for sorting apples for defects such as bruises and for safety issues such as faecal contamination. Recently, a potential method for orienting apples based on their inertial properties was discovered. To test this method, apples were rolled down a track consisting of two parallel rails. As angular velocity increased, apples generally moved to an orientation where the stem/calyx axis was parallel to the plane of the track and perpendicular to the direction of travel. However, theoretical analyses and experimental results have demonstrated that select initial loading conditions could prevent or impede this orientation process. In this study, the practical importance of initial loading conditions was tested using two different methods to randomly load apples onto a track. Replicate tests indicated that successful orientation at rates of about 80% for Red and Golden Delicious cultivar apples was random, and that only 5% of the apples exhibited undesirable loading condition and orientation. Results suggest that a commercially viable orientation system could be developed by recycling apples that are not oriented during imaging, and that it should be possible to improve single-pass orientation rates by addressing track compliance and loading velocity issues. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 [Lefcourt, A. M.; Narayanan, P.; Kim, M. S.; Reese, D.] USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lefcourt, A. M.; Narayanan, P.; Tasch, U.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD USA. [Reese, D.; Lo, Y. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rostamian, R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lefcourt, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, Bldg 303, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM alan.lefcourt@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 EI 1537-5129 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 104 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.06.002 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 491QG UT WOS:000269593600007 ER PT J AU Singh, S Simmons, BA Vogel, KP AF Singh, Seema Simmons, Blake A. Vogel, Kenneth P. TI Visualization of Biomass Solubilization and Cellulose Regeneration During Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Switchgrass SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE biofuels; biomass; ionic liquids; pretreatment ID DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; CORN STOVER; 1-N-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE; LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS; REED CANARYGRASS; LIGNIN; DISSOLUTION; BIOFUELS; WOOD AB Auto-fluorescent mapping of plant cell, walls was used to visualize cellulose and lignin in pristine switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) steins to determine the mechanisms of biomass dissolution during ionic liquid pretreatment. The addition of ground switchgrass to the ionic liquid 1-n-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate resulted in the disruption and solubilization of the plant cell wall at mild temperatures. Swelling of the plant cell wall, attributed to disruption of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding between cellulose fibrils and lignin, followed by complete dissolution of biomass, was observed without using imaging techniques that require staining, embedding, and processing of biomass. Subsequent cellulose regeneration via the addition of an anti-solvent, such as water, was observed in situ and provided direct evidence of significant rejection of lignin from the recovered polysaccharides. This observation was confirmed by chemical analysis of the regenerated cellulose. In comparison to untreated biomass, ionic liquid pretreated biomass produces cellulose that is efficiently hydrolyzed with commercial cellulase cocktail with high sugar yields over a relatively short time interval. C1 [Singh, Seema; Simmons, Blake A.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Emeryville, CA USA. [Singh, Seema; Simmons, Blake A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biomass Sci & Convers Technol Dept, Livermore, CA USA. [Vogel, Kenneth P.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Simmons, BA (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Emeryville, CA USA. EM basimmo@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was part of the DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbei.org) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 42 TC 209 Z9 213 U1 13 U2 125 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 104 IS 1 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1002/bit.22386 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 485BZ UT WOS:000269096800008 PM 19489027 ER PT J AU Mahler, GJ Esch, MB Glahn, RP Shuler, ML AF Mahler, Gretchen J. Esch, Mandy B. Glahn, Raymond P. Shuler, Michael L. TI Characterization of a Gastrointestinal Tract Microscale Cell Culture Analog Used to Predict Drug Toxicity SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cell culture analog; GI tract; acetaminophen; toxicity; drug testing; in vitro ID EPITHELIAL CACO-2 CELLS; MUCUS GEL LAYER; IN-VIVO; METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; COCULTURE SYSTEM; ACETAMINOPHEN; TRANSPORT; MODEL; HUMANS; VITRO AB The lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the largest surface exposed to the external environment in the human body. One of the main functions of the small intestine is absorption, and intestinal absorption is a route used by essential nutrients, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals to enter the systemic circulation. Understanding the effects of digestion on a drug or chemical, how compounds interact with and are absorbed through the small intestinal epithelium, and how these compounds affect the rest of the body is critical for toxicological evaluation. Our goal is to create physiologically realistic in vitro models of the human GI tract that provide rapid, inexpensive, and accurate predictions of the body's response. to orally delivered drugs and chemicals. Our group has developed an in vitro microscale cell culture analog (mu CCA) of the GI tract that includes digestion, a mucus layer, and physiologically realistic cell populations. The GI tract mu CCA, coupled with a multi-chamber silicon mu CCA representing the systemic circulation, is described and challenged with acetaminophen. Proof of concept experiments showed that acetaminophen passes through and is metabolized by the in vitro intestinal epithelium and is further metabolized by liver cells, resulting in liver cell toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The mu CCA response is also consistent with in vivo measurements in mice. The system should be broadly useful for studies on orally delivered drugs or ingestion of chemicals with potential toxicity. C1 [Esch, Mandy B.; Shuler, Michael L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mahler, Gretchen J.] Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, Raymond P.] USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Shuler, ML (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, 115 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mls50@cornell.edu FU Nanobiotechnology Center (NBTC); National Science Foundation [ECS-9876771]; New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research (NYSTAR) program; Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX Financial Support for this work was provided by the Nanobiotechnology Center (NBTC), an STC Program of the National Science Foundation, under Agreement No. ECS-9876771; the New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research (NYSTAR) program through a grant to MLS as a NYSTAR Distinguished Professor; the Army Corps of Engineers under Agreement ID W19132T-07-2-0010; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture via the collaboration with RPG. This work was performed in part at the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant ECS-0335765). The HT29-MTX cell line was kindly contributed by Dr. Thecla Lesuffleur of INSERM U560 in Lille, France. NR 52 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 104 IS 1 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1002/bit.22366 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 485BZ UT WOS:000269096800019 PM 19418562 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE AF Lugo, Ariel E. TI The Emerging Era of Novel Tropical Forests SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE homogeocene; introduced species; invasive species; novel forests; secondary forests; tropical forests; tropical succession ID ECOSYSTEMS AB In 1966 Eugene P. Odum delivered a speech before the Ecological Society of America that transformed the way ecologists looked at succession. His comparison of mature and successional systems lead ecologists to place secondary forests in an inferior position relative to mature ones to the point that today, prominent tropical biologists argue for and against the conservation value of secondary forests. Nevertheless, we live in the era of secondary forests that is rapidly giving way to a new era of novel tropical forests. Research in Puerto Rico documents the emergence of novel forests, which are different in terms of species composition, dominance, and relative importance of species from forests that were present before the island was deforested. These novel forests emerged without assistance. They are a natural response to the new environmental conditions created by human activity. Natural processes have remixed or reassembled native and introduced plant and animal species into novel communities adapted to anthropogenic environmental conditions. Novel forests are expected to protect soils, cycle nutrients, support wildlife, store carbon, maintain watershed functions, and mitigate species extinctions. The dawn of the age of tropical novel forests is upon us and must not be ignored. C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, 1201 Ceiba St Jardin Bot Rio Piedras, Rio Piedras, PR USA. EM alugo@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD SEP PY 2009 VL 41 IS 5 BP 589 EP 591 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00550.x PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492YZ UT WOS:000269700500011 ER PT J AU Nakasone, KK Hibbett, DS Goranova, G AF Nakasone, Karen K. Hibbett, David S. Goranova, Greta TI Neocampanella, a new corticioid fungal genus, and a note on Dendrothele bispora SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Dendrothele; dendrohyphidia; Marasmiaceae; sterile white basidiomycete; Tetrapyrgos ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; EUAGARICS CLADE; MAJOR CLADES; TAXA; APHYLLOPHORALES; BASIDIOMYCOTINA; REGION AB The new genus Neocampanella (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) is established for Dentocorticium blastanos Boidin & Gilles, a crustose species, and the new combination, Neocampanella blastanos, is proposed. Morphological and molecular studies support the recognition of the new genus and its close ties to Campanella, a pleurotoid agaric. The recently described Brunneocorticium is a monotypic, corticioid genus closely related to Campanella also. Brunneocorticium pyriforme S.H. Wu is conspecific with Dendrothele bispora Burds. & Nakasone, and the new combination, Brunneocorticium bisporum, is proposed. C1 [Nakasone, Karen K.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Madison Field Unit, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Hibbett, David S.; Goranova, Greta] Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Nakasone, KK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Madison Field Unit, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM knakasone@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD SEP PY 2009 VL 87 IS 9 BP 875 EP 882 DI 10.1139/B09-046 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 505WY UT WOS:000270733200008 ER PT J AU Torres, JB Boyd, DW AF Torres, Jorge Braz Boyd, David W. TI Zoophytophagy in Predatory Hemiptera SO BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Feeding behavior; salivary glands; phytophagy; zoophagy; biological control ID PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS HETEROPTERA; INSECT DIGESTIVE ENZYMES; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; SALIVARY-GLANDS; PERILLUS-BIOCULATUS; FEEDING ADAPTATIONS; STYLET MORPHOLOGY; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS; LYGUS-HESPERUS; PLANT BUG AB Predaceous hemipteran feeding on different trophic levels have raised questions about their ecology and role in biological control. Therefore, specific adaptations allowing them to simultaneously use plants and animals as sources for their nutritional requirements are important. Enzymatic variability, in predatory hemipterans has been suggested as the basic adaptation for convergent or divergent to omnivory. Thus, the salivary enzymatic complexes of predatory hemipterans have been furnished a partial understanding of the mechanisms permitting switching between plant and animal food sources. In this study, a discriminatory analysis was performed to attribute trophic habits to each insect investigated based on the presence and absence of salivary enzyme combinations. Although peptidase is found in all tested predatory hemipterans' salivary glands, it is not a distinguishing enzyme because it has been found in phytophagous species as well. However, the presence of peptidase and amylase activity in hemipteran salivary glands is considered to be an explanation for these insects' ability to switch their diet, predators feeding on plants (amylase) and herbivores taking prey (peptidase). C1 [Torres, Jorge Braz] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Agron, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Boyd, David W.] USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Torres, JB (reprint author), Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Agron, Av Dom Manoel Medeiros, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM jtorres@depa.ufrpe.br RI Torres, Jorge/M-8599-2013 OI Torres, Jorge/0000-0002-0717-6493 NR 62 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU INST TECNOLOGIA PARANA PI CURITIBA-PARANA PA RUA PROF ALGACYR MUNHOZ MADER 3775-CIC, 81350-010 CURITIBA-PARANA, BRAZIL SN 1516-8913 EI 1678-4324 J9 BRAZ ARCH BIOL TECHN JI Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1199 EP 1208 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 528ZR UT WOS:000272486000018 ER PT J AU French, FE Whitcomb, RF Williamson, DL Regassa, LB AF French, Frank E. Whitcomb, Robert F. Williamson, David L. Regassa, Laura B. TI RAPID POLYVALENT SCREENING FOR LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENTAL SPIROPLASMA SURVEYS SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spiroplasma; mollicutes; serology; deformation test ID GENUS SPIROPLASMA; CLASS MOLLICUTES; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; TABANIDAE AB Surface serology is an important determinant in Spiroplasma systematics. Reciprocal antigen/antibody reactions between spiroplasmas and individual antisera delineate the 38 described groups and species. However, reciprocal serology is impractical for large-scale studies. This report describes a successful, streamlined polyvalent screening approach used to examine isolates from an environmental survey. C1 [French, Frank E.; Regassa, Laura B.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [French, Frank E.; Regassa, Laura B.] Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Whitcomb, Robert F.] USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Williamson, David L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Regassa, LB (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, POB 8042, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM lregassa@georgiasouthern.edu FU Georgia Southern University Faculty Research Committee; National Geographic Society [6183-98]; United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Research; Insect Pathology Laboratory; Beltsville, Maryland U. S. A [583K47-0-007]; United States Department of Agriculture [98-35204-7019]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0481430] FX We gratefully acknowledge the laboratory support of James H. Oliver, C alloway Professor, and C raig Banks, Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia U. S. A. We appreciate the support and guidance of Joseph G. Tully, Mycoplasma Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Frederick, Maryland, U. S. A. This work was supported by the Georgia Southern University Faculty Research Committee; the National Geographic Society (6183-98, PI: French); a United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Research Grant, Insect Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland U. S. A., Agreement No. 583K47-0-007 ( PI: French); the United States Department of Agriculture (98-35204-7019, PI: Regassa); and the National Science Foundation (DEB-0481430, PI: Regassa). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC BRASILEIRA MICROBIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA AV PROF LINEU PRESTES,1374, 05508 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 1517-8382 J9 BRAZ J MICROBIOL JI Braz. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 40 IS 3 BP 663 EP 669 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 485KQ UT WOS:000269120400031 PM 24031412 ER PT J AU Chiu, CJ Klein, R Milton, RC Gensler, G Taylor, A AF Chiu, C-J Klein, R. Milton, R. C. Gensler, G. Taylor, A. TI Does eating particular diets alter the risk of age-related macular degeneration in users of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study supplements? SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCEMIC INDEX; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-E; ANTIOXIDANTS; CARBOHYDRATE; MACULOPATHY; ZINC; PROGRESSION AB Background: Recent information suggests that the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) supplement, enhanced intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and reducing dietary glycaemic index (dGI) are protective against advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Dietary information was collected at baseline, and fundus photograph grades were obtained during the 8-year trial period from 2924 eligible AREDS AMD trial participants. Using the eye as the unit of analysis and multifailure Cox proportional-hazards regression, the risk of AMD progression was related to dietary intake in the four arms of the trial. Results: Independent of AREDS supplementation, higher intakes of DHA (>= 64.0 vs < 26.0 mg/day) (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.57 to 0.94), EPA (>= 42.3 vs < 12.7 mg/day) (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.94), and lower dGI (dGI, < 75.2 vs >= 81.5) (HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.96) were associated with a lower risk for progression to advanced AMD. Participants consuming a lower dGI and higher DHA or EPA had the lowest risk (p value for synergistic interaction < 0.001). Only participants in the "placebo'' (p value for antagonistic interaction = 0.006) benefited from a higher DHA intake against early AMD progression (HR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.92; P(trend) = 0.01). Conclusions: The findings show an association of consuming a diet rich in DHA with a lower progression of early AMD. In addition to the AREDS supplement, a lower dGI with higher intakes of DHA and EPA was associated with a reduced progression to advanced AMD. C1 [Chiu, C-J] Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Chiu, C-J; Taylor, A.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Klein, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Milton, R. C.; Gensler, G.] EMMES Corp, AREDS Coordinating Ctr, Rockville, MD USA. RP Chiu, CJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM cj.chiu@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health [1950-5100-060-01A, R01-13250, R03-EY014183-01A2]; Johnson & Johnson Focused Giving Program; American Health Assistance Foundation FX Financial support for this project has been provided by the US Department of Agriculture under agreements, 1950-5100-060-01A (C-JC, AT) and R01-13250 and R03-EY014183-01A2 from the National Institutes of Health (AT); grants (AT) from the Johnson & Johnson Focused Giving Program and American Health Assistance Foundation, and to C-JC from the Ross Aging Initiative. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0007-1161 J9 BRIT J OPHTHALMOL JI Br. J. Ophthalmol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1241 EP 1246 DI 10.1136/bjo.2008.143412 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 498JL UT WOS:000270135500027 PM 19508997 ER PT J AU Kroger, R Lizotte, RE Moore, MT AF Kroger, Robert Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Moore, Matthew T. TI Survival, Growth, and Body Residues of Hyalella azteca (Saussure) Exposed to Fipronil Contaminated Sediments from Non-Vegetated and Vegetated Microcosms SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Thallia dealbata; Phenylpyrazole insecticide ID TOXICITY AB We assessed chronic effects of fipronil and metabolite contaminated sediments from non-vegetated and Thallia dealbata vegetated wetland microcosms on Hyalella azteca during wet and dry exposures. Mean sediment concentrations (ng g(-1)) ranged from 0.72-1.26, 0.01-0.69, 0.07-0.23, and 0.49-7.87 for fipronil, fipronil-sulfide, fipronil-sulfone, and fipronil-desulfinyl, respectively. No significant differences in animal survival or growth were observed between non-vegetated and vegetated microcosms during wet or dry exposures. Mean animal body residue concentrations (ng g(-1)) ranged from 28.4-77.6, 0-30.7, and 8.3-43.8 for fipronil, fipronil-sulfide, and fipronil-sulfone. Fipronil-desulfinyl was not detected in any animal samples. C1 [Kroger, Robert] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.; Moore, Matthew T.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kroger, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rkroger@cfr.msstate.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 83 IS 3 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1007/s00128-009-9759-8 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 459KZ UT WOS:000267102400013 PM 19424647 ER PT J AU Moir, HJ Gibbins, CN Buffington, JM Webb, JH Soulsby, C Brewer, MJ AF Moir, Hamish J. Gibbins, Christopher N. Buffington, John M. Webb, John H. Soulsby, Chris Brewer, Mark J. TI A new method to identify the fluvial regimes used by spawning salmonids SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALAR; DISCHARGE AB Basin physiography and fluvial processes structure the availability of salmonid spawning habitat in river networks. However, methods that allow us to explicitly link hydrologic and geomorphic processes to spatial patterns of spawning at scales relevant to management are limited. Here we present a method that can be used to link the abundance of spawning salmonids to fluvial processes at the mesoscale. We show that the frequency of spawning activity at individual morphological units (riffles, pools, runs) is quantitatively related to a number of fluvial parameters. Of these, bankfull excess shear stress (tau(xs)) was the best predictor of spawning frequency. Results suggest that tau(xs) can be used to represent the fluvial regimes that spawning salmon are responsive to as well as to assess the likely impacts of altered flow regimes. C1 [Moir, Hamish J.; Brewer, Mark J.] Macaulay Land Use Res Inst, BioSS Off, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. [Soulsby, Chris] Univ Aberdeen, No Rivers Inst, Dept Geog & Environm, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland. [Buffington, John M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Webb, John H.] Marine Scotland, Atlantic Salmon Trust, Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9BD, Scotland. RP Moir, HJ (reprint author), Macaulay Land Use Res Inst, BioSS Off, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland. EM h.moir@macaulay.ac.uk RI Brewer, Mark/I-7226-2013 OI Brewer, Mark/0000-0001-7559-389X FU Scottish Government Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate FX The authors thank Nikolai Friberg and Martyn Futter for their comments on the manuscript and Pat Carnegie for help with the illustrations. This work was partly funded by the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1404 EP 1408 DI 10.1139/F09-136 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494RZ UT WOS:000269834500002 ER PT J AU Trappe, MJ Cromack, K Trappe, JM Wilson, J Rasmussen, MC Castellano, MA Miller, SL AF Trappe, M. J. Cromack, K., Jr. Trappe, J. M. Wilson, J. Rasmussen, M. C. Castellano, M. A. Miller, S. L. TI Relationships of current and past anthropogenic disturbance to mycorrhizal sporocarp fruiting patterns at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOIL COMPACTION; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL ECOLOGY; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; RECREATIONAL IMPACTS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; FOREST; GROWTH; PHOSPHORUS; ABUNDANCE AB Intensive recreational use of subalpine forests can create localized areas of concentrated disturbance where vegetation is altered, soils compacted, and surface fuels depleted. Many aspects of this disturbance type have been studied, but no research has focused on the effects of recreational use on mycorrhizal fungus sporocarp production. We measured the effects of recreational land or site use on soil properties and fuel levels and related these attributes to mycorrhizal fungal sporocarp production at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. Control and disturbed sites differed significantly in soil bulk density, 15N enrichment, and fuel levels, but not in total fungal collections or species diversity at the macrosite scale. Our sampling methods were not designed to quantify the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on fungal fruiting patterns at the microsite scale, but fungal productivity was markedly reduced in the most disturbed microsites. Within the disturbed units, the paucity of fungi collected in highly disturbed microsites was offset by the abundance and diversity of mycorrhizal fungi collected in protected microsites. Many fungal species did not differ significantly in fruiting patterns or in preferences between sites or treatments at the macrosite scale, but several indicator taxa were identified. C1 [Trappe, M. J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cromack, K., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Trappe, J. M.; Castellano, M. A.] USDA, Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wilson, J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Rasmussen, M. C.] Crater Lake Natl Pk, USDI Natl Pk Serv, Crater Lake, OR 97604 USA. [Miller, S. L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Trappe, MJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM trappem@gmail.com FU National Park Service; National Science Foundation [MCB-0348689, DEB-0348689] FX We thank the National Park Service and the National Science Foundation Microbial Observatory (MCB-0348689 and DEB-0348689) for funding this project; Crater Lake National Park for permitting the research; J. Ammirati for assistance with Cortinarius identification; R. Molina and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station for providing facilities and support; T. McClean and the Nucleic Acid Exploration Facility at the University of Wyoming for Russula identification; B. Morrisette and M. Nay for soils preparation support; S. Perakis and C. Catricala for elemental analysis preparation support; D. McKay and J. Smith for use of molecular facilities; the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for elemental and isotopic analysis; M. Murray, S. Girdner, and S. Mark of CLNP for logistic support, housing, and historic information; B. Caldwell for pH measurement facilities; D. Southworth and B. McCune for ordination assistance; the Oregon State University Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing for DNA sequencing; the many volunteers who helped with data collection; and A. S. Cromack for technical editing of the paper. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1662 EP 1676 DI 10.1139/X09-073 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 494RY UT WOS:000269834400004 ER PT J AU Eskelson, BNI Temesgen, H Barrett, TM AF Eskelson, Bianca N. I. Temesgen, Hailemariam Barrett, Tara M. TI Estimating cavity tree and snag abundance using negative binomial regression models and nearest neighbor imputation methods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ZERO-INFLATED POISSON; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; OLD-GROWTH; HARDWOOD FORESTS; TIMBER HARVEST; DEAD TREES; BASAL AREA; COUNT DATA; DYNAMICS; DENSITY AB Cavity tree and snag abundance data are highly variable and contain many zero observations. We predict cavity tree and snag abundance from variables that are readily available from forest cover maps or remotely sensed data using negative binomial (NB), zero-inflated NB, and zero-altered NB (ZANB) regression models as well as nearest neighbor (NN) imputation methods. The models were developed and fit to data collected by the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the US Forest Service in Washington, Oregon, and California. For predicting cavity tree and snag abundance per stand, all three NB regression models performed better in terms of mean square prediction error than the NN imputation methods. The most similar neighbor imputation, however, outperformed the NB regression models in predicting overall cavity tree and snag abundance. C1 [Eskelson, Bianca N. I.; Temesgen, Hailemariam] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Barrett, Tara M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Eskelson, BNI (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 204 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bianca.eskelson@oregonstate.edu RI Eskelson, Bianca/P-6095-2016 OI Eskelson, Bianca/0000-0002-3398-2333 FU Pacific Northwest Research Station, United States Forest Service FX We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, Pacific Northwest Research Station, United States Forest Service. We also thank Dr. Achim Zeileis for his support with the pscl R package, Nick Crookston for his support with the yaImpute package, Dr. Mary Christman for her insights on negative binomial regression models, Dr. Vicente Monleon for his assistance in creating graphs in R, and Dr. Dan Schafer, the Associate Editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1749 EP 1765 DI 10.1139/X09-086 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 494RY UT WOS:000269834400011 ER PT J AU Zaczek, JJ Baer, SG Hartleb, JL Brendecke, WW Schoonover, JE Williard, KWJ Groninger, JW AF Zaczek, J. J. Baer, S. G. Hartleb, J. L. Brendecke, W. W. Schoonover, J. E. Williard, K. W. J. Groninger, J. W. TI Survival and Genet Growth and Development of Field-Planted Giant Cane (Arundinaria gigantea) over Time in Southern Illinois SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article CT Symposium on Thems the Brakes - The Past and Future of North American Bamboo CY APR 17, 2008 CL Spartanburg, SC SP Furman Univ, Wofford Coll, Assoc SE Biologists, So Appalachian Bot Soc ID RIPARIAN BUFFER ZONES; BAMBOO; FOREST AB The drastic loss of giant cone (Arundinaria gigantea) -dominated communities (canebrakes) in southeastern North America has spurred great interest in habitat restoration. We report on two giant cane restoration studies that investigate the effects of collection source, rhizome propagule morphological characteristics and type (greenhouse-grown containerized stock plants or bare rhizomes), site, and time on genet survival and growth. Survival over the two studies (after three and five years) differed by propagule collection source, was marginally greater when planting older containerized stock, and varied between sites. Although field survival tended to be somewhat greater for greenhouse-grown containerized stock in comparison to bare rhizomes, overall survival was similar for both stock types when accounting for mortality of planted rhizomes in the greenhouse. The number of culms, their height, and spread of the genets increased over time and differed by planting stock type in each study. At Becca's Tract, cane genet growth ranged from a mean of 1.4 +/- 0.1 culms that were 41.7 +/- 1.8 cm tall with essentially no spread after the first growing season to a mean of 80.6 +/- 7.6 culms that were 99.8 +/- 2.8 cm tall with a spread of 212.1 +/- 19.6 cm after five years. Giant cone rhizome sections initially grown in a greenhouse or planted directly in the field can be used to establish canebrokes in a framework that is operationally feasible for large-scale restoration. C1 [Zaczek, J. J.; Schoonover, J. E.; Williard, K. W. J.; Groninger, J. W.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry & Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Baer, S. G.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Baer, S. G.] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Hartleb, J. L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Puxico, MO 63960 USA. [Brendecke, W. W.] US Forest Serv, Prairie City, OR 97869 USA. RP Zaczek, JJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Forestry & Ctr Ecol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM zaczek@siu.edu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD SEP PY 2009 VL 74 IS 3 BP 286 EP 299 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 508MP UT WOS:000270935800010 ER PT J AU Laparra, JM Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Laparra, Jose Moises Glahn, Raymond P. Miller, Dennis D. TI Different responses of Fe transporters in Caco-2/HT29-MTX cocultures than in independent Caco-2 cell cultures SO CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Caco-2; HT29-MTX; Enterocytes; Iron transporters; Mucin; Iron bioavailability ID IRON BIOAVAILABILITY; NONHEME IRON; LINE CACO-2; MUCUS LAYER; ABSORPTION; MODEL; MUCIN; SYSTEM; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION AB The human intestinal epithelium is composed of several cell types, mainly enterocytes and goblet (mucin-secreting) cells. This study compares the cellular response of Fe transporters in Caco-2, HT29-MTX, and Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture models for Fe bioavailability. Caco-2 cells in vitro differentiate into enterocyte-like cells and HT29-MTX cell lineage into a mucin-secreting cellular population. Cell cultures were exposed to digests of Fe(+3), Fe(+3)/ascorbic acid, cooked fish (high-available Fe) or white beans (low-available Fe). Cell responses as shown by mRNA expression of the main Fe transporters, DMT1 and DcytB, and cell ferritin formation were monitored. In Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultures, the mucin layer lowered the pool of free Fe to diffuse towards the cell brush border membrane of enterocytes, which was accompanied of an upregulation of DMT1 mRNA expression. In contrast, cultures exposed to digests of fish or white beans showed no significant differences in the regulation of Fe transporters. (C) 2009 International Federation for Cell Biology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Laparra, Jose Moises; Miller, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, Raymond P.] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Laparra, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, 216 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mlaparra@iata.csic.es OI Laparra Llopis, Jose Moises/0000-0002-9378-2552 FU USDA Robert W. Holley Center; department of Food Science at Cornell University; Spanish Government FX This work was supported by the USDA Robert W. Holley Center and the department of Food Science at Cornell University. Dr Jose Moises Laparra was sponsored as a Fulbright Scholar and supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Government. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1065-6995 J9 CELL BIOL INT JI Cell Biol. Int. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 33 IS 9 BP 971 EP 977 DI 10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.06.001 PG 7 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 488DQ UT WOS:000269329700009 PM 19524686 ER PT J AU Bohbot, JD Dickens, JC AF Bohbot, Jonathan D. Dickens, Joseph C. TI Enantioselective Odorant Receptor in the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Chemoreception-Sciences CY APR 22-23, 2009 CL Sarasota, FL SP Assoc Chemorecept Sci C1 [Bohbot, Jonathan D.; Dickens, Joseph C.] ARS, USDA, BARC, PSI,IIBBL, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD SEP PY 2009 VL 34 IS 7 BP A51 EP A51 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 486LE UT WOS:000269196800166 ER PT J AU Pan, H Hse, CY Gambrell, R Shupe, TF AF Pan, Hui Hse, Chung-Yun Gambrell, Robert Shupe, Todd F. TI Fractionation of heavy metals in liquefied chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood sludge using a modified BCR-sequential extraction procedure SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE CCA-treated wood; Liquefaction; Metal fractionation; Sequential extraction; Metal recovery ID CCA-TREATED WOOD; 2-STEP REMEDIATION PROCESS; CHROMIUM; WASTE; SOILS; ACID; SPECIATION; LEACHABILITY; CHEMISTRY; REMOVAL AB Chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood was liquefied with polyethylene glycol/glycerin and sulfuric acid. After liquefaction, most CCA metals (98% As, 92% Cr, and 83% Cu) were removed from liquefied CCA-treated wood by precipitation with calcium hydroxide. The original CCA-treated wood and liquefied CCA-treated wood sludge were fractionated by a modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure. The purpose of the BCR-sequential extraction used in this study was to examine the availability of CCA metals in treated wood for reuse. Both As and Cr had a slightly higher concentration in the sludge sample than in original CCA-treated wood. The sequential extraction showed that As and Cr were principally existed in an oxidizable fraction (As, 67%; Cr, 88%) in original CCA-treated wood. Only 1% of both As and Cr were extracted by hot nitric acid with the last extraction step. The distribution of As and Cr changed markedly in liquefied CCA-treated wood sludge. The amount of As in the exchangeable/acid extractable fraction increased from 16% to 85% while the amount of Cr increased from 3% to 54%. Only about 3% of As was present in the oxidizable fraction. However, there was still about 34% of Cr in the same fraction. Based on these results from sequential extraction procedures, it can be concluded that the accessibilities of CCA metals increase markedly by the liquefaction-precipitation process. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pan, Hui] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Calhoun Res Stn, Calhoun, LA 71225 USA. [Hse, Chung-Yun] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Gambrell, Robert] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Pan, H (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Calhoun Res Stn, 321 Highway 80E, Calhoun, LA 71225 USA. EM hpan@agcenter.lsu.edu FU Pilot Fund, Louisiana Board of Regents; National Science Foundation FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Pilot Fund from the Louisiana Board of Regents and National Science Foundation. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 2009 VL 77 IS 2 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.037 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504IH UT WOS:000270609100008 PM 19679332 ER PT J AU Rivera, S Kershner, JL Keller, GR AF Rivera, Samuel Kershner, Jeffrey L. Keller, Gordon R. TI Testing road surface treatments to reduce erosion in forest roads in Honduras SO CIENCIA E INVESTIGACION AGRARIA LA English DT Article DE Erosion; forest roads; Honduras; road surface; soil; tropical forest AB S. Rivera, J.L. Kershner, and G.R. Keller. 2009. Testing road surface treatments to reduce erosion in forest roads in Honduras. Cien. Inv. Agr. 36(3):425-432. Using forest roads produces more erosion and sedimentation than any other forest or agricultural activity. This study evaluated soil losses from a forest road in central Honduras over two consecutive years. We divided a 400-m segment of road into 8 experimental units, each 50 m in length. Four units were treated with Best Management Practices (BMPs) and four were left untreated. The BMP treatments included reshaping the road prism, installing culverts and reshaping of road ditches, compacting 20-cm layers of the road tread, crowning the road surface (3% slope, double drainage), longitudinal sloping (less than 12%), and adding a 10-cm layer of gravel (crush size = 0.63 cm). Soil movement was measured daily during the rainy seasons. The highest soil loss occurred in the control road, around 500 m(3) km(-1) per year, while the road treated with BMP lost approximately 225 m(3)km(-1) per year. These results show that road surface erosion can be reduced up to 50% with the implementation of surface treatments. C1 [Rivera, Samuel] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kershner, Jeffrey L.] Montana State Univ, USGS, BRD, NOROCK, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Keller, Gordon R.] US Forest Serv Plumas Natl Forest, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. RP Rivera, S (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM samuel.rivera@aggiemail.usu.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture through the Foreign Agricultural Service FX We would like to thank to the sponsor of this research project: the U.S. Department of Agriculture through the Foreign Agricultural Service and the International Cooperation Scientific Exchange Program. The USFS- Fish and Ecology Unit at Utah State University provided the logistical support for this study. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA CHILE, FAC AGRONOMIA INGENIERIA FORESTAL PI SANTIAGO PA AV VICUNA MACKENNA 4860, SANTIAGO, 00000, CHILE SN 0718-1620 J9 CIENC INVESTIG AGRAR JI Cienc. Investig. Agrar. PD SEP-DEC PY 2009 VL 36 IS 3 BP 425 EP 432 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 524TH UT WOS:000272165600009 ER PT J AU Green, LR Jones, CC Sherwood, AL Garkavi, IV Cangelosi, GA Thacker, TC Palmer, MV Waters, WR Rathe, CV AF Green, Lawrence R. Jones, Cynthia C. Sherwood, Anne L. Garkavi, Inna V. Cangelosi, Gerard A. Thacker, Tyler C. Palmer, Mitchell V. Waters, W. Ray Rathe, Chris V. TI Single-Antigen Serological Testing for Bovine Tuberculosis SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; SERUM ANTIBODIES; CATTLE; INFECTION; IMMUNOASSAY; RECOGNITION; DIAGNOSIS AB Antibody responses are useful indicators of Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. Tests for such responses often use multiple M. bovis antigens as detection probes. This is recommended because responses to single antigens may be too variable for consistent diagnosis. However, the use of multiple antigens increases costs and the risk of false-positive results. As an alternative, the SeraLyte-Mbv system detects responses to a single M. bovis antigen, MPB83, by using a chemiluminescent testing platform with a high degree of analytical sensitivity. Testing with the SeraLyte-Mbv system was conducted in a blinded fashion with sera from experimentally infected and control cattle. To assess the species specificity of the single-antigen test, the sample included sera from animals infected with M. bovis (n = 27), M. kansasii (n = 4), M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n = 11), M. avium subsp. avium (n = 12), and uninfected animals (n = 15). Upon unblinding of the results, the sensitivity of the SeraLyte-Mbv system relative to the results for animals with known M. bovis infection was 89%. Consistent with the conservation of MPB83 sequences within the genus Mycobacterium, all 4 M. kansasii-infected animals tested positive with the SeraLyte-Mbv system and all 23 M. avium-infected animals tested negative. Blinded analysis of 30 serum samples collected from nine animals at various time points postinfection indicated 100% sensitivity after >= 3 months postinfection. All 15 uninfected samples in the blinded sample set tested negative with the SeraLyte-Mbv system. Unblinded analysis of sera from an additional 895 animals in 10 accredited bovine tuberculosis-free states revealed 98% specificity overall. The results support the feasibility of single-antigen testing for bovine tuberculosis with the SeraLyte-Mbv system. C1 [Green, Lawrence R.; Jones, Cynthia C.; Sherwood, Anne L.; Garkavi, Inna V.; Cangelosi, Gerard A.; Rathe, Chris V.] PriTest Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Thacker, Tyler C.; Palmer, Mitchell V.; Waters, W. Ray] Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Rathe, CV (reprint author), PriTest Inc, 2897 152nd Ave NE, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM crathe@pritest.com OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 EI 1556-679X J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1309 EP 1313 DI 10.1128/CVI.00028-09 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 491LL UT WOS:000269580200007 PM 19605596 ER PT J AU Schiller, I Vordermeier, HM Waters, WR Palmer, M Thacker, T Whelan, A Hardegger, R Marg-Haufe, B Raeber, A Oesch, B AF Schiller, Irene Vordermeier, H. Martin Waters, W. Ray Palmer, Mitchell Thacker, Tyler Whelan, Adam Hardegger, Roland Marg-Haufe, Beatrice Raeber, Alex Oesch, Bruno TI Assessment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis OmpATb as a Novel Antigen for the Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; AVIUM SUBSP-PARATUBERCULOSIS; GAMMA-INTERFERON ASSAY; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DEFINED ANTIGENS; INFECTED CATTLE; SKIN-TEST; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD AB In the search for better tools to control bovine tuberculosis, the development of diagnostic tests with improved specificity and sensitivity has a high priority. We chose to search for novel immunodiagnostic reagents. In this study, Rv0899 (outer membrane protein A of Mycobacterium tuberculosis [OmpATb]) was evaluated as a stimulation antigen in a gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) release assay to diagnose bovine tuberculosis. OmpATb induced IFN-gamma responses in cattle experimentally infected with M. bovis as early and as persistently as ESAT-6 and CFP-10, the current lead diagnostic antigens. In naturally infected cattle, OmpATb stimulated IFN-gamma production in 22 of 26 animals (85%). Importantly, OmpATb detected a portion of M. bovis-infected cattle which did not respond to ESAT-6 and CFP-10 (five of six cattle). The combined diagnostic sensitivity of OmpATb, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 for a preselected group consisting of naturally infected cattle with an overrepresentation of ESAT-6/CFP-10 nonresponders was 96% (25 of 26 animals). The specificity of OmpATb for uninfected cattle was 100% (27 cattle were tested; 12 of them gave false-positive results with tuberculins). In summary, our results indicate that OmpATb has the potential to enhance the sensitivity of previously described diagnostic tests based on ESAT-6 and CFP-10 and that the combined use of OmpATb, ESAT-6, CFP-10, and other proteins may achieve at least equal sensitivity to that obtained with purified protein derivative, but at a higher specificity. Further studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of OmpATb in combination with other proteins are ongoing. C1 [Schiller, Irene; Hardegger, Roland; Marg-Haufe, Beatrice; Raeber, Alex; Oesch, Bruno] Prionics AG, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. [Vordermeier, H. Martin; Whelan, Adam] Vet Lab Agcy, Addlestone, Surrey, England. [Waters, W. Ray; Palmer, Mitchell; Thacker, Tyler] Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Oesch, B (reprint author), Prionics AG, Wagistr 27A, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. EM bruno.oesch@prionics.com RI Whelan, Adam/C-9497-2011; Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 16 IS 9 BP 1314 EP 1321 DI 10.1128/CVI.00151-09 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 491LL UT WOS:000269580200008 PM 19587150 ER PT J AU Arango, RA AF Arango, Rachel A. TI A NEW SPECIES OF NEARCTRIC ERNOBIUS THOMSON (COLEOPTERA: PTINIDAE: ERNOBIINAE) FROM WISCONSIN SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ANOBIIDAE AB A new species of Ernobius is described from material collected at the Griffith State Nursery in Wood County, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Ernobius youngi new species is described from a single adult female bringing the number of Ernobius species known from North America north of Mexico to 31. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Arango, RA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM rarango@fs.fed.us NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 63 IS 3 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1649/1182.1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504GS UT WOS:000270604800012 ER PT J AU Proszkowiec-Weglarz, M Richards, MP Humphrey, BD Rosebrough, RW McMurtry, JP AF Proszkowiec-Weglarz, Monika Richards, Mark P. Humphrey, Brooke D. Rosebrough, Robert W. McMurtry, John P. TI AMP-activated protein kinase and carbohydrate response element binding protein: A study of two potential regulatory factors in the hepatic lipogenic program of broiler chickens SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMP-activated protein kinase; Carbohydrate response element binding protein; Liver; Lipogenesis; Gene expression; Chicken ID ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; SYNTHASE GENE-EXPRESSION; THYROID-HORMONE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; LIPID-SYNTHESIS; ENZYME GENES; X-RECEPTOR; ALPHA TRANSCRIPTION; GLUCOSE REGULATION AB This study investigated the effects of fasting and refeeding on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) mRNA, protein and activity levels; as well as the expression of lipogenic genes involved in regulating lipid synthesis in broiler chicken (Gallus gallus) liver. Fasting for 24 or 48 h produced significant declines in plasma glucose (at 24 h), insulin and thyroid hormone (T-3) levels that were accompanied by changes in mRNA expression levels of hepatic lipogenic genes. The mRNA levels of malic enzyme (ME), ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACC alpha), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) and thyroid hormone responsive Spot 14 (Spot 14) declined in response to fasting. Refeeding for 24 h increased mRNA levels for each of these genes, characterized by a significant increase ('overshoot') above fed control values. No change in mRNA expression of the two AMPK alpha subunit genes was observed in response to fasting or refeeding. In contrast, ChREBP and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) mRNA levels decreased during fasting and increased with refeeding. Phosphorylation of AMPK alpha subunits increased modestly after a 48 h fast. However, there was no corresponding change in the phosphorylation of ACC, a major downstream target of AMPK. Protein level and DNA-binding activity of ChREBP increased during fasting and declined upon refeeding as measured in whole liver tissue extracts. In general, evidence was found for coordinate transcriptional regulation of lipogenic program genes in broiler chicken liver, but specific regulatory roles for AMPK and ChREBP in that process remain to be further characterized. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Proszkowiec-Weglarz, Monika; Richards, Mark P.; Rosebrough, Robert W.; McMurtry, John P.] ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Humphrey, Brooke D.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Anim Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200,Rm 206,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Mark.Richards@ars.usda.gov NR 88 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 EI 1879-1107 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 154 IS 1 BP 68 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.05.003 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 478WZ UT WOS:000268620700010 PM 19427916 ER PT J AU Abernathy, JW Xu, DH Li, P Klesius, P Kucuktas, H Liu, ZJ AF Abernathy, Jason W. Xu, De-Hai Li, Ping Klesius, Phillip Kucuktas, Huseyin Liu, Zhanjiang TI Transcriptomic profiling of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis reveals polyadenylation of the large subunit ribosomal RNA SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE 28S; Ciliate; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Parasite; Polyadenylation; Protozoa ID MESSENGER-RNA; PARASITE ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS; POLY(A) POLYMERASE; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; QUALITY-CONTROL; HUMAN-CELLS; DEGRADATION; EUKARYOTES; SEQUENCES; COMPLEX AB Polyadenylation of eukaryotic transcripts is usually restricted to mRNA, providing transcripts with stability from degradation by nucleases. Conversely, an RNA degradation pathway can be signaled through poly (A) tailing in prokaryotic, archeal, and organellar biology. Recently polyadenylated transcripts have also been discovered in rRNA in some eukaryotes including humans and yeast. Here we report the discovery of polyadenylated rRNAs in the ciliate teleost parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, an important fish pathogen. Through large-scale analysis of ESTs, a large contig composed of the 28S rRNA with poly (A) tails was identified. Analysis using multiple sequence alignments revealed four potential polyadenylation sites including three internal regions and the 3' end of the rRNA. Further analysis using a polyadenylation test, resequencing, and gene-specific PCR using primers flanking the presumed poly (A) sites confirmed the presence of polyadenylated rRNA in this parasite. The functions of polyadenylation of rRNA in this organism are largely unknown at present, but the presence of internal polyadenylation sites, along with the presence of truncated segments of the rRNA, may suggest a role of the polyadenylation in the degradation pathway, a function typical of prokaryotes, archaea, and organelles. These results are in congruence with reports of a similar phenomenon in humans and yeast. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Abernathy, Jason W.; Li, Ping; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Aquat Genom Unit, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Abernathy, Jason W.; Li, Ping; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Aquat Genom Unit, Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Xu, De-Hai; Klesius, Phillip] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Aquat Genom Unit, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM zliu@acesag.auburn.edu OI Abernathy, Jason/0000-0001-6084-8239 FU USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory [58-6420-5-030]; USDA NRI Animal Genome Tools and Resources Program [2006-35616-16685]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-35206-15274] FX This project was supported in part by a Specific Cooperative Agreement with USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory under Contract Number 58-6420-5-030, and in part by CSREES from a grant of USDA NRI Animal Genome Tools and Resources Program (award # 2006-35616-16685). We are grateful for an equipment grant from the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2005-35206-15274 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1744-117X J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS D JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D-Genomics Proteomics PD SEP PY 2009 VL 4 IS 3 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.cbd.2009.02.004 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 481WD UT WOS:000268842200007 PM 20403762 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Lillehoj, HS Cho, SM Chun, HK Park, HJ Lim, CI Lillehoj, EP AF Lee, Sung-Hyen Lillehoj, Hyun S. Cho, Soo-Muk Chun, Hye-Kyung Park, Hong-Ju Lim, Chai-Il Lillehoj, Erik P. TI Immunostimulatory effects of oriental plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Plum; Immunostimulation; Lymphocyte; Tumor; Macrophage ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS VACCINE; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; EIMERIA-TENELLA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO; MACROPHAGES; INHIBITION AB The fruit of the plum tree (Prunus salicina Lindl.) has been used as a traditional medicinal food in humans to enhance immunity against infectious agents and to treat cancers. However, limited information exists on the mechanisms responsible for its immune enhancing properties. In this study, the immunostimulatory effects of a methanol extract of plum fruit following methanol evaporation and dissolving in PBS were assessed by in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, tumor cell cytotoxicity, and nitric oxide (NO) production. The crude methanol extract stimulated spleen lymphocyte proliferation and NO production by cultured macrophages, and inhibited the viability of tumor cells, significantly greater than media controls. Sequential gel filtration chromatographic separation of the extract on Sephadex G-25 and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration columns resulted in a more purified preparation that retained the ability to induce lymphoproliferation, tumor killing, and NO production. These results suggest that Prunus salicina contains immunostimulatory components that potentially may be useful in human and veterinary medicine. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lee, Sung-Hyen; Cho, Soo-Muk; Chun, Hye-Kyung; Park, Hong-Ju] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Natl Rural Resources Dev Inst, Suwon 441853, South Korea. [Lim, Chai-Il] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Hort Res Inst, Suwon 441706, South Korea. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 1043,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov; chunhk@rda.go.kr FU ARSUSDA and the Rural Development Administration (RDA) of South Korea; ARS. FX This project was partially supported by a Trust agreement established between ARSUSDA and the Rural Development Administration (RDA) of South Korea, and an Offshore grant from ARS. The authors thank Ms. Diane Hawkins-Cooper and Ms. Margie Nichols for their significant contribution to this research. We also thank Dr. Max Paape and Dr. Pascal Rainard for their help with the manuscript. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 32 IS 5 BP 407 EP 417 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.12.001 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 463TI UT WOS:000267454600004 PM 18262269 ER PT J AU Allen, KC Luttrell, RG AF Allen, K. C. Luttrell, R. G. TI Spatial and temporal distribution of heliothines and tarnished plant bugs across the landscape of an Arkansas farm SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; Lygus lineolaris; IPM; Historical data ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS BERLINER; LYGUS-LINEOLARIS HETEROPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST PLANTS; NOCTUIDAE; COTTON; MIRIDAE; OVIPOSITION; DISPERSAL; PROTEINS AB Farm records were used to study the temporal and spatial distribution of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), (collectively heliothines) and tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L, across a 4000 ha farm in southeastern Arkansas. The influence of the percentage of corn, Z mays L, cotton, rice, Oryza sativa L, soybean, Glycine max L, and non-crop land within a 0.4 km buffer surrounding a cotton field and populations of heliothine eggs and tarnished plant bugs in cotton were examined over a three-year period. There was a positive relationship between the area in corn, Zea mays L, within 0.4 km of cotton fields and numbers of heliothine eggs in cotton in June 2004 and 2005. Positive relationships were observed between numbers of tarnished plant bugs in cotton and the surrounding area planted to corn, while negative relationships were observed for the area planted to cotton. Cotton fields with earlier dates of first flower had greater overall populations of tarnished plant bugs. Distributions of all three pests in cotton were at least partially explained by the time of year and the type of crop within the local environment. This indicates that more detailed spatial information and historical records may have value for managing cotton insects across large farms or communities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Allen, K. C.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Luttrell, R. G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Allen, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM clint.allen@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 28 IS 9 BP 722 EP 727 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2009.04.007 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 482XH UT WOS:000268923400002 ER PT J AU Cole, CB Bowman, DT Bourland, FM Caldwell, WD Campbell, BT Fraser, DE Weaver, DB AF Cole, C. B. Bowman, D. T. Bourland, F. M. Caldwell, W. D. Campbell, B. T. Fraser, D. E. Weaver, D. B. TI Impact of Heterozygosity and Heterogeneity on Cotton Lint Yield Stability SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHENOTYPIC STABILITY; UPLAND COTTON; BARLEY POPULATIONS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; LEAF-AREA; PERFORMANCE; HETEROSIS; MIXTURES AB In the last 8 yr, Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growers in North Carolina have experienced variations in the year-to-year lint yield averages that range from a 56% increase to a 49% decrease. This variability results in wild fluctuations in income and a desire for more stable yields. Genetic structure may contribute to stability. This study was conducted to determine the impact of heterozygosity and heterogeneity on lint yield stability. Lint yield was observed in 18 environments over 3 yr among four population types that included homozygous lines grown in pure stands, homozygous lines grown in blended stands, hybrids grown in pure stands, and hybrids grown in blended stands. Comparisons were made using trait means, standard deviations, and the coefficients of variation (CVs) calculated over environments. There was no significant difference between lines grown in pure stands and blended lines with respect to yield or stability. Hybrids had a lower CV (were more stable) than homozygous lines. This stability was attributed to the hybrids and blends of hybrids out-yielding the homozygous lines and blends of homozygous lines in the low-yielding environments, but having similar yields in the high-yielding environments. These results do not support growing blends to increase stability or yield; however, growing hybrid cultivars could result in increased yields while reducing variability compared with current production practices. C1 [Cole, C. B.; Bowman, D. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Bourland, F. M.] Univ Arkansas, Keiser, AR 72351 USA. [Caldwell, W. D.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Bossier City, LA 71113 USA. [Campbell, B. T.] USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Fraser, D. E.] Delta & Pine Land Co, Hartsville, SC 29550 USA. [Weaver, D. B.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Cole, CB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, 3709 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM clay.cole@syngenta.com OI Bowman, Daryl T./0000-0001-6623-4035 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1577 EP 1585 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.08.0450 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700005 ER PT J AU Bechere, E Auld, DL Dotray, PA Gilbert, LV Kebede, H AF Bechere, Efrem Auld, Dick L. Dotray, Peter A. Gilbert, Lyndell V. Kebede, Hirut TI Imazamox Tolerance in Mutation-Derived Lines of Upland Cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; RESISTANT MUTANTS; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; MUTAGENESIS; WHEAT; SELECTION AB Induction of genes conferring herbicide resistance by mutagenesis could facilitate use of imidazolinone herbicides in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In 1997 and 1998, seeds of eight High Plains cotton cultivars were treated with 2.45% v/v ethyl methanesulfonate. The resulting M(3) and M(4) generations were sprayed with imazethapyr, and the M(5) and M(6) generations were sprayed with imazamox. Four stable M(6) to M(7) lines with tolerance to imazamox were identified in 2004. During 2005 and 2006, tolerant mutants and their nonmutated parents were treated at the four-leaf stage with topical applications of imazamox applied at five rates (0, 88,175, 350, and 700 g a.i. ha(-1)). Elevated levels of tolerance to imazamox were observed in all mutants. Imazamox did not impact fiber length. Preliminary investigation indicated that tolerance to imazamox was controlled by a partially dominant single gene. An allelism test revealed that the tolerance genes in the four mutants are either alleles in the same locus or are very tightly linked. C1 [Bechere, Efrem; Kebede, Hirut] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Auld, Dick L.] Texas Tech Univ, Plant & Soil Sci Dep, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Dotray, Peter A.; Gilbert, Lyndell V.] Texas AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Bechere, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM efrem.bechere@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated; Texas State Support Committee; International Cotton Research Center FX We would like to thank Cotton Incorporated, Texas State Support Committee, and the International Cotton Research Center for their financial Support in carrying out this research. This research was conducted at Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, where the senior author was working as a cotton breeder. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1586 EP 1592 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.09.0528 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700006 ER PT J AU So, YS Edwards, J AF So, Yoon-Sup Edwards, Jode TI A Comparison of Mixed-Model Analyses of the Iowa Crop Performance Test for Corn SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINEAR UNBIASED PREDICTION; SUBDIVIDED TARGET REGIONS; ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; TRIALS; SELECTION; VARIANCES; ERROR AB Multienvironment trials generally have highly unbalanced data structures in which a particular cultivar is only observed in a subset of all environments for which data are available. A very common approach to reporting data from such unbalanced data is to subset the data into balanced subsets and restrict comparisons within balanced subsets. Such an approach results in much information being ignored. We undertook an empirical study of 65 individual data sets from the Iowa Crop Performance Test for corn (Zea mays L.) to compare eight different mixed linear models to determine which features in the data need to be considered in developing approaches to make use of all available information. We used a model selection approach to identify the best model based on the presence or absence of heterogeneity of error variances among environments, heterogeneity of genotypic variances among environments, and heterogeneity of genotypic correlations between pairs of environments. The trait analyzed was grain yield. We found evidence of heterogeneity of error variances among locations in 58 of 65 data sets for two model selection criteria. Heterogeneity of genotypic variances and correlations between pairs of environments was found in about half of the sets we analyzed. A general recommendation for model selection cannot be made from this analysis. In general, we found that heterogeneity of variances and correlations was prominent in many data sets. Identification of the best statistical model for a particular data set may be dependent on application of a model selection approach. C1 [Edwards, Jode] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, CICGRU,Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Edwards, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, CICGRU,Dep Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jode.edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1593 EP 1601 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.09.0574 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700007 ER PT J AU Wang, F Yue, B Hu, JG Stewart, JM Zhang, JF AF Wang, Fei Yue, Bing Hu, Jinguo Stewart, J. McD Zhang, Jinfa TI A Target Region Amplified Polymorphism Marker for Fertility Restorer Gene Rf(1) and Chromosomal Localization of Rf(1) and Rf(2) in Cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; PENTATRICOPEPTIDE REPEAT PROTEIN; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; PPR MOTIF; RESTORATION; GOSSYPIUM; RICE; INHERITANCE; ENCODES; CMS-D8 AB Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a maternally inherited trait characterized as an inability to produce functional pollen, is an important biological system for economically producing hybrid seed to enhance crop yield and studying cytoplasmic and nuclear gene interactions. In cultivated tetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), male fertility in two systems CMS-D2 and CMS-D8 is restored by two restorer genes Rf(1) and Rf(2), respectively. The objectives of the present study were to identify additional molecular markers for the two restorer genes and to determine their chromosomal location in the cotton genome. Two backcross (BC1F1) populations were developed with D2 and D8 restorers containing their respective cytoplasms as female in crosses with the same Upland cotton maintainer as male and recurrent parent. One pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-based target region amplified polymorphism (TRAP) marker was developed to be tightly linked to the Rf(1) gene with a genetic distance of 0.8 cM, while three more simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (NAU2232-550/650, NAU2232-750/850, and NAU 2801-250) were identified to be closely linked to Rf(2). Using two common SSR markers, a consensus linkage group was constructed to include both Rf(1) and Rf(2) loci that were anchored in a 14.0-cM region by the two PPR gene-based markers. Based on four chromosome-anchored SSR markers, Rf(1) and Rf(2) were localized on chromosome D5 within a genetic distance of 1.4 cM, providing an incentive for further investigations of this Rf(1)/Rf(2)-containing region. C1 [Wang, Fei; Zhang, Jinfa] New Mexico State Univ, Dep Plant & Environ Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Yue, Bing; Hu, Jinguo] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Hu, Jinguo] USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Stewart, J. McD] Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environ Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Zhang, JF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dep Plant & Environ Sci, Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jinzhang@nmsu.edu FU Southwest Irrigated Cotton Growers (SWIG); New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station; Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station FX The research reported in this paper was in part funded by Southwest Irrigated Cotton Growers (SWIG), New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station, and Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1602 EP 1608 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.09.0531 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700008 ER PT J AU Rotter, D Amundsen, K Bonos, SA Meyer, WA Warnke, SE Belanger, FC AF Rotter, David Amundsen, Keenan Bonos, Stacy A. Meyer, William A. Warnke, Scott E. Belanger, Faith C. TI Molecular Genetic Linkage Map for Allotetraploid Colonial Bentgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; AGROSTIS-STOLONIFERA L.; DOLLAR SPOT RESISTANCE; CREEPING BENTGRASS; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATION; AFLP; SCLEROTINIACEAE; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE AB Interspecific hybridization is a widely used approach to improve crop species. We are pursuing the possibility of using interspecific hybridization between the turfgrass species colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) and creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L.) for the improvement of resistance to the fungal disease dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett) in creeping bentgrass. From a field evaluation of a backcross population, it appears that introgression of dollar spot resistance from colonial bentgrass to creeping bentgrass is possible. We used the backcross population to generate the first genetic linkage map for colonial bentgrass. The map length was 1156 cM and consisted of 212 amplified fragment length polymorphic markers and 110 gene-based markers. Colonial bentgrass is an allotetraploid species (2n = 4x = 28, A(1) and A(2) subgenomes). The map consisted of the expected 14 linkage groups, which could be assigned to either the A(1) or A(2) homoeologous subgenomes. Although there were dollar spot resistant individuals in the mapping population, no quantitative trait loci associated with resistance were detected. C1 [Rotter, David; Bonos, Stacy A.; Meyer, William A.; Belanger, Faith C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dep Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Rotter, David; Belanger, Faith C.] Rutgers State Univ, Biotechnol Ctr Agr & Environm, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Amundsen, Keenan; Warnke, Scott E.