FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Klassen, W Dame, DA AF Klassen, Waldemar Dame, David A. TI CLAUDE HENRI. SCHMIDT 1924-2009 OBITUARY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Dame, David A.] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. [Klassen, Waldemar] Univ Florida, Homestead, FL USA. RP Dame, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 394 EP 396 DI 10.2987/8756-971X-25.3.394 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 504EN UT WOS:000270598300028 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Dunn, RO AF Knothe, Gerhard Dunn, Robert O. TI A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Melting Points of Fatty Acids and Esters Determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Fatty acids; Differential scanning calorimetry; Butyl esters; Ethyl esters; Melting point; Methyl esters; Propyl esters ID BRANCHED-CHAIN ESTERS; VEGETABLE-OIL; CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; BIODIESEL FUEL; TEMPERATURE; TRIGLYCERIDES; COMPONENTS; MIXTURES; TALLOW AB The melting point is one of the most important physical properties of a chemical compound and it plays a significant role in determining possible applications. For fatty acid esters the melting point is essential for a variety of food and non-food applications, the latter including biodiesel and its cold-flow properties. In this work, the melting points of fatty acids and esters (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) in the C(8)-C(24) range were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), many of which for the first time. Data for triacylglycerols as well as ricinoleic acid and its methyl and ethyl esters were also acquired. For some compounds whose melting points have been previously reported, data discrepancies exist and a comprehensive determination by DSC has not been available. Variations in the present data up to several A degrees C compared to data in prior literature were observed. The melting points of some methyl-branched iso- and anteiso-acids and esters were also determined. Previously unreported systematic effects of compound structure on melting point are presented, including those for omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acids and esters as well as for methyl-branched iso and anteiso fatty acids and esters. The melting point of a pure fatty acid or ester as determined by DSC can vary up to approximately 1 A degrees C. Other thermal data, including heat flow and melting onset temperatures are briefly discussed. C1 [Knothe, Gerhard; Dunn, Robert O.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 5 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 86 IS 9 BP 843 EP 856 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1423-2 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 483ZW UT WOS:000269013400003 ER PT J AU Wu, TH Bechtel, PJ AF Wu, Ted H. Bechtel, Peter J. TI Quality of Crude Oil Extracted from Aging Walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) Byproducts SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Crude oil; Fat soluble vitamin; Lipid oxidation; Freshness pollock byproduct ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACIDS; FISH; STABILITY; STORAGE; SALMON; TEMPERATURE; NATIVES; TROUT AB The quality of crude oil was examined as a function of the temperature and delay time between collecting and processing the fish byproducts from a commercial cannery into crude oil. Extracts from pollock byproducts stored at 6 and 15 A degrees C for up to 4 and 10 days was examined. Longer storage of byproducts resulted in higher free fatty acid (FFA) and an increase in retinol levels in the extracted crude oils. Primary and secondary oxidation assays consisting of peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances increased initially with storage time on day 1 followed by an unexpected decrease with storage time. Higher storage temperature resulted in greater FFA and retinol levels, but lower oxidation products in the crude oils. The tocopherol levels decreased with storage time of the byproducts with no differences between the storage temperatures. Eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage remained similar in the extracted oils with the respective storage time or temperature treatments. C1 [Wu, Ted H.; Bechtel, Peter J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wu, TH (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Subarct Agr Res Unit, 245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ted.wu@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 86 IS 9 BP 903 EP 908 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1418-z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 483ZW UT WOS:000269013400009 ER PT J AU Mulbry, W Kondrad, S Buyer, J Luthria, DL AF Mulbry, Walter Kondrad, Shannon Buyer, Jeffrey Luthria, Devanand L. TI Optimization of an Oil Extraction Process for Algae from the Treatment of Manure Effluent SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Accelerated solvent extraction; Algae; Manure; Bioenergy; Wastewater; Treatment ID FRESH-WATER ALGAE; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; DAIRY; ACID; PURIFICATION; NUTRIENTS; BIODIESEL; RECOVERY; LIPIDS AB Increasing interest in the coupling of biological wastewater treatment processes with the generation of value-added products (such as oil containing omega-3 fatty acids (FA)) has stimulated efforts in adapting extraction methods for treatment byproducts. This study's objective was to compare a high temperature/pressure extraction method (accelerated solvent extraction) (ASE) and a manual extraction method (modified Folch extraction) with regard to their ability to extract total oil from three algae samples from the treatment of dairy manure effluent. The efficiency of total oil and FA extraction with three solvents (chloroform/methanol, isopropanol/hexane, and hexane) was also evaluated using the ASE method. Results showed that the ASE method yielded higher values for total oil content compared to the Folch method but similar values for FA content and composition after four extraction cycles with chloroform/methanol. However, the ASE method yielded much higher amounts of FA in the first cycle (85-95% of total extracted) compared to the Folch method (44-55% of total extracted in the first cycle). As expected, the extraction efficiency of the ASE method for FA was dependent on the extraction solvent. FA content values using ASE with chloroform/methanol > isopropanol/hexane > hexane. FA content values using the Folch method or ASE with chloroform/methanol were not significantly influenced by sample particle size within the size range of 0.1-1 mm. C1 [Mulbry, Walter; Kondrad, Shannon; Buyer, Jeffrey; Luthria, Devanand L.] USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mulbry, W (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 306,Room 109,BARC East,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM walter.mulbry@ars.usda.gov OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 21 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 86 IS 9 BP 909 EP 915 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1432-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 483ZW UT WOS:000269013400010 ER PT J AU Jham, GN Moser, BR Shah, SN Holser, RA Dhingra, OD Vaughn, SF Berhow, MA Winkler-Moser, JK Isbell, TA Holloway, RK Walter, EL Natalino, R Anderson, JC Stelly, DM AF Jham, Gulab N. Moser, Bryan R. Shah, Shailesh N. Holser, Ronald A. Dhingra, Onkar D. Vaughn, Steven F. Berhow, Mark A. Winkler-Moser, Jill K. Isbell, Terry A. Holloway, Ray K. Walter, Erin L. Natalino, Ricardo Anderson, Jason C. Stelly, David M. TI Wild Brazilian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Seed Oil Methyl Esters as Biodiesel Fuel SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Brassica juncea; Fatty acid methyl esters; Phytosterols; Tocopherols; Transesterification; Wild mustard ID SOYBEAN OIL; PETRODIESEL; DERIVATIVES; COMPONENTS; QUALITY; PALM AB Wild mustard (Brassica juncea L.) oil is evaluated as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Biodiesel was obtained in 94 wt.% yield by a standard transesterification procedure with methanol and sodium methoxide catalyst. Wild mustard oil had a high content of erucic (13(Z)-docosenoic; 45.7 wt.%) acid, with linoleic (9(Z),12(Z)-octadecadienoic; 14.2 wt.%) and linolenic (9(Z),12(Z),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic; 13.0 wt.%) acids comprising most of the remaining fatty acid profile. The cetane number, kinematic viscosity, and oxidative stability (Rancimat method) of the methyl esters was 61.1, 5.33 mm(2) s(-1) (40 A degrees C) and 4.8 h (110 A degrees C), respectively. The cloud, pour and cold filter plugging points were 4, -21 and -3 A degrees C, respectively. Other properties such as acid value, lubricity, free and total glycerol content, iodine value, Gardner color, specific gravity, as well as sulfur and phosphorous contents were also determined and are discussed in light of biodiesel standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Also reported are the properties and composition of wild mustard oil, along with identification of wild mustard collected in Brazil as Brassica juncea L. (2n = 36) as opposed to the currently accepted Sinapis arvensis L. (2n = 18) classification. In summary, wild mustard oil appears to be an acceptable feedstock for biodiesel production. C1 [Jham, Gulab N.; Dhingra, Onkar D.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitopatol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Moser, Bryan R.; Shah, Shailesh N.; Vaughn, Steven F.; Berhow, Mark A.; Winkler-Moser, Jill K.; Isbell, Terry A.; Holloway, Ray K.; Walter, Erin L.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Holser, Ronald A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Natalino, Ricardo] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Quim, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Anderson, Jason C.; Stelly, David M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jham, GN (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitopatol, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM gulab@ufv.br; Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov OI Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 FU Brazilian government FX The authors acknowledge Benetria N. Banks and Kathy Rennick for excellent technical assistance. This study was supported in part by the Brazilian government [CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal do Ensino Superior) and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico)]. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 86 IS 9 BP 917 EP 926 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1431-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 483ZW UT WOS:000269013400011 ER PT J AU Dickey, LC Kurantz, MJ Parris, N McAloon, A Moreau, RA AF Dickey, Leland C. Kurantz, Michael J. Parris, Nicholas McAloon, Andrew Moreau, Robert A. TI Foam Separation of Oil from Enzymatically Treated Wet-Milled Corn Germ Dispersions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Aqueous enzymatic extraction; Corn germ; Dry grind modifications; Foam separation; Oil-seed processing ID LIPID-TRANSFER PROTEIN; MICROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; EXTRACTION; BINDING; BUBBLE AB More than 9 billion gallons of ethanol were produced in 2008, mostly from dry grind corn fermentation plants. These plants are a potential source of substantial amounts of corn oil, if an economical method of separating it can be developed. In this work, oil was separated from corn germ by aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE). Batches of wet-milled corn germ in water were preheated in a pressure cooker, ground in a colloid mill, and churned in a vertical column/mixing vessel system, after the addition of enzyme. Nitrogen gas was then bubbled through the column removing an overflowing foam fraction which was subsequently centrifuged to separate free oil. Using a newly commercialized enzyme complex it was found that 80% of the oil could be recovered using a w/w ratio of enzyme solution to germ of 1:80. The low dose and low price of the enzyme complex leads to a cost estimate of AEE of corn oil from germ, similar to the wet-milled germ extracted, cost competitive with expelled oil (with the separation and drying of the foam protein), and feasible for commercialization in a dry grind plant retrofitted to separate germ. C1 [Dickey, Leland C.; Kurantz, Michael J.; Parris, Nicholas; McAloon, Andrew; Moreau, Robert A.] Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Dickey, LC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM leland.dickey@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 86 IS 9 BP 927 EP 932 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1429-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 483ZW UT WOS:000269013400012 ER PT J AU Harris, KR Ling, KS Wechter, WP Levi, A AF Harris, Karen R. Ling, Kai-Shu Wechter, W. Patrick Levi, Amnon TI Identification and Utility of Markers Linked to the Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance Gene in Watermelon SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrullus; inheritance; recessive; potyvirus; marker-assisted selection; CAPS; SNP; SCAR ID BULKED SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; CITRULLUS-COLOCYNTHIS; LINKAGE MAP; RNA VIRUS; ELECTROPHORESIS; POTYVIRUSES; INHERITANCE; LANATUS; FLORIDA; AFLP AB Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is one of the most economically important viruses affecting watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsun & Nakai var. lanatus] in the United States. The ZYMV-Florida strain (ZYMV-FL) is considered a major limitation to commercial watermelon production in the United States. Inheritance of resistance to ZYMV-FL is conferred by a recessive gene. This report describes the identification of single-reaction, polymerase chain reaction-based markers linked to the ZYMV-FL resistance gene in watermelon. In this study, we identified a marker ZYMV-resistant polymorphism (ZYRP) linked to the ZYMV-FL resistance gene locus (genetic distance of 8 cM) in an F(2) population, and in a backcross one to the resistant parent population (BC(1)R) (genetic distance of 13 cM). The identification of a single nucleotide polymorphism within the ZYRP marker for the parental genotypes allowed the development of a sequence-characterized amplification region marker linked to the ZYMV-FL resistance gene. Experiments using a BC(2)F(2) population derived from the U.S. Plant Introduction 595203 (C. lanatus var. lanatus) and the recurrent parent 'Charleston Gray' indicated that the ZYRP marker can be used in marker-assisted selection to identify genotypes containing the gene conferring ZYMV-FL resistance in watermelon. C1 [Harris, Karen R.; Ling, Kai-Shu; Wechter, W. Patrick; Levi, Amnon] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Levi, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Amnon.Levi@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 134 IS 5 BP 529 EP 534 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 613WW UT WOS:000279016000006 ER PT J AU Nemeth, NM Young, GR Burkhalter, KL Brault, AC Reisen, WK Komar, N AF Nemeth, Nicole M. Young, Ginger R. Burkhalter, Kristen L. Brault, Aaron C. Reisen, William K. Komar, Nicholas TI West Nile virus detection in nonvascular feathers from avian carcasses SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Birds; diagnosis; feather; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; West Nile virus ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; EARLY WARNING SYSTEM; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; MORTALITY SURVEILLANCE; PSITTACINE BIRDS; HUMAN INFECTION; COLORADO; ANTIGEN; BEAK AB West Nile virus (WNV) is a public health threat and has caused the death of thousands of North American birds. As such, surveillance for WNV has been ongoing, utilizing numerous biological specimens and testing methods. Nonvascular (i.e., fully grown) feathers would provide a simple method of collection from either dead or live birds of all ages and molt cycles, with presumably less biosafety risk compared with other specimen types, including feather pulp. The current study evaluates WNV detection in nonvascular feathers removed from naturally infected avian carcasses of several species groups. Feathers of corvid passeriforms had the highest sensitivity of detection (64%), followed by noncorvid passeriforms (43%), columbiforms (33%), and falconiforms (31%). Storing feathers for 1 year at -20 degrees C or at ambient room temperature resulted in detection rates of infectious WNV of 16% and zero, respectively, but had no effect on detection rates of WNV RNA in a subset of matched feather pairs (47% for both storage temperatures). The efficacy of WNV detection in nonvascular feathers is greatly enhanced by testing multiple feathers. The advantages of using nonvascular feathers over other tissues may outweigh the relatively low detectability of WNV RNA in certain situations such as remote areas lacking resources for acquiring other types of samples or maintaining the cold chain. C1 [Nemeth, Nicole M.; Young, Ginger R.; Burkhalter, Kristen L.; Komar, Nicholas] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Brault, Aaron C.; Reisen, William K.] Univ Calif Davis, Arbovirus Res Unit, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol,Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM nnemeth@colostate.edu FU Pacific Southwest Regional Center for Excellence (PSWRCE) [U54 Al-65359] FX The authors are grateful to the following for providing samples: Gail Kratz, Judy Scherpelz, Lisa Winta, Carin Avila, and Rebecca Bates of the Rocky Mountain Raptor Program, Bob Nightwalker and Jessica Plunkett of Wild-Kind (Larimer County Humane Society), and Jackie Parker of California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory. Richard Bowen (Colorado State University) and Susan Beckett (CDC) provided logistical Support, and Maureen Dannen and Ying Fang (University of California, Davis) provided technical support. Funding for RNA detection platforms used for WNV RNA detection was partially provided by the Pacific Southwest Regional Center for Excellence (PSWRCE) U54 Al-65359. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 21 IS 5 BP 616 EP 622 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 496IH UT WOS:000269963400005 PM 19737756 ER PT J AU Gulati-Sakhuja, A Sears, JL Nunez, A Liu, HY AF Gulati-Sakhuja, Anju Sears, John L. Nunez, Alberto Liu, Hsing-Yeh TI Production of polyclonal antibodies against Pelargonium zonate spot virus coat protein expressed in Escherichia coli and application for immunodiagnosis SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE ELISA; Escherichia coli expression; Recombinant coat protein; Western blot ID CITRUS-TRISTEZA-VIRUS; MOP-TOP-VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN; FAMILY BROMOVIRIDAE; RINGSPOT-VIRUS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; RECOMBINANT; ANTISERUM; POTATO; GENE AB Pelargonium zonate spot virus (PZSV) is identified recently in tomato plants in the United States. To develop serological diagnostic tools for the detection of this virus, the production of good quality antibodies is a necessity. The coat protein (CP) gene of a California isolate of PZSV was cloned into a bacterial expression vector (pTriEX-4 Ek/LIC). The plasmid pTriEX-4-PZSV-CP was transformed into Escherichia coli Rosetta 2(DE3)pLacI and the recombinant PZSV-CP was expressed as a fusion protein containing N-terminal hexa-histidine and S tags. Expressed PZSV-CP was purified under denaturing conditions by affinity chromatography yielding 3 mg refolded protein per 200 mL of bacterial culture, and used as an antigen for raising PZSV-CP antiserum in rabbits. Specificity of the antiserum to PZSV was shown by Western blot and ELISA. When used in Western blot analysis, the antiserum was able to detect the recombinant protein, the PZSV coat protein and PZSV infected plant samples. The antiserum was successfully used in indirect-ELISA at dilutions of up to 1: 16,000 to detect PZSV in infected leaf samples. Direct ELISA was successful only with denatured antigens. This is the first report on production of polyclonal antiserum against recombinant coat protein of PZSV and its use for detection and diagnosis of virus using serological methods. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gulati-Sakhuja, Anju; Sears, John L.; Liu, Hsing-Yeh] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Nunez, Alberto] USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM hsingyeh.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 EI 1879-0984 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 2009 VL 160 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.04.005 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 472HQ UT WOS:000268121600005 PM 19397928 ER PT J AU Paul, M Somkuti, GA AF Paul, M. Somkuti, G. A. TI Degradation of milk-based bioactive peptides by yogurt fermentation bacteria* SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioactive peptide; RP-HPLC; yogurt bacteria ID I-CONVERTING-ENZYME; STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; BOVINE LACTOFERRIN; PROBIOTIC BACTERIA; SOUR MILK; INHIBITORS; CASEIN; HYDROLYSATE; PROTEINASE AB Aims: To analyse the effect of cell-associated peptidases in yogurt starter culture strains Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (LB) and Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) on milk-protein-based antimicrobial and hypotensive peptides in order to determine their survival in yogurt-type dairy foods. Methods and Results: The 11mer antimicrobial and 12mer hypotensive milk-protein-derived peptides were incubated with mid-log cells of LB and ST, which are required for yogurt production. Incubations were performed at pH 4 center dot 5 and 7 center dot 0, and samples removed at various time points were analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The peptides remained mostly intact at pH 4 center dot 5 in the presence of ST strains and moderately digested by exposure to LB cells. Peptide loss occurred more rapidly and was more extensive after incubation at pH 7 center dot 0. Conclusions: The 11mer and 12mer bioactive peptides may be added at the end of the yogurt-making process when the pH level has dropped to 4 center dot 5, limiting the overall extent of proteolysis. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results show the feasibility of using milk-protein-based antimicrobial and hypotensive peptides as food supplements to improve the health-promoting qualities of liquid and semi-solid dairy foods prepared by the yogurt fermentation process. C1 [Paul, M.; Somkuti, G. A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Paul, M (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM moushumi.paul@ars.usda.gov FU ERRC Integrated Biomolecular Resources Unit for MALDI-TOF/TOF FX We would like to thank D. Steinberg for providing technical assistance, and L. Fortis and Dr A. NuNez of the ERRC Integrated Biomolecular Resources Unit for MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry support. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 345 EP 350 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02676.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 481FK UT WOS:000268792600009 PM 19622076 ER PT J AU Looper, ML Edrington, TS Rosenkrans, CF AF Looper, M. L. Edrington, T. S. Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr. TI Influence of body condition and forage type on prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in grazing beef cows SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; body condition; E; coli O157:H7; grazing; Salmonella; tall fescue ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; O157-H7; CATTLE; RUMEN; NUTRITION; ENDOPHYTE; GROWTH; CALVES AB Aim: To determine the influence of body condition (BC) and forage type on the prevalence of faecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella from beef cows. Methods and Results: Thin or moderately conditioned cows (n = 115) were randomly assigned to graze either common bermudagrass (n = 3 pastures) or toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (n = 3 pastures) for 62 days. Faecal samples were collected on day 0, 30 and 62. Overall percentage of faecal samples positive for E. coli O157:H7 was 2 center dot 6% and 2 center dot 0% for Salmonella. Percentage of cows positive for both E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on at least one occasion was 6 center dot 1%. BC, forage type or the interaction did not influence the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella in the faeces of cows. Conclusions: BC at initiation of the grazing period or loss of BC in moderate conditioned cows during the grazing period did not influence faecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella. Consumption of either forage type did not influence faecal shedding of either E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella in beef cows of thin or moderate BC. Significance and Impact of the Study: Change in BC that typically occurs during the normal production cycle in grazing cows did not influence faecal shedding of pathogenic bacteria regardless of forage type. C1 [Looper, M. L.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. [Edrington, T. S.] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Rosenkrans, C. F., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Looper, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. EM mike.looper@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX Product names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA does not guarantee or warrant the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that also may be suitable. We gratefully acknowledge S. Tabler, B. Woolley and S. Bradshaw, USDA-ARS, for technical assistance and faecal collection; K. Yeater, USDA-ARS, for assistance with statistical analysis. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 361 EP 365 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02669.x PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 481FK UT WOS:000268792600012 PM 19627482 ER PT J AU Zhu, JJ Zeng, XP Berkebile, D Du, HJ Tong, Y Qian, K AF Zhu, J. J. Zeng, X. -P. Berkebile, D. Du, H. -J. Tong, Y. Qian, K. TI Efficacy and safety of catnip (Nepeta cataria) as a novel filth fly repellent SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Musca domestica; Nepeta cataria; Stomoxys calcitrans; biting fly indoor bioassay; catnip; housefly; repellency; stable fly; toxicity evaluation ID ESSENTIAL OILS; MOSQUITOS; INSECTICIDES AB Catnip (Nepeta cataria) is known for its pseudo-narcotic effects on cats. Recently, it has been reported as an effective mosquito repellent against several Aedes and Culex species, both topically and spatially. Our laboratory bioassays showed that catnip essential oil (at a dosage of 20 mg) resulted in average repellency rates of 96% against stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) and 79% against houseflies, Musca domestica (L.), respectively. This finding suggested that the application of repellent could be used as part of filth fly management. Further evaluations of catnip oil toxicity were conducted to provide a broad-spectrum safety profile of catnip oil use as a potential biting and nuisance insect repellent in urban settings. Acute oral, dermal, inhalation, primary dermal and eye irritation toxicity tests were performed. The acute oral LD(50) of catnip oil was found to be 3160 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 2710 mg/kg BW in female and male rats, respectively. The acute dermal LD50 was > 5000 mg/kg BW. The acute inhalation LD50 was observed to be > 10 000 mg/m(3). Primary skin irritation tested on New Zealand white rabbits showed that catnip oil is a moderate irritant. Catnip oil was classified as practically non-irritating to the eye. In comparison with other U. S. Environmental Protection Agency-approved mosquito repellents (DEET, picaridin and p-menthane-3,8-diol), catnip oil can be considered as a relatively safe repellent, which may cause minor skin irritation. C1 [Zhu, J. J.; Berkebile, D.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Zeng, X. -P.; Tong, Y.; Qian, K.] Beijing Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Inst Disinfect & Pest Control, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Du, H. -J.] Beijing Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Inst Toxicol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, JJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, 305 Entomol Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Jerry.Zhu@ars.usda.gov OI Zhu, Junwei/0000-0001-9846-9656 FU Regional Project [1030] FX We express our deep gratitude to T. Weinhold and L. Ma for their technical help with this study. This work was performed in co-operation with the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and supported partly by Regional Project 1030. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 209 EP 216 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 483ML UT WOS:000268970800005 PM 19712151 ER PT J AU Wilcox, PC AF Wilcox, Philip C. TI A World of Trouble: The White House and the Middle East - From the Cold War to the War on Terror SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Wilcox, Philip C.] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N ST NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 63 IS 4 BP 683 EP 686 PG 4 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 515BQ UT WOS:000271441700023 ER PT J AU Lee, S Wamishe, Y Jia, Y Liu, G Jia, MH AF Lee, S. Wamishe, Y. Jia, Y. Liu, G. Jia, M. H. TI Identification of two major resistance genes against race IE-1k of Magnaporthe oryzae in the indica rice cultivar Zhe733 SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Oryza sativa; Magnaporthe oryzae; Rice blast disease resistance genes; Pi42(t) ID BLAST RESISTANCE; GRISEA; REGISTRATION; POPULATION; PATHOTYPES; VIRULENCE; MARKERS; FUNGUS AB The race IE-1k of Magnaporthe oryzae recovered from the Southern US overcomes the resistance (R) gene Pita. The objectives of the present study were to identify and tag R genes to IE-1k for rice breeding. TM2, S1, 94071, and B isolates of the race IE-1k were used to identify and map R genes from a resistant indica rice cultivar Zhe733 using a recombinant inbred line population from a cross of the genetic stock KBNTlpa1-1 and Zhe733. The ratio of 3 resistant:1 susceptible in 162 RIL of an F(10-11) KBNTlpa1-1/Zhe733 (K/Z) population indicated that two major R genes in Zhe733 confer resistance to IE-1k. A total of 118 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers were analyzed in 162 F(10-11) individuals of the K/Z population to determine chromosomal locations of the loci conferring resistance to race IE-1k using composite interval mapping. Two major R genes temporarily designated as Pi42(t) and Pi43(t) each providing complete resistance to IE-1k were identified on chromosomes 8 and 11, respectively. RILs containing Pi42(t) and Pi43(t) were also resistant to other US races IB-1, IB-45, IB-49, IB-54, IC-17, IE-1, IG-1, and IH-1. The Pi42(t) gene was mapped between RM310 and RM72, and the location of Pi43(t) was closely associated with two flanking SSR markers RM1233 and RM224 on chromosome 11 in a chromosomal region carrying the resistance gene Pi1. Two molecular markers RM72 and RM1233 identified in this study should be useful for fine mapping and for facilitating incorporation of Pi42(t) and Pi43(t) into advanced breeding lines by marker-assisted selection. C1 [Jia, Y.; Jia, M. H.] USDA ARS, DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Lee, S.; Wamishe, Y.; Liu, G.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, DB NRRC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM yulin.jia@ars.usda.gov FU Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board; USDA-ARS [6225-21220-002-00]; National Science Foundation [0638820] FX The authors thank the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board for partial financial support, Michael Lin, Tony Beaty, Kristen Pratt, Drs. Joseph Kepiro, Hesham Agrama, Robert Fjellstrom (USDA-ARS DB NRRC) for excellent technical support, Lorie Bernhardt and Dr. J. Neil Rutger of Genetic stock-Oryza (GSOR) collection of DB NRRC for providing the RIL population of the cross of KBNTlpa1-1 and Zhe733, and Dr. Thomas Mitchell ( Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University) and Dr. Stephen Neate ( Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University) for technical comments. This report is part of the NP301 project # 6225-21220-002-00 of USDA-ARS and is also supported by National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0638820, USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s11032-009-9276-9 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 484PP UT WOS:000269059100003 ER PT J AU Jones, E Chu, WC Ayele, M Ho, J Bruggeman, E Yourstone, K Rafalski, A Smith, OS McMullen, MD Bezawada, C Warren, J Babayev, J Basu, S Smith, S AF Jones, Elizabeth Chu, Wen-Chy Ayele, Mulu Ho, Julie Bruggeman, Ed Yourstone, Ken Rafalski, Antoni Smith, Oscar S. McMullen, Michael D. Bezawada, Chethana Warren, Jana Babayev, Jean Basu, Sutirtha Smith, Stephen TI Development of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for use in commercial maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Maize; Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP); Illumina; Expected heterozygosity; Genetic mapping ID GENOME; MAP; TECHNOLOGY; PATTERNS; REGIONS AB The development of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in maize offers the opportunity to utilize DNA markers in many new areas of population genetics, gene discovery, plant breeding and germplasm identification. However, the steps from sequencing and SNP discovery to SNP marker design and validation are lengthy and expensive. Access to a set of validated SNP markers is a significant advantage to maize researchers who wish to apply SNPs in scientific inquiry. We mined 1,088 loci sequenced across 60 public inbreds that have been used in maize breeding in North America and Europe. We then selected 640 SNPs using generalized marker design criteria that enable utilization with several SNP chemistries. While SNPs were found on average every 43 bases in 1,088 maize gene sequences, SNPs that were amenable to marker design were found on average every 623 bases; representing only 7% of the total SNPs discovered. We also describe the development of a 768 marker multiplex assay for use on the Illumina(A (R)) BeadArray (TM) platform. SNP markers were mapped on the IBM2 intermated B73 x Mo17 high resolution genetic map using either the IBM2 segregating population, or segregation in multiple parent-progeny triplets. A high degree of colinearity was found with the genetic nested association map. For each SNP presented we give information on map location, polymorphism rates in different heterotic groups and performance on the Illumina(A (R)) platform. C1 [Jones, Elizabeth; Ayele, Mulu; Bruggeman, Ed; Yourstone, Ken; Smith, Oscar S.; Warren, Jana; Babayev, Jean; Basu, Sutirtha; Smith, Stephen] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, DuPont Agr & Nutr, Johnston, IA 51031 USA. [Chu, Wen-Chy; Bezawada, Chethana] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, DuPont Agr & Nutr, Dallas Ctr, IA 50063 USA. [Ho, Julie] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, DuPont Agr & Nutr, Janesville, WI 53547 USA. [Rafalski, Antoni] DuPont Agr & Nutr, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Jones, E (reprint author), Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, DuPont Agr & Nutr, 7300 NW 62nd Ave,POB 1004, Johnston, IA 51031 USA. EM liz.jones@pioneer.com NR 23 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s11032-009-9281-z PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 484PP UT WOS:000269059100007 ER PT J AU Payton-Stewart, F Schoene, NW Kim, YS Burow, ME Cleveland, TE Boue, SM Wang, TTY AF Payton-Stewart, Florastina Schoene, Norberta W. Kim, Young S. Burow, Matthew E. Cleveland, Thomas E. Boue, Stephen M. Wang, Thomas T. Y. TI Molecular Effects of Soy Phytoalexin Glyceollins in Human Prostate Cancer Cells LNCaP SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE androgen; estrogen; cancer prevention; cell cycle; gene expression ID ANDROGEN-RESPONSIVE GENES; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-BETA; CLINICAL-TRIALS; HUMAN BREAST; GENISTEIN; GROWTH; ISOFLAVONES; INHIBITION; PATHWAYS; P21(WAF1/CIP1) AB Glyceollins are soy-derived phytoalexins that have been proposed to be candidate cancer preventive compounds. The effect of the glyceollins on prostate cancer is unknown. The present study examined the molecular effects of soy phytoalexin, glyceollins, on human prostate cancer cell LNCaP to further elucidate its potential effects on prostate cancer prevention. We found that the glyceollins inhibited LNCaP cell growth similar to that of the soy isoflavone genistein. The growth inhibitory effects of the glyceollins appeared to be due to an inhibition of G1/S progression and correlated with an up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 A and B mRNA and protein levels. By contrast, genistein only up-regulates cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A. In addition, glyceollin treatments led to down-regulated mRNA levels for androgen responsive genes. In contrast to genistein, this effect of glyceollins on androgen responsive genes appeared to be mediated through modulation of an estrogen- but not androgen-mediated pathway. Hence, the glyceollins exerted multiple effects on LNCaP cells that may be considered cancer preventive and the mechanisms of action appeared to be different from other soy-derived phytochemicals. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Schoene, Norberta W.; Wang, Thomas T. Y.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Payton-Stewart, Florastina; Burow, Matthew E.] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Sect Hematol & Med Oncol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Kim, Young S.] NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Canc Prevent Div, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Cleveland, Thomas E.; Boue, Stephen M.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Wang, TTY (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 307C,Room 132, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Burow, Matthew/D-6351-2013 OI Burow, Matthew/0000-0002-0642-6630 FU U.S appropriated funds [1235-51530-052-00, 59-6435-7-188]; National Cancer Institute; National Institute [DK059389] FX This work was supported by U.S appropriated funds to USDA project number 1235-51530-052-00 (TTYW, NWS), 59-6435-7-188 (TEC, SMB), the National Cancer Institute (YSK) and National Institute grant DK059389 (MEB). NR 33 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 48 IS 9 BP 862 EP 871 DI 10.1002/mc.20532 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 492EB UT WOS:000269636300010 PM 19263441 ER PT J AU Brunet, J Holmquist, KGA AF Brunet, Johanne Holmquist, Karsten G. A. TI The influence of distinct pollinators on female and male reproductive success in the Rocky Mountain columbine SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aquilegia coerulea; bumble bee; female function; hawkmoth; male function; paternity analysis; pollinator ID AQUILEGIA-CAERULEA RANUNCULACEAE; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; POLLEN DISPERSAL; SELF-FERTILIZATION; CROSS-FERTILIZATION; IPOMOPSIS-AGGREGATA; CHAMAELIRIUM-LUTEUM; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; FLORAL VISITORS; SEX ALLOCATION AB Although there are many reasons to expect distinct pollinator types to differentially affect a plant's reproductive success, few studies have directly examined this question. Here, we contrast the impact of two kinds of pollinators on reproductive success via male and female functions in the Rocky Mountain columbine, Aquilegia coerulea. We set up pollinator exclusion treatments in each of three patches where Aquilegia plants were visited by either day pollinators (majority bumble bees), by evening pollinators (hawkmoths), or by both (control). Day pollinators collected pollen and groomed, whereas evening pollinators collected nectar but did not groom. Maternal parents, potential fathers and progeny arrays were genotyped at five microsatellite loci. We estimated female outcrossing rate and counted seeds to measure female reproductive success and used paternity analysis to determine male reproductive success. Our results document that bumble bees frequently moved pollen among patches of plants and that, unlike hawkmoths, pollen moved by bumble bees sired more outcrossed seeds when it remained within a patch as opposed to moving between patches. Pollinator type differentially affected the outcrossing rate but not seed set, the number of outcrossed seeds or overall male reproductive success. Multiple visits to a plant and more frequent visits by bumble bees could help to explain the lack of impact of pollinator type on overall reproductive success. The increase in selfing rate with hawkmoths likely resulted from the abundant pollen available in experimental flowers. Our findings highlighted a new type of pollinator interactions that can benefit a plant species. C1 [Brunet, Johanne; Holmquist, Karsten G. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, VCRU, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Brunet, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, VCRU, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jbrunet@wisc.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture FX Christy Stewart optimized the microsatellite loci used in this study for Aquilegia coerulea. Heather Sweet coordinated the field season and set up field experiments with the help of Daniel deJoode and Meribeth Hudnall. Brian Yandell contributed to the statistical analyses. Victoria Sork, Zachary Larson-Rabin, Walter Goodman, Raymond Guries and some anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service to J.B. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 18 IS 17 BP 3745 EP 3758 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04304.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 486IP UT WOS:000269189900015 PM 19674307 ER PT J AU Beja-Pereira, A Oliveira, R Alves, PC Schwartz, MK Luikart, G AF Beja-Pereira, Albano Oliveira, Rita Alves, Paulo C. Schwartz, Michael K. Luikart, Gordon TI Advancing ecological understandings through technological transformations in noninvasive genetics SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Review DE conservation genetics; forensics; genomics; molecular ecology; population genetics ID ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; GENOTYPING ERROR RATES; REAL-TIME PCR; PANDA AILUROPODA-MELANOLEUCA; WHOLE GENOME AMPLIFICATION; DNA EXTRACTION METHODS; MOUNTAIN PYGMY-POSSUM; FECAL DNA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; QUANTITATIVE PCR AB Noninvasive genetic approaches continue to improve studies in molecular ecology, conservation genetics and related disciplines such as forensics and epidemiology. Noninvasive sampling allows genetic studies without disturbing or even seeing the target individuals. Although noninvasive genetic sampling has been used for wildlife studies since the 1990s, technological advances continue to make noninvasive approaches among the most used and rapidly advancing areas in genetics. Here, we review recent advances in noninvasive genetics and how they allow us to address important research and management questions thanks to improved techniques for DNA extraction, preservation, amplification and data analysis. We show that many advances come from the fields of forensics, human health and domestic animal health science, and suggest that molecular ecologists explore literature from these fields. Finally, we discuss how the combination of advances in each step of a noninvasive genetics study, along with fruitful areas for future research, will continually increase the power and role of noninvasive genetics in molecular ecology and conservation genetics. C1 [Beja-Pereira, Albano; Oliveira, Rita; Alves, Paulo C.; Luikart, Gordon] Univ Porto, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, CIBIO, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal. [Oliveira, Rita; Alves, Paulo C.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Zool & Antropol, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Luikart, G (reprint author), Univ Porto, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, CIBIO, Campus Agr Vairao, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal. EM gordon.luikart@mso.umt.edu RI ALVES, Paulo Celio/B-5448-2009; Beja-Pereira, Albano/B-3681-2008; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; OI ALVES, Paulo Celio/0000-0003-4797-0939; Beja-Pereira, Albano/0000-0002-1607-7382; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 NR 224 TC 141 Z9 146 U1 9 U2 102 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1301 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02699.x PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 482AH UT WOS:000268855000001 PM 21564900 ER PT J AU Abercrombie, LG Anderson, CM Baldwin, BG Bang, IC Beldade, R Bernardi, G Boubou, A Branca, A Bretagnolle, F Bruford, MW Buonamici, A Burnett, RK Canal, D Cardenas, H Caullet, C Chen, SY Chun, YJ Cossu, C Crane, CF Cros-Arteil, S Cudney-Bueno, R Danti, R Davila, JA Della Rocca, G Dobata, S Dunkle, LD Dupas, S Faure, N Ferrero, ME Fumanal, B Gigot, G Gonzalez, I Goodwin, SB Groth, D Hardesty, BD Hasegawa, E Hoffman, EA Hou, ML Jamsari, AFJ Ji, HJ Johnson, DH Joseph, L Justy, F Kang, EJ Kaufmann, B Kim, KS Kim, WJ Koehler, AV Laitung, B Latch, P Liu, YD Manjerovic, MB Martel, E Metcalfe, SS Miller, JN Midgley, JJ Migeon, A Moore, AJ Moore, WL Morris, VRF Navajas, M Navia, D Neel, MC de Nova, PJG Olivieri, I Omura, T Othman, AS Oudot-Canaff, J Panthee, DR Parkinson, CL Patimah, I Perez-Galindo, CA Pettengill, JB Pfautsch, S Piola, F Potti, J Poulin, R Raimondi, PT Rinehart, TA Ruzainah, A Sarver, SK Scheffler, BE Schneider, ARR Silvain, JF Azizah, MNS Springer, YP Stewart, CN Sun, W Tiedemann, R Tsuji, K Trigiano, RN Vendramin, GG Wadl, PA Wang, L Wang, X Watanabe, K Waterman, JM Weisser, WW Westcott, DA Wiesner, KR Xu, XF Yaegashi, S Yuan, JS AF Abercrombie, L. G. Anderson, C. M. Baldwin, B. G. Bang, I. C. Beldade, R. Bernardi, G. Boubou, A. Branca, A. Bretagnolle, F. Bruford, M. W. Buonamici, A. Burnett, R. K., Jr. Canal, D. Cardenas, H. Caullet, C. Chen, S. Y. Chun, Y. J. Cossu, C. Crane, C. F. Cros-Arteil, S. Cudney-Bueno, R. Danti, R. Davila, J. A. Della Rocca, G. Dobata, S. Dunkle, L. D. Dupas, S. Faure, N. Ferrero, M. E. Fumanal, B. Gigot, G. Gonzalez, I. Goodwin, S. B. Groth, D. Hardesty, B. D. Hasegawa, E. Hoffman, E. A. Hou, M. L. Jamsari, A. F. J. Ji, H. J. Johnson, D. H. Joseph, L. Justy, F. Kang, E. J. Kaufmann, B. Kim, K. S. Kim, W. J. Koehler, A. V. Laitung, B. Latch, P. Liu, Y. D. Manjerovic, M. B. Martel, E. Metcalfe, S. S. Miller, J. N. Midgley, J. J. Migeon, A. Moore, A. J. Moore, W. L. Morris, V. R. F. Navajas, M. Navia, D. Neel, M. C. de Nova, P. J. G. Olivieri, I. Omura, T. Othman, A. S. Oudot-Canaff, J. Panthee, D. R. Parkinson, C. L. Patimah, I. Perez-Galindo, C. A. Pettengill, J. B. Pfautsch, S. Piola, F. Potti, J. Poulin, R. Raimondi, P. T. Rinehart, T. A. Ruzainah, A. Sarver, S. K. Scheffler, B. E. Schneider, A. R. R. Silvain, J. F. Azizah, M. N. Siti Springer, Y. P. Stewart, C. N. Sun, W. Tiedemann, R. Tsuji, K. Trigiano, R. N. Vendramin, G. G. Wadl, P. A. Wang, L. Wang, X. Watanabe, K. Waterman, J. M. Weisser, W. W. Westcott, D. A. Wiesner, K. R. Xu, X. F. Yaegashi, S. Yuan, J. S. CA Mol Ecology Resources Primer Dev TI Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources database 1 January 2009-30 April 2009 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB This article documents the addition of 283 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Agalinis acuta; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Berula erecta; Casuarius casuarius; Cercospora zeae-maydis; Chorthippus parallelus; Conyza canadensis; Cotesia sesamiae; Epinephelus acanthistius; Ficedula hypoleuca; Grindelia hirsutula; Guadua angustifolia; Leucadendron rubrum; Maritrema novaezealandensis; Meretrix meretrix; Nilaparvata lugens; Oxyeleotris marmoratus; Phoxinus neogaeus; Pristomyrmex punctatus; Pseudobagrus brevicorpus; Seiridium cardinale; Stenopsyche marmorata; Tetranychus evansi and Xerus inauris. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Agalinis decemloba; Agalinis tenella; Agalinis obtusifolia; Agalinis setacea; Agalinis skinneriana; Cercospora zeina; Cercospora kikuchii; Cercospora sorghi; Mycosphaerella graminicola; Setosphaeria turcica; Magnaporthe oryzae; Cotesia flavipes; Cotesia marginiventris; Grindelia Xpaludosa; Grindelia chiloensis; Grindelia fastigiata; Grindelia lanceolata; Grindelia squarrosa; Leucadendron coniferum; Leucadendron salicifolium; Leucadendron tinctum; Leucadendron meridianum; Laodelphax striatellus; Sogatella furcifera; Phoxinus eos; Phoxinus rigidus; Phoxinus brevispinosus; Phoxinus bicolor; Tetranychus urticae; Tetranychus turkestani; Tetranychus ludeni; Tetranychus neocaledonicus; Tetranychus amicus; Amphitetranychus viennensis; Eotetranychus rubiphilus; Eotetranychus tiliarium; Oligonychus perseae; Panonychus citri; Bryobia rubrioculus; Schizonobia bundi; Petrobia harti; Xerus princeps; Spermophilus tridecemlineatus and Sciurus carolinensis. C1 [Abercrombie, L. G.; Johnson, D. H.; Panthee, D. R.; Stewart, C. N.; Trigiano, R. N.; Wadl, P. A.; Yuan, J. S.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Mol Ecol Resources Editorial Off, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Anderson, C. M.; Miller, J. N.] Black Hills State Univ, Ctr Conservat Biol Resources, Spearfish, SD 57799 USA. [Baldwin, B. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Jepson Herbarium, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bang, I. C.; Kim, K. S.] Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Marine Biotechnol, Asan 336745, South Korea. [Beldade, R.; Bernardi, G.; Raimondi, P. T.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Boubou, A.; Cros-Arteil, S.; Migeon, A.; Navajas, M.] INRA, IRD Cirad Montpellier SupAgro, Ctr Biol & Gest Populat, UMR CBGP, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Branca, A.; Dupas, S.; Faure, N.; Gigot, G.; Silvain, J. F.] CNRS, UPR 9034, Lab Evolut Genomes & Speciat, Inst Rech Dev,UR072, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bretagnolle, F.; Caullet, C.; Laitung, B.] Univ Bourgogne, UMR Biol & Gest Adventices 1210, F-21085 Dijon, France. [Bruford, M. W.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Biodivers & Ecol Proc Grp, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Buonamici, A.; Vendramin, G. G.] CNR, IGV, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Burnett, R. K., Jr.; Neel, M. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Canal, D.; Potti, J.] CSIC, Estac Biol Donana, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, Seville 41092, Spain. [Cardenas, H.; Gonzalez, I.; Perez-Galindo, C. A.] Univ Santiago Cali, Basic & Environm Sci & Technol Dev Res Ctr CICBA, Cali, Colombia. [Chen, S. Y.; Sun, W.; Wang, L.; Xu, X. F.] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Jiangsu Key Lab Biodivers & Biotechnol, Nanjing 210097, Peoples R China. [Chen, S. Y.; Ji, H. J.] Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Res Inst, Nantong 226007, Peoples R China. [Chun, Y. J.] INRA, UMR Biol & Gest Adventices 1210, F-21085 Dijon, France. [Cossu, C.; Danti, R.; Della Rocca, G.] CNR, IPP, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Crane, C. F.; Dupas, S.; Goodwin, S. B.] Purdue Univ, ARS, USDA, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cudney-Bueno, R.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Davila, J. A.; Ferrero, M. E.; de Nova, P. J. G.] UCLM, JCCM, CSIC, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget,IREC, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain. [Dobata, S.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Dept Gen Syst Studies, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. [Fumanal, B.] Univ Blaise Pascal, UMR PIAF 547, F-63177 Aubiere, France. [Groth, D.] Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Biomed Sci, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [Hardesty, B. D.; Joseph, L.; Metcalfe, S. S.; Westcott, D. A.] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia. [Hasegawa, E.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Dept Systemat & Ecol, Lab Anim Ecol,Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan. [Hoffman, E. A.; Parkinson, C. L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Hou, M. L.; Manjerovic, M. B.] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Jamsari, A. F. J.; Othman, A. S.; Azizah, M. N. Siti] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Biol Sci, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. [Justy, F.; Olivieri, I.] Univ Montpellier, Inst Sci Evolut, F-34059 Montpellier, France. [Kang, E. J.] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, So Reg Inland Fisheries Inst, Jinhae 645806, South Korea. [Kaufmann, B.; Moore, A. J.; Oudot-Canaff, J.; Piola, F.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR Ecol Fluvial Hydrosyst 5023, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Kim, W. J.] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Biotechnol Res Inst, Pusan 619705, South Korea. [Koehler, A. V.; Poulin, R.] Univ Otago, Dept Zool, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Latch, P.] Queensland Pk & Wildlife Serv, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia. [Midgley, J. J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Bot, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Moore, W. L.] Univ Utah, David Eccles Sch Business, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Morris, V. R. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Navia, D.] EMBRAPA Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Neel, M. C.; Pettengill, J. B.] Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Omura, T.; Watanabe, K.; Yaegashi, S.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Patimah, I.] Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Biomed, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. [Pfautsch, S.; Schneider, A. R. R.; Tiedemann, R.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, Unit Evolutionary Biol Systemat Zool, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Rinehart, T. A.] ARS, USDA, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Ruzainah, A.] Univ Kuala Lumpur, MICET, Dept Biosyst & Bioproc Engn Technol, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia. [Scheffler, B. E.; Tiedemann, R.] ARS, USDA, CGRU MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Azizah, M. N. Siti] Univ Sains Malaysia, Ctr Marine & Coastal Studies, Muka Head, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. [Tsuji, K.] Univ Ryukyus, Fac Agr, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Okinawa 9030213, Japan. [Wang, X.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Weisser, W. W.; Wiesner, K. R.] Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, Unit Multitroph Interact, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Branca, A.; Dupas, S.; Faure, N.; Gigot, G.; Silvain, J. F.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Burnett, R. K., Jr.; Neel, M. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Abercrombie, LG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Weisser, Wolfgang/B-9718-2014; Gomez de Nova, Pedro Jose/L-4171-2014; Potti, Jaime/A-3077-2009; Metcalfe, Suzanne/I-4255-2012; Della Rocca, Gianni/I-2541-2015; Koehler, Anson/P-3658-2015; Navia, Denise/C-5016-2013; Vendramin, Giovanni G/K-9731-2014; Olivieri, Isabelle/E-5872-2016; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Tsuji, Kazuki/D-6607-2014; Canal, David/E-4401-2013; Watanabe, Kozo/F-7388-2010; Bruford, Michael/D-3750-2009; Westcott, David/G-5559-2010; Faure, Nathalie/B-4485-2009; Mohd Nor, Siti Azizah/A-8275-2011; Hardesty, Britta Denise/A-3189-2011; Bernardi, Giacomo/F-6346-2011; Poulin, Robert/C-3117-2008; Joseph, Leo/F-9235-2010; Beldade, Ricardo/B-3724-2012; Branca, Antoine/H-6088-2012; Della Rocca, Gianni/B-4321-2013 OI Tiedemann, Ralph/0000-0002-2604-6336; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952; Weisser, Wolfgang/0000-0002-2757-8959; Gomez de Nova, Pedro Jose/0000-0001-9725-6747; Della Rocca, Gianni/0000-0001-5888-2550; Koehler, Anson/0000-0001-8330-6416; Vendramin, Giovanni G/0000-0001-9921-7872; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Tsuji, Kazuki/0000-0002-2027-8582; Goodwin, Stephen/0000-0001-5708-9729; Canal, David/0000-0003-2875-2987; Watanabe, Kozo/0000-0002-7062-595X; Bruford, Michael/0000-0001-6357-6080; Hardesty, Britta Denise/0000-0003-1948-5098; Bernardi, Giacomo/0000-0002-8249-4678; Poulin, Robert/0000-0003-1390-1206; Beldade, Ricardo/0000-0003-1911-0122; NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1379 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02746.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 482AH UT WOS:000268855000012 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL Ma, MG Song, MZ AF Liu, Z. Lewis Ma, Menggen Song, Mingzhou TI Evolutionarily engineered ethanologenic yeast detoxifies lignocellulosic biomass conversion inhibitors by reprogrammed pathways SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Gene expression; Lignocellulosic ethanol; Pathway analysis; qRT-PCR standard; Stress tolerance ID EXTERNAL RNA CONTROLS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FERMENTATION INHIBITORS; HMF; REDUCTION; TOLERANCE; HYDROLYZATE; METABOLISM; MECHANISM; NETWORKS AB Lignocellulosic biomass conversion inhibitors, furfural and HMF, inhibit microbial growth and interfere with subsequent fermentation of ethanol, posing significant challenges for a sustainable cellulosic ethanol conversion industry. Numerous yeast genes were found to be associated with the inhibitor tolerance. However, limited knowledge is available about mechanisms of the tolerance and the detoxification of the biomass conversion inhibitors. Using a robust standard for absolute mRNA quantification assay and a recently developed tolerant ethanologenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-50049, we investigate pathway-based transcription profiles relevant to the yeast tolerance and the inhibitor detoxification. Under the synergistic inhibitory challenges by furfural and HMF, Y-50049 was able to withstand the inhibitor stress, in situ detoxify furfural and HMF, and produce ethanol, while its parental control Y-12632 failed to function till 65 h after incubation. The tolerant strain Y-50049 displayed enriched genetic background with significantly higher abundant of transcripts for at least 16 genes than a non-tolerant parental strain Y-12632. The enhanced expression of ZWF1 appeared to drive glucose metabolism in favor of pentose phosphate pathway over glycolysis at earlier steps of glucose metabolisms. Cofactor NAD(P)H generation steps were likely accelerated by enzymes encoded by ZWF1, GND1, GND2, TDH1, and ALD4. NAD(P)H-dependent aldehyde reductions including conversion of furfural and HMF, in return, provided sufficient NAD(P)(+) for NAD(P)H regeneration in the yeast detoxification pathways. Enriched genetic background and a well maintained redox balance through reprogrammed expression responses of Y-50049 were accountable for the acquired tolerance and detoxification of furfural to furan methanol and HMF to furan dimethanol. We present significant gene interactions and regulatory networks involved in NAD(P)H regenerations and functional aldehyde reductions under the inhibitor stress. C1 [Liu, Z. Lewis; Ma, Menggen] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Ma, Menggen; Song, Mingzhou] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ZLewis.Liu@ars.usda.gov OI Song, Mingzhou/0000-0002-6883-6547 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35504-17359] FX We thank Scott Weber and Stephanie Thompson for technical assistance and Pat Slininger for discussions. This work was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2006-35504-17359. NR 44 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-4615 EI 1617-4623 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD SEP PY 2009 VL 282 IS 3 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s00438-009-0461-7 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 486OL UT WOS:000269206500002 PM 19517136 ER PT J AU Erez, A Chen, Y Shchelochkov, OA Nagamani, SS Mian, A Bertin, TK Jiang, M Black, JO Garg, H Zeng, H Summar, M O'Brien, WE Mitch, WE Aschner, JL Marini, JC Bryan, NS Lee, B AF Erez, A. Chen, Y. Shchelochkov, O. A. Nagamani, S. S. Mian, A. Bertin, T. K. Jiang, M. Black, J. O. Garg, H. Zeng, H. Summar, M. O'Brien, W. E. Mitch, W. E. Aschner, J. L. Marini, J. C. Bryan, N. S. Lee, B. TI ARGINIOSUCCINATE LYASE IS AN ESSENTIAL REGULATOR OF NITRIC OXIDE HOMEOSTASIS SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference of Inborn Errors of Metabolism CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2009 CL San Diego, CA C1 [Erez, A.; Chen, Y.; Shchelochkov, O. A.; Nagamani, S. S.; Mian, A.; Bertin, T. K.; Jiang, M.; Black, J. O.; O'Brien, W. E.; Mitch, W. E.; Lee, B.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Garg, H.; Bryan, N. S.] Univ Texas Houston, Houston, TX USA. [Marini, J. C.] USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res, Dept Pediat Nutr, Houston, TX USA. [Lee, B.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Black, Jennifer/A-3612-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 98 IS 1-2 MA 707 BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 483DQ UT WOS:000268942600605 ER PT J AU Kannan, L Liyanage, R Lay, JO Rath, NC AF Kannan, Lakshmi Liyanage, Rohana Lay, Jackson O., Jr. Rath, Narayan C. TI Evaluation of beta defensin 2 production by chicken heterophils using direct MALDI mass spectrometry SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian beta defensin 2; Heterophil; MALDI-TOF-MS; Toll-like receptors ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; AVIAN HETEROPHILS; INNATE IMMUNITY; EXPRESSION; QUANTIFICATION; UPDATE; PERSPECTIVE; GALLINACINS; DISEASE AB Beta defensins (BD) are cysteine rich. cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMP) produced mainly by epithelial and myeloid cells such as neutrophils. In birds, the neutrophil equivalent heterophils produce avian beta defensins (AvBD) of which AvBD2 is the major isoform. Heterophils recognize pathogens or their derived products through a series of pattern recognition receptors called toll-like receptors (TLR) leading to their antimicrobial activities. This work is the first report of TLR modulation of AvBD2 expression in chickens. To measure the effect of TLR activation on AvBD2 production, the heterophils were cultured with different TLR agonists for 6 h. Modulation of AvBD2 levels by TLR activation was measured using direct MALDI mass spectrometry without stable isotopic labeling or chromatographic separation. Chemical modification of the conditioned media was performed using reduction/alkylation with dithiothreitol/iodoacetamide to distinguish TLR treated AvBD2 (reduced/alkylated) from controls (non-reduced). Changes in corrected ion intensity ratios were assumed to reflect AvBD2 modulation in heterophils upon activation with different TLR agonists. In general, TLR agonists increased AvBD2 production with LPS showing the greatest induction and CpG-ODN showing little or no effect. These data show that the direct MALDI-MS coupled with reduction/alkylation may provide a rapid relative quantitative approach to the measurement of agonist-induced differential expression of AvBD2. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rath, Narayan C.] Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kannan, Lakshmi] Univ Arkansas, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kannan, Lakshmi] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Liyanage, Rohana; Lay, Jackson O., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM narayan.rath@ars.usda.gov RI Lay, Jackson/G-1007-2011 OI Lay, Jackson/0000-0003-3789-2527 FU Arkansas Biosciences Institute FX We thank Sonia Tsai and Scott Zornes for technical assistance and Drs. Yuchun Du and Mohan Achary for their helpful reviews. This work was supported in part by a grant from Arkansas Biosciences Institute. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 46 IS 15 BP 3151 EP 3156 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.07.005 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 502WA UT WOS:000270489800031 PM 19665233 ER PT J AU Hedenstrom, M Wiklund-Lindstrom, S Oman, T Lu, FC Gerber, L Schatz, P Sundberg, B Ralph, J AF Hedenstrom, Mattias Wiklund-Lindstrom, Susanne Oman, Tommy Lu, Fachuang Gerber, Lorenz Schatz, Paul Sundberg, Bjorn Ralph, John TI Identification of Lignin and Polysaccharide Modifications in Populus Wood by Chemometric Analysis of 2D NMR Spectra from Dissolved Cell Walls SO MOLECULAR PLANT LA English DT Article DE Aspen; biostatistics; cell walls; multivariate data analysis; NMR spectroscopy; tension wood ID SOLUTION-STATE NMR; TENSION WOOD; ORTHOGONAL PROJECTIONS; DOWN-REGULATION; DFRC METHOD; POPLAR; SPECTROSCOPY; LIGNIFICATION; CELLULOSE; REDUCTASE AB 2D (13)C-(1)H HSQC NMR spectroscopy of acetylated cell walls in solution gives a detailed fingerprint that can be used to assess the chemical composition of the complete wall without extensive degradation. We demonstrate how multivariate analysis of such spectra can be used to visualize cell wall changes between sample types as high-resolution 2D NMR loading spectra. Changes in composition and structure for both lignin and polysaccharides can subsequently be interpreted on a molecular level. The multivariate approach alleviates problems associated with peak picking of overlapping peaks, and it allows the deduction of the relative importance of each peak for sample discrimination. As a first proof of concept, we compare Populus tension wood to normal wood. All well established differences in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin compositions between these wood types were readily detected, confirming the reliability of the multivariate approach. In a second example, wood from transgenic Populus modified in their degree of pectin methylesterification was compared to that of wild-type trees. We show that differences in both lignin and polysaccharide composition that are difficult to detect with traditional spectral analysis and that could not be a priori predicted were revealed by the multivariate approach. 2D NMR of dissolved cell wall samples combined with multivariate analysis constitutes a novel approach in cell wall analysis and provides a new tool that will benefit cell wall research. C1 [Hedenstrom, Mattias; Wiklund-Lindstrom, Susanne; Oman, Tommy] Umea Univ, Dept Chem, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gerber, Lorenz; Sundberg, Bjorn] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Genet & Plant Physiol, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Schatz, Paul; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lu, Fachuang; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hedenstrom, M (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Chem, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. EM mattias.hedenstrom@chem.umu.se FU Funcfiber; FORMAS center for excellence in wood science; EU [028974]; Office of Science (BER); US Dept. of Energy [DE-AI02-06ER64299]; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX This work was supported by Funcfiber, a FORMAS center for excellence in wood science, EU grant (028974) (CASPIC) and the Swedish energy agency. The US group was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Dept. of Energy, Interagency agreement No. DE-AI02-06ER64299, and was also funded in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (www.greatlakesbioenergy.org), which is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-07ER64494 between The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System and the US Department of Energy. NR 38 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 44 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1674-2052 J9 MOL PLANT JI Mol. Plant. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 2 IS 5 BP 933 EP 942 DI 10.1093/mp/ssp047 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 499KL UT WOS:000270218900011 PM 19825670 ER PT J AU Lu, SW Chen, SY Wang, JY Yu, H Chronis, D Mitchum, MG Wang, XH AF Lu, Shun-Wen Chen, Shiyan Wang, Jianying Yu, Hang Chronis, Demosthenis Mitchum, Melissa G. Wang, Xiaohong TI Structural and Functional Diversity of CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE)-Like Genes from the Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera rostochiensis SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID STEM-CELL FATE; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODE; OF-FUNCTION PHENOTYPES; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CLE PEPTIDES; ROOT-MERISTEM; RECEPTOR KINASE; CLV3; SHOOT AB Plant CLAVATA3/ESR-related (CLE) peptides have diverse roles in plant growth and development. Here, we report the isolation and functional characterization of five new CLE genes from the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. Unlike typical plant CLE peptides that contain a single CLE motif, four of the five Gr-CLE genes encode CLE proteins with multiple CLE motifs. These Gr-CLE genes were found to be specifically expressed within the dorsal esophageal gland cell of nematode parasitic stages, suggesting a role for their encoded proteins in plant parasitism. Overexpression phenotypes of Gr-CLE genes in Arabidopsis mimicked those of plant CLE genes, and Gr-CLE proteins could rescue the Arabidopsis clv3-2 mutant phenotype when expressed within meristems. A short root phenotype was observed when synthetic GrCLE peptides were exogenously applied to roots of Arabidopsis or potato similar to the overexpression of Gr-CLE genes in Arabidopsis and potato hairy roots. These results reveal that G. rostochiensis CLE proteins with either single or multiple CLE motifs function similarly to plant CLE proteins and that CLE signaling components are conserved in both Arabidopsis and potato roots. Furthermore, our results provide evidence to suggest that the evolution of multiple CLE motifs may be an important mechanism for generating functional diversity in nematode CLE proteins to facilitate parasitism. C1 [Lu, Shun-Wen; Chen, Shiyan; Yu, Hang; Chronis, Demosthenis; Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wang, Jianying; Mitchum, Melissa G.] Univ Missouri, Interdisciplinary Plant Grp, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wang, Jianying; Mitchum, Melissa G.] Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wang, XH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM xiaohong.wang@ars.usda.gov RI Chen, Shiyan/N-1832-2014 FU United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2007-35607-17790, 2009-35302-05304] FX This work was partially supported by the United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative grant awards 2007-35607-17790 and 2009-35302-05304 to M. G. Mitchum and X. Wang. We thank D. Thurston for maintaining nematode populations, R. Simon for providing the pBU14 vector, and R. Hussey and G. Martin for their review of the first draft of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 53 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1128 EP 1142 DI 10.1094/MPMI-22-9-1128 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 480FR UT WOS:000268718200008 PM 19656047 ER PT J AU Lee, W Kang, J Jung, C Hoelmer, K Lee, S Lee, S AF Lee, Wonhoon Kang, Joongnam Jung, Chansik Hoelmer, Kim Lee, Si Hyeock Lee, Seunghwan TI Complete mitochondrial genome of brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and phylogenetic relationships of hemipteran suborders SO MOLECULES AND CELLS LA English DT Article DE gene rearrangement; Halyomorpha halys; Hemiptera; mitochondrial genome; phylogeny ID GENE REARRANGEMENT; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SEQUENCE; DNA; HETEROPTERA; INSECTA; AMPLIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; HYMENOPTERA; HOMOPTERA AB The newly sequenced complete mitochondrial genome of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (StAyenl) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a circular molecule of 16,518 bp with a total A+T content of 76.4% and two extensive repeat regions in A+T rich region. Nucleotide composition and codon usage of H. halys are about average when compared with values observed in 19 other published hemipteran mitochondrial genomes. Phylogenetic analyses using these 20 hemipteran mitochondrial genomes support the currently accepted hypothesis that suborders Heteroptera and Auchenorrhyncha form a monophyletic group. The mitochondrial gene arrangements of the 20 genomes are also consistent with our results. C1 [Lee, Wonhoon; Lee, Seunghwan] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Insect Biosystemat Lab, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Hoelmer, Kim] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Lab, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Lee, Si Hyeock] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Insect Mol Biol & Toxicol Lab, Seoul 151921, South Korea. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Insect Biosystemat Lab, Seoul 151921, South Korea. EM seung@snu.ac.kr FU Biogreen21 Project [2007030134032]; U. S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service and Seoul National University [58-1926-7-154F] FX We thank Dr. Iksoo Kim, Chonnam National University, for kindly advising many valuable comments on molecular analysis. This research was supported by the grants from Biogreen21 Project (2007030134032) and Agricultural R&D Promotion Center, and Specific Cooperative Agreement #58-1926-7-154F between the U. S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service and Seoul National University. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 15 PU KOREAN SOC MOLECULAR & CELLULAR BIOLOGY PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUCKSAM-DONG, GANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1016-8478 J9 MOL CELLS JI Mol. Cells PD SEP PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s10059-009-0125-9 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 498ZE UT WOS:000270184800003 PM 19756390 ER PT J AU Schreiner, RP Mihara, KL AF Schreiner, R. Paul Mihara, Keiko L. TI The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi amplified from grapevine roots (Vitis vinifera L.) in Oregon vineyards is seasonally stable and influenced by soil and vine age SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AMF community; Glomeromycota; Pinot noir; ribosomal DNA; roots; spores ID MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; UNDISTURBED VEGETATION; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; TROPICAL FOREST; COLONIZATION; WOODLAND; GRASSLAND; AMPLIFICATION AB The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in 10 Oregon vineyards was assessed by examining spores in soil and amplifying mycorrhizal DNA from roots. Seventeen spore morphotypes were found in soil, including seven species in the Acaulosporaceae. Eighteen phylotypes were amplified from grape roots with AMI and NS31 primers, and clones were dominated by Glamus spp. (> 99%). A few clones (< 1%) representing a single phylotype within Gigasporaceae, and a single clone within Archaeosporaceae were amplified front roots with AM1-NS31 primers. A separate experiment employing known proportions Of grape roots colonized by Glomus intraradices or by Gigaspora rosea showed that fungi within Gigasporaceae might be underrepresented in clone abundance when Glomus spp. co-occur in roots. No clones representing fungi within the Acaulosporaceae were amplified from vineyards, although specific fungi within Acaulosporaceae were shown to colonize Pinot noir roots in sterilized soil and were amplified From these roots. Four Glomus phylotypes, including G. intraradices, were found in roots from all 10 vineyards, and these fungi accounted for 81% of clones. AMF phylotypes amplified from roots did not change during the growing season, although six phylotypes varied with soil type. The presence of three phylotypes was affected by vineyard age, and phylotype richness appeared to decline as vineyard age increased beyond 20 y. PCA analysis Supported the hypothesis that the AMF community is different in red-hill soils than in valley soils and indicated certain phylotypes might be associated with lower soil and vine nutrient status. However, the changes in the AMF community in grape roots across vineyards were subtle because most root samples were dominated by the same three or four phylotypes. A separate analysis using primers to amplify AMF from the Archeasporaceae/Paraglomeraceae showed most root samples also were colonized by at least one Paraglomus or Archaeospora phylotype. C1 [Schreiner, R. Paul; Mihara, Keiko L.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Schreiner, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM paul.schreiner@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 34 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 101 IS 5 BP 599 EP 611 DI 10.3852/08-169 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 491WM UT WOS:000269612700003 PM 19750939 ER PT J AU Becerra, AG Nouhra, ER Silva, MP Mckay, D AF Becerra, Alejandra G. Nouhra, Eduardo R. Silva, Mariana P. McKay, Donaraye TI Ectomycorrhizae, arbuscular mycorrhizae, and dark-septate fungi on Salix humboldtiana in two riparian populations from central Argentina SO MYCOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ITS sequence analysis; Morphological characterization; Mycorrhizae; Salix ID REPENS L. COMMUNITIES; PHIALOCEPHALA-FORTINII; DUNE ECOSYSTEMS; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; ALNUS-ACUMINATA; EXIT GLACIER; COLONIZATION; SOIL; ALPINE; GROWTH AB Colonization of Salix humboldtiana (Salicaceae) by ectomycorrhizae (ECM), arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), and dark-septate endophytic (DSE) fungi was studied throughout autumn on two riparian populations in central Argentina. AM and DSE infection on roots ranged from 0% to 17% and from 2% to 20% respectively, whereas ECM colonization was higher, varying between 33% and 99% for both sites. Seven ECM morphotypes were found on S. humboldtiana roots. The nuclear rDNA internal transcriber spacer (ITS) region from the ectomycorrhizal root tips was amplified using ITS-1F and ITS-4 primers. Two of the seven ECM types were identified by searching GenBank blasts: one attributed to the genus Tomentella (Thelephoraceae) and the second most closely matched to Inocybe sp. (Cortinariaceae). The ECM colonization varied among sampling dates and sites, whereas AM and DSE colonization varied only among sampling dates. Diversity values for the ECM morphotype were not significantly different for autumn months or among the two sites. Positive correlations were found between Inocybe sp. and sites and between Inocybe sp., Tomentella sp., morphotypes III, IV, and VI, and sampling dates. This article provides the first documented evidence of co-occurrence of ECM, AM, and DSE in S. humboldtiana. C1 [Becerra, Alejandra G.; Nouhra, Eduardo R.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, CONICET, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Silva, Mariana P.] FAUBA, Estn Biol Sierras, Cordoba, Argentina. [McKay, Donaraye] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Becerra, AG (reprint author), Univ Nacl Cordoba, CONICET, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal, CC 495,X5000JJC, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. EM beceale@gmail.com FU Agencia Cordoba Ciencia [N 1416/97, 1655/99]; CONICET FX This work was partially supported by Agencia Cordoba Ciencia (N 1416/97; 1655/99). Special thanks to Drs. Joyce Eberhart, Efren Cazares, Hughes Massicotte and Ari Jumpponen for critical reading of the manuscript. We thank to Dr. Laura Dominguez and Biol. Graciela Daniele for their help during the sampling. M. S. is grateful to CONICET for the fellowships provided. A. B. and E. N. are Researchers of CONICET. NR 77 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1340-3540 J9 MYCOSCIENCE JI Mycoscience PD SEP PY 2009 VL 50 IS 5 BP 343 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s10267-009-0490-4 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 495XL UT WOS:000269928800003 ER PT J AU Tunaz, H Stanley, D AF Tunaz, Hasan Stanley, David TI An immunological axis of biocontrol: infections in field-trapped insects SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Insect immunology; Naturally occurring infections; Nodulation AB Insect immunology is an active research arena, however, the vast majority of research in the area is conducted on model species taken from laboratory cultures. We tested the hypothesis that insects are regularly exposed to infections or invasions in nature and here report results of a field study designed to assess the extent of natural infections in insects collected from agrarian fields surrounding KahramanmaraAY, Turkey. Specimens were dissected to assess numbers of nodules. Formation of darkened, melanotic nodules is the predominant cellular immune reaction to microbial and parasitic infection, and once formed, the nodules are permanently attached to internal surfaces. The collected insects were healthy. Of the > 400 examined specimens, at least some nodules were found in 98%. Numbers of nodules ranged from similar to 2/individual to > 100 nodules/individual. We conclude that insects are regularly challenged by microbial and parasitic infections from which they recover. The novel implication of our data is that insect immune systems may limit the host range and effectiveness of agents deployed in biological control programs. Knowledge of insect immune systems may contribute to increased use of biopesticides globally. C1 [Stanley, David] ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Tunaz, Hasan] Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Fac Agr, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. RP Stanley, D (reprint author), ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, USDA, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM stanleyd@missouri.edu FU Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University research fund [KSU-2003/2-9] FX This work was supported by the Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University research fund (Project KSU-2003/2-9). We thank Deb Palmquist (ARS Midwest Area Statistician) for her excellent assistance with statistical analyses. Sincere thanks to Dr. M. Kubilay ER for critical comments on this paper. We thank Professor Nedim Uygun for help with insect identifications. All experiments reported in this paper comply with the laws of the country in which they were performed. This article reports the results of research only, and mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for its use by the USDA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD SEP PY 2009 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1115 EP 1119 DI 10.1007/s00114-009-0572-3 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 483ZY UT WOS:000269013600013 PM 19533075 ER PT J AU Castillo, A Gomez, J Infante, F Vega, FE AF Castillo, Alfredo Gomez, Jaime Infante, Francisco Vega, Fernando E. TI Susceptibility of the Parasitoid Phymastichus coffea LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) to Beauveria bassiana Under Laboratory Conditions SO NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA Spanish DT Article DE Coffee; Hypothenemus hampei; entomopathogenic fungus ID HYPOTHENEMUS-HAMPEI COLEOPTERA; BERRY BORER; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SCOLYTIDAE; INSECT AB The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most important coffee pest worldwide. Beauveria bassiana is a generalist entomopathogenic fungus widely used by coffee farmers to control this pest and Phymastichus coffea LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an African endoparasitoid of H. hampei adults, recently imported to several Latin American and Caribbean countries to aid in the coffee berry borer control. The objective of this study was to determine if B. bassiana is detrimental to P. coffea. The susceptibility of the parasitoid was evaluated in terms of adult survivorship, mean lethal concentration (LC(50)), mean lethal time (LT(50)), reproduction and immature mortality. The main effect of the fungus resulted in reduction of adult longevity and mortality of 100% for immature stages of this parasitoid. The LC(50) for adults was 0.11% equivalent to 9.53 x 10(7) conidia/ml of B. bassiana and a LT(50) of 29.4h, equivalent to reduction of 22% of its normal longevity as an adult. P. coffea was capable of disseminating spores of B. bassiana to non-infected H. hampei adults, which could indirectly cause the death of its own progeny. These results could be valuable when considering the use of both organisms in the field, especially in an integrated pest management program. C1 [Castillo, Alfredo; Gomez, Jaime; Infante, Francisco] El Colegio Frontera Sur ECOSUR, Depto Entomol Trop, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. [Vega, Fernando E.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Castillo, A (reprint author), El Colegio Frontera Sur ECOSUR, Depto Entomol Trop, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2-5, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. EM jgomez@ecosur.mx; jgomez@ecosur.mx; finfante@ecosur.mx; fernando.vega@ars.usda.gov RI Trejo, Yesenia/D-9257-2012; Alfredo, Castillo/B-5491-2016; Gomez, Jaime/O-1717-2016 OI Alfredo, Castillo/0000-0003-1452-0026; Gomez, Jaime/0000-0002-9704-9761 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC BRASIL PI LONDRINA, PA C POSTAL 481, 86001-970 LONDRINA,, PR, BRAZIL SN 1519-566X J9 NEOTROP ENTOMOL JI Neotrop. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 38 IS 5 BP 665 EP 670 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 519IS UT WOS:000271760200017 PM 19943017 ER PT J AU Zielinski, WJ Schlexer, FV AF Zielinski, William J. Schlexer, Fredrick V. TI Inter-Observer Variation in Identifying Mammals from Their Tracks at Enclosed Track Plate Stations SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN MARTENS; HABITAT MODELS; CALIFORNIA; FISHER; CARNIVORES; PENNANTI; FORESTS; USA AB Enclosed track plate stations are a common method to detect mammalian carnivores. Studies rely on these data to make inferences about geographic range, population status and detectability. Despite their popularity, there has been no effort to document inter-observer variation in identifying the species that leave their tracks. Four previous field crew leaders identified the tracks of carnivores and non-camivores on 105 track sheets from enclosed track plate stations that were used in field studies in California. Because the identity of the species was unknown, we evaluated the consistency in identifications among the 4 observers. The observers were in agreement on the identity of tracks on 73.3% of the track sheets. Considering only the putative carnivore tracks, the agreement was higher (86.8%) and was higher still (95.4%) when the lowest quality carnivore tracks were excluded. American martens (Martes americana) and fishers (M. pennanti) are important species from a conservation perspective, and there was only one occasion of inter-observer disagreement. Observers were much less consistent in identifying non-carnivores, achieving consensus on only 37.1% of the opportunities. When observers have training and experience similar to those involved here, tracks should be considered a reliable method for verifying the identity of most of the species that visit track-plate stations. Our results indicate that inter-observer variation is unlikely to have affected conclusions from previously published reports about the distribution or abundance of carnivores. We caution, however, that observers refrain from identifying a track when the quality is poor and also to assign only the highest level of taxonomic resolution that is justified. C1 [Zielinski, William J.; Schlexer, Fredrick V.