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Belanger, FC (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dep Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM belanger@aesop.rutgers.edu FU United States Golf Association; Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science; United States Department of Agriculture FX This research was supported with funds provided by the United States Golf Association, the Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science, and the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1609 EP 1619 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.12.0714 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700009 ER PT J AU Zeng, LH Meredith, WR AF Zeng, Linghe Meredith, William R., Jr. TI Associations among Lint Yield, Yield Components, and Fiber Properties in an Introgressed Population of Cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; UPLAND COTTON; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LINKAGE BLOCKS; BREAKUP AB Broadening the genetic base is essential for genetic improvement of lint yield and fiber quality in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). An exotic germplasm population derived from multiple crosses between G. barbadense L. and G. hirsutum was obtained from USDA-ARS at Las Cruces, NM. Experiments were designed to evaluate this germplasm for genotypic variation in lint yield and fiber quality. Two hundred germplasm lines and five cultivars were planted at two locations in 2006 and one location in 2007. Significant (P <= 0.001) genotypic variation for yield and fiber quality was identified. In path coefficient analysis, bolls per square meter had the largest direct effect on lint yield, while boll weight and lint percentage had secondary direct effects on yield. Lint yield was negatively associated with fiber quality. Lint per seed was favorably correlated with lint percentage, elongation, span lengths, and fineness. Based on stepwise analysis, 50% length, short fiber content, fineness, maturity ratio, and 2.5% length contributed to strength, in decreasing order of significance. Short fiber content was negatively correlated with fineness (r = -0.41). These results indicate that this germplasm is a useful genetic resource for genetic improvement of lint yield, fiber quality, and analysis of interrelationships between lint yield and fiber quality. C1 [Zeng, Linghe; Meredith, William R., Jr.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Unit, Delta Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zeng, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Unit, Delta Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM linghe.zeng@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1647 EP 1654 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.09.0547 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700013 ER PT J AU Gurung, S Bonman, JM Ali, S Patel, J Myrfield, M Mergoum, M Singh, PK Adhikari, TB AF Gurung, Suraj Bonman, J. Michael Ali, Shaukat Patel, Jaimin Myrfield, Mary Mergoum, Mohamed Singh, Pawan K. Adhikari, Tika B. TI New and Diverse Sources of Multiple Disease Resistance in Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; STAGONOSPORA NODORUM BLOTCH; TAN SPOT RESISTANCE; GENES CONFERRING RESISTANCE; ANALOG POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; STRIPE RUST; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; COMMON WHEAT AB Tan spot (caused by Pyrenophora triticirepentis) and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), (caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum) are destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The majority of currently grown wheat varieties are susceptible to both diseases, presumably because of high pathogenic variability occurring in these fungi or narrow genetic background for resistance in wheat varieties. Therefore, identifying new sources of tan spot and SNB resistance in wheat is imperative. A subset of 825 wheat accessions from the core collection of the National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) of the United States Department of Agriculture, National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) was evaluated for resistance to tan spot and SNB at seedling stage in a growth chamber. On the basis of disease reactions, 88 wheat accessions exhibited resistance to both diseases. Data from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) were examined for the 88 accessions to identify those that also have resistance to other key diseases and on this basis 28 accessions with multiple resistances were identified. The genetic relationship among the 88 accessions was assessed using resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) primers. Wheat accessions with similar growth habit were grouped together despite differences in country of origin. Associations between agronomic traits and host resistance indicated that winter wheat habit in the studied collection was strongly associated with both SNB and tan spot resistance. This study identified genetically diverse wheat accessions with broad-spectrum resistance that can be used in developing cultivars with high levels of resistance to multiple diseases in wheat breeding programs. C1 [Gurung, Suraj; Ali, Shaukat; Patel, Jaimin; Myrfield, Mary; Adhikari, Tika B.] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Bonman, J. Michael] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Mergoum, Mohamed] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Singh, Pawan K.] CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Adhikari, TB (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, 306 Walster Hall, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM tika.adhikari@ndsu.edu RI Mergoum, Mohamed/D-3815-2014; Patel, Jaimin/L-2752-2015 OI Patel, Jaimin/0000-0003-2934-5427 FU Agricultural Experiment Station; NDSU; Wheat Research and Promotion Council, Minnesota; North Dakota Wheat Commission; State Board of Agricultural Research and Education, North Dakota FX This work was partly supported by the Agricultural Experiment Station, NDSU, Wheat Research and Promotion Council, Minnesota, North Dakota Wheat Commission, and State Board of Agricultural Research and Education, North Dakota. Technical help rendered by Bhairaja Pandey-Chhetri during the disease evaluation is appreciated. We thank the following scientists for generating the NSGC disease-resistance accession data analyzed in this study: Don McVey, USDA-ARS retired, for stem rust data; Merle G. Eversmeyer, USDA-ARS retired, for leaf rust data; Roland F. Line, USDA-ARS retired, and Xianming Chen, USDA-ARS, for stripe rust data; David Marshall USDA-ARS for powdery mildew data; Blair J. Goates, USDA-ARS, for common bunt data. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1655 EP 1666 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.10.0633 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700014 ER PT J AU Wu, SY Pumphrey, M Bai, GH AF Wu, Shuangye Pumphrey, Michael Bai, Guihua TI Molecular Mapping of Stem-Rust-Resistance Gene Sr40 in Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; F-SP TRITICI; BREAD WHEAT; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; LEAF RUST; ADULT-PLANT; MARKERS; DISEASES; GENOMES; MAP AB Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, was historically one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum, aestivum L.) worldwide. Deployment of resistant cultivars successfully prevented rust epidemics over the past several decades. Unfortunately, race TTKS (termed Ug99) has emerged in Africa to render several stem-rust-resistance genes ineffective. Sr40, a stem-rust-resistance gene from Triticum timopheevii ssp. armeniacum, was transferred to wheat on translocation chromosome T2BL/2G#2S and provides effective levels of seedling and adult plant resistance against Ug99. Two mapping populations were developed using Ug99-resistant line RL6088 and moderately susceptible to susceptible hard winter wheat cultivars Lakin and 2174. The parents were screened with 83 simple sequence repeats (SSR) from chromosome 2B and the polymorphic markers were analyzed on F(2) populations. F(2) and F(2:3) populations were inoculated with North American stem rust race RKQQ at the seedling stage. Marker locus Xwmc344 was most closely linked to Sr40 (0.7 cM) in the RL6088/Lakin linkage map, followed by Xwmc474 and Xgwm374. Marker locus Xwmc474 was mapped similar to 2.5 cM proximal to Sr40 in the RL6088/2174 population. Xwmc474 and Xwmc661 flanked Sr40 in both populations. Markers linked to Sr40 will be useful for marker-assisted integration and pyramiding of Sr40 into elite wheat breeding lines, and reduction in the size of the T timopheevii segment harboring this gene. C1 [Wu, Shuangye; Pumphrey, Michael; Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Pumphrey, Michael; Bai, Guihua] USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dep Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Coordinated Agricultural [2006-55606-16629] FX This research is partly funded by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Coordinated Agricultural Project grant number 2006-55606-16629. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1681 EP 1686 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.11.0666 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700017 ER PT J AU Lu, YZ Curtiss, J Percy, RG Hughs, SE Yu, JW Yu, SX Zhang, JF AF Lu, Yingzhi Curtiss, Jessica Percy, R. G. Hughs, S. E. Yu, Jiwen Yu, Shuxun Zhang, Jinfa TI DNA Polymorphisms of Genes Involved in Fiber Development in a Selected Set of Cultivated Tetraploid Cotton SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; ADH LOCI; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; MARKERS AB The lack of genetic diversity within cultivated upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has hindered the construction of genomewide linkage maps and their applications in genetics and breeding. The objective of this investigation was to develop candidate gene markers for fiber quality and yield on the basis of approximately 90 genes implicated in fiber development. Polymorphisms using sequence-tagged site (STS) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers based on single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and cleaved amplified polymorphism (CAP) were evaluated among three upland and five Pima cotton (G. barbadense L.) genotypes. Of the 90 primer pairs, 75 resulted in polymerase chain reaction amplifications, including 11 that yielded polymorphic STS markers. Of the 48 primer pairs that produced polymorphic SSCP markers, 27 yielded interspecific polymorphism, while 15 yielded both inter- and intraspecific polymorphisms. Six pairs yielded only intraspecific polymorphisms. A total of 18 SNPs, including four indels, were identified in seven of the 15 fiber gene fragments on the basis of direct DNA sequencing, and the average length was 350 bp, with a mean of 1.3 SNPs per fragment. The average rate of SNPs per nucleotide was 0.34%, and 0.31% and 0.41% in coding and noncoding regions, respectively. Eight of the 15 SNPs were interspecific and 78% were nucleotide substitutions, with the four indels contributing to interspecific polymorphism. Six selected SNPs were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion. The high level of SSCP polymorphism observed within a selected set of agronomically improved lines of upland cotton suggests that the use of SSCP will greatly facilitate genomewide mapping in upland cotton. C1 [Lu, Yingzhi; Curtiss, Jessica; Zhang, Jinfa] New Mexico State Univ, Dep Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Percy, R. G.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hughs, S. E.] USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88003 USA. [Yu, Jiwen; Yu, Shuxun] China Cotton Res Inst, Anyang 455112, Henan, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, JF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dep Plant & Environm Sci, Box 30003,MSC 3Q, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jinzhang@nmsu.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture; Cotton Incorporated, Inc.; New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station FX This research was supported by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture, Cotton Incorporated, Inc., and New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station. We also thank Dr. Mary O'Connell for her critical review and constructive Suggestions of an early version of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1695 EP 1704 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.12.0693 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700019 ER PT J AU Cichy, KA Caldas, GV Snapp, SS Blair, MW AF Cichy, Karen A. Caldas, Gina V. Snapp, Sieglinde S. Blair, Matthew W. TI QTL Analysis of Seed Iron, Zinc, and Phosphorus Levels in an Andean Bean Population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONTRASTING SOIL TYPES; PHYTIC ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENETIC-VARIATION; NATURAL VARIATION; NUTRITION; FORTIFICATION; ACCUMULATION AB Iron and zinc are essential micronutrients for human health often found in insufficient quantities in the diet. Biofortification of seed crops has been undertaken to reduce micronutrient malnutrition. The objectives of this study were to identify variability for seed Fe, Zn, P, and phytic acid levels in an F(5:7) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross between AND696 and G19833, both common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Andean origin. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted with data from 2 yr and 2 P treatments with a previously described linkage map of AND696/G19833. Significant environmental and genetic variability for Fe, Zn, and P levels was identified, and Fe and Zn levels were correlated (up to r = 0.53). Quantitative trait loci for seed Fe and Zn co-localized on three linkage groups (131, 136, and B11). On B6, a QTL for Fe (R(2) = 0.36) was found at the same marker interval as a QTL for seed Zn (R(2) = 0.39), both derived from AND696. Quantitative trait loci for seed P were identified on six linkage groups and explained 17 to 55% of the total phenotypic variation depending on year and environment. C1 [Caldas, Gina V.; Blair, Matthew W.] Int Ctr Trop Agr, Biotechnol Unit, Cali, Colombia. [Cichy, Karen A.] Michigan State Univ, Dep Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Snapp, Sieglinde S.] Michigan State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Snapp, Sieglinde S.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Cichy, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 494 Plant & Soil Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM m.blair@cgiar.org; Karen.Cichy@ars.usda.gov RI Snapp, Sieglinde/D-5109-2013 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1742 EP 1750 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.10.0605 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700024 ER PT J AU Lee, JD Woolard, M Sleper, DA Smith, JR Pantalone, VR Nyinyi, CN Cardinal, A Shannon, JG AF Lee, Jeong-Dong Woolard, Melissa Sleper, David A. Smith, James R. Pantalone, Vincent R. Nyinyi, Catherine N. Cardinal, Andrea Shannon, J. Grover TI Environmental Effects on Oleic Acid in Soybean Seed Oil of Plant Introductions with Elevated Oleic Concentration SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OLEATE CONTENT; STABILITY; REGISTRATION; PERFORMANCE; MUTANT; M23 AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil with oleic acid (18:1) content >500 g kg(-1) is desirable for a broader role in food and industrial uses. Seed oil in commercially grown soybean genotypes averages about 230 g kg(-1) oleic acid. Some maturity group (MG) II to V plant introductions (PIS) have elevated oleic concentrations of 300 to 500 g kg(-1). Temperature of the growing environment during the reproductive growth stage affects oleic concentration in soybean oil. The objective of this study was to evaluate stability of oleic acid content among 15 PIS with elevated 18:1 and three checks grown in 16 environments. Oleic acid concentration of the high 18:1 checks N98-4445A and M23 ranged from 383 to 694 g kg(-1) and 428 to 572 g kg(-1) with averages of 575 g kg and 508 g kg(-1), respectively. The PIS with the highest 18:1 were MG II to III, with most lines averaging >400 g kg(-1) oleic acid concentration over 16 environments. Generally, PIS in MG II to III were less stable across environments than those in MG V. However, MG III PI 379559D ranged from 381 to 513 g kg(-1) with an average 439 g kg(-1) oleic acid concentration and was the most stable in oleic acid content of the 15 PIs studied. P1379559D was more stable than N98-4445A or M23. PI417360 and PI506852 averaged highest in 18:1 (>330 g kg(-1)) among MG V PIS studied. Combining genes from these PIS and other sources with elevated 18:1 may be useful in developing higher oleic acid soybean genotypes. C1 [Lee, Jeong-Dong; Woolard, Melissa; Shannon, J. Grover] Univ Missouri, Delta Res Ctr, Div Plant Sci, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Sleper, David A.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Smith, James R.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Pantalone, Vincent R.; Nyinyi, Catherine N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cardinal, Andrea] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shannon, JG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Delta Res Ctr, Div Plant Sci, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM shannong@missouri.edu OI Hatcher, Catherine N./0000-0002-5502-0557 FU United Soybean Board [82221] FX This research was supported by soybean check-off dollars. We thank the United Soybean Board for funding project 82221, "Development of mid-oleic, low-linolenic, low-saturated substitutes for partially hydrogenated soybean oil," that allowed (is to conduct and support this research. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1762 EP 1768 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.11.0663 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700026 ER PT J AU Paul, C Hartman, GL AF Paul, C. Hartman, G. L. TI Sources of Soybean Rust Resistance Challenged with Single-Spored Isolates of Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DETACHED LEAVES; GREENHOUSE; GERMPLASM; PARAGUAY; FIELD AB Soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd., is a potentially devastating disease that can cause significant yield losses. Resistance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm, both qualitative and quantitative, may be effective in providing at least partial control of soybean rust. A number of soybean genotypes have resistance to soybean rust, but few of these have been challenged with the recently recovered U.S. isolates. The objective of this study was to evaluate known sources of soybean rust resistance against U.S. isolates of P. pachyrhizi. Twenty-eight soybean genotypes that either contained known major-genes for resistance or had been reported as new sources of soybean rust resistance, along with two susceptible checks, were challenged with six P. pachyrhizi isolates collected in the U.S. All six isolates produced similar phenotypic reactions within each of the genotypes. Five genotypes, including the Rpp1 source and the isoline of 'Williams 82' with Rpp1, had no visible lesions. Eleven genotypes produced red-brown lesions with few uredinia, including the sources of Rpp2 and Rpp3, and the remainder had susceptible tan lesions, including the source of resistance for Rpp4. Uredinial counts from genotypes producing red-brown lesions on live and fixed leaflets showed significant variation in the number of uredinia with a genotype x isolate interaction. Uredinial counts from genotypes producing tan lesions on live and fixed leaflets showed significant variation in the number of uredinia among genotypes, but there was no genotype x isolate interaction. There were significant correlations (r = 0.8, P < 0.0001; and r = 0.4, P < 0.0001) between uredinial counts based on live and fixed leaflets within genotypes producing red-brown lesions and those producing tan lesions, respectively. C1 [Hartman, G. L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Paul, C.; Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@illinois.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 FU Soybean Board; Illinois Soybean Association FX We thank the United Soybean Board and the Illinois Soybean Association for partial support for this research, and Lawrence Boyce who assisted in Counting the uredinia in fixed tissue. We Would also like to thank Drs. Isakeit, Marois, Moore, and Mueller for sending infected samples; Drs. Bandyopadhyay, Nelson, and Wang for providing seed; and Theresa Herman and Curt Hill for their Suggestions. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1781 EP 1785 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.12.0710 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700028 ER PT J AU Murphy, LR Santra, D Kidwell, K Yan, GP Chen, XM Campbell, KG AF Murphy, Lesley R. Santra, Dipak Kidwell, Kimberlee Yan, Guiping Chen, Xianming Campbell, Kimberly Garland TI Linkage Maps of Wheat Stripe Rust Resistance Genes Yr5 and Yr15 for Use in Marker-Assisted Selection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WILD EMMER WHEAT; F-SP TRITICI; UNITED-STATES; MICROSATELLITE; DICOCCOIDES AB Stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) is a serious disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Resistance genes Yr5 and Yr15 are the only known all-stage resistance genes that defeat all stripe rust races currently found in the United States. Previously mapped markers for these genes, however, show limited polymorphism across diverse genotypes and/or map at a distance from the genes, reducing the effectiveness of marker-assisted selection. Our objective was to create new linkage maps for both genes using sequence tagged site (STS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and to evaluate closely linked markers across a diverse panel of wheat genotypes. Two recombinant inbred populations created using Avocet-Susceptible as a susceptible parent and Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta (L.) Thell. 'Album' and Triticum dicoccoides Koern. as the Yr5 and Yr15 donors, respectively, were evaluated for resistance to multiple races of stripe rust. Molecular markers that had been previously mapped to wheat chromosome 1B (Yr5) or 213 (Yr15) were mapped on the appropriate population. Markers most closely linked to each gene were evaluated against a panel of genotypes collected from active introgression programs in the United States. The Yr5 gene is flanked on the distal side by STS7/8 marker and by Xbarc349 and Xbarc167 on the proximal side, although none of these markers were diagnostic in all backgrounds. For Yr15, Xbarc8 and Xgwm413 appear to be completely linked with the gene in our population, along with resistance gene analog polymorphism marker Xwgp34. These two SSR markers also appear to be diagnostic in all backgrounds tested with one exception (Zak). We have developed linkage maps for both genes and identified several useful SSR and STS markers for introgression of Yr5 and Yr15. C1 [Murphy, Lesley R.; Chen, Xianming; Campbell, Kimberly Garland] ARS, USDA, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Santra, Dipak; Kidwell, Kimberlee] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Yan, Guiping] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Campbell, KG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kgcamp@wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS [5348-21000-023-00D, 5348-2-2-000-014-00D]; USDA-CSR EES-NRI-Wheat Coordinated Agriculture Project [CA-D*-PLS-7489-CG] FX Our thanks to J. Dubcovsky, K. Gill, and J. Johnson For generously donating their seeds for LIS to test. This research was funded by USDA-ARS in-house projects: 5348-21000-023-00D (KGC) and 5348-2-2-000-014-00D (XMC) and by the USDA-CSR EES-NRI-Wheat Coordinated Agriculture Project Grant: CA-D*-PLS-7489-CG. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 21 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1786 EP 1790 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.10.0621 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700029 ER PT J AU Jackson, CA Windes, JM Bregitzer, P Obert, D Price, W Brown, B AF Jackson, Chad A. Windes, Juliet M. Bregitzer, Phil Obert, Don Price, William Brown, Bradford TI Phosphorus Fertility Effects on the Expression of the Low Phytic Acid Barley Phenotype SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; SOIL-TEST PHOSPHORUS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SEED PHOSPHORUS; PHYTATE; REGISTRATION; GROWTH; MANURE; IDENTIFICATION; FERTILIZATION AB Low phytic acid (LPA) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars partition phosphorus (P) in seed tissue differently than conventional wild-type (WT) barley cultivars. A reduction in seed phytic acid (myoinositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexkisphosphate) is coupled with an increase in inorganic phosphorus (P(i)). The response of the LPA characteristic to phosphate fertilization has not been previously investigated; therefore the effect of phosphate fertility on barley seed yield, and concentrations of seed total P, seed P(P) and flag leaf P was investigated at four locations over two years. The LPA cultivars were hypothesized to behave similarly to WT cultivars, therefore two WT cultivars, Baronesse and Colter, were compared to one LPA cultivar, Herald (lpa1-1 mutation), and one LPA advanced breeding line, 01ID451H (mutation 640). At three locations, phosphate fertilizer (P(2)O(5)) was applied in the form of triple superphosphate (0-45-0) at rates of 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg ha(-1). Increased P fertilization was associated with increased flag leaf P concentration, but no changes were observed for other measured characteristics. At a fourth location, differential soil P fertility was provided via previously established plots varying from very low to adequate P fertility. Inadequate levels of P were associated with delayed maturity, and reductions in yield, test weight, height, and total seed P concentration. The responses of LPA and WT barleys were similar, indicating the LPA traits in barley originating from the lpa1-1 and 640 mutations are stable under a wide range of soil P fertility. C1 [Jackson, Chad A.; Windes, Juliet M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Bregitzer, Phil; Obert, Don] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Price, William] Univ Idaho, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Brown, Bradford] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Windes, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM jwindes@uidaho.edu FU Idaho Barley Commission FX Appreciation is expressed to the Idaho Barley Commission for Funding this research, to Victor Raboy for his advice and use of his laboratory, to Linda Beck for her assistance in lab work, and to Amber Moore and Christopher McIntosh for guidance and suggestions on the manuscript. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1800 EP 1806 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.10.0582 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700031 ER PT J AU Tu, C Booker, FL Burkey, KO Hu, SJ AF Tu, Cong Booker, Fitzgerald L. Burkey, Kent O. Hu, Shuijin TI Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and O-3 Differentially Alter Nitrogen Acquisition in Peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION; CO2 ENRICHMENT; SURFACE OZONE; PLANT-TISSUES; RESPONSES; GROWTH; SOIL; CROP; LEGUME; ROOTS AB Elevated atmospheric CO2 and ozone (O-3) May affect productivity of legumes in part by altering symbiotic N-2 fixation. To investigate this possibility, measurements of plant biomass, N levels and natural N-15 abundance (delta N-15) were used to examine the effects of elevated CO2 and O-3 on N acquisition in field-grown peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using open-top chambers. Seasonal 12-h daily average CO2 treatment concentrations were 376, 550, and 730 mu mol mol(-1). Carbon dioxide treatments were applied in reciprocal combinations with seasonal 12-h daily average O-3 concentrations of 21, 49, and 79 nmol mol(-1). At mid-vegetative growth, elevated CO2 significantly reduced leaf N concentrations by up to 44%, but not delta N-15 values. Elevated O-3 did not significantly affect N concentrations or delta N-15 values. At harvest, plant N concentrations were similar among treatments except for a 14% reduction in the highest-level CO2-O-3 treatment. Plant N accumulation varied in proportion with treatment effects on biomass production, which was increased with elevated CO2 when averaged over the O-3 treatments and suppressed by high-level O-3 at ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 reduced plant delta N-15 values in low- and mid-level O-3 treatments while mid- and high-level O-3 increased them at ambient CO2. The changes in delta N-15 values suggested that N-2 fixation activity was stimulated with elevated CO2 and inhibited by elevated O-3. Elevated CO2 ameliorated detrimental O-3 effects to varying extents depending on the concentrations of the two gases. These results indicated that interactions between CO2 and O-3 on plant physiology can alter N acquisition processes, with impacts on peanut productivity likely dependent in part on these changes. C1 [Booker, Fitzgerald L.; Burkey, Kent O.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Booker, Fitzgerald L.; Burkey, Kent O.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Tu, Cong; Hu, Shuijin] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Booker, FL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM fitz.booker@ars.usda.gov RI Tu, Cong/H-9750-2013 FU USDA-National Research Initiative [NRI-2000-00531]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-00-01686] FX This study was supported in part by grants from the USDA-National Research Initiative (NRI-2000-00531) and U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB-00-01686). We would like to thank A.S. Heagle (retired) and J.E. Miller (retired), USDA-ARS, For initiating appreciate the technical the main experiment. We also assistance of Robert Philbeck, Walter Pursley, Renee Tucker, Erin Silva, Jeff Barton, and Barbara Joncs, USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, in this project. Crop Science associate editor, Charles MacKown, and two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their assistance with final preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1827 EP 1836 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.10.0603 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700034 ER PT J AU Livingston, DP Tuong, TD Haigler, CH Avci, U Tallury, SP AF Livingston, D. P., III Tuong, T. D. Haigler, C. H. Avci, U. Tallury, S. P. TI Rapid Microwave Processing of Winter Cereals for Histology Allows Identification of Separate Zones of Freezing Injury in the Crown SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION; OAT AB In histological studies, microwave processing of tissue considerably shortens the time required to prepare samples for observation under light and electron microscopy. However, plant tissues from different species and different regions of the plant respond differently to microwave processing, making it impossible to use a single protocol for all plant tissue. The crown of winter cereals such as rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oats (Avena sativa L.) is the below-ground portion of the stem that overwinters. It is composed of numerous types of cells with an organizational pattern that is similar to other grasses. When we used microwave protocols that were developed for other plant tissues, winter cereal crown tissue shattered and crumbled when sectioned. This study reports a procedure developed to process winter cereal crowns for histological observations. Using this microwave protocol, samples were prepared in 1 d as compared to 2 wk using traditional protocols. This enabled many more samples to be processed and allowed us to identify four overlapping zones of response to freezing within the crown. Results of varying time, temperature, and microwave wattage during fixing, dehydrating, and embedding in paraffin are described. High quality sections from the crowns of oat, barley, wheat, and rye indicate that this procedure is valid for all winter cereals. Since crown tissue is similar across all grass species, we predict that the protocol will be useful for other grasses as well. C1 [Livingston, D. P., III] USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Haigler, C. H.; Avci, U.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Tuong, T. D.] USDA, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Tuong, T. D.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Haigler, C. H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Livingston, DP (reprint author), USDA, 840 Method Rd,Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dpl@unity.ncsu.edu RI AVCI, Utku/B-9745-2011 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1837 EP 1842 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.02.0077 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700035 ER PT J AU Gesch, RW Sharratt, BS Kim, KI AF Gesch, R. W. Sharratt, B. S. Kim, K. -I. TI Yield and Water Use Response of Cuphea to Irrigation in the Northern Corn Belt SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEED YIELD; GREAT-PLAINS; SOWING DATE; GROWTH; CROPS; OIL AB Cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. x C. lanceolata W.T. Aiton) may be prone to drought stress, yet little is known about the yield response of this new oilseed crop to irrigation. A field study was conducted in western Minnesota on a Barnes loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludolls) in 2002 and 2003 to compare yield and water use of irrigated and nonirrigated cuphea. Nonirrigated cuphea received only precipitation, while irrigated plants received supplemental watering to maintain soil water content near field capacity during the study. Crop drought stress was assessed by measuring photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, and delta C-13 (C-13/C-12 stable isotope composition). In 2002, soil water content was similar for irrigated and nonirrigated plants throughout the growing season owing to timely rains, and seed yield was similar between treatments (873 kg ha(-1)). During 2003, irrigation resulted in a 2.7-fold increase in seed yield and greater harvest index than nonirrigated plants, while water use efficiency (WUE) of seed production for both treatments was similar (2.4 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)). Drought conditions occurred in 2003; by mid-August, leaf photosynthesis and leaf water potential of nonirrigated plants were 83 and 56% less, respectively, than for irrigated cuphea. Moreover, delta C-13 measurements of seed further confirmed that nonirrigated cuphea suffered significant drought stress. Our results indicate that cuphea is drought sensitive and that regions or soils prone to water deficits will likely require supplemental irrigation to increase seed yield. C1 [Gesch, R. W.; Kim, K. -I.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Sharratt, B. S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gesch, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM russ.gesch@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX The authors wish to thank Mr. Joe Boots and Scott Larson for expert field assistance. The authors also thank Mr. John VanKempen for his assistance on the project and the USDA-ARS for providing a Teacher Internship to fund Mr. VanKempen. We also would like to acknowledge funding by Procter and Gamble for cuphea research. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1867 EP 1875 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.11.0664 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 488OR UT WOS:000269359700039 ER PT J AU Nathewet, P Yanagi, T Hummer, KE Iwatsubo, Y Sone, K AF Nathewet, Preeda Yanagi, Tomohiro Hummer, Kim E. Iwatsubo, Yoshikane Sone, Kazuyoshi TI Karyotype Analysis in Wild Diploid, Tetraploid and Hexaploid Strawberries, Fragaria (Rosaceae) SO CYTOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Chromosome; Fragaria; Karyotype; Polyploidy; Rosaceae; Wild strawberry ID VESCA HYBRIDS; CHILOENSIS; CHROMOSOMES AB The strawberry, genus fragaria (Rosaceae), has a basic chromosome of x=7, and is comprised of 20 wild species having an euploid series from diploid (2n=2x=14) through decaploid (2n=10x=70). Few karyotypes of species in this genus have been reported. The objective of this research was to determine the chromosomal morphology and karyotype analysis of wild diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Fragaria species. Somatic chromosome images of 20 genotypes of diploids, tetraploids, and hexaploids were taken at the metaphase stage of mitosis under a light microscope. Karyotype analysis was performed in 17 accessions. The phylogenetic relationships between species were constructed using cluster analysis based on karyotypic similarity. Somatic chromosome numbers of wild diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species were 2n=2x=14, 2n=4x=28 and 2n=6x=42. Chromosome morphology in wild diploid species had greater uniformity than that in the tetraploid species. Results of the cluster analysis showed that the diploid and tetraploid species reside in separate clades, with one exception. Fragaria tibetica, a tetraploid, clustered with the diploid species clade. The hexaploid, F. moschata, clustered with the tetraploid species clade. C1 [Nathewet, Preeda; Yanagi, Tomohiro] Kagawa Univ, Fac Agr, Miki, Kagawa 7610795, Japan. [Hummer, Kim E.] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Iwatsubo, Yoshikane] Toyama Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Sci, Toyama 9308555, Japan. [Sone, Kazuyoshi] Natl Agr Res Ctr Kyushu Okinawa Reg, Kurume Branch, Fukuoka 8398503, Japan. RP Nathewet, P (reprint author), Kagawa Univ, Fac Agr, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 7610795, Japan. EM pdngw@yahoo.com NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV TOKYO CYTOLOGIA PI TOKYO PA TOSHIN BLDG, HONGO 2-27-2, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0031, JAPAN SN 0011-4545 J9 CYTOLOGIA JI Cytologia PD SEP PY 2009 VL 74 IS 3 BP 355 EP 364 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 572AQ UT WOS:000275799000016 ER PT J AU Erkens, T Rohrer, GA Van Zeveren, A Peelman, LJ AF Erkens, T. Rohrer, G. A. Van Zeveren, A. Peelman, L. J. TI SNP detection in the porcine PPARGC1A promoter region and 3'UTR, and an association analysis in a Landrace-Duroc-Yorkshire population SO CZECH JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE association analysis; fat deposition; meat quality; pig; PPARGC1A; promoter region; SNP; 3'UTR ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MEAT QUALITY; GAMMA COACTIVATOR-1; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; GENE; PIGS; FAT; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE AB Meat quality is of increasing economic importance to the pork industry today, which is in contrast with the more traditional focus of pig selection for lean growth. Meat quality is however determined by many factors with a complex mutual relationship. In this regard, PPARGC1A is a very interesting candidate gene because it not only plays a crucial role in energy and fat metabolism but also has an important influence on the muscle fibre type composition. However, only little is known about the regulation of expression of this gene in the pig and its usefulness in pig selection. In order to get a better understanding of the regulation of PPARGC1A expression, 1 898 base pairs (bp) from the promoter region and the complete 3'UTR (3 826 bp) were sequenced and screened for mutations in 7 diverse pig breeds. Respectively 5 and 6 new mutations were discovered in these regions, of which several were in complete linkage disequilibrium with each other. None of the detected SNPs appeared to be located in any conserved part of the sequence when comparing different species. In an association analysis with intramuscular fat percentage, leaf fat weight or last rib backfat depth carried out in a Landrace-Duroc-Yorkshire commercial research population (n = 960), no associations were detected for the new SNPs from this study or for 2 previously described SNPs in exon 8 and 9. The results from this study provide essential information on the sequence of the promoter region and 3'UTR of porcine PPARGC1A, necessary for unravelling the complex regulation of expression and functioning of this gene in the pig. Although no association with meat quality and fat deposition parameters was found for the newly discovered SNPs in the regulatory regions, these need to be used in future studies to (further) assess their usefulness as new selection criteria for improving meat quality while maintaining the leanness of the carcass. C1 [Erkens, T.; Van Zeveren, A.; Peelman, L. J.] Univ Ghent, Dept Nutr Genet & Ethol, Fac Vet Med, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. [Rohrer, G. A.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Peelman, LJ (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Nutr Genet & Ethol, Fac Vet Med, Heidestr 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. EM luc.peelman@ugent.be NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND INFORMATION PI PRAGUE PA SLEZSKA 7, PRAGUE 120 56, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 1212-1819 J9 CZECH J ANIM SCI JI Czech J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 54 IS 9 BP 408 EP 416 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 501JC UT WOS:000270376800004 ER PT J AU Piaggio, AJ Clark, L Franklin, AB Kolokotronis, SO AF Piaggio, Antoinette J. Clark, Larry Franklin, Alan B. Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis TI Wild Bird's-eye View of Influenza Virus A(H1N1) Phylogenetic Evolution SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE Influenza virus A; H1N1; phylogeny; evolution; surveillance; zoonoses ID A VIRUSES; ORIGIN; RATES; H5 AB Wild bird fecal samples collected and characterized by the USDA as part of a national surveillance effort were sequenced to study the genetic relatedness of avian, swine, and human H1 and N1 subtypes. Our results find that the 2009 H1N1 human outbreak is closely related to swine virus, but falls into different clades in the H1 and N1 trees. Further, there is evidence of multiple viral genetic exchanges between birds and swine. Ongoing research across host species contributes to an understanding of the circulation of influenza viruses. C1 [Piaggio, Antoinette J.; Clark, Larry; Franklin, Alan B.] Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Piaggio, AJ (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Toni.J.Piaggio@aphis.usda.gov RI Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis/A-1910-2009 OI Kolokotronis, Sergios-Orestis/0000-0003-3309-8465 FU USDA/APHIS; U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX The authors thank Theodore Anderson, Susan Shriner, Heather Sullivan, and Kaci Van Dalen of the USDA/APHIS National Wildlife Research Center, and Seth Swafford and Thomas Deliberto of the USDA/APHIS National Wildlife Disease Program. AJP was supported by a USDA/APHIS Science Fellowship. SOK was supported by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.1007/s10393-009-0270-9 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 605LC UT WOS:000278348100006 PM 20458519 ER PT J AU Langendoen, EJ Shields, FD Romkens, MJM AF Langendoen, Eddy J. Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Romkens, Mathias J. M. TI The National Sedimentation Laboratory: 50 years of soil and water research in a changing agricultural environment SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE soil erosion; sediment transports; water quality; ecohydrology; ecology; watershed; conservation; computer model ID CONSERVATION PRACTICES AB The papers in this issue are based oil selected presentations made at a symposium convened to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the National Sedimentation Laboratory (NSL) of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), located in Oxford, Mississippi. The mission of the NSL is to find solutions to problems associated with soil erosion and sediment delivery front upland areas erosion and sedimentation in stream channels. the impact of sediment and other agricultural contaminants on the biological well-being of receiving surface water bodies, and the loss of nutrients and agricultural chemicals front agricultural activities on the landscape. The papers in this issue present a broad overview of current research activities by NSL scientists and their colleagues, Copyright (C) 2009 Joint Wiley & Sons. Ltd. C1 [Langendoen, Eddy J.; Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Romkens, Mathias J. M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. RP Langendoen, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1002/eco.85 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500001 ER PT J AU Bennett, SJ Rhoton, FE AF Bennett, Sean J. Rhoton, Fred E. TI Linking upstream channel instability to downstream degradation: Grenada Lake and the Skuna and Yalobusha River Basins, Mississippi SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Channel erosion; large woody debris; reservoir sedimentation; sediment chemistry; agrichemicals ID UNITED-STATES; SEDIMENT; INCISION; REHABILITATION; INSECTICIDE; LONG; USA AB Unstable fluvial systems are characterized by actively migrating knickpoints, incising channel beds, failing banks, and recruitment of large, woody debris and it Would appear that river corridors downstream of these processes would be adversely affected or impaired because of higher fluxes of sediment and other riverine products. In north-central Mississippi. the Yalobusha River is one Such system and the characteristics of two downstream locations are examined to explore this geomorphic linkage between upstream instability and downstream degradation. For the large Woody debris plug along the Yalobusha River, it is found that (1) the deposit is composed mostly of sand covered with a veneer of silt and clay, (2) agrichemicals and enriched concentrations of elements are prevalent, and (3) excessive sedimentation and wood accumulation have forced river flow entirely out-of-bank. For Grenada Lake, it is found that (1) the impounded sediment is predominantly clay, (2) agrichemicals and elements observed throughout the reservoir show no spatial variation, (3) little difference exists in the amount and quality between the sediments deposited in Skuna and Yalobusha River arms. and (4) only a small fraction of the reservoir's storage capacity has been lost because of sedimentation. While excessive sedimentation and large woody debris recruitment have had a marked affect oil stream corridor function in the area of the debris plug, the high sediment loads associated with the unstable portions of the Yalobusha River and their associated products have not been communicated to Grenada Lake. The fish consumption advisories within Grenada Lake and its tributaries due to bioaccumulated trace elements and agrichemicals, appear to be independent of the pervasive river channel instability occurring, upstream. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bennett, Sean J.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. [Rhoton, Fred E.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geog, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA. EM seanb@buffalo.edu FU Mr. Thomas L. Henast, Senior Project Manager, Demonstration Erosion Control Project, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District, MS; USDA-ARS FX We thank W. Beard, V. Campbell, C. Cooper, G. Gray, D. McChesney, C. Patrick, and R. Wells for technical assistance. Financial and programmatic support was provided by Mr. Thomas L. Henast, Senior Project Manager, Demonstration Erosion Control Project, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District, MS. and the USDA-ARS. We also thank the editor and two anonymous referees for providing many helpful suggestions for ways to improve the paper. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 SI SI BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1002/eco.57 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500002 ER PT J AU Prasad, SN Suryadevara, MR Romkens, MJM AF Prasad, S. N. Suryadevara, Madhu R. Romkens, M. J. M. TI Grain transport mechanics in shallow overland flow SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE shallow overland flow; continuum transport models; granular dispersive model; saltation; particle velocity; photonic probes ID VISCOUS-FLUID; SPHERES; WATER; COLLISION; SALTATION; MOTION; BED AB A physical model based on continuum multiphase flow is described to represent saltating transport of grains in shallow overland flows. The two-phase continuum flow of water and sediment considers coupled StVenant-type equations. The interactive cumulative effect of grains is incorporated by a dispersive stress term. The mean fluid thrust on the particle in the saltation layer of grains is expressed in terms of a slip velocity. The continuum model leads to the unexpected. but an interesting result is that particle velocity increases with the solid concentration. This increase predicts monotonic behaviour leading to overestimates of particle velocity at higher sediment concentration. To improve the predictions, grain dynamic equations, which incorporate bed collision, are analysed. The analysis leads to an improved model for predicting saltation height. Incorporation of the results in the continuum model yields a velocity-concentration relationship that is consistent with experimental observations for increasing concentration. Laboratory flume experiments explore the evaluation of various parameters from the measured particle velocities by photonic probes. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Romkens, M. J. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Prasad, S. N.; Suryadevara, Madhu R.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Romkens, MJM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM matt.romkens@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1002/eco.64 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500003 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Testa, S Cooper, CM AF Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Testa, Sam, III Cooper, Charles M. TI Nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the Yazoo River Basin, Mississippi SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; phosphorus; nonpoint source pollution; hypoxia; Yazoo River ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WATERSHEDS; POLLUTION; DELIVERY; CHANNELS; SOILS AB Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loadings to aquatic ecosystems are linked to environmental problems such as hypoxia. Presented is,in assessment of accessible data on nutrient sources, sinks and inputs to streams within the Yazoo River Basin of northern Mississippi. Spatial trends were examined by plotting the temporal mean and median concentration for each site versus contributing drainage area, and seasonal patterns were examined by comparing monthly mean and median concentrations computed across a range of sites. Mean total N values were computed for 75 sites with periods of record ranging from 3.3 to 28.6 years. The global mean (mean of site means) total N concentration for the Delta was 3.3 mg l(-1) but only 1.2 mg l(-1) for the Hills. and both were about two to four times higher than US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) criteria for each of these ecoregions. Total P data were found for 122 sites with periods of record ranging from 3.2 to 28.6 years. Delta mean N and P concentrations were inversely proportional to contributing, drainage area, while those of Hill sites were not. The Hill mean P concentration wits 0.15 m l(-1), while the mean for Delta sites was more than four times greater, 0.66 mg l(-1). These values are about four to five times the levels set as criteria by the US EPA. Delta N and P concentrations peak strongly in spring when agricultural fertilizers are applied and stream flows are highest. Concentrations of N in Hill streams do not exhibit seasonal patterns, but mean monthly P levels are correlated with mean monthly discharge. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Soils, Ltd. C1 [Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Testa, Sam, III; Cooper, Charles M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 MC Elroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM doug.shields@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 SI SI BP 270 EP 278 DI 10.1002/eco.49 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500006 ER PT J AU Pierce, SC Pezeshki, SR Larsen, D Moore, MT AF Pierce, S. C. Pezeshki, S. R. Larsen, D. Moore, M. T. TI Hydrology and species-specific effects of Bacopa monnieri and Leersia oryzoides on soil and water chemistry SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE agricultural ditches; wetland plants; phytoremediation; surface water quality; eutrophication; Leersia oryzoides; Bacopa monnieri ID DRAINAGE DITCHES; WETLAND PLANTS; ROOTS; IRON; RHIZOSPHERE; OXIDATION; NUTRIENT; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; VARIABILITY; MACROPHYTES AB In an 8-week greenhouse experiment, Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) and Leersia orvzoides (rice cutgrass) were compared for nutrient assimilation its well as soil and water chemistry under variable flooding regimes using it nutrient Solution rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Soil redox potential decreased in flooded treatments; however, mesocosms containing B. monnieri remained aerobic for much of the study, while flooded mesocosms containing L. oryzoides became moderately reduced. Soils containing L. oryzoides were higher in nitrogen. Generally, effluent concentrations of PO(4)(3-) were higher in B. monneri mesocosms. B. monnieri immobilization of N and P was significantly less in below-ground tissues than L. oryzoides. P immobilization in L. oryzoides generally increased in response to flooding, while B. monnieri showed no detectable response. Results indicated that species-specific flood responses in plant nutrient status are due to differing interactions of B. monnieri and L. oryzoides with the soil environment. Additionally, L. oryzoides demonstrated greater P uptake than B. monnieri across treatments, resulting in decreased concentrations of PO(4)(-3) in effluent. Although N was also affected by flooding and species, generalizations oil N allocation within the system are difficult to describe due to the changes in species of N in response to oxidation-reduction gradients and biotic assimilation. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Pierce, S. C.; Pezeshki, S. R.] Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Larsen, D.] Univ Memphis, Dept Earth Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Moore, M. T.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Pezeshki, SR (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM pezeshki@memphis.edu FU University of Memphis Department of Earth Sciences; University of Memphis Groundwater Institute; USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory; USDA-ARS [58-6408-6-095] FX The authors would like to thank Dr Jack Grubaugh, Lyndsay Saunders, and Michael Bailey for advice and assistance with water quality analysis and Steve Kynerd for logistic support. The authors would also like to thank the followino oraanizations for the use of equipment and facilities: University of Memphis Department of Earth Sciences, University of Memphis Groundwater Institute, and the USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory. Funding for this project was provided through a cooperative agreement, USDA-ARS, No. 58-6408-6-095. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1002/eco.54 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500007 ER PT J AU Lizotte, RE Shields, FD Knight, SS Bryant, CT AF Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Knight, Scott S. Bryant, Charles T. TI Efficiency of a modified backwater wetland in trapping a pesticide mixture SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE river floodplain; atrazine; S-metolachlor; fipronil; simulated runoff; mitigation ID DELTA OXBOW LAKES; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; MITIGATION; ATRAZINE; FIPRONIL; SEDIMENT; FATE AB The pesticide trapping efficiency of a modified backwater wetland amended with it Mixture of three pesticides, atrazine, S-metolachlor, and fipronil, using a simulated runoff event, was examined. The 700-m long, 25-m wide wetland, located along the Coldwater River in Tunica County, Mississippi, USA, was modified for hydrologic control via weirs at both ends. A pesticide mixture was amended into the wetland at the upstream weir simulating a 1-h, 1.27-cm-rainfall event from a 16 ha agricultural field. Witter samples (1 1) were collected hourly within the first 24 h and again on days 2, 5, 7, 15, 21, 28 and 56, post-injection at both ends of the wetland for pesticide analysis. Peak pesticide concentrations were observed upstream 1 h after injection. Rapid pesticide removal from upstream water occurred with 63, 51 and 61% decrease of atrazine, S-metolachlor and fipronil, respectively, by 24 h. By day 7, 79, 80 and 87% decreases from peak concentrations occurred. After day 28, all pesticide concentrations were <0.3 mu g l(-1), and after day 56, no target pesticides were detected. Downstream, atrazine occurred in trace amounts (<0.4 mu g l(-1)) within 24 h and after day 28 was not detectable. S-Metolachlor occurred once downstream on day 21 (0-249 mu g l(-1)), and fipronil was detected on days 15-56 in trace amounts (<0.05 mu g l(-1)). Results indicate that modified backwater wetlands can efficiently trap pesticides in runoff from agricultural fields during small to moderate rainfall events, mitigating impacts to receiving waters in the main river channel. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.; Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Knight, Scott S.; Bryant, Charles T.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Lizotte, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Unit, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM richard.lizotte@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1002/eco.52 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500008 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC Gillespie, RB King, KW Huang, CH AF Smiley, Peter C., Jr. Gillespie, Robert B. King, Kevin W. Huang, Chi-hua TI Management implications of the relationships between water chemistry and fishes within channelized headwater streams in the midwestern United States SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish communities; water chemistry; hydrology; headwater streams; conservation practices; Ohio; Indiana ID HABITAT; INTEGRITY; RESTORATION; MISSISSIPPI; COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; USA AB Many headwater streams in the midwestern United States were channelized for agricultural drainage. Conservation practices are implemented to reduce nutrient, pesticide, and sediment loadings within these altered streams. The impact of these practices is not well understood because their ecological impacts have not been evaluated and the relationships between water chemistry and fishes are not well understood. We evaluated relationships between water chemistry and fish communities within channelized headwater streams of Cedar Creek, Indiana, and Upper Big Walnut Creek, Ohio. Measurements of water chemistry, hydrology, and fishes have been collected from 20 sites beginning in 2005. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the relationships between water chemistry and fish communities were weak, but significant (P < 0.05). Fish communities exhibited negative relationships with ammonium and nitrate plus nitrite and positive relationships with dissolved oxygen, pH, and metolachlor. The strongest observed relationships occurred within those regression models that included a combination of nutrients, herbicides, and physicochemical variables. Multiple regression analyses also indicated that five water chemistry variables exhibited significant relationships (P < 0.05) with hydrology. Our results suggest that if water chemistry is the focus of a conservation plan, then the most effective conservation practices may be those that have a combined influence on nutrients. herbicides, and physicochemical variables. Additionally, the use of a combination of conservation practices to address physical habitat and water chemistry degradation is most likely to provide the greatest benefits for fish communities within channelized headwater streams. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Smiley, Peter C., Jr.; King, Kevin W.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. [Gillespie, Robert B.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Huang, Chi-hua] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Smiley, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH USA. EM rocky.smiley@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 294 EP 302 DI 10.1002/eco.51 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500009 ER PT J AU Smiley, PC Knight, SS Shields, FD Cooper, CM AF Smiley, Peter C., Jr. Knight, Scott S. Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Cooper, Charles M. TI Influence of gully erosion control on amphibian and reptile communities within riparian zones of channelized streams SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE gully erosion control; amphibians; reptiles; riparian habitats; channelized streams; Mississippi ID ECOLOGICAL BENEFITS; AGRICULTURAL PONDS; WATER-QUALITY; HABITATS; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; WETLANDS; QUEBEC; CANADA AB Riparian zones of streams in northwestern Mississippi have been impacted by agriculture. channelization. channel incision. and gully erosion. Riparian gully formation has resulted in the fragmentation of remnant riparian zones within agricultural watersheds. One widely used conservation practice for controlling gully erosion is the installation of drop pipes. This practice involves placing earthen darns across eroding gullies and embedding a metal standpipe within the dam to convey water from the field to stream level. Installation of this structure halls gully erosion and incidentally replaces eroding gullies with riparian habitats. Previous research evaluating gully erosion control structures have not considered the ecological impacts of these conservation practices on amphibian and reptile communities. We compared amphibian and reptile communities among riparian sites containing actively eroding gullies and four riparian habitat types created by drop pipe installation. Amphibians and reptiles were sampled from four gullies and four sites of each drop pipe-created habitat type from 1994 to 1996. Amphibian and reptile diversity and abundance were the greatest in created habitat types with mean habitat areas > 1000 m(2) and mean pool Volumes >420 m(3). Amphibian and reptile diversity and abundance within the created riparian habitats were also positively correlated with hydrology. Our results suggest that the use of drop pipes to control gully erosion is capable of creating needed riparian wetlands for amphibian and reptile communi ties. Additionally, altering the installation design will increase the ecological benefits resulting from this conservation practice. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Knight, Scott S.; Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Cooper, Charles M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM rocky.smiley@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District (COE) FX We thank C. K. Dodd Jr. for reviewina an earlier version of this manuscript and providing helpful comments. We are grateful for the contributions of personnel from the Agricultural Research Service, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg District (COE). The COE provided partial cooperative funding, and the NRCS provided landowner and site information. Special appreciation for their assistance with field work goes to C. Butts, E. Cooper, G. Crafton, K. Damon, K. Kallies, S. Martin, J. Maul, T. Randall, and J. Wigginton. J. Wig-inton also assisted with the start-up phase of this research project. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1002/eco.59 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500010 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD Starks, PJ AF Garbrecht, Jurgen D. Starks, Patrick J. TI Watershed sediment yield reduction through soil conservation in a West-Central Oklahoma watershed SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediment yield; sediment; conservation; watershed; runoff; soil erosion; water quality ID MULTIYEAR PRECIPITATION VARIATIONS; LAND-USE; RUNOFF; NUTRIENT; EROSION; TILLAGE; RESIDUE; BASINS; RATES AB Soil conservation practices on the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed in West-Central Oklahoma were limited before the 1950s. However, extensive soil conservation measures were implemented in the second half of the 20th century to protect agriculturally fertile but erosion-prone soils. Fortuitously, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected instantaneous suspended-sediment and discharge measurements on major tributaries within the watershed in 1943-1948 and again in 2004-2007, called pre- and post-conservation periods respectively. These measurements offered the opportunity to compare channel suspended-sediment yield before and after implementation of conservation practices. A separate suspended sediment-discharge rating curve was developed for the pre- and post-conservation period. Average annual suspended-sediment yield at a U.S. Geological Survey gauging station near the watershed outlet was estimated by evaluating each sediment-discharge rating curve with the 18-year long daily discharge record at that gauging station. Average annual suspended-sediment yield was estimated to be 760 [Mg/yr/km(2)] and 108 [Mg/yr/km(2)] for the pre- and post-conservation periods, respectively. The substantial reduction in suspended-sediment yield was related to land use and management changes and the wide range of conservation practices implemented in the second half of the 20th century. Even though it generally is difficult to identify impacts of upstream conservation practices oil sediment yield at the watershed outlet during the short time-span of a particular conservation project, targeted and widespread conservation efforts in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed have led, over 60 years, to a sizable and measurable reduction in watershed sediment yield. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Soils, Ltd. C1 [Garbrecht, Jurgen D.; Starks, Patrick J.