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Zielinski, WJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bzielinski@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 83 IS 4 BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508KQ UT WOS:000270930100001 ER PT J AU Hansen, AK Ortega, YK Six, DL AF Hansen, Allison K. Ortega, Yvette K. Six, Diana L. TI Comparison of Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages in Rocky Mountain Savannas Invaded and Un-invaded by an Exotic Forb, Spotted Knapweed SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECIES RICHNESS; BOREAL FOREST; SEED-FALL; INVASION; ANTS; MYRMECOCHORY; CONSEQUENCES; VEGETATION; GRASSLAND; DISPERSAL AB We compared ground beetle (Carabidae) assemblages between spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) -invaded (invaded) and un-invaded (native) habitats in Rocky Mountain savannas. Carabids play important roles in biotic communities and are known as a good indictor group of environmental change. Carabid species activity-abundance and diversity were estimated, and environmental measurements were taken at four transects at each of six study sites in 1999 and 2000. Data on carabid trap captures were analyzed at both the species and functional group level. We found that species belonging to specialist predator and omnivore functional groups were more abundant on transects at invaded sites, whereas generalist predator species were more abundant within native sites. Carabid species richness was similar between invaded and native sites; however, evenness was greater at invaded compared to native sites. Greater species evenness in invaded versus native sites was primarily due to an increase in activity-abundance of species in the omnivore and specialist predator functional groups and a decrease in activity-abundance of dominant species belonging to the generalist predator functional group. Our results suggest that spotted knapweed invasion results in an alteration of carabid community structure and leads to the homogenization of carabid assemblages in Rocky Mountain savannas. Biotic homogenization, the increase in taxonomic similarity of once-diverse communities, is often a direct outcome of exotic invasions and an important concern currently facing biodiversity conservation. C1 [Hansen, Allison K.; Six, Diana L.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Ortega, Yvette K.] USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Hansen, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM allison.hansen@email.ucr.edu FU Rocky Mountain Research Station; Bitter-root Ecosystem Management Research Project FX George E. Ball provided valuable assistance on carabid species identifications. Tom DeLuca, Scott Mills, Doug Emlen, Paul Alaback, and Kerry Metlen offered helpful advice and comments. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor and associate editor of NWS for their critique, helpful comments, and suggestions. This research was funded by Wildlife Ecology Research Unit of the Rocky Mountain Research Station and the Bitter-root Ecosystem Management Research Project. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 83 IS 4 BP 348 EP 360 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508KQ UT WOS:000270930100006 ER PT J AU Zemel, MB Teegarden, D Van Loan, M Schoeller, DA Matkovic, V Lyle, RM Craig, BA AF Zemel, Michael B. Teegarden, Dorothy Van Loan, Marta Schoeller, Dale A. Matkovic, Velimir Lyle, Roseann M. Craig, Bruce A. TI Dairy-Rich Diets Augment Fat Loss on an Energy-Restricted Diet: A Multicenter Trial SO NUTRIENTS LA English DT Article DE calcium; dairy; energy restriction; multi-center; vitamin D AB A 12-week randomized controlled multi-center clinical trial was conducted in 106 overweight and obese adults. Diets were designed to produce a 2,093 kJ/day energy deficit with either low calcium (LC; similar to 600 mg/day), high calcium (HC; similar to 1,400 mg/day), or high dairy (HD; three dairy servings, diet totaling similar to 1,400 mg/day). Ninety-three subjects completed the trial, and 68 met all a priori weekly compliance criteria. Both HC and HD contained comparable levels of calcium, but HC was only similar to 30% as effective as HD in suppressing 1,25-(OH)(2)D and exerted no significant effects on weight loss or body composition compared to LC. In the group that met compliance criteria, HD resulted in similar to two-fold augmentation of fat loss compared to LC and HC (HD: -4.43 +/- 0.53 kg; LC: -2.69 +/- 0.0.53 kg; HC: -2.23 +/- 0.73kg, p < 0.025); assessment of all completers and an intent-to-treat analysis produced similar trends. HD augmentated central (trunk) fat loss (HD: -2.38 +/- 0.30 kg; HC: -1.42 +/- 0.30 kg; LC: -1.36 +/- 0.42 kg, p < 0.05) and waist circumference (HD: -7.65 +/- 0.75 cm; LC: -4.92 +/- 0.74 cm; LC: -4.95 +/- 1.05 cm, p < 0.025). Similar effects were noted among all subjects completing the study and in an intent-to-treat analysis. These data indicate that dairy-rich diets augment weight loss by targeting the fat compartment during energy restriction. C1 [Zemel, Michael B.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Teegarden, Dorothy; Lyle, Roseann M.; Craig, Bruce A.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Van Loan, Marta] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schoeller, Dale A.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Matkovic, Velimir] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Zemel, MB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mzemel@utk.edu; dteegard@purdue.edu; Marta.VanLoan@ars.usda.gov; dschoell@nutrisci.wisc.edu; matkovic.1@osu.edu; rlyle@purdue.edu; bacraig@stat.purdue.edu RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015; Craig, Bruce/D-5797-2017 OI Craig, Bruce/0000-0001-9346-467X FU National Dairy Council (USA) FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Dairy Council (USA). NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6643 J9 NUTRIENTS JI Nutrients PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 83 EP 100 DI 10.3390/nu1010083 PG 18 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA V20KR UT WOS:000208139400007 PM 22253969 ER PT J AU Chung, J Veeramachaneni, S Liu, C Mernitz, H Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Chung, Jayong Veeramachaneni, Sudipta Liu, Chun Mernitz, Heather Russell, Robert M. Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Vitamin E supplementation does not prevent ethanol-reduced hepatic retinoic acid levels in rats SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alcohol intake; Cell proliferation; CYP2E1; Rat; Retinoic acid; Vitamin E ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; HEPATOCYTE PROLIFERATION; CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION; HUMAN CYTOCHROME-P450; LIVER-INJURY; C-JUN; ALCOHOL; METABOLISM; CHLORMETHIAZOLE AB Chronic, excessive ethanol intake can increase retinoic acid (RA) catabolism by inducing cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). Vitamin E (VE) is an antioxidant implicated in CYP2E1 inhibition. In the current study, we hypothesized that VE supplementation inhibits CYP2E1 and decreases RA catabolism, thereby preventing ethanol-induced hepatocyte hyperproliforation. For I month, 4 groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid ethanol (36% of the total energy) diet as follows: either ethanol alone (Alc group) or ethanol in combination with 0.1 mg/kg body weight of all-trans-RA (Alc + RA group), 2 mg/kg body weight of VE (Alc + VE group), or both together (Alc + RA + VE group). Control rats were pair-fed a liquid diet with an isocaloric amount of maltodextrin instead of ethanol. The ethanol-fed groups had 3-fold higher hepatic CYP2E1 levels, 50% lower hepatic RA levels, and significantly increased hepatocyte proliferation when compared with the controls. The ethanol-fed rats given VE had more than 4-fold higher hepatic VE concentrations than the ethanol-fed rats without VE, but this did not prevent ethanol induction of CYP2E1, lower hepatic retinoid levels, or hepatocellular hyperproliferation. Furthermore, VE supplementation could not prevent RA catabolism in liver microsomal fractions of the ethanol-fed rats in vitro. These results show that VE supplementation can neither inhibit ethanol-induced changes in RA catabolism nor prevent ethanol-induced hepatocyte hyperproliferation in the rat liver. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chung, Jayong] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 130701, South Korea. [Chung, Jayong] Kyung Hee Univ, Res Inst Sci Human Life, Seoul 130701, South Korea. [Veeramachaneni, Sudipta; Liu, Chun; Mernitz, Heather; Russell, Robert M.; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chung, J (reprint author), Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 130701, South Korea. EM jchung@khu.ac.kr FU Korean Government [KRF-2008-331-C00307]; National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) [R01AA12628]; US Department of Agriculture FX This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2008-331-C00307) to J.C., and by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) R01AA12628 and US Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 1950-51000-056 to X.D.W. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 9 BP 664 EP 670 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.09.008 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 515QK UT WOS:000271487300008 PM 19854382 ER PT J AU Botero, D Ebbeling, CB Blumberg, JB Ribaya-Mercado, JD Creager, MA Swain, JF Feldman, HA Ludwig, DS AF Botero, Diego Ebbeling, Cara B. Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Ribaya-Mercado, Judy D. Creager, Mark A. Swain, Janis F. Feldman, Henry A. Ludwig, David S. TI Acute Effects of Dietary Glycemic Index on Antioxidant Capacity in a Nutrient-controlled Feeding Study SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BLOOD-PRESSURE; FIBER INTAKE; WEIGHT-LOSS; DASH DIET AB Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between antioxidant capacity and reactive oxygen species, may be an early event in a metabolic cascade elicited by a high glycemic index (GI) diet, ultimately increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. We conducted a feeding study to evaluate the acute effects of low-GI compared with high-GI diets on oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease risk factors. The crossover study comprised two 10-day in-patient admissions to a clinical research center. For the admissions, 12 overweight or obese (BMI: 27-45kg/m(2)) male subjects aged 18-35 years consumed low-GI or high-GI diets controlled for potentially confounding nutrients. On day 7, after an overnight fast and then during a 5-h postprandial period, we assessed total antioxidant capacity (total and perchloric acid (PCA) protein-precipitated plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay) and oxidative stress status (urinary F(2 alpha)-isoprostanes (F(2)IP)). On day 10, we measured cardiovascular disease risk factors. Under fasting conditions, total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher during the low-GI vs. high-GI diet based on total ORAC (11,736 +/- 668 vs. 10,381 +/- 612 mu mol Trolox equivalents/l, P = 0.002) and PCA-ORAC (1,276 +/- 96 vs. 1,210 +/- 96 mu mol Trolox equivalents/l, P = 0.02). Area under the postprandial response curve also differed significantly between the two diets for total ORAC and PCA-ORAC. No diet effects were observed for the other variables. Enhancement in plasma total antioxidant capacity occurs within 1 week on a low-GI diet, before changes in other risk factors, raising the possibility that this phenomenon may mediate, at least in part, the previously reported effects of GI on health. C1 [Botero, Diego; Ebbeling, Cara B.; Feldman, Henry A.; Ludwig, David S.] Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.; Ribaya-Mercado, Judy D.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Creager, Mark A.; Swain, Janis F.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ludwig, DS (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM david.ludwig@childrens.harvard.edu FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) [R01 DK59240]; Charles H. Hood Foundation; New Balance Foundation [M01 RR02635]; National Institutes of Health FX The project described was supported by grant R01 DK59240 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the Charles H. Hood Foundation, the New Balance Foundation, and grant M01 RR02635 from the National Institutes of Health to the General Clinical Research Center at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. We thank the staff of the General Clinical Research Center at Brigham and Women's Hospital for assistance in assessing outcomes and implementing the dietary interventions, Dorota Pawlak and Ashley McCarron for assistance with designing the diets, Matthew Grunert and Jesslyn Furst for assistance with assessing endothelial function, Lenard Lesser for assistance with preliminary work to evaluate the GI of mixed meals, Michael Leidig for assistance with study logistics, Linda Seger-Shippee for assistance with recruitment, and Hope Forbes and Meredith Beard for assistance with data management. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD SEP PY 2009 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1664 EP 1670 DI 10.1038/oby.2009.203 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 490TG UT WOS:000269527200004 PM 19543205 ER PT J AU Xiang, Z Chen, XW Yang, LJ He, YS Jiang, RS Rosenthal, BM Luan, PT Attwood, SW Zuo, YX Zhang, YP Yang, ZQ AF Xiang, Zheng Chen, Xinwen Yang, Lijun He, Yongshu Jiang, Runsheng Rosenthal, Benjamin M. Luan, Pengtao Attwood, S. W. Zuo, Yangxian Zhang, Ya-ping Yang, Zhaoqing TI Non-invasive methods for identifying oocysts of Sarcocystis spp. from definitive hosts SO PARASITOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis; Oocysts; Faeces; Taxonomy; 18S rRNA; Diagnostics ID BUFFALO BUBALUS-BUBALIS; OPOSSUMS DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; WATER-BUFFALO; RFLP ANALYSIS; NEURONA; IDENTIFICATION; SPOROCYSTS; CATTLE; CRUZI AB Because the excreted sporocysts and/or oocysts of various species of Sarcocystis may not be discriminated morphologically, we sought to validate a diagnostic technique based on variation in the 18S rDNA sequence. Oocysts and/or sporocysts; from three taxa of Sarcocystis were collected from human, feline, and canine definitive hosts that had fed upon meats infected with the muscle cysts of Sarcocystis hominis, Sarcocystis fusiformis and a species of Sarcocystis from water buffalo that could not be distinguished from Sarcocystis cruzi. Using a new collection method employing filter paper, these excreted oocysts and sporocysts were subjected to DNA extraction, as were the corresponding muscle cysts. Methods employing PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing of a partial 18S rDNA gene (ssrRNA) sequence were then used to successfully distinguish among the three taxa. The same, unique restriction digestion pattern characterizes the tissue cysts and oocysts and/or sporocysts of each parasite taxon. The technique makes possible amplification and identification of species specific gene sequences based on DNA extracted from as few as 7 excreted sporocysts (the equivalent of 3 and 1/2 oocysts) from freshly prepared material, or as few as 50 sporocysts from feces samples that had been stored in potassium dichromate (K(2)Cr(2)O(7)) for as long as 6 years. This represents the first report using molecular diagnostic procedures to diagnose oocysts of Sarcocystis in faecal samples, describing a valuable new tool for studying the epidemiology of various Sarcocystis species. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xiang, Zheng; Luan, Pengtao; Zhang, Ya-ping] Yunnan Univ, Lab Conservat & Utilizat Bioresource, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China. [Xiang, Zheng; Yang, Lijun; He, Yongshu; Yang, Zhaoqing] Kunming Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xinwen; Zuo, Yangxian] Yunnan Univ, Dept Biol, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Runsheng] Kunming Med Coll, Inst Hlth Sci, Div Hlth Social Sci, Kunming 650031, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Rosenthal, Benjamin M.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Attwood, S. W.] Sichuan Univ, W China Med Sch, W China Hosp, State Key Lab Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Ya-ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Zool, State Key Lab Genet Resource & Evolut, Kunming 650223, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, YP (reprint author), Yunnan Univ, Lab Conservat & Utilizat Bioresource, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China. EM zhaoqingy@yahoo.com RI Attwood, Stephen/B-1685-2010; OI Attwood, Stephen/0000-0003-1717-1677; Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 FU The National Natural Science Foundation of China [30560022, 30621092]; The Foundation of Kunming Medical College for Science and Advanced Academic Teacher; Wellcome Trust [068706] FX This study was funded by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 30560022, 30621092), and The Foundation of Kunming Medical College for Science and Advanced Academic Teacher. Dr S W Attwood was supported by Wellcome Trust Project Grant (no. 068706). NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1383-5769 J9 PARASITOL INT JI Parasitol. Int. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 58 IS 3 BP 293 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.parint.2009.03.004 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 482VO UT WOS:000268917800016 PM 19336258 ER PT J AU Jia, BT Liu, YJ Zhu, YC Liu, XG Gao, CF Shen, JL AF Jia, Biantao Liu, Yongjie Zhu, Yu Cheng Liu, Xugan Gao, Congfen Shen, Jinliang TI Inheritance, fitness cost and mechanism of resistance to tebufenozide in Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua; tebufenozide; resistance inheritance; fitness ID NONSTEROIDAL ECDYSTEROID AGONISTS; BEET ARMYWORM; RH-5992; TOXICITY; RH-5849; METHOXYFENOZIDE; INSECTICIDES; COLEOPTERA AB BACKGROUND: Tebufenozide has been used as a key insecticide for controlling beet armyworm, Spodoptero exigua (Hubner). To evaluate the risk of resistance evolution and to develop a better resistance management strategy, a field-collected population was selected with tebufenozide in the laboratory. Thereafter, the inheritance and fitness cost of tebufenozide resistance in S. exigua were investigated. RESULTS: After being selected with tebufenozide for 61 generations, S. exigua developed a 92-fold resistance to the chemical. The degrees of dominance for the reciprocal cross progeny were -0.2698 and -0.2785. The resistant strain had a relative fitness of 0.71, with substantially lower rates of larval survival, pupal weight, pupation and oviposition per female, and prolonged larval and pupal duration. PBO significantly increased the toxicity of tebufenozide (SR = 2) against resistant insects, and DEM and DEF also showed synergism with tebufenozide. CONCLUSION: Tebufenozide resistance in S. exigua was inherited as autosomal, incompletely recessive and controlled by more than one gene. Development of the resistance may cost significant fitness for the resistant population. Mixed-function oxidases might play an important role in tebufenozide resistance in S. exigua. This study provided valuable information for further understanding tebufenozide resistance and for facilitating the development of resistance management strategies. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Zhu, Yu Cheng] USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Jia, Biantao] Shanxi Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Taigu 030601, Shanxi, Peoples R China. [Jia, Biantao; Liu, Xugan; Gao, Congfen; Shen, Jinliang] Nanjing Agr Univ, Key Lab Monitoring & Management Plant Dis & Insec, Minist Agr, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yongjie] Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, JWDSRC, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yc.zhu@ars.usda.gov; jlshen@njau.edu.cn FU Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, IPP, Beijing, China FX The authors are grateful to Dr Susan Li and Sandy West (USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS) and Dr Fanrong Zeng (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, IPP, Beijing, China) for valuable suggestions and critical review of the early version of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 65 IS 9 BP 996 EP 1002 DI 10.1002/ps.1785 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 491NX UT WOS:000269587000010 PM 19459181 ER PT J AU Lydon, J Casale, JF Kong, H Sullivan, JH Daughtry, CST Bailey, B AF Lydon, John Casale, John F. Kong, Hyesuk Sullivan, Joseph H. Daughtry, Craig S. T. Bailey, Bryan TI The Effects of Ambient Solar UV Radiation on Alkaloid Production by Erythroxylum novogranatense var. novogranatense SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; COCAINE CONTENT; SOUTH-AMERICAN; CELL-WALLS; ACIDS; CINNAMOYLCOCAINE; ILLICIT; LEAVES; PLANTS AB Truxillines are alkaloids produced by Erythroxylum species and are thought to be derived from the UV-driven dimerization of cinnamoylcocaines. This study was conducted to determine the effects of ambient UV radiation on the production of truxillines in Erythroxylum novogranatense var. novogranatense. Field plants were grown under shelters covered with plastic filters that were transparent to UV radiation, filtered UV-B, or both filtered UV-B and UV-A radiation. The treatments had no significant effect on plant biomass or specific leaf weight. Absorption values in the UV-C and UV-A region of acidified-methanol leaf extracts were higher for plants exposed to UV radiation compared to the no UV radiation treatment. There was a trend in decreasing levels of trans-cinnamoylcocaine and a statistically significant decrease in levels of cis-cinnamoylcocaine in the leaves of plants exposed to UV radiation compared to the no UV radiation treatment. Truxilline levels increased in leaves from plants exposed to UV radiation compared to the no UV radiation treatment. Most significantly, the ratio of truxillines to total cinnamoylcocaines in the leaves was affected by UV, increasing with increased UV exposure. The results support the hypothesis that UV radiation is involved in the formation of truxillines from cinnamoylcocaines. C1 [Lydon, John; Kong, Hyesuk] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Casale, John F.] Drug Enforcement Adm, US Dept Justice, Special Testing & Res Lab, Dulles, VA USA. [Sullivan, Joseph H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Daughtry, Craig S. T.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bailey, Bryan] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lydon, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.lydon@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1156 EP 1161 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00562.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 489YT UT WOS:000269463700014 PM 19453388 ER PT J AU Schaetzl, RJ Krist, FJ Stanley, K Hupy, CM AF Schaetzl, Randall J. Krist, Frank J., Jr. Stanley, Kristine Hupy, Christina M. TI THE NATURAL SOIL DRAINAGE INDEX: AN ORDINAL ESTIMATE OF LONG-TERM SOIL WETNESS SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE soil wetness; modeling; GIS; landscape scale; forest ecology ID TEMPERATE FOREST SOILS; REGIONAL-SCALE; BARAGA COUNTY; PINE FORESTS; COLOR INDEX; USA; VEGETATION; MOISTURE; MICHIGAN; PREDICTION AB Many important geomorphic and ecological attributes center on soil water content, especially over long timescales. In this paper we present an ordinally based index, intended to generally reflect the amount of water that a soil supplies to plants under natural conditions, over long timescales. The Natural Soil Drainage Index (DI) ranges from 0 for the driest soils (e. g., those shallow to bedrock in a desert) to 99 (open water). The DI is primarily derived from a soil's taxonomic subgroup classification, which is a reflection of its long-term wetness. Because the DI assumes that soils in drier climates and with deeper water tables have less plant-useable water, taxonomic indicators such as soil moisture regime and natural drainage class figure prominently in the "base" DI formulation. Additional factors that can impact soil water content, quality, and/or availability (e. g., texture), when also reflected in taxonomy, are quantified and added to or subtracted from the base DI to arrive at a final DI value. In GIS applications, map unit slope gradient can be added as an additional variable. The index has myriad applications in forestry, ecology, geomorphology, and environmental modeling, especially when examined spatially; we provide some examples in this paper. The DI has great potential for many landscape-scale modeling and GIS applications where soil water content is an important variable. DI values for all soils currently classified by the NRCS can be accessed from pull-down menus on the DI web site: http://www.drainageindex.msu.edu/ C1 [Schaetzl, Randall J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Krist, Frank J., Jr.] USDA Forest Serv, GIS & Spatial Anal, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Stanley, Kristine] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hupy, Christina M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. RP Schaetzl, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, 128 Geog Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 80 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-3646 EI 1930-0557 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 30 IS 5 BP 383 EP 409 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.30.5.383 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 515LZ UT WOS:000271473900001 ER PT J AU Rinehart, JP Yocum, GD Chirumamilla-Chapara, A Boetel, MA AF Rinehart, Joseph P. Yocum, George D. Chirumamilla-Chapara, Anitha Boetel, Mark A. TI Supercooling point plasticity during cold storage in the freeze-tolerant sugarbeet root maggot Tetanops myopaeformis SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cold storage; diapause; overwintering; sugarbeet root maggot; supercooling; Tetanops myopaeformis ID INSECTS; OTITIDAE; DIPTERA; DIAPAUSE; SURVIVAL AB The sugarbeet root maggot Tetanops myopaeformis (Roder) overwinters as a freeze-tolerant third-instar larva. Although most larvae are considered to overwinter for only 1 year, some may exhibit prolonged diapause in the field. In the laboratory, they can live for over 5 years using a combination of diapause and post-diapause quiescence. In the present study, the cold survival strategies of these larvae during storage is investigated by measuring their supercooling points in combination with survival data. Supercooling points (SCPs) change significantly during storage, highlighted by a marked increase in the range of SCPs recorded, although the ability to tolerate freezing is not affected. Additionally, a freezing event 're-focuses' the SCPs of aged larvae to levels similar to those seen at diapause initiation. This change in SCPs is dependant not only on the initial freezing event, but also on the parameters of the incubation period between freezing events. Finally, the temperatures of larval overwintering microhabitats are monitored during the 2007-2008 boreal winter. The results indicate that, although overwintering larva are physiologically freeze-tolerant, they may essentially be freeze avoidant during overwintering via microhabitat selection. C1 [Rinehart, Joseph P.; Yocum, George D.] ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Chirumamilla-Chapara, Anitha; Boetel, Mark A.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Rinehart, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM joseph.rinehart@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0307-6962 J9 PHYSIOL ENTOMOL JI Physiol. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2009.00678.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 484PL UT WOS:000269058600004 ER PT J AU Lucero, M Estell, R Tellez, M Fredrickson, E AF Lucero, Mary Estell, Rick Tellez, Maria Fredrickson, Ed TI A Retention Index Calculator Simplifies Identification of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Kovats index; gas chromatography; Koberlinia spinosa; essential oil ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; STEAM DISTILLATION; ESSENTIAL OIL AB Introduction - Plant volatiles (PVOCs) are important targets for studies in natural products, chemotaxonomy and biochemical ecology. The complexity of PVOC profiles often limits research to studies targeting only easily identified compounds. With the availability of mass spectral libraries and recent growth of retention index (RI) libraries, PVOC identification can be achieved using only gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS). However, RI library searching is not typically automated, and until recently, RI libraries were both limited in scope and costly to obtain. Objective - To automate RI calculation and lookup functions commonly utilised in PVOC analysis. Methodology - Formulae required for calculating retention indices from retention time data were placed in a spreadsheet along with lookup functions and a retention index library. Retention times obtained from GCMS analysis of alkane standards and Koeberlinia spinosa essential oil were entered into the spreadsheet to determine retention indices. Indices were used in combination with mass spectral analysis to identify compounds contained in Koeberlinia spinosa essential oil. Results - Eighteen compounds were positively identified. Total oil yield was low, with only 5 ppm in purple berries. The most abundant compounds were octen-3-ol and methyl salicylate. The spreadsheet accurately calculated RIs of the detected compounds. Conclusion - The downloadable spreadsheet tool developed for this study provides a calculator and RI library that works in conjuction with GCMS or other analytical techniques to identify PVOCs in plant extracts. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lucero, Mary; Estell, Rick; Fredrickson, Ed] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Tellez, Maria] Inter Sci Inst, Inglewood, CA 90302 USA. RP Lucero, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2995 Knox St Las Cruces, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM malucero@nmsu.edu NR 18 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 20 IS 5 BP 378 EP 384 DI 10.1002/pca.1137 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 491IU UT WOS:000269572900004 PM 19533596 ER PT J AU Romanazzi, G Gabler, FM Margosan, D Mackey, BE Smilanick, JL AF Romanazzi, Gianfranco Gabler, Franka Mlikota Margosan, Dennis Mackey, Bruce E. Smilanick, Joseph L. TI Effect of Chitosan Dissolved in Different Acids on Its Ability to Control Postharvest Gray Mold of Table Grape SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; oxygen; Vitis vinifera ID BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; PREHARVEST CHITOSAN; FRESH STRAWBERRIES; STORAGE; FRUIT; QUALITY; RESISTANCE; DECAY; DISEASES; DEFENSE AB Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that must be dissolved in an acid solution to activate its antimicrobial and eliciting properties. Among 15 acids tested, chitosan dissolved in 1% solutions of acetic, L-ascorbic, formic, L-glutamic, hydrochloric, lactic, maleic, malic, phosphorous, and succinic acid. To control gray mold, table grape berries were immersed for 10 s in these chitosan solutions that had been adjusted to pH 5.6. The reduction in decay among single berries of several cultivars (Thompson Seedless, Autumn Seedless, and grape selection B36-55) inoculated with Botrytis cinerea at 1 x 10(5) conidia/ml before or after immersion in chitosan acetate or formate, followed by storage at 15 C for 10 days, was approximate to 70%. The acids alone at pH 5.6 did not control gray mold. Decay among clusters of two cultivars (Thompson Seedless and Crimson Seedless) inoculated before treatment was reduced approximate to 60% after immersion in chitosan lactate or chitosan acetate followed by storage for 60 days at 0.5 degrees C. The viscosity of solutions was 1.9 centipoises (cp) (ascorbate) to 306.4 cp (maleicate) and the thickness of chitosan coating on berries was 4.4 mu m (acetate) to 15.4 mu m (ascorbate), neither of which was correlated with solution effectiveness. Chitosan acetate was the most effective treatment which effectively reduced gray mold at cold and ambient storage temperatures, decreased CO(2) and O(2) exchange, and did not injure the grape berries. C1 [Romanazzi, Gianfranco] Marche Polytech Univ, Dept Environm & Crop Sci, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. [Gabler, Franka Mlikota] Inst Adriat Crops, Split 21000, Croatia. [Margosan, Dennis; Smilanick, Joseph L.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Mackey, Bruce E.] USDA ARS, Biometr Serv, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Romanazzi, G (reprint author), Marche Polytech Univ, Dept Environm & Crop Sci, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. EM g.romanazzi@univpm.it RI Romanazzi, Gianfranco/C-8981-2012 FU USDA-ARS; San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA; Italian National Research Council [203.22] FX Most of the experiments were conducted at the USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, while trials on grape cv. Italia were carried out at Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy. A portion of this work was funded by an Italian National Research Council (CNR) fellowship program (Bando n. 203.22). We thank M. Santini for collaboration in the trials carried out on table grape cv. Italia and D. Obenland and S. Roller for reviewing this manuscript. NR 45 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1028 EP 1036 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-9-1028 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 482HX UT WOS:000268876800003 PM 19671004 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Browning, M Kyde, KL Berner, D AF Tooley, Paul W. Browning, Marsha Kyde, Kerrie L. Berner, Dana TI Effect of Temperature and Moisture Period on Infection of Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White' by Phytophthora ramorum SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infectivity ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; WETNESS DURATION; CLONAL LINEAGES; PATHOGEN; CALIFORNIA; SPORULATION; GROWTH; ESTABLISHMENT; POPULATIONS; INFESTANS AB We investigated the temperature and moisture conditions that allow Phytophthora ramorum to infect Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White'. Most experiments were performed with a single P. ramorum isolate from the NA1 clonal lineage. For whole plants incubated in dew chambers at 10 to 31 degrees C, the greatest proportion of diseased leaves, 77.5%, occurred at the optimum temperature of 20.5 degrees C. Disease occurred over the entire range of temperatures tested, although amounts of disease were minor at the temperature extremes. For whole plants exposed to varying dew periods at 20 degrees C and then incubated at 20 degrees C for 7 days, a dew period as short as 1 h resulted in a small amount of disease; however, at least 4 h of dew were required for > 10% of the leaves to become diseased. Moisture periods of 24 and 48 h resulted in the greatest number of diseased leaves. In detached-leaf, temperature-gradient-plate experiments, incubation at 22 degrees C resulted in the greatest disease severity, followed by 18 degrees C and then 14 degrees C. In detached-leaf, moisture-tent experiments, a 1-h moisture period was sufficient to cause disease on 67 to 73% of leaves incubated for 7 days at 20 degrees C. A statistical model for disease development that combined the effects of temperature and moisture period was generated using nonlinear regression. Our results define temperature and moisture conditions which allow infection by P. ramorum on Cunningham's White rhododendron, and show that P. ramorum is able to infect this host over a wide range of temperatures and moisture levels. The results indicate that P. ramorum has the potential to become established in parts of the United States that are outside its current range. C1 [Tooley, Paul W.; Browning, Marsha; Kyde, Kerrie L.; Berner, Dana] USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM paul.tooley@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1045 EP 1052 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-9-1045 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 482HX UT WOS:000268876800005 PM 19671006 ER PT J AU Jovic, J Cvrkovic, T Mitrovic, M Krnjajic, S Petrovic, A Redinbaugh, MG Pratt, RC Hogenhout, SA Tosevski, I AF Jovic, J. Cvrkovic, T. Mitrovic, M. Krnjajic, S. Petrovic, A. Redinbaugh, M. G. Pratt, R. C. Hogenhout, S. A. Tosevski, I. TI Stolbur Phytoplasma Transmission to Maize by Reptalus panzeri and the Disease Cycle of Maize Redness in Serbia SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiological cycle; hemipteran vectors; Mollicutes; Zea mays ID GRAPEVINE YELLOWS; HYALESTHES-OBSOLETUS; TRANSOVARIAL TRANSMISSION; FLAVESCENCE DOREE; INSECT VECTORS; FRANCE; HEMIPTERA; CIXIIDAE; AUCHENORRHYNCHA; LEAFHOPPER AB Maize redness (MR), induced by stolbur phytoplasma ('Candidatus Phytoplasma solani', subgroup 16SrXII-A), is characterized by midrib, leaf, and stalk reddening and abnormal ear development. MR has been reported from Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria for 50 years, and recent epiphytotics reduced yields by 40 to 90% in South Banat District, Serbia. Potential vectors including leafhoppers and planthoppers in the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha, were surveyed in MR-affected and low-MR-incidence fields, and 33 different species were identified. Only Reptalus panzeri populations displayed characteristics of a major MR vector. More R. panzeri individuals were present in MR-affected versus low-MR fields, higher populations were observed in maize plots than in field border areas, and peak population levels preceded the appearance of MR in late July. Stolbur phytoplasma was detected in 17% of R. panzeri adults using nested polymerase chain reaction but not in any other insects tested. Higher populations of R. panzeri nymphs were found on maize, Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots. Stolbur phytoplasma was detected in roots of these three plant species, as well as in R. panzeri L(3) and L(5) nymphs. When stolbur phytoplasma-infected R. panzeri L(3) nymphs were introduced into insect-free mesh cages containing healthy maize and wheat plants, 89 and 7%, respectively, became infected. These results suggest that the MR disease cycle in South Banat involves mid-July transmission of stolbur phytoplasma to maize by infected adult R. panzeri. The adult R. panzeri lay eggs on infected maize roots, and nymphs living on these roots acquire the phytoplasma from infected maize. The nymphs overwinter on the roots of wheat planted into maize fields in the autumn, allowing emergence of phytoplasma-infected vectors the following July. C1 [Redinbaugh, M. G.] USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Redinbaugh, M. G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Jovic, J.; Cvrkovic, T.; Mitrovic, M.; Krnjajic, S.; Petrovic, A.] Inst Plant Protect & Environm, Dept Plant Pests, Zemun 11080, Serbia. [Pratt, R. C.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Hogenhout, S. A.] John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Dept Dis & Stress Biol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Tosevski, I.] CABI Europe Switzerland, CH-2800 Delemont, Switzerland. RP Redinbaugh, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM peg.redinbaugh@ars.usda.gov RI Hogenhout, Saskia/D-9266-2012; Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013; OI Jovic, Jelena/0000-0002-7623-0553; Cvrkovic, Tatjana/0000-0001-5108-2323; Tosevski, Ivo/0000-0002-3666-3151 FU Serbian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management [401-00-16422/200711/36-4]; United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agriculture Service [58-3148-4-086]; Ohio State University Research Foundation; John Innes Centre; Gatsby Charitable Foundation; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council FX We thank R. Radulovic, Lj. Drpic, and S. Tukelic for technical assistance. This research was supported by Serbian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management grant 401-00-16422/200711/36-4 and United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agriculture Service grant 58-3148-4-086 to the Ohio State University Research Foundation. Salaries and research support were also provided by state and federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University. S. A. Hogenhout is supported by The John Innes Centre and the Gatsby Charitable Foundation. The John Innes Centre is grant aided by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. Approved for publication as Journal Article no. HCS09-09. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1053 EP 1061 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-9-1053 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 482HX UT WOS:000268876800006 PM 19671007 ER PT J AU Norman, DJ Zapata, M Gabriel, DW Duan, YP Yuen, JMF Mangravita-Novo, A Donahoo, RS AF Norman, David J. Zapata, Mildred Gabriel, Dean W. Duan, Y. P. Yuen, Jeanne M. F. Mangravita-Novo, Arianna Donahoo, Ryan S. TI Genetic Diversity and Host Range Variation of Ralstonia solanacearum Strains Entering North America SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial wilt; FAME ID PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; BACTERIAL WILT; RACE 1; BIOVAR-2; GERANIUM; AFLP; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; XANTHOMONAS; SEQUENCES AB Each year, large volumes of ornamental and food plant propagative stock are imported into the North America; occasionally, Ralstonia solanacearum is found systemically infecting this plant material. In this study, 107 new R. solanacearum strains were collected over a 10-year period from imported propagative stock and compared with 32 previously characterized R. solanacearum strains using repetitive polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) element (BOX, ERIC, and REP) primers. Additional strain comparisons were made by sequencing the endoglucanase and the cytochrome b561 genes. Using rep-PCR primers, populations could be distinguished by biovar and, to a limited extent, country of origin and original host. Similarity coefficients among rep-PCR clusters within biovars were relatively low in many cases, indicating that disease outbreaks over time may have been caused by different clonal populations. Similar population differentiations of R. solanacearum were obtained when comparing strain sequences using either the endoglucanase or cytochrome b561 genes. We found that most of the new biovar 1 strains of R. solanacearum entering the United States were genetically distinct from the biovar 1 strains currently found infecting vegetable production. These introduced biovar 1 strains also had a broader host range and could infect not only tomato, tobacco, and potato but also anthurium and pothos and cause symptoms on banana. All introductions into North America of race 3, biovar 2 strains in the last few years have been linked to geranium production and appeared to be clonal. C1 [Norman, David J.; Yuen, Jeanne M. F.; Mangravita-Novo, Arianna] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, IFAS, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. [Zapata, Mildred] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crop Protect, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Gabriel, Dean W.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Duan, Y. P.] USDA ARS, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Donahoo, Ryan S.] USDA ARS, USVL, Charleston, SC USA. RP Norman, DJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, IFAS, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, 2725 Bin Rd, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. EM djn@ufl.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture Floral Industry Task Force Specific Cooperative Agreement; Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation; University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences FX This research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture Floral Industry Task Force Specific Cooperative Agreement, The Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation, and the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1070 EP 1077 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-9-1070 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 482HX UT WOS:000268876800008 PM 19671009 ER PT J AU Liu, G Jia, Y Correa-Victoria, FJ Prado, GA Yeater, KM McClung, A Correll, JC AF Liu, G. Jia, Y. Correa-Victoria, F. J. Prado, G. A. Yeater, K. M. McClung, A. Correll, J. C. TI Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Responsible for Resistance to Sheath Blight in Rice SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inoculation method; Oryza sativa ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; JASMINE 85; DISEASE; QTLS; YIELD; QUANTIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTS; REGISTRATION; INOCULATION AB Rice sheath blight (ShB), caused by the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, annually causes severe losses in yield and quality in many rice production areas worldwide. Jasmine 85 is an indica cultivar that has proven to have a high level of resistance to this pathogen. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of controlled environment inoculation assays to detect ShB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a cross derived from the susceptible cv. Lemont and the resistant cv. Jasmine 85. The disease reactions of 250 F(5) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were measured on the seedlings inoculated using microchamber and mist-chamber assays under greenhouse conditions. In total, 10 ShB-QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 9 using these two methods. The microchamber method identified four of five new ShB-QTLs, one on each of chromosomes 1, 3, 5, and 6. Both microchamber and mist-chamber methods identified two ShB-QTLs, qShB1 and qShB9-2. Four of the ShB-QTLs or ShB-QTL regions identified on chromosomes 2, 3, and 9 were previously reported in the literature. The major ShB-QTL qShB9-2, which cosegregated with simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker RM245 on chromosome 9, contributed to 24.3 and 27.2% of total phenotypic variation in ShB using microchamber and mist-chamber assays, respectively. qShB9-2, a plant-stage-independent QTL, was also verified in nine haplotypes of 10 resistant Lemont/Jasmine 85 RILs using haplotype analysis. These results suggest that multiple ShB-QTLs are involved in ShB resistance and that microchamber and mist-chamber methods are effective for detecting plant-stage-independent QTLs. Furthermore, two SSR markers, RM215 and RM245, are robust markers and can be used in marker-assisted breeding programs to improve ShB resistance. C1 [Jia, Y.; McClung, A.] USDA ARS, DBNRRC, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Liu, G.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Correa-Victoria, F. J.; Prado, G. A.] Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali 6713, Colombia. [Yeater, K. M.] USDA ARS, SPA, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Correll, J. C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72201 USA. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, DBNRRC, 2890 Hwy 130E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM Yulin.Jia@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research; USDA/CSREES [2004-35317-14867] FX This work was supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service -National Research Initiative-Applied Plant Genomics Program entitled "RiceCAP: a coordinated research, education, and extension project for the application of genomic discoveries to improve rice in the United States" (USDA/CSREES grant 2004-35317-14867). We thank M. H. Jia for assistance in genotyping; G. Aricapa and L. Rosero for assistance in greenhouse evaluation of ShB resistance; S. Savary and L. Savary, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines, for critical reading of the manuscript; and J N. Rutger for his encouragement and support on this research. NR 40 TC 49 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1078 EP 1084 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-9-1078 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 482HX UT WOS:000268876800009 PM 19671010 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Mojtahedi, H Zhang, LH Riga, E AF Brown, C. R. Mojtahedi, H. Zhang, L. -H. Riga, E. TI Independent Resistant Reactions Expressed in Root and Tuber of Potato Breeding Lines with Introgressed Resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Columbia root-knot nematode ID KNOT NEMATODE; SOLANUM-BULBOCASTANUM; POPULATION; ALFALFA; RACE-2; HAPLA AB Resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi was introgressed from Solanum bulbocastanum into the cultivated gene pool of potato. A single dominant gene is responsible for resistance to race 1 reproduction on the root system. An additional form of resistance was discovered in certain advanced backcross clones. A BC(5) clone, PA99N82-4, resisted invasion of tubers by available nematode juveniles whether supplied by weeds or challenged by several root resistance-breaking pathotypes. This tuber resistance is inherited as a single dominant gene and is linked to R(Mc1(blb)). Because this gene has been mapped to chromosome 11, tuber resistance genetic factors are inferred to be on the same chromosome in coupling phase. Among 153 progeny derived from crosses with PA99N82-4, 42 recombinants, comprising both resistant root/susceptible tuber and susceptible root/resistant tubers, were found while other progeny were doubly resistant (like PA99N82-4) or doubly susceptible. Therefore, the existence of two linked genetic factors controlling independently expressed traits is confirmed. The combination of the two phenotypes is likely to be a sufficient level of resistance to avoid tuber damage from circumstances that provide exogenous juveniles proximal to the tubers in the soil. These factors are weed hosts of M. chitwoodi host races and pathotypes of M. chitwoodi that overcome R(Mc1(blb)). Under field conditions, where a resistance-breaking pathotype of M. chitwoodi was present, tuber-resistant PA99N82-4 breeding line produced tubers which were commercially acceptable and not culled. A related breeding line, root resistant but tuber susceptible, and Russet Burbank were severely tuber damaged and commercially unacceptable. C1 [Brown, C. R.; Mojtahedi, H.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Zhang, L. -H.; Riga, E.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM chuck.brown@ars.usda.gov OI Zhang, Linhai/0000-0003-1009-6870 FU College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Agricultural Research Center [0542]; Department of Plant Pathology and IAREC WSU-Prosser [WNP00542]; Washington State University, Pullman; National Science Foundation and the Washington State Potato Commission FX E. Riga is supported by the College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Agricultural Research Center, PPNS no. 0542, Department of Plant Pathology and IAREC WSU-Prosser, project no. WNP00542, Washington State University, Pullman. We acknowledge grant support from the National Science Foundation and the Washington State Potato Commission. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2009 VL 99 IS 9 BP 1085 EP 1089 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-9-1085 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 482HX UT WOS:000268876800010 PM 19671011 ER PT J AU Thompson, BE Bartling, L Whipple, C Hall, DH Sakai, H Schmidt, R Hake, S AF Thompson, Beth E. Bartling, Linnea Whipple, Clint Hall, Darren H. Sakai, Hajime Schmidt, Robert Hake, Sarah TI bearded-ear Encodes a MADS Box Transcription Factor Critical for Maize Floral Development SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; MERISTEM IDENTITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ORGAN IDENTITY; ZEA-MAYS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; HORMONAL-CONTROL; OVULE IDENTITY; ORYZA-SATIVA AB Although many genes that regulate floral development have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, relatively few are known in the grasses. In normal maize (Zea mays), each spikelet produces an upper and lower floral meristem, which initiate floral organs in a defined phyllotaxy before being consumed in the production of an ovule. The bearded-ear (bde) mutation affects floral development differently in the upper and lower meristem. The upper floral meristem initiates extra floral organs that are often mosaic or fused, while the lower floral meristem initiates additional floral meristems. We cloned bde by positional cloning and found that it encodes zea agamous3 (zag3), a MADS box transcription factor in the conserved AGAMOUS-LIKE6 clade. Mutants in the maize homolog of AGAMOUS, zag1, have a subset of bde floral defects. bde zag1 double mutants have a severe ear phenotype, not observed in either single mutant, in which floral meristems are converted to branch-like meristems, indicating that bde and zag1 redundantly promote floral meristem identity. In addition, BDE and ZAG1 physically interact. We propose a model in which BDE functions in at least three distinct complexes to regulate floral development in the maize ear. C1 [Thompson, Beth E.; Bartling, Linnea; Hake, Sarah] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Thompson, Beth E.; Bartling, Linnea; Hake, Sarah] Univ Calif Berkeley, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Whipple, Clint; Hall, Darren H.; Schmidt, Robert] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Sect Cell & Dev Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sakai, Hajime] Dupont Crop Genet, Expt Stn E353, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM maizesh@nature.berkeley.edu RI Whipple, Clinton/C-3972-2016; OI Whipple, Clinton/0000-0001-7879-235X; Thompson, Beth/0000-0002-5358-0796 FU National Science Foundation [0604923]; National Institutes of Health-National Research Service Award [F32GM082002] FX We thank members of the Hake lab for helpful discussions and technical advice. Nathalie Bolduc, China Lunde, and Renata Reinheimer gave helpful comments on the manuscript. Nathalie Bolduc provided gapdh primers and technical assistance for quantitative PCR, Mily Ron and Helena Pires provided technical assistance with bombarding, and Bryan Thines provided technical assistance with yeast two-hybrid experiments. We thank David Hantz and Julie Calfas for plant care in the greenhouse, Stan Gelvin for the BiFC vectors, and Ian Small for the pRecA-RFP plasmid. We thank De Wood for use of the scanning electron microscope at Western Region Research Center. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant 0604923 to S. H. and R. S. and National Institutes of Health-National Research Service Award postdoctoral fellowship F32GM082002 to B. E. T. NR 55 TC 51 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD SEP PY 2009 VL 21 IS 9 BP 2578 EP 2590 DI 10.1105/tpc.109.067751 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 512SP UT WOS:000271271200009 PM 19749152 ER PT J AU Wubben, MJ Callahan, FE Triplett, BA Jenkins, JN AF Wubben, Martin J. Callahan, Franklin E. Triplett, Barbara A. Jenkins, Johnie N. TI Phenotypic and molecular evaluation of cotton hairy roots as a model system for studying nematode resistance SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Cotton; Hairy roots; Root-knot nematode; Reniform nematode; Plant defense; Resistance ID SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE; RHIZOGENES-TRANSFORMED ROOTS; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; KNOT NEMATODE; AGROBACTERIUM-RHIZOGENES; HETERODERA-SCHACHTII; GENE-EXPRESSION; BETA-VULGARIS; INFECTION AB Agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hairy roots were evaluated as a model system for studying molecular cotton-nematode interactions. Hairy root cultures were developed from the root-knot nematode (RKN) (Meloidogyne incognita [Kofoid and White] Chitwood, race 3)-resistant breeding line M315 and from the reniform nematode (RN) (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira)-resistant accession GB713 (G. barbadense L.) and compared to a nematode-susceptible culture derived from the obsolete cultivar DPL90. M315, GB713, and DPL90 hairy roots differed significantly in their appearance and growth potential; however, these differences were not correlated with transcript levels of the A. rhizogenes T-DNA genes rolB and aux2 which help regulate hairy root initiation and proliferation. DPL90 hairy roots were found to support both RKN and RN reproduction in tissue culture, whereas M315 and GB713 hairy roots were resistant to RKN and RN, respectively. M315 hairy roots showed constitutive up-regulation of the defense gene MIC3 (Meloidogyne Induced Cotton3) compared to M315 whole-plant roots and DPL90 hairy roots. Our data show the potential use of cotton hairy roots in maintaining monoxenic RKN and RN cultures and suggest hairy roots may be useful in evaluating the effect of manipulated host gene expression on nematode resistance in cotton. C1 [Wubben, Martin J.; Callahan, Franklin E.; Jenkins, Johnie N.] ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Triplett, Barbara A.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Wubben, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Martin.Wubben@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD SEP PY 2009 VL 28 IS 9 BP 1399 EP 1409 DI 10.1007/s00299-009-0739-6 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 486OZ UT WOS:000269208100010 PM 19578854 ER PT J AU Kamo, K Joung, HY AF Kamo, Kathryn Joung, Hyang Young TI Long-term gus expression from Gladiolus callus lines containing either a bar-uidA fusion gene or bar and uidA delivered on separate plasmids SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Bulb crops; Floral monocot; Reporter gene ID BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; TRANSGENE EXPRESSION; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; STABLE EXPRESSION; DNA METHYLATION; CELL-LINES; RICE; PLANTS; TRANSFORMATION; TOBACCO AB Gus expression was determined for 19 lines of embryogenic Gladiolus callus that contained the 35S-bar-uidA-nos fusion gene and for 21 callus lines that had been cobombarded with the 35S-bar-nos and 35S-uidA-nos plasmid DNAs. These lines were selected for analysis because they grew vigorously on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 6 mg l(-1) phosphinothricin. All 19 lines that contained the 35S-bar-uidA-nos fusion gene expressed gus compared to only 15 (71%) of the lines that had been cobombarded as determined by enzyme assay. The level of gus expression was significantly higher the first year for 12 callus lines containing the bar-uidA fusion gene as compared to 2 years later in culture. Southern hybridization confirmed integration of the uidA gene in all callus lines that had been bombarded with the 35S-bar-uidA-nos fusion gene. Two of the callus lines that had been cobombarded lacked the uidA gene, and another cobombarded line that did not express gus contained a truncated uidA gene. Two callus lines resulting from cobombardment showed gus expression in only a few cells indicating that gus expression was not completely silenced in these lines. Gus expression could not be reversed using 5-azacytidine in these two low-expressing lines, and Southern hybridization supported that methylation of the genomic DNA had not occurred. Average levels of gus expression were significantly higher, 8.9x , in cells with the 35S-bar-uidA-nos fusion gene compared to the cobombarded callus lines indicating the advantage of using a bar-uidA fusion gene for obtaining higher levels of gus expression in Gladiolus. C1 [Kamo, Kathryn] USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Joung, Hyang Young] Natl Hort Res Inst, Floriculture Res Div, Suwon 441440, South Korea. RP Kamo, K (reprint author), USDA, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 010A Room 126 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Kathryn.Kamo@ars.usda.gov OI Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 98 IS 3 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s11240-009-9558-2 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 482IX UT WOS:000268880500003 ER PT J AU Bae, H Sicher, R Natarajan, S Bailey, B AF Bae, Hanhong Sicher, Richard Natarajan, Savithiry Bailey, Bryan TI In situ expression of trehalose synthesizing genes, TPS1 and TPPB, in Arabidopsis thaliana using the GUS reporter gene SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Trehalose synthesis; Gene expression; Promoter region; Plant development; Molecular signaling ID TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; METABOLISM; PLANTS; GROWTH; TRANSFORMATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION; INHIBITION AB Two transgenic Arabidopsis lines were derived that expressed promoter regions for either AtTPS1 (At1g78580) or AtTPPB (At1g78090) using constructs containing the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. These two genes function in tandem to produce the disaccharide, trehalose, and they likely have important regulatory and signaling functions in higher plants. Both genes were expressed nearly constitutively in Arabidopsis and expression was high in younger tissue and typically diminished with age. Similar expression patterns for both promoters were observed in etiolated and in light grown seedlings. Dense expression of both genes was observed during germination on day 1 but expression was absent from hypocotyls 3 days later. In contrast to AtTPS1, the expression of AtTPPB was concentrated in the root meristem of 7-day old light grown seedlings. The expression of both AtTPS1 and AtTPPB was mainly observed in young, actively dividing tissues, such as the shoot apex, and in flower parts including anthers, pistils, siliques and developing seeds. Expression of both genes also was clearly associated with vascular bundles, the root-hypocotyl junction, the pedicel-silique junction and related structures involved in bulk solute transport. Transcript levels of AtTPS1 and AtTPPB were either repressed or were little affected by exogenous sucrose, glucose, fructose or trehalose when measured by quantitative real-time PCR. However, both trehalose biosynthesis genes were induced two to tenfold by sorbitol, mannitol and NaCl. Responses of AtTPS1 and AtTPPB to the same chemical and stress treatments were not detected by changes in GUS activity. This may be due to the stability of the GUS protein relative to transcript levels. Because AtTPS1 and AtTPPB function in tandem to produce trehalose it was not surprising that the expression of both genes was distributed similarly in Arabidopsis tissues. C1 [Sicher, Richard] Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bae, Hanhong; Sicher, Richard; Natarajan, Savithiry; Bailey, Bryan] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sicher, R (reprint author), Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Room 342,Bldg 001,BARC West,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Richard.Sicher@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 98 IS 3 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1007/s11240-009-9565-3 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 482IX UT WOS:000268880500008 ER PT J AU Frankfater, CR Dowd, MK Triplett, BA AF Frankfater, Cheryl R. Dowd, Michael K. Triplett, Barbara A. TI Effect of elicitors on the production of gossypol and methylated gossypol in cotton hairy roots SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton; Hairy roots; Gossypium; Gossypol; Methyl jasmonate; Salicylic acid ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM L.; CHINENSIS VAR. MAIREI; SALICYLIC-ACID; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; INDUCTION; TERPENOIDS; JASMONATE; BIOSYNTHESIS; BARBADENSE AB The effect of two chemical elicitors, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate, on the production of gossypol, 6-methoxygossypol, and 6,6'-dimethoxygossypol in Gossypium barbadense hairy roots was examined. Methyl jasmonate, but not salicylic acid, was found to increase the production of gossypol and its methylated forms, but with a concomitant reduction in culture growth. The optimal methyl jasmonate dose was between 100 and 300 mu M for hairy roots harvested 7 days after elicitation. After 20 d of induction with 100 mu M methyl jasmonate, an eightfold increase in the level of gossypol was observed in elicited cultures compared with control cultures, double the highest gossypol levels previously reported for any cotton tissue. A two to threefold increase in the level of 6-methoxygossypol and a slight increase in the levels of 6,6'-dimethoxygossypol were also observed. Although methyl jasmonate stimulated the production of both optical forms of gossypol, the distribution of the enantiomers was different between elicited and control cultures. C1 [Frankfater, Cheryl R.; Dowd, Michael K.; Triplett, Barbara A.] Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Dowd, MK (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM michael.dowd@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 98 IS 3 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s11240-009-9568-0 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 482IX UT WOS:000268880500011 ER PT J AU Vaira, AM Hansen, MA Murphy, C Reinsel, MD Hammond, J AF Vaira, A. M. Hansen, M. A. Murphy, C. Reinsel, M. D. Hammond, J. TI First Report of Freesia sneak virus in Freesia sp in Virginia SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID PRIMERS C1 [Vaira, A. M.] CNR, Ist Virol Vegetale, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Vaira, A. M.; Reinsel, M. D.; Hammond, J.] USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hansen, M. A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Murphy, C.] USDA ARS, Electron Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vaira, AM (reprint author), CNR, Ist Virol Vegetale, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RI Vaira, Anna Maria/B-9082-2015 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 93 IS 9 BP 965 EP 965 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-9-0965B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 494GU UT WOS:000269800600025 ER PT J AU Castro, RM Hernandez, E Mora, F Ramirez, P Hammond, RW AF Castro, R. M. Hernandez, E. Mora, F. Ramirez, P. Hammond, R. W. TI First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus in Tomato in Costa Rica SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE C1 [Castro, R. M.; Hernandez, E.; Mora, F.; Ramirez, P.] Univ Costa Rica, CIBCM, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Hammond, R. W.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Castro, RM (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, CIBCM, San Jose, Costa Rica. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 93 IS 9 BP 970 EP 970 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-9-0970A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 494GU UT WOS:000269800600036 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Bottner, KD Sun, M AF Lee, I-M Bottner, K. D. Sun, M. TI An Emerging Potato Purple Top Disease Associated with a New 16SrIII Group Phytoplasma in Montana SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID CLASSIFICATION C1 [Lee, I-M; Bottner, K. D.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sun, M.] Montana State Univ, Potato Lab, Extens Serv, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 93 IS 9 BP 970 EP 970 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-9-0970B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 494GU UT WOS:000269800600037 ER PT J AU Edwards, MC Weiland, JJ AF Edwards, M. C. Weiland, J. J. TI Maize as a New Host for Oat blue dwarf virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Edwards, M. C.; Weiland, J. J.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Edwards, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 93 IS 9 BP 972 EP 972 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-9-0972A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 494GU UT WOS:000269800600042 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Jifon, JL Crosby, KM AF Lester, Gene E. Jifon, John L. Crosby, Kevin M. TI Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Mesocarp Tissue from Divergent Cucumis melo L. Genotypes SO PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Cucurbitaceae; Cantaloupe; Casaba; Honey dew; Muskmelon ID FRUIT SIZE; ANTIOXIDANT; STORAGE; MUSKMELONS; SENESCENCE; CULTIVAR; HONEYDEW; FRESH AB Muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) are well-known as excellent sources of several vitamins, minerals and non-enzymatic antioxidant phytochemicals such as vitamin C and pro-vitamin A. Less well-studied is their potential role as sources of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), which have been associated with enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity in some muskmelon fruits. In this study, we investigated the variability in SOD activities among diverse advanced breeding lines and commercial muskmelon cultivars grown in two different soil types-clay or sandy loam. Specific and total SOD activities varied significantly among the genotypes (P a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.001), compared to soil type (P a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.055). Netted (cantaloupe) genotypes generally had the lowest SOD activities compared to the green- and orange-fleshed honey dew types. Casaba type fruit had average SOD activities that were similar to.6-fold greater than those of honey dew types, and similar to 9.0-fold greater than those of cantaloupe types. These data indicate there is useful genetic diversity among commercial melon varieties and in exotic genotypes that could be used to develop C. melo as a functional food with enhanced SOD content. C1 [Lester, Gene E.] USDA ARS Kika Garza Subtrop, Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Jifon, John L.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res Ctr, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Crosby, Kevin M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS Kika Garza Subtrop, Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 200,2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM gene.lester@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6204-43000-014]; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S.D.A. [2006-34402-17121]; Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Center, Texas AM University FX We wish to thank Marc Villalobos (USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX) and Denise Rossi for technical assistance. This work was funded in part by funds from USDA-ARS CRIS No. 6204-43000-014 to GEL, and a grant from the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S.D.A. under Agreement No. 2006-34402-17121, "Designing Foods for Health" through the Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University to JLJ. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the authors and/or their affiliations. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-9668 J9 PLANT FOOD HUM NUTR JI Plant Food Hum. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 64 IS 3 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s11130-009-0124-1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 485VE UT WOS:000269152100005 PM 19529987 ER PT J AU Jia, XY Wang, WX Ren, LG Chen, QJ Mendu, V Willcut, B Dinkins, R Tang, XQ Tang, GL AF Jia, Xiaoyun Wang, Wang-Xia Ren, Ligang Chen, Qi-Jun Mendu, Venugopal Willcut, Benjamin Dinkins, Randy Tang, Xiaoqing Tang, Guiliang TI Differential and dynamic regulation of miR398 in response to ABA and salt stress in Populus tremula and Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE miRNA; Abiotic stress; Dynamic regulation; ABA; Salt stress ID SMALL RNAS; MICRORNA BIOGENESIS; DOWN-REGULATION; PLANTS; MIRNA; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; INDUCTION; PATHWAY; GENES AB MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs of similar to 22 nucleotides (nt) that play a key role in down regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in plants and animals. Various studies have identified numerous miRNAs that were either up regulated or down regulated upon stress treatment. Here, we sought to understand the temporal regulation of miRNAs in different plant species under abscisic acid (ABA) and salt (NaCl) stress. Our results showed that the regulation of miR398 in response to ABA and salt stress was more dynamic in plants than previously reported. In poplars, miR398 was first induced upon 3-4 h of ABA or salt stress. However, this induction declined after 48 h and finally accumulated again over a prolonged stress (72 h). We referred to this kind of regulation as dynamic regulation. In contrast, such dynamic regulation of miR398 under salt stress was completely absent in Arabidopsis, in which miR398 was steadily and unidirectionally suppressed. Interestingly, ABA treatment caused a deviate dynamic regulation of miR398 in Arabidopsis, showing an opposite response as compared to that in poplars. We referred to the difference in regulation between Arabidopsis and poplars as differential regulation. Furthermore, the expression of the miR398 target, copper superoxide dismutase1 (CSD1), was in reverse correlation with the miR398 level, suggesting a control of this specific target expression predominantly by miR398 under abiotic stress. Together, these data consistently show a correlated regulation between miR398 and its representative target, CSD1, by ABA and salt stresses, and raise the possibility that regulation of miRNAs in plants is twofold: a dynamic regulation within a plant species and a differential regulation between different plant species. C1 [Jia, Xiaoyun; Wang, Wang-Xia; Ren, Ligang; Chen, Qi-Jun; Mendu, Venugopal; Willcut, Benjamin; Tang, Xiaoqing; Tang, Guiliang] Univ Kentucky, Gene Suppress Lab, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Dinkins, Randy] USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Tang, GL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Gene Suppress Lab, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM gtang2@uky.edu RI Tang, Guiliang/F-1450-2010; Tang, Guiliang/C-7989-2012; OI Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X FU Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center (KTRDC); USDA-NRI [2006-35301-17115, 2006-35100-17433]; NSF [MCB-0718029]; Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation [KSTC-144-401-08-029] FX We thank the University of Kentucky Advanced Genetics Technologies Center for printing the array, and Professor Arie Altman, at Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Rehovot, Israel), for providing P. tremula material. G. T. is supported by the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center (KTRDC), the USDA-NRI grants 2006-35301-17115 and 2006-35100-17433, the NSF MCB-0718029 (Subaward No. S-00000260), and an award from the Kentucky Science and Technology Corporation under Contract # KSTC-144-401-08-029. NR 38 TC 91 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s11103-009-9508-8 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 476ME UT WOS:000268445400005 PM 19533381 ER PT J AU Ying, ZT Davenport, TL Zhang, TF Schnell, RJ Tondo, CL AF Ying, Zhentu Davenport, Thomas L. Zhang, Taifang Schnell, Raymond J. Tondo, Cecile L. TI Selection of Highly Informative Microsatellite Markers to Identify Pollen Donors in 'Hass' Avocado Orchards SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE Cross-pollination; Multiplex reaction; Paternity analysis; Persea americana; Self-pollination ID PERSEA-AMERICANA MILL.; PATERNITY INFERENCE; PROGRAM CERVUS AB 'Hass' is the most popular avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cultivar in the world. It has been characterized as a crop requiring cross-pollination. However, the potential extent of self-pollination and the most effective pollen donors (best cross-pollinizing cultivars) have not been determined. In this study, 56 markers were screened against 'Hass' and nine commonly used pollinizing cultivars grown in southern California: 'Bacon,' 'Ettinger,' 'Fuerte,' 'Harvest,' 'Lamb Hass,' 'Marvel,' 'Nobel,' 'Sir Prize,' and 'Zutano.' Seventeen microsatellite, i.e., simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, were found to be very promising for paternity analysis. Four highly informative SSR markers were selected to accurately and unequivocally identify pollen parents of 'Hass' fruit from an orchard interplanted with these pollinizing cultivars. From 2003 to 2006, 7,984 'Hass' fruit were analyzed for their paternity. Overall, the pollen parents of 99.55% of the analyzed fruit could be unequivocally identified with a single multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Only 36 fruits (< 0.45%) required a second PCR reaction to reach unequivocal identification of the pollen parents. C1 [Ying, Zhentu; Davenport, Thomas L.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Zhang, Taifang] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Schnell, Raymond J.; Tondo, Cecile L.] USDA ARS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Davenport, TL (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, 18905 SW 280 St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. EM tldav@ufl.edu FU California Avocado Commission FX This research was supported by a grant from California Avocado Commission. The authors thank Mr. Paul Debusschere and Mr. Sam McIntyre for providing their orchards in which to conduct the experiments and Dr. Ben Faber for assistance with fruit sampling. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3 BP 374 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s11105-009-0108-1 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 477JB UT WOS:000268514200018 ER PT J AU Barkley, NA Krueger, RR Federici, CT Roose, ML AF Barkley, Noelle A. Krueger, Robert R. Federici, Claire T. Roose, Mikeal L. TI What phylogeny and gene genealogy analyses reveal about homoplasy in citrus microsatellite alleles SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Homoplasy; Citrus; Microsatellite alleles; Parsimony; Gene network; Sequencing ID SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; SIZE HOMOPLASY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHLOROPLAST MICROSATELLITES; FINITE POPULATION; MUTATION MODEL; LOCI; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY AB Sixty-five microsatellite alleles amplified from ancestral citrus accessions classified in three separate genera were evaluated for sequence polymorphism to establish the basis of inter- and intra-allelic genetic variation, evaluate the extent of size homoplasy, and determine an appropriate model (stepwise or infinite allele) for analysis of citrus microsatellite alleles. Sequences for each locus were aligned and subsequently used to determine relationships between alleles of different taxa via parsimony. Interallelic size variation at each SSR locus examined was due to changes in repeat copy number with one exception. Sequencing these alleles uncovered new distinct point mutations in the microsatellite region and the region flanking the microsatellite. Several of the point mutations were found to be genus, species, or allele specific, and some mutations were informative about the inferred evolutionary relationships among alleles. Overall, homoplasy was observed in alleles from all three loci, where the core microsatellite repeat was changed causing alleles of the same size class to be identical in state but not identical by descent. Because nearly all changes in allele size (with one exception) were due to expansion or contraction of the repeat motif, this suggests that a stepwise mutation model, which assumes homoplasy may occur, would be the most appropriate for analyzing Citrus SSR data. The collected data indicate that microsatellites can be a useful tool for evaluating Citrus species and two related genera since repeat motifs were reasonably well retained. However, this work also demonstrated that the number of microsatellite alleles is clearly an underestimate of the number of sequence variants present. C1 [Barkley, Noelle A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Grad Program Genet Genom & Bioinformat, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Krueger, Robert R.] USDA ARS Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Citrus, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Barkley, NA (reprint author), 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM elle.barkley@ars.usda.gov RI Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008 FU US Department of Agriculture FX We would like to thank the US Department of Agriculture for the funding to support this project. In addition, we thank colleagues at USDA-ARS Plant Genetic Resource Conservation Unit in Griffin, GA, for reviewing this manuscript and providing suggestions. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 282 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s00606-009-0208-2 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 490VL UT WOS:000269535800007 ER PT J AU Goss, EM Larsen, M Chastagner, GA Givens, DR Grunwald, NJ AF Goss, Erica M. Larsen, Meg Chastagner, Gary A. Givens, Donald R. Gruenwald, Niklaus J. TI Population Genetic Analysis Infers Migration Pathways of Phytophthora ramorum in US Nurseries SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; 3 CLONAL LINEAGES; NORTH-AMERICAN; MICROBIAL FORENSICS; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-AFRICA; PATHOGEN; DIVERSITY; CALIFORNIA AB Recently introduced, exotic plant pathogens may exhibit low genetic diversity and be limited to clonal reproduction. However, rapidly mutating molecular markers such as microsatellites can reveal genetic variation within these populations and be used to model putative migration patterns. Phytophthora ramorum is the exotic pathogen, discovered in the late 1990s, that is responsible for sudden oak death in California forests and ramorum blight of common ornamentals. The nursery trade has moved this pathogen from source populations on the West Coast to locations across the United States, thus risking introduction to other native forests. We examined the genetic diversity of P. ramorum in United States nurseries by microsatellite genotyping 279 isolates collected from 19 states between 2004 and 2007. Of the three known P. ramorum clonal lineages, the most common and genetically diverse lineage in the sample was NA1. Two eastward migration pathways were revealed in the clustering of NA1 isolates into two groups, one containing isolates from Connecticut, Oregon, and Washington and the other isolates from California and the remaining states. This finding is consistent with trace forward analyses conducted by the US Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. At the same time, genetic diversities in several states equaled those observed in California, Oregon, and Washington and two-thirds of multilocus genotypes exhibited limited geographic distributions, indicating that mutation was common during or subsequent to migration. Together, these data suggest that migration, rapid mutation, and genetic drift all play a role in structuring the genetic diversity of P. ramorum in US nurseries. This work demonstrates that fast-evolving genetic markers can be used to examine the evolutionary processes acting on recently introduced pathogens and to infer their putative migration patterns, thus showing promise for the application of forensics to plant pathogens. C1 [Goss, Erica M.; Larsen, Meg; Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. [Chastagner, Gary A.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Givens, Donald R.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Goss, EM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. EM nik.grunwald@ars.usda.gov RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 FU USDA ARS CRIS [5358-22000-034-00D]; US Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Sudden Oak Death research program FX This work was supported by funds from USDA ARS CRIS Project 5358-22000-034-00D and the US Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Sudden Oak Death research program (http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/programs/sod/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript are solely for the purpose of providing specific information and do not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 65 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 5 IS 9 AR e1000583 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000583 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 506VO UT WOS:000270804900015 PM 19774068 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Faris, JD Oliver, RP Tan, KC Solomon, PS McDonald, MC McDonald, BA Nunez, A Lu, SW Rasmussen, JB Friesen, TL AF Liu, Zhaohui Faris, Justin D. Oliver, Richard P. Tan, Kar-Chun Solomon, Peter S. McDonald, Megan C. McDonald, Bruce A. Nunez, Alberto Lu, Shunwen Rasmussen, Jack B. Friesen, Timothy L. TI SnTox3 Acts in Effector Triggered Susceptibility to Induce Disease on Wheat Carrying the Snn3 Gene SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; PATHOGEN STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; TAN SPOT; PTR TOXA; LEPTOSPHAERIA-MACULANS; RESISTANCE GENE; AVIRULENCE GENE; PROTEIN TOXIN; RECOMBINATION AB The necrotrophic fungus Stagonospora nodorum produces multiple proteinaceous host-selective toxins (HSTs) which act in effector triggered susceptibility. Here, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the SnTox3-encoding gene, designated SnTox3, as well as the initial characterization of the SnTox3 protein. SnTox3 is a 693 bp intron-free gene with little obvious homology to other known genes. The predicted immature SnTox3 protein is 25.8 kDa in size. A 20 amino acid signal sequence as well as a possible pro sequence are predicted. Six cysteine residues are predicted to form disulfide bonds and are shown to be important for SnTox3 activity. Using heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris and transformation into an avirulent S. nodorum isolate, we show that SnTox3 encodes the SnTox3 protein and that SnTox3 interacts with the wheat susceptibility gene Snn3. In addition, the avirulent S. nodorum isolate transformed with SnTox3 was virulent on host lines expressing the Snn3 gene. SnTox3- disrupted mutants were deficient in the production of SnTox3 and avirulent on the Snn3 differential wheat line BG220. An analysis of genetic diversity revealed that SnTox3 is present in 60.1% of a worldwide collection of 923 isolates and occurs as eleven nucleotide haplotypes resulting in four amino acid haplotypes. The cloning of SnTox3 provides a fundamental tool for the investigation of the S. nodorum-wheat interaction, as well as vital information for the general characterization of necrotroph-plant interactions. C1 [Liu, Zhaohui; Rasmussen, Jack B.; Friesen, Timothy L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Faris, Justin D.; Lu, Shunwen; Friesen, Timothy L.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND USA. [Oliver, Richard P.; Tan, Kar-Chun] Murdoch Univ, Div Hlth Sci, Western Australian State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Australian Ctr Necrotroph Fungal Pathogens, Perth, WA, Australia. [Solomon, Peter S.] Australian Natl Univ, Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [McDonald, Megan C.; McDonald, Bruce A.