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne Str, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jurgen.garbrecht@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 SI SI BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1002/eco.55 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500011 ER PT J AU Yuan, YP Bingner, RL Locke, MA AF Yuan, Yongping Bingner, Ronald L. Locke, Martin A. TI A Review of effectiveness of vegetative buffers on sediment trapping in agricultural areas SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE grass buffer strips; grass hedges; riparian buffers; runoff; sediment trapping efficiency; nonpoint source pollution ID MULTISPECIES RIPARIAN BUFFER; STIFF-GRASS HEDGES; FILTER STRIPS; WATER-QUALITY; COASTAL-PLAIN; CONCENTRATED FLOW; FOREST BUFFERS; SOIL LOSS; RUNOFF; NUTRIENT AB In recent years. there has been growing recognition of the importance of riparian buffers between agricultural fields and waterbodies. Riparian buffers play an important role in mitigating the impacts of land use activities on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. However, evaluating the effectiveness of riparian buffer systems on a watershed scale is complex, and watershed models have limited capabilities for simulating riparian buffer processes. Thus, the overall objective of this paper is to develop an understanding of riparian buffer processes towards water quality modelling/monitoring and nonpoint source pollution assessment. The paper provides a thorough review of relevant literature on the performance of vegetative buffers on sediment reduction. It was found that although sediment trapping capacities are site- and vegetation-specific, and many factors influence the sediment trapping efficiency, the width of a buffer is important in filtering agricultural runoff and wider buffers tended to trap more sediment. Sediment trapping efficiency is also affected by slope, but the overall relationship is not consistent among studies. Overall, sediment trapping efficiency did not vary by vegetation type and grass buffers and forest buffers have roughly the same sediment trapping efficiency. This analysis can be used as the basis for planning future studies on watershed scale simulation of riparian buffer systems, design of effective riparian buffers for nonpoint source pollution control or water quality restoration and design of riparian buffer monitoring programs in watersheds. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Yuan, Yongping] US EPA, ORD, NERL, ESD,Landscape Ecol Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Bingner, Ronald L.] USDA ARS, Watershed Phys Proc & Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS USA. [Locke, Martin A.] USDA ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. RP Yuan, YP (reprint author), POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM yuan.yongping@epa.gov OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 NR 57 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 10 U2 86 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 321 EP 336 DI 10.1002/eco.82 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500012 ER PT J AU Chao, XB Jia, YF Shields, FD Wang, SSY Cooper, CM AF Chao, Xiaobo Jia, Yafei Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Wang, Sam S. Y. Cooper, Charles M. TI Numerical simulation of sediment-associated water quality processes for a Mississippi delta lake SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE water quality; sediment; numerical model; adsorption-desorption; bed release ID PHOSPHATE RELEASE; OVERLYING WATER; PHOSPHORUS; RIVER; MODEL; SORPTION AB Three major sediment-associated processes were presented to describe the effects of sediment on the water quality processes, including the effect of sediment on the light intensity for the growth of phytoplankton (PHYTO), the adsorption-desorption of nutrients by sediment and the release of nutrients from the bed sediment layer. A formula was generated from field measurements to calculate the light attenuation coefficient by considering the effects of concentrations of chlorophyll and suspended sediment (SS). The concentrations of adsorbed and dissolved nutrients because of adsorption-desorption were calculated using two formulas that were derived based on the Langmuir Equation. The release rates of nutrients from the bed sediment were calculated by considering the effects of the concentration gradient across the water-sediment interface, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Model algorithms describing the adsorption and desorption of nutrients from sediment particles as well as the release of nutrients from bed sediment were tested using experimental data. These sediment-associated water quality processes were included in a three-dimensional (3D) water quality model, CCHE3D-WQ, developed by the National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering (NCCHE), to simulate the concentrations of PHYTO and nutrients in a shallow Mississippi Delta lake with special emphasis on sediment-related processes. The simulated concentration of PHYTO (as chlorophyll) and nutrients were generally in good agreement with field observations. This study shows that there are strong interactions between sediment-associated processes and water quality constituents. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Chao, Xiaobo; Jia, Yafei; Wang, Sam S. Y.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Cooper, Charles M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Chao, XB (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, Carrier Hall 102, University, MS 38677 USA. EM chao@ncche.olemiss.edu FU USDA-ARS National Sediment Laboratory (NSL); University of Mississippi FX This work is a result of research sponsored by the USDA-ARS National Sediment Laboratory (NSL) and the University of Mississippi. The water quality data were measured by NSL. The suggestions and advice provided by Dr. Ting Ting Zhu of the University of Mississippi are highly appreciated. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 350 EP 359 DI 10.1002/eco.72 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500014 ER PT J AU Langendoen, EJ Lowrance, RR Simon, A AF Langendoen, Eddy J. Lowrance, R. Richard Simon, Andrew TI Assessing the impact of riparian processes on streambank stability SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE streambank stability; river; riparian zone; subsurface flow; computer model ID RIVER RESTORATION; RESTORING RIVERS; INCISED STREAMS; SEEPAGE EROSION; VEGETATION; BANK; MODEL; EVOLUTION; SEDIMENT; CHANNELS AB The series of biennial United States (US) National Water Quality Inventory Surveys shows no reduction in the percentage of dearaded miles of streams since the early 1990s despite an exponential increase in river restoration projects to improve water quality, enhance in-stream habitat and manage the riparian zone. This may suggest that many river restoration projects fail to achieve their objectives. This is partly due to a lack Of understanding of the dynamics of the degraded riverine system and its interaction with the riparian zone. These projects could, therefore, benefit from using proven models of stream and riparian processes to guide restoration design and to evaluate indicators of ecological integrity. The US Department of Agriculture has developed two such models: the channel evolution computer model CONCEPTS and the riparian ecosystem model REMM. These models have been integrated to evaluate the impact of edge-of-field and riparian conservation measures on stream morphology and water quality. Vegetative riparian conservation measures are commonly used to stabilize failing streambanks. The shear strength of bank soils is,really affected by the degree of saturation of the soils and root reinforcement provided by riparian vegetation. The integrated model was used to study the effectiveness of woody and herbaceous riparian buffers in controlling streambank erosion of an incised stream in northern Mississippi. Comparison of model results with observations showed that pore-water pressures are accurately predicted in the upper part of the streambank, away from the groundwater table. Simulated pore-water pressures deviate from those observed lower in the streambank near the phreatic surface. These discrepancies are mainly caused by differences in the simulated location of the phreatic surface and simulated evapotranspiration in case of the woody buffer. The modelling exercise further showed that a coarse rooting system, e.g. as provided by trees, significantly reduced bank erosion rates for this deeply incised stream. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Langendoen, Eddy J.; Simon, Andrew] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Lowrance, R. Richard] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Langendoen, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM eddy.langendoen@ars.usda.gov OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 SI SI BP 360 EP 369 DI 10.1002/eco.78 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500015 ER PT J AU He, ZG Wu, WM Shields, FD AF He, Zhiguo Wu, Weiming Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. TI Numerical analysis of effects of large wood structures on channel morphology and fish habitat suitability in a Southern US sandy creek SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE large wood structures; two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; habitat suitability index; sediment transport; spatial metric; rehabilitation; erosion control; sandy creek ID DEBRIS CHARACTERISTICS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL; POOL FORMATION; DAM REMOVAL; BED STREAM; RIVER; FLOW; REHABILITATION; RESTORATION AB A depth-averaged two-dimensional model was applied to simulate the effect of large wood structures (LWS) on flow, sediment transport, bed change. and fish habitat in a deeply-incised sharp bend in the Little Topashaw Creek, North Central Mississippi. The hydrodynamic simulation showed that the flow was retarded by the large wood matrices along the outer bank and accelerated in the main channel. thus causing deposition along the outer bank and erosion in the main channel, consistent with field observations. Effects on fish habitat were quantified using two approaches. Habitat evaluations using kinetic energy and circulation metrics indicated that LWS only slightly increased the diversity of physical conditions. Weighted usable areas (WUA) for two fish species, blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). were computed using hydrodynamic simulations of three discharges before and after the LWS construction and habitat preference curves for depth and velocity. The results show that the values of WUA for both fish species were increased after LWS installation at all three discharges. Application of LWS improved the quantity and quality of fish habitats. Habitat evaluations based on computation of WUA were more sensitive to the influence of LWS than metrics based on velocity gradients. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [He, Zhiguo] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Hydraul & Ocean Engn, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [He, Zhiguo; Wu, Weiming] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Computat Hydrosci & Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP He, ZG (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Hydraul & Ocean Engn, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM hezhiguo@gmail.com RI He, Zhiguo/M-5164-2015 NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 370 EP 380 DI 10.1002/eco.60 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 515RV UT WOS:000271491500016 ER PT J AU North, M Hurteau, M Innes, J AF North, Malcolm Hurteau, Matthew Innes, James TI Fire suppression and fuels treatment effects on mixed-conifer carbon stocks and emissions SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biomass; carbon-emission costs of different fuels treatments; carbon sequestration; forest management; global warming; management and treatment of different forest fuels; Sierra Nevada (California, USA) mixed-conifer forest; Teakettle Experimental Forest (USA) ID SIERRA-NEVADA; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; WEATHERED BEDROCK; PONDEROSA PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WOODY DEBRIS; OLD-GROWTH; FOREST; CALIFORNIA; SOIL AB Depending on management, forests can be an important sink or source of carbon that if released as CO(2) could contribute to global warming. Many forests in the western United States are being treated to reduce fuels, yet the effects of these treatments on forest carbon are not well understood. We compared the immediate effects of fuels treatments on carbon stocks and releases in replicated plots before and after treatment, and against a reconstruction of active-fire stand conditions for the same forest in 1865. Total live-tree carbon was substantially lower in modern fire-suppressed conditions (and all of the treatments) than the same forest under an active-fire regime. Although fire suppression has increased stem density, current forests have fewer very large trees, reducing total live-tree carbon stocks and shifting a higher proportion of those stocks into small-diameter, fire-sensitive trees. Prescribed burning released 14.8 Mg C/ha, with pre-burn thinning increasing the average release by 70% and contributing 21.9-37.5 Mg C/ha in milling waste. Fire suppression may have incurred a double carbon penalty by reducing stocks and contributing to emissions with fuels-treatment activities or inevitable wildfire combustion. All treatments reduced fuels and increased fire resistance, but most of the gains were achieved with understory thinning, with only modest increases in the much heavier overstory thinning. We suggest modifying current treatments to focus on reducing surface fuels, actively thinning the majority of small trees, and removing only fire-sensitive species in the merchantable, intermediate size class. These changes would retain most of the current carbon-pool levels, reduce prescribed burn and potential future wildfire emissions, and favor stand development of large, fire-resistant trees that can better stabilize carbon stocks. C1 [North, Malcolm] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Hurteau, Matthew] No Arizona Univ, Natl Inst Climat Change Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Innes, James] Lolo Natl Forest, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. RP North, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM mpnorth@ucdavis.edu RI Hurteau, Matthew/D-2301-2009 OI Hurteau, Matthew/0000-0001-8457-8974 NR 58 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 7 U2 38 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1385 EP 1396 DI 10.1890/08-1173.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484VC UT WOS:000269075200002 PM 19769088 ER PT J AU Richardson, AD Braswell, BH Hollinger, DY Jenkins, JP Ollinger, SV AF Richardson, Andrew D. Braswell, Bobby H. Hollinger, David Y. Jenkins, Julian P. Ollinger, Scott V. TI Near-surface remote sensing of spatial and temporal variation in canopy phenology SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE AmeriFlux; autumn color; Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA; eddy covariance; Howland Forest, Maine, USA; phenology; RGB image analysis; spring onset; webcam ID LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; PLANT PHENOLOGY; LEAF-AREA; SEASONS; CAMERA AB There is a need to document how plant phenology is responding to global change factors, particularly warming trends. "Near-surface" remote sensing, using radiometric instruments or imaging sensors, has great potential to improve phenological monitoring because automated observations can be made at high temporal frequency. Here we build on previous work and show how inexpensive, networked digital cameras ("webcams") can be used to document spatial and temporal variation in the spring and autumn phenology of forest canopies. We use two years of imagery from a deciduous, northern hardwood site, and one year of imagery from a coniferous, boreal transition site. A quantitative signal is obtained by splitting images into separate red, green, and blue color channels and calculating the relative brightness of each channel for "regions of interest" within each image. We put the observed phenological signal in context by relating it to seasonal patterns of gross primary productivity, inferred from eddy covariance measurements of surface-atmosphere CO2 exchange. We show that spring increases, and autumn decreases, in canopy greenness can be detected in both deciduous and coniferous stands. In deciduous stands, an autumn red peak is also observed. The timing and rate of spring development and autumn senescence varies across the canopy, with greater variability in autumn than spring. Interannual variation in phenology can be detected both visually and quantitatively; delayed spring onset in 2007 compared to 2006 is related to a prolonged cold spell from day 85 to day 110. This work lays the foundation for regional-to continental-scale camera-based monitoring of phenology at network observatory sites, e. g., National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) or AmeriFlux. C1 [Richardson, Andrew D.; Braswell, Bobby H.; Jenkins, Julian P.; Ollinger, Scott V.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Richardson, AD (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Morse Hall,39 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM andrewr@solo.sr.unh.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516 FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research; Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-AI02-07ER64355]; NASA Terrestrial Carbon [CARBON/04-0120-0011]; IDS [NNG04GH75G]; USDA Forest Service's Northern Global Change; Northern Research Station FX Support for this research was provided by the Northeastern States Research Cooperative, the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research and the Terrestrial Carbon Program under Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-07ER64355, and the NASA Terrestrial Carbon (grant no. CARBON/04-0120-0011) and IDS (grant no. NNG04GH75G) programs. Research at Bartlett and Howland is supported by the USDA Forest Service's Northern Global Change program and Northern Research Station. Meteorological and radiometric data, as well as CO2 and H2O fluxes, for the both sites are available at the AmeriFlux Web site (see footnote 6) subject to AmeriFlux Fair-use policies. This is a publication of the Northeastern Regional Phenology Network (NE-RPN). NR 33 TC 161 Z9 171 U1 8 U2 86 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1417 EP 1428 DI 10.1890/08-2022.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484VC UT WOS:000269075200005 PM 19769091 ER PT J AU Long, RP Horsley, SB Hallett, RA Bailey, SW AF Long, Robert P. Horsley, Stephen B. Hallett, Richard A. Bailey, Scott W. TI Sugar maple growth in relation to nutrition and stress in the northeastern United States SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Acer saccharum; basal area increment; base cations (Ca, Mg, Mn); black cherry; foliar nutrient threshold; sugar maple ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; BASAL AREA GROWTH; ACER-SACCHARUM; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; SOIL NUTRIENTS; RED SPRUCE; TREE-RINGS; DECLINE; HEALTH; PENNSYLVANIA AB Sugar maple, Acer saccharum, decline disease is incited by multiple disturbance factors when imbalanced calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) act as predisposing stressors. Our objective in this study was to determine whether factors affecting sugar maple health also affect growth as estimated by basal area increment (BAI). We used 76 northern hardwood stands in northern Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire, USA, and found that sugar maple growth was positively related to foliar concentrations of Ca and Mg and stand level estimates of sugar maple crown health during a high stress period from 1987 to 1996. Foliar nutrient threshold values for Ca, Mg, and Mn were used to analyze long-term BAI trends from 1937 to 1996. Significant (P <= 0.05) nutrient threshold-by-time interactions indicate changing growth in relation to nutrition during this period. Healthy sugar maples sampled in the 1990s had decreased growth in the 1970s, 10-20 years in advance of the 1980s and 1990s decline episode in Pennsylvania. Even apparently healthy stands that had no defoliation, but had below-threshold amounts of Ca or Mg and above-threshold Mn (from foliage samples taken in the mid 1990s), had decreasing growth by the 1970s. Co-occurring black cherry, Prunus serotina, in a subset of the Pennsylvania and New York stands, showed opposite growth responses with greater growth in stands with below-threshold Ca and Mg compared with above-threshold stands. Sugar maple growing on sites with the highest concentrations of foliar Ca and Mg show a general increase in growth from 1937 to 1996 while other stands with lower Ca and Mg concentrations show a stable or decreasing growth trend. We conclude that acid deposition induced changes in soil nutrient status that crossed a threshold necessary to sustain sugar maple growth during the 1970s on some sites. While nutrition of these elements has not been considered in forest management decisions, our research shows species specific responses to Ca and Mg that may reduce health and growth of sugar maple or change species composition, if not addressed. C1 [Long, Robert P.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Horsley, Stephen B.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. [Hallett, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Bailey, Scott W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. RP Long, RP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM rlong@fs.fed.us OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU Northern Global Change Research Program; Northern States Research Cooperative FX We thank Brendan Buckley and associates who dated and measured the sugar maple and black cherry increment cores. We especially thank those who helped with field sample collection: Vonley Brown, Thomas J. Hall, Jen Pontius, Ernie Wiltsie, and Lance Meyen. The Northern Global Change Research Program and Northern States Research Cooperative provided funding for portions of this research, and this support is gratefully acknowledged. Insightful reviews by Ralph Boerner, Chris Eagar, Brian Palik, and Susan Stout were helpful in substantially improving and clarifying the manuscript, as was the statistical review provided by John Stanovick. NR 55 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1454 EP 1466 DI 10.1890/08-1535.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484VC UT WOS:000269075200008 PM 19769094 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Svejcar, TJ Bates, JD AF Davies, K. W. Svejcar, T. J. Bates, J. D. TI Interaction of historical and nonhistorical disturbances maintains native plant communities SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata; Bromus tectorum; cheatgrass; ecosystem management; fire; grazing; historical conditions; invasive plants; Northern Great Basin Experimental Range, Oregon, USA; prior disturbance; sagebrush ID BIG SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; REST-ROTATION MANAGEMENT; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; BROMUS-TECTORUM L; GREAT-BASIN; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; GRAZING EXCLUSION; VEGETATION CHANGE; FIRE SUPPRESSION; PRESCRIBED FIRE AB Historical disturbance regimes are often considered a critical element in maintaining native plant communities. However, the response of plant communities to disturbance may be fundamentally altered as a consequence of invasive plants, climate change, or prior disturbances. The appropriateness of historical disturbance patterns under modern conditions and the interactions among disturbances are issues that ecologists must address to protect and restore native plant communities. We evaluated the response of Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle & A. Young) S. L. Welsh plant communities to their historical disturbance regime compared to other disturbance regimes. The historical disturbance regime of these plant communities was periodic fires with minimal grazing by large herbivores. We also investigated the influence of prior disturbance (grazing) on the response of these communities to subsequent disturbance (burning). Treatments were: (1) ungrazed (livestock grazing excluded since 1936) and unburned, (2) grazed and unburned, (3) ungrazed and burned (burned in 1993), and (4) grazed and burned. The ungrazed-burned treatment emulated the historical disturbance regime. Vegetation cover, density, and biomass production were measured the 12th, 13th, and 14th year post-burning. Prior to burning the presence of Bromus tectorum L., an exotic annual grass, was minimal (<0.5% cover), and vegetation characteristics were similar between grazed and ungrazed treatments. However, litter accumulation was almost twofold greater in ungrazed than in grazed treatments. Longterm grazing exclusion followed by burning resulted in a substantial B. tectorum invasion, but burning the grazed areas did not produce an invasion. The ungrazed-burned treatment also had less perennial vegetation than other treatments. The accumulation of litter (fuel) in ungrazed treatments may have resulted in greater fire-induced mortality of perennial vegetation in ungrazed compared to grazed treatments. Our results demonstrate that prior disturbances exert a strong influence on the response of plant communities to subsequent disturbances and suggest that low-severity disturbances may be needed in some plant communities to increase their resilience to more severe disturbances. Modern deviations from historical conditions can alter ecosystem response to disturbances, thus restoring the historical disturbance regime may not be an appropriate strategy for all ecosystems. C1 [Davies, K. W.; Svejcar, T. J.; Bates, J. D.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Highway 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State University FX The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center (EOARC) is jointly funded by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State University. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA or the authors and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products. NR 59 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 52 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1536 EP 1545 DI 10.1890/09-0111.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484VC UT WOS:000269075200015 PM 19769101 ER PT J AU Martin, MA Pachepsky, YA Perfect, E Guber, A AF Angel Martin, Miguel Pachepsky, Yakov A. Perfect, Edmund Guber, Andrey TI Fractal modeling and scaling in natural systems Preface SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pachepsky, Yakov A.; Guber, Andrey] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Angel Martin, Miguel] Tech Univ Madrid, ETSI Agron, Dept Appl Math Agr Engn, Madrid, Spain. [Perfect, Edmund] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM Yakov.Pachepsky@ars.usda.gov RI Martin, Miguel Angel/I-1199-2015 OI Martin, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-9724-5869 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 219 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.07.002 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 486TT UT WOS:000269222500001 ER PT J AU Martinez, FS Caniego, J Guber, A Pachepsky, Y Reyes, M AF San Jose Martinez, F. Caniego, J. Guber, A. Pachepsky, Y. Reyes, M. TI Multifractal modeling of soil microtopography with multiple transects data SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article CT International Workshop on Scale Dependence in Soil and Hydrologic Systems (PEDOFRACT 2007) CY JUL 04-07, 2007 CL Barco de Avila, SPAIN SP Tech Univ Madrid, Fractal Applicat Grp DE Soil roughness; Microtopography; Fractals; Multifractal modeling ID TOPOGRAPHY; EARTH AB Soil complexity and environmental heterogeneity may be viewed as a consequence of deterministic chaotic dynamics and therefore highly irregular patterns with so-called multifractal behavior should be common. This approach introduces a distinct viewpoint as compared with fractal models for soil surface roughness based on fractional Brownian motion. it suggests that it would be useful to move away from the fractal geometry of sets towards the multifractal description of singular probability measures, as well as going beyond second order statistics. The goal of this study was to investigate the multifractal behavior of soil microtopography measured on transects. On rectangular 200 cm x 40 cm plots, point elevation values were obtained and soil microtopography was examined as two-dimensional probability measure. A well-defined multifractal behavior similar to multinomial measures was observed in all cases. The multinomial measures were simulated with a multifractal spectrum close to the spectra of the experimental plots to obtain the synthetic multifractals to evaluate the level of uncertainty in the estimates of the multifractal spectrum of natural roughness as a consequence of the transect rather than grid sampling. We found that the transect separation used to collect the experimental data in this work generates a realistic multifractal spectrum but it cannot precisely define its tails that correspond to asymptotic values of the singularity exponents. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [San Jose Martinez, F.; Caniego, J.] Tech Univ Madrid UPM, Sch Agron Engn, Dept Appl Math, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Guber, A.; Pachepsky, Y.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, BA, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Guber, A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Reyes, M.] Tech Univ Madrid UPM, Sch Informat, Dept Appl Math, Boadilla Del Monte 28660, Spain. RP Martinez, FS (reprint author), Tech Univ Madrid UPM, Sch Agron Engn, Dept Appl Math, Av Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM fernando.sanjose@upm.es RI Reyes, Miguel/I-1228-2015; San Jose Martinez, Fernando/H-9119-2015; OI San Jose Martinez, Fernando/0000-0002-6352-2530; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 240 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.05.002 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 486TT UT WOS:000269222500004 ER PT J AU Ibanez, JJ Arnold, RW Ahrens, RJ AF Ibanez, J. J. Arnold, R. W. Ahrens, R. J. TI The fractal mind of pedologists (soil taxonomists and soil surveyors) SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article CT International Workshop on Scale Dependence in Soil and Hydrologic Systems (PEDOFRACT 2007) CY JUL 04-07, 2007 CL Barco de Avila, SPAIN SP Tech Univ Madrid, Fractal Applicat Grp DE Soil survey practices; Soil taxonomies; Power laws; Fractals; Mental constructs; Information processing ID PEDODIVERSITY; STATISTICS; LANDSCAPES; EVOLUTION AB There has been little work in science dealing with the organizational, political and scientific layering of database structures as well as classifications and surveys of natural resources. There is disagreement among scientists whether taxonomies are invented (human-made constructs) or are discovered ("natural" structures) independent of the discipline involved. We believe it would be helpful to study the nature of taxonomies from different points of view in order to examine questions such as; are there common features in all taxonomic systems?, are the systems neutral?, and how are classifications and data collection (surveys) linked? It is generally accepted that much institutional work on soil classification systems was nationally biased, especially in terms of practical land management. Recent studies show that the USDA soil taxonomy has the same mathematical structure as some biological ones that conform to physical laws that dictate and optimize information flow in user friendly retrieval systems. In this paper we demonstrate that the multifractal nature of the USDA soil taxonomy is strongly linked with conventional soil survey practices. In fact most surveys are packed with power law distributions, such as: (i) hierarchic taxonomic level used according to the scale map; (ii) minimum polygon size fits the functions to the map scale: and (iii) boundary density-scale map relationship, among others [Beckett, P.H.T., Bie, S.W., 1978. Use of soil and land-system maps to provide soil information in Australia. CSIRO Aust. Div. Soils, Technical Pap. No. 33, pp. 1-76]. Consequently a plethora of power law examples appear in soil survey products and soil taxonomies. Because both activities are strongly linked it seems the minds of soil surveyors and soil taxonomists create similar fractal structures. Fractal objects and power laws are scale invariant mathematical constructs, and the products prepared by experts are also fractal in many aspects. This process could be the reason that maps devoid of legends and other information have a high resemblance and information content, and with independence of scales, they provide a clear fractal signature. In summary, the systems used by soil surveyors and soil taxonomists as a whole have fractal-like structures. We now believe that developing and using fractal structures are subconscious activities of the human brain reflecting both nature and our way of processing and representing information. Because the standards of many natural resource maps are similar to pedological ones, we suspect that scale-invariant information processing is intuitive to human beings and that a more rigorous formalization of survey-taxonomy architectures may help practitioners better understand their activities and constructs, and provide a way to improve them. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ibanez, J. J.] CIDE CSIC UV, Valencia 46470, Spain. [Arnold, R. W.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Ahrens, R. J.] USDA NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Ibanez, J. J.] Univ Burgos, EPS Area Edafol & Quim Agr, Burgos, Spain. RP Ibanez, JJ (reprint author), CIDE CSIC UV, Cami Marjal S-N, Valencia 46470, Spain. EM choloibanez@hotmail.com NR 39 TC 8 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.05.007 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 486TT UT WOS:000269222500010 ER PT J AU Godinez-Alvarez, H Herrick, JE Mattocks, M Toledo, D Van Zee, J AF Godinez-Alvarez, H. Herrick, J. E. Mattocks, M. Toledo, D. Van Zee, J. TI Comparison of three vegetation monitoring methods: Their relative utility for ecological assessment and monitoring SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Foliar cover; Precision; Species accumulation curves; Rangeland vegetation; Rank-order correlation; Species richness ID SAMPLING TECHNIQUES; COVER; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASSLANDS AB Vegetation cover and composition are two indicators commonly used to monitor terrestrial ecosystems. These indicators are currently quantified with a number of different methods. The interchangeability and relative benefits of different methods have been widely discussed in the literature, but there are few published comparisons that address multiple criteria across a broad range of grass- and shrub-dominated communities, while keeping sampling effort (time) approximately constant. This study compared the utility of three field sampling methods for ecological assessment and monitoring: line-point intercept, grid-point intercept, and ocular estimates. The criteria used include: (1) interchangeability of data, (2) precision, (3) cost, and (4) value of each method based on its potential to generate multiple indicators. Foliar cover by species was measured for each method in five plant communities in the Chihuahuan Desert. Line- and grid-point intercept provide similar estimates of species richness which were lower than those based on ocular estimates. There were no differences in the precision of the number of species detected. Estimates of foliar cover with line- and grid-point intercept were similar and significantly higher than those based on ocular estimates. Precision of cover estimates with line-point intercept was higher than for ocular estimates. Time requirements for the three methods were similar, despite the fact that the point-based methods included cover estimates for all canopy layers and the soil surface, while the ocular estimates included only the top canopy layer. Results suggest that point-based methods provide interchangeable data with higher precision than ocular estimates. Moreover these methods can be used to generate a much greater number of indicators that are more directly applicable to a variety of monitoring objectives, including soil erosion and wildlife habitat. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Herrick, J. E.; Mattocks, M.; Toledo, D.; Van Zee, J.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Godinez-Alvarez, H.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, FES Iztacala, UBIPRO, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu RI Toledo, David/A-9259-2010 OI Toledo, David/0000-0001-5162-4428 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0080412]; Natural Resources Conservation Service; Agricultural Research Service FX We thank Debra Peters and John Anderson for access to the LTER NPP sites. We also thank Ericha Courtright for her logistical support. This paper was written during H.G.A.'s sabbatical at USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, NMSU. Fellowship was provided by Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico, UNAM. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation award to the LTER programs at the Jornada Basin at New Mexico State University (DEB 0080412) and by a Conservation Effects Assessment Project jointly funded by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Agricultural Research Service. NR 31 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1001 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.11.011 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 426YI UT WOS:000264744100018 ER PT J AU Cohen, SB Yabsley, MJ Garrison, LE Freye, JD Dunlap, BG Dunn, JR Mead, DG Jones, TF Moncayo, AC AF Cohen, Sara B. Yabsley, Michael J. Garrison, Laurel E. Freye, James D. Dunlap, Brett G. Dunn, John R. Mead, Daniel G. Jones, Timothy F. Moncayo, Abelardo C. TI Rickettsia parkeri in Amblyomma americanum Ticks, Tennessee and Georgia, USA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; POLYMORPHISM; DISEASES; HUMANS; DNA AB To determine the geographic distribution of the newly recognized human pathogen Rickettsia parkeri, we looked for this organism in ticks from Tennessee and Georgia, USA. Using PCR and sequence analysis, we identified R. parkeri in 2 Amblyomma americanum ticks. This rickettsiosis may be underdiagnosed in the eastern United States. C1 [Cohen, Sara B.; Dunn, John R.; Jones, Timothy F.; Moncayo, Abelardo C.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37216 USA. [Yabsley, Michael J.; Mead, Daniel G.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Garrison, Laurel E.] Georgia Dept Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Freye, James D.; Dunlap, Brett G.] USDA, Madison, TN USA. RP Moncayo, AC (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, 630 Hart Ln, Nashville, TN 37216 USA. EM abelardo.moncayo@tn.gov RI Mead, Daniel/F-7501-2013 FU Association of Public Health Laboratories; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FX This research was supported by an appointment to the Emerging Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program administered by the Association of Public Health Laboratories and funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 15 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2009 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1471 EP 1473 DI 10.3201/eid1509.090330 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 490NK UT WOS:000269507500020 PM 19788817 ER PT J AU Kula, RR Lill, JT Murphy, SM Stoepler, T AF Kula, Robert R. Lill, John T. Murphy, Shannon M. Stoepler, Teresa TI FIRST HOST RECORDS FOR THE NEARCTIC SPECIES TRIRAPHIS DISCOIDEUS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE: ROGADINAE) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE American beech; black cherry; black gum; Limacodidae; Nearctic; northern red oak; parasitoid; phenology; pignut hickory; Triraphis harrisinae; white oak ID PHYLOGENY AB Limacodid larvae were collected from 2004 2007 on leaves of the following host plants in the District of Columbia and Maryland: Carya glabra, pignut hickory; Quercus alba, white oak; Quercus rubra, northern red oak; Nyssa sylvatica, black gum; Prunus serotina, black cherry; and Fagus grandifolia, American beech. Field-collected larvae were brought to the laboratory where they were kept in isolation for the purpose of rearing parasitoids. The rogadine braconid Triraphis discoideus (Cresson) was reared from the following host-host plant combinations: Acharia stimulea (Clemens), Adoneta spinuloides (Herrich-Schaffer), Lithacodes fasciola (Herrich-Schaffer), and Parasa chloris (Moore) on red oak; Euclea delphinii (Boisduval) on black gum and red oak; Isa textula (Herrich-Schaffer) on American beech, red oak, and white oak; Natada nasoni (Grote) on American beech, black gum, red oak, and white oak; Prolimacodes badia Hubner on black cherry and red oak; and an undetermined species of Tortricidia Packard on American beech. Host use was previously unknown for T. discoideus. Host use and phenology are discussed for Triraphis harrisinae (Ashmead), the only other described species of Triraphis in the Nearctic Region. C1 [Kula, Robert R.] Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lill, John T.; Murphy, Shannon M.; Stoepler, Teresa] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Robert.Kula@ars.usda.gov; lillj@gwu.edu; smurph@gwu.edu; stoepler@gwu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0823274]; George Washington University; Washington Biologists' Field Club FX We thank Michael G. Pogue (Systematic Entomology Laboratory [SEL]), F. Christian Thompson (SEL), and Scott R. Shaw (University of Wyoming-Laramie) for reviewing the manuscript. We are especially grateful to Scott Shaw for providing information on host use. Marie Metz (SEL) captured the image. Funding for field collection and larval rearing came from grants to JTL from the following organizations: National Science Foundation DEB-0823274, The George Washington University Facilitating Fund, and the Washington Biologists' Field Club. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 120 IS 4 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.3157/021.120.0406 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 596OW UT WOS:000277695600007 ER PT J AU Hofstetter, RW Moser, JC McGuire, R AF Hofstetter, Richard W. Moser, J. C. McGuire, R. TI OBSERVATIONS ON THE MITE SCHIZOSTHETUS LYRIFORMIS (ACARI: PARASITIDAE) PREYING ON BARK BEETLE EGGS AND LARVAE SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; PARASITIFORMES; SCOLYTIDAE C1 [Hofstetter, Richard W.; McGuire, R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Moser, J. C.; McGuire, R.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Hofstetter, RW (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Rich.Hofstetter@nau.edu; jmoser@fs.fed.us; Reagan.McGuire@nau.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 120 IS 4 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.3157/021.120.0408 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 596OW UT WOS:000277695600009 ER PT J AU Puente, ME Li, CY Bashan, Y AF Esther Puente, M. Li, Ching Y. Bashan, Yoav TI Rock-degrading endophytic bacteria in cacti SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus; Cactus; Cardon; Desert; Rock degradation; Nitrogen-fixation; Pachycereus; Phosphate solubilization; Rock weathering; Soil formation ID GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIUM; WEATHERING DESERT PLANTS; AZOSPIRILLUM-BRASILENSE; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; PRIMARY COLONIZATION; SULFIDE OXIDATION; FIXING BACTERIA; IGNEOUS ROCKS AB A plant-bacterium association of the cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) and endophytic bacteria promotes establishment of seedlings and growth on igneous rocks without soil. These bacteria weather several rock types and minerals, unbind significant amounts of useful minerals for plants from the rocks, fix in vitro N(2), produce volatile and non-volatile organic acids, and reduce rock particle size to form mineral soil. This study revealed the presence of large populations of culturable endophytic bacteria inside the seeds extracted from wild plants, from seeds extracted from the guano of bats feeding on cactus fruit, in seedlings growing from these seeds, in the pulp of fruit, and in small, mature wild plants, and are comparable in size to populations of endophytic populations in some agricultural crops. The dominant culturable endophytes were isolates of the genera Bacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Based on partial sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene, the isolated strains had low similarity to known strains in these genera. However, these strains have higher molecular similarity among endophytes obtained from seeds, endophytes from roots, and some bacterial strains from the rhizoplane. Seedlings developed from seeds with endophytes contain the similar species of endophytes in their shoots, possibly derived from the seeds. This study shows the involvement of endophytic bacteria in rock weathering by cacti in a hot, subtropical desert and their possible contribution to primary colonization of barren rock. This study proposes that cacti capable of acquiring diverse populations of endophytes may give them an evolutionary advantage to gain a foothold on highly uncompromising terrain. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Esther Puente, M.; Bashan, Yoav] NW Ctr Biol Res CIBNOR, Environm Microbiol Grp, La Paz 23090, Bcs, Mexico. [Li, Ching Y.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bashan, Yoav] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bashan, Y (reprint author), NW Ctr Biol Res CIBNOR, Environm Microbiol Grp, Mar Bermejo 195, La Paz 23090, Bcs, Mexico. EM bashan@cals.arizona.edu FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Mexico [50052-Z]; Pacific Northwest Research Station of the USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon, USA; Bashan Foundation of Oregon, USA FX We thank Al Soeldner (Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon) and Vladimir Lebsky, Maria del Carmen Rodriguez, and Ariel Cruz (CIBNOR) for assisting in histology, image analysis, and electron microscopy, and the following staff at CIBNOR: Baudilio Acosta and Griselda Pena Armenta for mineral analysis, Manuel Trasvinha for phosphorus analysis, and Sonia Rocha and Dolores Rondero for nitrogen analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was done as a service by the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. Yoav Bashan participated in this study in the memory of the late Avner Bashan of Israel. This work was partially supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Mexico (CONACYT, project 50052-Z), the Pacific Northwest Research Station of the USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, and the Bashan Foundation of Oregon, USA. NR 55 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 7 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 66 IS 3 BP 389 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.04.010 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 473OU UT WOS:000268217900006 ER PT J AU Puente, ME Li, CY Bashan, Y AF Esther Puente, M. Li, Ching Y. Bashan, Yoav TI Endophytic bacteria in cacti seeds can improve the development of cactus seedlings SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus; Cactus; Cardon; Desert; Rock degradation; Nitrogen fixation; Pachycereus; Phosphate solubilization; Rock weathering; Soil formation ID GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIA; WEATHERING DESERT PLANTS; AZOSPIRILLUM-BRASILENSE; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; MINE TAILINGS; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; PRIMARY COLONIZATION; COMMUNITY CHANGES; IGNEOUS ROCKS; RHIZOSPHERE AB A plant-bacterium association between the giant cardon cactus Pachycereus pringlei and endophytic bacteria help seedlings establish and grow on barren rock. This cactus, together with other desert plants, is responsible for weathering ancient lava flows in the Baja California Peninsula of Mexico. When cardon seeds are inoculated with endophytic bacteria, the seedlings grow in pulverized rock for at least a year without fertilization and without showing distress. The bacteria-plant association released significant amounts of necessary nutrients from the substrate. When endophytic bacteria were eliminated from the seeds by antibiotics, development of seedlings stopped. In complementary experiments of sterile seeds inoculated with the same endophytic bacteria, plant growth was restored. This study and the previous one show that. under extreme environmental conditions, a symbiotic relationship is present between endophytic bacteria and their cactus host. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Esther Puente, M.; Bashan, Yoav] NW Ctr Biol Res CIBNOR, Environm Microbiol Grp, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. [Li, Ching Y.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bashan, Yoav] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bashan, Y (reprint author), NW Ctr Biol Res CIBNOR, Environm Microbiol Grp, Mar Bermejo 195, La Paz 23096, Bcs, Mexico. EM bashan@cals.arizona.edu FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Mexico (CONACYT) [50052-Z]; Pacific Northwest Research Station of the USDA Forest Service in Corvallis, Oregon, USA; Bashan Foundation in Oregon, USA FX This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Mexico (CONACYT, project 50052-Z), Pacific Northwest Research Station of the USDA Forest Service in Corvallis, Oregon, USA, and the Bashan Foundation in Oregon, USA. NR 38 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 66 IS 3 BP 402 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.04.007 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 473OU UT WOS:000268217900007 ER PT J AU Boyer, DG Kuczynska, E Fayer, R AF Boyer, Douglas G. Kuczynska, Ewa Fayer, Ron TI Transport, fate, and infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts released from manure and leached through macroporous soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; Leaching; Soil transport; Epikarst ID POROUS-MEDIA; DAIRY-CATTLE; WATER; SURVIVAL; GIARDIA; TEMPERATURES; INACTIVATION; PREVALENCE; GENOTYPES; MOVEMENT AB A major mode of transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum, a widespread waterborne pathogen, is via contaminated drinking and recreational waters. Oocyst transport to surface water can occur by deposition of manure directly in the water or by wash off in surface runoff. Oocyst transport to groundwater is less straightforward and requires that the oocysts move through soil and bedrock to reach the water table. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative concentration and infectivity of C. parvum oocysts released from manure and leached through columns of undisturbed, macroporous karst soil. Modeling the fate of oocysts in this system over time can provide baseline data for evaluating real world events. Substantially more oocysts leached from undisturbed soil columns than disturbed soil columns. Oocyst survival studies using BALB/c neonatal suckling mice showed that about 85% of oocysts were infective at the beginning of leaching experiments. The oocyst infectivity decreased to about 20% after 12 weeks of leaching from soil columns maintained at 10A degrees C. Cool (10A degrees C) temperatures appear to increase survivability and maintain infectivity of many oocysts for 3 months or longer. Cool temperatures also appear to increase rates of release of oocysts from manure and leaching through soil. This study demonstrated that leaching is an important mechanism of oocyst transport in karst soils where infiltration capacities are high and long, continuous macropores exist. Karst groundwater systems might be especially vulnerable to contamination by leached oocysts, because of the prevalence of shallow soils and rapid groundwater movement. Oocysts leaching from soils into the epikarst could accumulate and remain viable for months until hydrological conditions are right for flushing the oocysts into the conduit flow system. C1 [Boyer, Douglas G.] ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaverton, WV 25813 USA. [Kuczynska, Ewa] Little Neck Pkwy, Floral Pk, NY 11001 USA. [Fayer, Ron] ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Boyer, DG (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaverton, WV 25813 USA. EM doug.boyer@ars.usda.gov FU 205 Rangeland, Pasture; Forages; 201 Water Quality and Management National Programs of the USDA-ARS FX Contribution of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service. All programs and services of the US Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. Trade and company names are used for the benefit of readers and do not imply endorsement by the USDA. This research was supported by the 205 Rangeland, Pasture, and Forages and the 201 Water Quality and Management National Programs of the USDA-ARS. The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Laura Cooper, Derek Hall, and Edward Lester. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1011 EP 1019 DI 10.1007/s00254-008-1580-x PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 484AC UT WOS:000269014000010 ER PT J AU Laclaustra, M Navas-Acien, A Stranges, S Ordovas, JM Guallar, E AF Laclaustra, Martin Navas-Acien, Ana Stranges, Saverio Ordovas, Jose M. Guallar, Eliseo TI Serum Selenium Concentrations and Diabetes in US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE diabetes; glycosylated hemoglobin; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES; selenium ID CARCINOSTATIC ACTIVITY; CANCER PREVENTION; ANTIOXIDANT; DISEASE; TRIAL; RISK; SUPPLEMENTATION; POPULATION; FRANCE; BLOOD AB BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that high selenium levels are associated with diabetes and other cardiometabolic risk factors. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the association of serum selenium concentrations with fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and diabetes in the most recently available representative sample of the U.S. population. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional analysis of 917 adults >= 40 years of age who had a fasting morning blood sample in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. We evaluated the association of serum selenium, measured by inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry, and diabetes, defined as a self-report of current use of hypoglycemic agents or insulin or as fasting plasma glucose >= 126 mg/dL. RESULTS: Mean serum selenium was 137.1 mu g/L. The multivariable adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] for diabetes comparing the highest quartile of serum selenium (>= 147 mu g/L) with the lowest (< 124 mu g/L) was 7.64 (3.34-17.46). The corresponding average differences (95% CI) in fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were 9.5 mg/dL (3.4-15.6 mg/dL) and 0.30% (0.14-0.46%), respectively. In spline regression models, the prevalence of diabetes as well as glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels increased with increasing selenium concentrations up to 160 mu g/L. CONCLUSIONS: In U.S. adults, high serum selenium concentrations were associated with higher prevalence of diabetes and higher fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Given high selenium intake in the U.S. population, further research is needed to determine the role of excess selenium levels in the development or the progression of diabetes. C1 [Laclaustra, Martin; Guallar, Eliseo] Ctr Nacl Invest Cardiovasc, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. [Laclaustra, Martin; Navas-Acien, Ana; Guallar, Eliseo] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Laclaustra, Martin; Navas-Acien, Ana; Guallar, Eliseo] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD USA. [Navas-Acien, Ana] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. [Stranges, Saverio] Univ Hosp Coventry & Warwickshire, Warwick Med Sch, Clin Sci Res Inst, Coventry, W Midlands, England. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Guallar, E (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, 2024 E Monument St,Room 2-639, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM eguallar@jhsph.edu RI STRANGES, SAVERIO/F-3273-2010; Guallar, Eliseo/D-3807-2014; Laclaustra, Martin/C-6709-2015; OI Guallar, Eliseo/0000-0002-4471-9565; Laclaustra, Martin/0000-0003-3963-0846; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES012673]; National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Disease [DK075030]; American Heart Association [0230232N]; U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-9-001] FX This work was supported by grants ES012673 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, DK075030 from the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Disease, and 0230232N from the American Heart Association and by contract 58-1950-9-001 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service. NR 26 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 117 IS 9 BP 1409 EP 1413 DI 10.1289/ehp.0900704 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 490EE UT WOS:000269479900030 PM 19750106 ER PT J AU Gardiner, EP Sutherland, AB Bixby, RJ Scott, MC Meyer, JL Helfman, GS Benfield, EF Pringle, CM Bolstad, PV Wear, DN AF Gardiner, Edward P. Sutherland, Andrew B. Bixby, Rebecca J. Scott, Mark C. Meyer, Judy L. Helfman, Gene S. Benfield, E. Fred Pringle, Cathy M. Bolstad, Paul V. Wear, David N. TI Linking stream and landscape trajectories in the southern Appalachians SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Stream ecology; Land use change; Biotic response; Water chemistry; Watershed; Catchment classification; Ecological forecasting ID URBAN ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; LAND-USE; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; INVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; WISCONSIN STREAMS; NORTH-CAROLINA AB A proactive sampling strategy was designed and implemented in 2000 to document changes in streams whose catchment land uses were predicted to change over the next two decades due to increased building density. Diatoms, macroinvertebrates, fishes, suspended sediment, dissolved solids, and bed composition were measured at two reference sites and six sites where a socioeconomic model suggested new building construction would influence stream ecosystems in the future; we label these "hazard sites." The six hazard sites were located in catchments with forested and agricultural land use histories. Diatoms were species-poor at reference sites, where riparian forest cover was significantly higher than all other sites. Cluster analysis, Wishart's distance function, non-metric multidimensional scaling, indicator species analysis, and t-tests show that macroinvertebrate assemblages, fish assemblages, in situ physical measures, and catchment land use and land cover were different between streams whose catchments were mostly forested, relative to those with agricultural land use histories and varying levels of current and predicted development. Comparing initial results with other regional studies, we predict homogenization of fauna with increased nutrient inputs and sediment associated with agricultural sites where more intense building activities are occurring. Based on statistical separability of sampled sites, catchment classes were identified and mapped throughout an 8,600 km(2) region in western North Carolina's Blue Ridge physiographic province. The classification is a generalized representation of two ongoing trajectories of land use change that we suggest will support streams with diverging biota and physical conditions over the next two decades. C1 [Gardiner, Edward P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gardiner, Edward P.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Sutherland, Andrew B.] Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Bixby, Rebecca J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Scott, Mark C.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Pendleton, SC 29670 USA. [Meyer, Judy L.; Helfman, Gene S.; Pringle, Cathy M.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Benfield, E. Fred] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bolstad, Paul V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wear, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gardiner, EP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM ned@amnh.org RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012; OI Goforth, Reuben/0000-0001-6891-3146 FU NSF [DEB-9632854] FX This work was conducted with support from NSF grant DEB-9632854 to the University of Georgia Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research Program. We appreciate the thoughtful input of reviewers of an earlier version of this manuscript, including David Strayer. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 156 IS 1-4 BP 17 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s10661-008-0460-x PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 480ZQ UT WOS:000268776400002 PM 18704730 ER PT J AU Saccomani, M Stevanato, P Trebbi, D McGrath, JM Biancardi, E AF Saccomani, Massimo Stevanato, Piergiorgio Trebbi, Daniele McGrath, J. Mitchell Biancardi, Enrico TI Molecular and morpho-physiological characterization of sea, ruderal and cultivated beets SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Genetic resources; Root plasticity; Nutritional stress; Sulfate deprivation; AFLP ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; BETA-VULGARIS L.; ZEA-MAYS L.; SUGAR-BEET; GENETIC DIVERSITY; WILD RELATIVES; ROOT-GROWTH; PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY AB Beta vulgaris genetic resources are essential for broadening genetic base of sugar beet and developing cultivars adapted to adverse environmental conditions. Wild beets (sea beets, B. vulgaris spp. maritima and their naturalized introgressions with cultivated beets known as ruderal beets) harbor substantial genetic diversity that could be useful for beet improvement. Here, we compared molecular and morpho-physiological traits of wild beets collected on the Adriatic coast of Italy with sugar beet using eight primer-pairs amplifying 194 polymorphic fragments and four root traits (glucose and fructose content in the root tip, root elongation rate, number of the of root tips, total root length and its distribution among diameters ranges). Genetic diversity was higher in the sea beet accession, which may be due to the highly variable selection pressures that occur in heterogeneous ecological niches, compared with the ruderal and cultivated beets. Sea and sugar beet accessions showed contrasting root patterns in response to sulfate deprivation: sugar beet showed an increase of reducing sugars in the root tips and higher root elongation rate, and the sea beet accession showed an increase in root tip number, total root length and fine root length (average diameter < 0.5 mm). The ruderal beet showed intermediary responses to sea and sugar beet accessions. AFLP and morpho-physiological cluster analyzes showed sea, ruderal and cultivated beets to be genetically distinct groups. The results of this study indicate variability in response to sulfate deprivation is present in undomesticated beets that could be deployed for sugar beet improvement. C1 [Saccomani, Massimo; Stevanato, Piergiorgio] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Biotecnol Agr, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. [Trebbi, Daniele] Keygene NV, NL-6708 PW Wageningen, Netherlands. [McGrath, J. Mitchell] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS Sugar Beet & Bean Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Biancardi, Enrico] CRA CIN Ctr Ric Colture Ind, I-45100 Rovigo, Italy. RP Stevanato, P (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Biotecnol Agr, Viale Univ 16, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. EM stevanato@unipd.it FU Veneto Region through the Biotech Action II FX The research was supported by Veneto Region through the Biotech Action II. NR 70 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2009 VL 169 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-9888-5 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 474QU UT WOS:000268299900002 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, CA Chen, JC Livingston, S Groves, RL AF Ledbetter, Craig A. Chen, Jianchi Livingston, Sam Groves, Russell L. TI Winter curing of Prunus dulcis cv 'Butte,' P. webbii and their interspecific hybrid in response to Xylella fastidiosa infections SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Almond leaf scorch; Breeding; Prunus dulcis; P. webbii; Winter curing; Xylella ID LEAF SCORCH DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; TEMPERATURE; RESISTANCE; STRAINS; GRAPES AB Clonal replicates of Prunus dulcis cv 'Butte,' P. webbii and their interspecific hybrid P 63-61 were inoculated with Xylella fastidiosa strain M23 and evaluated for almond leaf scorch disease and subsequent winter curing of infections during three growing seasons. Initial inoculations established greater than 90% infection in each of the accessions, based on PCR diagnoses from petiole tissues sampled near the inoculation site. Classic leaf scorch symptoms were evident in each population during the first growing season in a controlled greenhouse environment. Trees were removed from the greenhouse during the winters to accumulate chill hours and to provide the possibility of winter curing X. fastidiosa infections. Both PCR diagnostics and in vitro cultivation were used during the second and third growing seasons to determine the persistence of X. fastidiosa in clones among the three populations. Tree survival and the degree of winter cured infections differed among the three populations, with P. webbii and P 63-61 demonstrating enhanced levels of survivorship over 'Butte.' After two cycles of ambient winter temperatures and subsequent growth, 'Butte' averaged 21.2% winter cured trees with 73.1% mean survival. Tree survival and winter cured infections were nearly 100% for both P. webbii and P 63-61, demonstrating the utility of P. webbii in almond breeding efforts aimed at reducing tree vulnerability to X. fastidiosa infections. C1 [Ledbetter, Craig A.; Chen, Jianchi] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Livingston, Sam] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Groves, Russell L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ledbetter, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM craig.ledbetter@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2009 VL 169 IS 1 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-9954-z PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 474QU UT WOS:000268299900009 ER PT J AU Hall, MD Brown-Guedira, G Klatt, A Fritz, AK AF Hall, M. D. Brown-Guedira, G. Klatt, A. Fritz, A. K. TI Genetic analysis of resistance to soil-borne wheat mosaic virus derived from Aegilops tauschii SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Aegilops taushii; Disease resistance; Markers; Soil-borne wheat mosiac virus; Wheat ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; GENUS FUROVIRUS; CURL MITE; GENOME AB Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Soil-Borne Wheat Mosaic Virus Derived from Aegilops tauschii. Euphytica. Soil-Borne Wheat Mosaic Virus (SBWMV), vectored by the soil inhabiting organism Polymyxa graminis, causes damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields in most of the wheat growing regions of the world. In localized fields, the entire crop may be lost to the virus. Although many winter wheat cultivars contain resistance to SBWMV, the inheritance of resistance is poorly understood. A linkage analysis of a segregating recombinant inbred line population from the cross KS96WGRC40 x Wichita identified a gene of major effect conferring resistance to SBWMV in the germplasm KS96WGRC40. The SBWMV resistance gene within KS96WGRC40 was derived from accession TA2397 of Aegilops taushcii and is located on the long arm of chromosome 5D, flanked by microsatellite markers Xcfd10 and Xbarc144. The relationship of this locus with a previously identified QTL for SBWMV resistance and the Sbm1 gene conferring resistance to soil-borne cereal mosaic virus is not known, but suggests that a gene on 5DL conferring resistance to both viruses may be present in T. aestivum, as well as the D-genome donor Ae. tauschii. C1 [Brown-Guedira, G.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Hall, M. D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Klatt, A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Fritz, A. K.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM gina_brown-guedira@ncsu.edu FU Kansas Wheat Commission; USDA, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-55606-16629] FX The authors wish to thank the Wheat Genetics Resource Center at Kansas State University for providing seed of WGRC germplasm releases and the staff at the USDA-ARS Small Grains Regional Genotyping Center in Raleigh, NC for their assistance with this research. This research was supported by funding from the Kansas Wheat Commission and the USDA, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Coordinated Agricultural Project grant number 2006-55606-16629. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD SEP PY 2009 VL 169 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-9910-y PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 476GO UT WOS:000268427100004 ER PT J AU Laclaustra, M Navas-Acien, A Stranges, S Ordovas, JM Guallar, E AF Laclaustra, M. Navas-Acien, A. Stranges, S. Ordovas, J. M. Guallar, E. TI Serum selenium concentrations and blood pressure in US adults SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Laclaustra, M.; Guallar, E.] Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Res CNIC, Madrid, Spain. [Navas-Acien, A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Stranges, S.] Warwick Med Sch, Clin Sci Res Inst, Coventry, W Midlands, England. [Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Guallar, Eliseo/D-3807-2014 OI Guallar, Eliseo/0000-0002-4471-9565 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 30 SU 1 BP 234 EP 234 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V28TH UT WOS:000208702602334 ER PT J AU Warodomwichit, D Sritara, P Sura, T Jongjirasiri, S Laothamatas, J Yamwong, S Busabaratana, M Pingsuthiwong, S Anutarapongpan, K Ordovas, JM AF Warodomwichit, D. Sritara, P. Sura, T. Jongjirasiri, S. Laothamatas, J. Yamwong, S. Busabaratana, M. Pingsuthiwong, S. Anutarapongpan, K. Ordovas, J. M. TI APOA5-1131T > C polymorphism modulates plasma triglyceride levels and contributes to risk of metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease in Thais SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Warodomwichit, D.; Sritara, P.; Sura, T.; Jongjirasiri, S.; Laothamatas, J.; Yamwong, S.; Busabaratana, M.; Pingsuthiwong, S.; Anutarapongpan, K.] Mahidol Univ, Ramathibodi Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 30 SU 1 BP 772 EP 772 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V28TH UT WOS:000208702606241 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Gottwald, TR Parker, PE Cook, AZ Ferrandino, F Parnell, S van den Bosch, F AF Bock, C. H. Gottwald, T. R. Parker, P. E. Cook, A. Z. Ferrandino, F. Parnell, S. van den Bosch, F. TI The Horsfall-Barratt scale and severity estimates of citrus canker SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Epidemiology; Disease scales; Disease incidence; Infection; Crop loss; Disease management ID DISEASE ASSESSMENT; VISUAL ESTIMATION; LEAF-BLIGHT; ACCURACY; SYMPTOMS; RELIABILITY; PRECISION; PROGRAMS; FIELD; SPOT AB Citrus canker assessment data were used to investigate effects of using the Horsfall-Barratt (H-B) scale to estimate disease compared to direct estimation to the nearest percent. Twenty-eight raters assessed each of two-hundred infected leaves (0-38% true diseased area). The data were converted to the H-B scale. Correlation (r) showed that direct estimates had higher inter-rater reliability compared to H-B scaled data (r = 0.75 and 0.71 for direct estimates and H-B scaled data, respectively). Lin's concordance correlation (LCC, rho (c) ) analysis showed individual rater estimates by direct estimation had better agreement with true values compared to H-B scaled data. The direct estimates were more precise compared to H-B scaled data (r = 0.80-0.95 and 0.61-0.90, respectively), but measures of generalised bias or accuracy (C (b) ) were similar for both methods (0.38-1.00). Cumulative mean disease and cumulative variance of the means were calculated for each rater on a leaf-by-leaf basis. Direct estimates were closer to the true severity 59.5% of the time, and to the cumulative true sample mean 53.7% of the time, and to the cumulative true sample mean variance 63.6% of the time. Estimates of mean severity for each leaf based on estimates by 3, 5, 10, 20 and 28 raters were compared to true disease severity. LCC showed that rater-means based on more raters had better agreement with true values compared to individual estimates, but H-B scale data were less precise, although with means based on a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 10 raters, agreement was the same for both assessment methods. Magnitude and dispersion of the variance of the means based on H-B scaled data was greater than that by direct estimates. H-B scaling did not improve reliability, accuracy or precision of the estimate of citrus canker severity compared to direct visual estimation. C1 [Bock, C. H.] Univ Florida, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Gottwald, T. R.] USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Parker, P. E.; Cook, A. Z.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. [Ferrandino, F.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol & Ecol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Parnell, S.; van den Bosch, F.] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), Univ Florida, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM clive.bock@ars.usda.gov; tim.gottwald@ars.usda.gov; paul.e.parker@aphis.usda.gov; amanda.cook@tx.usda.gov; 365874@po.state.ct.us; stephen.parnell@bbsrc.ac.uk; frank.vandenbosch@bbsrc.ac.uk RI parnell, stephen/I-7682-2015 OI parnell, stephen/0000-0002-2625-4557 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/C/00004942] NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 125 IS 1 BP 23 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s10658-009-9455-x PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 474ZR UT WOS:000268324200002 ER PT J AU Laughery, JM Lau, AOT White, SN Howell, JM Suarez, CE AF Laughery, Jacob M. Lau, Audrey O. T. White, Stephen N. Howell, Jeanne M. Suarez, Carlos E. TI Babesia bovis: Transcriptional analysis of rRNA gene unit expression SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; Transcription; Ribosomal RNA ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; LIFE-CYCLE; PLASMODIUM; SEQUENCE; STAGE; CULTURE AB The complex life cycle of Babesia bovis includes erythrocytic stages in the bovine host and other stages occurring inside its common tick vector Rhipicephalus microplus. In related apicomplexa, changing environmental conditions affect the expression of ribosomal RNA, but it remained unknown whether the polymorphic A, B, and C rRNA coding units of B. bovis are differentially expressed. Northern blot analysis confirmed that polymorphic regions in the B. bovis 18s and ITS-2 rRNA coding units are transcribed. Then, rRNA transcript expression profiles were compared by analyzing cDNA libraries generated from total RNA extracted from in vitro cultured parasites, B. bovis infected cattle, R. microplus larvae and egg sources. The 18s and ITS-2 expression profiles indicate that rRNA unit B is almost exclusively expressed in cultured parasites while units A, B, and C are co-transcribed in the in vivo total RNA sources. Collectively, the data indicate that differential transcription of rRNA occurs in B. bovis, depending on the life stage of the parasite and on the environment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [White, Stephen N.; Howell, Jeanne M.; Suarez, Carlos E.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Laughery, Jacob M.; Lau, Audrey O. T.] Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lau, Audrey O. T.] Washington State Univ, Program Microbial Genom, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Suarez, CE (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ces@vetmed.wsu.edu OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054 FU USDA-ARS [5348-32000-028-001]; USAID [PCE-G-0098-00043-00]; USDA [SCA58-5348-7-528] FX The helpful assistance of Paul Lacy, David Herndon, Sara Davis, and Ralph Horn is acknowledged. We thank Dr. Don Knowles and Dr. Terry F. McElwain for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 5348-32000-028-001), USAID Grant PCE-G-0098-00043-00, and USDA (SCA58-5348-7-528) Agreement 5348-32000-028-055. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 123 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.05.016 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 484GX UT WOS:000269033300009 PM 19508867 ER PT J AU Russo, R Panangala, VS Wood, RR Klesius, PH AF Russo, Riccardo Panangala, Victor S. Wood, Raphael R. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Chemical and electroporated transformation of Edwardsiella ictaluri using three different plasmids SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Edwardsiella ictaluri; plasmid; transformation; electroporation; calcium chloride; one-step transformation ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; HIGH-EFFICIENCY TRANSFORMATION; CHANNEL CATFISH; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA TRANSFER; EXPRESSION; PUNCTATUS; MACROPHAGES; MUTAGENESIS AB Transfer of DNA by conjugation has been the method generally used for genetic manipulation of Edwardsiella ictaluri because, previously, attempts to transform E. ictaluri by the uptake of naked DNA have apparently failed. We report here the successful transformation of seven strains of E. ictaluri using electroporation and two different chemical procedures [conventional calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) and 'one-step' (polyethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide and MgSO(4)) protocols]. Seven strains of E. ictaluri were transformed using three different plasmids [pZsGreen, pUC18 and pET-30a(1)]. The highest transformation efficiency was achieved by electroporation (5.5 +/- 0.2 x 10(4) transformants ng(-1) plasmid DNA) than with the CaCl(2) (8.1 +/- 6.1 +/- 10(-1) transformants ng(-1) plasmid) and the 'one-step transformation' protocol (2.5 +/- 2.7 transformants ng(-1) plasmid). An efficient transformation by electroporation required only 0.2 ng of plasmid compared with 200 ng required for the CaCl(2) and one-step protocols. The plasmids were stably maintained in E. ictaluri grown in the presence of antibiotic for 12 or more passages. The results of this study show that transformation of E. ictaluri by electroporation can be routinely used for the molecular genetic manipulation of this organism, and is a quicker and easier method than transformation performed by conjugation. C1 [Russo, Riccardo; Panangala, Victor S.; Wood, Raphael R.; Klesius, Phillip H.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Russo, R (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM ri.russo@hotmail.com FU US Department of Agriculture [32000-020-00D] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems project no. 6420-32000-020-00D. The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Mrs Elizabeth Peterman. This research was conducted in compliance with all relevant federal guidelines and institutional policies. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 298 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01702.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 472YY UT WOS:000268170700015 PM 19594620 ER PT J AU Jeffries, TW Van Vleet, JRH AF Jeffries, Thomas W. Van Vleet, Jennifer R. Headman TI Pichia stipitis genomics, transcriptomics, and gene clusters SO FEMS YEAST RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE yeast; evolution; genome; tandem repeats; orthologs; expression arrays ID RECOMBINANT SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SPENT SULFITE LIQUOR; XYLITOL DEHYDROGENASE; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; XYLOSE REDUCTASE; ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION; BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; OXYGEN LIMITATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB Genome sequencing and subsequent global gene expression studies have advanced our understanding of the lignocellulose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis. These studies have provided an insight into its central carbon metabolism, and analysis of its genome has revealed numerous functional gene clusters and tandem repeats. Specialized physiological traits are often the result of several gene products acting together. When coinheritance is necessary for the overall physiological function, recombination and selection favor colocation of these genes in a cluster. These are particularly evident in strongly conserved and idiomatic traits. In some cases, the functional clusters consist of multiple gene families. Phylogenetic analyses of the members in each family show that once formed, functional clusters undergo duplication and differentiation. Genome-wide expression analysis reveals that regulatory patterns of clusters are similar after they have duplicated and that the expression profiles evolve along with functional differentiation of the clusters. Orthologous gene families appear to arise through tandem gene duplication, followed by differentiation in the regulatory and coding regions of the gene. Genome-wide expression analysis combined with cross-species comparisons of functional gene clusters should reveal many more aspects of eukaryotic physiology. C1 [Jeffries, Thomas W.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Jeffries, Thomas W.; Van Vleet, Jennifer R. Headman] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), Inst Microbial & Biochem Sci, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM twjeffri@wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU USDA, CSREES NRI [2006-355-04-17436.] FX The authors wish to acknowledge funding for this project from the USDA, CSREES NRI project # 2006-355-04-17436. NR 80 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1567-1356 J9 FEMS YEAST RES JI FEMS Yeast Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 9 IS 6 BP 793 EP 807 DI 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00525.x PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 481FD UT WOS:000268791900001 PM 19659741 ER PT J AU Overholt, WA Diaz, R Hibbard, KL Roda, AL Amalin, D Fox, AJ Hight, SD Medal, JC Stansly, PA Carlisle, B Walter, JH Hogue, PJ Gary, LA Wiggins, LF Kirby, CL Crawford, SC AF Overholt, W. A. Diaz, R. Hibbard, K. L. Roda, A. L. Amalin, D. Fox, A. J. Hight, S. D. Medal, J. C. Stansly, P. A. Carlisle, B. Walter, J. H. Hogue, P. J. Gary, L. A. Wiggins, L. F. Kirby, C. L. Crawford, S. C. TI RELEASES, DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF GRATIANA BOLIVIANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF TROPICAL SODA APPLE (SOLANUM VIARUM, SOLANACEAE) IN FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Biological control; tropical soda apple; Gratiana boliviana; establishment; spread; invasive species ID ELONGATA-DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; TAMARIX SPP. AB From 2003 to 2008, 176,643 Gratiana boliviana Spaeth (Coleoptera: Chrysomehdae) were released in Florida as part of a biological control program targeting tropical soda apple (TSA) Solanum viarum Dunal (Solanaceae). The spatial distribution of releases was clustered with more beetles released in south/central Florida than further north. A survey conducted in the fall of 2008 found G. bolviana present at >70% of randomly selected locations between 26 degrees and 29 degrees latitude, but no beetles were found at sites further north. The presence of beetles and beetle damage were associated with smaller TSA plants and fewer fruits per plant. The absence of beetles in northern Florida may be due to the fewer number released in that area, but also could be influenced by land cover and climate. C1 [Overholt, W. A.; Diaz, R.] Univ Florida, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Hibbard, K. L.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Roda, A. L.; Amalin, D.] PPQ, APHIS, USDA, Miami, FL USA. [Fox, A. J.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hight, S. D.] FAMU, USDA, ARS, CMAVE,Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Medal, J. C.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Stansly, P. A.] Univ Florida, Immokalee, FL USA. [Walter, J. H.] Brevard Co, Cooperat Extens Serv, Titusville, FL USA. [Hogue, P. J.] Okeechobee Co, Cooperat Extens Serv, Okeechobee, FL USA. [Gary, L. A.] Hardee Co, Cooperat Extens Serv, Wauchula, FL USA. [Wiggins, L. F.; Crawford, S. C.] Hendry Co, Cooperat Extens Serv, La Belle, FL USA. [Kirby, C. L.] Manatee Co, Cooperat Extens Serv, Bradenton, FL USA. RP Overholt, WA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Pierce, FL USA. FU Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services; Division of Plant Industry; United States Department of Agriculture; Animal Plant Health Inspection Service FX We thank Larry Markle, Jackie Markle, Ben Anuforum (University of Florida), Joe DeMarco, and Jose Diaz (FDACS/DPI) for assistance in rearing, release, and field evaluation of G. boliviana. For assistance with field surveys, we express appreciation to John Maes, Stuart Reitz, Chirs Albanese, Michael Getman (USDAARS, Tallahassee, FL), Derek Barber (Cooperative Extension Service, Columbia Co., FL), Shep Eubanks (Cooperative Extension Service, Holmes Co., FL), Daniel Fenneman (Cooperative Extension Service, Madison Co., FL), Larry Halsey (Cooperative Extension Service, Jefferson Co., FL), Doug Mayo (Cooperative Extension Service, Washington Co., FL), Elena Toro (Cooperative Extension Service, Suwannee Co., FL), and Chris Vann (Cooperative Extension Service, Lafayette, Co., FL). We thank the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, and the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service for financial support for the tropical soda apple biological control program. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 92 IS 3 BP 450 EP 457 DI 10.1653/024.092.0306 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 489BQ UT WOS:000269394900006 ER PT J AU Aldrich, JR Khrimian, A Chen, X Camp, MJ AF Aldrich, J. R. Khrimian, A. Chen, X. Camp, M. J. TI SEMIOCHEMICALLY BASED MONITORING OF THE INVASION OF THE BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG AND UNEXPECTED ATTRACTION OF THE NATIVE GREEN STINK BUG (HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) IN MARYLAND SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Acrosternum; Halyomorpha; aggregation; kairomone; pheromone; Hemiptera; tachinid ID HALYS STAL HETEROPTERA; ACROSTERNUM-HILARE SAY; HALYOMORPHA-HALYS; THYANTA-PALLIDOVIRENS; SEX-PHEROMONE; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; GEOMETRIC ISOMERS; SCOTT HETEROPTERA; NEZARA; IDENTIFICATION AB The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Pentatomidae), is a newly invasive species in the eastern U. S. that is rapidly expanding its range from the original point of establishment in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Although an attractant pheromone has yet to be identified for H. halys, in its native Asian range the insect is cross-attracted to the pheromone of another pentatomid Plautia stali Scott whose males produce methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate. Previous tests of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate isomers in the U. S. verified that H. halys is highly attracted to methyl (EEZ)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, and that the native green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), also is attracted to this compound. Using traps baited with methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates and the reported pheromone of A. hilare (trans- and cis-(Z)-alpha-bisabolene epoxides), we monitored populations of the brown marmorated and green stink bugs at the Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, for the 2004-2008 growing seasons. Over this time period, the H. halys population rose from being undetectable in 2004 to becoming much more abundantly trapped than the native A. hilare. Furthermore, A. hilare was significantly more attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate than the blend of bisabolene epoxides reported as its pheromone. Supplemental material online at http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/fe923.htm#lnfoLink1 C1 [Aldrich, J. R.; Khrimian, A.] ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Camp, M. J.] ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Chen, X.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Aldrich, JR (reprint author), ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, B-007,Rm 313,Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jeffrey.Aldrich@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 30 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 92 IS 3 BP 483 EP 491 DI 10.1653/024.092.0310 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 489BQ UT WOS:000269394900010 ER PT J AU Kaufman, PE Geden, CJ AF Kaufman, Phillip E. Geden, Christopher J. TI DEVELOPMENT OF SPALANGIA CAMERONI AND MUSCIDIFURAX RAPTOR (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) ON LIVE AND FREEZE-KILLED HOUSE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) PUPAE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Muscidifurax raptor; Spalangia cameroni; Pteromalidae; house fly; Musca domestica; biological control ID PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; HOST PUPAE; RELEASE; DAIRY AB The use of pteromalid parasitoids for muscoid fly control is becoming increasingly common. Two species that are often recommended for releases are Spalangia cameroni Perkins and Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders. This study was conducted to determine if the reduced suitability of freeze-killed pupae for Pteromalidae, particularly S. cameroni, is due to freezing, freezing duration, or the type of freezer used. Processing pupae through freezing had a considerably greater negative effect on rearing of S. cameroni than on M. raptor Although freezing pupae did reduce M. raptor progeny production, there was no effect of length of storage or type of freezer used. Freezing pupae for 5 months resulted in significantly fewer S. cameroni progeny than freezing pupae for 2 weeks. Although not significant, pupae held in a frostfree freezer produced more progeny than those in a non-frostfree freezer. Measurements of weights of parasitized pupae over time indicated that freezing did not result in accelerated desiccation of hosts. These results document that the use of prolonged freezing and type of freezer minimally impacts M. raptor, but that commercial insectaries and researchers should be cautious in the use of frozen pupae when rearing or surveying for S. cameroni. C1 [Kaufman, Phillip E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Geden, Christopher J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Kaufman, PE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Box 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Kaufman, Phillip/0000-0001-6159-8358 FU University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Federal Formula Funds [FLA-ENY-04598] FX We thank L. Wood, A. Campbell, M. Geden, J. Matta, C. Scipioni, and J. Pecora for assistance with this project. Support was provided in part by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Federal Formula Funds, project FLA-ENY-04598 (Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture). NR 16 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 92 IS 3 BP 492 EP 496 DI 10.1653/024.092.0311 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 489BQ UT WOS:000269394900011 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Crowe, CM AF Miller, Daniel R. Crowe, Christopher M. TI LENGTH OF MULTIPLE-FUNNEL TRAPS AFFECTS CATCHES OF SOME BARK AND WOOD BORING BEETLES IN A SLASH PINE STAND IN NORTHERN FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID ATTRACTANT KAIROMONES; (-)-ALPHA-PINENE; ETHANOL C1 [Miller, Daniel R.; Crowe, Christopher M.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 92 IS 3 BP 506 EP 507 DI 10.1653/024.092.0315 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 489BQ UT WOS:000269394900015 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM DebRoy, C Liu, YH AF Fratamico, Pina M. DebRoy, Chitrita Liu, Yanhong TI The DNA Sequence of the Escherichia coli O22 O-Antigen Gene Cluster and Detection of Pathogenic Strains Belonging to E. coli Serogroups O22 and O91 by Multiplex PCR Assays Targeting Virulence Genes and Genes in the Respective O-Antigen Gene Clusters SO FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE E. coli O91; E. coli O22; O-antigen; Detection; Identification; Multiplex PCR; Virulence Genes ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TOPOLOGY PREDICTION; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; POLYSACCHARIDE; DIARRHEA; EAE; AMPLIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE AB Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed for detection of pathogenic strains belonging to Escherichia coli serogroups O22 and O91. The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O22 was sequenced to identify genes that could be employed as targets for serogroup-specific PCR assays. The wzx and wzy genes in the O-antigen gene clusters of E. coli O22 and E. coli O91 were selected as target genes. The assays were serogroup-specific when tested against 72 E. coli O22 strains and 57 E. coli O91 strains isolated from food, humans, and animals, representative strains belonging to 168 E. coli O serogroups and non-E. coli bacteria. Furthermore, 72 E. coli O22 strains and 57 E. coli O91 strains isolated from food, water, animals, and humans were tested by the PCR for the presence of six and 19 virulence genes, respectively, associated with pathogenic E. coli strains. Based on the PCR screening results, multiplex PCR assays targeting the O22 wzy gene and the cnf-1 and sfa genes in E. coli O22 and the O91 wzy gene, conserved sequences of stx (1) and stx (2) genes, and the astA and cdt-III genes in E. coli O91 were developed to detect and identify pathogenic strains belonging to serogroups O22 and O91. Furthermore, E. coli O22 and O91 were detected by multiplex PCR assays targeting the wzx or wzy genes and conserved sequences of the stx (1) and stx (2) genes in ground beef samples inoculated with approximately two colony-forming units (CFU)/25 g after 18-h enrichment. The results demonstrate that the E. coli O22 and O91 wzx and wzy gene sequences were specific for the respective serogroups and can be used as diagnostic markers for rapid identification of these serogroups as an alternative to serotyping. The multiplex PCR assays targeting the O22 and O91 wzx and wzy genes and virulence genes can be used to identify and to detect pathogenic strains of these serogroups in food and fecal samples. C1 [Fratamico, Pina M.; Liu, Yanhong] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [DebRoy, Chitrita] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, E Coli Reference Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1936-9751 J9 FOOD ANAL METHOD JI Food Anal. Meth. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s12161-008-9046-z PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 468NN UT WOS:000267826400001 ER PT J AU Shi, JL Pan, ZL McHugh, TH Hirschberg, E AF Shi, Junling Pan, Zhongli McHugh, Tara H. Hirschberg, Edward TI Effect of Infusion Method and Parameters on Solid Gain in Blueberries SO FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article CT 3rd International Symposium of 6th Section of the CIGR on Food and Agricultural Products - Processing and Innovations CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY SP CIGR DE Blueberries; Infusion; Mass transfer; Osmotic dehydration; Temperature ID OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION KINETICS; DRYING BEHAVIOR; APPLE; POTATO AB In order to obtain optimal processing conditions for producing infused blueberries with high solid gain, we investigated the infusion characteristics of blueberries under various processing parameters in sugar solutions with 1:1 ratio of solution and berries. Static batch constant concentration infusion and dynamic batch infusion (DBI) were tested as the alternative operations for the traditional static batch infusion. The studied parameters were solution temperature (25 to 70 A degrees C), concentration (20 to 70A degrees Brix), and types of osmotic agent (fructose, dextrose, polydextrose, sucrose, maltodextrin, and corn syrup). The results showed that high solid gain can be achieved by maintaining high and constant concentration of infusion solution at high temperature with dynamic infusion. For DBI, high temperature and high solution concentration resulted in fast and high solid gain. The rate of water loss increased with an increase in solution temperature and concentration. To obtain high quality sugar-infused products with high product yield, a DBI process of 50 A degrees C and 50A degrees Brix sugar infusion is recommended, which could have solid gain of 1.65 g/g after a 5-h infusion. Polydextrose showed higher solid gain than sucrose when infusion time was longer than 180 min, although it had lower solid gain in short-term infusion. C1 [Pan, Zhongli; McHugh, Tara H.] USDA ARS WRRC, Proc Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Shi, Junling] NW A& F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Shi, Junling; Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hirschberg, Edward] Innovat Foods Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Pan, ZL (reprint author), USDA ARS WRRC, Proc Foods Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zpan@pw.usda.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-5130 J9 FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH JI Food Bioprocess Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s11947-008-0116-4 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 454DW UT WOS:000266663200006 ER PT J AU Mizrach, A Lu, RF Rubino, M AF Mizrach, Amos Lu, Renfu Rubino, Maria TI Gloss Evaluation of Curved-surface Fruits and Vegetables SO FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article CT 3rd International Symposium of 6th Section of the CIGR on Food and Agricultural Products - Processing and Innovations CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Naples, ITALY SP CIGR DE Gloss; Appearance; Quality; Fruit; Apple; Spectrometer ID PEEL GLOSS; EGGPLANT; APPLES AB Gloss measurements are used to evaluate the quality and appearance of a product, especially in cases where esthetic appearance is of importance. Most commercial glossmeters are designed for measuring products of flat surface and therefore are not suitable for food products because of their uneven, curved surface. A new generation of commercial glossmeters is recently available for confined areas, curved surfaces, and surfaces that are not uniform. This article provides a brief review of gloss measurement principles and methods for fresh fruits and vegetables. It reports on the gloss measurement of apples and other fresh products using a commercial glossmeter and a specially designed spectrometer-based gloss measurement prototype integrated with imaging and automatic sample positioning capabilities. Results showed that the prototype had a nonlinear relationship with standard gloss measurements. With the new setup, the gloss of apples was measured with the repeatability for 90% of the measurements being better than 16%, calculated as the ratio of the difference between maximum and minimum gloss values to the mean value in percent. Further research is needed to simplify the imaging/mechanical configuration and improve the coordinate calculation algorithm to achieve more accurate, repeatable gloss measurements. C1 [Mizrach, Amos] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Agr Engn, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Rubino, Maria] Michigan State Univ, Sch Packaging, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Mizrach, Amos; Lu, Renfu] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mizrach, A (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Agr Engn, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM amos@volcani.agri.gov.il NR 14 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-5130 J9 FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH JI Food Bioprocess Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 300 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s11947-008-0083-9 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 454DW UT WOS:000266663200009 ER PT J AU Bolling, BW Blumberg, JB Chen, CYO AF Bolling, Bradley W. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Chen, C. -Y. Oliver TI Extraction methods determine the antioxidant capacity and induction of quinone reductase by soy products in vitro SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidant; Extraction; Quinone reductase; Soy; ORAC ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN OXIDATION; SCAVENGING ACTIVITY; SOYBEAN FOODS; ISOFLAVONES; POLYPHENOLS; LEGUMES; ENZYMES; AGENTS; ASSAY AB Gastrointestinal (GI) mimic and organic solvent extracts of whole soybean powder (WSP), soy protein concentrate (SPC), and soy protein isolate (SPI) as well as soy isoflavone concentrate (SIC) were analysed for total phenols; quinone reductase (QR) induction in hepa1c1c7 cells; antioxidant scavenging of DPPH, HOCl, ONOO(-). and O(2)(-.): and total antioxidant capacity via FRAP and CRAC assays. GI extracts of all the soy products had higher concentrations of total phenols than from acidified methanol (MeOH) but lower antioxidant potency. The MeOH extract of SPC was most potent in quenching HOCl and ONOO(-) and increasing FRAP and ORAC, but did not induce QR. Despite weak antioxidant activity, hexane (HX) extracts induced QR more than GI and MeOH extracts with WSP > SPC > SPI > IC. Soy extracts were ineffective scavengers of DPPH and O(2)(-.). Thus, extraction methods markedly affect the antioxidant profile and QR induction capacity of soy products. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bolling, Bradley W.; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Chen, C. -Y. Oliver] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, CYO (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM oliver.chen@tufts.edu OI Bolling, Bradley/0000-0002-4222-2467 FU NIH IRACDA [K12 GM074869] FX Bradley Bolling was supported by NIH IRACDA Training Grant K12 GM074869. We thank Jennifer O'Leary, Kendra Hamel, and Desiree Kelley for their excellent technical assistance. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 116 IS 1 BP 351 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.087 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 445DB UT WOS:000266028800054 PM 20161330 ER PT J AU Yuk, HG Geveke, DJ Zhang, HQ AF Yuk, Hyun-Gyun Geveke, David J. Zhang, Howard Q. TI Non-thermal inactivation of Escherichia coli K12 in buffered peptone water using a pilot-plant scale supercritical carbon dioxide system with a gas-liquid porous metal contactor SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Supercritical carbon dioxide; Escherichia coli; Buffered peptone water ID PRESSURE; COLI; MICROORGANISMS; JUICE; CO2 AB This study evaluated the effectiveness of a supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO(2)) System, with a gas-liquid porous metal contactor. for reducing Escherichia coli K12 in diluted buffered peptone water. 0.1% (w/v) buffered peptone water inoculated with E. coli K12 was processed using the SCCO(2) system at CO(2) concentrations of 3.1-9.5 wt%, outlet temperatures of 34, 38, and 42 degrees C, a system pressure of 7.6 MPa, and a now rate of 1 L/min. Increased CO(2) concentrations and temperatures significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced microbial reduction. A maximum reduction of 5.8-log was obtained at 8.2% CO(2) and 42 degrees C. To achieve a 5-log reduction of E. coli K12 in 0.1% buffered peptone water, minimum CO(2) concentrations of 9.5%, 5.5%, and 5.3% were needed at 34. 38. and 42 degrees C, respectively. Further reductions of cells were observed after storage for 7 days at 4 degrees C. But storage at 25 degrees C increased the number of viable cells to 8-log cfu/mL after 7 days. This study showed the potential of the pilot scale SCCO(2) system with a gas-liquid porous metal contactor for microbial inactivation in liquid food. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yuk, Hyun-Gyun; Geveke, David J.; Zhang, Howard Q.] ARS, USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM david.geveke@ars.usda.gov RI YUK, HYUN-GYUN/B-7714-2014 OI YUK, HYUN-GYUN/0000-0001-9841-7899 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD SEP PY 2009 VL 20 IS 9 BP 847 EP 851 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.10.004 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 443JQ UT WOS:000265906400014 ER PT J AU Agarwal, S Sethi, V Gupta, P Jha, M Agnihotri, A Nord, M AF Agarwal, Siddharth Sethi, Vani Gupta, Palak Jha, Meenakshi Agnihotri, Ayushi Nord, Mark TI Experiential household food insecurity in an urban underserved slum of North India SO FOOD SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Urban poor; Household food insecurity; Slums ID SECURITY SCALE; NUTRITION; HUNGER; WOMEN AB One-third of India's urban population resides in extreme poverty, in slums and squatters. Food insecurity remains a visible reality among this segment. Yet, it is scarcely documented. This paper describes levels and determinants of experiential household food insecurity (HFI) in an underserved urban slum of Delhi (India) and reports the internal validity and reliability of the measure used to assess experiential HFI. A four-item scale was adapted from the U. S. six-item short-form food security scale and was administered in Hindi through household interviews with 410 female adults. Association of HFI with household economic and socio-demographic characteristics were examined using multiple logistic regression. Cronbach's alpha and Rasch-model-based item fit statistics were used to assess reliability and internal validity. Fifty-one percent of households were food insecure. Significant HFI predictors were unemployed to employed family members' ratio of >3:1 (Odds Ratio 2.1, Confidence Interval 1.2-3.4) and low household standard of living (OR 4.9, C. I. 2.7-8.9). Cronbach's alpha was 0.8. Item severities as estimated under Rasch model assumptions spanned 9.7 logits. Item infit statistics (0.77-1.07) indicated that the Rasch model fit the data well. Item outfit statistics suggested that one item was inconsistently understood by a small proportion of respondents. For improving HFI among the urban poor, in addition to improving behaviors/entitlement access, programs should consider linkage of urban poor to existing employment schemes, upgrading of their skills and linkage to potential employers. The adapted scale was reliable and easy to administer. However, being a subjective assessment, its sensitivity to social expectation and its association with nutrition security require examination. C1 [Agarwal, Siddharth; Sethi, Vani; Agnihotri, Ayushi] Urban Hlth Resource Ctr, New Delhi 29, India. [Gupta, Palak; Jha, Meenakshi] Univ Delhi, Lady Irwin Coll, Dept Food & Nutr, New Delhi, India. [Nord, Mark] USDA, Food Assistance Branch, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Agarwal, S (reprint author), Urban Hlth Resource Ctr, B-7-122A Safdarjang Enclave, New Delhi 29, India. EM siddharth@uhrc.in RI Agarwal, Siddharth/L-5337-2015 OI Agarwal, Siddharth/0000-0002-4293-435X NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1876-4517 EI 1876-4525 J9 FOOD SECUR JI Food Secur. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s12571-009-0034-y PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 675WE UT WOS:000283870600002 ER PT J AU Rostagno, MH AF Rostagno, Marcos H. TI Can Stress in Farm Animals Increase Food Safety Risk? SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG-RESISTANCE; ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; CATECHOLAMINE-INDUCED GROWTH; SPP. CARCASS CONTAMINATION; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; MARKET-WEIGHT TURKEYS; AGE BROILER-CHICKENS; FINISHED BEEF-CATTLE AB All farm animals will experience some level of stress during their lives. Stress reduces the fitness of an animal, which can be expressed through failure to achieve production performance standards, or through disease and death. Stress in farm animals can also have detrimental effects on the quality of food products. However, although a common assumption of a potential effect of stress on food safety exists, little is actually known about how this interaction may occur. The aim of this review was to examine the current knowledge of the potential impact of stress in farm animals on food safety risk. Colonization of farm animals by enteric pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Campylobacter, and their subsequent dissemination into the human food chain are a major public health and economic concern for the food industries. This review shows that there is increasing evidence to demonstrate that stress can have a significant deleterious effect on food safety through a variety of potential mechanisms. However, as the impact of stress is difficult to precisely determine, it is imperative that the issue receives more research attention in the interests of optimizing animal welfare and minimizing losses in product yield and quality, as well as to food safety risks to consumers. While there is some evidence linking stress with pathogen carriage and shedding in farm animals, the mechanisms underlying this effect have not been fully elucidated. Understanding when pathogen loads on the farm are the highest or when animals are most susceptible to infection will help identifying times when intervention strategies for pathogen control may be most effective, and consequently, increase the safety of food of animal origin. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Rostagno, MH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, 125 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM marcos.rostagno@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture [3602-32000-007]; The National Pork Board FX Dr. Rostagno's research is funded by the Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Project #3602-32000-007. The National Pork Board has also provided funds to conduct research in Dr. Rostagno's laboratory through multiple grants. NR 134 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 23 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 767 EP 776 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0315 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 492DA UT WOS:000269633500004 PM 19737056 ER PT J AU Swaggerty, CL Pevzner, IY He, HQ Genovese, KJ Nisbet, DJ Kaiser, P Kogut, MH AF Swaggerty, Christina L. Pevzner, Igal Y. He, Haiqi Genovese, Kenneth J. Nisbet, David J. Kaiser, Pete Kogut, Michael H. TI Selection of Broilers with Improved Innate Immune Responsiveness to Reduce On-Farm Infection by Foodborne Pathogens SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Review ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE; SYSTEMIC SALMONELLOSIS; SUSCEPTIBLE CHICKENS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; PLATELET PROTEIN; ORGAN INVASION; MAREKS-DISEASE AB Economic pressure on the modern poultry industry has directed the selection process towards fast-growing broilers that have a reduced feed conversion ratio. Selection based heavily on growth characteristics could adversely affect immune competence leaving chickens more susceptible to disease. Since the innate immune response directs the acquired immune response, efforts to select poultry with an efficient innate immune response would be beneficial. Our laboratories have been evaluating the innate immune system of two parental broiler lines to assess their capacity to protect against multiple infections. We have shown increased in vitro heterophil function corresponds with increased in vivo resistance to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. Additionally, there are increased mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in heterophils isolated from resistant lines compared to susceptible lines. Collectively, all data indicate there are measurable differences in innate responsiveness under genetic control. Recently, a small-scale selection trial was begun. We identified sires within a broiler population with higher and/or lower-than-average pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression levels and subsequently utilized small numbers of high-expressing and low-expressing sires to produce progeny with increased or decreased, respectively, pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profiles. This novel approach should allow us to improve breeding stock by improving the overall immunological responsiveness. This will produce a line of chickens with an effective pro-inflammatory innate immune response that should improve resistance against diverse pathogens, improve responses to vaccines, and increase livability. Ongoing work from this project is providing fundamental information for the development of poultry lines that will be inherently resistant to colonization by pathogenic and food-poisoning microorganisms. Utilization of pathogen-resistant birds by the poultry production industry would significantly enhance the microbiological safety of poultry products reaching the consumer. C1 [Swaggerty, Christina L.; He, Haiqi; Genovese, Kenneth J.; Nisbet, David J.; Kogut, Michael H.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Pevzner, Igal Y.] Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR USA. [Kaiser, Pete] Inst Anim Hlth, Compton, Berks, England. RP Swaggerty, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM christi.swaggerty@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Poultry & Egg Association [612]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council's Core Strategic Grant FX All experiments were conducted according to regulations established by the USDA animal care committee and overseen by Dr J. A. Byrd, attending veterinarian. Mention of commercial products is for the sole purpose of providing specific information and not a recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. Experimentswere funded, in part, by the U.S. Poultry & Egg Association (MHK and CLS, project #612). P. Kaiser is supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council's Core Strategic Grant to the IAH. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 19 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 777 EP 783 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0307 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 492DA UT WOS:000269633500005 PM 19737057 ER PT J AU Jacob, ME Callaway, TR Nagaraja, TG AF Jacob, Megan E. Callaway, Todd R. Nagaraja, T. G. TI Dietary Interactions and Interventions Affecting Escherichia coli O157 Colonization and Shedding in Cattle SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Review ID BATCH CULTURE FERMENTATIONS; DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; FEEDLOT CATTLE; ESSENTIAL OILS; RISK-FACTORS; BEEF-CATTLE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; STARCH UTILIZATION AB Escherichia coli O157 is an important foodborne pathogen affecting human health and the beef cattle industry. Contamination of carcasses at slaughter is correlated to the prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle feces. Many associations have been made between dietary factors and E. coli O157 prevalence in cattle feces. Preharvest interventions, such as diet management, could reduce the fecal prevalence and diminish the impact of this adulterant. Dietary influences, including grain type and processing method, forage quality, and distillers grains have all been associated with E. coli O157 prevalence. In addition, several plant compounds, including phenolic acids and essential oils, have been proposed as in-feed intervention strategies. The specific mechanisms responsible for increased or decreased E. coli O157 shedding or survival are not known but are often attributed to changes in hindgut ecology induced by diet types. Some interventions may have a direct bacterial effect. Frequently, results of studies are conflicting or not repeatable, which speaks to the complexity of the hindgut ecosystem, variation in animal feed utilization, and variation within feed products. Still, understanding specific mechanisms, driven by diet influences, responsible for E. coli O157 shedding will aid in the development and implementation of better and practical preharvest intervention strategies. C1 [Jacob, Megan E.; Nagaraja, T. G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66503 USA. [Callaway, Todd R.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Nagaraja, TG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, 305 Coles Hall,1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66503 USA. EM tnagaraj@vet.k-state.edu NR 74 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 17 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 785 EP 792 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0306 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 492DA UT WOS:000269633500006 PM 19737058 ER PT J AU Withee, J Williams, M Disney, T Schlosser, W Bauer, N Ebel, E AF Withee, James Williams, Michael Disney, Terry Schlosser, Wayne Bauer, Nate Ebel, Eric TI Streamlined Analysis for Evaluating the Use of Preharvest Interventions Intended to Prevent Escherichia coli O157:H7 Illness in Humans SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID III SECRETED PROTEINS; O157-H7; BEEF; IMMUNIZATION; COLONIZATION; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; SALMONELLA; INFECTIONS; VACCINE AB The U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety Inspection Service is responsible for ensuring the safety of meat, poultry, and egg products consumed in the United States. Here we describe a risk assessment method that provides quantitative criteria for decision makers tasked with developing food safety policies. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we apply it to a hypothetical case study on the use of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 cattle vaccine to prevent human illness caused by consuming beef. A combination of quantitative risk assessment methods and marginal economic analysis are used to describe the maximum cost per unit that would still allow the vaccine to be a cost-effective intervention as well as the minimum effectiveness it could have at a fixed cost. We create two economic production functions where the input is number of vaccinated cattle and the output is human illnesses prevented. The production functions are then used for marginal economic analysis to assess the cost/benefit ratio of using the vaccine to prevent foodborne illness. In our case study, it was determined that vaccinating the entire U. S. herd at a cost of between $2.29 and $9.14 per unit (depending on overall effectiveness of the vaccine) would be a cost-effective intervention for preventing E. coli O157: H7 illness in humans. In addition, we determined that vaccinating only a given fraction of the herd would be cost effective for vaccines that are less effective or more costly. For example, a vaccine costing $9.00 per unit that had a 100% efficacy but required 100% herd coverage for immunity would be cost effective for use in about 500,000 cattle each year-equating to an estimated 750 human illnesses prevented per annum. We believe this approach could be useful for public health policy development in a wide range of applications. C1 [Withee, James; Williams, Michael; Disney, Terry; Schlosser, Wayne; Bauer, Nate; Ebel, Eric] USDA, Risk Assessment & Residue Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Food Safety Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Ebel, E (reprint author), USDA, Risk Assessment & Residue Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Food Safety Inspect Serv, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM eric.ebel@fsis.usda.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 817 EP 825 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0255 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 492DA UT WOS:000269633500009 PM 19737060 ER PT J AU Golden, NJ Schlosser, WD Ebel, ED AF Golden, Neal J. Schlosser, Wayne D. Ebel, Eric D. TI Risk Assessment to Estimate the Probability of a Chicken Flock Infected with H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Reaching Slaughter Undetected SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DUCK MEAT; THERMAL INACTIVATION; H7N7 EPIDEMIC; NETHERLANDS; MORTALITY; POULTRY; CATS AB Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is an infectious disease of fowl that can cause rapid and pervasive mortality resulting in complete flock loss. It has also been shown to cause death in humans. Although H5N1 HPAI virus (HPAIV) has not been identified in the United States, there are concerns about whether an infected flock could remain undetected long enough to pose a risk to consumers. This paper considers exposure from an Asian lineage H5N1 HPAIV-infected chicken flock given that no other flocks have been identified as H5N1 HPAIV positive (the index flock). Lambda state-transition model is used to evaluate the probability of an infected flock remaining undetected until slaughter. This model describes three possible states within the flock: susceptible, infected, and dead, and the transition probabilities that predict movements between the possible states. Assuming a 20,000-bird house with 1 bird initially infected, the probability that an H5N1 HPAIV-infected flock would be detected before slaughter is approximately 94%. This is because H5N1 HPAIV spreads rapidly through a flock, and bird mortality quickly reaches high levels. It is assumed that approximately 2% or greater bird mortality due to H5N1 HPAIV would result in on-farm identification of the flock as infected. The only infected flock likely to reach slaughter undetected is one that was infected within approximately 3.5 days of shipment. In this situation, there is not enough time for high mortality to present. These results suggest that the probability of an infected undetected flock going to slaughter is low, yet such an event could occur if a flock is infected at the most opportune time. C1 [Golden, Neal J.; Schlosser, Wayne D.; Ebel, Eric D.] USDA, Food Safety Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Risk Assessment & Residue Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Golden, NJ (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Risk Assessment & Residue Div, 1400 Independence Ave,SW Aerosp Bldg,Room 356, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM neal.golden@fsis.usda.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 827 EP 835 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0253 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 492DA UT WOS:000269633500010 PM 19737061 ER PT J AU Son, I Van Kessel, JAS Karns, JS AF Son, Insook Van Kessel, Jo Ann S. Karns, Jeffrey S. TI Genotypic Diversity of Escherichia coli in a Dairy Farm SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; VIRULENCE FACTORS; BEEF-CATTLE; O157-H7; SALMONELLA; STRAINS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE; WISCONSIN AB Dairy cattle are known reservoirs of pathogenic Escherichia coli, but little is known about the dynamics of E. coli in dairy cows or within the dairy farm environment. This study was conducted to evaluate the diversity and distribution of E. coli strains in a dairy farm using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and to determine the relationships between E. coli isolated from feces and throughout the farm environment. Water from watering troughs, feces from cows, manure composites, milk, and milk filters were collected on December 2005 and December 2006. Isolates were analyzed by PCR for phylogenetic grouping (A, B1, B2, and D) and for the presence of virulence genes associated with enteropathogenic E. coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains. Most of the isolates were in groups A (22%) and B1 (64%), while 4% and 11% of the isolates were within groups B2 and D, respectively. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli and enteropathogenic E. coli virulence genes were detected in strains from the feces of three cows and in one manure composite, and E. coli O157:H7 was present in one manure composite. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis resulted in 155 unique restriction digestion patterns (RDPs) among 570 isolates. E. coli isolates from water, manure composites, feces, milk, and milk filters grouped into 34, 65, 76, 4, and 6 clusters (identical RDPs), respectively. There was little diversity of isolates within individual fecal samples; however, high diversity was observed between fecal samples. Diversity was high within the water and composite samples. Some RDPs were common to multiple sample types. Although there were common RDPs between the 2005 and 2006 samplings, the E. coli populations were quite distinct between these two sampling times. These results demonstrate a high degree of diversity for E. coli within a dairy farm and that assigning a single environmental isolate to a particular farming operation would require the testing of an impractical number of isolates. C1 [Son, Insook; Van Kessel, Jo Ann S.; Karns, Jeffrey S.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Van Kessel, JAS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Bldg 173,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joann.vankessel@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 837 EP 847 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0201 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 492DA UT WOS:000269633500011 PM 19459756 ER PT J AU Brown-Brandl, TM Berry, ED Wells, JE Arthur, TM Nienaber, JA AF Brown-Brandl, Tami M. Berry, Elaine D. Wells, James E. Arthur, Terrance M. Nienaber, John A. TI Impacts of Individual Animal Response to Heat and Handling Stresses on Escherichia coli and E. coli O157:H7 Fecal Shedding by Feedlot Cattle SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DAIRY-CATTLE; RISK-FACTORS; BEEF-CATTLE; O157-H7; SALMONELLA; CALVES; NOREPINEPHRINE; PREVALENCE; BACTERIA AB The reduction of foodborne pathogens in cattle destined for human consumption will require knowledge of the factors that impact the carriage and shedding of these organisms. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of heat and handling stress levels on the fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and generic E. coli by feedlot cattle. In year 1, 128 feedlot heifers were evaluated for heat tolerance five times per week during the 84-day finishing period from May through August. Heat stress measurements included respiration rate, panting score, and visual assessments. In year 2, panting scores were taken for a group of 256 finishing feedlot heifers on days in July and August for which the temperature humidity index (THI) was predicted to be in the "emergency'' category (THI >= 84). For both years, animals were weighed and temperament scored to assess handling stress on a 28-day schedule. At the same time, rectal fecal samples were collected from each animal individually. The presence and concentrations of E. coli O157: H7 and concentrations of generic E. coli in feces were determined. There were no clear trends between the heat stress levels or temperament scores (as an indicator of response to handling) with either fecal generic E. coli concentrations or E. coli O157:H7 concentrations or prevalence in feces, indicating that neither heat nor handling stress contributes to the food safety risk associated with E. coli O157:H7-positive cattle. C1 [Brown-Brandl, Tami M.; Berry, Elaine D.; Wells, James E.; Arthur, Terrance M.; Nienaber, John A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Berry, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM elaine.berry@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 855 EP 864 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0222 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 492DA UT WOS:000269633500013 PM 19459757 ER PT J AU Rostagno, MH Hurd, HS McKean, JD AF Rostagno, Marcos H. Hurd, H. Scott McKean, James D. TI Split Marketing as a Risk Factor for Salmonella enterica Infection in Swine SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FINISHING PIG HERDS; SUBSP ENTERICA; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; ESTABLISHMENT; TYPHIMURIUM; NETHERLANDS; SEROVARS; ELISA AB On-farm reduction of Salmonella carriage prevalence in pigs requires the identification of risk factors to direct interventions development. This study was designed to determine if split marketing of finishing pigs constitutes a risk factor for Salmonella infections, by comparing Salmonella prevalence in the first group of pigs selected for harvest ("first pull'') versus the prevalence in the last group of pigs selected for harvest ("close out'') from multiple commercial finishing lots. Nine paired samplings were conducted consisting in matched groups of pigs from individual barns as the first pull and the close out with a 4-week interval between groups. From each group, fecal and meat samples were collected, on-farm and at harvest, respectively. Fecal samples were selectively enriched, and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella, whereas meat juice samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies against Salmonella. In 7/9 (77.8%) of the studied barns, an increase in Salmonella prevalence was observed, based on both bacteriologic and serologic analysis. Overall, there was an increase of 9.2% (p < 0.05) in bacteriologic prevalence, and 31.3% (p < 0.05) in serologic prevalence from first pull to close out groups. This study demonstrates that a significant increase in Salmonella prevalence occurs between the first and the last group of pigs harvested from finishing lots, with close out groups of market pigs posing a higher risk for Salmonella contaminations. C1 [Rostagno, Marcos H.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hurd, H. Scott; McKean, James D.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA USA. RP Rostagno, MH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, 125 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM marcos.rostagno@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 865 EP 869 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0309 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 492DA UT WOS:000269633500014 PM 19737062 ER PT J AU Poole, TL Byrd, JA Callaway, TR Nisbet, DJ AF Poole, Toni L. Byrd, J. Allen Callaway, Todd R. Nisbet, David J. TI Ecology of Enterococcus faecalis and Niche-Adapted or Non-Niche-Adapted Enterococcus faecium in Continuous-Flow Anaerobic Cultures SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; DETERMINANTS; BACTERIOCINS; MICROFLORA; PROBIOTICS; VIRULENCE; TYLOSIN AB An anaerobic continuous-flow culture of chicken gastrointestinal microflora (CCF) and pure cultures of Enterococcus faecalis I.2 were used for survivability studies of niche-adapted and non-niche-adapted Enterococcus faecium isolates. CCF eliminated non-CCF niche-adapted glycopeptide- resistant E. faecium 47 (GRE47) at a rate of 1.01 log(10) cfu/mL/day, whereas CCF niche-adapted E. faecium I.3(rif) survived in CCF at 4.5-6.5 log(10) cfu/mL. In continuous-flow monocultures of GRE47 (8.93 log(10) cfu/mL), the addition of 100mL (9.5% total volume) of CCF resulted in the displacement of GRE47 in 14 days at a rate of 0.66 log(10) cfu/mL/day. Pure continuous- flow cocultures were used to assess a direct inhibitory effect of E. faecalis I.2 on E. faecium isolates. In cocultures of E. faecalis I.2 and GRE47, GRE47 was eliminated from the culture at a rate of 1.24 log(10) cfu/mL/day. In cocultures of E. faecalis I.2 and E. faecium I.3(rif), the E. faecium I.3(rif) population fluctuated, but was 6.86 log(10) CFU/mL on day 21. A fit subset of the E. faecium I.3(rif) population survived in CCF and with E. faecalis I.2 alone. No subset of the non-niche-adapted E. faecium GRE47 was able to survive under the same conditions. The mechanism by which E. faecium I.3(rif) is tolerant in CCF, and in E. faecalis coculture is unknown. E. faecium I.3(rif) and GRE47 possessed the cell wall adhesion factor efaAfm. E. faecalis I.2 was positive by polymerase chain reaction for gelE, efaAfs, cad, ccf, cdp, and cob, but not the cytolysin-associated gene cylMAB, suggesting that the mechanism of activity against E. faecium strains was due to factors other than the two-component cytolysin. C1 [Poole, Toni L.; Byrd, J. Allen; Callaway, Todd R.; Nisbet, David J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Poole, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM poole@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 901 EP 906 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0296 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 492DA UT WOS:000269633500019 PM 19737066 ER PT J AU Crippen, TL Poole, TL AF Crippen, Tawni L. Poole, Toni L. TI Conjugative Transfer of Plasmid-Located Antibiotic Resistance Genes Within the Gastrointestinal Tract of Lesser Mealworm Larvae, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FOLSOMIA-CANDIDA COLLEMBOLA; CUTWORM PERIDROMA-SAUCIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RESERVOIR COMPETENCE; LABORATORY CULTURE; ERWINIA-HERBICOLA; DISEASE VIRUS; BACTERIA; SOIL; POULTRY AB The frequency of conjugative transfer of antimicrobial resistance plasmids between bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract of lesser mealworm larvae, a prevalent pest in poultry production facilities, was determined. Lesser mealworm larvae were exposed to a negative bacterial control, a donor Salmonella enterica serotype Newport strain, a recipient Escherichia coli, or both donor and recipient to examine horizontal gene transfer of plasmids. Horizontal gene transfer was validated post external disinfection, via a combination of selective culturing, testing of indole production by spot test, characterization of incompatibility plasmids by polymerase chain reaction, and profiling antibiotic susceptibility by a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Transconjugants were produced in all larvae exposed to both donor and recipient bacteria at frequencies comparable to control in vitro filter mating conjugation studies run concurrently. Transconjugants displayed resistance to seven antibiotics in our MIC panel and, when characterized for incompatibility plasmids, were positive for the N replicon and negative for the A/C replicon. The transconjugants did not display resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, which were associated with the A/C plasmid. This study demonstrates that lesser mealworm larvae, which infest poultry litter, are capable of supporting the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes and that this exchange can occur within their gastrointestinal tract and between different species of bacteria under laboratory conditions. This information is essential to science-based risk assessments of industrial antibiotic usage and its impact on animal and human health. C1 [Crippen, Tawni L.; Poole, Toni L.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Crippen, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM tc.crippen@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 907 EP 915 DI 10.1089/fpd.2008.0260 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 492DA UT WOS:000269633500020 PM 19425825 ER PT J AU Falk, B AF Falk, Bob TI Wood as a Sustainable Building Material SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Falk, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 59 IS 9 BP 6 EP 12 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 515VF UT WOS:000271500300002 ER PT J AU Buehlmann, U Schuler, A AF Buehlmann, Urs Schuler, Al TI The US household furniture industry: Status and opportunities SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Over the past two decades, large sections of the domestic residential upholstered and nonupholstered furniture industry have relocated manufacturing operations to offshore countries with lower production costs. As a consequence, the U.S. market share of imported, nonupholstered wood household furniture has risen from 19 percent in 1992 to 64 percent in 2008 and imported, upholstered household furniture rose from 5 to 28 percent over the same period. While the U.S. furniture industry has struggled over the last two decades, current economic developments may provide the industry with an opportunity to alter its' fortunes as circumstantial evidence exist that some of the competitive advantages of offshore producers are weakening. For example, production costs in offshore manufacturing locations and transportation costs are increasing, the value of the U.S. Dollar is diminishing against trade partners' currencies, and the public perception on trade is growing less favorable. Also, some observers indicate that mass customized and green furniture will offer advantages for domestic furniture manufacturers. The authors argue that these ongoing changes in the global economy may have created an opportunity for domestic manufacturers to strengthen their competitive position and regain some of the losses incurred over the past two decades. C1 [Buehlmann, Urs] Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Schuler, Al] US Forest Serv, USDA, Princeton, WV USA. RP Buehlmann, U (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM buehlmann@gmail.com; aschuler@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station Forest Sciences Laboratory in Princeton, West Virginia, Virginia Tech; Virginia Cooperative Extension, Blacksburg, Virginia FX The authors thank Gavin Wherry, Graduate Student at Virginia Tech for his valuable support in gathering data. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This research was supported by the USDA Forest Service's Northern Research Station Forest Sciences Laboratory in Princeton, West Virginia, Virginia Tech, and Virginia Cooperative Extension, Blacksburg, Virginia. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 59 IS 9 BP 20 EP 28 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 515VF UT WOS:000271500300004 ER PT J AU Kessler, WB AF Kessler, Winifred B. TI Revisiting forestry's crystal ball SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; forests and climate change; forests and global warming; forest biofuels; forest management trends; sustainable forestry AB This paper revisits 3 broad predictions about forestry's future presented by the author in 1993: the growing importance of products that come from forests, forests increasingly valued for more than the sum of their products and uses, and better appreciation of forests as complex ecological systems controlled by forces larger than humans. These predictions have played out in more dramatic ways than initially envisioned, driven in part by 3 emergent forces: the energy crisis, the ascension of new economic superpowers, and climate change. Examples of these trends and relationships are examined from Canadian and United States contexts. C1 US Forest Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Kessler, WB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, POB 21628, Juneau, AK USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 710 EP 714 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 515FA UT WOS:000271451800018 ER PT J AU Wu, DY Guo, ZY Ren, ZH Guo, WM Meydani, SN AF Wu, Dayong Guo, Zhuyan Ren, Zhihong Guo, Weimin Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Green tea EGCG suppresses T cell proliferation through impairment of IL-2/IL-2 receptor signaling SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Green tea; EGCG; Immune function; T cells; Interleukin-2 ID NF-KAPPA-B; VITAMIN-E; PROTEASOME INHIBITORS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GENE-EXPRESSION; IFN-GAMMA; IN-VITRO; POLYPHENOLS; EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE; GALLATE AB Studies have suggested a benefit of consuming green tea in promoting general health and reducing the risk of certain diseases. However, little is known about the effect of green tea on immune function. In this study we determined the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major active component of tea, on proliferation of spleen cells isolated from C57BL mice. Results showed that T cell proliferation was inhibited by EGCG at physiologically relevant concentrations of 2.5 to 10 mu M EGCG at these concentrations did not induce cytotoxicity or apoptosis. Oxidative stress is not likely to be responsible for the EGCG-induced suppression of T cell proliferation because H(2)O(2) generation was not significantly different between the cultures supplemented with 1 to 10 mu M EGCG and control and catalase did not prevent this EGCG-induced inhibition. Further mechanistic studies showed that EGCG dose dependently inhibited T cell division and cell cycle progression. EGCG supplementation resulted in lower IL-2 receptor expression and higher IL-2 accumulation, suggesting an impeded IL-2/IL-2 receptor signaling. These results indicate that EGCG supplementation may be beneficial to those with abnormally excessive T cell function such as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, but caution should be taken when it is administered at high doses to those with compromised T cell function. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Dayong; Guo, Zhuyan; Ren, Zhihong; Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Guo, Weimin] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wu, DY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM dayong.wu@tufts.edu; simin.meydani@tufts.edu RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009 OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK040561, P30 DK040561-14] NR 44 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 47 IS 5 BP 636 EP 643 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.001 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 483VF UT WOS:000268995900020 PM 19501156 ER PT J AU Nagy, M Kerr, BJ Ziemer, CJ Ragauskas, AJ AF Nagy, Mate Kerr, Brian J. Ziemer, Cherie J. Ragauskas, Arthur J. TI Phosphitylation and quantitative P-31 NMR analysis of partially substituted biodiesel glycerols SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Glycerol; Phosphitylation; P-31 NMR; Transesterification ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; OIL AB The main step during biodiesel production is the catalytic transesterification of triglycerides. Glycerol and fatty acids are by-products of the biodiesel production and considered as contaminants in the final product. By selectively measuring the amount of fatty acids and glycerol with different substitution levels, the yield of this step and the quality of the final biodiesel can be determined. This study examines the application of phosphitylation of glycerol hydroxyl groups with 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane followed by P-31 NMR analysis to provide a rapid quantitative analytical technique for the determination of substitution patterns on partially esterified glycerols, alcohols and the detection of fatty acids. P-31 NMR chemical shift data was established with a series mono and di-substituted esters of glycerol, fatty acids and alcohols, then utilized to characterize commercial glycerol and biodiesel samples. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nagy, Mate; Ragauskas, Arthur J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kerr, Brian J.; Ziemer, Cherie J.] ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ragauskas, Arthur J.] Chalmers, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Ragauskas, AJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, 500 10th St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM Art.Ragauskas@chemistry.gatech.edu OI Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X FU PSE; Fulbright Fellowship FX The authors would like to thank the PSE Fellowship program at IPST at GT for financial support and the Fulbright Fellowship for A.J. Ragauskas Chair in Alternative Energy. Portions of this work were used by M. Nagy as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD at the Georgia Institute of Technology. National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the AG Processing Inc. are also acknowledged for the biodiesel samples and the glycerol samples and conventional testing, respectively. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and do not imply recommendations or endorsement by the USDA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD SEP PY 2009 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1793 EP 1797 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.01.020 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 464TW UT WOS:000267531100035 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Williams, A Haas, MJ McCormick, RL AF Moser, Bryan R. Williams, Aaron Haas, Michael J. McCormick, Robert L. TI Exhaust emissions and fuel properties of partially hydrogenated soybean oil methyl esters blended with ultra low sulfur diesel fuel SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Diesel fuel; Exhaust emissions; Fatty acid methyl esters; Physical properties; Soybean oil methyl esters ID ENGINE PERFORMANCE; BIODIESEL FUELS; OXYGENATED FUEL; COMBUSTION; PETRODIESEL; STRATEGIES; COMPONENTS; ADDITIVES; IMPROVER AB Important fuel properties and emission characteristics of blends (20 vol.%) of soybean oil methyl esters (SME) and partially hydrogenated SME (PHSME) in ultra low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) were determined and compared with neat ULSD. The following changes were observed for B20 blends of SME and PHSME versus neat ULSD: improved lubricity, higher kinematic viscosity and cetane number, lower sulfur content, and inferior low-temperature properties and oxidative stability. With respect to exhaust emissions, B20 blends of PHSME and SME exhibited lower PM and CO emissions in comparison to those of neat ULSD. The PHSME blend also showed a significant reduction in THC emissions. Both SME and PHSME B20 blends yielded small increases in NO(x) emissions. The reduction in double bond content of PHSME did not result in a statistically significant difference in NO(x) emissions versus SME at the B20 blend level. The test engine consumed a greater amount of fuel operating on the SME and PHSME blends than on neat ULSD, but the increase was smaller for the PHSME blend. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moser, Bryan R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Williams, Aaron; McCormick, Robert L.] US DOE, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, ReFUEL Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Haas, Michael J.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov RI McCormick, Robert/B-7928-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Cummins, Inc. FX The authors wish to thank Mark Matlock and the staff of Archer Daniels Midland Company for providing partially hydrogenated soybean oil, and Benetria N. Banks (USDA ARS NCAUR) and Pamela S. Fox (USDA ARS ERRC) for excellent technical assistance. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory acknowledges the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program. Loan of the engine by Cummins, Inc. is gratefully acknowledged. NR 54 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1122 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.05.004 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 497QU UT WOS:000270076500010 ER PT J AU Rashid, U Anwar, F Knothe, G AF Rashid, Umer Anwar, Farooq Knothe, Gerhard TI Evaluation of biodiesel obtained from cottonseed oil SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cottonseed oil; Transesterification; Biodiesel; Gas chromatography; NMR; Fuel properties ID ALKALI-CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION; VEGETABLE-OILS; FRYING OIL; DIESEL-ENGINE; FATTY ESTERS; RAPESEED OIL; FUEL; OPTIMIZATION; TALLOW; PETRODIESEL AB Esters from vegetable oils have attracted a great deal of interest as substitutes for petrodiesel to reduce dependence on imported petroleum and provide a fuel with more benign environmental properties. In this work biodiesel was prepared from cottonseed oil by transesterification with methanol, using sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide and potassium methoxide as catalysts. A series of experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the effects of reaction variables such as methanol/oil molar ratio (3:1-15:1), catalyst concentration (0.25-1.50%), temperature (25-65 degrees C), and stirring intensity (180-600 rpm) to achieve the maximum yield and quality. The optimized variables of 6:1 methanol/oil molar ratio (mol/mol), 0.75% sodium methoxide concentration (wt.%), 65 degrees C reaction temperature, 600 rpm agitation speed and 90 min reaction time offered the maximum methyl ester yield (96.9%). The obtained fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The fuel properties of cottonseed oil methyl esters (COME), cetane number, kinematic viscosity, oxidative stability, lubricity,cloud point, pour point, cold filter plugging point, flash point, ash content, sulfur content, acid value, copper strip corrosion value, density. higher heating value, methanol content, free and bound glycerol were determined and are discussed in the light of biodiesel standards such as ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rashid, Umer; Anwar, Farooq] Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Chem & Biochem, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. [Rashid, Umer] Govt Coll Univ, Dept Ind Chem, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan. [Knothe, Gerhard] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Anwar, F (reprint author), Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Chem & Biochem, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. EM umer.rashid@yahoo.com; fqanwar@yahoo.com RI Rashid, Umer/C-9986-2011 OI Rashid, Umer/0000-0001-6224-413X FU Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan FX Grant supports by the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan under International Research Initiative Support Program (IRSIP) scheme are highly acknowledged. The authors are also grateful to Muhammad Aamir from Attock Refinery Limited (ARL), Rawalpindi, Pakistan and Kevin R. Steidley (USDA/ARS/NCAUR) for technical assistance as well as Dr. Karl Vermillion (USDA/ARS/NCAUR) for obtaining the NMR spectra. NR 41 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 90 IS 9 BP 1157 EP 1163 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.05.016 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 497QU UT WOS:000270076500015 ER PT J AU Wu, JX McCarty, JC Saha, S Jenkins, JN Hayes, R AF Wu, Jixiang McCarty, Jack C. Saha, Sukumar Jenkins, Johnie N. Hayes, Russell TI Genetic changes in plant growth and their associations with chromosomes from Gossypium barbadense L. in G. hirsutum L SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Plant height; Developmental genetics; Chromosome substitution line; Chromosome association ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; SEGMENT SUBSTITUTION LINES; DEVELOPMENTAL BEHAVIOR; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; TILLER NUMBER; UPLAND COTTON; RICE; YIELD; EVOLUTION AB Cotton (Gossypium spp.) plant growth is an important time-specific agronomic character that supports the development of squares, flowers, boll retention, and yield. With the use of a mixed linear model approach, we investigated 14 cotton chromosome substitution (CS-B) lines and their chromosome-specific F(2) hybrids for genetic changes in plant growth that was measured during the primary flowering time under two environments. The changes in additive and dominance variances for plant height and number of mainstem nodes are reported, showing that additive effects for these two traits were a key genetic component after initial flowering occurred in the field. Time-specific genetic variance components were also detected where phenotypic values observed at time t were conditioned on the events occurring at time t - 1, demonstrating new genetic variations arising at several time intervals during plant growth. Results also revealed that plant height and number of nodes shared some common influence due to additive effects during plant development. With the comparative analyzes, chromosomes associated with the genetic changes in plant growth were detected. Therefore, these results should add new understanding of the genetics underlying these time-specific traits. C1 [Wu, Jixiang] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [McCarty, Jack C.; Saha, Sukumar; Jenkins, Johnie N.; Hayes, Russell] ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Wu, JX (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Jixiang.wu@ars.usda.gov; jack.mccarty@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD SEP PY 2009 VL 137 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s10709-008-9350-y PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 475AI UT WOS:000268326400006 PM 19153810 ER PT J AU Eckert, AJ Wegrzyn, JL Pande, B Jermstad, KD Lee, JM Liechty, JD Tearse, BR Krutovsky, KV Neale, DB AF Eckert, Andrew J. Wegrzyn, Jill L. Pande, Barnaly Jermstad, Kathleen D. Lee, Jennifer M. Liechty, John D. Tearse, Brandon R. Krutovsky, Konstantin V. Neale, David B. TI Multilocus Patterns of Nucleotide Diversity and Divergence Reveal Positive Selection at Candidate Genes Related to Cold Hardiness in Coastal Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CONTROLLING ADAPTIVE TRAITS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; SUBDIVIDED POPULATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ALLOZYME VARIATION; WESTERN OREGON; SITE-FREQUENCY; LOBLOLLY-PINE AB Forest trees exhibit remarkable adaptations to their environments. The genetic basis for phenotypic adaptation to climatic gradients has been established through a long history of common garden, provenance, and genecological studies. The identities of genes underlying these traits, however, have retrained elusive and thus so have the patterns of adaptive molecular diversity in forest tree genomes. Here, we report an analysis of diversity and divergence for a set of 121 cold-hardiness candidate genes in coastal Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii). Application of several different tests for neutrality, including those that incorporated demographic models, revealed signatures of selection consistent with selective sweeps at three to eight loci, depending upon the severity of a bottleneck event and the method used to detect selection. Given the high levels of recombination, these candidate genes are likely to be closely linked to the target of selection if not the genes themselves. Putative homologs in Arabidopsis act primarily to stabilize the plasma membrane and protect against denaturation of proteins at freezing temperatures. These results indicate that surveys of nucleotide diversity and divergence, when framed within the context of further association trapping experiments, will come full circle with respect: to their utility in the dissection of complex phenotypic traits into their genetic components. C1 [Neale, David B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eckert, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jermstad, Kathleen D.; Neale, David B.] US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. [Krutovsky, Konstantin V.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Mail Stop 6, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Wegrzyn, Jill/B-3328-2010; Eckert, Andrew/E-4788-2011; Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012; OI Eckert, Andrew/0000-0002-6522-2646; Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084; Wegrzyn, Jill/0000-0001-5923-0888 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Plant Genome [04-712-0084] FX The authors thank F. Thomas Ledig for contributing bigcone Douglas fir seeds, Valerie Hipkins and her staff at National Forest Genetics Laboratory for performing the DNA extractions, Katie Tsang and Jacqueline Silver for helping to obtain sequence data, and Jeff Ross-Ibarra for helpful discussion about demographic inference. The manuscript was much improved by comments from two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this project was made available through a U.S. Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Plant Genome grant (04-712-0084). NR 75 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 22 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2009 VL 183 IS 1 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1534/genetics.109.103895 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 523IT UT WOS:000272067000026 PM 19596906 ER PT J AU French, C Periman, R Cummings, LS Hall, S Goodman-Elgar, M Boreham, J AF French, Charles Periman, Richard Cummings, Linda Scott Hall, Stephen Goodman-Elgar, Melissa Boreham, Julie TI Holocene Alluvial Sequences, Cumulic Soils and Fire Signatures in the Middle Rio Puerco Basin at Guadalupe Ruin, New Mexico SO GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; HISTORY; LANDSCAPES; EVOLUTION; FORESTS; DRAINAGES; SEDIMENTS; MOUNTAIN AB We describe a geoarchaeological survey of a 5-km reach of the Rio Puerco channel and its tributaries, centered on the Guadalupe Ruin, a pueblo of the late 10th-12th centuries A.D. in north-central New Mexico, with associated pollen, charcoal, micromorphological, and radiocarbon analyses. Severe erosion has drastically bisected the Puerco valley with four primary arroyos entering the western side of the Guadalupe reach of the valley: Tapia, Salado, Guadalupe and "No Name." We recorded an 11-m-tall alluvial sequence marked by four phases of cumulic soil development, interrupted by six major periods of channel entrenchment that occurred at about 4100-3700 B.C. and 2900-2400 B.C., between 2200 B.C. and ca. A.D. 400, pre- and post-ca. A.D. 900-1300, and in the late A.D. 1800s. Relative floodplain stability and associated cumulic soil development occurred prior to ca. 5700 B.C., between ca. 2600 to 2200 B.C. and A.D. 350 and 550, and ca. A.D. 900-1300. Multiple signatures of fires (oxidized sediment and charcoal) were observed in the Arroyo Tapia tributary sequence, especially in deposits dated ca. 6000 and 2600 B.C. These fires may have helped to enhance food resources for game animals by encouraging grass and shrub growth and/or to increase the growth of wild plants and eventually cultigens such as maize. Palynological evidence of maize in the Arroyo Tapia, dated ca. 2600-2200 B.C. may be the earliest thus far identified in the Southwest. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [French, Charles] Univ Cambridge, Dept Archaeol, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, England. [Periman, Richard] USDA Forest Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Cummings, Linda Scott] Paleo Inst, Golden, CO USA. [Hall, Stephen] Redrock Geol Enterprise, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA. [Goodman-Elgar, Melissa] Washington State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Boreham, Julie] Earthslides, Julie Boreham, Reach CB25 0JF, Cambs, England. RP French, C (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Archaeol, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, England. EM caif2@cam.ac.uk OI French, Charles/0000-0001-7967-3248 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Cultural Heritage Research, Work Unit 4853, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, U.K.; Paleo Research Institute in Golden, Colorado FX This project was funded through two Research Joint Venture Agreements between the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Cultural Heritage Research, Work Unit 4853, Albuquerque, New Mexico, and the Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, U.K., and the Paleo Research Institute in Golden, Colorado. We would also like to thank Beta-Analytic Inc. for providing the comprehensive suite of radiocarbon dates, quid Jute Boreham of the Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, for making the thin sections, as well as for assistance in the field. David Redhouse, Matt Brudenell, Steve Hall, Ann-Maria Hart, Ivy Owens, Richard Periman, and Linda Scott; Cummings all provided illustrations, but the final figure production could not have been done without David Redhouse. Susan Smith of the Laboratory of Paleoecology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, is much thanked for doing the pollen and charcoal counts. Thanks also to the critical and constructive comments of the anonymous referees, and especially the assistance of Dr. Gary Huckleberry. NR 97 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0883-6353 J9 GEOARCHAEOLOGY JI Geoarchaeology PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 638 EP 676 DI 10.1002/gea.20278 PG 39 WC Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Geology GA 489DQ UT WOS:000269400400006 ER PT J AU Mackey, BH Roering, JJ McKean, JA AF Mackey, B. H. Roering, J. J. McKean, J. A. TI Long-term kinematics and sediment flux of an active earthflow, Eel River, California SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL MOVEMENT; BE-10; LANDSLIDE; SOILS AB Although earthflows are the dominant erosion mechanism in many mountainous landscapes, estimates of long-term earthflow-driven sediment flux remain elusive because landslide displacement data are typically limited to contemporary time periods. Combining high-resolution topography from airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging), total station surveying, orthorectified historical aerial photographs, and inventories of meteoric (10)Be in soil pits, we quantified similar to 150 years of slope movement on a 1.5-km-long earthflow in the Eel River catchment, northern California, United States. Using LiDAR-derived topography, we mapped the upper half of the earthflow into three distinct kinematic zones: an upslope source area, a long narrow transport zone, and a mid-slope compressional zone. From our air photo analysis (1944-2006), average velocities are fastest in the transport zone (1.7 m/a), slowest in the source zone (< 1 m/a), and decrease monotonically over the past 30 years in all three zones. Meteoric (10)Be inventories systematically increase with distance downslope of the source area, consistent with the notion that the elongate transport zone acts like a relatively undeformed soil conveyor that can be used to quantify long-term displacement. Because our (10)Be-derived transport zone velocity of 2.1 m/a averages over the past 150 years, pre-1944 velocities likely approached 2.5 m/a, suggesting that twentieth century land-use practices have not increased rates of sliding. Although our results reveal a progressive decline in velocity that may reflect exhaustion of readily mobilized source material, velocities temporarily increased in the mid-twentieth century due to major hydrologic events. Given an average velocity of 2 m/a, the Kekawaka earthflow is deflating its source area over 20 times faster than the regional erosion rate, emphasizing the localized and vigorous role of active earthflows in landscape evolution. C1 [Mackey, B. H.; Roering, J. J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [McKean, J. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Mackey, BH (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM bmackey@uoregon.edu RI McKean, Jim/C-3581-2011 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0447190]; Fulbright EQC Award in Natural Disaster Research from New Zealand FX This research was funded by National Science Foundation grant EAR-0447190 to Roering. Mackey was partially supported by the Fulbright EQC Award in Natural Disaster Research from New Zealand. The LiDAR data were acquired by the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM). John Stone, Greg Balco, and the University of Washington Cosmogenic Isotope Laboratory provided invaluable advice and assistance with 10Be processing. We thank Calvin and Wendy Stewart for field access and generous hospitality. Sean Bemis, Adam Booth, and Laura Stimely provided assistance with field surveying. Discussions with Harvey Kelsey enhanced our understanding of this spectacular landscape. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 37 IS 9 BP 803 EP 806 DI 10.1130/G30136A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 494KP UT WOS:000269812000012 ER PT J AU Fissore, C Giardina, CP Swanston, CW King, GM Kolka, RK AF Fissore, Cinzia Giardina, Christian P. Swanston, Christopher W. King, Gary M. Kolka, Randall K. TI Variable temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon in North American forests SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon quality; Q(10); radiocarbon; SOC decomposition; SOC fractionation; stable C; temperate forests ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ACID-HYDROLYSIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MATTER DYNAMICS; MINERAL CONTROL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NITROGEN; POOLS; TURNOVER; STABILIZATION AB We investigated mean residence time (MRT) for soil organic carbon (SOC) sampled from paired hardwood and pine forests located along a 22 degrees C mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient in North America. We used acid hydrolysis fractionation, radiocarbon analyses, long-term laboratory incubations (525-d), and a three-pool model to describe the size and kinetics of the acid insoluble C (AIC), active and slow SOC fractions in soil. We found that active SOC was 2 +/- 0.2% (mean +/- SE) of total SOC, with an MRT of 33 +/- 6 days that decreased strongly with increasing MAT. In contrast, MRT for slow SOC and AIC (70 +/- 6% and 27 +/- 6% of total SOC, respectively) ranged from decades to thousands of years, and neither was significantly related to MAT. The accumulation of AIC (as a percent of total SOC) was greater in hardwood than pine stands (36% and 21%, respectively) although the MRT for AIC was longer in pine stands. Based on these results, we suggest that the responsiveness of most SOC decomposition in upland forests to global warming will be less than currently modeled, but any shifts in vegetation from hardwood to pine may alter the size and MRT of SOC fractions. C1 [Fissore, Cinzia] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Giardina, Christian P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Swanston, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [King, Gary M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Fissore, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM fisso001@umn.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073 FU Northern, Southern and Pacific Southwest Research Stations of USDA Forest Service FX This research was funded by the Northern, Southern and Pacific Southwest Research Stations of USDA Forest Service. We thank Wendy Loya for help with C fractionation techniques, Margaret Torn for her support and insights on the application of radiocarbon techniques, and Tom Guilderson, Cristina Castana, Paula Zermeno, and Rachel Porras for assisting with sample preparation and radiocarbon analysis. We thank Christopher Barton and Carl Trettin for helping with logistics and soil sampling in KY and SC, and Jennifer Eikenberry and Noah Karberg for support with GC work. We also thank Melissa Porter and Christa Luokkala for their lab work. Finally, we thank three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 80 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 15 IS 9 BP 2295 EP 2310 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01903.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 479TQ UT WOS:000268684200014 ER PT J AU Labate, JA Robertson, LD Baldo, AM AF Labate, J. A. Robertson, L. D. Baldo, A. M. TI Multilocus sequence data reveal extensive departures from equilibrium in domesticated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE population genetics; nuclear SNP; linkage disequilibrium; introgression; selection; haplotype network ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS; CULTIVATED TOMATO; GENETIC-VARIATION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENUS LYCOPERSICON; RECOMBINATION RATE AB Limited genetic variation has been observed within tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), although no studies have extensively surveyed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity among tomato landraces. We estimated intraspecific DNA sequence variation by analyzing 50 gene fragments (23.2 kb) per plant in a 31 plant diversity panel. The majority of loci (80%) were polymorphic with the minor allele at a frequency of 10% or less for most (141 of 155) SNPs. Mean diversity as estimated by theta and pi was approximately 1.5 SNPs per kb. Significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between 19% of locus pairs, and within-locus population recombination estimates were negligible. We also sequenced 43 gene fragments from wild tomato Solanum arcanum Peralta as an outgroup. Various statistical tests rejected a neutral equilibrium model of molecular evolution at 10 of 50 loci. Rare, highly diverged alleles were observed, involving at least seven tomato lines and five loci. Some of these may represent introgressions that originated both from natural hybridization with Solanum pimpinellifolium L. and from crosses with S. pimpinellifolium and additional wild relatives for crop improvement. The former was reported from classical field studies carried out by CM Rick; the latter has been extensively documented in the crop, particularly for transfer of disease resistance alleles. Extensive introgression and frequent bottlenecks within S. lycopersicum will pose a challenge to reconstructing the genetic bases of domestication and selection using methods that rely on patterns of molecular polymorphism. Heredity ( 2009) 103, 257-267; doi: 10.1038/hdy.2009.58; published online 13 May 2009 C1 [Labate, J. A.; Robertson, L. D.; Baldo, A. M.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Labate, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, 630 W N St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM joanne.labate@ars.usda.gov FU CRIS [1907-21000-006-00D] FX We thank S Sheffer, W Lamboy, P Kisly, T Balch and K Timmer for excellent technical assistance. Dr D Spooner provided unpublished data for COSII markers, and Dr J Giovannoni provided primer sequences for rin. This work was funded by CRIS project 1907-21000-006-00D. NR 79 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD SEP PY 2009 VL 103 IS 3 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1038/hdy.2009.58 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 484UV UT WOS:000269074000011 PM 19436327 ER PT J AU Kurum, M Lang, RH O'Neill, PE Joseph, AT Jackson, TJ Cosh, MH AF Kurum, Mehmet Lang, Roger H. O'Neill, Peggy E. Joseph, Alicia T. Jackson, Thomas J. Cosh, Michael H. TI L-Band Radar Estimation of Forest Attenuation for Active/Passive Soil Moisture Inversion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment CY MAR 11-14, 2008 CL Florence, ITALY SP Ctr Telerilevamento Microonde, Inst Fisica Appl, GRSS, IEEE, IEEE Italy Sect, URSI, Thales Alenia, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze DE Attenuation; frequency correlation function (FCF); microwave transient response; soil moisture; vegetation ID ELECTROMAGNETIC BACKSCATTERING; POLARIMETRIC SCATTEROMETER; SYSTEM; SAR; SCATTERING; INVENTORY; MISSION; CANOPY; LAYER AB In the radiometric sensing of soil moisture through a forest canopy, knowledge of canopy attenuation is required. Active sensors have the potential of providing this information since the backscatter signals are more sensitive to forest structure. In this paper, a new radar technique is presented for estimating canopy attenuation. The technique employs details found in a transient solution where the canopy (volume-scattering) and the tree-ground (double-interaction) effects appear at different times in the return signal. The influence that these effects have on the expected time-domain response of a forest stand is characterized through numerical simulations. A coherent forest scattering model, based on a Monte Carlo simulation, is developed to calculate the transient response from distributed scatterers over a rough surface. The forest transient-response model for linear copolarized cases is validated with the microwave deciduous tree data acquired by the Combined Radar/Radiometer (ComRAD) system. The attenuation algorithm is applicable when the forest height is sufficient to separate the components of the radar backscatter transient response. The frequency correlation functions of double-interaction and volume-scattering returns are normalized after being separated in the time domain. This ratio simply provides a physically based system of equations with reduced parameterizations for the forest canopy. Finally, the technique is used with ComRAD L-band stepped-frequency data to evaluate its performance under various physical conditions. C1 [Kurum, Mehmet; Lang, Roger H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [O'Neill, Peggy E.; Joseph, Alicia T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Joseph, Alicia T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jackson, Thomas J.; Cosh, Michael H.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kurum, M (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM kurum@gwmail.gwu.edu; lang@gwu.edu; Peggy.E.Oneill@nasa.gov; Alicia.T.Joseph@nasa.gov; Tom.Jackson@ars.usda.gov; Michael.Cosh@usda.gov RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013; Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2009 VL 47 IS 9 SI SI BP 3026 EP 3040 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2026641 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 486WA UT WOS:000269230100005 ER PT J AU Wang, HH Looper, ML Johnson, ZB Rorie, RW Rosenkrans, CF AF Wang, Hehai Looper, Michael L. Johnson, Zelpha B. Rorie, Rick W. Rosenkrans, Charles F., Jr. TI Involvement of signaling pathways in bovine sperm motility, and effect of ergot alkaloids SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE Bovine; Ergot alkaloids; Signaling pathways; Relative sperm motility ID YEARLING BEEF BULLS; INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM; ANTAGONIST ACTIVITY; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; A2 RECEPTORS; IN-VITRO; CAPACITATION; ADENOSINE; RAT; DIHYDROERGOTAMINE AB There is evidence that ergot alkaloids can directly interact with mammalian spermatozoa affecting sperm functions. Ergot alkaloids exert their toxic or pharmaceutical effects through membrane receptor-mediated activities. This study investigated the signaling pathways involved in the in vitro inhibitory effects of both ergotamine (ET) and dihydroergotamine (DEHT) on the relative motility of bovine spermatozoa using specific inhibitors. Motile bovine spermatozoa were prepared using a Percoll gradient and incubated with ergot alkaloids with and without signaling pathway inhibitors. Co-incubation of ET or DHET with 100 mu M prazosin (alpha 1-adrenergic receptor inhibitor) decreased (p < 0.05) relative motility of spermatozoa when compared with controls. In addition, preincubation of spermatozoa with 10 or 20 mu M prazosin and DHET also reduced (p < 0.05) the number of motile spermatozoa. Relative sperm motility (motility of treated spermatozoa normalized to control sperm motility) was increased (p < 0.05) when co-incubations included ET and yohimbine (alpha 2-adrenergic receptor inhibitor); conversely, co-incubation of yohimbine (100 mu M) and DHET decreased (p < 0.05) the percentage of motile spermatozoa when compared with controls. Pertussis toxin and cholera toxin (effectors of inhibitory and stimulatory G-proteins, respectively) altered (p < 0.05) relative sperm motility in a concentration dependent manner; however, co-incubation of pertussis or cholera toxin with ergot alkaloids had no interactive (p = 0.83) effects on the relative motility of spermatozoa. Co-incubation of Rp-cAMP (a membrane-permeable cAMP inhibitor) with 50 mu M DHET had no effect (p > 0.05) on relative sperm motility; whereas, the co-incubation of 22.4 or 44.8 mu M Rp-cAMP with 50 mu M ET increased (p < 0.05) the percentage of motile spermatozoa when compared with 0 or 224 mu M Rp-cAMP (49%, 65%, 59%, and 54%, respectively, for 0, 22.4, 44.8, and 224 mu M of Rp-cAMP. An interaction between BAPTA-AM (a chelator of intracellular calcium) and alkaloids also impacted (p < 0.05) relative sperm motility. Generally, co-incubating spermatozoa with BAPTA-AM and ET increased the percentage of motile spermatozoa; however, co-incubation with DHET decreased relative sperm motility except with 41 mu M BAPTA-AM. Collectively, these observations suggest that ET and DHET decreased the percentage of motile bovine spermatozoa via alpha adrenergic receptors. However, the second messenger systems involved with ergot alkaloid inhibition of relative motility of bovine spermatozoa remain to be elucidated. C1 [Wang, Hehai; Johnson, Zelpha B.; Rorie, Rick W.; Rosenkrans, Charles F., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Looper, Michael L.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Rosenkrans, CF (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, B-107E AFLS Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM crosenkr@uark.edu NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 45 IS 8 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1007/s11626-009-9191-8 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 488AE UT WOS:000269320100010 PM 19452232 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Shah, SN Winkler-Moser, JK Vaughn, SF Evangelista, RL AF Moser, Bryan R. Shah, Shailesh N. Winkler-Moser, Jill K. Vaughn, Steven F. Evangelista, Roque L. TI Composition and physical properties of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) oils SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Cress; Field pennycress; Lepidium sativum; Physical properties; Phytosterols; Thlaspi arvense; Tocopherols; Vegetable oil ID SOYBEAN OIL; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; VEGETABLE-OILS; METHYL-ESTERS; SEED PROTEIN; BIODIESEL; TOCOPHEROLS; ANTIOXIDANT AB The fatty acid profiles and tocopherol and phytosterol contents of crude oils of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) are reported, along with yields from the corresponding seeds. The physical properties of these oils were also determined, which included oxidative stability, kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, low temperature fluidity, specific gravity, acid value, lubricity, and iodine value. The oil content of dried cress and field pennycress seeds was 22.7 and 29.0 wt%, respectively. The primary fatty acids found in cress oil were oleic (30.6 wt%) and linolenic acids (29.3 wt%), whereas field pennycress oil was principally composed of erucic (32.8 wt%) and linoleic (22.4 wt%) acids. Cress oil contained high concentrations of gamma- (1422 ppm) and delta- (356 ppm) tocopherols, whereas alpha-tocopherol (714 ppm) was the primary tocopherol discovered in field pennycress oil. The overall tocopherol concentrations of cress and field permycress oils were 1799 and 851 ppm, respectively. The primary phytosterols elucidated in cress and field permycress oils were sitosterol and campesterol, with avenasterol also present in significant quantity in cress oil. The total phytosterol concentration in cress oil (14.41 mg/g) was greater than that in field permycress (8.55 mg/g) oil. Field permycress oil exhibited excellent low temperature fluidity, whereas cress oil was more stable to oxidation and over a range of temperatures displayed lower kinematic viscosities as well as a higher viscosity index. The acid and iodine values of field permycress oil were lower than those for cress oil, but both oils had excellent lubrication properties. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moser, Bryan R.; Shah, Shailesh N.; Winkler-Moser, Jill K.; Vaughn, Steven F.; Evangelista, Roque L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 30 IS 2 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.03.007 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 485ZG UT WOS:000269164400005 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC Park, HS Mims, AGB Kuk, MS AF Beaulieu, J. C. Park, H. S. Mims, A. G. Ballew Kuk, M. S. TI Extension of green bell pepper shelf life using oilseed-derived lipid films from soapstock SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; Edible film; Lipid film; Oilseed; Postharvest; Shelf life extension; Water loss ID EDIBLE FILMS; MOISTURE PERMEABILITY; WAX MICROEMULSIONS; COATINGS; QUALITY; PERFORMANCE; COTTONSEED; PRODUCTS; CAKES; FOOD AB Edible films have been used for decades on fresh produce to create a semipermeable membrane on the surface to suppress respiration, control moisture loss, and more recently to provide a delivery mechanism for the inclusion of functional components. Scientists at the Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC) have previously demonstrated that a thin biodegradable film can be produced from soapstock, an underused byproduct from the vegetable oil industry. After physical and chemical treatments, a thin film was produced from various soapstocks (cottonseed and safflower). Different hydration ratios were tested since the initial soapstock solutions were rather viscous. To examine the potential use of an oilseed-derived lipid film for the extension of shelf life, different types of the oilseed-derived soapstocks were utilized to produce lipid films with different hydration ratios, and containing 0, 5, and 10% of paraffin wax for application on 'Camelot' bell peppers. Control bell peppers lost almost 25% weight per unit surface area (SA) in 78 h when stored under ambient conditions. Cottonseed film-coated peppers, hydrated at 1:4, lost only about 5% moisture per unit SA after 78 h and minimized weight loss by up to 79% compared to the control. However, since a 1:4 hydration ratio remained rather viscous, 1:8 was preferred and these cottonseed films reduced weight loss per unit SA by up to 48% during storage. Safflower-derived soapstock film resulted in the least effective water retention of the films and ratios tested, with roughly 21-25% reduction in weight loss per SA compared to controls. Safflower-derived soapstock was higher in unsaturated fatty acids, which are less efficient to control moisture migration because they are more polar than saturated lipid materials, as contained in cottonseed-derived materials. Addition of wax to the cottonseed-derived films decreased water loss slightly. similar to previous reports in the literature. An ANOVA supported the conclusion that the oilseed-derived lipid films significantly reduced moisture loss across the produce epidermis. To avoid potential allergenicity concerns in cottonseed soapstock, additional cleanup steps and tests with commonly used edible coating additives would be required before attaining food grade status. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Beaulieu, J. C.; Mims, A. G. Ballew; Kuk, M. S.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food Proc & Sensory Qual Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM John.Beaulieu@ars.usda.gov OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 30 IS 2 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.05.003 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 485ZG UT WOS:000269164400016 ER PT J AU Gawde, AJ Cantrell, CL Zheljazkov, VD AF Gawde, Archana J. Cantrell, Charles L. Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. TI Dual extraction of essential oil and podophyllotoxin from Juniperus virginiana SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Podophyllotoxin; Essential oil; Dual extraction; Juniperus virginiana; Cupressaceae ID EASTERN REDCEDAR; PELTATUM AB The leaves (needles) of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) contain two important natural products: essential oil and podophyllotoxin. The hypothesis of this study was that it may be possible to extract both essential oil and podophyllotoxin from the leaves of the tree, by using a dual extraction method. Podophyllotoxin was obtained from the leaves following steam distillation of the leaves to produce the essential oil, indicating that steam distillation did not degrade podophyllotoxin. Furthermore, a product with 6% purity podophyllotoxin was obtained from the steam-distilled plant material, demonstrating the possibility for the establishment of an industrially economic protocol for dual extraction of these two natural products. Our study demonstrated that J. virginiana leaves, currently a waste-product from the timber industry, could be sequentially extracted for essential oil and podophyllotoxin and utilized as a by-product instead. We also found that the J. virginiana heartwood (a traditional source for cedarwood essential oil) does not contain podophyllotoxin. This is the first study to report both podophyllotoxin and essential oil in J. virginiana, and the first report on the dual extraction of these two natural products from the same biomass samples. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Gawde, Archana J.; Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway 145 S, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu OI Gawde, Archana/0000-0002-6495-3850 FU USDA-NRI; Mississippi State University/MAFES FX Contribution of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Exp. Sta.journal article No J-11568. This study was supported in part by USDA-NRI project "American mayapple and eastern red cedar as domestic sources for the anti-cancer compound podophyllotoxin", and Mississippi State University/MAFES project "Bioprospecting for anti-cancer compound podophyllotoxin". Authors thank the MAFES for continuous support. Authors also thank Amber Callahan for assistance with quantitative analysis. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 30 IS 2 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.05.005 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 485ZG UT WOS:000269164400017 ER PT J AU Buboltz, AM Nicholson, TL Weyrich, LS Harvill, ET AF Buboltz, Anne M. Nicholson, Tracy L. Weyrich, Laura S. Harvill, Eric T. TI Role of the Type III Secretion System in a Hypervirulent Lineage of Bordetella bronchiseptica SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTION; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE TOXIN; FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; MEDIATED CLEARANCE; VIRULENCE FACTORS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PERTUSSIS; HOST; EVOLUTION; EXPRESSION AB Despite the fact that closely related bacteria can cause different levels of disease, the genetic changes that cause some isolates to be more pathogenic than others are generally not well understood. We use a combination of approaches to determine which factors contribute to the increased virulence of a Bordetella bronchiseptica lineage. A strain isolated from a host with B. bronchiseptica-induced disease, strain 1289, was 60-fold more virulent in mice than one isolated from an asymptomatically infected host, strain RB50. Transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that the type III secretion system (TTSS) genes were more highly expressed by strain 1289 than strain RB50. Compared to strain RB50, strain 1289 exhibited greater TTSS-mediated cytotoxicity of a mammalian cell line. Additionally, we show that the increase in virulence of strain 1289 compared to that of RB50 was partially attributable to the TTSS. Using multilocus sequence typing, we identified another strain from the same lineage as strain 1289. Similar to strain 1289, we implicate the TTSS in the increased virulence of this strain. Together, our data suggest that the TTSS is involved in the increased virulence of a B. bronchiseptica lineage which appears to be disproportionately associated with disease. These data are consistent with the view that B. bronchiseptica lineages can have different levels of virulence, which may contribute to this species' ability to cause different severities of respiratory disease. C1 [Buboltz, Anne M.; Weyrich, Laura S.; Harvill, Eric T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Buboltz, Anne M.; Weyrich, Laura S.] Penn State Univ, Grad Program Biochem Microbiol & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nicholson, Tracy L.] ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Harvill, ET (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, 115 Henning Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM harvill@psu.edu OI Weyrich, Laura/0000-0001-5243-4634 FU NIH [AI 053075, AI 065507, GM083113] FX This work was supported by NIH grants AI 053075, AI 065507, and GM083113 ( E. T. H.). The authors declare no conflicting financial interests. NR 63 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 77 IS 9 BP 3969 EP 3977 DI 10.1128/IAI.01362-08 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 496CV UT WOS:000269947200048 PM 19596779 ER PT J AU Bobe, G Peterson, JJ Gridley, G Hyer, M Dwyer, JT Brown, LM AF Bobe, Gerd Peterson, Julia J. Gridley, Gloria Hyer, Marianne Dwyer, Johanna T. Brown, Linda Morris TI Flavonoid consumption and esophageal cancer among black and white men in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE case-control study; esophageal adenocarcinoma; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; flavonoids; proanthocyanidins ID DIETARY POLYPHENOLS; TEA POLYPHENOLS; RISK; PREVENTION; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; ISOFLAVONES; GENISTEIN; THERAPY; DISEASE; TRACT AB Flavonoids and proanthocyanidins are bioactive polyphenolic components of fruits and vegetables that may account for part of the protective effect of raw fruit and vegetable consumption in esophageal cancer. We studied the relationship between esophageal cancer and dietary proanthocyanidins, flavonoids and flavonoid subclasses (anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols and isoflavonoids) using recently developed USDA and Tufts flavonoid and proanthocyanidin databases. The study was a population-based, case-control analysis of 161 white men with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), 114 white and 218 black men with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 678 white and 557 black male controls who lived in 3 areas of the United States. Neither total flavonoid nor proanthocyanidin intake was associated with EAC and ESCC in either white or black men. In white men, inverse associations were observed between anthocyanidin intake and EAC (4th vs. 1st quartile odds ratio [OR], 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.91; p(trend) = 0.04) and between isoflavonoid intake and ESCC (4th vs. 1st quartile OR, 0.43, 95% CI, 0.20-0.93; p(trend) = 0.01). None of the associations remained significant after adjusting for dietary fiber, which is strongly correlated with flavonoid consumption. We conclude that total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins do not have strong protective effects in either EAC or ESCC. Some protective effects were evident in flavonoid subclasses and population subgroups. In white men, foods rich in anthocyanidins may have chemopreventive effects in EAC and those rich in isoflavonoids may do so in ESCC. (C) 2009 UICC C1 [Bobe, Gerd] NCI, Lab Canc Prevent, Ctr Canc Res, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Bobe, Gerd] NCI, Canc Prevent Fellowship Program, Off Prevent Oncol, Natl Inst Hlth, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Peterson, Julia J.; Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Gridley, Gloria; Brown, Linda Morris] NCI, Biostat Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Hyer, Marianne] Informat Management Serv Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts Med Ctr, Dept Med,Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Brown, Linda Morris] RTI Int, Rockville, MD USA. RP Bobe, G (reprint author), NCI, Lab Canc Prevent, Ctr Canc Res, Bldg 576,Room 110, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM gb246f@nih.gov OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD [N01CP51090, N01CP51099, N01CP51092, N01CN05225, N01CN31022, N01CN05227]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-35200-17259] FX Grant sponsor: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (Public Health Service contract); Grant number: N01CP51090, N01CP51099, N01CP51092, N01CN05225, N01CN31022, N01CN05227. Grant sponsor: USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; Grant number: 2006-35200-17259. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 125 IS 5 BP 1147 EP 1154 DI 10.1002/ijc.24421 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 477HI UT WOS:000268509500019 PM 19444905 ER PT J AU Azzi, A AF Azzi, Angelo TI The Global Network for Molecular and Cell Biology (MCBN) SO IUBMB LIFE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Azzi, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM angelo.azzi@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1521-6543 J9 IUBMB LIFE JI IUBMB Life PD SEP PY 2009 VL 61 IS 9 BP 865 EP 870 DI 10.1002/iub.236 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 490DN UT WOS:000269478200001 PM 19585558 ER PT J AU Hawkes, WC Alkan, Z Wong, K AF Hawkes, Wayne Chris Alkan, Zeynep Wong, Kenneth TI Selenium Supplementation Does Not Affect Testicular Selenium Status or Semen Quality in North American Men SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sperm motility; nutrition; cancer chemoprevention ID HYDROPEROXIDE GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; SPERM MOTILITY; HEALTHY-MEN; SEASONAL-VARIATION; MALE-FERTILITY; AGE; BLOOD; RATS; ASSOCIATION; PERFORMANCE AB Selenium (Se) is essential for sperm function and male fertility, but high Se intake has been associated with impaired semen quality. We reported previously a decrease in sperm motility in men fed high-Se foods, but we could not rule out the influence of other environmental and dietary factors. We now report on a randomized, controlled study on the potential adverse effects of Se supplementation on semen quality in 42 free-living men administered Se (300 mu g/d) as high-Se yeast for 48 weeks. Semen analysis was performed 4 times before treatment began, then twice each week during treatment at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks, and then after treatment at 72 and 96 weeks. Blood samples were collected 3 times before treatment and at each subsequent visit. Se concentration increased 61% in blood plasma and 49% in seminal plasma. However, Se supplementation had no effect on sperm Se, serum androgen concentrations, or sperm count, motility, progressive velocity, or morphology. We observed progressive decreases in serum luteinizing hormone, semen volume, and sperm Se in both the high-Se and placebo groups. Moreover, sperm straight-line velocity and percent normal morphology increased in Se-treated and placebo-treated participants. The lack of an increase in sperm Se suggests that testicular Se stores were unaffected, even though the participants' dietary Se intake was tripled and their total body Se approximately doubled by supplementation. These results are consistent with animal studies showing the Se status of testes to be unresponsive to dietary Se intake. C1 [Hawkes, Wayne Chris; Alkan, Zeynep; Wong, Kenneth] Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hawkes, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wayne.hawkes@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service [5306-51530-014-00D] FX Supported by US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Project 5306-51530-014-00D. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 30 IS 5 BP 525 EP 533 DI 10.2164/jandrol.108.006940 PG 9 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 487KP UT WOS:000269273100006 PM 19342701 ER PT J AU Sa, OG Vilela, ER Geary, TW Vasconcelos, JLM AF Sa Filho, O. G. Vilela, E. R. Geary, T. W. Vasconcelos, J. L. M. TI Strategies to improve fertility in postpartum multiparous Bos indicus cows submitted to a fixed-time insemination protocol with gonadotropin-releasing hormone and prostaglandin F-2 alpha SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anestrous; Bos indicus; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; progesterone-releasing intravaginal insert; prostaglandin F-2 alpha; timed artificial insemination ID SUCKLED BEEF-COWS; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; INTRAVAGINAL PROGESTERONE; MELENGESTROL ACETATE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; OVULATORY FOLLICLE; PREGNANCY RATES; CALF REMOVAL AB In Exp. 1, we evaluated the effects of 2 lengths of progesterone exposure [CIDR (controlled intravaginal drug release); 7 vs. 14 d] before a modified CO-Synch protocol [50.0-mu g injection of GnRH 6.5 d before a 25.0-mg injection of PGF(2 alpha) followed by another injection of GnRH and fixed-time AI (TAI) 2 d after PGF(2 alpha)], with or without temporary weaning (TW) before GnRH treatments, on fertility of suckled multiparous Bos indicus cows (n = 283) and on calf performance. Timed AI pregnancy rates for cows receiving 7 d CIDR + TW, 7 d CIDR, 14 d CIDR + TW, and 14 d CIDR were 53, 47, 46, and 41%, respectively (P > 0.10). Calves submitted to two 48-h TW 6 d apart had decreased mean BW at 240 d (187.9 +/- 2.7 vs. 195.5 +/- 2.7 kg; P < 0.05), but BW at 420 d was not affected by TW (240.1 +/- 5.1 kg). In Exp. 2, we evaluated the effect of no treatment and treatment with or without a CIDR insert between GnRH and PGF(2 alpha) treatments of a modified CO-Synch protocol on pregnancy rate to TAI, and throughout a 90-d breeding season in suckled multiparous Bos indicus cows (n = 453). The inclusion of a CIDR between first GnRH and PGF(2 alpha) treatments of a modified CO-Synch protocol did not improve pregnancy rate (29 and 33% for cows receiving CO-Synch + CIDR and CO-Synch protocol, respectively), and cycling cows had poorer TAI pregnancy rates than anestrous cows treated with either synchronization protocol (21.7 vs. 40.7%; P < 0.05). However, regardless of treatment with CIDR, cows submitted to TAI protocol had greater (P < 0.05) pregnancy rates at 30 (54.8 vs. 11.2%), 60 (72.1 vs. 38.8%), and 90 d (82.0 vs. 57.9%) of breeding season than untreated cows. C1 [Sa Filho, O. G.; Vilela, E. R.; Vasconcelos, J. L. M.] UNESP, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Anim Prod, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. [Geary, T. W.] ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Vasconcelos, JLM (reprint author), UNESP, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Anim Prod, P 18618-000, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. EM vasconcelos@fca.unesp.br RI Vasconcelos, Jose Luiz Moraes /C-1483-2012 OI Vasconcelos, Jose Luiz Moraes /0000-0001-6324-3614 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 87 IS 9 BP 2806 EP 2814 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-1926 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 495YV UT WOS:000269933300008 PM 19420229 ER PT J AU Ngwa, AT Dawson, LJ Puchala, R Detweiler, GD Merkel, RC Wang, Z Tesfai, K Sahlu, T Ferrell, CL Goetsch, AL AF Ngwa, A. T. Dawson, L. J. Puchala, R. Detweiler, G. D. Merkel, R. C. Wang, Z. Tesfai, K. Sahlu, T. Ferrell, C. L. Goetsch, A. L. TI Effects of breed and diet on growth and body composition of crossbred Boer and Spanish wether goats SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE body composition; diet; goat ID X SPANISH; GROWING GOATS; FEED-INTAKE; MEAT GOATS; AD-LIBITUM; PERFORMANCE; PROTEIN; REQUIREMENTS; MAINTENANCE; DOELINGS AB Sixty growing 3/4 Boer x 1/4 Spanish (BS) and Spanish (SP) wethers were used to determine influences of diet and breed on growth and body composition. A pelleted 50% concentrate diet (CD) and a diet based on grass hay (HD) were fed for ad libitum intake. Six wethers of each breed were slaughtered at 0 wk (total of 12). Six wethers of each diet-breed combination were slaughtered at 14 and 28 wk (24 per time) after consumption of the CD or HD. Initial BW of fed wethers were 21.6 and 18.8 kg for BS and SP, respectively (SEM = 0.7). Average daily gain during the entire experiment was influenced by an interaction (P < 0.05) between breed and diet (199, 142, 44, and 50 g/d for BS: CD, SP: CD, BS: HD, and SP: HD, respectively). Carcass mass was greater (P < 0.05) for CD vs. HD (56.2, 56.2, 53.2, and 54.0% of empty BW for BS: CD, SP: CD, BS: HD, and SP: HD, respectively). Mass of the liver (2.11, 1.92, 2.00, and 1.98% of empty BW; SEM = 0.05) and gastrointestinal tract (5.50, 4.83, 8.43, and 8.36% of empty BW for BS: CD, SP: CD, BS: HD, and SP: HD, respectively; SEM = 0.16) tended (P < 0.07) to be influenced by an interaction between breed and diet. Mass of internal fat (12.2, 12.1, 3.4, and 3.4% empty BW for BS:CD, SP:CD, BS:HD, and SP:HD, respectively; SEM = 0.3) differed (P < 0.05) between diets. Energy in the carcass (320, 236, 87, and 79 MJ), noncarcass tissues (318, 237, 77, and 72 MJ), and empty body (638, 472, 164, and 150 MJ) ranked (P < 0.05) BS:CD > SP:CD > BS:HD and SP:HD. Empty body concentration of protein was 18.3, 17.5, 18.3, and 19.7% (SEM = 0.3) and of fat was 24.0, 23.4, 10.8, and 10.3% for BS:CD, SP:CD, BS:HD, and SP:HD, respectively (SEM = 0.6). Energy concentration in accreted tissue was 17.0, 18.7, 16.3, and 6.4 MJ/kg for CD:wk 1 to 14, CD:wk 15 to 28, HD:wk 1 to 14, and HD:wk 15 to 28, respectively (SEM = 1.4). In conclusion, relatively high growth potential of growing Boer crossbred goats with a moderate to high nutritional plane does not entail a penalty in realized growth when the nutritional plane is low. Body composition of growing Boer and Spanish goats is fairly similar regardless of growth rate. For growing meat goats other than with a prolonged limited nutritional plane, an average energy concentration in accreted tissue is 17.3 MJ/kg. C1 [Ngwa, A. T.; Dawson, L. J.; Puchala, R.; Detweiler, G. D.; Merkel, R. C.; Wang, Z.; Tesfai, K.; Sahlu, T.; Goetsch, A. L.] Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Dawson, L. J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Ferrell, C. L.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Langston Univ, Amer Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. EM goetsch@luresext.edu FU USDA [03-3881413923] FX This project was supported by USDA Project Number 03-3881413923. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 87 IS 9 BP 2913 EP 2923 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-1835 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 495YV UT WOS:000269933300021 PM 19465505 ER PT J AU Kemp, CM King, DA Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Kemp, C. M. King, D. A. Shackelford, S. D. Wheeler, T. L. Koohmaraie, M. TI The caspase proteolytic system in callipyge and normal lambs in longissimus, semimembranosus, and infraspinatus muscles during postmortem storage SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE callipyge; calpastatin; caspase; proteolysis; tenderness ID MEAT QUALITY TRAITS; CROSS-TALK; PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; CALPAIN INHIBITOR; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SHEAR FORCE; MU-CALPAIN; TENDERNESS; CALPASTATIN AB The objective of this experiment was to determine whether the caspase proteolytic system has a role in postmortem tenderization. Six ewes and 6 wethers that were noncarriers and 6 ewes and 6 wethers that were expressing the callipyge gene were used for this study. Caspase activities were determined in LM at 7 different time points during the postmortem storage period: 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 2 d, 7 d, and 21 d and in semimembranosus (SM) and infraspinatus (IS) muscles at 0 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 7 d from callipyge and noncallipyge (normal) lambs. Calpastatin activity was determined at 0 h, 2 d, 7 d, and 21 d and slice shear force measured at 2, 7, and 21 d in the LM. Calpastatin activity and slice shear force were greater in LM from callipyge lambs than normal lambs at each time point (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Caspases 3 and 7 are executioner caspases, and their combined activity was found to decrease during the postmortem storage period in LM, SM, and IS muscles from callipyge and normal lambs. Similarly, activity of the initiator caspase (caspase 9) decreased (P < 0.05) in all 3 muscles across the postmortem storage period in callipyge and normal lambs, and its decrease in activity preceded that of the executioner caspases 3/7. A positive relationship also was detected between caspase 9 and caspase 3/7 in LM, SM, and IS muscles (P < 0.0001, r = 0.85, r = 0.86, r = 0.84, respectively), which is consistent with caspase 9 being responsible for the cleavage and activation of the executioner caspases (caspase 3/7) downstream. Caspase 3/7 and caspase 9 activities at 8 h in SM were greater in normal lamb than callipyge lamb (P < 0.05), with a trend for caspase 3/7 activity to be greater at 24 h postmortem (P = 0.0841). There also was a trend for caspase 3/7 activity to be greater in LM at 21 d in normal lamb than in callipyge lamb (P = 0.053), although there were no differences detected in caspase activities between genotypes in the IS muscle, which is not affected by the callipyge gene. A negative relationship also was detected between peak caspase 3/7 activity at 8 h in LM from normal lambs and calpastatin activity at 0 and 2 d (r = -0.65, r = -0.68, respectively, P < 0.05). This relationship was not observed in LM from callipyge lambs, suggesting that caspase 3/7 may be cleaving calpastatin in normal lambs but the level of calpastatin in callipyge lambs is such that caspase 3/7 cannot degrade it sufficiently to overcome the increased content of calpastatin, and thus, calpastatin activity is the overriding factor in postmortem proteolysis in these animals. There was no direct evidence from this study that caspases have a significant role in postmortem tenderization, but they may have some role through calpastatin degradation. C1 [Kemp, C. M.; King, D. A.; Shackelford, S. D.; Wheeler, T. L.; Koohmaraie, M.] ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wheeler, TL (reprint author), ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Tommy.Wheeler@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 87 IS 9 BP 2943 EP 2951 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-1790 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 495YV UT WOS:000269933300024 PM 19420232 ER PT J AU King, DA Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Pfeiffer, KD Nickelson, R Koohmaraie, M AF King, D. A. Wheeler, T. L. Shackelford, S. D. Pfeiffer, K. D. Nickelson, R. Koohmaraie, M. TI Effect of blade tenderization, aging time, and aging temperature on tenderness of beef longissimus lumborum and gluteus medius SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aging; beef; blade tenderization; tenderness temperature ID WARNER-BRATZLER SHEAR; PALATABILITY CHARACTERISTICS; STEAKS; MUSCLE; PH; COOKING; STORAGE; RETAIL; MEAT; MYOFIBRILS AB Purveyors are concerned about the potential food safety risk of nonintact meat products and are seeking strategies to ensure adequate meat tenderness without blade tenderization. This study was conducted to determine the effects of blade tenderization and time and temperature of aging on beef longissimus lumborum (LL) and gluteus medius (GM) tenderness. Beef strip loins (n = 300) and top sirloin butts (n = 300) were assigned to storage at -0.5 or 3.3 degrees C for 12, 26, or 40 d. Cuts were blade tenderized (BT) or not blade tenderized (NBT) before steak cutting. One 2.54-cm steak from each subprimal was used for slice shear force determination and Western blotting of desmin. Desmin degradation was less (P < 0.05) in LL stored at -0.5 degrees C than LL stored at 3.3 degrees C (57 and 65%, respectively). Aging from 12 to 26 d increased (P < 0.05) proteolysis (50 to 65%) in LL. Regardless of aging time, BT reduced (P < 0.05) LL slice shear force values. Aging time did not affect (P > 0.05) slice shear force values of BT LL steaks (10.4, 9.9, and 9.4 kg for 12, 26, and 40 d aging, respectively), but reduced (P < 0.05) NBT steak slice shear force values (15.1, 13.8, and 12.3 kg for 12, 26, and 40 d aging, respectively). Greater temperature did not affect (P > 0.05) slice shear force values of BT LL steaks (10.2 and 9.6 kg for steaks aged at -0.5 and 3.3 degrees C, respectively), but improved (P < 0.05) slice shear force of NBT LL steaks (15.1 and 12.4, respectively). Aging at 3.3 degrees C increased (P < 0.05) proteolysis in GM steaks (43 and 54% for -0.5 and 3.3 degrees C, respectively). Longer aging times increased (P < 0.05) proteolysis (40, 46, and 60% for 12, 26, and 40 d aging, respectively) in GM steaks. Blade-tenderized GM steaks had dramatically less (P < 0.05) slice shear force values than NBT steaks (13.7 and 19.9 kg, respectively). Raising aging temperature from -0.5 to 3.3 degrees C reduced (17.6 vs. 16.0 kg; P < 0.05) and increasing aging time from 12 d to 40 d improved (17.9 vs. 15.2 kg; P < 0.05) slice shear force values of GM steaks. Blade tenderization and increased aging time and temperature all improved tenderness of beef LL and GM steaks, though blade tenderization provided greater improvements than increased aging time and temperature. Longer aging could potentially be used to replace blade tenderization for LL steaks, but not in GM steaks. C1 [King, D. A.; Wheeler, T. L.; Shackelford, S. D.; Koohmaraie, M.] ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Pfeiffer, K. D.; Nickelson, R.] Standard Meat Co, Saginaw, TX 76179 USA. RP King, DA (reprint author), ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM andy.king@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU University of Iowa, Department of Biological Science, Iowa City [N01-HD-7-3263]; NICHD FX Mention of trade names, proprietary products, or specified equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. Anti-desmin (clone D3) was developed by D. A. Fischman and obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank maintained by the University of Iowa, Department of Biological Science, Iowa City 52242, under contract N01-HD-7-3263 from the NICHD. The authors are grateful to Patty Beska, Peg Ekeren, Kathy Mihm, and Pat Tammen (US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE) for their assistance in the execution of this experiment and to Marilyn Bierman (US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE) for her secretarial assistance. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 87 IS 9 BP 2952 EP 2960 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-1803 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 495YV UT WOS:000269933300025 PM 19465491 ER PT J AU Duckett, SK Neel, JPS Fontenot, JP Clapham, WM AF Duckett, S. K. Neel, J. P. S. Fontenot, J. P. Clapham, W. M. TI Effects of winter stocker growth rate and finishing system on: III. Tissue proximate, fatty acid, vitamin, and cholesterol content SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; fatty acid; forage; proximate ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; BEEF QUALITY; RUMINAL BIOHYDROGENATION; NUTRIENT COMPOSITION; E SUPPLEMENTATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; LIPID STABILITY; SUNFLOWER-OIL; VACCENIC ACID AB Angus-cross steers (n = 198; 270 kg of BW; 8 mo) were used in a 3-yr study to assess the effects of winter stocker growth rate and finishing system on LM proximate, fatty acid, cholesterol, vitamin, and mineral composition. During the winter months (December to April), steers were randomly allotted to 3 stocker growth rates: low (0.23 kg/d), medium (0.45 kg/d), or high (0.68 kg/d). At the completion of the stockering phase, steers were allotted randomly within each stocker growth rate to a high concentrate (CONC) or pasture (PAST) finishing system and finished to an equal time endpoint. Winter stocker growth rate did not alter (P > 0.05) proximate, cholesterol, or vitamin content of the LM. All interactions among winter stocker growth rate and finishing system were nonsignificant, indicating that supplementation systems during winter stocker period did not influence beef composition after finishing on PAST or CONC. Finishing steers on CONC decreased (P < 0.001) moisture content of the LM and increased (P < 0.001) lipid content of the LM. Protein, ash, and cholesterol content of the LM did not differ (P > 0.05) between finishing systems. a-Tocopherol and beta-carotene content of the LM were 288 and 54% greater, respectively, for PAST-finished cattle than CONC. B-vitamins, thiamine and riboflavin, were also present in greater (P = 0.001) concentrations for PAST than CONC. Calcium, Mg, and K contents of the LM were greater (P < 0.05) for PAST than CONC. Total fatty acid content of the LM was 49% less for PAST than CONC. Myristoleic, palmitoleic, and oleic acid concentrations were all less (P = 0.001) for PAST than CONC. Trans-10 octadecenoic acid percentage in LM was 97% greater (P = 0.001) for CONC than PAST; conversely, trans-11 vaccenic acid percentage in the LM was 90% greater (P = 0.001) for PAST than CONC. Conjugated linoleic acid, cis-9, trans-11 isomer, percentage was greater (P = 0.001) by 117% for PAST than CONC. Linoleic acid (C18:2) concentration did not differ (P > 0.05) among PAST and CONC. Concentrations of all n-3 fatty acids (linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic) were greater (P = 0.01) for PAST than CONC. Total n-6 PUFA percentages were unchanged (P > 0.05) among finishing systems. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids was 4.84 for CONC and 1.65 for PAST. Beef from CONC finished has a greater total, saturated, and monounsaturated fat content; in contrast, beef from PAST finished has less total, saturated, and monounsaturated fat content with greater contents of n-3 fatty acids and a decreased n-6 to n-3 ratio. Beef from PAST finished also has greater contents of B-vitamins and antioxidants (vitamin E and beta-carotene). C1 [Duckett, S. K.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Neel, J. P. S.; Clapham, W. M.] ARS, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Fontenot, J. P.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Duckett, SK (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sducket@clemson.edu NR 49 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 87 IS 9 BP 2961 EP 2970 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-1850 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 495YV UT WOS:000269933300026 PM 19502506 ER PT J AU Spiehs, MJ Varel, VH AF Spiehs, M. J. Varel, V. H. TI Nutrient excretion and odorant production in manure from cattle fed corn wet distillers grains with solubles SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE distillers grain; feedlot cattle; nitrogen; odor; phosphorus; sulfur ID AMMONIA EMISSIONS; BEEF-CATTLE; PHOSPHORUS HOMEOSTASIS; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; DIETARY PHOSPHORUS; CALCIUM-METABOLISM; ODOROUS COMPOUNDS; SUPPLEMENTAL FAT; SALIVA SECRETION; SPECIAL EMPHASIS AB Twenty-four cross bred steers (BW 452.5 +/- 15.5 kg) were used to evaluate nutrient excretion and odorous compounds in urine and feces of feed-lot steers fed diets containing corn wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS). Cattle were weighed, blocked by BW, and assigned randomly to 1 of 4 dry-rolled corn-based diets containing 0, 20, 40, or 60% WDGS (DM basis). A 96-h total fecal and urine collection was conducted. Orts, feces, and urine were collected daily. Samples were analyzed for moisture, total N, total P, water soluble P, and total S. Fresh fecal samples were collected at the end of the balance trial for analysis of VFA, phenol, p-cresol, indole, skatole, ammonia-N, and lactate concentration. Total P, N, and S intake increased linearly as the amount of WDGS increased in the diet (P = 0.02). Total P excretion increased linearly (P < 0.01), attributed to a significant linear increase in urinary P excretion as the amount of WDGS increased in the diet (P = 0.02). Water-soluble P excretion in feces was similar for cattle fed all 4 diets (P = 0.11). Total N excretion increased linearly as dietary WDGS inclusion increased (P < 0.01) and was due to a linear increase in urinary N excretion (P < 0.01). Total S excretion also increased as WDGS concentration increased in the diet (P < 0.01). Dietary treatment did not affect the concentration of odorous compounds in urine (P = 0.07). Total VFA concentration in feces decreased as WDGS increased in the diet (P < 0.01), but branched-chained VFA concentrations (isobutyrate and isovalerate) and phenol in feces increased when WDGS replaced corn in the diet (P = 0.04). There was no difference in the concentration of the other aromatic compounds (p-cresol, indole, skatole) in feces from cattle fed the 4 dietary treatments (P = 0.09). This study indicates that feedlot cattle fed increasing amounts of WDGS had increased P, N, and S intake and excretion, which may contribute to the production of odorous compounds (primarily long-and branched-chain VFA, and phenol) as well as increased ammonia and H2S emissions from the feedlot. Increased P concentration in livestock waste will increase the amount of land necessary to utilize manure P. Because of increased urinary P excretion, producers should consider environmental implications of liquid runoff from the feedlot surface as well as solid manure when WDGS are fed to feedlot cattle. C1 [Spiehs, M. J.; Varel, V. H.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Spiehs, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM mindy.spiehs@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 87 IS 9 BP 2977 EP 2984 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1584 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 495YV UT WOS:000269933300028 PM 19502500 ER PT J AU Roberts, AJ Geary, TW Grings, EE Waterman, RC MacNeil, MD AF Roberts, A. J. Geary, T. W. Grings, E. E. Waterman, R. C. MacNeil, M. D. TI Reproductive performance of heifers offered ad libitum or restricted access to feed for a one hundred forty-day period after weaning SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; feed level; growth; heifer development; pregnancy; puberty ID REPLACEMENT BEEF HEIFERS; SUBSEQUENT REPRODUCTION; DIFFERENT BREEDS; MILK-PRODUCTION; PUBERTY; WEIGHT; GROWTH; ESTRUS; GAIN; AGE AB Reproductive performance was evaluated in composite heifers born over a 3-yr period that were randomly assigned to control (fed to appetite; n = 205) or restricted (fed at 80% of that consumed by controls adjusted to a common BW basis; n = 192) feeding for a 140-d period, beginning about 2 mo after weaning at 6 mo of age and ending at about 12.5 mo of age. Heifers were fed a diet of 67% corn silage, 18% alfalfa, and 9% of a protein-mineral supplement (DM basis). Restricted heifers consumed 27% less feed over the 140 d and had less ADG (0.53 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.65 +/- 0.01 kg/d; P < 0.001) than control heifers. After 140 d, all heifers were placed in common pens and subjected to an estrous synchronization protocol to facilitate AI at about 14 mo of age. Heifers were then exposed to bulls for the remainder of a 51-d breeding season. Average BW of heifers diverged within 28-d after initiation of feed restriction, and differences (P < 0.001) persisted through the prebreeding period (309 +/- 1 vs. 326 +/- 1 kg at approximately 13.5 mo of age) and subsequent grazing season (410 +/- 2 vs. 418 +/- 2 kg at about 19.5 mo of age). From the end of the 140-d restriction at about 12.5 to 19.5 mo of age, ADG was greater (P < 0.001) in restricted heifers than control heifers (0.51 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.47 +/- 0.01 kg/d). Proportion of heifers attaining puberty by 14 mo of age tended to be less (P = 0.1) in restricted (60 +/- 3%) than control-fed heifers (68 +/- 3%). Mean BW at puberty was less (P < 0.01) in restricted (309 kg) than control (327 kg) heifers. Pregnancy rate from AI tended to be less (P = 0.08) in restricted (48 +/- 4%) than control heifers (57 +/- 3%). Proportion of animals that were pubertal at breeding and pregnant from AI were positively associated (P < 0.1) with heifer age and ADG from birth to beginning of study. Final pregnancy rates were 87 and 91% for restricted and control heifers, respectively (P = 0.27). Day of breeding season that conception occurred was negatively associated with ADG from birth to weaning (P = 0.005), but was not associated with ADG within treatment (P = 0.60). Economic analysis revealed a $33 reduction in cost to produce a pregnant heifer under the restricted protocol when accounting for pregnancy rates and differences in BW and market prices between selection at weaning and marketing as open heifers at 1.5 yr of age. A potential economic advantage exists for rearing replacement heifers on a restricted level of feeding during the postweaning period. C1 [Roberts, A. J.; Geary, T. W.; Grings, E. E.; Waterman, R. C.; MacNeil, M. D.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Roberts, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM andy.roberts@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 87 IS 9 BP 3043 EP 3052 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1476 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 495YV UT WOS:000269933300035 PM 19465497 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Edu, J AF Shelly, T. E. Edu, J. TI Capture of mass-reared vs. wild-like males of Ceratitis capitata (Dipt., Tephritidae) in trimedlure-baited traps SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE male lure; Mediterranean fruit fly; pest detection; sterile males; trapping ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES; STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; FLY DIPTERA; OLFACTORY RESPONSE; FIELD; COURTSHIP; BEHAVIOR; SUPPRESSION; ATTRACTION; DROSOPHILA AB The sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used to suppress or eradicate infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), an insect whose broad polyphagy poses a serious threat to fruit and vegetable crops. The SIT involves the production, sterilization and release of sterile insects to obtain sterile male by wild female matings, thus yielding infertile eggs. Mass-rearing over many generations is known to produce dramatic changes in the behaviour and life history of C. capitata. This study investigated the possibility that mass-rearing also alters male response to trimedlure, a sex-specific attractant widely used in detection and monitoring programmes. We compared captures of released males from a mass-reared strain and a recently established colony of wild flies in trimedlure-baited Jackson traps at three spatial scales - open field, large field enclosures (75 m(2)) and small field cages (7 m(2)) - in two separate years. In the first year, males were used independently of flight ability, while in the second year only males with demonstrated flight capability were used. Trap capture was scored 2 days after release for the open field and the large field enclosures but either 1 h or 1 day after release in the small field cages. The findings were consistent across these different experiments: wild-like males were captured in significantly greater numbers than mass-reared males in both years of study, except in the trials lasting 1 day in the small field cages where significantly more wild than mass-reared males were captured in 1 year but not the other. These results are compared with other studies, and their implications for SIT are discussed. C1 [Shelly, T. E.; Edu, J.] USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 133 IS 8 BP 640 EP 646 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01414.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 483RP UT WOS:000268985800008 ER PT J AU Zou, W Frye, JG Chang, CW Liu, J Cerniglia, CE Nayak, R AF Zou, W. Frye, J. G. Chang, C. -W. Liu, J. Cerniglia, C. E. Nayak, R. TI Microarray analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica from preharvest poultry environment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial resistance genes; hierarchical analysis; microarray; poultry; Salmonella; turkey ID DNA MICROARRAY; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAY; TECHNOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PATHOGENS; BACTERIA; SEROVARS; DESIGN AB Aims: To detect antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from turkey flocks using the microarray technology. Methods and Results: A 775 gene probe oligonucleotide microarray was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes in 34 isolates. All tetracycline-resistant Salmonella harboured tet(A), tet(C) or tet(R), with the exception of one Salmonella serotype Heidelberg isolate. The sul1 gene was detected in 11 of 16 sulfisoxazole-resistant isolates. The aadA, aadA1, aadA2, strA or strB genes were found in aminoglycoside-resistant isolates of Salm. Heidelberg, Salmonella serotype Senftenberg and untypeable Salmonella. The prevalence of mobile genetic elements, such as class I integron and transposon genes, in drug-resistant Salmonella isolates suggested that these elements may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in the preharvest poultry environment. Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated a close relationship between drug-resistant phenotypes and the corresponding antimicrobial resistance gene profiles. Conclusions: Salmonella serotypes isolated from the poultry environment carry multiple genes that can render them resistant to several antimicrobials used in poultry and humans. Significance and Impact of the Study: Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in environmental Salmonella isolates could be identified efficiently by microarray analysis. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the data was also found to be a useful tool for analysing emerging patterns of drug resistance. C1 [Zou, W.; Cerniglia, C. E.; Nayak, R.] US FDA, Div Microbiol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Frye, J. G.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Chang, C. -W.] US FDA, Div Personalized Nutr & Med, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Liu, J.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Nayak, R (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res HFT 250, Div Microbiol, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM Rajesh.Nayak@fda.hhs.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 FU West Virginia University; US Department of Health and Human Services FX The authors thank Dr Brett Kenney from West Virginia University for providing the Salmonella strains. The authors thank Jennifer Bauer-Turpin and Jonathan Cudnik (USDA) for their technical assistance. The authors are grateful to Drs Charlene Jackson, John Sutherland, James Fuscoe and Saeed A. Khan for critical reading of this manuscript. Wen Zou acknowledges support of a fellowship from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, administered through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the US Food and Drug Administration. The use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Food and Drug Administration, United States Department of Agriculture or US Department of Health and Human Services. The findings and conclusions in this manuscript do not necessarily represent the views of the Food and Drug Administration or the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 107 IS 3 BP 906 EP 914 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04270.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 481ZY UT WOS:000268854000021 PM 19320942 ER PT J AU McReynolds, JL Genovese, KJ He, H Swaggerty, CL Byrd, JA Ricke, SC Nisbet, DJ Kogut, MH AF McReynolds, J. L. Genovese, K. J. He, H. Swaggerty, C. L. Byrd, J. A. Ricke, S. C. Nisbet, D. J. Kogut, M. H. TI Alfalfa as a nutritive modulator in maintaining the innate immune response during the molting process SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE molting; Salmonella; chicken; alternative diet; immunology ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; WHITE LEGHORN HENS; NONFEED REMOVAL METHODS; LAYING HENS; CHICKEN HETEROPHILS; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; OXIDATIVE BURST; EGG INDUSTRY; FORCED MOLT AB Forced molting of laying hens increases enteric foodborne pathogens in the reproductive tract, leading to contaminated eggs and progeny of infected hens. Currently, we lack a complete understanding of how conditions such as molting affect the immune system. Previous reports have shown that alfalfa is effective in inducing a molt as well as in producing protection against Salmonella Enteritidis organ invasion. Our laboratory has also shown that immune functions are significantly reduced during molting. The present investigation evaluates a specific parameter of immune function, heterophil function, during an induced molt in hens fed alfalfa. Three replicate experiments used hens older than 65 wk of age that were divided into 6 groups of 12 hens each and placed in individual laying cages. Two weeks before dietary changes, hens were placed on an 8L:16D photoperiod that continued for the 12-d experiment. Peripheral blood samples were taken from hens on d 0, 2, 6, and 12 of molt. Hells were randomly placed into 3 treatment groups: nonfed hens, fully fed hens, and alfalfa-fed hens. To evaluate heterophil functions, the production of an oxidative burst as well as cellular degranulation assays were performed. In addition, total and differential peripheral blood leukocyte counts were performed. When compared with the nonfed control, alfalfa-fed birds showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher oxidative burst and degranulation activities. The data confirm previous observations that heterophil functions are significantly decreased in nonfed birds and the data show that birds fed alfalfa had numerically increased heterophil functions over a 12-d molting period when compared with heterophils of nonfed controls. Commercial integrators should consider using alfalfa when developing new molting programs. C1 [McReynolds, J. L.; Genovese, K. J.; He, H.; Swaggerty, C. L.; Byrd, J. A.; Nisbet, D. J.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Ricke, S. C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP McReynolds, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM jackson.mcreynolds@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 410 EP 417 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00044 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 490FG UT WOS:000269483500002 ER PT J AU Loar, RE Srinivasan, R Kidd, MT Dozier, WA Corzo, A AF Loar, R. E., II Srinivasan, R. Kidd, M. T. Dozier, W. A., III Corzo, A. TI Effects of elutriation and sieving processing (Elusieve) of distillers dried grains with solubles on the performance and carcass characteristics of male broilers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE distillers dried grains with solubles; Elusieve; broiler ID TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; AMINO-ACIDS; AVAILABILITY; CHICK; MEAL AB A technique combining elutriation (air classification) and sieving was developed to remove some of the fiber component of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Herein, DDGS were sieved into 4 different sizes: large, medium, small, and pan. Fiber was removed from the 3 largest sizes by elutriation via an aspirator, whereby air was blown through the different size categories at a predetermined velocity as the product was falling from the sifter, through the aspirator, and into a collection container. This air movement resulted in a portion of the lighter fiber component being blown into a separate chamber of the respirator and thus into a separate container. The DDGS product obtained by mixing the material that underwent this procedure was called "big DDGS." The pan material, which was in the smallest size category, has a lower fiber concentration and thus underwent no elutriation (pan DDGS). Four different dietary treatments with 12 replicates each were fed to Ross x Ross 308 male broilers from hatch until 42 d of age. A corn- and soybean meal-based diet without DDGS served as the control (treatment 1); treatment 2 had conventional DDGS included at a concentration of 8% (unmodified DDGS); treatment 3 consisted of 8% big DDGS inclusion (partially modified DDGS, PMD), and the fourth treatment consisted of 8% pan DDGS (ED). Final BW was observed to be superior for the birds fed the ED-based diets compared with the BW of those birds fed the control diet and the PMD-based diet. However, contrast analysis showed a significant difference in BW (P = 0.08), with birds fed ED-based diets exhibiting higher BW compared with birds fed unmodified DDGS-based diets. Feed intake was numerically higher for birds fed ED-based diets compared with all other treatments and was significantly greater for birds fed ED-based diets vs. those fed PMD-based diets for the 0- to 42-d period. No other differences were found in bird performance or carcass traits. Results showed some improvement of DDGS via the use of this technology, judging by a marginal improvement in final BW. C1 [Loar, R. E., II; Kidd, M. T.; Corzo, A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Srinivasan, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Corzo, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM acorzo@poultry.msstate.edu FU Corn Marketing Program of Michigan FX This work was possible through the financial support of the Corn Marketing Program of Michigan. The authors express their thanks to Ajinomoto Heartland Inc. for the AA analysis of the grower phase experimental diets. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 494 EP 500 DI 10.3382/japr.2008-00125 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 490FG UT WOS:000269483500013 ER PT J AU Klasson, KT Lima, IM Boihem, LL AF Klasson, K. T. Lima, I. M. Boihem, L. L., Jr. TI Poultry manure as raw material for mercury adsorbents in gas applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE activated carbon; poultry manure; mercury adsorption; gas application ID GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBONS; NATURAL-GAS; ADSORPTION; LITTER; COAL AB The quantity of poultry manure generated each year is large, and technologies that take advantage of the material should be explored. At the same time, increased emphasis on the reduction of mercury emissions from coal-fired electric power plants has resulted in environmental regulations that may, in the future, require application of activated carbons as mercury sorbents. The sorbents could be injected into the flue gas stream, where they could adsorb the mercury. The sorbents (now containing mercury) would be removed via filtration or other means from the flue gas. Our preliminary work has demonstrated that activated carbon made from poultry manure can adsorb mercury from air with good efficiency. In laboratory experiments, an activated carbon made from turkey cake manure removed the majority of elemental mercury from a hot air stream. Other activated carbons made from chicken and turkey litter manure were also efficient. In general, unwashed activated carbons made from poultry manure were more efficient in removing mercury than their acid-washed counterparts. The results suggest that the adsorption of mercury was mainly due to chemisorption on the surface of the carbon. Other potential uses for the activated carbons are the removal of mercury from air and natural gas. C1 [Klasson, K. T.; Lima, I. M.; Boihem, L. L., Jr.] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Klasson, KT (reprint author), USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM thomas.klasson@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 562 EP 569 DI 10.3382/japr.2009-00011 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 490FG UT WOS:000269483500021 ER PT J AU Green, AR Wesley, I Trampel, DW Xin, H AF Green, A. R. Wesley, I. Trampel, D. W. Xin, H. TI Air quality and bird health status in three types of commercial egg layer houses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ammonia; temperature; Campylobacter; Salmonella; high-rise; manure belt; cage-free ID DIFFERENT HOUSING SYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; LAYING HENS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; BROILER-CHICKENS; POULTRY HOUSES; RISK-FACTORS; FREE-RANGE; CAMPYLOBACTER; PREVALENCE AB In this field observational Study, 3 types of laying-hen houses, namely, high-rise (HR), manure-belt (MB), and cage-free floor-raised (FR), were monitored for air temperature, RH, CO(2), and atmospheric NH(3) under winter and Summer conditions in Iowa. Under winter conditions, the HR and MB houses had more comfortable temperature and NH(3) levels (mean 24.6 and 20.6 degrees C, and maximum 9 to 24 ppm of NH(3), respectively) than the FR houses (mean 15.5 degrees C and maximum 85 to 89 ppm of NH3, respectively), and house temperature varied more with Outside conditions. Under Summer conditions, house temperature showed the least increase above ambient in the FR houses (mean 0.3 degrees C vs. 4.7 and 1.2 degrees C for the MB and HR houses, respectively), and NH(3) levels were similar for all housing types (mean 3 to 9 ppm). Examination of the lien health status revealed differences in pathogen prevalence between housing systems for winter and summer, but not conclusively in favor of one system over another. Results of this study indicate that the benefits of each system were season dependent. Further monitoring of the environment, bird health, and production performance over an extended period (e.g., 1 yr) to quantify the benefits and limitations of each system is warranted. Information of this nature will aid in optimizing hen housing systems for enhanced bird welfare and sustained production efficiency for the egg industry. C1 [Green, A. R.; Xin, H.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wesley, I.] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Trampel, D. W.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Xin, H (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM angelag@illinois.edu OI Green, Angela/0000-0003-3404-4995 FU Iowa Egg Council (Urbandale, IA) FX We thank the egg producers for allowing us to access their flocks; Wayne Muraoka (USDA, NADC) for his technical expertise in the isolation and identification of Campylobacter and Salmonella; Roxanne Taylor (USDA, NADC) for conducting a portion of the statistical analyses; Rachel Pinney for technical assistance; and Debra Palmquist (USDA, Midwest area statistician) for completing the statistical analyses. We also acknowledge Juliano Severo, Jofran Oliviera, and John Short (Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University) for contributions to the collection of environmental data. Financial support of the study was provided in part by the Iowa Egg Council (Urbandale, IA). NR 37 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 24 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 605 EP 621 DI 10.3382/japr.2007-00086 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 490FG UT WOS:000269483500027 ER PT J AU Pasnik, DJ Evans, JJ Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA Yeh, HY AF Pasnik, David J. Evans, Joyce J. Klesius, Phillip H. Shoemaker, Craig A. Yeh, Hung-Yueh TI Pathogenicity of Streptococcus ictaluri to Channel Catfish SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; INIAE; TILAPIA; INFECTION; BROODSTOCK; AGALACTIAE; FISHES; BASS AB The pathogenicity of a Streptococcus ictaluri isolate in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus at the fry (0.5 g), fingerling (15 g), and juvenile (55 g) stages was determined by experimental bath immersion and injection experiments. Channel catfish were exposed in I-L immersion baths containing 10(8), 10(9), 10(10), 10(11), or 10(12) colony-forming units (cfu) of S. ictaluri. Fish were also injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL of bacterial solution for final doses of 10(4), 10(5), 10(6), 10(7), or 10(8) cfu of S. ictaluri per fish. Streptococcus ictaluri caused mortality in fry, fingerling, and juvenile channel catfish within 21 d postinfection. When mortalities were calculated based on size and challenge route, the cumulative percent mortalities were 11% for fry and 0% for fingerlings by the bath immersion route and 14% for fingerlings and 6% for juveniles by the injection route. Isolation of S. ictaluri from moribund and dead catfish was continued by the newly established BIOLOG profile (Micro-Log3 system). The results indicate that channel catfish were only susceptible to high concentrations of S. ictaluri and that juvenile channel catfish were less susceptible, possibly explaining why little mortality has been attributed to S. ictaluri infection in catfish aquaculture. C1 [Pasnik, David J.; Evans, Joyce J.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. [Klesius, Phillip H.; Shoemaker, Craig A.; Yeh, Hung-Yueh] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pasnik, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 118 B Lynchburg St, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM david.pasnik@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2009 VL 21 IS 3 BP 184 EP 188 DI 10.1577/H08-051.1 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 524ND UT WOS:000272149100009 PM 20043405 ER PT J AU Browning, DM Archer, SR Byrne, AT AF Browning, D. M. Archer, S. R. Byrne, A. T. TI Field validation of 1930s aerial photography: What are we missing? SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Aboveground woody biomass; Detection limits; Error assessment; Historic aerial photography; Land cover; Panchromatic; Prosopis velutina; Retrospective ground truth; Retrospective mapping; Santa Rita experimental range; Sonoran Desert; Velvet mesquite ID LAND-USE CHANGE; US CARBON SINK; SHRUB ENCROACHMENT; NEW-MEXICO; GRASSLANDS; DYNAMICS; CHALLENGES; ATMOSPHERE; RELEVANCE; PARKLAND AB Aerial photography from the 1930s serves as the earliest synoptic depiction of vegetation cover. We generated a spatially explicit database of shrub (Prosopis velutina) stand structure within two 1.8 ha field plots established in 1932 to address two questions: (1) What are the detection limits of panchromatic 1936 aerial photography?, and (2) How do these influence P. velutina biomass estimates? Shrub polygons were manually digitized on 1936 imagery and linked to 1932 field measurements of P. velutina canopy area. Aboveground 1932 P. velutina biomass was estimated using a site-specific allometric relationship for field-measured canopy area. Shrub canopy detection limits on the 1936 imagery were comparable to those reported for contemporary imagery. Based on a conservative shrub size detection threshold of 3.8 m(2), 5.8% of P. velutina biomass was missed. Spatial resolution (0.6 vs. 1.0 m) did not influence detection limits, but the overall accuracy of shrub cover estimates was greater on 1.0 m images. Presence of the sub-shrub Isocoma tenuisecta may also have significantly influenced estimates of P. velutina canopy area. These analyses illustrate the importance of standardizing aerial photo interpretation protocols, accounting for uncertainty estimating shrub biomass, and caution species-specific interpretations for historic aerial photography. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Browning, D. M.; Archer, S. R.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Byrne, A. T.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy & Biol, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Browning, DM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM dbrownin@nmsu.edu FU Achieve Results Graduate Fellowship [FP-91637801-3] FX The historic legacy of W. McGinnies is recognized and extraordinary. R. Wu assisted with data compilation and fastidious quality assurance. A. Honaman graciously provided technical assistance with computing logistics with resources provided by the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources. The historic ground photograph and field maps were provided by the Santa Rita Experimental Range Digital Database (http://ag.arizona.edu/srer). S. Marsh and A. Huete made helpful cornments on early drafts. A. Aradottir provided advice on circular statistics. A. Rango, M. Buenemann, and two anonymous reviewers provided additional editorial suggestions that improved the manuscript. D. Browning was supported by a United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results Graduate Fellowship FP-91637801-3; A. Byrne was supported by the NSF Research Experience for Undergraduate Program. Additional funding was provided by NASA Grant NAG5-11238, NSF DEB9981723, and a T&E, Inc. Conservation Biology Grant. EPA has not officially endorsed this publication and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of the EPA. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 73 IS 9 BP 844 EP 853 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.04.003 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 466PY UT WOS:000267675800010 ER PT J AU Zheng, XZ Lan, YB Zhu, JM Westbrook, J Hoffmann, WC Lacey, RE AF Zheng, Xian-zhe Lan, Yu-bin Zhu, Jian-min Westbrook, John Hoffmann, W. C. Lacey, R. E. TI Rapid Identification of Rice Samples Using an Electronic Nose SO JOURNAL OF BIONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE rice grain; identification; electronic nose; data analysis; pattern recognition ID GRAINS; NOISE AB Four rice samples of long grain type were tested using an electronic nose (Cyranose-320). Samples of 5 g of each variety of rice were placed individually in vials and were analyzed with the electronic nose unit consisting of 32 polymer sensors. The Cyranose-320 was able to differentiate between varieties of rice. The chemical composition of the rice odors for differentiating rice samples needs to be investigated. The optimum parameter settings should be considered during the Cyranose-320 training process especially for multiple samples, which are helpful for obtaining an accurate training model to improve identification capability. Further. it is necessary to investigate the E-nose sensor selection for obtaining better classification accuracy. A reduced number of sensors Could potentially shorten the data processing time, and could be used to establish an application procedure and reduce the cost for a specific electronic nose. Further research is needed for developing analytical procedures that adapt the Cyranose-320 as a tool for testing rice quality. C1 [Lan, Yu-bin; Westbrook, John; Hoffmann, W. C.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Zheng, Xian-zhe] NE Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Jian-min] Ft Valley State Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 31030 USA. [Lacey, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Lan, YB (reprint author), USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Yubin.lan@ars.usda.gov FU Ministry of Education of China [20070224003]; oversea research project of Heilongjiang Province Education Agency, China [1151HZ01]; research project of Heilongjiang Province Education Agency, China [10531002] FX The authors of this paper would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the financial support from the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (No 20070224003), oversea research project of Heilongjiang Province Education Agency, China (No 1151HZ01) and research project of Heilongjiang Province Education Agency, China (No 10531002). NR 16 TC 19 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 15 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1672-6529 J9 J BIONIC ENG JI J. Bionic Eng. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S1672-6529(08)60122-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics GA 505PR UT WOS:000270707100012 ER PT J AU Zheng, SS Byrne, PF Bai, GH Shan, XY Reid, SD Haley, SD Seabourn, BW AF Zheng, Shusong Byrne, Patrick F. Bai, Guihua Shan, Xueyan Reid, Scott D. Haley, Scott D. Seabourn, Bradford W. TI Association analysis reveals effects of wheat glutenin alleles and rye translocations on dough-mixing properties SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Glutenin subunits; End-use quality; Wheat; Association mapping ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; DOUBLED HAPLOID POPULATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; WINTER-WHEAT; SUBUNIT COMPOSITION; BREEDING PROGRAMS; STORAGE PROTEINS; GRAIN QUALITY; CULTIVARS AB The glutenin loci of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) are important determinants of bread-making quality, although the effects of alleles at those loci are incompletely understood. We applied an association analysis method to assess the effects of glutenin alleles and 1RS wheat-rye (Secale cereale L) translocations on dough-mixing properties in 96 wheat cultivars and advanced lines grown at three Colorado locations while accounting for population structure and relatedness of individuals in the population. The results indicated that (1) in the majority of cases, controlling relatedness of individuals reduced the significance of associations between glutenin loci and Mixograph traits; (2) the Glu-D1 and Glu-B3 loci and 1RS translocations had greater impacts on dough-mixing properties compared to other glutenin loci; (3) Glu-B1w, Glu-D1d, and Glu-B3b were consistently associated with greater (more favorable) Mixograph peak time (MPT) than other alleles at the respective loci, whereas Glu-B1e, Glu-D1a, and Glu-B3c were associated with reduced MPT; (4) the 1BL1 RS translocation was associated with a decrease in Mixograph properties. Our results indicate that taking multiple-level relatedness of individuals into account can improve the results of association analysis for wheat-quality traits. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Shusong; Byrne, Patrick F.; Shan, Xueyan; Reid, Scott D.; Haley, Scott D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bai, Guihua] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Seabourn, Bradford W.] ARS, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Byrne, PF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Patrick.Byrne@colostate.edu RI Haley, Scott/C-1228-2013 FU Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA-CSREES Special Research [2003-34205-13636, 2006-34205-17358]; Ford Foundation International Fellowships Program; Colorado Wheat Research Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA-CSREES Special Research Grants 2003-34205-13636 and 2006-34205-17358, the Ford Foundation International Fellowships Program, and the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. We appreciate the guidance on data analysis from Dr. Phil Chapman (Department of Statistics, CSU) and Dr. Ed Buckler (USDA-ARS, Plant, Soil and Nutrition Research Unit, Ithaca, NY). NR 38 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.06.008 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 497GC UT WOS:000270044600022 ER PT J AU Tilyabaev, KZ Talipov, SA Ibragimov, BT Dowd, MK Yuldashev, AM AF Tilyabaev, Kamil Z. Talipov, Samat A. Ibragimov, Bakhtiyar T. Dowd, Michael K. Yuldashev, Abdurasul M. TI Crystal Structures of the Solvates of Di-ethylaminogossypol with Ethyl Acetate and Pyridine SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Clathrate; Gossypol derivative; Host-guest complex; Schiff base; Solvate ID SCHIFF-BASE; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; UNSOLVATED HOSTS; GOSSYPOL; DIANILINEGOSSYPOL; POLYMORPHISM; DERIVATIVES; DIMORPH; GUEST; PM5 AB The crystal structures of di-ethylaminogossypol with ethyl acetate (DEAG-EA) and pyridine (DEAG-P) were studied by room-temperature X-ray diffraction. The host-to-guest molecule ratio in these complexes is 2:1 for DEAG-EA and 2: 5 for DEAG-P. The crystal and cell parameters for DEAG-EA are C(34)H(40)N(2)O(6)center dot 0.5(C(4)H(8)O(2)), M = 660.78, triclinic, space group P-1, a = 11.316(2) angstrom, b = 12.082(2) angstrom, c = 15.085(3) angstrom, alpha = 73.34(3)degrees, beta = 73.32(3)degrees, gamma = 73.61(3)degrees, V = 1,847.3(7) angstrom(3), Z = 2, and d(calc.) = 1.188 g/cm(3) and for DEAG-P are C(34)H(40)N(2)O(6)center dot 2.5(C(5)H(5) N), M = 769.91, triclinic, space group P-1, a = 9.6090(19) angstrom, b = 14.894(3) angstrom, c = 16.038(3) angstrom, alpha = 90.66(3)degrees, beta = 106.25(3)degrees, gamma = 103.17(3)degrees, V = 2138.7(9) angstrom(3), Z = 2, and d(calc.) = 1.195 g/cm(3). In both structures, the di-ethylaminogossypol molecules are in the enamine form, which is the same tautomer found for other reported Schiff base gossypol derivatives. The enantiomeric gossypol molecules of each structure form different centrosymmetric dimer assemblies. These assemblies pack differently in each solvate. C1 [Tilyabaev, Kamil Z.; Talipov, Samat A.; Ibragimov, Bakhtiyar T.; Yuldashev, Abdurasul M.] Inst Bioorgan Chem, Tashkent 100143, Uzbekistan. [Dowd, Michael K.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Talipov, SA (reprint author), Inst Bioorgan Chem, Mirzo Ulugbek Str 83, Tashkent 100143, Uzbekistan. EM tilyabaevzaid@mail.ru; ckrystal@uzsci.net RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014; OI Ibragimov, Bakhtiyar/0000-0002-9700-6227 FU STCU/ARS-USDA Former Soviet States Cooperative Research Program [P181] FX This project was supported with funds from the STCU/ARS-USDA Former Soviet States Cooperative Research Program, Project P181. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 39 IS 9 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.1007/s10870-009-9544-x PG 6 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 474RD UT WOS:000268300800013 ER PT J AU Hurlburt, B Lloyd, SW Grimm, CC AF Hurlburt, Barry Lloyd, Steven W. Grimm, Casey C. TI Comparison of Analytical Techniques for Detection of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Aqueous Samples SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; WATER; ODOR; FISH C1 [Hurlburt, Barry; Lloyd, Steven W.; Grimm, Casey C.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Hurlburt, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM barry.hulburt@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service [6435-43440-040-00D, 6435-44000-063-00D]; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We are indebted to Drs. Ehine Champagne and Soheila Maleki for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by intramural CRISs 6435-43440-040-00D and 6435-44000-063-00D from the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may be available. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 47 IS 8 BP 670 EP 673 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 494UT UT WOS:000269844900007 PM 19772743 ER PT J AU Thacher, TD Obadofin, MO O'Brien, KO Abrams, SA AF Thacher, Tom D. Obadofin, Michael O. O'Brien, Kimberly O. Abrams, Steven A. TI The Effect of Vitamin D-2 and Vitamin D-3 on Intestinal Calcium Absorption in Nigerian Children with Rickets SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL RICKETS; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; D INSUFFICIENCY; ELDERLY-WOMEN; D METABOLITES; DEFICIENCY; MALABSORPTION; EFFICIENCY; TURNOVER; RANGE AB Context: Children with calcium-deficiency rickets have high 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether vitamin D increased calcium absorption. Design: This was an experimental study. Setting: The study was conducted at a teaching hospital. Participants: Participants included 17 children with nutritional rickets. Intervention: The participants were randomized to 1.25 mg oral vitamin D-3 (n = 8) or vitamin D-2 (n = 9). Main Outcome Measure: Fractional calcium absorption 3 da after vitamin D administration was measured. Results: Mean baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were 20 ng/ml (range 5-31 ng/ml). The increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D was equivalent after vitamin D-3 (29 +/- 10 ng/ml) or vitamin D-2 (29 +/- 17 ng/ml). Mean 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values increased from 143 +/- 76 pg/ml to 243 +/- 102 pg/ml (P = 0.001), and the increase in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D did not differ between vitamin D-2 and vitamin D-3 (107 +/- 110 and 91 +/- 102 ng/ml, respectively). The increment in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was explained almost entirely by the baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (r(2) = 0.72; P < 0.001). Mean fractional calcium absorption did not differ before (52.6 +/- 21.4%) or after (53.2 +/- 23.5%) vitamin D, and effects of vitamin D-2 and vitamin D-3 on calcium absorption were not significantly different. Fractional calcium absorption was not closely related to concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (r = 0.01, P = 0.93) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (r = 0.21, P = 0.24). The effect of vitamin D on calcium absorption did not vary with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D values or with the absolute increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values. Conclusions: Despite similar increases in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D with vitamin D-2 or vitamin D-3, fractional calcium absorption did not increase, indicating that rickets in Nigerian children is not primarily due to vitamin D-deficient calcium malabsorption. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 3314-3321, 2009) C1 [Thacher, Tom D.] Mayo Clin, Dept Family Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Obadofin, Michael O.] Univ Jos, Teaching Hosp, Dept Family Med, Jos 930001, Nigeria. [O'Brien, Kimberly O.] Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Thacher, TD (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Family Med, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM thacher.thomas@mayo.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU National Institutes of Health Fogarty Grant [R03 TW006428] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Fogarty Grant R03 TW006428. NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 94 IS 9 BP 3314 EP 3321 DI 10.1210/jc.2009-0018 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 491NB UT WOS:000269584600025 PM 19567516 ER PT J AU O'Driscoll, KKM Schutz, MM Lossie, AC Eicher, SD AF O'Driscoll, K. K. M. Schutz, M. M. Lossie, A. C. Eicher, S. D. TI The effect of floor surface on dairy cow immune function and locomotion score SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE floor surface; locomotion; dairy cow; immune function ID CLAW HEALTH; SLATTED FLOOR; TIME BUDGETS; LAMENESS; CATTLE; LESIONS; RUBBER; HOOF; NEUTROPHILS; EXPRESSION AB This study evaluated the effect of 2 dairy cow housing systems on cow locomotion, immune status, and expression of genes associated with lameness during the dry and periparturient periods. Cows were assigned to freestall housing with either rubber (RUB; n = 13) or concrete (CON; n = 14) at the feed-bunk and alley immediately after their first calving, and managed on this system during all subsequent lactations. At dry off, cows were moved to a straw bedded-pack dry cow pen, and remained there until about 2 d before subsequent calving. To investigate whether greater exposure to RUB or CON increased the differences between cows on each treatment, cows at the end of either their first (n = 16) or second (n = 11) lactations were included in the experiment. Locomotion scores and blood samples were obtained at -60 (beginning of the dry period), -30, 0 (after calving), + 10 and + 18 d relative to calving. Leukocyte counts were obtained by using an automated cell counter. Phagocytic activity, and cells positive for CD14 and CD18 expression were measured by flow cytometry using labeled microbeads and antibodies. Expression of tachikinin 1(TAC1), histamine receptor 1 (H1), and metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 in blood leukocytes was estimated using quantitative real-time PCR. Treatment effects were determined using a repeated measures model. Provision of rubber flooring did not improve dairy cow locomotion during the subsequent study period. However, time relative to calving had an effect on locomotion score and speed, which were worst on d 0, probably because of the discomfort associated with calving. An interaction occurred between treatment and time for neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. The RUB cows had greater neutrophil and lesser lymphocyte numbers postpartum than CON. These cows also had more cells positive for CD14 postpartum compared with prepartum. Moreover, RUB cows showed upregulation of MMP13 and TAC1 compared with CON. These genes are associated with lameness and pain detection respectively. Greater neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios and CD14 expression are associated with physiological stress or with activated immunity. Rubber flooring is associated with an increase in activity and standing. This may have resulted in indications of physiological stress and upregulation of genes associated with lameness and pain for RUB cows. However, this study did not take into account the long-term effects of concrete or rubber flooring; for instance, occurrence of lameness or survivability within the herd. C1 [O'Driscoll, K. K. M.; Eicher, S. D.] USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [O'Driscoll, K. K. M.] Moorepk Dairy Prod Res Ctr, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland. [O'Driscoll, K. K. M.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Agr Food Sci & Vet Med, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Schutz, M. M.; Lossie, A. C.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Eicher, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Susan.Eicher@ars.usda.gov RI Lossie, Amy/D-2480-2009; O'Driscoll, Keelin/F-3646-2011 OI Lossie, Amy/0000-0001-5078-7743; NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 92 IS 9 BP 4249 EP 4261 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1906 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 485WV UT WOS:000269156600016 PM 19700686 ER PT J AU Hung, SC Bartley, G Young, SA Albers, DR Dielman, DR Anderson, WHK Yokoyama, W AF Hung, Shao-Ching Bartley, Glenn Young, Scott Andrew Albers, David Robert Dielman, Demetrius Richard Anderson, William Henry Kerr Yokoyama, Wallace TI Dietary fiber improves lipid homeostasis and modulates adipocytokines in hamsters SO JOURNAL OF DIABETES LA English DT Article DE adiponectin; golden Syrian hamster; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC); metabolic syndrome AB Background: The hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic effects of various natural and semisynthetic dietary fibers have been studied for their potential use in the prevention and improvement of metabolic syndrome. Of these dietary fibers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) has been shown to lower plasma cholesterol and reduce weight gain. However, the underlying mechanisms are not known. In the present study, we examined associations between plasma adipocytokine levels and both lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity after HPMC intake in golden Syrian hamsters. In addition, endogenous adiponectin from hamster plasma was purified and characterized. Methods: Hamsters were treated with HPMC (2% and 4% in a high-fat diet) or 2% or 4% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC; control diet) for 8 weeks. Plasma glucose, insulin, lipids, adiponectin, leptin, and hepatic lipid levels were assessed using standard techniques. Results: After 8 weeks of feeding, plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hamsters fed the 4% HPMC-supplemented diet were significantly lower than in hamsters fed the control diet. Moreover, a significant increase in adiponectin levels and a decrease in leptin levels were observed in hamsters fed the 4% HPMC-supplemented diet. Hamster adiponectin was found to be comprised of 244 amino acid residues with an apparent molecular weight of 30 kDa, consistent with the adiponectin reported in other species. Conclusions: Reductions in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were correlated with a decrease in plasma leptin and an increase in adiponectin. These results suggest that adipocytokines are regulated by HPMC and may play a pivotal role in the hypocholesterolemic effect. C1 [Hung, Shao-Ching; Young, Scott Andrew; Albers, David Robert; Dielman, Demetrius Richard; Anderson, William Henry Kerr] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48667 USA. [Bartley, Glenn; Yokoyama, Wallace] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Hung, SC (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, 1897 Bldg,D-16, Midland, MI 48667 USA. EM schung2@dow.com NR 47 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1753-0393 J9 J DIABETES JI J. Diabetes PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3 BP 194 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2009.00034.x PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA V24MS UT WOS:000208415100016 PM 20923539 ER PT J AU Gish, TJ Prueger, JH Kustas, WP Daughtry, CST McKee, LG Russ, A Hatfield, JL AF Gish, Timothy J. Prueger, John H. Kustas, William P. Daughtry, C. S. T. McKee, Lynn G. Russ, Andy Hatfield, Jerry L. TI Soil Moisture and Metolachlor Volatilization Observations over Three Years SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT MODEL; SUBSURFACE FLOW PATHWAYS; WATER CONTENT; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; TRACE ORGANICS; VAPOR DENSITY; PESTICIDES; SURFACE; DEPOSITION; ATRAZINE AB A 3-yr study was conducted to focus on the impact of surface soil water content on metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-Methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl) acetamide) volatilization from a field with different surface soil water regimes created by subsurface water flow paths. Metolachlor vapor fluxes were measured at two locations within the field where local meteorological and soil conditions were relatively constant, except for surface soil water content, which differed significantly. Surface soil water content at the two sites differed in response to the presence of subsurface flow pathways. Detailed soil moisture observations over the duration of the study showed that for the first 2 yr (2004 and 2005), surface soil water contents at the dry location (V1) were nearly half those at the wetter location (V2). Cumulative metolachlor vapor fluxes during 2004 and 2005 at V1 were also about half that at V2. In the third year (2006), early-season drought conditions rendered the soil water content at the two locations to be nearly identical, resulting in similar metolachlor volatilization losses. Analysis of infrared soil surface temperatures suggests a correlation between surface soil temperatures and metolachlor volatilization when soils are wet (2004 and 2005) but not when the soils are dry (2006). Field-averaged metolachlor volatilization losses were highly correlated with increasing surface soil water contents (r(2) = 0.995). C1 [Gish, Timothy J.; Kustas, William P.; Daughtry, C. S. T.; McKee, Lynn G.; Russ, Andy] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Prueger, John H.; Hatfield, Jerry L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Gish, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM timothy.gish@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1785 EP 1795 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0276 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400001 PM 19643743 ER PT J AU Groffman, PM Williams, CO Pouyat, RV Band, LE Yesilonis, ID AF Groffman, Peter M. Williams, Candiss O. Pouyat, Richard V. Band, Lawrence E. Yesilonis, Ian D. TI Nitrate Leaching and Nitrous Oxide Flux in Urban Forests and Grasslands SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS TURF; LAND-USE CHANGE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SOIL CARBON; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ORGANIC-CARBON; RURAL GRADIENT AB Urban landscapes contain a mix of land-we types with different patterns of nitrogen (N) cycling and export. We measured nitrate (NO(3)(-)) leaching and soil:atmosphere nitrous oxide (N(2)O) flux in four urban grassland and eight forested long-term study plots in the Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan area. We evaluated ancillary controls on these fluxes by measuring soil temperature, moisture, and soil:atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide on these plots and by sampling a larger group of forest, grass, and agricultural sites once to evaluate soil organic matter, microbial biomass, and potential net N mineralization and nitrification. Annual NO(3)(-) leaching ranged from 0.05 to 4.1 g N m(-2) yr(-1) and was higher in grass than forest plots, except in a very, dry year and when a disturbed forest plot was included in the analysis. Nitrous oxide fluxes ranged from 0.05 to >0.3 g N m(-2) yr(-1), with few differences between grass and forest plots and markedly higher fluxes in wet years. Differences in NO(3)(-) leaching and N(2)O flux between forests and grasslands were not as high as expected given the higher frequency of disturbance and fertilization in the grasslands. Carbon dioxide flux, organic matter, and microbial biomass were as high or higher in urban grasslands than in forests, suggesting that active carbon cycling creates sinks for N in vegetation and soil in these ecosystems. Although urban grasslands export more N to the environment than native forests, they have considerable capacity for N retention that should be considered in evaluations of land-use change. C1 [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Williams, Candiss O.] Purdue Univ, Dep Soil Crop & Environm Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pouyat, Richard V.; Yesilonis, Ian D.] Univ Maryland, Urban Forestry Ecol Res Unit, NE USDA, Forest Serv, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. [Band, Lawrence E.] Univ N Carolina, Dep Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Groffman, PM (reprint author), Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM groffmanp@caryinstitute.org FU National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research [DEB-9714835, DEB-0423476]; Water and Watersheds [GAD-R825792]; Northern Research Station; U.S. Forest Service; City of Baltimore Department of Parks and Recreation and Department of Public Works; Baltimore County Department of Parks; Maryland Department of Natural Resources FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research program (grants no. DEB-9714835 and DEB-0423476), the EPANSF joint program in Water and Watersheds (project no. GAD-R825792), and the Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service. The City of Baltimore Department of Parks and Recreation and Department of Public Works, the Baltimore County Department of Parks, and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources provided access or management of land for our studies. The authors thank Jessica Hopkins, Alex Kalejs, Emilie Stander, Nathan Forand, Alan Lorefice, Evan Grant, Dan Dillon, Lisa Martel, and Sabrina LaFave for help with field sampling and laboratory and data analysis. NR 87 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 7 U2 86 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1848 EP 1860 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0521 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400008 PM 19643750 ER PT J AU Shaner, DL Wiles, L Hansen, N AF Shaner, Dale L. Wiles, Lori Hansen, Neil TI Behavior of Atrazine in Limited Irrigation Cropping Systems in Colorado: Prior Use Is Important SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED DEGRADATION; SOIL; TILLAGE; FIELD; DISSIPATION; METOLACHLOR; TRANSPORT; MISSISSIPPI; ADSORPTION; HERBICIDES AB Glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn may be a major component of new cropping systems to optimize the use of limited irrigation water supply while sustaining production. Because atrazine is an important tool for residual weed control in GR corn, we examined atrazine binding to soil, dissipation, movement, and early season weed control in limited and full irrigation cropping systems. These systems included continuous corn under conventional tillage and full irrigation (CCC-FI)and under notillage and deficit irrigation (CCC-DI), a sunflower-wheat-com rotation under no-tillage and deficit irrigation (SWC-DI), and a wheat-fallow-wheat-corn rotation under no tillage and natural precipitation (WFWC-NP). Crop rotation and herbicide use history influenced atrazine behavior more than amount or type of irrigation. Atrazine dissipated more rapidly in the top 30 cm of soil in the CCC-FI and CCC-DI pious (half-life [T(1/2)) = 3-12 d), which had received previous applications of the herbicide, compared with the SWC-DI and WFWC-NP plots, which had no history of atrazine use (T(1/2) = 15-22 d). Laboratory assays indicated that the different rates of degradation were at least partly due to differences in microbial degradation in the soil. Atrazine moved the most in the top 30 cm in the SWC-DI and WFWC-NP plots. This greater movement is probably due to the slower rate of atrazine degradation. Studies of the behavior of pre-emergence herbicides in new limited irrigation cropping systems must consider all characteristics of the systems, not just amount and timing of irrigation. C1 [Shaner, Dale L.; Wiles, Lori] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hansen, Neil] Colorado State Univ, Soil & Crop Sci Dep, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shaner, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 320, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Dale.Shaner@ars.usda.gov OI Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1861 EP 1869 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0463 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400009 PM 19643751 ER PT J AU Rhoton, FE Bigham, JM AF Rhoton, F. E. Bigham, J. M. TI Natural Ferrihydrite as an Agent for Reducing Turbidity Caused by Suspended Clays SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM; IRON-OXIDES; FLOCCULATION; SOILS; BIOACCESSIBILITY; ADSORPTION; ALUMINUM; CATION AB Biologically impaired waters arc often Caused by the turbidity associated with elevated suspended sediment concentrations. Turbidity call be reduced by the addition of positively charged compounds that coagulate negatively charged particles in Suspension, causing them to flocculate. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of ferrihydrite, a poorly crystalline Fe oxide, as a flocculating agent for Suspended clays similar to those found in high-turbidity waters of the Mississippi delta. Clay concentrations of 100 mg L(-1) from a Dubbs silt loam (fine silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs), a Forestdale silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Hapludalfs), and a Sharkey clay (very fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquerts) were suspended in 0.0005 mol L(-1) CaCl(2) solutions at pH 5, 6, 7, or 8. Natural ferrihydrite with a zero point of charge at pH 5.8 was acquired from a drinking water treatment facility and mixed with the suspension at concentrations of 0, 10, 25, and 50 mg L(-1). After settling periods of 24 and 48 h, percent transmittance was measured at a wavelength of 420 run using a 3-mL sample collected at a depth of 2 cm. The greatest reductions in turbidity after 24-h equilibration were recorded for the pH 5 suspensions of the Dubbs (31%) and Forestdale (37%) clays at a ferrihydrite concentration of 10 mg L(-1) and for the Sharkey clay at a ferrihydrite concentration of 25 mg L(-1) (relative to the 0 ferrihydrite treatment). Water clarity for all samples further increased after 48 h. These results indicate that the effectiveness of ferrihydrite, as a means of reducing turbidity associated with suspended clays, is greatest at pH values below its zero point of charge. C1 [Rhoton, F. E.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Bigham, J. M.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Rhoton, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM Fred.Rhoton@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1887 EP 1891 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0454 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400012 PM 19643754 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Honeycutt, CW Griffin, TS Cade-Menun, BJ Pellechia, PJ Dou, ZX AF He, Zhongqi Honeycutt, C. Wayne Griffin, Timothy S. Cade-Menun, Barbara J. Pellechia, Perry J. Dou, Zhengxia TI Phosphorus Forms in Conventional and Organic Dairy Manure Identified by Solution and Solid State P-31 NMR Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; AMENDED POULTRY LITTER; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTS; RELAXATION-TIMES; ANIMAL MANURES; SPECIATION; SOILS; PHOSPHATES; PHYTATE AB Organic dairy production has increased rapidly in recent years. Organic dairy cows (Bos taurus) generally eat different diets than their conventional counterparts. Although these differences could impact availability, utilization, and cycling of manure nutrients, little such information is available to aid organic dairy farmers in making nutrient and manure management decisions. In this study, we comparatively characterized P in organic and conventional dairy manure using Solution and solid state (31)P NMR spectroscopic techniques. Phosphorus in both types of dairy manure was extracted with water, Na acetate buffer (100 mmol L(-1), pH 5.0) plus 20 mg Na dithionite mL(-1), or 0.025 mol L(-1) NaOH with 50 mmol L(-1) EDTA. Solution NMR analysis revealed that organic dairy manure contained about 10% more inorganic phosphate than conventional dairy manure. Whereas organic dairy manure did contain slightly more phytate P, it contained 30 to 50% less monoester P than conventional dairy manure. Solid state NMR spectroscopy revealed that mono-, di-, and trivalent metal P species with different stabilities were present in the two dairy manures. Conventional dairy manure contained relatively higher contents Of Soluble inorganic P species and stable metal phytate species. In contrast, organic dairy manure contained more Ca and Mg species of P These results indicate iliac P transformation rates and quantities should be expected to differ between organic and conventional dairy manures. C1 [He, Zhongqi; Honeycutt, C. Wayne] ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Griffin, Timothy S.] Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Cade-Menun, Barbara J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. [Pellechia, Perry J.] Univ S Carolina, Dep Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Dou, Zhengxia] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013; Cade-Menun, Barbara/0000-0003-4391-3718 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1909 EP 1918 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0445 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400015 PM 19643757 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Leytem, AB AF Dungan, Robert S. Leytem, April B. TI Airborne Endotoxin Concentrations at a Large Open-Lot Dairy in Southern Idaho SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; DUST; ENVIRONMENTS; FARMERS; ASTHMA; CANCER; HOUSES; BARNS; SWINE; ASSAY AB Endotoxins are derived from grain-negative bacteria and are a potential respiratory health risk for animals and humans. To determine the potential for endotoxin transport from a large open-lot dairy, total airborne endotoxin concentrations were determined at an upwind location (background) and five downwind locations oil three separate days. The downwind locations were situated at of the edge of the lot, 200 and 1390 in downwind from the lot, and downwind from a manure composting area and wastewater holding pond. When the wind was predominantly from the west, the average endotoxin concentration at the upwind location was 24 endotoxin units (EU) m(-3), whereas at the edge of the for on the downwind side it was 259 EU m(-3). At 200 and 1390 in downwind from the edge of the lot, the average endotoxin concentrations were 168 and 49 EU m(-3), respectively. Average airborne endotoxin concentrations downwind from the composting site (36 EU m(-3)) and wastewater holding pond (89 EU m(-3)) and 1390 in from the edge of the lot: were not significantly different from the upwind location. There were no significant correlations between ambient weather data collected and endotoxin concentrations over the experimental period. The downwind data show chat the airborne endotoxin concentrations decreased exponentially with distance from the lot edge. Decreasing all individuals proximity to the dairy should lower their risk of airborne endotoxin exposure and associated health effects. C1 [Dungan, Robert S.; Leytem, April B.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1919 EP 1923 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0504 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400016 PM 19643758 ER PT J AU Sharpley, AN Kleinman, PJA Jordan, P Bergstrom, L Allen, AL AF Sharpley, Andrew N. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Jordan, Philip Bergstrom, Lars Allen, Arthur L. TI Evaluating the Success of Phosphorus Management from Field to Watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PLAINS; TRANSFERS; QUALITY; LOSSES; RIVER; LAND; EUTROPHICATION; CATCHMENTS; PATTERNS; ETHANOL AB Studies have demonstrated some P loss reduction following implementation of remedial strategies at field scales. However, there has been little coordinated evaluation of best management practices (BMPs) on a watershed scale to show where, when, and which work most effectively. Thus, it is still difficult to answer with a degree of certainty, critical questions Such as, how long before we see a response and where would we expect to observe the greatest or least response? In cases where field and watershed scales are monitored, it is not uncommon for trends in P loss to be disconnected. We review case studies demonstrating chat potential causes of the disconnect varies, from competing,sources of P at watershed scales that are not reflected in field monitoring to an abundance of sinks at watershed scales that buffer field sources. To be successful, P-based mitigation strategies need to occur iteratively, involve stakeholder driven programs, and address the inherent complexity of all P Sources within watersheds. C1 [Sharpley, Andrew N.] Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kleinman, Peter J. A.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jordan, Philip] Univ Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. [Bergstrom, Lars] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. [Allen, Arthur L.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Sharpley, AN (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dep Crop Soil & Environm Sci, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM Sharpley@uark.edu OI Jordan, Philip/0000-0002-0893-4591 NR 64 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 6 U2 45 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1981 EP 1988 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0056 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400022 PM 19704141 ER PT J AU Alluvione, F Halvorson, AD Del Grosso, SJ AF Alluvione, Francesco Halvorson, Ardell D. Del Grosso, Stephen J. TI Nitrogen, Tillage, and Crop Rotation Effects on Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes from Irrigated Cropping Systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CORN-SOYBEAN ROTATIONS; SOIL CO2 EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE GASES; LAND-USE; N2O EMISSIONS; NO-TILLAGE; LONG-TERM; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC MATERIALS AB Long-term effects of tillage intensity, N fertilization, and crop rotation on carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and methane (CH(4)) flux. from semiarid irrigated soils are poorly understood. We evaluated effects of. (i) tillage intensity [no-till (NT) and conventional moldboard plow tillage (CT)] in a Continuous corn rotation; (ii) N fertilization levels [0-246 kg N ha(-1) for corn (Zea mays L.); 0 and 56 kg N ha(-1) for dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris W; 0 and 112 kg N ha(-1) for barley (Hordeum distichon L.)]; and (iii) crop rotation Under NT soil management [corn-barley (NTCB); continuous corn (NT-CC); corn-dry bean (NI-CDb)] on CO(2) and CH(4) flux from a clay loam soil. Carbon dioxide and CH(4) fluxes were monitored one to three times per week using vented nonsready state closed chambers. No-till reduced (14%) growing season (154 d) cumulative CO(2) emissions relative to CT (NT 2.08 Mg CO(2)-C ha(-1); CT 2.41 Mg CO(2)-C ha(-1)), while N fertilization had no effect. Significantly lower (18%) growing season CO(2) fluxes were found in NT-CDb than NT-CC and NT-CB (11.4, 13.2 and 13.9 kg CO(2)-C ha(-1)d(-1) respectively). Growing season CH(4) emissions were higher in NT (20.2 g CH(4) ha(-1)) than in CT (1.2 g CH(4) ha(-1)). Nitrogen fertilization and cropping rotation did not affect CH(4) flux. Implementation of NT for 7 yr with no N fertilization was not adequate for restoring the CH(4) oxidation capacity Of this clay learn soil relative to CT plowed and fertilized soil. C1 [Halvorson, Ardell D.; Del Grosso, Stephen J.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Alluvione, Francesco] Univ Turin, Dep Agron Forest & Land Management, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 FU Agricultural Research Service under the GRACEnet FX We thank A. Mosier, C. Reule, M. Smith, R Norris, B. Floyd, and R. D'Adamo for their technical assistance. Thanks to A. Blaylock, Agrium Inc. for supplying the ESN used in this study. This publication is based on work supported by the Agricultural Research Service under the GRACEnet Project. NR 74 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2023 EP 2033 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0517 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400026 PM 19704145 ER PT J AU Ziemer, CJ Kerr, BJ Trabue, SL Stein, H Stahl, DA Davidson, SK AF Ziemer, Cherie J. Kerr, Brian J. Trabue, Steven L. Stein, Hans Stahl, David A. Davidson, Seana K. TI Dietary Protein and Cellulose Effects on Chemical and Microbial Characteristics of Swine Feces and Stored Manure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; NITROGEN-EXCRETION; FINISHING PIGS; CRUDE PROTEIN; AMMONIA EMISSION; STORAGE PITS; GROWING PIGS; ODOR; POPULATIONS AB The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (14.5 or 12.0%) and cellulose (8.7 or 2.5%) levels on composition of feces and manure after 8 wk of diet feeding and storage. Pigs were fed twice daily; after each feeding, urine and feces were collected and added to manure storage containers. On weeks 2 and 8 after initiation of the experiment, fresh fecal and manure samples were obtained. On Week 8, increased dietary cellulose resulted in significantly higher levels of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and phenols in feces compare to other diets. In contrast, dietary protein had the greatest effect on manure chemical composition; lower protein decreased sulfur content, ammonia, and phenolic compound concentrations. High levels of either dietary cellulose or protein tended to increase microbial community similarity in fecal samples, but only high protein increased similarity among manure sample microbial communities. Fecal and manure samples from Week 8 differed from samples taken in Week 2 both in chemical and microbiological composition. Week 2 samples had lower concentrations of many of chemical compounds and microbial diversity than samples from Week 8. The fecal results indicate that after 2 wk of feeding experimental diets the animals were not fully adapted to the diets. More importantly, after only 2 A of urine and fecal collection, manure was not representative of stored manure, limiting its usefulness in developing standards and recommendations for on-farm management practices. C1 [Ziemer, Cherie J.; Kerr, Brian J.; Trabue, Steven L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Stein, Hans] Univ Illinois, Dep Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Stahl, David A.; Davidson, Seana K.] Univ Washington, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ziemer, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cherie.ziemer@ars.usda.gov OI Trabue, Steven/0000-0002-4584-5790 FU Defense Advance Research Projects Agency; ARS; University of lllinois-Effective Use of Animal Manures in Cropping Systems FX This research was partially funded through the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (awarded to D.A. Stahl and S. K. Davidson) and the joint program between ARS and the University of lllinois-Effective Use of Animal Manures in Cropping Systems, Section 224 Crop Risk Management. The authors would like to thank Jennifer Cook, Shari Steadham, Joe Lesan, and Todd Atherly for assistance with sampling and analysis. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2138 EP 2146 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0039 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400037 PM 19704156 ER PT J AU Berryman, EM Venterea, RT Baker, JM Bloom, PR Elf, B AF Berryman, Erin M. Venterea, Rodney T. Baker, John M. Bloom, Paul R. Elf, Brandy TI Phosphorus and Greenhouse Gas Dynamics in a Drained Calcareous Wetland Soil in Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FLOODED SOILS; WATER-TABLE; SEDIMENTS; METHANE; CARBON; EMISSIONS; RELEASE; FLUXES; TEMPERATURE; HYDROLOGY AB Restoration of wetland hydrology can produce ecological benefits but may have unintended consequences. We examined effects of altered water level on release of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and greenhouse gases (GHG) in soil cores from a marsh being evaluated for restoration. We also measured field concentrations of DRP and other constituents in wetland porewater. Intact cores from a sampling location with higher Fe and lower calcium carbonate (CaCO3) contents released more DRP than another location, and displayed higher DRP under completely saturated compared to partly drained conditions. Porewater samples collected from the high-Fe location also contained higher DRP levels. Chemical data suggest that redox-driven reactions largely controlled DRP levels at the high-Fe site, while CaCO3 adsorption was more important at the low-Fe site. Over the long term, water table elevation may attenuate P draining from the wetland due to decreased mineralization. However, such measures may increase P release in the short term. Raising the water level in soil cores resulted in decreased nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, increased methane (CH4) emissions, and an overall increase in total global warming potential (GWP). The proportion of total GWP contributed by N2O decreased from 14% to <= 1% as water level was raised, while the proportion contributed by CH, increased from 10 to 20% to 60 to 80%. Restoration of hydrology in the Rice Lake wetland has the potential to affect both local water quality and global air quality These combined effects complicate the cost-to-benefit analysis of such wetland restoration efforts. C1 [Berryman, Erin M.] Univ Idaho, Dep Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Venterea, Rodney T.; Baker, John M.; Bloom, Paul R.; Elf, Brandy] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Venterea, Rodney T.; Baker, John M.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Berryman, EM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dep Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM erinberryman@vandals.uidaho.edu RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; OI BERRYMAN, ERIN/0000-0001-8699-2474 FU USDA-ARS; PRWD FX The authors would like to thank Tera Guetter and Dick Hecock of the Pelican River Watershed District (PRWD), Pete Cooper, Brett Coleman, Jeff Norby, and George Zimmerman of USDA-NRCS, Earl Johnson of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Michael Dolan, Amanda Egdorf, and Roger Eliason also provided essential technical support. This project was funded by USDA-ARS and a grant from the PRWD. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2147 EP 2158 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0409 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492AX UT WOS:000269627400038 PM 19704157 ER PT J AU Rho, JR Srygley, RB Choe, JC AF Rho, Jeong R. Srygley, Robert B. Choe, Jae C. TI Age of the Jeju pony (Equus caballus) at first reproduction: potential costs for foals and mothers that first reproduce early in life SO JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Jeju pony; Equus caballus; First reproduction; Reproductive costs; Potential costs of foals ID FERAL HORSES; TRADE-OFFS; STALLIONS; DOMINANCE; AGGRESSION; SUCCESS; GROWTH AB In a related paper, we showed that mares that reproduced early in life tended to have higher fecundity because of a decrease in the duration of inter-birth intervals relative to mares that reproduced later in life. However, we know that young mares are subordinate to older mares. Hence, costs associated with low dominance rank might offset the benefits of earlier reproduction. We compared harassment of foals of female Jeju ponies that first reproduced at three years of age with that of foals of females that first reproduced at five years of age. As a consequence of their positions in the linear dominance hierarchy, foals born to and guarded by young mares were harassed more frequently than foals whose mothers were older when they first reproduced. A mare that reproduced early in life guarded her offspring more closely and intervened between her foal and neighboring mares more frequently than those mares which first reproduced when older. This need to guard their foals and the harm that might ensue from frequent harassment might counter-balance selection towards earlier reproduction in mares. C1 [Choe, Jae C.] Ewha Womans Univ, Lab Behav & Ecol, Div EcoSci, Seoul, South Korea. [Rho, Jeong R.] Seoul Grand Pk Zoo, Div Res, Gwacheon City, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Srygley, Robert B.] USDA ARS NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Choe, JC (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Lab Behav & Ecol, Div EcoSci, Seoul, South Korea. EM jaechoe@ewha.ac.kr FU Korean Ministry of Education and Human Research Development FX This study was supported by a BK21 Research Grant from the Korean Ministry of Education and Human Research Development. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0289-0771 EI 1439-5444 J9 J ETHOL JI J. Ethol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1007/s10164-008-0146-4 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 474VL UT WOS:000268312300024 ER PT J AU Vukovich, M Kilgo, JC AF Vukovich, Mark Kilgo, John C. TI Effects of radio transmitters on the behavior of Red-headed Woodpeckers SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavior; cavity; effects; Melanerpes erythrocephalus; radio-transmitters; roosting ID MIDDLE SPOTTED WOODPECKER; SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTION AB Previous studies have revealed that radio-transmitters may affect bird behaviors, including feeding rates, foraging behavior, vigilance, and preening behavior. In addition, depending on the method of attachment, transmitters can potentially affect the ability of cavity-nesting birds to use cavities. Our objective was to evaluate effects of transmitters on the behavior of and use of cavities by Red-headed Woodpeckers (Melanerpes erythrocephalus). Using backpack harnesses, we attached 2.1-g transmitter packages that averaged 3.1% of body weight (range = 2.5-3.6%) to Red-headed Woodpeckers. We observed both radio-tagged (N = 23) and nonradio-tagged (N = 28) woodpeckers and determined the percentage of time spent engaged in each of five behaviors: flight, foraging, perching, preening, and territorial behavior. We found no difference between the two groups in the percentage of time engaged in each behavior. In addition, we found that transmitters had no apparent effect on use of cavities for roosting by radio-tagged woodpeckers (N = 25). We conclude that backpack transmitters weighing less than 3.6% of body weight had no impact on either their behavior or their ability to use cavities. C1 [Vukovich, Mark; Kilgo, John C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Vukovich, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM mvukovich@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office [DE-AI09-00SR22188]; USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station FX We thank K. Legleu, K. Nayda, and K. Frier for outstanding work in the field, and J. Blake, E. Olson, and K. Wright for logistical support. Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the USDA Forest Service Savannah River under interagency agreement no. DE-AI09-00SR22188, and by the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2009.00235.x PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 488SN UT WOS:000269370200012 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Overstreet, RM Goodwin, AE AF Mitchell, A. J. Overstreet, R. M. Goodwin, A. E. TI Eustrongylides ignotus infecting commercial bass, Morone chrysops female X Morone saxatilis male, and other fish in the southeastern USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Eustrongylides ignotus; hybrid-striped bass; nematode; striped bass; sunshine bass; United States ID TUBIFEX NEMATODA; WADING BIRDS; DIOCTOPHYMATOIDEA; MORTALITY; CICONIIFORMES C1 [Mitchell, A. J.] ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72116 USA. [Overstreet, R. M.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Costal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS USA. [Goodwin, A. E.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, Pine Bluff, AR USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72116 USA. EM drew.mitchell@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [0529684, 0608603]; NOAA; Oceans and Human Health Initiative [NA08NOS4730322] FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant nos 0529684 and 0608603 as well as NOAA, Oceans and Human Health Initiative NA08NOS4730322. We acknowledge from GCRL the contribution of Ronnie Palmer, who helped with the experiment demonstrating that striped bass can serve as a paratenic host, and Larry Nicholson for culturing and supplying striped bass for study purposes. We are grateful to Deborah Iwanowicz, Jerri Bartholomew, Andy Radomski and Stephen Smith for constructive comments and review of early manuscripts. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 32 IS 9 BP 795 EP 799 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01051.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 483MF UT WOS:000268970200007 PM 19490394 ER PT J AU Sheffield, CL Crippen, TL Andrews, K Bongaerts, RJ Nisbet, DJ AF Sheffield, C. L. Crippen, T. L. Andrews, K. Bongaerts, R. J. Nisbet, D. J. TI Planktonic and Biofilm Communities from 7-Day-Old Chicken Cecal Microflora Cultures: Characterization and Resistance to Salmonella Colonization SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION CULTURES; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURES; LARGE INTESTINAL FLORA; TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; BROILER CHICKS; IN-VITRO; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; PROTECTING CHICKS AB Information implicating bacterial biofilms as contributory factors in the development of environmental bacterial resistance has been increasing. There is a lack of information regarding the role of biofilms within the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract of food animals. This work used a continuous-flow chemostat model derived from the ceca of 7-day-old chicks to characterize these communities and their ability to neutralize invasion by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We characterized and compared the biofilm and planktonic communities within these microcosms using automated ribotyping and the Analytical Profile Index biotyping system. Eleven species from eight different genera were identified from six culture systems. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from all planktonic communities and four of the biofilin communities. Three of the communities resisted colonization by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, two communities suppressed growth, and one community succumbed to colonization. In Cultures that resisted colonization, no Salmonella could be isolated from the biofilm; in cultures that succumbed to colonization, Salmonella was consistently found within the biofilms. This study was one of a series that provided a molecular-based characterization of both the biofilm and planktonic communities from continuous-flow culture systems derived from the cecal microflora of chicks, ranging in age from day-of-hatch to 14 days old. The one common factor relating to successful colonization of the culture was the presence of Salmonella within the biofilm. The capacity to sequester the introduced Salmonella into the biofilm appears to be a contributing factor to the inability of these cultures to withstand colonization by the Salmonella. C1 [Sheffield, C. L.; Crippen, T. L.; Andrews, K.; Nisbet, D. J.] Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bongaerts, R. J.] Inst Food Res, Flow Cytometry Lab, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. RP Sheffield, CL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Sheffield@sparc.usda.gov NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1812 EP 1820 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 492CN UT WOS:000269632000001 PM 19777880 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT McQuestin, OJ Tamplin, M Kelley, LC AF Musgrove, Michael T. McQuestin, Olivia J. Tamplin, Mark Kelley, Lynda C. TI Growth and Survival of Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Liquid Egg Products SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ENTERITIDIS; INFECTIONS; HENS AB Since 11 September 2001, quality and food safety are no longer the concerns of only consumers, industry, regulatory agencies, or other government officials. Liquid foods that are prepared or stored in bulk, including liquid egg products, are considered to be at potential risk for sabotage. Because of their versatility, low price, and functional properties, many of these products are being marketed. Four of the most common products of this type are whole egg, egg albumen, 10% sugared yolk, and 10% salted yolk. Although all of the serotypes of Salmonella enterica may cause illness, multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 has become widespread and can cause severe illness that is difficult to treat. Studies were conducted to determine growth patterns of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in four commercial liquid egg products held at 4, 10, 20, 30, 37, and 42 degrees C for 0 to 384 h. All experiments were performed in duplicate and repeated twice. Standard methods were used to estimate cell numbers, and log CFU per gram of egg product was plotted against time. The number of cells of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 increased to 8 to 9 log CFU/g in whole egg and 10% sugared yolk, increased by I log CFU/g in liquid albumen, but decreased by 3 log CFU/g in 10% salted yolk. Data from this study have been archived in the ComBase database to further assist policy makers or other scientists interested in Salmonella growth characteristics in liquid eggs. However, based on data generated in this study, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 probably does not constitute a food threat agent in liquid eggs. C1 [Musgrove, Michael T.] USDA, Anim Res Serv, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [McQuestin, Olivia J.; Tamplin, Mark] Univ Tasmania, Food Safety Ctr, Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Kelley, Lynda C.] USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Food Def & Emergency Response, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), USDA, Anim Res Serv, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM mike.musgrove@ars.usda.gov FU Department of Homeland Security National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center [N837] FX This work was supported by a grant (N837) front the Department of Homeland Security National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center. The excellent technical assistance of Tod Stewart and Jordan Shaw is greatly appreciated. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1992 EP 1996 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 492CN UT WOS:000269632000026 PM 19777905 ER PT J AU Thomas, C Swayne, DE AF Thomas, Colleen Swayne, David E. TI Thermal Inactivation of H5N2 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus in Dried Egg White with 7.5% Moisture SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUSES; INFECTED CHICKEN MEAT; NATURAL OUTBREAK; SALMONELLA AB High-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) cause severe systemic disease with high mortality in chickens. Isolation of HPAIV from the internal contents of chicken eggs has been reported, and this is cause for concern because HPAIV can be spread by movement of poultry products during marketing and trade activity. This study presents thermal inactivation data for the HPAIV strain A/chicken/PA/1370/83 (H5N2) (PA/83) in dried egg white with a moisture content (7.5%) similar to that found in commercially available spray-dried egg white products. The 95% upper confidence limits for D-values calculated from linear regression of the survival curves at 54.4, 60.0, 65.5, and 71.1 degrees C were 475.4, 192.2, 141.0, and 50.1 min, respectively. The line equation y = [0.05494 x degrees C] + 5.5693 (root mean square error = 0.0711) was obtained by linear regression of experimental D-values versus temperature. Conservative predictions based on the thermal inactivation data suggest that standard industry pasteurization protocols would be very effective for HPAIV inactivation in dried egg white. For example, these calculations predict that a 7-log reduction would take only 2.6 days at 54.4 degrees C. C1 [Thomas, Colleen; Swayne, David E.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov FU American Egg Board [58-6612-7151] FX We thank J. Beck, J. Doster, and K. Moresco for excellent technical assistance, and R. Brock for Biosafety Level 3-enhanced facility assistance. Research funding was provided by trust agreement no. 58-6612-7151, with the American Egg Board. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1997 EP 2000 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 492CN UT WOS:000269632000027 PM 19777906 ER PT J AU Du, WX Olsen, CW Avena-Bustillos, RJ McHugh, TH Levin, CE Mandrell, R Friedman, M AF Du, W-X. Olsen, C. W. Avena-Bustillos, R. J. McHugh, T. H. Levin, C. E. Mandrell, R. Friedman, Mendel TI Antibacterial Effects of Allspice, Garlic, and Oregano Essential Oils in Tomato Films Determined by Overlay and Vapor- Phase Methods SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE edible film; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Listeria monocytogenes; plant essential oils; Salmonella enterica ID PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PUREE EDIBLE FILMS; MOISTURE BARRIER PROPERTIES; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; PERMEABILITY PROPERTIES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; STORAGE STABILITY; PIMENTA-DIOICA AB Physical properties as well as antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes of allspice, garlic, and oregano essential oils (EOs) in tomato puree film-forming solutions (TPFFS) formulated into edible films at 0.5% to 3% (w/w) concentrations were investigated in this study. Antimicrobial activities were determined by 2 independent methods: overlay of the film on top of the bacteria and vapor-phase diffusion of the antimicrobial from the film to the bacteria. The results indicate that the antimicrobial activities against the 3 pathogens were in the following order: oregano oil > allspice oil > garlic oil. Listeria monocytogenes was less resistant to EO vapors, while E. coli O157:H7 was more resistant to EOs as determined by both overlay and vapor-phase diffusion tests. The presence of plant EO antimicrobials reduced the viscosity of TPFFS at the higher shear rates, but did not affect water vapor permeability of films. EOs increased elongation and darkened the color of films. The results of the present study show that the 3 plant-derived EOs can be used to prepare tomato-based antimicrobial edible films with good physical properties for food applications by both direct contact and indirectly by vapors emanating from the films. C1 [Du, W-X.; Olsen, C. W.; Avena-Bustillos, R. J.; McHugh, T. H.; Levin, C. E.; Mandrell, R.; Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Avena-Bustillos, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM roberto.avena@ars.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU USDA; CSREES NRI [2006-35201-17409] FX Supported by USDA, CSREES NRI Grant 2006-35201-17409. NR 56 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 74 IS 7 BP M390 EP M397 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01289.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 490JY UT WOS:000269498300027 PM 19895486 ER PT J AU Du, WX Olsen, CW Avena-Bustillos, RJ McHugh, TH Levin, CE Friedman, M AF Du, W-X. Olsen, C. W. Avena-Bustillos, R. J. McHugh, T. H. Levin, C. E. Friedman, Mendel TI Effects of Allspice, Cinnamon, and Clove Bud Essential Oils in Edible Apple Films on Physical Properties and Antimicrobial Activities SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allspice; cinnamon; clove bud; edible film; Escherichia coli O157:H7; essential oils; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella enterica ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; FRESH-CUT APPLES; SHELF-LIFE; ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; STORAGE STABILITY; PIMENTA-DIOICA; PERMEABILITY AB Essential oils (EOs) derived from plants are rich sources of volatile terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Such compounds have the potential to inactivate pathogenic bacteria on contact and in the vapor phase. Edible films made from fruits or vegetables containing EOs can be used commercially to protect food against contamination by pathogenic bacteria. EOs from cinnamon, allspice, and clove bud plants are compatible with the sensory characteristics of apple-based edible films. These films could extend product shelf life and reduce risk of pathogen growth on food surfaces. This study evaluated physical properties (water vapor permeability, color, tensile properties) and antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes of allspice, cinnamon, and clove bud oils in apple puree film-forming solutions formulated into edible films at 0.5% to 3% (w/w) concentrations. Antimicrobial activities were determined by 2 independent methods: overlay of the film on top of the bacteria and vapor phase diffusion of the antimicrobial from the film to the bacteria. The antimicrobial activities against the 3 pathogens were in the following order: cinnamon oil > clove bud oil > allspice oil. The antimicrobial films were more effective against L. monocytogenes than against the S. enterica. The oils reduced the viscosity of the apple solutions and increased elongation and darkened the colors of the films. They did not affect water vapor permeability. The results show that apple-based films with allspice, cinnamon, or clove bud oils were active against 3 foodborne pathogens by both direct contact with the bacteria and indirectly by vapors emanating from the films. C1 [Du, W-X.; Olsen, C. W.; Avena-Bustillos, R. J.; McHugh, T. H.; Levin, C. E.; Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Avena-Bustillos, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM roberto.avena@ars.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU USDA, CSREES NRI [2006-3520117409] FX This study was supported by USDA, CSREES NRI grant 2006-3520117409. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 74 IS 7 BP M372 EP M378 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01282.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 490JY UT WOS:000269498300024 PM 19895483 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE Safford, H Fotheringham, CJ Franklin, J Moritz, M AF Keeley, Jon E. Safford, Hugh Fotheringham, C. J. Franklin, Janet Moritz, Max TI The 2007 Southern California Wildfires: Lessons in Complexity SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fuel-driven fires; southern California; terrain-driven fires; wind-driven fires; urban fuels; wildland-urban interface ID HIGH-INTENSITY FIRE; SHRUBLANDS; MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE; AGE AB The 2007 wildfire season in southern California burned over 1,000,000 ac (similar to 400,000 ha) and included several megafires. We use the 2007 fires as a case study to draw three major lessons about wildfires and wildfire complexity in southern California. First, the great majority of large fires in southern California occur in the autumn under the influence of Santa Ana windstorms. These fires also cost the most to contain and cause the most damage to life and property, and the October 2007 fires were no exception because thousands of homes were lost and seven people were killed. Being pushed by wind gusts over 100 kph, young fuels presented little barrier to their spread as the 2007 fires reburned considerable portions of the area burned in the historic 2003 fire season. Adding to the size of these fires was the historic 2006-2007 drought that contributed to high dead fuel loads and long distance spotting. As in 2003, young chaparral stands and fuel treatments were not reliable barriers to fire in October 2007. Second, the Zaca Fire in July and August 2007 showed that other factors besides high winds can sometimes combine to create conditions for large fires in southern California. Spring and summer fires in southern California chaparral are usually easily contained because of higher fuel moisture and the general lack of high winds. However, the Zaca Fire burned in a remote wilderness area of rugged terrain that made access difficult. In addition, because of its remoteness, anthropogenic ignitions have been low and stand age and fuel loads were high. Coupled with this was severe drought that year that generated fuel moisture levels considerably below normal for early summer. A third lesson comes from 2007 conifer forest fires in the southern California mountains. In contrast to lower elevation chaparral, fire suppression has led to major increases in conifer forest fuels that can lead to unnaturally severe fires when ignitions escape control. The Slide and Grass Valley Fires of October 2007 occurred in forests that had been subject to extensive fuel treatment, but fire control was complicated by a patchwork of untreated private properties and mountain homes built of highly flammable materials. in a fashion reminiscent of other recent destructive conifer fires in California, burning homes themselves were a major source of fire spread. These lessons suggest that the most important advances in fire safety in this region are to come from advances in fire prevention, fire preparedness, and land-use planning that includes fire hazard patterns. C1 [Keeley, Jon E.; Fotheringham, C. J.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 92371 USA. [Safford, Hugh] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Fotheringham, C. J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Franklin, Janet] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Moritz, Max] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Natl Pk,47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 92371 USA. EM jon_keeley@usgs.gov; hughsafford@fs.fed.us; fire_ecology@verizon.net; janet@sciences.sdsu.edu; mmoritz@nature.berkeley.edu NR 40 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 45 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 107 IS 6 BP 287 EP 296 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 495MB UT WOS:000269895900003 ER PT J AU Surendra, GC Mehmood, S Schelhas, J AF Surendra, G. C. Mehmood, Sayeed Schelhas, John TI Segmenting Landowners Based on Their Information-Seeking Behavior: A Look at Landowner Education on the Red Oak Borer SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest landowner groups; cluster analysis; landowner outreach ID FOREST OWNERS; NEEDS AB This study uses a segmentation technique to classify landowners into four relevant groups to explore their information-seeking behavior about the red oak borer-an insect pest found primarily in the Ozark and Ouachita regions of Arkansas. Cluster Analysis technique was used to classify landowners into four groups-amenity focused rural, amenity focused urban, passive rural, and passive urban landowners-based on ownership objectives and rural and urban residence of the landowner. A relatively higher proportion (58%) of amenity focused rural landowners were familiar with red oak borer problems while the level of familiarity was more or less similar among passive rural (35%), amenity focused urban (36%), and passive urban (33%) landowners. Urban residents primarily received information about the red oak borer through mass media whereas rural residents relied on personal communication. Those that had taken some steps to reduce red oak borer impacts ranged from 14 to 19% among amenity focused urban, passive rural, and amenity focused rural landowners while none of the passive urban landowners had taken any action. The results from our study also suggest that targeting landowners based on their ownership objectives may be useful to stimulate forest management. If suitably targeted to amenity focused landowners, personal communication, although expensive and time-consuming, can he fruitful and a more efficient way to optimize resources. C1 [Mehmood, Sayeed] Univ Arkansas, Sch Forest Resources, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Schelhas, John] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. EM gcsuren4@yahoo.com; mehmood@uamont.edu; jschelhas@fs.fed.us NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 107 IS 6 BP 313 EP 319 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 495MB UT WOS:000269895900006 ER PT J AU Moser, WK Barnard, EL Billings, RF Crocker, SJ Dix, ME Gray, AN Ice, GG Kim, MS Reid, R Rodman, SU McWilliams, WH AF Moser, W. Keith Barnard, Edward L. Billings, Ronald F. Crocker, Susan J. Dix, Mary Ellen Gray, Andrew N. Ice, George G. Kim, Mee-Sook Reid, Richard Rodman, Sue U. McWilliams, William H. TI Impacts of Nonnative Invasive Species on US Forests and Recommendations for Policy and Management SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Review DE forests; nonnative invasive species; policy ID EMERALD ASH BORER; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; THREAT; ECOSYSTEMS; CHALLENGES; COLEOPTERA; PATHOGEN; GROWTH AB The introduction of normative invasive species (NNIS) into the United States has had tremendous impacts on the notion's commercial and urban forest resources. Of principal concern are the effects of NNIS on forest composition, structure, function, productivity, and patterns of carbon sequestration. In 2006, the Society of American Foresters commissioned an ad hoc team to prepare a white paper on the effect of NNIS on America's forests. The paper was the genesis of this article, which provides an overview of the impacts of NNIS within the United States and includes recommendations for NNIS policy and management. C1 [Moser, W. Keith; Crocker, Susan J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. [Barnard, Edward L.] Florida Div Forestry, Gainesville, FL USA. [Billings, Ronald F.] Texas Forest Serv, College Stn, TX USA. [Dix, Mary Ellen] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Gray, Andrew N.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ice, George G.] NCASI, Corvallis, OR USA. [Kim, Mee-Sook] Kookmin Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Seoul, South Korea. [Rodman, Sue U.] Anchorage Fire Dept, Anchorage, AK USA. [McWilliams, William H.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA USA. RP Moser, WK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. EM wkmoser@fs.fed.us; barnare@doacs.state.fl.us; rbillings@tfs.tamu.edu; scrocker@fs.fed.us; mdix@fs.fed.us; agray01@fs.fed.us; gice@wcrc-ncasi.org; mkim@kookmin.ac.kr; rreid66519@aol.com; rodmansu@ci.anchorage.ak.us; wmcwilliams@fs.fed.us NR 69 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 33 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 107 IS 6 BP 320 EP 327 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 495MB UT WOS:000269895900007 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Sumerford, DV Miller, NJ Kim, KS Sappington, TW Siegfried, BD Lewis, LC AF Coates, Brad S. Sumerford, Douglas V. Miller, Nicholas J. Kim, Kyung S. Sappington, Thomas W. Siegfried, Blair D. Lewis, Leslie C. TI Comparative Performance of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Microsatellite Markers for Population Genetic Analysis SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE neutrality; population structure; single nucleotide polymorphism ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; MULTIPLE TRANSATLANTIC INTRODUCTIONS; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE POPULATIONS; COLEOPTERA; SNPS; CONSERVATION; EVOLUTION; LOCI; PERSPECTIVE AB Microsatellite loci are standard genetic markers for population genetic analysis, whereas single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are more recent tools that require assessment of neutrality and appropriate use in population genetics. Twelve SNP markers were used to describe the genetic structure of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the United States of America and revealed a high mean observed heterozygosity (0.40 +/- 0.059) and low global F(ST) (0.029). Pairwise F(ST) estimates ranged from 0.007 to 0.045, and all but 2 populations showed significant levels of genetic differentiation (P < 0.008). Population parameters and conclusions based on SNP markers were analogous to that obtained by use of microsatellite markers from the identical population samples. SNP-based F(ST) estimates were 3-fold higher than corresponding estimates from microsatellites, wherein lower microsatellite F(ST) estimates likely resulted from an overestimate of migration rates between subpopulations due to convergence of allele size (homoplasy). No significant difference was observed in the proportion of SNP or microsatellite markers loci that were nonneutral within populations. SNP markers provided estimates of population genetic parameters consistent with those from microsatellite data, and their low back mutation rates may result in reduced propensity for error in estimation of population parameters. C1 [Coates, Brad S.; Sumerford, Douglas V.; Miller, Nicholas J.; Kim, Kyung S.; Sappington, Thomas W.; Lewis, Leslie C.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sumerford, Douglas V.; Sappington, Thomas W.; Lewis, Leslie C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Siegfried, Blair D.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Coates, BS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brad.coates@usda.ars.gov RI Miller, Nicholas/I-4119-2012 OI Miller, Nicholas/0000-0001-9827-8286 FU United States Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System (CRIS) [016] FX United States Department of Agriculture Current Research Information System (CRIS) project 016. NR 42 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 35 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 100 IS 5 BP 556 EP 564 DI 10.1093/jhered/esp028 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 486OO UT WOS:000269206800006 PM 19525239 ER PT J AU Cervantes-Martinez, I Sandhu, D Xu, M Ortiz-Perez, E Kato, KK Horner, HT Palmer, RG AF Cervantes-Martinez, Innan Sandhu, Devinder Xu, Min Ortiz-Perez, Evelyn Kato, Kiyoaki K. Horner, Harry T. Palmer, Reid G. TI The Male Sterility Locus ms3 Is Present in a Fertility Controlling Gene Cluster in Soybean SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Fsp1; gene cluster; Glycine max; male sterility; ms3 mutant; msMOS ID RESISTANCE GENES; GLYCINE-MAX; LINKAGE; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; MUTANTS; REGION AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is self-pollinated. To produce large quantities of hybrid seed, insect-mediated cross-pollination is necessary. An efficient nuclear male-sterile system for hybrid seed production would benefit from molecular and/or phenotypic markers linked to male fertility/sterility loci to facilitate early identification of phenotypes. Nuclear male-sterile, female-fertile ms3 mutant is a single recessive gene and displays high outcrossed seed set with pollinators. Our objective was to map the ms3 locus. A segregating population of 150 F(2) plants from Minsoy (PI 27890) x T284H, Ms3ms3 (A00-68), was screened with 231 simple sequence repeat markers. The ms3 locus mapped to molecular linkage group (MLG) D1b (Gm02) and is flanked by markers Satt157 and Satt542, with a distance of 3.7 and 12.3 cM, respectively. Female-partial sterile-1 (Fsp1) and the Midwest Oilseed male-sterile (msMOS) mutants previously were located on MLG D1b. msMOS and Fsp1 are independent genes located very close to each other. All 3 genes are located in close proximity of Satt157. We believe that this is the first report of clustering of fertility-related genes in plants. Characterization of these closely linked genes may help in understanding the evolutionary relationship among them. C1 [Palmer, Reid G.] USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cervantes-Martinez, Innan; Xu, Min; Palmer, Reid G.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sandhu, Devinder] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Ortiz-Perez, Evelyn] Dairyland Seed Co Inc, Otterbein, IN 47970 USA. [Kato, Kiyoaki K.] Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Dept Crop Sci, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0807555, Japan. [Horner, Harry T.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Horner, Harry T.] Iowa State Univ, Microscopy & NanoImaging Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM reid.palmer@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 100 IS 5 BP 565 EP 570 DI 10.1093/jhered/esp054 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 486OO UT WOS:000269206800007 PM 19617521 ER PT J AU Sun, QR Sun, HS Li, LG Bell, RL AF Sun, Qingrong Sun, Hongyan Li, Linguang Bell, Richard L. TI In vitro colchicine-induced polyploid plantlet production and regeneration from leaf explants of the diploid pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivar, 'Fertility' SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCTION; CULTURE; AUTOTETRAPLOIDS; GROWTH AB Polyploid plantlets, including triploid, tetraploid, and mixoploid, were induced from the European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivar 'Fertility' by in vitro colchicine treatment of leaf explants. The leaf explants were incubated in 0.4% (w/v) colchicine for 24, 48, or 72 h, then transferred to adventitious shoot-induction medium. Regenerated shoots were pre-selected according to their morphological characteristics when compared to control shoots from untreated shoot proliferation cultures. Shoots with putative polyploid morphological characteristics were maintained and proliferated. The ploidy levels of all putative polyploid individuals were analysed by flow cytometry and identified by chromosome counts of shoot tip tissue squashes. Polyploid shoots were rooted, and the resulting plantlets were transferred to the field. Polyploid plantlets had a higher specific leaf mass and larger stomata than those of diploid plantlets. C1 [Sun, Qingrong; Sun, Hongyan; Li, Linguang] Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An 271000, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Bell, Richard L.] USDA, ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Sun, QR (reprint author), Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An 271000, Shandong, Peoples R China. EM qingrongsun@hotmail.com FU Shandong Outstanding Scientist Research Award Project [01DS48] FX This research was supported by funds from the Shandong Outstanding Scientist Research Award Project (01DS48). NR 23 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 1462-0316 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 84 IS 5 BP 548 EP 552 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 527TO UT WOS:000272389600015 ER PT J AU Rijavec, T Kovac, M Kladnik, A Chourey, PS Dermastia, M AF Rijavec, Tomaz Kovac, Maja Kladnik, Ales Chourey, Prem S. Dermastia, Marina TI A Comparative Study on the Role of Cytokinins in Caryopsis Development in the Maize miniature1 Seed Mutant and Its Wild Type SO JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 9-glucosylation; cell wall invertase; cytokinins; maize caryopsis; miniature1 ID PLANT-CELL CYCLE; KERNEL DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; DEVELOPING ENDOSPERM; ENDOREDUPLICATION; TRANSLOCATION; INVERTASES; ENCODES AB We report here on a comparative developmental profile of plant hormone cytokinins in relation to cell size, cell number and endoreduplication in developing maize caryopsis of a cell wall invertase-deficient miniature1 (mn1) seed mutant and its wild type, Mn1, genotype. Both genotypes showed extremely high levels of total cytokinins during the very early stages of development, followed by a marked and genotype specific reduction. While the decrease of cytokinins in Mn1 was associated with their deactivation by 9-glucosylation, the absolute and the relative part of active cytokinin forms was higher in the mutant. During the exponential growth phase of endosperm between 6 d after pollination and 9 d after pollination, the mean cell doubling time, the absolute growth rate and the level of endoreduplication were similar in the two genotypes. However, the entire duration of growth was longer in Mn1 compared with mn1, resulting in a significantly higher cell number in the Mn1 endosperm. These data correlate with the previously reported peak levels of the Mn1-encoded cell wall invertase-2 (INCW2) at 12 d after pollination in the Mn1 endosperm. A model showing possible crosstalk among cytokinins, cell cycle and cell wall invertase as causal to increased cell number and sink strength of the Mn1 developing endosperm is discussed. C1 [Rijavec, Tomaz; Kovac, Maja; Dermastia, Marina] Natl Inst Biol, Dept Biotechnol & Syst Biol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Kladnik, Ales; Dermastia, Marina] Univ Ljubljana, Biotech Fac, Dept Biol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Chourey, Prem S.] ARS, USDA, Chem Res Unit, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Dermastia, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Biol, Dept Biotechnol & Syst Biol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. EM marina.dermastia@nib.si RI Kladnik, Ales/B-6045-2008 OI Kladnik, Ales/0000-0002-3466-0088 FU Slovenian Research Agency [P1-0212]; USA-Slovenia Cooperation in Science and Technology [BI-US/0607-031] FX This work was supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (P1-0212) and by the USA-Slovenia Cooperation in Science and Technology (BI-US/0607-031). This was a cooperative investigation by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9072 J9 J INTEGR PLANT BIOL JI J. Integr. Plant Biol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 51 IS 9 BP 840 EP 849 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2009.00863.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 494RO UT WOS:000269833300004 PM 19723243 ER PT J AU Strelkoff, TS Clemmens, AJ Bautista, E AF Strelkoff, Theodor S. Clemmens, Albert J. Bautista, Eduardo TI Field Properties in Surface Irrigation Management and Design SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FURROW IRRIGATION; BORDER IRRIGATION; INFILTRATION FUNCTION; FLOW; PERFORMANCE; ADVANCE; MODEL; VARIABILITY; RESISTANCE; PRECISION AB Field properties-topography, hydraulic resistance, and infiltration-play an important role in the performance of surface irrigation systems, and appropriate characterizations of these are required as data input to simulation or design software. The EWRI/ASCE Task Committee on Soil and Crop Hydraulic Properties has been charged with preparing a guide for practitioners faced with such data entry. The result is this special section of the Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering in which this paper is the first in the series presented. It describes the characteristics of these field properties and notes a series of caveats to be considered when dealing with them in the course of analyses or designs of surface irrigation systems. C1 [Strelkoff, Theodor S.; Clemmens, Albert J.; Bautista, Eduardo] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Strelkoff, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM theodor.strelkoff@ars.usda.gov; bert.clemmens@ars.usda.gov; eduardo.bautista@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 EI 1943-4774 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN ENG JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 135 IS 5 BP 525 EP 536 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000119 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 494VO UT WOS:000269847600002 ER PT J AU Bautista, E Strelkoff, TS AF Bautista, E. Strelkoff, T. S. TI Soil and Crop Hydraulic Properties in Surface Irrigation SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bautista, E.; Strelkoff, T. S.] Task Comm Soil & Crop Hydraul Properties, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Bautista, E.; Strelkoff, T. S.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Bautista, E (reprint author), Task Comm Soil & Crop Hydraul Properties, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Bautista@ars.usda.gov; Theodor.Strelkoff@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 135 IS 5 BP 523 EP 524 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000143 PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 494VO UT WOS:000269847600001 ER PT J AU Strelkoff, TS Clemmens, AJ Bautista, E AF Strelkoff, Theodor S. Clemmens, Albert J. Bautista, Eduardo TI Estimation of Soil and Crop Hydraulic Properties SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE IRRIGATION ADVANCE; ESTIMATING INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS; BORDER-IRRIGATION; FURROW INFILTRATION; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; INTAKE PARAMETERS; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; MODELS; IDENTIFICATION; TIME AB Some two dozen methods for estimating infiltration and roughness parameters from field measurements of test irrigations are reviewed in this paper. They differ in their assumptions, ease of analysis, quantity of field data required, and accuracy. They are divided into two broad categories, depending upon the basic approach to determine infiltration. One features direct application of mass conservation, expressed in terms of the infiltration parameters and then inverted in some way in order to extract those parameters. The other involves repeated simulation with a sequence of values of the infiltration parameters, coupled to some kind of search procedure-an optimization-to minimize differences between simulation and measurement. A new one-point technique is proposed, along with suggestions for extending existing methods. C1 [Strelkoff, Theodor S.; Clemmens, Albert J.; Bautista, Eduardo] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Strelkoff, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Theodor.Strelkoff@ars.usda.gov; Bert.Clemmens@ars.usda.gov; Eduardo.Bautista@ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 135 IS 5 BP 537 EP 555 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000088 PG 19 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 494VO UT WOS:000269847600003 ER PT J AU Bautista, E Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS AF Bautista, E. Clemmens, A. J. Strelkoff, T. S. TI Structured Application of the Two-Point Method for the Estimation of Infiltration Parameters in Surface Irrigation SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID FURROW INFILTRATION; 2-DIMENSIONAL INFILTRATION; MEASUREMENT ACCURACY; BORDER-IRRIGATION; SHAPE FACTOR; ADVANCE DATA; FLOW; MODELS; VOLUME; SOIL AB The two-point method is one of the best known procedures for estimating empirical infiltration parameters from surface irrigation evaluation data and mass balance, mainly because of its limited data requirements and mathematical simplicity. However, past research have shown that the method can produce inaccurate results. This paper examines the limitations of the method, reviews alternatives for improving two-point method results based on data that are collected or can easily be collected as part of a two-point evaluation, and suggests strategies for estimation and validation of results for different levels of evaluation data. Results show the limitations of formulating the estimation problem with advance data only and the benefits of using instead an advance and a postadvance mass balance relationship in the analysis. Because different combinations of parameters can satisfy the mass balance equations, the estimated function cannot be extrapolated reliably beyond the times used in formulating those relationships. While results can be used with confidence to characterize the performance of the evaluated irrigation event, they need to be used carefully for operational analysis and design purposes. C1 [Bautista, E.; Clemmens, A. J.; Strelkoff, T. S.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Bautista, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM Eduardo.Bautista@ars.usda.gov; Bert.Clemmens@ars.usda.gov; Theodor.Strelkoff@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 135 IS 5 BP 566 EP 578 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000054 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 494VO UT WOS:000269847600005 ER PT J AU Bautista, E Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS AF Bautista, E. Clemmens, A. J. Strelkoff, T. S. TI Optimal and Postirrigation Volume Balance Infiltration Parameter Estimates for Basin Irrigation SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-IRRIGATION; ADVANCE AB Engineering analysis of surface irrigation systems is predicated on reasonably accurate estimates of a field's infiltration properties. Optimal estimation methods pose multiple volume balance equations at various stages of an irrigation event and are assumed to produce the most accurate results among volume balance based procedures. They have the disadvantage of requiring surface volume determinations, which may be difficult to obtain in practice under many field conditions. This study contrasts infiltration solutions from optimal and a simpler postirrigation volume balance method and examines the implications of those solutions on the performance of management strategies with zero-slope and low-gradient basins. With those types of systems, there is little benefit in using optimization over postirrigation volume balance due to the nonuniqueness of solutions and uncertainties of inputs required by the estimation procedures. In addition, system hydraulic characteristics mitigate the insensitivity of the distribution uniformity to reasonable variations in infiltration characteristics from those assumed in the analysis. For the type of systems considered here, management can be optimized based on time needed to infiltrate a target depth, even if the infiltration function parameters are uncertain. C1 [Bautista, E.; Clemmens, A. J.; Strelkoff, T. S.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Bautista, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Ln, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM eduardo.bautista@ars.usda.gov; bert.clemmens@ars.usda.gov; theodor.strelkoff@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 135 IS 5 BP 579 EP 587 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000018 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 494VO UT WOS:000269847600006 ER PT J AU Elder, SJ Lichtenstein, AH Pittas, AG Roberts, SB Fuss, PJ Greenberg, AS McCrory, MA Bouchard, TJ Saltzman, E Neale, MC AF Elder, Sonya J. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Pittas, Anastassios G. Roberts, Susan B. Fuss, Paul J. Greenberg, Andrew S. McCrory, Megan A. Bouchard, Thomas J., Jr. Saltzman, Edward Neale, Michael C. TI Genetic and environmental influences on factors associated with cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE twins; heritability; genetics; risk factors ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; TWINS REARED APART; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; FASTING PLASMA-GLUCOSE; BETA-CELL FUNCTION; BODY-MASS INDEX; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SERUM-LIPIDS; CARDIOMETABOLIC SYNDROME; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The relative influence of genetics and the environment on factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. We performed model-fitting analyses to quantify genetic, common environmental, and unique environmental variance components of factors associated with CVD and MetS [ waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting plasma lipids] in adult male and female monozygotic twins reared apart or together. We also investigated whether MetS components share common influences. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were highly heritable (56-77%, statistically significant). Waist circumference, plasma glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR, and blood pressure were moderately heritable (43-57%, statistically significant). Unique environmental factors contributed to the variance of all variables (20-38%, perforce statistically significant). Common environmental factors contributed 23, 30, and 42% (statistically significant) of the variance of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and plasma glucose, respectively. Two shared factors influenced MetS components; one influenced all components except HDL cholesterol, another influenced only lipid (triglyceride and HDL cholesterol) concentrations. These results suggest that genetic variance has a dominant influence on total variance of factors associated with CVD and MetS and support the proposal of one or more underlying pathologies of MetS.-Elder, S. J., A. H. Lichtenstein, A. G. Pittas, S. B. Roberts, P. J. Fuss, A. S. Greenberg, M. A. McCrory, T. J. Bouchard, Jr., E. Saltzman, and M. C. Neale. Genetic and environmental influences on factors associated with cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. J. Lipid Res. 2009. 50: 1917-1926. C1 [Neale, Michael C.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Virginia Inst Psychiat & Behav Genet, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Neale, Michael C.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Psychiat, Richmond, VA USA. [Elder, Sonya J.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Roberts, Susan B.; Fuss, Paul J.; Greenberg, Andrew S.; Saltzman, Edward] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pittas, Anastassios G.] Tufts Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA USA. [McCrory, Megan A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McCrory, Megan A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bouchard, Thomas J., Jr.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Psychol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Neale, MC (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Virginia Inst Psychiat & Behav Genet, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM neale@vcu.edu FU National Institutes of Health [DK046124, DK79003, DK76092, DK78867, MH65322, DA18673, DK73321, 5T32 HL069772]; US Department of Agriculture FX Funding support for this project was provided by the National Institutes of Health (DK046124, DK79003, DK76092, DK78867, MH65322, DA18673, DK73321 and 5T32 HL069772) and the US Department of Agriculture under agreements no. 1950-51000-061-04S, 1950-51000-059-04S. and 1950-51000061-05S. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 82 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 EI 1539-7262 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1917 EP 1926 DI 10.1194/jlr.P900033-JLR200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 484LO UT WOS:000269046600020 PM 19372593 ER PT J AU Matthan, NR Pencina, M LaRocque, JM Jacques, PF D'Agostino, RB Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Matthan, Nirupa R. Pencina, Michael LaRocque, Jane M. Jacques, Paul F. D'Agostino, Ralph B. Schaefer, Ernst J. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Alterations in cholesterol absorption/synthesis markers characterize Framingham Offspring Study participants with CHD SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lipids; lipoproteins; lathosterol; desmosterol; phytosterols; campesterol; sitosterol; coronary heart disease ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; SCANDINAVIAN SIMVASTATIN SURVIVAL; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; SERUM PLANT STEROLS; HEART-DISEASE; NONCHOLESTEROL STEROLS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PRIMARY PREVENTION; DIABETES-MELLITUS AB Data is limited on measures influencing cholesterol homeostasis in subjects at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) relative to established risk factors. To address this, we quantified circulating indicators of cholesterol homeostasis (plasma phytosterols and cholesterol precursor concentrations as surrogate measures of cholesterol absorption and synthesis, respectively) in Framingham Offspring Study Cycle-6 participants diagnosed with established CVD and/or >= 50% carotid stenosis not taking lipid lowering medication (cases, N = 155) and matched controls (N = 414). Cases and controls had similar plasma LDL-cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in males, while triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in female cases relative to their respective controls. Cholesterol absorption markers were significantly higher (229 +/- 7 vs. 196 +/- 4, 169 +/- 6 vs. 149 +/- 3 and 144 +/- 5 vs. 135 +/- 3 for campesterol, sitosterol, and cholestanol, respectively), whereas cholesterol synthesis markers were significantly lower (116 +/- 4 vs. 138 +/- 3, 73 +/- 3 vs. 75 +/- 2 for lathosterol and desmosterol, respectively) in cases compared with controls, irrespective of sex. After controlling for standard risk factors, campesterol (2.47 [1.71-3.56]; P < 0.0001), sitosterol (1.86 [1.38-2.50]; P < 0.0001), cholestanol (1.57 [1.09-2.27]; P = 0.02), desmosterol (0.59 [0.42-0.84]; P = 0.003), and lathosterol (0.58 [0.43-0.77]; P = 0.0002) were significantly associated with CVD (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]). These data suggest that impaired cholesterol homeostasis, reflected by lower synthesis and higher absorption marker concentrations, are highly significant independent predictors of prevalent CVD in this study population.-Matthan N. R., M. Pencina, J. M. LaRocque, P. F. Jacques, R. B. D'Agostino, E. J. Schaefer, and A. H. Lichtenstein. Alterations in cholesterol absorption/synthesis markers characterize Framingham Offspring Study participants with CHD. J. Lipid Res. 2009. 50: 1927-1935. C1 [Matthan, Nirupa R.; LaRocque, Jane M.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Nutr Epidemiol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pencina, Michael; D'Agostino, Ralph B.] Boston Univ, Stat & Consulting Unit, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Matthan, NR (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nirupa.matthan@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health [HL-074388, NO1-HC-25195]; US Department of Agriculture FX This work was supported by grant HL-074388 (N. R. M., J. M. L., P. F. J., E. J. S., A. H. L.) from the National Institutes of Health, NO1-HC-25195 (M. P., R. B. D.), and the US Department of Agriculture, under agreement no. 58-19504-401. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 48 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1927 EP 1935 DI 10.1194/jlr.P900039-JLR200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 484LO UT WOS:000269046600021 PM 19436064 ER PT J AU Guerrero, FD Down, SE Djikeng, A Wiley, G Macmil, S Saldivar, L Najar, F Roe, BA AF Guerrero, F. D. Down, S. E. Djikeng, A. Wiley, G. Macmil, S. Saldivar, L. Najar, F. Roe, B. A. TI A Database of Expressed Genes From Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cochliomyia hominivorax; expressed sequence tags; 454 pyrosequencing; sex-lethal; gene ontology terms ID PROTEIN RESOURCE UNIPROT; SEX-LETHAL; DROSOPHILA; SEQUENCE AB We used an expressed sequence tag and 454 pyrosequencing approach to initiate a study of the genome of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Two normalized cDNA libraries were constructed from RNA isolated from embryos and second instar larvae from the Panama 95 strain. Approximately 5,400 clones from each library were sequenced from both the 5' and 3' directions using the Sanger method. In addition, double-stranded cDNA was prepared from random-primed poly A RNA purified from embryos, second-instar larvae, adult males, and adult females. These four cDNA samples were used for 454 pyrosequencing that produced approximate to 300,000 independent sequences. Sequences were assembled into a database of assembled contigs and singletons and used to search public protein databases and annotate the sequences. The full database consists of 6,076 contigs and 58,221 singletons assembled from both the traditional expressed sequence tag (EST) and 454 sequences. Annotation of the data led to the identification of several gene coding regions with possible roles in sex determination in the screwworm. This database will facilitate the design of inicroarray and other experiments to study screwworm gene expression on a larger scale than previously possible. C1 [Guerrero, F. D.; Saldivar, L.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Down, S. E.] Res & Testing Lab, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. [Djikeng, A.] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Wiley, G.; Macmil, S.; Najar, F.; Roe, B. A.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM felix.guerrero@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1116 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 491KD UT WOS:000269576700018 PM 19769042 ER PT J AU Barnard, D Xue, RD AF Barnard, Donald Xue, Rui-De TI Bloodmeal Mass and Oviparity Mediate Host Avidity and DEET Repellency in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asian tiger mosquito; partial bloodmeals; multiple bloodmeals; ovarian development; fecundity ID BODY-SIZE; AGE; MOSQUITO; PARITY; TIME AB This study was made to determine the effects of bloodmeal mass and oviparity in Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) on continued host-seeking activity in female mosquitoes and efficacy of the repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). There was a curvilinear relationship between bloodmeal mass in partially fed Ae. albopictus and host avidity with a threshold between 0.8 and 1.0 mg of ingested blood for reduced host seeking by female mosquitoes. Egg development and fecundity were related to bloodmeal mass, which also evoked significantly different mean host seeking rates in nulliparous and parous Ae. albopictus. The repellency of DEET to partially blood fed female mosquitoes depended on oviparity status and host avidity with repellent failure soonest in partially blood fed nullipars. C1 [Barnard, Donald] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Xue, Rui-De] Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. RP Barnard, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM don.barnard@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1239 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 491KD UT WOS:000269576700036 PM 19769060 ER PT J AU Cesar, TB Manthey, JA Myung, K AF Cesar, Thais B. Manthey, John A. Myung, Kyung TI Minor Furanocoumarins and Coumarins in Grapefruit Peel Oil as Inhibitors of Human Cytochrome P450 3A4 SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID JUICE COMPONENTS; CYP3A4; IDENTIFICATION AB A new cyclic acetal (1) of marmin (6',7'-dihydroxy-7-geranyloxycoumarin), two new cyclic acetals (5, 6) of 6',7'dihydroxybergamottin, and the known compounds marmin (2), 7-geranyloxycoumarin (3), bergamottin (4), and 6',7'dihydroxybergamottin (7) were isolated from grapefruit peel oil. All compounds were tested for inhibitory activity against intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4, an enzyme involved in the "grapefruit/drug" interactions in humans. Coumarins (1-3) exhibited negligible inhibitory activity, while the furanocoumarins (4-7) showed potent in vitro inhibitory activity With IC(50) values of 2.42, 0.13, 0.27, and 1.58 mu M, respectively. C1 [Manthey, John A.; Myung, Kyung] ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, S Atlantic Area, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Cesar, Thais B.] Univ Sao Paulo State, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Araraquara, Brazil. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, S Atlantic Area, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM John.Manthey@ars.usda.gov RI Cesar, Thais/I-4540-2013 OI Cesar, Thais/0000-0001-7878-7075 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1702 EP 1704 DI 10.1021/np900266m PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 507LS UT WOS:000270855600029 PM 19689106 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Meyer, SLF Morra, MJ AF Zasada, I. A. Meyer, S. L. F. Morra, M. J. TI Brassicaceous Seed Meals as Soil Amendments to Suppress the Plant-parasitic Nematodes Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne incognita SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amendment; isothiocyanate; glucosinolate; Pratylenchus penetrans; Meloidogyne incognita; brassica; seed meal ID GREEN MANURE; TYLENCHULUS-SEMIPENETRANS; PRODUCTS; HYDROLYSIS; PATHOGENS; RAPESEED; JAVANICA; RESIDUES; NITROGEN; PYTHIUM AB Brassicaceous seed meals are the residual materials remaining after the extraction of oil from seeds; these seed meals contain glucosinolates that potentially degrade to nematotoxic compounds upon incorporation into soil. This study compared the nematode-suppressive ability of four seed meals obtained from Brassica juncea 'Pacific Gold', B. napus 'Dwarf Essex' and 'Sunrise', and Sinapis alba 'IdaGold', against mixed stages of Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2). The brassicaceous seed meals were applied to soil in laboratory assays at rates ranging from 0.5 to 10.0% dry w/w with a nonamended control included. Nematode mortality was assessed after 3 days of exposure and calculated as percentage reduction compared to a nonamended control. Across seed meals, M. incognita J2 were more sensitive to the brassicaceous seed meals compared to mixed stages of P penetrans. Brassica juncea was the most nematode-suppressive seed meal with rates as low as 0.06% resulting in > 90% suppression of both plant-parasitic nematodes. In general B. napus 'Sunrise' was the least nematode-suppressive seed meal. Intermediate were the seed meals of S. alba and B. napus 'Dwarf Essex'; 90% suppression was achieved at 1.0% and 5.0% S. alba find 0.25% and 2.5% B. napus 'Dwarf Essex', for M. incognita and P penetrans, respectively. For B. juncea, seed meal glucosinolate-degradation products appeared to be responsible for nematode suppression; deactivated seed meal (wetted and heated at 70 degrees C for 48 hr) did not result in similar P. penetrans suppression compared to active seed meal. Sinapis alba seed meal particle size also played a role in nematode suppression with ground meal resulting in 93% suppression of P. penetrans compared with 37 to 46% suppression by pelletized S. alba seed meal. This study demonstrates that all seed meals are not equally suppressive to nematodes and that care should be taken when selecting a source of brassicaceous seed meal for plant-parasitic nematode management. C1 [Zasada, I. A.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Meyer, S. L. F.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Morra, M. J.] Univ Idaho, Soil & Land Resources Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Zasada, IA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Inga.Zasada@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Morra, Matthew/B-1723-2008 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 221 EP 227 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 610NB UT WOS:000278738600008 PM 22736818 ER PT J AU Timper, P Kone, D Yin, JF Ji, PS Gardener, BBM AF Timper, Patricia Kone, Daouda Yin, Jingfang Ji, Pingsheng Gardener, Brian B. McSpadden TI Evaluation of an Antibiotic-Producing Strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens for Suppression of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibiotic; biological control; corn; DAPG; Heterodera glycines; Meloidogyne arenaria; Meloidogyne incognita; Paratrichodorus minor; Pseudomonas fluorescens; root-knot nematode; stubby-root nematode; Zea mays ID INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; COMPOUNDS IN-VITRO; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; MELOIDOGYNE-JAVANICA; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; RHIZOSPHERE COLONIZATION; ROOT COLONIZATION; SOLANI REPRESSES; GENE-EXPRESSION; CROP HEALTH AB The antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), produced by some strains of Pseudomonas spp., is involved in suppression of several fungal root pathogens as well as plant-parasitic nematodes. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether Wood1R, a D-genotype strain of DAPG-producing P fluorescens, suppresses numbers of both sedentary and migratory plant-parasitic nematodes. An experiment was conducted in steam-heated soil and included two seed treatments (with Wood I R and a control without the bacterium) and six plant-nematode combinations which were Meloidogyne incognita on cotton, corn, and soybean; M. arenaria on peanut; Heterodera glycines on soybean; and Paratrichodorus minor on corn. Wood 1R had no effect on final numbers of M. arenaria, P minor; or H. glycines; however, final numbers of M. incognita were lower when seeds were treated with WoodIR than left untreated, and this reduction was consistent among host plants. Population densities of Wood I R were greater on the roots of corn than on the other crops, and the bacterium was most effective in suppressing M. incognita on corn, with an average reduction of 41%. Despite high population densities of Wood1R on corn, the bacterium was not able to suppress numbers of P minor. When comparing the suppression of M. incognita on corn in natural and steam-heated soil, egg production by the nematode was suppressed in natural compared to steamed soil, but the presence of Wood1R did not result in additional suppression of the nematodes in the natural soil. These data indicate that P fluorescens strain Wood1R has the capacity to inhibit some populations of plant-parasitic nematodes. However, consistent suppression of nematodes in natural soils seems unlikely. C1 [Timper, Patricia] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Kone, Daouda; Yin, Jingfang; Ji, Pingsheng] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Gardener, Brian B. McSpadden] Ohio State Univ, OARDC, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM patricia.timper@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 234 EP 240 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 610NB UT WOS:000278738600010 PM 22736820 ER PT J AU Qiu, JJ Westerdahl, BB Pryor, A AF Qiu, Jinya Jack Westerdahl, Becky B. Pryor, Alan TI Reduction of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and Ozone Mass Transfer in Soil Treated with Ozone SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE free-living nematode; fumigant; management; Meloidogyne javanica; methyl bromide; root-knot nematode; ozone; ozone mass transfer ID CONTAMINATED SOIL; ORGANIC-MATTER; OZONATION; REMEDIATION; DEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION; EFFICACY; KINETICS; QUALITY; WATER AB Ozone gas (O(3)) is a reactive oxidizing agent with biocidal properties. Because of the current phasing out of methyl bromide, investigations on the use of ozone gas as a soil-fumigant were conducted. Ozone gas was produced at a concentration of 1% in air by a conventional electrical discharge O(3) generator. Two O(3) dosages and three gas flow rates were tested on a sandy loam soil collected from a tomato field that had a resident population of root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica. At dosages equivalent to 50 and 250 kg of O(3)/ha, M. javanica were reduced by 24% and 68%, and free-fixing nematodes by 19% and 52%, respectively. The reduction for both M. javanica and free-living nematodes was dosage dependent and flow rate independent. The rates of O(3) mass transfer (OMT) through three soils of different texture were greater at low and high moisture levels than at. intermediate ones. At any one soil moisture level, the OMT rate varied with soil texture and soil organic matter content. Results suggest that soil texture, moisture, and organic matter content should be considered in determining O(3) dosage needed few effective nematode control. C1 [Pryor, Alan] Ozone Proc Consultants Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Qiu, Jinya Jack; Westerdahl, Becky B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Qiu, JJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, 650 Capitol Mall, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM bbwesterdahl@ucdavis.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 610NB UT WOS:000278738600011 PM 22736821 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Wu, M Botnen, JH AF Zeng, Huawei Wu, Min Botnen, James H. TI Methylselenol, a Selenium Metabolite, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in G1 Phase and Apoptosis via the Extracellular-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Pathway and Other Cancer Signaling Genes SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION TRIAL SELECT; PROSTATE-CANCER; TUMOR-CELLS; VITAMIN-E; SELENOMETHIONINE; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; INHIBITOR; P57(KIP2); INVASION AB Methylselenol has been hypothesized to be a critical selenium (Se) metabolite for anticancer activity in vivo, and our previous study demonstrated that submicromolar methylselenol generated by incubating methronase with seleno-L-methionine inhibits the migration and invasive potential of HT1080 tumor cells. However, little is known about the association between cancer signal pathways and methylselenol's inhibition of tumor cell invasion. In this study, we demonstrated that methylselenol exposure inhibited cell growth and we used a cancer signal pathway-specific array containing 15 different signal transduction pathways involved in oncogenesis to study the effect of methylselenol on cellular signaling. Using real-time RT-PCR, we confirmed that cellular mRNA levels of cyclin-de pendent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C), heme oxygenase 1, platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule, and PPAR gamma genes were upregulated to 2.8- to 5.7-fold of the control, BCL2-related protein A1, hedgehog interacting protein, and p53 target zinc finger protein genes were downregulated to 26-52% of the control, because of methylselenol exposure, These genes are directly related to the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Methylselenol increased apoptotic cells up to 3.4-fold of the control and inhibited the extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling and cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (c-Myc) expression. Taken together, our studies identify 7 novel methylselenol responsive genes and demonstrate that methylselenol inhibits ERK1/2 pathway activation and c-Myc expression. The regulation of these genes is likely to play a key role in G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which may contribute to the inhibition of tumor cell invasion. J. Nutr. 139: 1613-1618, 2009. C1 [Zeng, Huawei; Botnen, James H.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Wu, Min] Univ N Dakota, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM huawei.zeng@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, Agricultural Research Service FX Supported by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service. The USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Area, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 43 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 139 IS 9 BP 1613 EP 1618 DI 10.3945/jn.109.110320 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 485YV UT WOS:000269163300002 PM 19625696 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ AF Zunino, Susan J. TI Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Response to Grapes or Grape Products SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; CARBOHYDRATE EXCHANGE; GLUT4 TRANSLOCATION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; BETA-CELLS; ADULT RATS; IN-VIVO; INDEX; MICE AB Type 2 diabetes affects approximate to 7% of the population in the United States and is characterized by decreased disposal of glucose in peripheral tissues due to insulin resistance and overproduction of glucose by the liver, defects in pancreatic b-cell function, and decreased b-cell mass. Obesity, decreased physical exercise, and consumption of foods with a high glycemic index (GI) and load are major predisposing factors in the development of type 2 diabetes. The GI is used to evaluate the rise in blood glucose levels in response to food. The GI provides an indication of the quality of carbohydrate in a food. The glycemic load (GL) is used to provide information about the quantity of carbohydrates in a food and the insulin demand. Individuals with diabetes are advised to maintain a diet of low-GL foods, because low-GL diets improve diabetes symptoms. Grapes have a mean GI and GL in the low range. Little research has been performed with grapes and/or grape products to determine the glycemic response either alone or with a meal. Grapes and other fruits contain numerous polyphenols, including the stilbene resveratrol, the flavanol quercetin, catechins, and anthocyanins that have shown potential for reducing hyperglycemia, improving b-cell function, and protecting against b-cell loss. Therefore,with a lowmean GI and GL, grapes or grape products may provide health benefits to type 2 diabetics. J. Nutr. 139: 1794S-1800S, 2009. RP Zunino, SJ (reprint author), Univ California, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Service, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM susan.zunino@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 139 IS 9 BP 1794S EP 1800S DI 10.3945/jn.109.107631 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 485YV UT WOS:000269163300028 PM 19625702 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Willis, LM AF Joseph, James A. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Willis, Lauren M. TI Grape Juice, Berries, and Walnuts Affect Brain Aging and Behavior SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME-ACTIVITY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REACTIVE OXYGEN; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; GENE-EXPRESSION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AGED RATS; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS AB Numerous studies have indicated that individuals consuming a diet containing high amounts of fruits and vegetables exhibit fewer age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Research from our laboratory has suggested that dietary supplementation with fruit or vegetable extracts high in antioxidants (e.g. blueberries, strawberries, walnuts, and Concord grape juice) can decrease the enhanced vulnerability to oxidative stress that occurs in aging and these reductions are expressed as improvements in behavior. Additional mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables include enhancement of neuronal communication via increases in neuronal signaling and decreases in stress signals induced by oxidative/inflammatory stressors (e.g. nuclear factor kB). Moreover, collaborative findings indicate that blueberry or Concord grape juice supplementation in humans with mild cognitive impairment increased verbal memory performance, thus translating our animal findings to humans. Taken together, these results suggest that a greater intake of high-antioxidant foods such as berries, Concord grapes, and walnuts may increase "health span" and enhance cognitive and motor function in aging. C1 [Joseph, James A.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Willis, Lauren M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jim.joseph@ars.usda.gov FU Welch Foods, Inc., Concord, MA; USDA; NASA; California Walnut Commission FX Supported in part by Welch Foods, Inc., Concord, MA and supported by the USDA (J.A.J. and B.S.H.). L.W. is supported by NASA and the California Walnut Commission. NR 76 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 139 IS 9 BP 1813S EP 1817S DI 10.3945/jn.109.108266 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 485YV UT WOS:000269163300031 PM 19640963 ER PT J AU Cerin, E Barnett, A Baranowski, T AF Cerin, Ester Barnett, Anthony Baranowski, Tom TI Testing Theories of Dietary Behavior Change in Youth Using the Mediating Variable Model with Intervention Programs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE theory validation; mediation; dietary behavior; youth ID PROMOTE PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; WEIGHT MANAGEMENT; HEALTH BEHAVIORS; FRUIT; CHILDREN; OBESITY; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; NUTRITION AB Objective: To review and critique current experimentally-based evidence of theoretical mechanisms of dietary behavior chan c in youth and provide recommendations on ways to enhance theory evaluation. Methods: Interventions that examined mediators of dietary behavior change in youth (age 5-18 years) were identified via electronic database searches and reference scanning. Selected studies Were reviewed for quality and content and findings were tabulated. Results: Seven published interventions Were found. All were school-based but differed substantially in dietary outcome, target population, measures, methods of mediation analyses, and theoretical framework. Interventions were relatively unsuccessful in changing mediators. Self-efficacy and outcome expectations were the mechanisms most consistently associated with dietary behavior change. However, only outcome expectancies were identified as mediators in multiple interventions. Conclusions and implications: Few interventions have assessed the validity of theoretical mechanisms of dietary behavior change in Youth. The variability in the design and target populations across studies makes it impossible to draw conclusions regarding the validity of theories and mediators of dietary behavior change in youth. Future intervention trials need to focus on the identification of effective procedures for mediator change and adopt a more rigorous and systematic approach to theory testing. This is likely to result in more effective interventions. C1 [Cerin, Ester; Barnett, Anthony; Baranowski, Tom] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Cerin, E (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Inst Human Performance, 111-113 Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ecerin@hku.hk RI Cerin, Ester/L-1271-2015; OI Cerin, Ester/0000-0002-7599-165X; Barnett, Anthony/0000-0002-6320-4073; Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 NR 44 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 41 IS 5 BP 309 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2009.03.129 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 502AS UT WOS:000270426800002 PM 19717113 ER PT J AU Tsang, TW Briody, J Kohn, M Chow, CM Singh, MF AF Tsang, Tracey W. Briody, Julie Kohn, Michael Chow, Chin Moi Singh, Maria Fiatarone TI Abdominal Fat Assessment in Adolescents Using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE abdominal region; adiposity; adolescents; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; measurement ID VISCERAL ADIPOSE-TISSUE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; OBESE ADOLESCENTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDHOOD AB Background. Abdominal obesity is an increasing problem in adolescents, often persisting into adulthood. Reliable assessment has been restricted to techniques limited by relatively high radiation doses or cost. Aim: To investigate the reliability of several abdominal regions using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to assess the construct validity of these methods against metabolic profile. Methods: Inter- and intra-rater precision of two assessors were examined, for fat mass analysis in six different abdominal regions using DXA in overweight/obese and normal weight adolescents. Construct validity was examined in overweight/obese individuals. Results: All methods had acceptable intra- and inter-rater reliability. Region I was most precise in overweight/obese individuals, while Region 6 was most precise in normal weight individuals. In all regions, assessments were less precise in overweight/obese individuals. All regions were equally predictive of insulin outcomes. Conclusions: Abdominal adiposity can be reliably assessed in adolescents using DXA, and the most precisely assessed regions were identified. All regions predicted insulin outcomes. C1 [Tsang, Tracey W.; Chow, Chin Moi; Singh, Maria Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Briody, Julie] Childrens Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, Westmead, NSW, Australia. [Kohn, Michael] Childrens Hosp, Ctr Res Adolescent Hlth, Westmead, NSW, Australia. [Singh, Maria Fiatarone] Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA USA. [Singh, Maria Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tsang, TW (reprint author), Sydney Childrens Hosp, Ctr Childrens Canc & Blood Disorders, Level 1,High St, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. EM Tracey.Tsang@unsw.edu.au RI Tsang, Tracey/J-4399-2012; Chow, Chin Moi/B-2971-2013 OI Tsang, Tracey/0000-0002-3753-5506; Chow, Chin Moi/0000-0001-9916-9882 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 0334-018X J9 J PEDIATR ENDOCR MET JI J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 22 IS 9 BP 781 EP 794 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pediatrics GA 511YE UT WOS:000271206800004 PM 19960888 ER PT J AU Mornhinweg, DW Bregitzer, PP Porter, DR Peairs, FB Baltensperger, DD Hein, GL Randolph, A Koch, M Walker, T AF Mornhinweg, D. W. Bregitzer, P. P. Porter, D. R. Peairs, F. B. Baltensperger, D. D. Hein, G. L. Randolph, A. Koch, M. Walker, T. TI Registration of 'Sidney' Spring Feed Barley Resistant to Russian Wheat Aphid SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID HOMOPTERA; GERMPLASM AB 'Sidney' (Reg. No. CV-344, PI 641939), a Russian wheat aphid [RWA, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov)]-resistant, spring, two-rowed, feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) tested as 98BX 44B, was developed and released by the USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, and Aberdeen, ID; Colorado State University; and the University of Nebraska. Introduction of RWA to the United States effectively eliminated spring barley, the preferred alternate crop, in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotations, in eastern Colorado and western Nebraska. 'Otis', a spring barley well adapted to the high dry plains, is susceptible to RWA. STARS 9301B, the first RWA-resistant barley germplasm line released in the United States, has a high level of resistance to the aphid. With RWA resistance from STARS 9301B transferred to Otis through backcross breeding, Sidney outperforms Otis in this marginal production area. C1 [Mornhinweg, D. W.] ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Bregitzer, P. P.] ARS, USDA, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Porter, D. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Peairs, F. B.; Randolph, A.; Koch, M.; Walker, T.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Baltensperger, D. D.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Hein, G. L.] Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. RP Mornhinweg, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM Do.Mornhinweg@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 214 EP 218 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.04.0205crc PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 488SM UT WOS:000269370100002 ER PT J AU Urrea, CA Steadman, JR Pastor-Corrales, MA Lindgren, DT Venegas, JP AF Urrea, Carlos A. Steadman, J. R. Pastor-Corrales, M. A. Lindgren, D. T. Venegas, J. P. TI Registration of Great Northern Common Bean Cultivar 'Coyne' with Enhanced Disease Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight and Bean Rust SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB Great northern common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 'Coyne'(Reg. No. CV-287, PI 655574) was developed by the dry bean breeding program at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and released in 2008. It was bred specifically for adaptation to Nebraska growing conditions and for enhanced resistance to common bacterial blight (CBB), a major disease of common bean caused by the seed-borne bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye, and bean common rust Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers) Unger. Coyne is a great northern F(7:8) line derived from a three-way cross (G95023/Weihing//BelMiNeb-RMR-11). The first cross was made in winter 2003. The F(7:8) was tested in advanced yield trials at Scottsbluff and Mitchell, NE, and in growers' fields in Nebraska. Yield of Coyne was only 47 kg ha(-1) lower than 'Marquis' in Morrill and Scotts Bluff, NE, counties. Reaction of Coyne to CBB under field conditions was consistent across 3 yr at the West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte, NE, where field disease ratings of 3.2, 3.5, and 4.4 were recorded in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. Coyne has the Ur-3 and Ur-6 genes for resistance to common bean rust and carries the single dominant hypersensitive I gene that provides resistance to all non-necrotic strains of Bean common mosaic virus. Coyne has bright white seed, blooms 44 d after planting, and is a midseason bean, maturing 91 d after planting. C1 [Urrea, Carlos A.] Univ Nebraska, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. [Steadman, J. R.; Lindgren, D. T.; Venegas, J. P.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pastor-Corrales, M. A.] ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom Improvement Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Urrea, CA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. EM currea2@unl.edu FU Nebraska Dry Bean Commission; Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln FX We are grateful for financial support from the Nebraska Dry Bean Commission and the Agricultural Research Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. We thank Phillip Miklas for the Bean common mosaic virus. Seed increase in 2007 by Jack Cecil, University of Wyoming, is highly appreciated. The authors thank Pat Lambrecht, Clay Carlson, and James Schild for technical help and support, and Ann Koehler for editing assistance. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.3198/jpr2008.12.0692crc PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 488SM UT WOS:000269370100003 ER PT J AU Baenziger, PS Graybosch, RA Nelson, LA Klein, RN Baltensperger, DD Xu, L Wegulo, SN Watkins, JE Jin, Y Kolmer, J Hatchett, JH Chen, MS Bai, G AF Baenziger, P. S. Graybosch, R. A. Nelson, L. A. Klein, R. N. Baltensperger, D. D. Xu, L. Wegulo, S. N. Watkins, J. E. Jin, Y. Kolmer, J. Hatchett, J. H. Chen, M. -S. Bai, G. TI Registration of 'Camelot' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT AB 'Camelot' (Reg. No. CV-1036, PI 653832) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed cooperatively by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-ARS and released in 2008. In addition to researchers at the releasing institutions, USDA-ARS researchers at Manhattan, KS, and St. Paul, MN, participated in the development of Camelot. Camelot was selected from the cross KS91H184/'Arlin' Sib//KS91HW29/3/NE91631/4/VBF0168 that was made in 1995. Camelot was selected as an F-3:4 line (F-3-derived line in the F-4 generation) in 1999, and in 2001 it was assigned experimental line number NE01604. Camelot was released because of its superior grain yield performance, disease resistance, and end-use quality under nonirrigated production in Nebraska and adjacent states. C1 [Baenziger, P. S.; Graybosch, R. A.; Nelson, L. A.; Baltensperger, D. D.; Xu, L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Graybosch, R. A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Wegulo, S. N.; Watkins, J. E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Klein, R. N.] Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Agron & Hort, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Jin, Y.; Kolmer, J.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jin, Y.; Kolmer, J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hatchett, J. H.; Chen, M. -S.; Bai, G.] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Hatchett, J. H.; Chen, M. -S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bai, G.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM pbaenziger1@uni.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014; OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954; Wegulo, Stephen/0000-0002-4435-6055 FU Hatch [NEB-22-328]; USDA [59-0790-4-092]; IFAFS [2001-04462]; NRICGP [00-353000-9266, 2004-35300-1470, 2007-51300-0375]; CSREES NRICAP [2006-55606-16629] FX Camelot was developed with partial financial support from the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the Nebraska Wheat Development, Utilization, and Marketing Board. Partial funding for P.S. Baenziger is from Hatch project NEB-22-328, USDA, IFAFS competitive grant 2001-04462, USDA, NRICGP 00-353000-9266, 2004-35300-1470, and 2007-51300-0375, USDA, CSREES NRICAP grant number 2006-55606-16629, and USDA under Agreement No. 59-0790-4-092 which is a cooperative project with the U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recornmendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. Cooperative investigations of the Nebraska Agric. Res. Div., Univ. of Nebraska, and USDA-ARS. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 256 EP 263 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.05.0256crc PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 488SM UT WOS:000269370100011 ER PT J AU Chen, J Souza, EJ Zemetra, RS Bosque-Perez, NA Guttieri, MJ Schotzko, D O'Brien, KL Windes, JM Guy, SO Brown, BD Chen, XM AF Chen, J. Souza, E. J. Zemetra, R. S. Bosque-Perez, N. A. Guttieri, M. J. Schotzko, D. O'Brien, K. L. Windes, J. M. Guy, S. O. Brown, B. D. Chen, X. M. TI Registration of 'Cataldo' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; UNITED-STATES; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS AB 'Cataldo' (Reg. No. CV-1033, PI 642361) is a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station and released in spring 2007. Cataldo was tested under experimental numbers A02215S-B-1 and IDO642 and has the pedigree of IDO584/4*'Alturas'. IDO584 carries a new source of resistance to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], the gene H25, originally derived from KS92WGRC 20. Cataldo was released for its novel Hessian fly resistance, conferred by the gene H25. The resistance was selected using molecular markers Xgwm610 and Xgwm397 associated with the H25 gene, together with phenotypic testing. Cataldo was released to extend the range of the Alturas genetic background into rainfed production regions of northern Idaho and eastern Washington where Hessian fly is a consistent limitation to production. Cataldo is also earlier and shorter than Alturas and has high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) and end-use quality (cookie and Asian noodles) similar to Alturas. C1 [Chen, J.; O'Brien, K. L.; Windes, J. M.] Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Souza, E. J.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Zemetra, R. S.; Bosque-Perez, N. A.; Schotzko, D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Guttieri, M. J.] Ohio State Univ, Hort & Crop Sci Dep, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Guy, S. O.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brown, B. D.] Univ Idaho, Parma Res & Extens Ctr, Parma, ID 83660 USA. [Chen, X. M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, 1693 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM jchen@uidaho.edu FU Idaho Wheat Commission; Idaho Agricultural Experimental Station; USDA Fund for Rural America; Kraft/Nabisco FX Cataldo was developed with financial support from the Idaho Wheat Commission, the Idaho Agricultural Experimental Station, the USDA Fund for Rural America, and Kraft/Nabisco. The authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Karen Peterson, Leland Sorensen, Jack Clayton, Thomas Koehler, and Jim Whitmore. They are grateful to growers Hans Hayden, Lynn Calquist, Verl Christensen, and Gilbert Hoffmeister for providing technical support and land for trials. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 264 EP 268 DI 10.3198/jpr2008.12.0690crc PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 488SM UT WOS:000269370100012 ER PT J AU Kidwell, KK Shelton, GB DeMacon, VL Chen, XM Kuehner, JS Baik, B Engle, DA Carter, AH Bosque-Perez, NA AF Kidwell, K. K. Shelton, G. B. DeMacon, V. L. Chen, X. M. Kuehner, J. S. Baik, B. Engle, D. A. Carter, A. H. Bosque-Perez, N. A. TI Registration of 'Kelse' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; RUST; GENES AB Hard red spring (HRS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain must have high grain protein concentration (GPC) to maximize market value. The objective of this research was to develop a HRS wheat cultivar with high GPC and durable resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici), a major foliar fungal disease problem of spring wheat. 'Kelse' (Reg. No. CV-1035, PI 653842) HRS wheat was developed and released in July 2008 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. Kelse was tested under the experimental designations of WA007954, H0100092, and HR98036, which were assigned through progressive generations of advancement. Kelse is a semidwarf cultivar adapted to the intermediate-to-high rainfall (>380 mm average annual precipitation), nonirrigated wheat production regions of Washington State. Kelse was released based on its (i) resistance to the Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], (ii) high-temperature, adult-plant resistance (HTAP) to local races of stripe rust (infection type 0-3), (iii) high GPC, (iv) excellent bread-baking quality, and (v) high grain yield potential in the target production region. Kelse is the first HRS wheat cultivar adapted to the Pacific Northwest region of the United States with HTAP resistance to stripe rust. Based on molecular marker analysis, Kelse has the Lr34/Yr18 and Lr37/Yr17/Sr38 gene clusters for rust resistance. Kelse also has exceptionally high GPC compared with HIRS cultivars currently in production. C1 [Kidwell, K. K.; Shelton, G. B.; DeMacon, V. L.; Kuehner, J. S.; Baik, B.; Carter, A. H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, X. M.; Engle, D. A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bosque-Perez, N. A.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Kidwell, KK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kidwell@wsu.edu FU National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP [2006-55606-16629] FX We greatly appreciate the dedicated assistance of the following support personnel who assisted with field testing, quality assessment, and disease screening during the development of this cultivar: Tracy Harris (WSU), Dave Wood (USDA-ARS), Kelley Richardson (USDA-ARS), and Dennis Schotzko (Univ. of Idaho). We also thank Dr. Craig Morris, USDA-ARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Research Unit, Pullman, WA, andjohn Burns, WSU Extension Agronomist, for providing access to facilities, equipment, and personnel for conducting end-use quality and agronomic evaluations, respectively. We are grateful to the Washington State Grain Alliance and the Washington State Agriculture Research Center for providing funding for this research. Marker analysis was supported by the National Research Initiative of USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, CAP Grant No. 2006-55606-16629. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.01.0007crc PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 488SM UT WOS:000269370100013 ER PT J AU Griffey, CA Thomason, WE Pitman, RM Beahm, BR Paling, JJ Chen, J Fanelli, JK Kenner, JC Dunaway, DW Brooks, WS Vaughn, ME Hokanson, EG Behl, HD Corbin, RA Hall, MD Liu, S Custis, JT Waldenmaier, CM Starner, DE Gulick, SA Ashburn, SR Whitt, DL Bockelman, HE Souza, EJ Brown-Guedira, GL Kolmer, JA Long, DL Jin, Y Chen, X Cambron, SE AF Griffey, C. A. Thomason, W. E. Pitman, R. M. Beahm, B. R. Paling, J. J. Chen, J. Fanelli, J. K. Kenner, J. C. Dunaway, D. W. Brooks, W. S. Vaughn, M. E. Hokanson, E. G. Behl, H. D. Corbin, R. A. Hall, M. D. Liu, S. Custis, J. T. Waldenmaier, C. M. Starner, D. E. Gulick, S. A. Ashburn, S. R. Whitt, D. L. Bockelman, H. E. Souza, E. J. Brown-Guedira, G. L. Kolmer, J. A. Long, D. L. Jin, Y. Chen, X. Cambron, S. E. TI Registration of 'USG 3555' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RESISTANCE AB 'USG 3555'(Reg. No. CV-1037, PI 654454) soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), developed and tested as VA02W-555 by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, was released in March 2007. USG 3555 was derived from the cross VA94-52-60/Pioneer Brand '2643'//'USG 3209'. USG 3555 is a high-yielding, moderately early heading, awnletted, short stature, semidwarf (Rht2), cultivar that is resistant to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer), stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.), and stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.). In Virginia average grain yield (2006-2008) of USG 3555 (6114 kg ha(-1)) has been equal to that of the highest-yielding cultivars. In USDA-ARS uniform nursery trials conducted at 27 locations in 2005 and at 26 locations in 2006, USG 3555 produced average grain yields of 5651 and 5530 kg ha-1, respectively, in comparison to nursery mean yields of 4959 kg ha-1 in 2005 and 4878 kg ha-1 in 2006. Milling and baking quality of USG 3555 exceeds that of its parent USG 3209. On an Allis Chalmers Mill, grain of USG 3555 has higher break flour yields (305 vs. 283 9 kg(-1)), softer texture (lower endosperm separation index scores 9.98 vs. 10.62), lower sucrose solvent retention capacity (98.6 vs. 104 9 100 g(-1)), and larger cookie diameters (17.1 vs. 16.8 cm). C1 [Griffey, C. A.; Thomason, W. E.; Paling, J. J.; Chen, J.; Fanelli, J. K.; Brooks, W. S.; Hokanson, E. G.; Behl, H. D.; Hall, M. D.; Liu, S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Pitman, R. M.; Kenner, J. C.; Dunaway, D. W.; Vaughn, M. E.; Corbin, R. A.] Eastern Virginia Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Warsaw, VA 22572 USA. [Custis, J. T.; Waldenmaier, C. M.] Eastern Shore Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. [Starner, D. E.; Gulick, S. A.] No Piedmont Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Orange, VA 22960 USA. [Ashburn, S. R.] Tidewater Agric Res & Ext Ctr, Holland, VA 23437 USA. [Beahm, B. R.] Virginia Fdn Seed Stocks Farm, Mt Holly, VA 22524 USA. [Whitt, D. L.] Virginia Crop Improvement Assoc, Mechanicsville, VA 23116 USA. [Bockelman, H. E.] USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Souza, E. J.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Brown-Guedira, G. L.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Genotyping Lab, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kolmer, J. A.; Long, D. L.; Jin, Y.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chen, X.] Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cambron, S. E.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Griffey, CA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cgriffey@vt.edu FU Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Virginia Small Grains Board; Virginia Agricultural Council; Virginia Crop Improvement Association; U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture [59-0790-4-102, 2006-55606-16629] FX USG 3555 was developed with financial support from the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, the Virginia Small Grains Board, the Virginia Agricultural Council, the Virginia Crop Improvement Association, the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, and the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service. This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 59-0790-4-102 and 2006-55606-16629. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.05.0258crc PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 488SM UT WOS:000269370100014 ER PT J AU Kidwell, KK Shelton, GB DeMacon, VL Kuehner, IS Baik, B Engle, DA Bosque-Perez, NA Burke, A Carter, AH Chen, XM AF Kidwell, K. K. Shelton, G. B. DeMacon, V. L. Kuehner, I. S. Baik, B. Engle, D. A. Bosque-Perez, N. A. Burke, A. Carter, A. H. Chen, X. M. TI Registration of 'Whit' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; RESISTANCE AB Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici) resistance is an essential trait for spring wheat cultivars produced in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The objective of this research was to develop an adapted spring wheat cultivar with high levels of resistance to stripe rust. 'Whit' (Reg. No. CV-1034, PI 653841) soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released in July 2008 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. Whit was tested under the experimental designations SW2K067, S0300100U, and WA008008, which were assigned through progressive generations of advancement. Whit is an intermediate-height semidwarf cultivar adapted to the intermediate to high rainfall (>380 mm of average annual precipitation), nonirrigated wheat production regions of Washington and Idaho. Whit is resistant to the Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], has high-temperature, adult-plant resistance to local races of stripe rust, is intermediate in height, is early maturing, and has high grain yield potential. Whit is a partial waxy variety with end-use quality properties similar or superior to 'Louise', 'Alpowa', and 'Alturas'. C1 [Kidwell, K. K.; Shelton, G. B.; DeMacon, V. L.; Kuehner, I. S.; Baik, B.; Burke, A.; Carter, A. H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Engle, D. A.; Chen, X. M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bosque-Perez, N. A.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Kidwell, KK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kidwell@wsu.edu FU Washington State Grain Alliance; Washington State Agriculture Research Center FX We greatly appreciate the dedicated assistance of the following support personnel who assisted with field testing, quality assessment, and disease screening during the development of this cultivar: Tracy Harris (WSU), Dave Wood (USDA-ARS), Kelley Richardson (USDA-ARS), and Dennis Schotzko (University of Idaho). We also thank Dr. Craig Morris, USDA-ARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Research Unit, Pullman, WA, and John Burns, WSU Extension Agronomist, for providing access to facilities, equipment, and personnel for conducting end-use quality and agronomic evaluations, respectively. We are grateful to the Washington State Grain Alliance and the Washington State Agriculture Research Center for providing funding for this research. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.01.0006crc PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 488SM UT WOS:000269370100015 ER PT J AU Griffey, CA Thomason, WE Pitman, RM Beahm, BR Paling, JJ Chen, J Gundrum, PG Fanelli, JK Kenner, JC Dunaway, DW Brooks, WS Vaughn, ME Hokanson, EG Behl, HD Corbin, RA Hall, MD Liu, S Custis, JT Waldenmaier, CM Starner, DE Gulick, SA Ashburn, SR Jones, EH Whitt, DL Bockelman, HE Souza, EJ Brown-Guedira, GL Kolmer, JA Long, DL Jin, Y Chen, X Cambron, SE AF Griffey, C. A. Thomason, W. E. Pitman, R. M. Beahm, B. R. Paling, J. J. Chen, J. Gundrum, P. G. Fanelli, J. K. Kenner, J. C. Dunaway, D. W. Brooks, W. S. Vaughn, M. E. Hokanson, E. G. Behl, H. D. Corbin, R. A. Hall, M. D. Liu, S. Custis, J. T. Waldenmaier, C. M. Starner, D. E. Gulick, S. A. Ashburn, S. R. Jones, E. H., Jr. Whitt, D. L. Bockelman, H. E. Souza, E. J. Brown-Guedira, G. L. Kolmer, J. A. Long, D. L. Jin, Y. Chen, X. Cambron, S. E. TI Registration of '5205' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB Soft red winter (SRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)'5205' (Reg. No. CV-1038, PI 656755) developed and tested as VA01W-205 by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station was released in March 2008. 5205 was derived from the three-way cross Pioneer Brand '2684'/VA93-54-185//'Pocahontas'. Cultivar 5205 is broadly adapted, high-yielding, midseason maturity, short in stature, and semidwarf (Rht2), and it has very good milling and pastry baking quality. It also is notably resistant to powdery mildew [Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer], leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.), and stripe rust (P. striiformis Westend.) and moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight [caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe)]. In Virginia average grain yield (2006-2008) of cultivar 5205 (6114 kg ha(-1)) has been equal to that of the highest-yielding cultivars. In USDA-ARS uniform southern SRW wheat nursery trials conducted at 26 locations in 2006 and at 19 locations in 2007, 5205 produced average grain yields of 5362 and 4488 kg ha-1, respectively, in comparison to nursery mean yields of 5180 and 4146 kg ha-l. In these nursery trials, 5205 was most similar in milling quality to the check 'AGS 2000', which ranks 25th among 830 soft wheat cultivars evaluated by the USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory for Allis milling quality. 5205 has softer flour texture (softness equivalent of 61.1 vs. 57.5 g 100 g(-1)), has stronger gluten strength (lactic acid solvent retention capacity of 118 vs. 107 g 100 g(-1)), and produces cookies that are larger in diameter (18.58 vs. 17.75 cm) than AGS 2000. C1 [Griffey, C. A.; Thomason, W. E.; Paling, J. J.; Chen, J.; Gundrum, P. G.; Fanelli, J. K.; Brooks, W. S.; Hokanson, E. G.; Behl, H. D.; Hall, M. D.; Liu, S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Pitman, R. M.; Kenner, J. C.; Dunaway, D. W.; Vaughn, M. E.; Corbin, R. A.] Eastern Virginia Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Warsaw, VA 22572 USA. [Custis, J. T.; Waldenmaier, C. M.] Eastern Shore Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Painter, VA 23420 USA. [Starner, D. E.; Gulick, S. A.] No Piedmont Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Orange, VA 22960 USA. [Ashburn, S. R.] Tidewater Agri Res & Ext Ctr, Holland, VA 23437 USA. [Jones, E. H., Jr.] So Piedmont Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Blackstone, VA 23824 USA. [Beahm, B. R.] Virginia Fdn Seed Stocks Farm, Mt Holly, VA 22524 USA. [Whitt, D. L.] Virginia Crop Improvement Assoc, Mechanicsville, VA 23116 USA. [Bockelman, H. E.] USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Souza, E. J.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Brown-Guedira, G. L.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Genotyping Lab, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kolmer, J. A.; Long, D. L.; Jin, Y.] USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Chen, X.] Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cambron, S. E.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Griffey, CA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM cgriffey@vt.edu FU Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Virginia Small Grains Board; Virginia Agricultural Council; Virginia Crop Improvement Association; U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative; USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture [59-0790-4-102, 2006-55606-16629] FX Cultivar 5205 was developed with financial support from the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, the Virginia Small Grains Board, the Virginia Agricultural Council, the Virginia Crop Improvement Association, the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, and the USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service. This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 59-0790-4-102 and 2006-55606-16629. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.05.0259crc PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 488SM UT WOS:000269370100016 ER PT J AU Percy, RG Ulloa, M Zhang, JF AF Percy, Richard G. Ulloa, Mauricio Zhang, Jinfa TI Registration of PSI 113 and PSI 425 Germplasm Lines of Pima Cotton Possessing Superior Fiber Quality Traits SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) germplasm lines PSI 113 (Reg. No. GP-916, PI 655939) and PSI 425 (Reg. No. GP-917, PI 655940) were jointly developed and released by the USDA-ARS and New Mexico State Agricultural Experiment Station in 2008. The purpose of the release was to provide public and private breeders with agronomically improved resources for genetic improvement of fiber quality and to serve as genetic resources for broadening the germplasm base of Pima germplasm in the United States. Lines PSI 113 and PSI 425 originated from a cross made at New Mexico State University in 1997 of germplasm line 8810 and the Sea Island breeding line NMSI 1601, followed by individual plant selection within the F-2, F-3, and F-4 generations and progeny selection in the F-5 generation. Eight progeny lines, along with two commercial check cultivars and two high fiber quality check lines, were selected for evaluation in replicated tests at Maricopa, AZ, Shafter, CA, Westside, CA, and Las Cruces, NM, in 2005 and 2006. Across locations, lines PSI 113 and PSI 425 exhibited fiber lengths and strengths superior to commercial check cultivars and fiber yields not differing from the commercial cultivars. Lines PSI 113 and PSI 425 were selected for release from among the eight progeny lines on the basis of their overall agronomic performance and improved fiber characteristics across locations. C1 [Percy, Richard G.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Ulloa, Mauricio] USDA ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Zhang, Jinfa] New Mexico State Univ, Dep Plant & Environ Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Percy, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM Richard.Percy@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.02.0060crg PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 488SM UT WOS:000269370100019 ER PT J AU Forrester, JE Wang, XD Knox, TA Borek, CG Tang, AM Johnson, EJ AF Forrester, Janet E. Wang, Xiang D. Knox, Tamsin A. Borek, Carmia G. Tang, Alice M. Johnson, Elizabeth J. TI Factors associated with serum retinol, alpha-tocopherol, carotenoids, and selenium in Hispanics with problems of HIV, chronic hepatitis C, and drug use SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article DE HIV; drug use; hepatitis C; serum micronutrients ID VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; INFECTION; VIRUS; ADULTS; MORTALITY; DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL; POPULATION; ADAPTATION; PLASMA AB The effects of hepatitis and drug use on nutritional problems in HIV infection have rarely been examined despite the importance of drug use in the global HIV pandemic. We examined the effects of HIV, hepatitis C, and drug use on serum micronutrients in 300 US Hispanic adults. Chronic hepatitis C infection was associated with lower serum retinol (-8.2 mu g/dl, P < 0.0001), alpha-tocopherol (-0.10 ln mu g/dl, P=0.024), and carotenoids (-19.8 mu g/dl, P < 0.0001). HIV infection was associated with lower selenium (-6.1 mu g/l, P=0.028). Elevated triglycerides in HIV infection were associated with higher serum retinol and alpha-tocopherol. Drug use was not independently associated with micronutrient alterations. We conclude that hepatitis C is an important determinant of low serum micronutrients, and should be considered in any nutritional assessment of HIV infected populations. As the safety of micronutrient supplementation is not established, policy for appropriate HIV clinical care should distinguish between populations with and without hepatitis coinfection. Journal of Public Health Policy (2009) 30, 285-299. doi: 10.1057/jphp.2009.20 C1 [Forrester, Janet E.; Knox, Tamsin A.; Borek, Carmia G.; Tang, Alice M.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wang, Xiang D.; Johnson, Elizabeth J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Forrester, JE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM janet.forrester@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health [DA 11598, DA14501, DK4 5734-07, P308142853, P30 DA013868, M01-RR00054] FX We thank the Massachusetts Department of Public Health for conducting the hepatitis serology. This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (DA 11598, DA14501, DK4 5734-07, P308142853, P30 DA013868, M01-RR00054). NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0197-5897 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH POL JI J. Public Health Policy PD SEP PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 285 EP 299 DI 10.1057/jphp.2009.20 PG 15 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 502SQ UT WOS:000270480800005 PM 19806070 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP Singh, M AF Oscar, Thomas P. Singh, Manpreet TI PERSISTENCE OF SALMONELLA SPP. ON CHICKEN SKIN AFTER EXPOSURE TO AN ITALIAN MARINADE SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHIBITION; ATTACHMENT; SURFACES; PRODUCTS; FOOD AB A series of experiments with chicken skin was undertaken to determine the effect of an Italian marinade on persistence of Salmonella spp. during refrigerated storage and marinating. Chicken skin was inoculated with 0.4 to 3.7 log of multiple antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 3), Kentucky (n = 1) or Hadar (n = 1). Chicken skin was then exposed to the Italian marinade for 4 or 24 h at 6C to simulate normal marinating conditions of consumers. The persistence of Salmonella spp. on chicken skin was reduced (P < 0.05) by the Italian marinade with a greater reduction observed at 24 h than at 4 h of marinating. As expected, the persistence during marinating increased as a function of the initial number of Salmonella inoculated. In general, the effect of the Italian marinade on persistence was similar among the five strains of Salmonella tested. C1 [Oscar, Thomas P.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA, ARS, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Singh, Manpreet] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA, ARS, Ctr Food Sci & Technol, Room 2111, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM thomas.oscar@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 17 IS 3 BP 369 EP 382 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 490XK UT WOS:000269541200010 ER PT J AU Boyer, B AF Boyer, Bill TI A Society for all conservationists SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Boyer, Bill] USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Boyer, B (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 64 IS 5 BP 142A EP 142A DI 10.2489/jswc.64.5.142A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 509RT UT WOS:000271036700003 ER PT J AU Hively, WD Lang, M McCarty, GW Keppler, J Sadeghi, A McConnell, LL AF Hively, W. D. Lang, M. McCarty, G. W. Keppler, J. Sadeghi, A. McConnell, L. L. TI Using satellite remote sensing to estimate winter cover crop nutrient uptake efficiency SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); Chesapeake Bay; Choptank River; cover crop; nitrogen; remote sensing ID HYPERSPECTRAL VEGETATION INDEXES; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; NITROGEN STATUS; CORN; REFLECTANCE; AGRICULTURE; BIOMASS; NDVI AB Winter cover crops are recognized as an important agricultural conservation practice for reducing nitrogen (N) losses to groundwater following the summer growing season. Accordingly, cost-share programs have been established to promote winter cover crops for water quality on farms throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed. However, current estimates of cover crop nutrient uptake are largely calculated from plot-scale studies extrapolated to watershed-scale based solely on enrollment acreage. Remote sensing provides a tool for rapid estimation of cover crop biomass production on working farms throughout the landscape. This project combined cost-share program enrollment data with satellite imagery and on-farm sampling to evaluate cover crop N uptake on 136 fields within the Choptank River watershed, on Maryland's eastern shore. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index seas a successful predictor of aboveground biotnass for fields with >210 kg ha(-1) (>187 lb ac(-1)) of vegetation (corresponding to 4.2 kg ha(-1) [3.7 lb ac(-1)] of plant N), below which the background reflectance of soils and crop residues obstructed the cover crop signal. Cover crops planted in the two weeks prior to the regional average first frost date (October 15) exhibited average fill aboveground N uptake rates of 18, 13, and 5 kg ha(-1) (16, 12, 4 lb ac(-1)) for rye, barley, and wheat, respectively, corresponding to 1,260, 725, and 311 kg ha(-1) (1,124, 647, 277 lb ac(-1)) of aboveground biomass, with associated cost-share implementation costs of $5.49, $7.60, and $19.77 kg(-1) N ($2.50, $3.46, and $8.99 lb(-1) N). Cover crops planted after October 15 exhibited significantly reduced biomass and nutrient uptake, with associated program costs of $15.44 to $20.59 kg(-1) N ($7.02 to $9.36 lb(-1) N). Agronomic factors influencing cover crop performance included species, planting date, planting method, and previous crop. Field Sampling locations with >1,000 kg ha(-1) (>890 lb ac(-1)) of springtime cover crop biomass exhibited greatly reduced soil nitrate (<3 mg kg(-1) [<3 ppm]) in comparison to fields with lose cover crop biomass (up to 14 mg kg(-1) soil nitrate), indicating a target biomass threshold for maximum water quality impact. Additional sampling years will be necessary to account for cover crop response to climate variability. Combining remote sensing with farm program data can provide important information to scientists and regulators working to improve conservation programs. Results can be used to more effectively utilize scarce conservation resources and increase water quality protection. C1 [Hively, W. D.; Lang, M.; McCarty, G. W.; Sadeghi, A.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Keppler, J.] Maryland Dept Agr, Annapolis, MD USA. [McConnell, L. L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Hively, WD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 33 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 64 IS 5 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.2489/jswc.64.5.303 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 509RT UT WOS:000271036700009 ER PT J AU Bentley, MT Kaufman, PE Kline, DL Hogsette, JA AF Bentley, Michael T. Kaufman, Phillip E. Kline, Daniel L. Hogsette, Jerome A. TI RESPONSE OF ADULT MOSQUITOES TO LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES PLACED IN RESTING BOXES AND IN THE FIELD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Attraction; resting box; wavelength; Culicidae; vision ID COLORED LIGHT; DIPTERA; ATTRACTION; TABANIDAE AB The response of adult mosquitoes to 4 light-emitting diode (LED) wavelengths was evaluated using diode-equipped sticky cards (DESCs) and diode-equipped resting boxes at 2 sites in north central Florida. Wavelengths evaluated were blue (470 nm), green (502 nm), red (660 run), and infrared (IR) (860 nm). When trapping with DESCs, 15 mosquito species from 7 genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, Mansonia, Psorophora, and Uranotaenia) were captured. Overall, approximately 43.8% of all mosquitoes were trapped on DESCs fitted with green LEDs. Significantly more females of Aedes infirmatus, Aedes vexans, and Culex nigripalpus were captured on DESCs Fitted with blue LEDs compared with red or IR LEDs. DESCs with blue LEDs captured significantly more Culex erraticus females than those with IR LEDs. Using resting boxes, 12 species from 5 genera (Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, Mansonia, and Uranotaenia) were collected. Resting boxes without LEDs Captured 1,585 mosquitoes (22.2% of total). The fewest number of mosquitoes (16.7%) were collected from boxes affixed with the blue LEDs. Significantly more Anopheles quadrimaculatus females were aspirated from resting boxes fitted with red and IR LEDs than from those with blue or green LEDs, or from the unlit control. Blood-fed mosquitoes were recovered in highest numbers from unlit resting boxes, followed by resting boxes fitted with green, I R, and blue LEDs. Culex erraticus accounted for the majority of blood-fed mosquitoes followed by Coquillettidia perturbans. No blood-fed mosquitoes were recovered from resting boxes fitted with red LEDs. C1 [Bentley, Michael T.; Kaufman, Phillip E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kline, Daniel L.; Hogsette, Jerome A.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Kaufman, PE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Inst Food & Agr Sci, POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [FLA-04598]; US Department of Agriculture FX The authors thank J. Butler, S. TenBroeck, J. Calahan, and the residents of the Prairie Oaks Subdivision for allowing access to their properties. The authors would also like to acknowledge J. Pitzer and P. Obenauer for their involvement and assistance. This study was supported by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station federal formula funds, Project No. FLA-04598, received from Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US Department of Agriculture. Thank you to J. Cilek for reviewing a draft of this publication. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.2987/08-5815.1 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504EN UT WOS:000270598300010 PM 19852218 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WC Farooq, M Walker, TW Fritz, B Szumlas, D Quinn, B Bernier, U Hogsette, J Lan, Y Huang, Y Smith, VL Robinson, CA AF Hoffmann, W. C. Farooq, M. Walker, T. W. Fritz, B. Szumlas, D. Quinn, B. Bernier, U. Hogsette, J. Lan, Y. Huang, Y. Smith, V. L. Robinson, C. A. TI CANOPY PENETRATION AND DEPOSITION OF BARRIER SPRAYS FROM ELECTROSTATIC AND CONVENTIONAL SPRAYERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Barrier sprays; deposition; penetration; electrostatic; vector control ID EFFICIENCY AB An experimental study was conducted to investigate the usefulness of electrostatic and conventional sprayers for barrier applications. Two conventional and three electrostatic sprayers were used in the study. Usefulness of the sprayers was rated based on penetration of spray into and deposition onto 2 sides of leaves on natural vegetation. Bifenthrin (Talstar (TM) adulticide) was applied at labeled rate, fluorescent dye was added to the tank mix Lis tracer, and all sprayers applied the dye and insecticide at the same rate. The results indicated that sprayers producing larger droplets produced significantly higher deposition on vegetation in barrier applications than the sprayers producing smaller droplets. Sprayers with higher air velocity at the nozzle discharge proved significantly better for barrier sprays than the sprayers with lower air velocity. Electrostatic sprayers did not show any improvement in deposition oil vegetation or in penetration into vegetation over the conventional sprayers. There was no difference in deposition between truck-mounted and backpack sprayers. C1 [Hoffmann, W. C.; Fritz, B.; Lan, Y.; Huang, Y.] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Farooq, M.; Walker, T. W.; Szumlas, D.; Smith, V. L.; Robinson, C. A.] USN, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Quinn, B.; Bernier, U.; Hogsette, J.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program; US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program, funded by the US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. The authors would like to thank Phil Jank for his assistance during data collection and processing. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.2987/08-5780.1 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504EN UT WOS:000270598300015 PM 19852223 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, WC Walker, TW Fritz, BK Farooq, M Smith, VL Robinson, CA Szumlas, D Lan, YB AF Hoffmann, W. Clint Walker, Todd W. Fritz, Bradley K. Farooq, Muhammad Smith, Vincent L. Robinson, Cathy A. Szumlas, Dan Lan, Yubin TI SPRAY CHARACTERIZATION OF ULTRA-LOW-VOLUME SPRAYERS TYPICALLY USED IN VECTOR CONTROL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Atomization; droplet size; sprayer; ULV sprays; vector control ID EQUIPMENT; MALATHION AB Numerous spray machines are used to apply pesticides for the control of human disease vectors, such as mosquitoes and flies, and the selection and setup of these machines significantly affects the level of control achieved during an application. The droplet spectra produced by 9 different ultra-low-volume sprayers with oil- and water-based spray solutions were evaluated along with 2 thermal foggers with the use of diesel-based spray solutions. The droplet spectra from the sprayers were measured with the use of laser diffraction droplet sizing equipment. The volume median diameter from the sprayers ranged from 14.8 to 61.9 mu m for the oil-based spray solutions and 15.5 to 87.5 mu m for the water-based spray solutions. The 2 thermal foggers generated sprays with a volume median diameter of 3.5 mu m. The data presented will allow spray applicators to select the spray solution and sprayer that generate the droplet-size spectra that meet the desired specific spray application scenarios. C1 [Hoffmann, W. Clint; Fritz, Bradley K.; Lan, Yubin] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Walker, Todd W.; Farooq, Muhammad; Smith, Vincent L.; Robinson, Cathy A.; Szumlas, Dan] USN, Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. B&G Chem & Equipment Co, Dallas, TX 75334 USA. RP Hoffmann, WC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program; U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). The authors would also like to thank Wilbur-Ellis for supplying the R-11 for these tests and the equipment manufacturers for their cooperation. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 332 EP 337 DI 10.2987/09-5883.1 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504EN UT WOS:000270598300016 PM 19852224 ER PT J AU Allan, SA Kline, DL Walker, T AF Allan, Sandra A. Kline, Daniel L. Walker, Todd TI ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING EFFICACY OF BIFENTHRIN-TREATED VEGETATION FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE bifenthrin; mosquito control; Aedes aegypti; leaves; wax myrtle; azalea ID ADULT AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; SCREENED FIELD CAGES; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; RESIDUAL EFFECTIVENESS; FEMALE MOSQUITOS; COTTON PLANTS; PERMETHRIN; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; FOLIAGE AB The use of pesticide-treated vegetation as a barrier for control of nuisance and disease-bearing mosquitoes has become an option for mosquito management for home owners and public health and mosquito control professionals. Potted wax myrtle and azalea plants were treated with bifenthrin (0.79% AI) at maximum label rate using backpack and electrostatic sprayers and exposed to various treatments that could affect the residual degradation of the applied pesticides. Treatments included leaf aspect, simulated rainfall, shade, and natural sun exposure with the residual effectiveness of leaves examined in tarsal contact Petri dish assays using laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti. There was no significant difference in efficacy between the adaxial (top) or abaxial (bottom) surfaces of electrostatically or backpack-treated leaves. Significant differences existed between application method, plant species, and exposure with most significant effects between weeks 1 and 4. Simulated heavy rainfalls applied 3 times weekly reduced knockdown by leaves treated with electrostatic and backpack methods with reductions seen as soon as 1 wk after treatment. Reductions were seen with both wax myrtle and azalea leaves and after 1, 4, and 24 h contact of mosquitoes to leaves. Placement of plants with full exposure to sunlight also significantly reduced efficacy compared to plants placed in the shade. Differences were observed most often for 4 and 24 h knockdown counts, and significant decreases were seen from week 4 onwards. Clearly factors such as rain and exposure to sun impact degradation of efficacy of bifenthrin-treated vegetation in the field. Degradation of bifenthrin efficacy was slowest in sites protected from rain and sun, which coincide with preferred resting site locations for many mosquito species. C1 [Allan, Sandra A.; Kline, Daniel L.] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Walker, Todd] USN, Entomol Ctr Excellence, Naval Air Stn, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. RP Allan, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. FU Deployed War-fighter Protection Research Program; US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board; United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service FX We thank J. McClurg and E. Vrzal for assistance with assays, J. Urban for assistance with plant treatment, and V. L. Smith and C. A. Robinson from the Naval Entomology Center of Excellence, Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, for application of pesticides to the plants. This study was supported by a Deployed War-fighter Protection Research Program Grant funded by the US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 338 EP 346 DI 10.2987/09-5854.1 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504EN UT WOS:000270598300017 PM 19852225 ER EF