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol, Plant Pathol Grp, Zurich, Switzerland. [Nunez, Alberto] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Liu, ZH (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov RI McDonald, Bruce/A-2748-2008; Oliver, Richard/D-1166-2009; McDonald, Megan/O-7662-2014; Solomon, Peter/C-9301-2009 OI McDonald, Bruce/0000-0002-5332-2172; McDonald, Megan/0000-0002-9129-7393; Solomon, Peter/0000-0002-5130-7307 FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-22000-043-00D, 5442-22000-030-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS projects 5442-22000-043-00D and 5442-22000-030-00D. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 5 IS 9 AR e1000581 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000581 PG 15 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 506VO UT WOS:000270804900013 PM 19806176 ER PT J AU Park, SW Burnham, MR Branton, SL Gerard, PD Womack, SK Peebles, ED AF Park, S. W. Burnham, M. R. Branton, S. L. Gerard, P. D. Womack, S. K. Peebles, E. D. TI Influence of supplemental dietary poultry fat on the yolk characteristics of commercial layers inoculated before or at the onset of lay with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE egg yolk; F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; inoculation; layer; poultry fat ID EGG CHARACTERISTICS; HENS; AGE; PERFORMANCE; REQUIREMENT; INFECTION; BREEDER AB Effects of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) inoculation and 1.5% supplemental dietary poultry fat (PF) on the egg yolk characteristics of commercial layers at 24, 34, 44, 50, and 58 wk of age were investigated. Sham and FMG inoculations were administered at 12 and 22 wk of age and dietary treatments (basal control and basal control with 1.5% supplemental PF) were initiated at 20 wk of age. Yolk lipid concentration was reduced on wk 24 in birds that had been inoculated at 12 or 22 wk of age with FMG. The use of 1.5% supplemental PF increased percentage of yolk weight and yolk: albumen ratio across age and inoculation treatment. At 58 wk of age, concentrations of yolk palmitic acid increased and those of oleic and linolenic acid decreased when sham inoculations were given at 22 rather than at 12 wk of age. However, FMG inoculations given at 22 rather than at 12 wk increased palmitoleic acid and decreased stearic acid yolk concentrations. At 12 wk of age, FMG inoculations decreased yolk palmitoleic, oleic, and linolenic acid concentrations while causing increased yolk stearic and arachidonic acid levels when compared with sham inoculations. Furthermore, 1.5% supplemental PF decreased concentrations of palmitic and oleic acid and increased those of linoleic acid in the yolk at 58 wk of age. Despite the interaction of 1.5% supplemental PF with the prelay inoculation of FMG on early (18 to 26 wk) layer performance noted in a previous report, the effects of a prelay FMG inoculation and 1.5% supplemental PF on the egg yolk characteristics examined in the current study were independent of each other. This suggests that 1.5% supplemental PF is not effective in modulating the effects of an FMG inoculation at 12 wk of age on hen egg yolk characteristics between 24 and 58 wk of age and that the combined effects of PF supplementation and FMG inoculation on performance do not influence egg yolk characteristics. C1 [Park, S. W.; Burnham, M. R.; Womack, S. K.; Peebles, E. D.] ARS, USDA, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerard, P. D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1883 EP 1887 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00161 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 484KO UT WOS:000269043600015 PM 19687273 ER PT J AU Johnson, RM Evans, JD Robinson, GE Berenbaum, MR AF Johnson, Reed M. Evans, Jay D. Robinson, Gene E. Berenbaum, May R. TI Changes in transcript abundance relating to colony collapse disorder in honey bees (Apis mellifera) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE microarray; picorna-like virus; ribosomal RNA ID ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GENE; POLYADENYLATION; REQUIREMENT; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY; MOLECULES; PROTEINS AB Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is a mysterious disappearance of honey bees that has beset beekeepers in the United States since late 2006. Pathogens and other environmental stresses, including pesticides, have been linked to CCD, but a causal relationship has not yet been demonstrated. Because the gut acts as a primary interface between the honey bee and its environment as a site of entry for pathogens and toxins, we used whole-genome microarrays to compare gene expression between guts of bees from CCD colonies originating on both the east and west coasts of the United States and guts of bees from healthy colonies sampled before the emergence of CCD. Considerable variation in gene expression was associated with the geographical origin of bees, but a consensus list of 65 transcripts was identified as potential markers for CCD status. Overall, elevated expression of pesticide response genes was not observed. Genes involved in immune response showed no clear trend in expression pattern despite the increased prevalence of viruses and other pathogens in CCD colonies. Microarray analysis revealed unusual ribosomal RNA fragments that were conspicuously more abundant in the guts of CCD bees. The presence of these fragments may be a possible consequence of picorna-like viral infection, including deformed wing virus and Israeli acute paralysis virus, and may be related to arrested translation. Ribosomal fragment abundance and presence of multiple viruses may prove to be useful diagnostic markers for colonies afflicted with CCD. C1 [Johnson, Reed M.; Robinson, Gene E.; Berenbaum, May R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Evans, Jay D.] ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Berenbaum, MR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 320 Morrill Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM maybe@illinois.edu RI Johnson, Reed/H-3742-2011; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [2007-37610-18499, 2008-3532-18831, 2004-35604-14277] FX We thank D. vanEngelsdorp, J. Pettis, and D. CoxFoster for sample collection and colony health scores, and D. Lopez and T. Newman for laboratory assistance. We also thank I. Lipkin, J. Willis, and J. Gillespie for an insightful and constructive review. This work was supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture Grants USDAG 2007-37610-18499 ( to S. Ratcliffe, G. E. R., and M. B.), USDAG 2008-3532-18831 ( to M. R. B.), and USDA-NRI 2004-35604-14277 ( to G. E. R.). NR 39 TC 124 Z9 137 U1 6 U2 102 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 35 BP 14790 EP 14795 DI 10.1073/pnas.0906970106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 490EM UT WOS:000269481000013 PM 19706391 ER PT J AU Rich, SM Leendertz, FH Xu, G LeBreton, M Djoko, CF Aminake, MN Takang, EE Diffo, JLD Pike, BL Rosenthal, BM Formenty, P Boesch, C Ayala, FJ Wolfe, ND AF Rich, Stephen M. Leendertz, Fabian H. Xu, Guang LeBreton, Matthew Djoko, Cyrille F. Aminake, Makoah N. Takang, Eric E. Diffo, Joseph L. D. Pike, Brian L. Rosenthal, Benjamin M. Formenty, Pierre Boesch, Christophe Ayala, Francisco J. Wolfe, Nathan D. TI The origin of malignant malaria SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE chimpanzees; human evolution; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium reichenowi; zoonosis ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; HAPLOTYPE DIVERSITY; EVOLUTIONARY ORIGIN; GENE-SEQUENCES; CYTOCHROME-B; GREAT APES; PARASITES; ACID AB Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malignant malaria, is among the most severe human infectious diseases. The closest known relative of P. falciparum is a chimpanzee parasite, Plasmodium reichenowi, of which one single isolate was previously known. The co-speciation hypothesis suggests that both parasites evolved separately from a common ancestor over the last 5-7 million years, in parallel with the divergence of their hosts, the hominin and chimpanzee lineages. Genetic analysis of eight new isolates of P. reichenowi, from wild and wild-born captive chimpanzees in Cameroon and Cote d'Ivoire, shows that P. reichenowi is a geographically widespread and genetically diverse chimpanzee parasite. The genetic lineage comprising the totality of global P. falciparum is fully included within the much broader genetic diversity of P. reichenowi. This finding is inconsistent with the co-speciation hypothesis. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that all extant P. falciparum populations originated from P. reichenowi, likely by a single host transfer, which may have occurred as early as 2-3 million years ago, or as recently as 10,000 years ago. The evolutionary history of this relationship may be explained by two critical genetic mutations. First, inactivation of the CMAH gene in the human lineage rendered human ancestors unable to generate the sialic acid Neu5Gc from its precursor Neu5Ac, and likely made humans resistant to P. reichenowi. More recently, mutations in the dominant invasion receptor EBA 175 in the P. falciparum lineage provided the parasite with preference for the overabundant Neu5Ac precursor, accounting for its extreme human pathogenicity. C1 [Rich, Stephen M.; Xu, Guang] Univ Massachusetts, Div Entomol, PSIS, Lab Med Zool, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Leendertz, Fabian H.] Robert Koch Inst, Dept Emerging Zoonoses, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [LeBreton, Matthew; Djoko, Cyrille F.; Takang, Eric E.; Diffo, Joseph L. D.; Pike, Brian L.; Wolfe, Nathan D.] Global Viral Forecasting Initiat, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Djoko, Cyrille F.; Aminake, Makoah N.] Univ Yaounde I, Ctr Biotechnol, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Rosenthal, Benjamin M.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Formenty, Pierre] WHO Off, WHO, Ebola Tai Forest Project, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Boesch, Christophe] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Primatol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Ayala, Francisco J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Wolfe, Nathan D.] Stanford Univ, Program Human Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Rich, SM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Div Entomol, PSIS, Lab Med Zool, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM smrich@psis.umass.edu; fjayala@uci.edu; ndwolfe@stanford.edu OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 FU Robert Koch-Institut; Max-Planck-Society; Global Viral Forecasting Initiative; Google. org; The Skoll Foundation; National Institutes of Health [NIHRO1GM70077, NIH-RO1GM60759, DP1-OD00370, 5 K01 TW000003-05]; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University; National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration FX We thank the Cameroon Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Cameroon Wildlife Aid Fund, and Limbe Wildlife Centre for permits and permission to sample animals at Limbe Wildlife Centre, MvogBetsi Zoo, and Mfou National Park. We thank Dr. John Kiyang, Dr. Felix Lankster, Babila Talfon, Jean-Michel Takuo, Felix Nkom, Mary-Chantal Bindele, and Mamo Benadette Adzenyuy for Cameroonian field support. We thank the Ministry of the Environment and Forests as well as the Ministry of Research, the directorship of the Ta National Park, and the Swiss Research Center in Abidjan in Cote d'Ivoire. For Ivorian field support, we thank Ilka Herbinger, Rebecca Stumpf, Yasmin Moebius, Cristina Gomes, Tobias Deschner, and Emmanuel Normand. Additional support was provided by the Robert Koch-Institut, the Max-Planck-Society, the Global Viral Forecasting Initiative, Google. org, and The Skoll Foundation. We are extremely grateful to Dr. Franc, ois Renaud (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-International Relief and Development, Montpellier, France) for making available to us the DNA sequences of Plasmodium gaboni. Comments or assistance were provided by Norman Johnson, Dr. Mike Dean, Russell Hanson, Charles Wolfe, Dr. David Sintasath, Lisa Krain, Bill Switzer, and Dr. Jared Diamond. We are grateful to Drs. Franc, ois Renaud, Nora Besansky, and Ajit Varki for helpful comments about the manuscript. Research and experimentation was funded by National Institutes of Health Grants NIHRO1GM70077 and NIH-RO1GM60759 (to S. M. R.), with additional support from Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University. Support for collection of specimens in Cameroon was provided by the National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award DP1-OD00370 (to N. D. W.), the National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center International Research Scientist Development Award 5 K01 TW000003-05 (to N. D. W.), and the National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration. NR 52 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 1 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 35 BP 14902 EP 14907 DI 10.1073/pnas.0907740106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 490EM UT WOS:000269481000032 PM 19666593 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Quyyumi, AA Patel, R Zafari, AM Veledar, E Onufrak, S Shallenberger, LH Jones, L Vaccarino, V AF Zhao, Jinying Quyyumi, Arshed A. Patel, Riyaz Zafari, A. Maziar Veledar, Emir Onufrak, Stephen Shallenberger, Lucy H. Jones, Linda Vaccarino, Viola TI Sex-Specific Association of Depression and a Haplotype in Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase Gene SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE depression; sex difference; SNP haplotype; leukotriene; genetic association ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; POPULATION-BASED TWIN; MAJOR DEPRESSION; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; 5-LIPOXYGENASE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTRIBUTIONS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; RISK-FACTORS AB Objective: To assess whether genetic variants involved in inflammation play a role in the sex difference in depression. Depression is, in part, genetically determined and inflammation has been implicated. Women are twice as likely to develop depression as men. Methods: We examined the association, separately in men and women, between seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) gene and 12 SNPs in the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) gene and depression in 1368 white subjects (30.4% female) referred for cardiovascular evaluation. Depression was defined as a score of >= 10 in the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. Single marker analysis was assessed by the chi(2) test. Haplotype-specific associations were performed, using likelihood ratio tests. Empirical significance levels were determined by permutation tests. Results: Depressed individuals, comprising 14.5% of the total, were more likely to be female, current smokers, have a history of diabetes and myocardial infarction. None of the SNPs in the ALOX5AP gene, either singly or in combination, was associated with depression. The 12 SNPs in the LTA4H gene were not individually associated with depression. However, a six-SNP haplotype in LTA4H gene, named HapE, showed a significant protective effect on depression in women, but not in men, after correcting for cardiovascular effects. The interaction between HapE and sex on depression was statistically significant. Conclusion: This study provides the first evidence for a sex-specific association of a novel haplotype in the LTA4H gene on depression. Although replication is needed, our study suggests that genetic variations may underlie sex differences in depression. C1 [Zhao, Jinying] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Quyyumi, Arshed A.; Patel, Riyaz; Zafari, A. Maziar; Veledar, Emir; Shallenberger, Lucy H.; Jones, Linda; Vaccarino, Viola] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Onufrak, Stephen] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zhao, J (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, 801 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. EM Jinying-Zhao@ouhsc.edu RI Veledar, Emir/K-2808-2012 OI Veledar, Emir/0000-0002-3831-5433 FU American Heart Association [0730100N]; National Institutes of Health [K24HL077506, KL2 RR0025009] FX This study was supported by Grant 0730100N from the American Heart Association (J.Z.), Grant K24HL077506 from the National Institutes of Health (V.V.), and Grant KL2 RR0025009 from the Clinical and Translational Science Award Program, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 71 IS 7 BP 691 EP 696 DI 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181b05c57 PG 6 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 497JT UT WOS:000270056100001 PM 19622707 ER PT J AU Racine, EF Jemison, K Huber, LR Arif, AA AF Racine, Elizabeth F. Jemison, Kyle Huber, Larissa R. Arif, Ahmed A. TI The well-being of children in food-insecure households: results from The Eastern Caribbean Child Vulnerability Study 2005 SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Food insecurity; Child health; Child well-being; Learning disability; Caribbean ID AMERICAN-DIETETIC-ASSOCIATION; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-AFRICA; HUNGER; MALNUTRITION; HEALTH; DEPRESSION; STRATEGIES; TODDLERS; SECURITY AB Objective: To examine the relationship between food insecurity and child wellbeing indicators. Design: Cross-sectional survey conducted in 2344 households with children. The main exposure measure was food insecurity status, which was categorized as food secure or food insecure based on two or more food insecurity questions answered in the affirmative. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to model the association between food insecurity Status and selected child wellbeing indicators. Setting: Barbados, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines (hereafter St. Vincent), three Eastern Caribbean countries, 2005. Subjects: A random sample of households with children was identified by the governments of Barbados, St. Lucia and St. Vincent. In-home interviews were conducted by social workers. Results: One-third (33%) Of households were categorized as food insecure. Food-insecure households were more likely to include a chronically ill parent (OR = 2.48; 95% Cl 1.76, 3.49), a recently divorced parent (Oil = 1.92; 95% Cl 1.21, 3.05), a child requiring multiple visits to a health-care provider for a disability (OR = 3.98; 95% Cl 1.20, 13.19) or injury (OR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.12, 2.83), a child with a learning disability (01 = 2.08; 95% Cl 1.16, 3.74) or a child with a physical disability (OR = 2.54; 95% Cl 1.22, 5.32) after adjustment for poverty and other demographic variables. Conclusions: The results indicate that food-insecure households were more likely to be burdened by child disability (learning and physical), family system disruption (recent divorce and chronic illness) and child health-care needs (for disability and injury) than food-secure households. The implementation of programmes and policies to minimize food insecurity in the Eastern Caribbean C1 [Racine, Elizabeth F.; Huber, Larissa R.; Arif, Ahmed A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Jemison, Kyle] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Racine, EF (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM efracine@uncc.edu OI Arif, Ahmed A./0000-0002-0237-9937 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1443 EP 1450 DI 10.1017/S1368980008004229 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 488HL UT WOS:000269339900018 PM 19102805 ER PT J AU Villalba, JJ Soder, KJ Laca, EA AF Villalba, Juan J. Soder, Katby J. Laca, Emilio A. TI Understanding Diet Selection in Temperate Biodiverse Pasture Systems SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Villalba, Juan J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Soder, Katby J.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Laca, Emilio A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Villalba, JJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Villalba, Juan/A-5836-2010 OI Villalba, Juan/0000-0001-8868-8468 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 62 IS 5 BP 387 EP 388 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 499QQ UT WOS:000270240000001 ER PT J AU Soder, KJ Gregorini, P Scaglia, G Rook, AJ AF Soder, Kathy J. Gregorini, Pablo Scaglia, Guillermo Rook, Andrew J. TI Dietary Selection by Domestic Grazing Ruminants in Temperate Pastures: Current State of Knowledge, Methodologies, and Future Direction SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 07-12, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Anim Sci DE diet selection; grazing behavior; methodologies; ruminants ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS VARIETIES; CHAIN FATTY ALCOHOLS; RESTRICTED FEEDING PERIOD; PLANT WAX COMPONENTS; WHITE CLOVER; BOTANICAL COMPOSITION; N-ALKANES; DAIRY-COWS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; BITE DIMENSIONS AB Ruminants grazing mixed-species pastures face many choices, including when and where to graze and how much herbage to consume. These choices affect not only the nutritional status of the animal, but also sward composition and nutritive value through selective defoliation. Limited research has been conducted in the area of dietary selection and preference, most of which has been limited to simple model systems often involving a choice between only two herbage species. Although these studies have provided a vital toot to allow understanding of the fundamental principles of foraging behavior, in reality, grazing ruminants are faced with more complex situations. Understanding and managing animal preferences in mixed swards and thereby altering dietary selection can result in greater primary (plant) and secondary (animal) productivity. Key issues to improve this understanding include a better linking of behavioral and nutritional studies, a better understanding of the genetic factors influencing diet selection, and the development of more explicit spatial models of foraging behavior that incorporate multiple scales of decision making. This article, as part of a set of synthesis articles, reviews the current state of knowledge and research methodologies related to diet selection of grazing domestic ruminants with particular reference to improved temperate grazing environments, including how well we understand each part of the complex decision-making process a grazing ruminant faces, the links with primary and secondary productivity, and developments in methodologies. Finally, we identify key areas where knowledge is lacking and further research is urgently required. C1 [Soder, Kathy J.; Gregorini, Pablo] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Scaglia, Guillermo] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rook, Andrew J.] Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. RP Soder, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Kathy.Soder@ars.usda.gov OI Gregorini, Pablo/0000-0002-7084-5223 NR 135 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 62 IS 5 BP 389 EP 398 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 499QQ UT WOS:000270240000002 ER PT J AU Arredondo, JT Johnson, DA AF Tulio Arredondo, Jose Johnson, Douglas A. TI Root Responses to Short-Lived Pulses of Soil Nutrients and Shoot Defoliation in Seedlings of Three Rangeland Grasses SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 07-12, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Anim Sci DE Agropyron cristatum; Agropyron desertorum; Bromus tectorum; clipping; nutrient-enriched soil patches; Pseudoroegneria spicata; root foraging; soil-nutrient heterogeneity; soil resources ID AGROPYRON BUNCHGRASSES; PLANT SUCCESSION; GROWTH-RATE; HERBIVORY; PROLIFERATION; ALLOCATION; PATTERNS; FIELD AB Root proliferation is important in determining root foraging capability of rangeland grasses to unpredictable soil-nutrient pulses. However, root proliferation responses are often confounded by the inherent relative growth rate (RGR) of the particular species being compared. Additionally, inherent biomass allocation to roots (R:S ratio) can be associated with root RGR, hence likely influencing root foraging responses. The influence of relative growth rate and biomass allocation patterns on the speed and efficiency of root foraging responses at the critical seeding stage was examined in two important perennial rangeland grasses that occur widely in the Great Basin Region of the United States (Whitmar bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Love] and Hycrest crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult. X A. cristatum L. Gaert.]) as well as in the widespread exotic invasive annual grass, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.). Greenhouse-grown seedlings were exposed to four nutrient regimes: uniform-low, uniform-high, soil-nutrient pulse, soil-nutrient depletion, and to either no clipping or clipping (80% removal of standing shoot biomass). Hycrest was the only species that exhibited root proliferation responses to the short-lived nutrient pulse, and this response occurred through root elongation rather than initiation of lateral root branches. Overall, defoliation inhibited proliferation-based root responses to a larger extent than topological-based root responses. Defoliated plants of Hycrest interrupted root development (topological index did not change) following shoot defoliation compared to undefoliated plants. In contrast, root topological developmental patterns were the same for defoliated and undefoliated plants of Whitmar, whereas cheatgrass exhibited an intermediate response between Whitmar and Hycrest. Our results suggest that inherent biomass allocation to roots contributes to enhanced capabilities of proliferation-based root responses. C1 [Tulio Arredondo, Jose] Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, Div Ciencias Ambientales, San Luis Potosi 78261, Mexico. [Johnson, Douglas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Arredondo, JT (reprint author), Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, Div Ciencias Ambientales, Camino Presa de San Jose 2055,Lomas 4Ta Secc, San Luis Potosi 78261, Mexico. EM tulio@ipicyt.edu.mx RI Arredondo Moreno, Jose /A-9972-2015 OI Arredondo Moreno, Jose /0000-0003-1969-9942 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 17 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 62 IS 5 BP 470 EP 479 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 499QQ UT WOS:000270240000011 ER PT J AU Wolter, PT Townsend, PA Sturtevant, BR AF Wolter, Peter T. Townsend, Philip A. Sturtevant, Brian R. TI Estimation of forest structural parameters using 5 and 10 meter SPOT-5 satellite data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE Forest structure; Multi-resolution; SPOT-5; Geostatistics; Minnesota; Sub-boreal; Spruce budworm ID SPRUCE BUDWORM DEFOLIATION; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; LANDSAT ETM+ DATA; NEAREST NEIGHBORS TECHNIQUE; LANDSCAPE SIMULATION-MODEL; REMOTELY-SENSED IMAGERY; HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGERY; SMALL-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; LASER SCANNER DATA AB Large areas of forest in the US and Canada are affected by insects and disease each year. Over the past century, outbreaks of the Eastern spruce budworm have become more frequent and severe. The notion of designing a more pest resistant landscape through prescriptive management practices hinges on our ability to effectively model forest-insect dynamics at regional scales. Increasingly, more detailed pixel-wise estimates of forest biophysical parameters are needed for such endeavors. Lidar technology, although promising, is not yet viable for repeated regional accounting, necessitating the development of methods which take advantage of existing spaceborne assets. Our objective is to use one of these assets (SPOT-5) to estimate a large set of forest structural attributes at a finer spatial grain size (5 m and 10 m) over a broader area than is currently available for the purpose of supplying needed input data for disturbance simulation modeling. We employ neighborhood statistics (standard deviation, variance, sill variance, and ratios of these metrics at 5 and 10 m) calculated from SPOT-5 sensor data and derivatives to estimate and map tree canopy diameter (CDIA), bole diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (HT), crown closure (CC), vertical length of live crown (LC), and basal area (BA). A partial least squares (PLS) regression approach was used with these local statistics and field data to produce models for pixel-wise estimation and mapping of mean values, respectively, for hardwood and coniferous forest CDIA (R-2 = 0.82 and 0.93, RMSE 0.62 and 0.47 m), DBH (R-2 = 0.82 and 0.90, RMSE 2.92 and 3.75 cm), HT (R-2 = 0.69 and 0.92, RMSE 1.27 and 1.59 m), CC (R-2 = 0.52 and 0.68, RMSE 5.49 and 6.02%), LC (R-2 = 0.58 and 0.81, RMSE 0.96 and 1.25 m), and BA (R-2 = 0.71 and 0.74, RMSE 2.47 and 4.58 m(2) ha(-1)) for a 3600 km(2) area in northeast Minnesota. This approach for quantifying forest structure is robust in the sense that a detailed forest cover type map is not required to stratify analysis at any step in the process. Hence, we show that multi-resolution SPOT-5 data are a practical alternative to lidar for regional characterization of forest biophysical parameters. However, lidar data may potentially be used to calibrate these SPOT-based structure models in the future. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wolter, Peter T.; Townsend, Philip A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sturtevant, Brian R.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Wolter, PT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ptwolter@wisc.edu RI Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008 OI Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [2005-3510116342] FX This research was supported by funding from the U.S. Forest Service via the National Fire Plan (Project O1.NCS.C.2) and a grant from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) Managed Ecosystems program (2005-3510116342), as well as fellowship support from the Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology at the University of Wisconsin. Thanks to David Helmers and Peter Crump for programming support, to the Natural Resources Research Institute of the University of Minnesota-Duluth for transportation assistance, and to the four anonymous reviewers who's comments greatly improved this paper. NR 121 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 113 IS 9 BP 2019 EP 2036 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.05.009 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 478RG UT WOS:000268605200019 ER PT J AU Kornecki, TS Price, AJ Raper, RL Arriaga, FJ AF Kornecki, T. S. Price, A. J. Raper, R. L. Arriaga, F. J. TI New roller crimper concepts for mechanical termination of cover crops in conservation agriculture SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cover crops; roller crimper; mechanical kill; termination rate; conservation system ID REDUCING VIBRATION; LOW-BACK; CEREALS AB Rollers crimpers have been used in conservation agriculture to terminate cover crops; however, excessive vibration generated by the original straight-bar roller design has delayed adoption of this technology in the United States. To avoid excessive vibration, producers generally reduce operating speeds that increase the time needed to perform the field operation. The objectives of this research were to identify roller crimper designs that terminated rye cover crops consistently, resulted in soil moisture conservation after use, and minimized vibrations when operated in the field. Six different roller types were developed and tested at 3.2 and 6.4 km h(-1) in Alabama field experiments during the 2006, 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. All roller types were used alone and one also in combination with glyphosate. Rye mortalities were evaluated 1, 2 and 3 weeks after rolling and compared with the check (non-rolled standing rye). Soil volumetric moisture content (VMC) was measured at the day of rolling, and then at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after rolling. Vibration was measured on the rollers' and tractor's frames during operation. Mortality for rolled rye 2 weeks after rolling was at least 98% compared with 96% for the check in 2006, 93% for rolling compared with 75% for the check in 2007, and 94% for rolling compared with 60% for the check in 2008 (P < 0.10). There were no consistent differences in rye mortality across roller types (without glyphosate) and speeds. VMC for soil in non-rolled rye plots was consistently lower than in rolled rye plots, averaging 3% compared with 7% 2 weeks after rolling in 2006, and 4% compared with 8% in 2008. During 2007, VMC was affected by severe drought conditions, and differences between roller treatments were detected but minor. The straight-bar roller generated the highest vibration on the tractor's frame at 6.4 km h(-1) (0.71 m s(-2), RMS), which exceeded International Standards (International Standard Office (ISO)). At 6.4 km h(-1), new roller designs generated significantly lower acceleration levels from 0.12 to 0.32 m s(-2) on the tractor's frame and were below detrimental effects on health 'health limits' classified by ISO. Overall, 2 weeks after rolling, all roller designs effectively terminated rye above 90%, which is the recommended termination level of rye to plant a cash crop into residue mat, while protecting soil surface from water loss. New roller designs generate less vibration than the original design and can be used safely at higher operating speeds. C1 [Kornecki, T. S.; Price, A. J.; Raper, R. L.; Arriaga, F. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Kornecki, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL USA. EM ted.kornecki@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1017/S1742170509002580 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 494MY UT WOS:000269818700001 ER PT J AU Smith, TA Huang, CL Lin, BH AF Smith, T. A. Huang, C. L. Lin, B. -H. TI Estimating organic premiums in the US fluid milk market SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE organic milk; hedonic price; market factors; product attributes; branding; Nielsen Homescan; organic premium ID CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS; HEDONIC ANALYSIS; PRICES; PRODUCE; DEMAND; FOOD AB Using actual retail purchases from the 2006 Nielsen Homescan panel data, we estimate a hedonic model on price premiums and discounts associated with household characteristics, market factors, and product attributes focusing on the organic attribute for fluid milk. The organic attribute carries a significant price premium, which is largest of all product attributes considered in this study. Further, additional price variations among organic milk are observed for differences in fat content, container size and branding. Specifically, the results suggest that organic price premiums for half-gallon milk range from $1.23 for whole private label organic milk (60-68% above conventional counterpart) to $1.86 for nonfat/skim-branded organic milk (89-109% above conventional counterpart). The study also found that milk sold in a discount store (i.e., supercenter or club warehouse) was price 13 cents per half gallon, or 7.4%, below milk sold through other venues, and that milk on sale was priced 26 cents per half gallon, or 14.3%, less than the regular average price. Although household characteristics exert little influence on price relative to product attributes and market factors, the study does find that unmarried households and those with children under six pay slightly higher prices for milk, possibly due to time constraints. C1 [Smith, T. A.; Lin, B. -H.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Huang, C. L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Smith, TA (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM tsmith@ers.usda.gov FU USDA-ERS [43-3AEM-5-80043] FX This study was supported by USDA-ERS Cooperative Agreement No. 43-3AEM-5-80043. The views expressed in this study are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the US Department of Agriculture. Further, the authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 EI 1742-1713 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1017/S1742170509002579 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 494MY UT WOS:000269818700004 ER PT J AU Bortolini, MJS De Agostini, GG Reis, IT Lamounier, RPMS Blumberg, JB Espindola, FS AF Sordi Bortolini, Miguel Junior De Agostini, Guilherme Gularte Reis, Ismair Teodoro Martins Silva Lamounier, Romeu Paulo Blumberg, Jeffrey B. Espindola, Foued Salmen TI Total Protein of Whole Saliva as a Biomarker of Anaerobic Threshold SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Article DE exercise; lactate; salivary ID ALPHA-AMYLASE; BIOBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; ADRENERGIC ACTIVITY; LACTATE THRESHOLD; FLOW-RATE; EXERCISE; TRANSPORT; DUCT; RAT AB Saliva provides a convenient and. noninvasive matrix for assessing specific physiological parameters, including some biomarkers of exercise. We investigated whether the total protein concentration of whole saliva (TPWS) would reflect the anaerobic threshold during an incremental exercise test. After a warm-up period, 13 nonsmoking men performed a maximum incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer Blood and stimulated saliva were collected during the test. The TPWS anaerobic threshold (PAT) was determined using the Dmax method. The PAT was correlated with the blood lactate anaerobic threshold (AT; r = .93, p < .05). No significant difference (p =. 16) was observed between PAT and AT Thus, TPWS provides a convenient and noninvasive matrix for determining the anaerobic threshold during incremental exercise tests. C1 [Sordi Bortolini, Miguel Junior; Reis, Ismair Teodoro; Martins Silva Lamounier, Romeu Paulo; Espindola, Foued Salmen] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Lab Biomech & Mol Biol, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. [De Agostini, Guilherme Gularte] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Physiol Lab, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. [Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Espindola, FS (reprint author), Inst Genet & Bioquim, Av Amazonas S-N,Blc 2E, BR-38400982 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. EM foued@ufu.br NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0270-1367 EI 2168-3824 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD SEP PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 BP 604 EP 610 PG 7 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 498QO UT WOS:000270157500022 PM 19791647 ER PT J AU Fleishman, E Chambers, JC Wisdom, MJ AF Fleishman, Erica Chambers, Jeanne C. Wisdom, Michael J. TI Introduction to the Special Section on Alternative Futures for Great Basin Ecosystems SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; ecosystem management; Great Basin; invasive species; land cover change; land use change AB Natural and anthropogenic processes are causing extensive and rapid ecological, social, and economic changes in arid and semiarid ecosystems worldwide. Nowhere are these changes more evident than in the Great Basin of the western United States, a region of 400,000 km2 that largely is managed by federal agencies. Major drivers of ecosystems and human demographics of the Great Basin include human population growth, grazing by domestic livestock, extraction of minerals, development and production of energy, changes in fire and other disturbance regimes, and invasion of non-native annual plants. Exploration of alternative futures may increase the ability of management and policy to maximize the system's resistance and resilience to changes in climate, disturbance regimes, and anthropogenic perturbations. This special section examines the issues facing the Great Basin and then provides examples of approaches to predicting changes in land cover and avifaunal distributions under different management scenarios. Future sustainability of the Great Basin's natural and human systems requires strong, collaborative partnerships among research and management organizations that are capable of obtaining public support and financial resources and developing effective policies and institutional mechanisms. C1 [Fleishman, Erica] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Wisdom, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Fleishman, E (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St,Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM fleishman@nceas.ucsb.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 17 IS 5 BP 704 EP 706 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00592.x PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496MO UT WOS:000269978600016 ER PT J AU Chambers, JC Wisdom, MJ AF Chambers, Jeanne C. Wisdom, Michael J. TI Priority Research and Management Issues for the Imperiled Great Basin of the Western United States SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE altered fire regimes; human population growth; invasive species; land degradation; research and management strategies; semiarid regions ID BROMUS-TECTORUM; NORTH-AMERICA; CHEATGRASS; CLIMATE; MODEL; US AB Like many arid and semiarid regions, the Great Basin of the western United States is undergoing major ecological, social, and economic changes that are having widespread detrimental effects on the structure, composition, and function of native ecosystems. The causes of change are highly interactive and include urban, suburban, and exurban growth, past and present land uses, climate change, altered fire regimes, and rapid expansion of invasive species. Cumulative effects include vegetation type conversions, loss of watershed functioning, loss of native species, and diminished economic potential. The diversity and magnitude of issues require consensus on priority issues, and new and innovative research and management approaches that address larger spatial scales and longer time scales than in the past. Primary research coupled with large-scale assessments and effective monitoring strategies is needed to understand and track the ongoing changes. Prediction and modeling of alternative futures are needed for incorporation into the planning process and use as a basis for adaptive management, and management tools are needed to aid decision-making and implementation. Historically, research and management in arid and semiarid regions such as the Great Basin have been severely under-funded and altering current trajectories will require financial resources, political support, and effective policies and institutional mechanisms. Sustaining the ecosystems, resources, and human populations of these regions will require strong collaborative partnerships among research and management organizations to reduce overlap, leverage funds, and increase efficiency. Close involvement of all stakeholders is needed to obtain the needed support for making necessary changes in policies and management activities. C1 [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Wisdom, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Chambers, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jchambers@fs.fed.us NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 EI 1526-100X J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 17 IS 5 BP 707 EP 714 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00588.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496MO UT WOS:000269978600017 ER PT J AU Wisdom, MJ Chambers, JC AF Wisdom, Michael J. Chambers, Jeanne C. TI A Landscape Approach for Ecologically Based Management of Great Basin Shrublands SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cheatgrass; disturbance; resistance; sagebrush; Sage-grouse; woodlands ID CHEATGRASS BROMUS-TECTORUM; INTERIOR COLUMBIA BASIN; SAGE-GROUSE; TRANSITION MODELS; PERSISTENCE; THRESHOLDS; RESILIENCE; INVASIONS; USA AB Native shrublands dominate the Great Basin of western of North America, and most of these communities are at moderate or high risk of loss from non-native grass invasion and woodland expansion. Landscape-scale management based on differences in ecological resistance and resilience of shrublands can reduce these risks. We demonstrate this approach with an example that focuses on maintenance of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats for Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a bird species threatened by habitat loss. The approach involves five steps: (1) identify the undesired disturbance processes affecting each shrubland community type; (2) characterize the resistance and resilience of each shrubland type in relation to the undesired processes; (3) assess potential losses of shrublands based on their resistance, resilience, and associated risk; (4) use knowledge from these steps to design a landscape strategy to mitigate the risk of shrubland loss; and (5) implement the strategy with a comprehensive set of active and passive management prescriptions. Results indicate that large areas of the Great Basin currently provide Sage-grouse habitats, but many areas of sagebrush with low resistance and resilience may be lost to continued woodland expansion or invasion by non-native annual grasses. Preventing these losses will require landscape strategies that prioritize management areas based on efficient use of limited resources to maintain the largest shrubland areas over time. Landscape-scale approaches, based on concepts of resistance and resilience, provide an essential framework for successful management of arid and semiarid shrublands and their native species. C1 [Wisdom, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Wisdom, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM mwisdom@fs.fed.us FU Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountain Research Stations, USDA Forest Service FX We thank Erica Fleishman, Matthias Leu, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on our paper. Jennifer Boyd assisted with mapping and analysis. The Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountain Research Stations, USDA Forest Service, provided essential support for this work. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 17 IS 5 BP 740 EP 749 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00591.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496MO UT WOS:000269978600021 ER PT J AU Zhen, C Taylor, JL Muth, MK Leibtag, E AF Zhen, Chen Taylor, Justin L. Muth, Mary K. Leibtag, Ephraim TI Understanding Differences in Self-Reported Expenditures between Household Scanner Data and Diary Survey Data: A Comparison of Homescan and Consumer Expenditure Survey SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID MEASUREMENT ERROR MODELS; US MEAT DEMAND; UNITED-STATES; FAT CONSUMPTION; INFORMATION; ESTIMATOR; OVERCOME; PRICES; IMPACT; FRESH AB Household scanner data contain rich information on household demographics and transactions in actual markets over a long time period. To more fully understand the characteristics of these data, we conducted an analysis to determine whether household expenditures in the Nielsen Homescan panel are similar to the Bureau of Labor Statistic's Consumer Expenditure Diary Survey. We found that many differences in reported expenditures across the two datasets can be explained by such household demographics as female head, income, and household size, for example. The largest degrees of discrepancies across datasets occur for food categories containing more random-weight foods without universal product codes. C1 [Zhen, Chen; Muth, Mary K.] RTI Int, Food & Agr Policy Res Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Taylor, Justin L.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Leibtag, Ephraim] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Zhen, C (reprint author), RTI Int, Food & Agr Policy Res Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RI Muth, John/E-9027-2012 OI Muth, John/0000-0002-2488-7721 FU USDA ERS [53-3K06-06-1302] FX Funded by Contract 53-3K06-06-1302 with USDA ERS. The authors wish to thank J-P Dube, Aviv Nevo, Tim Richards and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions, and Peter Siegel for statistical assistance. All remaining errors are that of authors. Views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not reflect official USDA policy positions on these issues. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 31 IS 3 BP 470 EP 492 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2009.01449.x PG 23 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 493BA UT WOS:000269706900005 ER PT J AU Wang, ZG Yuan, HN Gale, F AF Wang, Zhigang Yuan, Huina Gale, Fred TI Costs of Adopting a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point System: Case Study of a Chinese Poultry Processing Firm SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID FOOD-SAFETY REGULATION; HACCP AB Implementation of a hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system by a Chinese poultry processing company required significant initial investments and greater monthly operation costs, including measures needed to meet prerequisite standard sanitary operating practices. HACCP benefits perceived by managers were diverse and difficult to ascertain-access to export markets seems to be the chief benefit. Large-scale, export-oriented plants appear to be able to bear the costs of HACCP implementation, but costs may be a greater barrier for smaller Chinese companies serving the domestic market. C1 [Wang, Zhigang; Yuan, Huina] Renmin Univ China, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gale, Fred] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Wang, ZG (reprint author), Renmin Univ China, Beijing, Peoples R China. FU Beijing Natural Science Foundation [9062007]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [70473095, 70773115] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 9062007); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70473095 and No. 70773115). The views expressed here are those of the authors, and may not be attributed to Renmin University of China or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 31 IS 3 BP 574 EP 588 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2009.01454.x PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 493BA UT WOS:000269706900010 ER PT J AU Lambert, D Wojan, T Sullivan, P AF Lambert, Dayton Wojan, Tim Sullivan, Patrick TI Farm Business and Household Expenditure Patterns and Local Communities: Evidence from a National Farm Survey SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB Farm operators are an integral part of some rural economies. The businesses they operate support jobs and purchase goods and services from local implement and input suppliers. Farm household spending on food, furniture and appliances, trucks and automobiles, and a range of consumer goods also supports local jobs and retail businesses. Based on the 2004 Agricultural Resource Management Survey, the linkages between farm household and business expenditures and communities are explored. Farms in urban areas purchase household goods in markets closest to the farmstead, but traveled further to purchase farm business items. The opposite pattern was observed in rural locations. C1 [Lambert, Dayton] Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wojan, Tim; Sullivan, Patrick] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Lambert, D (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. FU USDA-ERS [586-000-70074]; University of Tennessee FX This research was funded with the research cooperative agreement #586-000-70074 between USDA-ERS and the University of Tennessee. The views expressed are those of the authors' and do not necessarily reflect those of the University of Tennessee, the Economic Research Service or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD FAL PY 2009 VL 31 IS 3 BP 604 EP 626 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2009.01456.x PG 23 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 493BA UT WOS:000269706900012 ER PT J AU Garza, HMQ Delgado, JA Wong, JAC Lindemann, WC AF Quiroga Garza, Hector Mario Delgado, Jorge A. Cueto Wong, Jose Antonio Lindemann, William C. TI N-15 UPTAKE FOM MANURE AND FERTILIZER SOURCES BY THREE CONSECUTIVE CROPS UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIA DO SOLO LA English DT Article DE denitrification; nitrogen use efficiency; annual ryegrass; salinity; sudangrass ID NORTH CHINA PLAIN; COMPOST APPLICATIONS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; CROPPING SYSTEM; DAIRY MANURE; NITRATE; ENVIRONMENT; STRATEGIES; EMISSIONS; DYNAMICS AB There are several regions of the world where soil N analysis and/or N budgets are not used to determine how much N to apply, resulting in higher than needed N inputs, especially when manure is used. One such region is the North Central "La Comarca Lagunera", one of the most important dairy production areas of Mexico. We conducted a unique controlled greenhouse study using N-15 fertilizer and N-15 isotopic-labeled manure that was labeled under local conditions to monitor N cycling and recovery under higher N inputs. The manure-N treatment was applied only once and was incorporated in the soil before planting the first forage crop at an equivalent rate of 30, 60 and 120 Mg ha(-1) dry manure. The N-15 treatments were equivalent to 120 and 240 kg ha(-1) (NH4)(2)SO4-N for each crop. The total N fertilizer for each N fertilized treatment were 360, and 720 kg ha(-1) N. We found very low N recoveries: about 9 % from the manure N inputs, lower than the 22 to 25 % from the fertilizer N inputs. The manure N recovered belowground in soil and roots ranged from 82 to 88 %. The low recoveries of N by the aboveground and low soil inorganic nitrate (NO3-N) and ammonium (NH4-N) content after the third harvested suggested that most of the N-15 recovered belowground was in the soil organic form. The losses from manure N inputs ranged from 3 to 11 %, lower than the 34 to 39 % lost from fertilizer N sources. Our study shows that excessive applications of manure or fertilizer N that are traditionally used in this region will not increase the rate of N uptake by aboveground compartment but will increase the potential for N losses to the environment. C1 [Quiroga Garza, Hector Mario] INIFAP, Matamoros 27440, Coahuila, Mexico. [Delgado, Jorge A.] ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Cueto Wong, Jose Antonio] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lindemann, William C.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Garza, HMQ (reprint author), INIFAP, Blvd Jose S Valdez 1200 Pte, Matamoros 27440, Coahuila, Mexico. EM quiroga.mario@inifap.gob.mx; jorge.delgado@ars.usda.gov; cueto.jose@inifap.gob.mx; wlindema@nmsu.edu FU CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [35071- B]; INIFAP, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias, Mexico FX Financial support was provided by CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (research project 35071- B) in collaboration with INIFAP, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias, Mexico. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIA DO SOLO PI VICOSA PA C P 231, BR-36571-000 VICOSA, MG, BRAZIL SN 0100-0683 J9 REV BRAS CIENC SOLO JI Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1249 EP 1258 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 543MO UT WOS:000273582400018 ER PT J AU Koch, FH Yemshanov, D McKenney, DW Smith, WD AF Koch, Frank H. Yemshanov, Denys McKenney, Daniel W. Smith, William D. TI Evaluating Critical Uncertainty Thresholds in a Spatial Model of Forest Pest Invasion Risk SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; parametric uncertainty; pest risk mapping; stochastic modeling; sensitivity analysis ID SIREX-NOCTILIO HYMENOPTERA; HUMAN-MEDIATED DISPERSAL; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; UNITED-STATES; POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; ALIEN PLANT; CANADA; SPREAD AB Pest risk maps can provide useful decision support in invasive species management, but most do not adequately consider the uncertainty associated with predicted risk values. This study explores how increased uncertainty in a risk model's numeric assumptions might affect the resultant risk map. We used a spatial stochastic model, integrating components for entry, establishment, and spread, to estimate the risks of invasion and their variation across a two-dimensional landscape for Sirex noctilio, a nonnative woodwasp recently detected in the United States and Canada. Here, we present a sensitivity analysis of the mapped risk estimates to variation in key model parameters. The tested parameter values were sampled from symmetric uniform distributions defined by a series of nested bounds (+/- 5%, ... , +/- 40%) around the parameters' initial values. The results suggest that the maximum annual spread distance, which governs long-distance dispersal, was by far the most sensitive parameter. At +/- 15% or larger variability bound increments for this parameter, there were noteworthy shifts in map risk values, but no other parameter had a major effect, even at wider bounds of variation. The methodology presented here is generic and can be used to assess the impact of uncertainties on the stability of pest risk maps as well as to identify geographic areas for which management decisions can be made confidently, regardless of uncertainty. C1 [Yemshanov, Denys; McKenney, Daniel W.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Koch, Frank H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Koch, Frank H.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Monitoring Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Smith, William D.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Yemshanov, D (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. EM dyemshan@nrcan.gc.ca RI Koch, Frank/F-2002-2011; OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 FU Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service; North Carolina State University [06-JV-11330146-123, 08-JV-11330146-078] FX The authors extend their gratitude and thanks to Anne Bostelaar and Daniel Sdao (Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service) and Kurt Riitters (USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station) for technical support with large-scale numeric simulations. The participation of Frank Koch was supported by Research Joint Venture Agreements 06-JV-11330146-123 and 08-JV-11330146-078 between the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, North Carolina, and the North Carolina State University. NR 83 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0272-4332 EI 1539-6924 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1227 EP 1241 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01251.x PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 484PO UT WOS:000269059000006 PM 19558391 ER PT J AU Razowski, J Brown, JW AF Razowski, J. Brown, J. W. TI Records of Tortricidae from the Afrotropical Region, with Descriptions of New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SO SHILAP-REVISTA DE LEPIDOPTEROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Tortricidae; Afrotropical; new genera; new species; Uganda; South Africa; Seychelles; Zimbabwe [Rhodesia]; Kenya; Nigeria ID SOUTH-AFRICA; OLETHREUTINAE; MADAGASCAR; MEYRICK; HUBNER AB Two new genera (Nkandla Razowski & Brown, gen. n., and Vacanara Razowski & Brown, gen. n.) and five new species (Neaspasia rhodesiae Razowski & Brown, sp. n., Vacanara caravanica Razowski & Brown, sp. n., Herpystis capeana Razowski & Brown, sp. n., Cosmetra neka Razowski & Brown, sp. n., and Cydia ibadena Razowski & Brown, sp. n.) are described and illustrated from the Afrotropical region. The female genitalia of Eccopsis ptilonota (Meyrick) are described and illustrated for the first time. New records are provided for the following: Accra viridis (Walsingham), Brachiolia amblopis (Meyrick), Lozotaenia capensana (Walker). Metamesia episema Diakonoff, Eccopsis ptilonota (Meyrick), Lobesia vanillana (Joannis), Xenosocia paracremna (Meyrick), and "Argyroploce" calchantis Meyrick. C1 [Razowski, J.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Systemat & Evolut Anim, PL-31016 Krakow, Poland. [Brown, J. W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, PSI,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Razowski, J (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Systemat & Evolut Anim, Slawkowska 17, PL-31016 Krakow, Poland. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC HISPANO-LUSO-AMER LEPIDOPTEROLOGIA-SHILAP PI MADRID PA APARTADO DE CORREOS, 331, MADRID, 28080, SPAIN SN 0300-5267 J9 SHILAP-REV. LEPIDOPT JI Shilap-Revista Lepidopterol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 37 IS 147 BP 371 EP 384 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 506FB UT WOS:000270758300011 ER PT J AU Halvorson, JJ Gonzalez, JM Hagerman, AE Smith, JL AF Halvorson, Jonathan J. Gonzalez, Javier M. Hagerman, Ann E. Smith, Jeffrey L. TI Sorption of tannin and related phenolic compounds and effects on soluble-N in soil SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Rhizosphere CY AUG, 2007 CL Montpellier, FRANCE DE Tannins; Soil organic matter; Soluble-C; Soluble-N; Total phenolics; Tannic acid; Gallic acid; beta-1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose; PGG ID COATED QUARTZ SAND; KALMIA-ANGUSTIFOLIA; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; ACID-PHOSPHATASE; CONDENSED TANNIN; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS AB Some tannins, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, can rapidly affix to soil and affect the solubility of labile soil-N but a more complete understanding of the nature and persistence of tannin-soil interactions is needed. Forest and pasture soils from two depths were treated for 1 h with cool (23 degrees C) water (Control) or solutions that added 10 mg g(-1) soil tannic acid (TA), an. imprecisely defined mixture of galloyl esters, gallic acid (GA), a phenol, or beta-1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG), a hydrolyzable tannin. Soluble-C and N, in treatment supernatants, was measured to uncover evidence for sorption of treatments or effects on extraction of soil-N. Significant amounts of soluble-C, added with treatments, were not recovered in supernatants indicating sorption of nearly 90% of the PGG-C. about 75% of the TA-C but less than 25% of the GA-C in surface soil. Disappearance of soluble-C from treatment supernatants was accompanied by a corresponding reduction of total phenolic content. Treatments added a negligible amount of N to soil; but while PGG and TA reduced soluble-N, in extracts from surface soil, GA had little effect. Soluble-N in extracts was composed mainly of organic-N. Effects of tannins persisted in surface soil through 12 washings with hot water (80 degrees C), suggesting the formation of stable complexes with soil. The proportion of initial soil-C and N remaining after all extractions was higher in samples treated with PGG or TA than either the Control or GA treatment. We conclude PGG readily sorbs to soil and reduces the solubility of soil organic-N unlike GA, its simple monomeric constituent. These differences could be especially important near the surface where quantities of soil organic matter and biological activity are comparatively large and most easily affected by management. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Halvorson, Jonathan J.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Hagerman, Ann E.] Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Smith, Jeffrey L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Halvorson, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM jonathan.halvorson@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 41 IS 9 BP 2002 EP 2010 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.07.006 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 496RW UT WOS:000269995100030 ER PT J AU Phillips, RL Podrebarac, F AF Phillips, Rebecca L. Podrebarac, Frances TI Net fluxes of CO2, but not N2O or CH4, are affected following agronomic-scale additions of urea to prairie and arable soils SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Rhizosphere CY AUG, 2007 CL Montpellier, FRANCE DE Soil respiration; Urea; Fertilization; Carbon; Nitrogen ID METHANE OXIDATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FOREST; DENITRIFICATION; NITRIFICATION; TEMPERATURES; ECOSYSTEMS; ENRICHMENT; EMISSIONS AB While experimental addition of nitrogen (N) tends to enhance soil fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), it is not known if lower and agronomic-scale additions of urea-N applied also enhance trace gas fluxes, particularly for semi-arid agricultural lands in the northern plains. We aimed to test if this were true at agronomic rates [low (11 kg N ha(-1)), moderate (56 kg N ha(-1)), and high (112 kg N ha(-1))] for central North Dakota arable and prairie soils using intact soil cores to minimize disturbance and simulate field conditions. Additions of urea to cores incubated at 21 degrees C and 57% water-filled pore space enhanced fluxes Of CO2 but not CH4 and N2O. At low. moderate, and high urea-N, CO2 fluxes were significantly greater than control but not fluxes of CH4 and N2O. The increases in CO2 emission with rate of urea-N application indicate that agronomic-scale N inputs may stimulate microbial carbon cycling in these soils, and that the contribution Of CO2 to net greenhouse gas source strength following fertilization of semi-arid agroecosystems may at times be greater than contributions by N2O and CH4. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Phillips, Rebecca L.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Podrebarac, Frances] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, 1701 10th Ave SW,Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM rebecca.phillips@ars.usda.gov RI Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015 OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 41 IS 9 BP 2011 EP 2013 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.06.014 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 496RW UT WOS:000269995100031 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Caesar-TonThat, T Jabro, JD AF Sainju, Upendra M. Caesar-TonThat, Thecan Jabro, Jalal D. TI Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions in Dryland Soil Aggregates Affected by Long-Term Tillage and Cropping Sequence SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATIVE GRASSLAND SOILS; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CULTIVATED SOILS; DIFFERENT SIZES; GREAT-PLAINS; COVER CROPS; WATER; MINERALIZATION; DENITRIFICATION AB Tillage and cropping sequence may influence C and N sequestration, microbial activities, and N mineralization in dryland soil aggregates. We evaluated the 21-yr effect of tillage and cropping sequence combinations on C and N fractions in aggregates of a Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls) at the 0- to 20-cm depth in eastern Montana. Tillage and cropping sequences were no-tilled continuous spring wheat (NTCW) (Triticum aestivum L.), spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall- and spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall- and spring-tilled spring wheat-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1984-1999) followed by spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.)(2000-2004)(FSTW-B/P), and spring-tilled spring wheat-fallow (STW-F). Carbon and N fractions were soil organic C (SOC), total N (STN), particulate organic C and N (POC and PON), microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN), potential C and N mineralization (PCM and PNM), NH(4)-N, and NO(3)-N. Aggregate proportion was greater in NTCW than in FSTCW in the 4.75- to 2.00-mm aggregate-size class at 0 to 5 cm bur was greater in STW-F than in STCW in the 2.00- to 0.25-mm size class at 5 to 20 cm. After 21 yr, STW-F reduced SOC, STN, POC, and PON concentrations in aggregates by 34 to 42% at 0- to 5-cm and by 20 to 32% at 5- to 20-cm compared with NTCW and STCW The PCM and MBC were greater in NTCW and STCW than in STW-F in the <2.00-mm size class at 0 to 5 cm but MBN varied with treatments, aggregate-size classes, and soil depths. Compared with other treatments, NH(4)-N concentration was lower in STW-F in the 4.75- to 0.25-mm size class but PNM and NO(3)-N were greater in FSTW-B/P in the <2.00-mm size class. Long-term reduced tillage with continuous spring wheat increased soil aggregation, C and N sequestration, and microbial biomass and activities in all aggregates bur increased tillage intensity with spring wheat-barley/pea rotation increased N mineralization and availability in small aggregates compared with the conventional STW-F. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Caesar-TonThat, Thecan; Jabro, Jalal D.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1488 EP 1495 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0405 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 489IY UT WOS:000269415000006 ER PT J AU Alva, AK Collins, HP Boydston, RA AF Alva, A. K. Collins, H. P. Boydston, R. A. TI Nitrogen Management for Irrigated Potato Production under Conventional and Reduced Tillage SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM TILLAGE; YIELD RESPONSE; FERTILIZER; RUSSET; QUALITY; NITRATE; REQUIREMENTS AB Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) field studies were conducted under center pivot irrigation for 4 yr using large plots and standard industry cultural practices to evaluate tillage effects (reduced vs. conventional) and different N management practices (preplant plus in-season N rates of 56 + 280, 112 + 224, 112 + 336, and 112 + 112 kg N ha(-1)). Despite growing conditions that produced tuber yields up to 80 Mg ha(-1), potato size distribution and tuber specific gravity were similar across different tillage and N management practices with minor exceptions in one out of 4 yr. Reduced tillage avoided four equipment passes compared with conventional tillage. Tuber yield and quality were similar across all N rates. Increasing the frequency of in-season N application from five to 10 at a given N rate did not produce increased tuber yield or improved quality. This study demonstrated no negative effects of reduced tillage for irrigated potato production. The optimal N fertilization program appears to be 112 kg N ha(-1) preplant application and a similar in-season N rate in five applications on a 2-wk interval beginning 4 wk after seedling emergence. Therefore, reduced tillage offers an option for saving energy and labor costs without compromising tuber yield or quality, and thus provides an economic incentive in addition to the benefits of reducing soil erosion and enhancing soil biology and soil quality. C1 [Alva, A. K.; Collins, H. P.; Boydston, R. A.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Alva, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM ashok.alva@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1496 EP 1503 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0144 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 489IY UT WOS:000269415000007 ER PT J AU Vaughan, KL McDaniel, PA AF Vaughan, Karen L. McDaniel, Paul A. TI Organic Soils on Basaltic Lava Flows in a Cool, Arid Environment SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FOREST FLOOR; CLASSIFICATION; WISCONSIN; HISTOSOLS; ALASKA; PEATS AB Holocene-aged basaltic lava flows offer a unique opportunity to study the initial stages of soil formation. In the cool, dry climate at Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve (CROM) in southern Idaho, organic soils (Histosols in Soil Taxonomy) are the dominant soil on recent lava surfaces. Unsaturated Histosols, or Folists (Folic Histosols in World Reference Base [WRB]), occupy crevices and depressions on the lava surface and support vegetation adapted for life in this harsh environment. These soils are comprised of either a thin fibric (Oi horizon) over a hemic (Oe horizon) or a single, relatively homogenous Oe horizon over relatively unweathered basalt bedrock. The parent material for organic soils is biologic rather than geologic in origin with parent vegetation growing in crevices supplying the necessary organic debris. Soil acidity is directly influenced by the type of vegetation growing in the soil, with more acidic leaf litter creating lower pH soils while more alkaline plant debris generates soil with more neutral pH. Within these shallow soils (12-35 cm), organic C content (mean 333 g kg(-1)) is proportional to fiber content and cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and inversely proportional to bulk density. Compared with Folists of wetter climates, those forming at CROM have substantially higher bulk densities with a mean of 0.41 g cm(-3). The influence of loessial mineral material likely accounts for the increased mineral content and subsequent increase in bulk density. Knowledge of the morphological, physical, and chemical properties of Folists at CROM is essential to improve our understanding of the ecological significance of Folists and co-evolution of soils and plant communities in a cool, and environment. C1 [Vaughan, Karen L.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [McDaniel, Paul A.] Univ Idaho, Dep Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Vaughan, KL (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 245 Jimmy Doolittle Rd, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. EM karen.vaughan@ut.usda.gov RI McDaniel, Paul/A-8954-2009 FU United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Resources Conservation Service; Inland Northwest Research Alliance; Subsurface Science Research Institute FX This research was funded in part through a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service and a fellowship awarded by the Inland Northwest Research Alliance, Subsurface Science Research Institute. The authors gratefully acknowledge the hours of field and laboratory assistance by Rob Vaughan, Anita Falen, Erin Morra, Amelia Jurkowska, John Celley, Meagan Gleckler, Idaho NRCS personnel, and Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve staff. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1510 EP 1518 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0257 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 489IY UT WOS:000269415000009 ER PT J AU Serbin, G Daughtry, CST Hunt, ER Brown, DJ McCarty, GW AF Serbin, Guy Daughtry, Craig S. T. Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Brown, David J. McCarty, Gregory W. TI Effect of Soil Spectral Properties on Remote Sensing of Crop Residue Cover SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC-CARBON SEQUESTRATION; INFRARED REFLECTANCE; SURFACE MOISTURE; PLANT LITTER; SYSTEMS; ECONOMICS; EARTH AB Conservation tillage practices often leave appreciable amounts of crop residues on soil surfaces after harvesting and generally improve soil structure, enhance soil organic C (SOC) content, and reduce soil erosion. Remote sensing methods have shown great promise in efficiently estimating crop residue cover, and thus inferring soil tillage intensity. Furthermore, these tillage intensity estimates can be used in soil C models. Reflectance spectra of more than 4200 soils and 80 crop residues were measured in the laboratory across the 350- to 2500-nm wavelength region. Six remote sensing spectral indices were used to estimate crop residue cover: the Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI), the Lignin- Cellulose Absorption Index (LCA), the Normalized Difference Tillage Index (NDTI.), the Normalized Difference Senescent Vegetation Index (NDSVI), and the Normalized Difference Indices 5 and 7 (ND15 and ND17, respectively). Soil mineralogy and SOC affected these spectral indices for crop residue cover more than soil taxonomic order, which generally had little effect on spectral reflectance. The values of the spectral indices for soils were similar within Land Resource Regions and, specifically, for Major Land Resource Areas. The CAI showed the best separation between soils and residues, followed by LCA and NDTI. Although NDSVI, ND15, and ND17 had significant overlaps between soil and residue index values, assessments of crop residue cover classes may be possible with local calibrations. Future satellite sensors should include appropriate bands for assessing crop residue and nonphotosynthetic vegetation. C1 [Serbin, Guy] ASRC Management Serv, USDA, FAS Off Global Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Daughtry, Craig S. T.; Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; McCarty, Gregory W.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Brown, David J.] Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Serbin, G (reprint author), ASRC Management Serv, USDA, FAS Off Global Anal, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Rm 4646, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM guy.serbin@gmail.com RI Brown, David/A-2002-2009; Serbin, Guy/K-7836-2013 OI Serbin, Guy/0000-0001-9345-1772 NR 59 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1545 EP 1558 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0311 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 489IY UT WOS:000269415000013 ER PT J AU Polyakov, VO Kimoto, A Nearing, MA Nichols, MH AF Polyakov, V. O. Kimoto, A. Nearing, M. A. Nichols, M. H. TI Tracing Sediment Movement on a Semiarid Watershed using Rare Earth Elements SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; MAGNETIC TRACER; CESIUM-137; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; OXIDES; IDENTIFICATION; CATCHMENT; LANDSCAPE AB A multi-tracer method employing rare earth elements (REE) was used to determine sediment yield and to track sediment movement in a small semiarid watershed. A 0.33-ha watershed near Tombstone, AZ was divided into five morphological units, each tagged with one of five REE oxides. Relative contribution of each unit to the total sediment yield was determined by collecting runoff and sediment, and the spatial redistribution of sediment was determined from sampling the soil surface. Average sediment yield was 1.0 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) from the entire watershed, but varied between 0.1 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) from the upper slope to 5.0 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) from the lower channel. Little re-deposition occurred in the channels indicating an effective transport system. The erosion pattern and rates were in agreement with the current morphology of the watershed, which has a well-developed channel network. C1 [Polyakov, V. O.; Nearing, M. A.; Nichols, M. H.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Kimoto, A.] Pima Cty Reg Flood Control, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. RP Polyakov, VO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM viktor.polyakov@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1559 EP 1565 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0378 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 489IY UT WOS:000269415000014 ER PT J AU Schomberg, HH Wietholter, S Griffin, TS Reeves, DW Cabrera, ML Fisher, DS Endale, DM Novak, JM Balkcom, KS Raper, RL Kitchen, NR Locke, MA Potter, KN Schwartz, RC Truman, CC Tyler, DD AF Schomberg, Harry H. Wietholter, Sirio Griffin, Timothy S. Reeves, D. Wayne Cabrera, Miguel L. Fisher, Dwight S. Endale, Dinku M. Novak, Jeff M. Balkcom, Kip S. Raper, Randy L. Kitchen, Newell R. Locke, Martin A. Potter, Kenneth N. Schwartz, Robert C. Truman, Clinton C. Tyler, Don D. TI Assessing Indices for Predicting Potential Nitrogen Mineralization in Soils under Different Management Systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AVAILABLE ORGANIC NITROGEN; N MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CHEMICAL METHODS; MATTER; EXTRACTION; FERTILIZATION; DECOMPOSITION; DISTILLATION; FRACTIONS AB A reliable laboratory index of N availability would be useful for making N recommendations, but no single approach has received broad acceptance across a wide range of soils. We compared several indices over a range of soil conditions to test the possibility of combining indices for predicting potentially mineralizable N (N-0). Soils (0-5 and 5-15 cm) from nine tillage studies across the southern USA were used in the evaluations. Long-term incubation data were fit to a first-order exponential equation to determine N-0, k (mineralization rate), andN(0)* (N-0 estimated with a fixed k equal to 0.054 wk(-1)). Out of 13 indices, five [total C (TC), total N (TN), N mineralized by hot KCl (Hot_N), anaerobic N (Ana_N), and N mineralized in 24 d (Nmin_24)] were strongly correlated to N-0 (r > 0.85) and had linear regressions with r(2) > 0.60. None of the indices were good predictors of k. Correlations between indices and N-0* improved compared with No, ranging from r = 0.90 to 0.95. Total N and flush of CO2 determined after 3 d (Fl_CO2) produced the best multiple regression for predicting No (R-2 = 0.85) while the best combination for predicting Cold_N, and NaOH_N. Combining indices appears N-0(*) (R-2 = 0.94) included TN, Fl_CO2 promising for predicting potentially mineralizable N, and because TN and Fl_CO2 are rapid and simple, this approach could be easily adopted by soil testing laboratories. C1 [Schomberg, Harry H.; Reeves, D. Wayne; Fisher, Dwight S.; Endale, Dinku M.] ARS, USDA J Phil Campbell, Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Wietholter, Sirio] Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria Embrapa, BR-99001970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. [Griffin, Timothy S.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Georgia, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Novak, Jeff M.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Balkcom, Kip S.; Raper, Randy L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Kitchen, Newell R.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Locke, Martin A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Potter, Kenneth N.] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Schwartz, Robert C.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Conserv Prod Rese Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Truman, Clinton C.] ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Tyler, Don D.] Univ Tennessee, Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci Dep, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Griffin, Timothy S.] ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Res Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Schomberg, HH (reprint author), ARS, USDA J Phil Campbell, Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM harry.schomberg@ars.usda.gov FU LABEX-USA program; USDK's Agricultural Research Service (ARS); Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA); ARS Office of International Research Programs FX This research was supported in part through the LABEX-USA program, a cooperative effort of USDK's Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA). We are indebted to Dr. Pedro Arraes, LABEX Coordinator during the project and Ms. Gretchen Flanley from the ARS Office of International Research Programs for support throughout the project. We thank Robin Woodroof, Nathan Tyson, Robert Martin, Anthony Dillard, Steven Knapp, Alan Franzluebbers, Stephen Norris, Stephanie Steed, Juan Rodriguez, and John Rema for their assistance in many activities and analyses, and to the numerous support personnel who dedicated many hours to maintenance of the research sites used in this Study. NR 61 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 42 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1575 EP 1586 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0303 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 489IY UT WOS:000269415000016 ER PT J AU Nemes, A Timlin, DJ Pachepsky, YA Rawls, WJ AF Nemes, A. Timlin, D. J. Pachepsky, Ya. A. Rawls, W. J. TI Evaluation of the Rawls et al. (1982) Pedotransfer Functions for their Applicability at the US National Scale SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER RETENTION; NEAREST-NEIGHBOR TECHNIQUE; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; DATABASE; MODELS AB Large scale environmental impact studies typically involve the use of simulation models and require a variety of inputs, some of which may need to be estimated when adequate measured data are absent. As an example, soil water retention needs to be estimated for a large number of soils that are to be used in the context of the US. national scale Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). Use of a set of well known linear regression based pedotransfer functions (PTFs) developed in 1982 was proposed to address such data need. Examination of the underlying data as well as comparative estimations to an independent US-wide data set revealed that the proposed equations were most likely meant to use organic carbon (OC) data in place of the reported organic matter (OM) data. Other discrepancies-possibly due to misreporting-were also found in a large portion of the OM data. These PTFs were also developed from data originating from only 18 U.S. states-and 48% of them dominated by 3 US. states-while major cropland states/regions were barely or not represented at all. Resulting estimations showed non-random, distribution of estimation residuals (i.e., bias) that could however be corrected with data transformations and by using a k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm as an alternative PTF technique. We recommend that the PTF equations proposed in 1982 not be used in the context of the US. national scale CEAP project. Alternative solutions should ensure the proper representation of U.S. soils and their properties. C1 [Nemes, A.] Univ Maryland, Dep Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Timlin, D. J.] ARS, USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pachepsky, Ya. A.] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rawls, W. J.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nemes, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, 2102 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM attila.nemes@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 24 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1638 EP 1645 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0298 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 489IY UT WOS:000269415000022 ER PT J AU Shi, X Long, R Dekett, R Philippe, J AF Shi, X. Long, R. Dekett, R. Philippe, J. TI Integrating Different Types of Knowledge for Digital Soil Mapping SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FUZZY-LOGIC; EXPERT-SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION; INFORMATION; SCIENCE; MODEL; GIS; DEM AB Analysis of the sod scientists' knowledge provides guidelines for the development of knowledge-based digital soil mapping (DSM) methodologies and software tools. Literature addressing the analysis and integration of different types of soil scientists' knowledge is limited. We analyze the knowledge from the perspectives of scale and space. We distinguish global knowledge that covers the entire mapping area and local knowledge that is only applicable to certain local regions. We also distinguish knowledge represented by environmental values in parametrical space and knowledge represented by locations in geographical space. Rule-based reasoning (RBR) is proposed for handling the global knowledge in parametrical space, global case-based reasoning (CBR) for the global knowledge in geographical space, and local CBR for the local knowledge in geographical space. The final soil mapping products should represent an integration of knowledge and inferences of all different types. A software tool, named Soil Inference Engine (SIE), was developed to facilitate an eight-step integrated RBR-CBR DSM process. The SIE was tested in a pilot project in northern Vermont and proved to be effective. The soil scientist working on the project was generally satisfied with the results from SIE, in terms of both quality and cost. C1 [Shi, X.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Long, R.; Dekett, R.; Philippe, J.] USDA NRCS, St Johnsbury, VT 05819 USA. RP Shi, X (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Geog, 6017 Fairchild, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM xun.shi@dartmouth.edu FU USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) [53-7482-5-466] FX Support from USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), under Agreement No. 53-7482-5-466 is gratefully acknowledged. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1682 EP 1692 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0158 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 489IY UT WOS:000269415000028 ER PT J AU Tolk, JA Evett, SR AF Tolk, Judy A. Evett, Steven R. TI Lysimetry versus Neutron Moisture Meter for Evapotranspiration Determination in Four Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Knowledge of evapotranspiration (ET) is vital for the management of our freshwater resources. One method for determining ET is through the measurement of the soil water balance, where ET is the residual calculated from the change in soil water storage plus precipitation and irrigation and minus drainage and runoff. The objective of this research was to compare the ET calculations where the change in soil water storage was measured using the neutron moisture meter (NMM), or ETNMM, vs. using weighing lysimeters (ETLYS) in four soils. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was grown in 2006 and 2007 in weighing lysimeters with NMM access tubes and drainage systems. The soil textures ranged from fine sand to clay loam. The ETNMM was <= 4% of the ETLYS for the clay loam and sandy loam soils, but ETNMM was 8% less than ETLYS in the fine sand due to errors created by the timing of drainage and NMM measurements. At ETLYS amounts <50 turn, the difference between ETLYS and ETNMM for individual measurement intervals could be as much as 28 mm and the average ETNMM/ETLYS ratios as much as 1.20. Beyond 100 turn of ETLYS, the average ETNMM/ETLYS ratios became near 1.0 except for the fine sand, where unmeasured drainage out of the NMM sensor zone resulted in an underestimation of ET. When all other soil water balance components were quantified, a field-calibrated NMM accurately determined the change in soil water storage for the calculation of ET in three of the four soils. C1 [Tolk, Judy A.; Evett, Steven R.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Judy.Tolk@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1693 EP 1698 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0037 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 489IY UT WOS:000269415000029 ER PT J AU Eitel, JUH Long, DS Gessier, PE Hunt, ER Brown, DJ AF Eitel, J. U. H. Long, D. S. Gessier, P. E. Hunt, E. R., Jr. Brown, D. J. TI Sensitivity of Ground-Based Remote Sensing Estimates of Wheat Chlorophyll Content to Variation in Soil Reflectance SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; MODEL; CORN; LEAF; REQUIREMENTS; PREDICTION; SPECTRA AB Spectral indices (SI) derived from crop reflectance data are sensitive to chlorophyll a and b content (Chl). However, the SI-Chl relationship might be confounded by variation in leaf area index (LAI) and soil background reflectance, especially in semiarid environments where water determines crop growth. This study evaluated the sensitivity of SI to variation in soil reflectance and how this may affect overall SI performance for ground-based sensing of Chl in dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Selected SI were computed from spectra simulated by the PROSPECT-SAIL radiative-transfer model for 5 LAI values, 7 Chl values, and 121 dry soil surface reflectance spectra. These spectra represented soils across major wheat growing areas in the United States. Soil properties and reflectance varied widely among the soils indicated by the high SI variation for LAI values < 1.5. Overall, soil background variation contributed less to the observed SI variability (<6%) than LAI (<97%). Combined indices [i.e., Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE)/Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Modified Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index (MCARI)/Second Modified Triangular Vegetation Index (MTVI)] were least affected by soil background variation than single indices (i.e., NDVI). Results showed that ground sensing of Chl may be improved by means of combined indices that are resistant to soil background and LAI. Empirical measurements verified that the modeling results were a reliable representation of the influence of Chl, LAI, and soil on canopy reflectance. Further research is needed to evaluate the effect of soil Moisture, surface toughness, residue, growth stage, and shadow on SI. C1 [Long, D. S.] Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Lab, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Eitel, J. U. H.; Gessier, P. E.] Univ Idaho, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hunt, E. R., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Brown, D. J.] Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Long, DS (reprint author), Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Lab, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM dan.long@ars.usda.gov RI Brown, David/A-2002-2009 FU The US.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund [IS-3588-04] FX This research was supported by Research Grant Award No. IS-3588-04 from The US.-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, and a trust agreement with John Deere Agri Services. Grateful appreciation EO the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Use of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement by the USDA. NR 42 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1715 EP 1723 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0288 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 489IY UT WOS:000269415000032 ER PT J AU Wei, H Nearing, MA Stone, JJ Guertin, DP Spaeth, KE Pierson, FB Nichols, MH Moffet, CA AF Wei, H. Nearing, M. A. Stone, J. J. Guertin, D. P. Spaeth, K. E. Pierson, F. B. Nichols, M. H. Moffet, C. A. TI A New Splash and Sheet Erosion Equation for Rangelands (vol 73, pg 1386, 2009) SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Wei, H.; Nearing, M. A.; Stone, J. J.; Guertin, D. P.; Spaeth, K. E.; Pierson, F. B.; Nichols, M. H.; Moffet, C. A.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Wei, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1754 EP 1754 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0061er PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 489IY UT WOS:000269415000036 ER PT J AU Tewolde, H Shankle, MW Adeli, A Sistani, KR Rowe, DE AF Tewolde, H. Shankle, M. W. Adeli, A. Sistani, K. R. Rowe, D. E. TI Macronutrient concentration in plant parts of cotton fertilized with broiler litter in a marginal upland soil SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Poultry litter; Manure; Incorporation; Tillage; Tissue nutrients ID POULTRY LITTER; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; TILL COTTON; LINT YIELD; NO-TILL; NITROGEN; RUNOFF; EXTRACTION AB Effectiveness of surface-applied unincorporated broiler litter as a fertilizer relative to conventional inorganic fertilizers under no-till or conventional-till cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) production systems in the upland soils of the southern and southeastern USA is not well documented. The objectives of this research were to (1) test if broiler litter improves plant macronutrient (N, P, K, and Mg) nutrition of cotton above that of cotton fertilized with conventional inorganic fertilizers and (2) determine if lack of incorporating litter into the soil reduces macronutrient concentration in cotton plant parts in an upland soil considered marginal for cotton. Six treatments consisting of an unfertilized control, a fertilized standard (STD), two litter-only, and two litter plus inorganic N as urea-ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) were tested in two adjacent fields, one under no-till (NT) and the other under conventional-till (CT) systems. Litter alone, UAN, or a combination of litter plus UAN were applied to supply 101 kg ha(-1) plant available N assuming nearly all of the UAN-N and 50% of the total litter N becomes plant available during the cotton growing season. Concentration of N, P, K, and Mg were measured in leaves, stems, and reproductive parts on three or four dates between early flowering and maturity. Cotton fertilized with the litter-only treatments always had less N concentration but greater P and K concentration in leaves, stems, and reproductive parts than cotton that received the STD treatment. Leaf and stem Mg concentration seems to depend on the N concentration in these plant parts. Lack of incorporating litter into the soil reduced N concentration in nearly all plant parts at all growth stages, suggesting some amount of the litter-derived N is lost due to lack of incorporation. Lack of incorporation also reduced leaf and stem Mg concentration, which seemed to be due to its reducing effect on N concentration. Unlike N and Mg, lack of incorporation did not consistently affect concentrations of P and K in all plant parts. Regardless of the incorporation treatment, fertilization with the litter-only treatments increased tissue P and K concentration and supported lint yield exceeding that of the STD without increasing tissue N concentration. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tewolde, H.; Adeli, A.] USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Shankle, M. W.] Mississippi State Univ, Pontotoc, MS 38863 USA. [Sistani, K. R.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Rowe, D. E.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Tewolde, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, 810 Hwy 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM haile.tewolde@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.still.2009.04.007 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 507OC UT WOS:000270863000001 ER PT J AU Quinones-Pando, FJ Tarango-River, SH Blanco, CA AF Javier Quinones-Pando, Francisco Hector Tarango-River, Socoro Blanco, Carlos A. TI Effect of Two Insecticides on Hickory Shuckworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Predators of Pecan Pests SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ECDYSONE AGONIST; TEBUFENOZIDE; HYMENOPTERA; NEUROPTERA AB Tebufenozide and chlorpyrifos were evaluated in the laboratory and field to find an insecticide more compatible with integrated pest management for pecan, Cary illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch. Different developmental stages (eggs, larvae, and/or adults) of six predators of pecan aphids were exposed to the insecticides. Control of hickory shuckworm, Cydia caryana (Fitch), by the insecticides and selectivity to native predators of pecan aphids were also tested in commercial orchards. Tebufenozide had no significant adverse effect on coccinellids, but killed eggs of the lacewings Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) and adults of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens. Chlorpyrifos was very toxic to all stages of crysopids, exhibiting ovicidal activity on multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). Both insecticides were effective in controlling hickory shuckworm in the field. Tebufenozide applied in orchards was innocuous, while chlorpyrifos killed beneficial insects. Chlorpyrifos significantly reduced the number of blackmargined aphids, Monellia caryella (Fitch). Tebufenozide because of its effectiveness in controlling hickory shuckworm and less detrimental impact on beneficial fauna is recommended rather than chlorpyrifos for integrated pest management. Also, tebufenozide is less toxic to human health and the environment. C1 [Blanco, Carlos A.] ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Javier Quinones-Pando, Francisco; Hector Tarango-River, Socoro] INIFAP, Cd Delicias, Chihuahua, Mexico. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Insect Management Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM carlos.blanco@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.3958/059.034.0304 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 519GK UT WOS:000271752800004 ER PT J AU Temeyer, KB AF Temeyer, Kevin B. TI Nutritional Limitation on Growth and Development of Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS DIPTERA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; FLIES DIPTERA; EGG-YOLK; FACE FLY; CATTLE; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; BIOASSAYS; MANURE AB Aging of bovine dung for 3-5 years under refrigeration resulted in smaller sizes of horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), pupae. Growth of horn fly larvae in mixtures of aged and fresh dung resulted in production of larvae and pupae stunted in proportion to the relative amount of aged dung. Reduction of size of pupae produced in aged dung was because of nutrient limitation, which was partially reversible by supplementation with a bacteriological medium or yeast extract that increased the numbers of bacteria for consumption by horn fly larvae. Similar stunting of growth and development of horn fly larvae was produced by crowding larvae in fresh bovine dung. Stunting was dependent on the amount of larval crowding, with greater larval densities resulting in smaller individuals but greater aggregate pupal weight, suggesting that stunting at great larval density resulted from phagoinhibition rather than depletion of nutrients in the fresh dung. Successful eclosion of adult horn flies was dependent (0.9578 correlation) on pupal size between 1.0 and 2.7 mg. The smaller size limit for pupae that were successful in eclosion of adult flies was about 1.0 mg, compared to an average weight for horn fly pupae of 4.2 mg. Implications for modeling and control of horn flies are discussed. C1 ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, REE, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Temeyer, KB (reprint author), ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, REE, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.3958/059.034.0307 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 519GK UT WOS:000271752800007 ER PT J AU Goolsby, JA Pfannenstiel, RS Evans, GA AF Goolsby, John A. Pfannenstiel, Robert S. Evans, Gregory A. TI New State Record for the Silverleaf Whitefly Parasitoid Encarsia sophia in Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 [Goolsby, John A.; Pfannenstiel, Robert S.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX USA. [Evans, Gregory A.] Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Goolsby, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX USA. EM john.goolsby@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 327 EP 328 DI 10.3958/059.034.0313 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 519GK UT WOS:000271752800013 ER PT J AU Goolsby, JA Moran, P Falk, J Gilbert, L AF Goolsby, John A. Moran, Patrick Falk, Jay Gilbert, Lawrence TI Distribution and Spread of an Adventive Population of the Biological Control Agent Tetramesa romana in Austin, Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GIANT REED C1 [Goolsby, John A.; Moran, Patrick] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX USA. [Falk, Jay; Gilbert, Lawrence] Univ Texas Austin, Brackenridge Field Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Goolsby, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX USA. EM john.goolsby@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 329 EP 330 DI 10.3958/059.034.0314 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 519GK UT WOS:000271752800014 ER PT J AU Valiev, A Ogel, ZB Klepzig, KD AF Valiev, Abduvali Ogel, Zumrut B. Klepzig, Kier D. TI Analysis of cellulase and polyphenol oxidase production by southern pine beetle associated fungi SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE Ceratocystiopsis; Entomocorticium; Ophiostoma; cellulase; tyrosinase/catechol oxidase ID DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; BARK BEETLES; SYMBIOTIC FUNGI; INHIBITION; SCOLYTIDAE AB In this study, the production of extracellular enzymes by fungi associated with southern pine beetle was investigated for the first time. Cellulase and polyphenol oxidase production were analyzed for three beetle associated fungi. Only the mutualistic symbiont Entomocorticium sp. A was found to produce cellulases and polyphenol oxidase. In time course analyses of cellulase production in batch cultures, Entomocorticium sp. A showed maximum activity of 0.109 U/ml and 0.141 U/ml for total cellulase and endoglucanase activity respectively. Polyphenol oxidase production was simultaneous with fungal growth. Characterization of polyphenol oxidase by activity staining suggests that the enzyme is a tyrosinase/catechol oxidase. Enzyme assays in the presence of polyphenol oxidase inhibitors support the results of the activity staining. C1 [Valiev, Abduvali; Ogel, Zumrut B.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Biotechnol, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Ogel, Zumrut B.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Food Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Klepzig, Kier D.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Ogel, ZB (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Biotechnol, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. EM zogel@metu.edu.tr FU Middle East Technical University (METU) research FX This study was financially supported by the Middle East Technical University (METU) research grant. A. Valiev would like to thank Scientific and Technological NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PD SEP PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s13199-009-0007-0 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 523CC UT WOS:000272048100004 ER PT J AU Mulpuri, S Liu, Z Feng, JH Gulya, TJ Jan, CC AF Mulpuri, Sujatha Liu, Zhao Feng, Jiuhuan Gulya, Thomas J. Jan, Chao-Chien TI Inheritance and molecular mapping of a downy mildew resistance gene, Pl (13) in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RFLP LINKAGE MAP; PLASMOPARA-HALSTEDII; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; GENOMIC REGIONS; PL5/PL8 LOCUS; BAC LIBRARY; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; LINES; POLYMORPHISMS AB The inheritance of resistance to sunflower downy mildew (SDM) derived from HA-R5 conferring resistance to nine races of the pathogen has been determined and the new source has been designated as Pl (13) . The F-2 individuals and F-3 families of the cross HA-R5 (resistant) x HA 821 (susceptible) were screened against the four predominant SDM races 300, 700, 730, and 770 in separate tests which indicated dominant control by a single locus or a cluster of tightly linked genes. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was carried out on 116 F-2 individuals with 500 SSR primer pairs that resulted in the identification of 10 SSR markers of linkage groups 1 (9 markers) and 10 (1 marker) of the genetic map (Tang et al. in Theor Appl Genet 105:1124-1136, 2002) that distinguished the bulks. Of these, the SSR marker ORS 1008 of linkage group 10 was tightly linked (0.9 cM) to the Pl (13) gene. Genotyping the F-2 population and linkage analysis with 20 polymorphic primer pairs located on linkage group 10 failed to show linkage of the markers with downy mildew resistance and the ORS 1008 marker. Nevertheless, validation of polymorphic SSR markers of linkage group 1 along with six RFLP-based STS markers of linkage group 12 of the RFLP map of Jan et al. (Theor Appl Genet 96:15-22, 1998) corresponding to linkage group 1 of the SSR map, mapped seven SSR markers (ORS 965-1, ORS 965-2, ORS 959, ORS 371, ORS 716, and ORS 605) including ORS 1008 and one STS marker (STS10D6) to linkage group 1 covering a genetic distance of 65.0 cM. The Pl (13) gene, as a different source with its location on linkage group 1, was flanked by ORS 1008 on one side at a distance of 0.9 cM and ORS 965-1 on another side at a distance of 5.8 cM. These closely linked markers to the Pl (13) gene provide a valuable basis for marker-assisted selection in sunflower breeding programs. C1 [Gulya, Thomas J.; Jan, Chao-Chien] Agr Res Serv, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Mulpuri, Sujatha] Directorate Oilseeds Res, Hyderabad 500030, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Liu, Zhao; Feng, Jiuhuan] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jan, CC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM chaochien.jan@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 119 IS 5 BP 795 EP 803 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1089-z PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 485VN UT WOS:000269153000003 PM 19557383 ER PT J AU Lagudah, ES Krattinger, SG Herrera-Foessel, S Singh, RP Huerta-Espino, J Spielmeyer, W Brown-Guedira, G Selter, LL Keller, B AF Lagudah, Evans S. Krattinger, Simon G. Herrera-Foessel, Sybil Singh, Ravi P. Huerta-Espino, Julio Spielmeyer, Wolfgang Brown-Guedira, Gina Selter, Liselotte L. Keller, Beat TI Gene-specific markers for the wheat gene Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 which confers resistance to multiple fungal pathogens SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LEAF RUST RESISTANCE; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; COMMON WHEAT; STRIPE RUST; DURABLE RESISTANCE; TIP NECROSIS; BREAD WHEAT; LR34; ASSOCIATION; REGION AB The locus Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 confers partial and durable resistance against the devastating fungal pathogens leaf rust, stripe rust, and powdery mildew. In previous studies, this broad-spectrum resistance was shown to be controlled by a single gene which encodes a putative ATP-binding cassette transporter. Alleles of resistant and susceptible cultivars differed by only three sequence polymorphisms and the same resistance haplotype was found in the three independent breeding lineages of Lr34/Yr18/Pm38. Hence, we used these conserved sequence polymorphisms as templates to develop diagnostic molecular markers that will assist selection for durable multi-pathogen resistance in breeding programs. Five allele-specific markers (cssfr1-cssfr5) were developed based on a 3 bp deletion in exon 11 of the Lr34-gene, and one marker (cssfr6) was derived from a single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 12. Validation of reference genotypes, well characterized for the presence or absence of the Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 resistance locus, demonstrated perfect diagnostic values for the newly developed markers. By testing the new markers on a larger set of wheat cultivars, a third Lr34 haplotype, not described so far, was discovered in some European winter wheat and spelt material. Some cultivars with uncertain Lr34 status were re-assessed using the newly derived markers. Unambiguous identification of the Lr34 gene aided by the new markers has revealed that some wheat cultivars incorrectly postulated as having Lr34 may possess as yet uncharacterised loci for adult plant leaf and stripe rust resistance. C1 [Krattinger, Simon G.; Selter, Liselotte L.; Keller, Beat] Univ Zurich, Inst Plant Biol, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. [Lagudah, Evans S.; Spielmeyer, Wolfgang] CSIRO Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Herrera-Foessel, Sybil; Singh, Ravi P.] CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Huerta-Espino, Julio] Campo Expt Valle Mexico INIFAP, Chapingo 56230, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. [Brown-Guedira, Gina] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Keller, B (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Plant Biol, Zollikerstr 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. EM bkeller@botinst.uzh.ch RI Krattinger, Simon/C-2863-2012; OI Keller, Beat/0000-0003-2379-9225 FU Grains Research and Development Corporation [CSP00063]; Indo-Swiss Collaboration in Biotechnology FX We are indebted to the skilled technical support provided by Libby Viccars. This work was funded by the Grains Research and Development Corporation: grant # CSP00063 to CSIRO and project CIM13 to CIMMYT. Further funding was obtained from the Indo-Swiss Collaboration in Biotechnology to BK. NR 25 TC 135 Z9 156 U1 8 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 119 IS 5 BP 889 EP 898 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1097-z PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 485VN UT WOS:000269153000011 PM 19578829 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC AF Ehrlich, Kenneth C. TI Predicted Roles of the Uncharacterized Clustered Genes in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis SO TOXINS LA English DT Review DE biosynthesis; oxidation; enzymes; Aspergillus; secondary metabolism AB Biosynthesis of the toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxins (AFs) requires the activity of more than 27 enzymes. The roles in biosynthesis of newly described enzymes are discussed in this review. We suggest that HypC catalyzes the oxidation of norsolorinic acid anthrone; AvfA (AflI), the ring-closure step in formation of hydroxyversicolorone; HypB, the second oxidation step in conversion of O-methylsterigmatocystin to AF; and HypE and NorA (AflE), the final two steps in AFB(1) formation. HypD, an integral membrane protein, affects fungal development and lowers AF production while AflJ (AflS), has a partial methyltransferase domain that may be important in its function as a transcriptional co-activator. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ken.ehrlich@ars.usda.gov NR 86 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 37 EP 58 DI 10.3390/toxins1010037 PG 22 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA V24UC UT WOS:000208434300005 PM 22069531 ER PT J AU Butts, CL Sorensen, RB Nuti, RC Lamb, MC Faircloth, WH AF Butts, C. L. Sorensen, R. B. Nuti, R. C. Lamb, M. C. Faircloth, W. H. TI PERFORMANCE OF EQUIPMENT FOR IN-FIELD SHELLING OF PEANUT FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Harvester; Peanut; Peanut oil; Sheller ID REGISTRATION AB Drying, cleaning, and shelling peanuts represents approximately one-third of the costs of growing, harvesting, and processing peanuts for oil extraction. A conventional two-row peanut combine normally used to thresh windrowed peanuts was modified to shell the peanuts as they were harvested. Peanuts were dug, windrowed, and allowed to partially dry in the windrow. They, were then harvested using either the modified peanut combine or a conventional grain combine. As a control treatment, peanuts were harvested using the modified peanut combine with the shelling grates removed from the sheller The modified peanut combine successfully captured 91% of the peanut kernels threshed by the control and shelled 99% of the kernels harvested. The grain combine captured only 62% of the peanut kernels compared to the control. The grain combine shelled 93% of the peanuts harvested. Peanuts harvested with the grain combine had 30% foreign material, compared to 11% foreign material harvested with the modified peanut combine or the control. Allowing the peanuts to dry in the windrow and shelling with the modified peanut combine reduced the estimated postharvest oil production costs by as much as 36%, from $611 to $391 per 1000 L of oil. C1 [Butts, C. L.; Sorensen, R. B.; Nuti, R. C.; Lamb, M. C.; Faircloth, W. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Butts, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM Chris.butts@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1461 EP 1469 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400006 ER PT J AU Thistle, HW Ice, GG Karsky, RL Hewitt, AJ Dorr, G AF Thistle, H. W. Ice, G. G. Karsky, R. L. Hewitt, A. J. Dorr, G. TI DEPOSITION OF AERIALLY APPLIED SPRAY TO A STREAM WITHIN A VEGETATIVE BARRIER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Aerial application; Drift; Forestry; Herbicide ID WINDBREAK; PARTICLES; SHELTERBELTS; INTERCEPTION; STABILITY; ORCHARD; CANOPY; FLOWS; DRIFT AB Drift of aerially applied forest herbicides can result in chemical deposition to streams. Riparian vegetation is expected to attenuate drift, but there is little corresponding data. A field study was conducted in the Coast Range west of Corvallis, Oregon, to evaluate the effectiveness of forested-riparian buffers. The buffers studied are typical of those used for small and medium fish-bearing streams in western Oregon as mandated by the Oregon Forest Practices Act. A helicopter sprayed two tracers over four transects. Twenty trials were conducted, resulting in over 1400 tracer samples. Results confirm that these vegetative barriers are effective at reducing deposition into streams. Reduction of deposition on artificial foliage samplers placed immediately above the stream surface ranged from 37% to 99% and averaged 92%. Reductions were less clear in stable atmospheric conditions due to low wind speed and highly variable wind directions. Low wind speed conditions are not generally high-drift scenarios, but there is evidence that drift of suspended droplets beyond the barrier, comprising a small fraction of the total mass, increases in stable conditions. C1 [Thistle, H. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Ice, G. G.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Corvallis, OR USA. [Karsky, R. L.] Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. [Hewitt, A. J.] Lincoln Ventures, Chem Res Applicat & Training, Lincoln, New Zealand. [Dorr, G.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Pesticide Applicat & Safety, Gatton, Australia. RP Thistle, HW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM hthistle@fs.fed.us OI Hewitt, Andrew/0000-0001-9210-7013 FU USDA Forest Service; National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc.; Crop Life America FX We would like to acknowledge the fine work of the helicopter pilot, Mr. John Mateski of Western Helicopter Services, Inc., and the Corvallis office of CH2M Hill for sample analysis. Weyerhaeuser, Inc., graciously allowed us access to managed forest lands to perform this study. We would also like to acknowledge the design and organizational contributions and the field work of Gary Kees, Wes Throop, Mike Huey, Scott Gilmour, and Jim Kautz of the USDA Forest Service, Missoula Technology and Development Center. Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service, the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., and Crop Life America. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1481 EP 1490 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400008 ER PT J AU Vieira, DAN Dabney, SM AF Vieira, D. A. N. Dabney, S. M. TI MODELING LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION DUE TO TILLAGE: MODEL DEVELOPMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Landscape evolution; Mathematical models; Soil redistribution; Tillage erosion; Tillage translocation ID TERM FIELD EXPERIMENTS; SOIL REDISTRIBUTION; POTATO PRODUCTION; ATLANTIC CANADA; SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO; COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY; WATER EROSION; TRANSLOCATION; SLOPE; OPERATIONS AB Tillage erosion has been identified as an important contributor to the modification of agricultural landscapes. A two-dimensional, grid-based model has been developed to compute soil redistribution and morphological changes of complex landscapes due to tillage operations. Soil movement along and perpendicular to the directions of tractor movement are computed as a function of local slope gradients and of characteristics of the tillage implement. A control volume approach is employed to determine terrain elevation changes after each tillage pass. The model explicitly considers the presence of internal and external field boundaries, simulating their influence on the development of erosion and deposition patterns. GIS layers are used to provide terrain elevation data, actual tillage directions, field borders, and the location of other features, such as vegetated strips, trees, or fences. The model was verified against an analytical solution for the development of bench terraces due to tillage between vegetated strips. The model's capability of considering variable tillage directions was tested with a simulation of tillage erosion over a synthetic, undulating surface and was used to investigate how an implement's forward and lateral soil displacement characteristics influence erosion patterns as a function of tillage direction relative to slope. The model's stability, computational efficiency, and ability to simulate fields with complex boundaries and varying tillage directions allow its use as a practical tool within a comprehensive conservation planning system. C1 [Vieira, D. A. N.; Dabney, S. M.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Vieira, DAN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157,598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM dalmo.vieira@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1505 EP 1521 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400010 ER PT J AU Steiner, JL Sadler, EJ Wilson, G Hatfield, JL James, D Vandenberg, B Chen, JS Oster, T Ross, JD Cole, K AF Steiner, J. L. Sadler, E. J. Wilson, G. Hatfield, J. L. James, D. Vandenberg, B. Chen, J. -S. Oster, T. Ross, J. D. Cole, K. TI STEWARDS WATERSHED DATA SYSTEM: SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE CEAP; Conservation Effects Assessment Project; Databases; Data system design; Internet-based data system; User interface ID AGROECOLOGICAL RESEARCH DATA; EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; BENCHMARK WATERSHEDS; HYDROLOGIC FUNCTIONS; RELATIONAL DATABASE; MANAGEMENT AB A web-based, data retrieval application was developed (Sustaining the Earths Watersheds, Agricultural Research Data System, or STEWARDS) as part of the USDA-ARS Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) to increase the availability and accessibility of scientific data to the research community. The STEWARDS application is GIS-based and couples temporal and spatial aspects of data collected from each site within a watershed. The STEWARDS database and software design accommodates research data with heterogeneous characteristics and format, and captures rich descriptive information that is important to understand the data from complex, dynamic research programs. The database includes soil, water, climate, land management, and socio-economic data from multiple watersheds across the U.S. and can provide data commonly needed for hydrologic modeling and assessments. The release of STEWARDS marks an advance in the research capacity for the ARS research watershed network by improving access to well-documented and consistently organized data and is becoming the prototype of additional data and software designs for other ARS research projects. C1 [Steiner, J. L.; Chen, J. -S.; Ross, J. D.] USDA ARS, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Sadler, E. J.; Oster, T.] USDA ARS, Columbia, MO USA. [Wilson, G.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. [Hatfield, J. L.; James, D.; Cole, K.] USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA. [Vandenberg, B.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Steiner, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM jean.steiner@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1523 EP 1533 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400011 ER PT J AU Jang, GS Sudduth, KA Sadler, EJ Lerch, RN AF Jang, G. S. Sudduth, K. A. Sadler, E. J. Lerch, R. N. TI WATERSHED-SCALE CROP TYPE CLASSIFICATION USING SEASONAL TRENDS IN REMOTE SENSING-DERIVED VEGETATION INDICES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Crop classification; Landsat; MODIS; NDVI; Watershed management ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; UNITED-STATES; PART II; ACCURACY; MODEL; IMAGERY AB Analysis and simulation of watershed-scale processes requires spatial characterization of land use, including differentiation among crop types. If this crop type information could be obtained accurately from remote sensing data, the effort required would be significantly reduced, especially for large watersheds. The objective of this study was to compare two methods using multiple satellite remote sensing datasets to differentiate land cover, including crop type, for the Salt River/Mark Twain Lake basin in northeast Missouri. Method I involved unsupervised classification of Landsat visible and near-infrared satellite images obtained at multiple dates in the growing season, followed by traditional, manual class identification. Method 2, developed in this research, employed the same unsupervised classification but also used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps obtained on a 16-day cycle from MODIS satellite images as ancillary data to derive seasonal NDVI trends for each class in the classification map. Tree analysis was applied to the NDVI trend data to group similar classes into clusters, and crop type for each cluster was determined from ground-truth data. Additional ground-truth data were used to assess the accuracy of the procedure, and crop acreage estimates were compared to county-level statistics. The overall classification accuracy of Method 2 was 3% higher than that of Method 1. Method 2 was also more efficient in terms of analyst time and ground-truth data requirements. Therefore, this method, employing variations in seasonal NDVI trends, is suggested for differentiation of crop type. The 30-m resolution crop type maps developed using this process will be useful as input data to environmental analysis models. C1 [Sudduth, K. A.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jang, G. S.] Yeungnam Univ, Gyongsan, South Korea. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Ken.Sudduth@ars.usda.gov FU Yeungnam University; International Cooperative Research; Rural Development Administration; Republic of Korea FX The contributions of S. T Drummond and R. L. Mahurin to data collection and processing are greatly appreciated. This research was supported in part by Yeungnam University 2009 Research Grants and by the International Cooperative Research Program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1535 EP 1544 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400012 ER PT J AU Cho, J Bosch, D Lowrance, R Strickland, T Vellidis, G AF Cho, J. Bosch, D. Lowrance, R. Strickland, T. Vellidis, G. TI EFFECT OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL ON TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL UNCERTAINTY OF SWAT OUTPUT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Hydrology; Rainfall; Sediment; SWAT; Temporal and spatial uncertainty; Total nitrogen; Total phosphorus ID COASTAL-PLAIN; NO3-N LOADS; VARIABILITY; SCALE; MODEL; ACCURACY; SEDIMENT; RUNOFF; IMPACT; PREDICTIONS AB Accurate rainfall data are critical for accurate representation of temporal and spatial uncertainties of simulated watershed-scale hydrology and water quality from models. In addition, the methods used to incorporate the rainfall data into the simulation model can significantly impact the results. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the hydrologic impacts of different methods for incorporating spatially variable rainfall input into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in conjunction with subwatershed delineation level and (2). assess seasonal and spatial uncertainty in hydrologic and water quality simulations of SWAT with respect to rain gauge density. The study uses three different methods to incorporate spatially variable rainfall into the SWAT model and three levels of subwatershed delineation. The impacts of ten different gauge-density scenarios on hydrology and water quality were subsequently evaluated by using the highest gauge-density scenario as a baseline for comparison. Through the centroid method, which is currently used by the AVSWAT-X interface, variations in the representation of measured annual rainfall as model input and corresponding simulated streamflow increased as subwatershed delineation level decreased front high-density to low-density. The rainfall input by the Thiessen averaging method for each subwatershed (Thiessen method) and the inverse-distance-weighted averaging method for the entire watershed (average method) were not sensitive to subwatershed delineation. The impacts of delineation on streamflow were also less with these two methods. The Thiessen method is recommended for SWAT simulation of a watershed with high spatial variability of rainfall. The currently used AVSWAT-X centroid method will also accurately represent spatially variable rainfall if a subwatershed delineation is used that sufficiently incorporates the density of observed rainfall stations. As the number of rain gauges used for the simulation decreased, the uncertainty in the hydrologic and water quality model output increased exponentially. Total phosphorus was most sensitive to the changes in rain gauge density, with an average coefficient of variation of root mean square difference (CV(RMSD)) of 0.30 from three watersheds, followed by sediment, total nitrogen, and streamflow, showing CV(RMSD) values of 0.24, 0.18, and 0.17, respectively. Seasonal variations in simulated streamflow and water quality were higher during summer and fall seasons compared to spring and winter seasons. These seasonal and temporal variations can be attributed to the rainfall patterns within the watershed. C1 [Cho, J.; Bosch, D.; Lowrance, R.; Strickland, T.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Vellidis, G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA USA. RP Cho, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, 2329 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Jaepil.Cho@ars.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1545 EP 1555 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400013 ER PT J AU Thorp, KR Youssef, MA Jaynes, DB Malone, RW Ma, L AF Thorp, K. R. Youssef, M. A. Jaynes, D. B. Malone, R. W. Ma, L. TI DRAINMOD-N II: EVALUATED FOR AN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM IN IOWA AND COMPARED TO RZWQM-DSSAT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE DSSAT; DRAINMOD; DRAINMOD-N II; Management; Nitrogen; RZWQM; Simulation; Subsurface drainage ID WATER MANAGEMENT MODEL; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER APPLICATION; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; CORN YIELD; APPLICATION RATES; NITRATE-NITROGEN; SIMULATION-MODEL; FIELD-EVALUATION; COLD CONDITIONS AB A new simulation model for N dynamics, DRAINMOD-N II, has been previously evaluated for only a few sites. We evaluated the model using ten years (1996-2005) of measured data from a subsurface-drained, corn-soybean agricultural system near Story City, Iowa. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied to plots at low, medium, and high rates (5 7 to 67 kg N ha(-1). 114 to 135 kg N ha(-1). and 172 to 202 kg N ha(-1), respectively) during corn years, and nitrate (NO(3)) losses from subsurface drains under each plot were monitored biweekly for ten years. Average annual simulated and measured NO(3) losses in drainage water were 21.9 and 20.1 kg N ha(-1) for the low N rate, 26.6 and 26.5 kg N ha(-1) for the medium N rate, and 36.6 and 37. 0 kg N ha(-1) for the high N rate, respectively. The model efficiency statistics for DRAINMOD-N II simulations of annual subsurface drain NO(3) losses were 0.89, 0.95, and 0.94 for the low, medium, and high N rates, respectively. For the same experimental dataset, a comparison of DRAINMOD-N II simulations to that of another model that simulates hydrologic and N dynamics of agricultural systems, the RZWQM-DSSAT hybrid model, demonstrated that the two models were most different in their simulations of soybean N fixation, plant N uptake, and net N mineralization. Future field investigations should focus on generating better understandings of these processes. The results suggest that DPAINMOD-N II can reasonably simulate the effects of different corn-year N rates on losses of NO(3) through subsurface drainage lines and that simulations of subsurface drainage NO(3) losses by DRAINMOD-N II are comparable to that of RZWQM-DSSAT. C1 [Thorp, K. R.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Youssef, M. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jaynes, D. B.; Malone, R. W.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ma, L.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Res Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Thorp, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM kelly.thorp@ars.usda.gov RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1557 EP 1573 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400014 ER PT J AU Feyereisen, GW Folmar, GJ AF Feyereisen, G. W. Folmar, G. J. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A LABORATORY-SCALE LYSIMETER SYSTEM TO SIMULTANEOUSLY STUDY RUNOFF AND LEACHING DYNAMICS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Accelerated testing; Infiltration; Leaching; Lysimeters; Runoff ID SOIL MONOLITHS; POULTRY MANURE; SURFACE RUNOFF; CLAY SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; MOVEMENT; COLLECTION; TRANSPORT; COLUMNS; INTACT AB The laboratory study of water movement and nutrient dynamics associated with agricultural soils has been limited within an experimental setup to either surface investigation or leaching analysis. This study was conducted to develop a laboratory system for simultaneous investigation of surface and subsurface hydrologic and nutrient dynamics within a soil block. The system consists of a square steel casing 61 cm wide and long by 61 cm deep that is driven into the ground with a 1.1 Mg drop hammer, excavated, and undergirded with a 12.7 mm thick PVC plate to capture an undisturbed soil block. Unique features of the lysimeter system include the use of petrolatum (petroleum jelly) to suppress side wall bypass flow and potential chemical interaction with the steel lysimeter walls, and the capability to investigate overland and subsurface flows in one assemblage. C1 [Feyereisen, G. W.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Folmar, G. J.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RP Feyereisen, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gary.feyereisen@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1585 EP 1591 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400016 ER PT J AU Govindarajan, KN Kandala, CVK Subbiah, J AF Govindarajan, K. N. Kandala, C. V. K. Subbiah, J. TI NIR REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE MOISTURE CONTENT DETERMINATION IN PEANUT KERNELS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Moisture content; Multiple linear regression; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Partial least squares regression; Peanut kernels ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE AB There are some commercial instruments available that use near-infrared (NIR) radiation measurements to determine the moisture content (MC) of a variety of grain products, such as wheat and corn, without the need of any sample grinding or preparation. However; to measure the MC of peanuts with these instruments, the peanut kernels have to be chopped into smaller pieces and filled into the measuring cell. This is cumbersome, time consuming, and destructive. An NIR reflectance method is presented here by which the average MC of about 100 g of whole kernels could be determined rapidly and nondestructively. The MC range of the peanut kernels tested was between 8% and 26%. Initially, NIR reflectance measurements were made at 1 nm intervals in the wavelength range of 1000 to 1800 nm, and the data were modeled using partial least squares regression (PLSR). The predicted values of the samples tested in the above range were compared with the values determined by the standard air-oven method. The predicted values agreed well with the air-oven values, with all R(2) value of 0.93 and a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 1.18. Using the PLSR beta coefficients, five key wavelengths were identified, and MC predictions were made using multiple linear regression (MLR). The R(2) and SEP values of the MLR model were 0.91. and 1.09, respectively. Both methods performed satisfactorily and, being rapid, nondestructive, and noncontact, may be suitable for continuous monitoring of MC of grain and peanuts as they move on conveyor belts during their processing. C1 [Kandala, C. V. K.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Govindarajan, K. N.; Subbiah, J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Kandala, CVK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Lab, POB 597, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM Chari.kandala@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1661 EP 1665 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400024 ER PT J AU Chaoui, H Montes, F Rotz, CA Richard, TL AF Chaoui, H. Montes, F. Rotz, C. A. Richard, T. L. TI VOLATILE AMMONIA FRACTION AND FLUX FROM THIN LAYERS OF BUFFERED AMMONIUM SOLUTION AND DAIRY CATTLE MANURE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Ammonia volatilization; Dairy manure; Dissociation; Emissions model; Mass transfer ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; LIQUID MANURE; EMISSIONS; MANAGEMENT; ABSORPTION; RELEASE; LOSSES; FARMS; MODEL; HOUSE AB Process-based models are being used to predict ammonia (NH(3)) emissions from manure sources, but their accuracy has not been fully evaluated for cattle manure. Laboratory trials were conducted to measure the NH(3) volatile fraction (undissociated NH(3) fraction divided by Henry's law constant) and volatilization flux from buffered ammonium-water solution and dairy cattle manure. Effects of ionic strength, ammoniacal N concentration, temperature and pH of the media, and air velocity over the media were evaluated. As represented in existing models, media type, temperature, and pH were verified to influence the NH(3) volatile fraction and mass transfer Model prediction underestimated the volatile NH(3) fraction by 5% in solution trials and 94% in manure trials. This underestimation was attributed to an increase in surface pH created through the emission of carbon dioxide (CO(2)). Ammonia emission rate from both the ammonium solution and manure surfaces was affected by temperature and air velocity. A frequently used dairy manure volatilization model predicted NH(3) emission rates front manure surfaces more accurately than that from buffered solution with average errors of -16% and +81%, respectively. Temperature significantly affected the difference between predicted and measured rates, with the greatest error at temperatures over 25 degrees C. The results imply that further model development is needed to improve the accuracy of predicting NH(3) emissions from dairy cattle manure with an emphasis on the measurement and prediction of manure surface pH as affected by CO(2) emission. C1 [Montes, F.; Rotz, C. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chaoui, H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Richard, T. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM al.rotz@ars.usda.gov RI Richard, Tom/H-5058-2012 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1695 EP 1706 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400028 ER PT J AU Montes, F Rotz, CA Chaoui, H AF Montes, F. Rotz, C. A. Chaoui, H. TI PROCESS MODELING OF AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION FROM AMMONIUM SOLUTION AND MANURE SURFACES: A REVIEW WITH RECOMMENDED MODELS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Ammonia; Dissociation constant; Emission model; Henry's law constant; Manure; Mass transfer coefficient ID MASS-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; DAIRY-COW HOUSE; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; ANAEROBIC LAGOONS; MECHANISTIC MODEL; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; COMPUTER-MODEL; SWINE MANURE AB Ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations have become a concern due to their potential adverse effects on animal and human health and the environment. Emissions occur from manure surfaces on the barn floor, during storage, and following field application. Process-based modeling with computer simulation is a cost-effective procedure for quantifying and evaluating emissions across diverse production systems. Based upon theoretical principles and associated published information on ammonia emissions, relationships were refined for modeling the dissociation constant, Henry's law constant, and the mass transfer coefficient to improve predictions of ammonia loss front manure surfaces. Inconsistencies found in widely used expressions for the dissociation constant and mass transfer coefficients in ammonia volatilization models from manures are discussed. Refined expressions were developed that relate these parameters to the temperature, pH, and ionic strength of the ammonium-containing material, and the velocity of air flowing over the material. These expressions were tested by comparing predicted ammonia emission rates to values measured in controlled laboratory experiments for buffered ammonium-water solutions and dairy cattle manure. Experimental results compared well to values predicted using these theoretical expressions derived from ammonia volatilization literature. These process-based relationships provide a basis for developing predictive tools that quantify management effects on ammonia emissions front farms and thus assist in the development and evaluation of strategies for reducing emissions. C1 [Montes, F.; Rotz, C. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chaoui, H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Montes, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM felipe.montes@ars.usda.gov NR 87 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1707 EP 1719 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400029 ER PT J AU Fleisher, DH Timlin, DJ Yang, Y Reddy, VR Reddy, KR AF Fleisher, D. H. Timlin, D. J. Yang, Y. Reddy, V. R. Reddy, K. R. TI UNIFORMITY OF SOIL-PLANT-ATMOSPHERE-RESEARCH CHAMBERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Controlled environment; Performance testing; Quality control; Uniformity; Wheat ID CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CHAMBERS; BASE-LINE GROWTH; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 EXCHANGE; WATER-STRESS; CANOPY; POTATO; COTTON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION AB Uniformity of plant responses and gas exchange calculations within and among Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Research (SPAR) chambers was evaluated using 12 SPAR chambers located at Beltsville, Maryland. Periodic non-destructive and destructive measurements were conducted at the same locations within each chamber using wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. USU-Apogee) as the crop. Identical experimental protocols were applied to each chamber. Analysis of variance indicated significant location effects within chambers at three different harvest dates. The patterning of variation within the SPAR chambers was primarily south to north and appeared to be a response to wind speed, radiation gradients, and soil media settling. Analysis of canopy radiation interception and photosynthetic responses indicated differences in early leaf area establishment among chambers. This result call be attributed primarily to variations in emergence rate, irrigation delivery, and media settling. However, no significant differences among final chamber means for any plant growth response were found, and most values were within 95% confidence limits of the pooled chamber mean. Overall, this study indicated that although differences in among-chamber and within-chamber variability were present, when appropriate experimental protocols are followed and within-chamber positional effects are taken into account during sampling, effects of inherent differences in chamber performance oil plant responses call be reduced. C1 [Fleisher, D. H.; Timlin, D. J.; Reddy, V. R.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yang, Y.] Univ Maryland, Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD USA. [Reddy, K. R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Starkville, MS USA. RP Fleisher, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Bldg 1,Rm 342,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM david.fleisher@ars.usda.gov OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1721 EP 1731 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400030 ER PT J AU Bjorneberg, DL Leytem, AB Westermann, DT Griffiths, PR Shao, L Pollard, MJ AF Bjorneberg, D. L. Leytem, A. B. Westermann, D. T. Griffiths, P. R. Shao, L. Pollard, M. J. TI MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA, METHANE, AND NITROUS OXIDE AT A CONCENTRATED DAIRY PRODUCTION FACILITY IN SOUTHERN IDAHO USING OPEN-PATH FTIR SPECTROMETRY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Dairy; Emissions; FTIR; Methane ID TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; INVERSE-DISPERSION TECHNIQUE; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; LOW DETECTOR NOISE; OPEN-LOT DAIRIES; EMISSION FACTORS; CATTLE FEEDLOT; QUANTIFICATION; RESOLUTION; FLUX AB The number of dairy cows in Idaho has increased by approximately 80% in the last decade, with the majority of these facilities located in southern Idaho, causing air quality concerns in this region. To determine the potential air quality impacts of these facilities, we measured ammonia (NH(3)), methane (CH(4)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) concentrations over the pens, wastewater storage pond, and composting area on a 700-cow open-lot dairy using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (OP/FTIR). Concentrations were measured for one or two days at each location during January, March, June, and September. Median NH(3) concentrations over the pens, storage pond, and composting area ranged from 0.14 to 0.39 ppmv, 0.04 to 0.17 ppmv, and 0.06 to 0.22 ppmv respectively, with concentrations tending to be lower in January. Average CH(4) concentrations over the pens, storage pond, and composting area ranged from 2.07 to 2.80 ppmv, 1.87 to 2.15 ppmv, and 1.71 to 1.76 ppmv, respectively. Average N(2)O concentrations ranged from 0.31 to 0.33 ppmv for all areas, which was similar to global background N(2)O concentrations. Combined ammonia emissions for the pen and storage pond areas, calculated with a backward Lagrangian stochastic inverse-dispersion technique, were 0.04, 0.25, 0.19, and 0.15 kg NH(3) cow(-1) d(-1) for January, March, June, and September; respectively, and methane emissions were 0.34, 0.55, 0.21, and 0.20 kg CH(4) cow(-1) d(-1) for the same months. Assuming this limited monitoring was representative of the entire year, annual emissions from the pens and storage pond were 57 kg NH(3) cow(-1) and 120 kg CH(4) cow(-1). These emission rates were similar to the limited number of comparable studies that have been published. However, more extensive monitoring is needed to better quantify variations in emissions throughout the year and among locations. C1 [Bjorneberg, D. L.; Leytem, A. B.; Westermann, D. T.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Griffiths, P. R.; Shao, L.; Pollard, M. J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Bjorneberg, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM dave.bjorneberg@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1749 EP 1756 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400033 ER PT J AU Jiang, L Zhu, B Cheng, X Luo, Y Tao, Y AF Jiang, L. Zhu, B. Cheng, X. Luo, Y. Tao, Y. TI 3D SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS IN AUTOMATED APPLE STEM-END/CALYX IDENTIFICATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE 3D reconstruction; Apples; Automated detection; Calyx; Facet model; Near-infrared; Shape-from-shading; Stem end ID FRUIT DEFECT DETECTION; MACHINE-VISION SYSTEM; IMAGES; SHAPE; SEGMENTATION; INSPECTION; REGISTRATION; RECOGNITION; PERFORMANCE; TRANSFORM AB Machine vision methods are widely used in apple defect detection and quality grading applications. Currently, 2D near-infrared (NIR) imaging technology is used to detect apple defects based on the difference in image intensity of defects from normal apple tissue. However, it is difficult to accurately differentiate an apple's stem-end/calyx from a trite defect due to their similar 2D NIR images, which presents a major technical challenge to the successful application of this machine vision technology. In this research, we used a novel two-step 3D data analysis strategy to differentiate apple stem-ends/calyxes from trite defects according to their different 3D shape information. In the first step, a 2D NIR imaging was extended to a 3D reconstruction using a shape-from-shading (SFS) approach. After successfully obtaining 3D information, a quadratic facet model was introduced to conduct the 3D concave shape fitting such that the identification of apple stem-ends and calyxes could be achieved based on their different 3D structures. Significant improvement in terms of the detection rate could be obtained based on 3D shape fitting in comparison to the traditional 2D intensity fitting approach. Samples of the reconstructed 3D apple surface maps as well as the identified stem-ends/calyxes were shown in the results, and an overall 90.15% detection rate was achieved, compared to the 58.62% detection rate of the traditional 2D intensity fitting approach. C1 [Tao, Y.] Univ Maryland, Bioimaging & Machine Vis Lab, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jiang, L.; Zhu, B.; Cheng, X.; Luo, Y.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Tao, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Bioimaging & Machine Vis Lab, Fischell Dept Bioengn, 1427 Agr & Anim Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ytao@umd.edu RI Zhu, Bin/E-4911-2010 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1775 EP 1784 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400035 ER PT J AU Casada, ME Armstrong, PR AF Casada, M. E. Armstrong, P. R. TI WHEAT MOISTURE MEASUREMENT WITH A FRINGING FIELD CAPACITIVE SENSOR SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Capacitive sensor; Grain storage; Moisture content; Moisture sensor ID CORN AB Grain storage managers could improve the quality of stored grain if they could directly monitor stored grain moisture content, which is a key indicator of stored grain quality and an early indicator of deterioration. However, shortcomings of currently available sensors have prevented them front achieving widespread acceptance in the industry. A new fringing field capacitive (FFC) sensor was tested to determine its suitability and accuracy for moisture content measurements in grain. Sensors were calibrated at temperature from 10 degrees C to 30 degrees C using six samples of hard red winter (HRW) wheat front three locations and two crop years. The polynomial calibration models had standard error of prediction (SEP) values that averaged 0.68% wet basis (w.b.) moisture content for data not corrected for bulk density. The average SEP improved to 0.50% wb. when the readings were corrected based on sample bulk density, yielding a 95% confidence interval of +/- 1.0% wb. for these data. The measured sensor accuracy, close to that of laboratory instruments, is appropriate for an in situ instrument for monitoring stored grain and for rapid determination of grain moisture content in bulk containers. C1 [Casada, M. E.; Armstrong, P. R.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Casada, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM casada@ksu.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1785 EP 1791 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 522LW UT WOS:000272000400036 ER PT J AU Tyree, MC Seiler, JR Maier, CA Johnsen, KH AF Tyree, Michael C. Seiler, John R. Maier, Chris A. Johnsen, Kurt H. TI Pinus taeda clones and soil nutrient availability: effects of soil organic matter incorporation and fertilization on biomass partitioning and leaf physiology SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE A(Sat); G x E interaction; J(max); loblolly pine; logging residue; photosynthesis; V-C,V-max ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC MODEL PARAMETERS; COMPLETE COMPETITION CONTROL; ELEVATED CO2 CONCENTRATION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SLASH PINE; NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; CARBON ALLOCATION; UNITED-STATES; GAS-EXCHANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR AB The combined effects of intensive management and planting of improved seedlings have led to large increases in productivity on intensively managed pine forests in the southeastern United States. To best match clones to particular site conditions, an understanding of how specific clones respond to changes in nutrition in terms of biomass partitioning, leaf physiology and biochemistry will be necessary. This study measured the response of biomass partitioning, light-saturated net photosynthesis (A(Sat)) and photosynthetic capacity to a range in soil fertility and fertilization between two contrasting Pinus taeda L. clone ideotypes: a 'narrow crown' clone (NC) that allocates more resources to stem growth and a 'broad crown' clone (BC) that allocates more resources to leaf area (LA). Under field conditions, we found consistent clone by environment (i.e., varying nutrient regimes) interactions in biomass as well as leaf physiology. Nutrient limitations induced by logging residue incorporation resulted in a 25% loss in stem growth in BC, while NC showed no response. We postulated that the decrease in BC was due to the differences in canopy architecture leading to a reduced canopy CO2 assimilation, as well as to increased belowground maintenance costs associated with fine-root production. In contrast, N and P additions resulted in a 21% greater increase in stem volume in NC relative to BC. Fertilization increased A(Sat) temporarily in both clones, but A(Sat) eventually decreased below control levels by the end of the study. Although we found a clone by fertilization interaction in leaf physiology, the greatest genotype by environment interaction was found in the LA that appeared to have a greater influence than A(Sat) on growth. This research demonstrates the potential importance of selecting appropriate clonal material and silvicultural prescription when implementing site-specific silviculture to maximize productivity in intensively managed southern pine forests. C1 [Tyree, Michael C.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Sch Forestry, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Seiler, John R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Forest Resources & Environm Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Maier, Chris A.; Johnsen, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tyree, MC (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Sch Forestry, POB 10138, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM mtyree@latech.edu FU USDA-Forest Service, Agenda 2020 FX The authors thank the USDA-Forest Service, Agenda 2020 for funding this research and MeadWestvaco for their monumental effort in preparing, maintaining and providing access to the study site. Specifically, thanks to Steve Patterson, Phil Dougherty, Daniel Mcinnis and Karen Sarsony for their technical support. Special thanks to John Peterson, Pete Anderson, Ben Templeton, Sarah Seiler and Isaiah Miller for their tireless efforts in the field and laboratory. Finally, thanks to Seth Pritchard for use of mini-rhizotron data, Erik Nilsen for use of his Li-Cor 6400 and Thomas Fox, Erik Nilsen, Lee Daniels, Chris Gough and John Peterson and anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions to improve this manuscript. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1117 EP 1131 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpp050 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 486QB UT WOS:000269211100004 PM 19608598 ER PT J AU Smith, JD Greenlee, JJ Hamir, AN Richt, JA Greenlee, MHW AF Smith, J. D. Greenlee, J. J. Hamir, A. N. Richt, J. A. Greenlee, M. H. West TI Retinal Function and Morphology Are Altered in Cattle Infected with the Prion Disease Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle; electroretinography; immunohistochemistry; prion diseases; retina ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; INTRACEREBRAL INOCULATION; NATURAL SCRAPIE; VARIANT CJD; MULE DEER; PROTEIN; SHEEP; MICE AB Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of diseases that result in progressive and invariably fatal neurologic disease in both animals and humans. TSEs are characterized by the accumulation of an abnormal protease-resistant form of the prion protein in the central nervous system. Transmission of infectious TSEs is believed to occur via ingestion of prion protein-contaminated material. This material is also involved in the transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("mad cow disease") to humans, which resulted in the variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Abnormal prion protein has been reported in the retina of TSE-affected cattle, but despite these observations, the specific effect of abnormal prion protein on retinal morphology and function has not been assessed. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize potential functional and morphologic abnormalities in the retinas of cattle Infected with a bovine-adapted isolate of transmissible mink encephalopathy. We used electroretinography and immunohistochemistry to examine retinas from 10 noninoculated and 5 transmissible mink encephalopathy-inoculated adult Holstein steers. Here we show altered retinal function, as evidenced by prolonged implicit time of the electroretinogram b-wave, in transmissible mink encephalopathy-infected cattle before the onset of clinical illness. We also demonstrate disruption of rod bipolar cell synaptic terminals, indicated by decreased immunoreactivity for the alpha isoform of protein kinase C and vesicular glutamate transporter 1, and activation of Muller glia, as evidenced by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase expression, in the retinas of these cattle at the time of euthanasia due to clinical deterioration. This is the first study to identify both functional and morphologic alterations in the retinas of TSE-infected cattle. Our results support future efforts to focus on the retina for the development of new strategies for the diagnosis of TSEs. C1 [Greenlee, M. H. West] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Greenlee, M. H. West] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Neurosci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Smith, J. D.; Greenlee, J. J.; Hamir, A. N.; Richt, J. A.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Greenlee, MHW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Coll Vet Med, 2070 Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mheather@iastate.edu FU Specific Cooperative Agreement [58-3625-5-114] FX We thank L. Mandell, M. Church, and J. Lesan for technical assistance. This work was supported by Specific Cooperative Agreement #58-3625-5-114 with the Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 810 EP 818 DI 10.1354/vp.08-VP-0206-W-FL PG 9 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 493XM UT WOS:000269772600005 PM 19429980 ER PT J AU Owens, RA Hammond, RW AF Owens, Robert A. Hammond, Rosemarie W. TI Viroid Pathogenicity: One Process, Many Faces SO VIRUSES-BASEL LA English DT Review DE viroid pathogenicity; RNA silencing; disease induction ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; INFECTED TOMATO PLANTS; RNA SILENCING PATHWAYS; IN-VIVO; GENE-EXPRESSION; NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA; RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN COMPLEX; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PHLOEM PROTEIN; LEAF TISSUE AB Despite the non-coding nature of their small RNA genomes, the visible symptoms of viroid infection resemble those associated with many plant virus diseases. Recent evidence indicates that viroid-derived small RNAs acting through host RNA silencing pathways play a key role in viroid pathogenicity. Host responses to viroid infection are complex, involving signaling cascades containing host-encoded protein kinases and crosstalk between hormonal and defense-signaling pathways. Studies of viroid-host interaction in the context of entire biochemical or developmental pathways are just beginning, and many working hypotheses have yet to be critically tested. C1 [Owens, Robert A.; Hammond, Rosemarie W.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Owens, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.a.owens@ars.usda.gov; rose.hammond@ars.usda.gov NR 92 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4915 J9 VIRUSES-BASEL JI Viruses-Basel PD SEP PY 2009 VL 1 IS 2 BP 298 EP 316 DI 10.3390/v1020298 PG 19 WC Virology SC Virology GA 631HL UT WOS:000280337300013 PM 21994551 ER PT J AU Paramasivam, S Richards, KA Alva, AK Richards, AM Sajwan, KS Jayaraman, K Heanacho, A Afolabi, J AF Paramasivam, S. Richards, Karen A. Alva, A. K. Richards, Asha M. Sajwan, K. S. Jayaraman, K. Heanacho, A. Afolabi, J. TI Evaluation of Poultry Litter Amendment to Agricultural Soils: Leaching Losses and Partitioning of Trace Elements in Collard Greens SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Accumulation; Collard greens; Dry matter yield; Fly ash; Growth performance; Leaching; Partitioning of trace elements; Poultry litter; Tissue trace element concentrations ID HAMLIN ORANGE TREES; LAND APPLICATION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; FLY-ASH; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SANDY SOILS; WASTE-WATER; PLANT-PARTS; COPPER; PHOSPHORUS AB Leaching of trace metals and greenhouse plant growth (Collard greens; Brassica oleracea var. acephala) response studies were conducted in two types of soils with contrasting characteristics amended with varying rates (0 to 24.70 Mg ha(-1)) of poultry litter (PL) or 1:1 mixture of PL and fly ash (FA). Leaching of Cr, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb from soils amended with PL or PL + FA (1:1) increased with increasing rates of amendment. Leaching losses were greater from coarse-textured soil compared to that from medium-textured soil. Crop performance study indicated that growth as well as trace elements concentrations increased with increasing rates of amendments only up to 12.35 Mg ha(-1). Trace element concentrations in plant parts were greater in plants grown in Candler fine sand (CFS) compared to that grown in Ogeechee loamy sand (OLS). Trace element concentrations were greater in the above ground plant parts (leaf and stem) than those in roots. This study demonstrated beneficial effects of PL or mixture of PL + FA amendments to soils at rates not exceeding 4.94 Mg ha(-1). Further field studies are recommended to evaluate the long-term impact of using poultry litter and fly ash on plant growth and tissue trace metal concentration as well as environmental impact. C1 [Paramasivam, S.; Richards, Karen A.; Richards, Asha M.; Sajwan, K. S.; Heanacho, A.; Afolabi, J.] Savannah State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Dept Nat Sci & Math, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Alva, A. K.] USDA ARS, Pacific W Area, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Jayaraman, K.] Savannah State Univ, Environm Engn Program, Dept Engn Technol, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. RP Paramasivam, S (reprint author), Savannah State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Dept Nat Sci & Math, POB 20600, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. EM siva@savstate.edu FU DOE and EPA [DE-FG09-96SR-18558]; US Department of Energy/and Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was funded, in part, by (DOE and EPA) contract number DE-FG09-96SR-18558, US Department of Energy/and Environmental Protection Agency and Savannah State University. Assistance offered by Dr. Ashim Heanacho to review statistical procedures and revised version of the manuscript is highly appreciated. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 202 IS 1-4 BP 229 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s11270-008-9972-9 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 483XT UT WOS:000269007400021 ER PT J AU Hafner, SD Bisogni, JJ AF Hafner, Sasha D. Bisogni, James J., Jr. TI Modeling of ammonia speciation in anaerobic digesters SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Anaerobic digestion; Manure; Ammonia toxicity; Speciation model ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SWINE WASTE; THERMOPHILIC DIGESTION; DAIRY MANURE; SOLUBILITY; PHOSPHORUS; TEMPERATURE; TOXICITY; REACTORS; NH4CL AB Anaerobic digestion of high-nitrogen wastes such as animal manure can be inhibited by high concentrations of un-ionized ammonia, NH(3) (aq). Understanding the toxicity of NH(3) (aq) to anaerobic digestion requires a method for determining its concentration. Previous work on ammonia toxicity in anaerobic digesters has utilized a simple equilibrium calculation for estimating NH(3) (aq) concentration from total ammonia, temperature, and pH. This approach is not appropriate for concentrated solutions. In this work, a speciation model for major solutes in anaerobic digesters based on Pitzer's ion-interaction a roach, pp, is presented. Model simulations show that the simple equilibrium calculation (without corrections for non-ideal behavior) substantially overestimates NH(3) (aq) concentration for all but dilute digesters. This error in concentration determination increases with total solids content and is estimated to be greater than 40% for a digester fed dairy manure with 5% total solids or swine manure with 3% total solids. However, including an estimate of the activity coefficient for NH(4)(+) in the simple equilibrium calculation results in much more accurate estimates of NH(3) (aq) concentration. In this case, the estimated error is less than 10% in the absence of struvite precipitation at the highest total solids contents considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hafner, Sasha D.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bisogni, James J., Jr.] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hafner, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sasha.hafner@ars.usda.gov; jjb2@cornell.edu RI Hafner, Sasha/N-3970-2013 OI Hafner, Sasha/0000-0003-0955-0327 FU EPA STAR FX Portions of this work were funded by an EPA STAR fellowship to Sasha Hafner. We appreciate suggestions from William Jewell and Robert Howarth on this work. We thank Gerd Maurer for providing helpful advice on the use of the Pitzer approach for the system studied in this work. We thank David Parkhurst for modifying PHREEQC so that it could be used to implement the model described in this work. We appreciate suggestions from three anonymous reviewers and journal manager Sheilagh Douma which improved this manuscript. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 43 IS 17 BP 4105 EP 4114 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.044 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 504PO UT WOS:000270629500002 PM 19664794 ER PT J AU Poe, AJ Goldstein, MI Brown, BA Andres, BA AF Poe, Aaron J. Goldstein, Michael I. Brown, Bridget A. Andres, Brad A. TI Black Oystercatchers and Campsites in Western Prince William Sound, Alaska SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE habitat; human use; shoreline recreation; disturbance; Prince William Sound; Chugach National Forest; Alaska ID DISTURBANCE; OIL AB Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) have been identified as a species of concern by government agencies and conservation organizations because they have small populations and are sensitive to disturbance caused by shoreline and near-shore human activity. Expanding human recreation in Prince William Sound (PWS) may have potential negative consequences on Black Oystercatcher reproduction and on the population as a whole. Almost 2000 kin of shoreline in western PWS was inventoried to assess density, distribution and habitat use of breeding Black Oystercatchers each June and July from 2001 to 2004. These efforts identified 94 territories (density 0.03-0.38 pairs/km). Black Oystercatcher territories were preferentially located on wave-cut platforms and rocky islets as well as gravel beaches but they avoided salt marsh, tide flats and sheltered rocky shores. Within western PWS 186 shoreline campsites were documented and people preferred to camp on gravel beaches. The association between campsites and territories was evaluated, and although there was a positive correlation at the landscape level, direct overlap only occurred on four sites and territories were separated from campsites, on average, by 1.8 km. Impacts associated with direct overlap (e.g., trampling of nests or direct displacement of pairs) may be rare for this remote area. Received 29 July 2008, accepted 24 February 2009. C1 [Goldstein, Michael I.] US Forest Serv, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Poe, Aaron J.; Brown, Bridget A.] US Forest Serv, Girdwood, AK 99587 USA. [Andres, Brad A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Goldstein, MI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, POB 21628, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. EM mgoldstein@fs.fed.us FU The Chugach National Forest FX The Chugach National Forest provided the funding for this study. Babkin Charters provided safe and comfortable accommodations as well as logistical support to complete the surveys. J. Urbanus, J Booz, C. Heaton, M. Kjick, J. Garrard and R. Venable assisted with field data collection. Comments from P. Guertin, F. Huettmann, R. Lanctot, D. Nysewander and an anonymous reviewer improved this manuscript. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.1675/063.032.0307 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 491GU UT WOS:000269567400007 ER PT J AU Stewart, CN Tranel, PJ Horvath, DP Anderson, JV Rieseberg, LH Westwood, JH Mallory-Smith, CA Zapiola, ML Dlugosch, KM AF Stewart, C. Neal, Jr. Tranel, Patrick J. Horvath, David P. Anderson, James V. Rieseberg, Loren H. Westwood, James H. Mallory-Smith, Carol A. Zapiola, Maria L. Dlugosch, Katrina M. TI Evolution of Weediness and Invasiveness: Charting the Course for Weed Genomics SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bioinformatics; DNA sequencing; gene expression; genetic transformation; genomics; systems biology; weed biology ID LOLIUM-PERENNE L.; REAL-TIME PCR; GENE-EXPRESSION; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; LEAFY SPURGE; HETEROLOGOUS HYBRIDIZATION; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE AB The genetic basis of weedy and invasive traits and their evolution remain poorly understood, but genomic approaches offer tremendous promise for elucidating these important features of weed biology. However, the genomic tools and resources available for weed research are currently meager compared with those available for many crops. Because genomic methodologies are becoming increasingly accessible and less expensive, the time is ripe for weed scientists to incorporate these methods into their research programs. One example is next-generation sequencing technology, which has the advantage of enhancing the sequencing output from the transcriptome of a weedy plant at a reduced cost. Successful implementation of these approaches will require collaborative efforts that focus resources oil common goals and bring together expertise in weed science, Molecular biology, plant physiology, and bioinformatics. We outline how these large-scale genomic programs can aid both our understanding of the biology of weedy and invasive plants and our success at managing these species in agriculture. The judicious selection of species for developing weed genomics programs is needed, and we offer up choices, but no Arabidopsis-like model species exists in the world of weeds. We outline the roadmap for creating a powerful synergy of weed science and genomics, given well-placed effort and resources. C1 [Stewart, C. Neal, Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tranel, Patrick J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Horvath, David P.; Anderson, James V.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Rieseberg, Loren H.; Dlugosch, Katrina M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Westwood, James H.] Virginia Tech, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Mallory-Smith, Carol A.; Zapiola, Maria L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Stewart, CN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM nealstewart@utk.edu RI Rieseberg, Loren/B-3591-2013; OI Rieseberg, Loren/0000-0002-2712-2417; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691; Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Tranel, Patrick/0000-0003-0666-4564; Dlugosch, Katrina/0000-0002-7302-6637 NR 96 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 57 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2009 VL 57 IS 5 BP 451 EP 462 DI 10.1614/WS-09-011.1 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 499FA UT WOS:000270201800002 ER PT J AU Williams, KK McMillin, JD DeGomez, TE AF Williams, Kelly K. McMillin, Joel D. DeGomez, Tom E. TI RELATIVE AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF THREE BARK BEETLE PREDATORS (COLEOPTERA: TROGOSITIDAE, CLERIDAE) ACROSS AN ELEVATION GRADIENT IN PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS OF NORTH CENTRAL ARIZONA SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE predators; bark beetles; abundance; elevation; flight seasonality; ponderosa pine; Enoclerus lecontei; Enoclerus sphegeus; Temnochila chlorodia; Dendroctonus; Ips ID IPS-PINI; NATURAL ENEMIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SCOLYTIDAE; PHEROMONE; RESPONSES; SEMIOCHEMICALS; CALIFORNIA; ATTRACTION AB We examined abundance and flight periodicity of 3 predators of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), Enoclerus sphegeus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), and E. lecontei (Wolcott) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), across all elevational gradient of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson) forests in north central Arizona. Predator populations were estimated at 10 sites in each of 3 elevation bands (low: 1600-1736 m; mid: 2058-2230 m; high: 2505-2651 m) for 3 years (2004-2006) using pheromore-baited funnel traps targeting 3 primary bark beetle species. We also investigated how predator abundance and flight seasonality related to those of 5 bark beetle species: Ips pini (Say), I. lecontei Swaine, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, D. brevicomis Leconte, and D. adjunctus Blandford. Temnochila chlorodia was most abundant in the low- and mid-elevation bands, whereas E. sphegeus was most abundant ill the high-elevation hand. Enoclerus lecontei showed no consistent elevational trend in abundance. Within each elevation band, changes in annual abundance of pooled predator species tracked shifts in abundance of pooled bark beetle species. In general, predator flight initiation coincided with or closely followed hark beetle flight initiation in the spring, but predator flight terminated before flight activity ended for most bark beetle species ill the fill. In addition, the ratio of prey to predators was lowest ill the summer and highest in the fall. This suggests that all bark hectic species examined may be provided temporal escape from their predators in the fall. For all 3 predator species, the pheromone-baited trap targeting D. brevicomis was less attractive than the pheromone-baited traps targeting I. pini and I. lecontei. C1 [McMillin, Joel D.] USDA Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Williams, Kelly K.; DeGomez, Tom E.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP McMillin, JD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jmcmillin@fs.fed.us FU 2004 Forest Service; Forest Health Protection; Western Bark Beetle Research Initiative and Agreement [03-JV-11221605-237]; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Northern Arizona University; University of Arizona; National Fire Plan [01.RMS.B.4] FX We thank Chris Hayes, Andrew Miller, Beverly Loomis, T Seth Davis, Amanda Garcia, Vernon Bunker, Grace Hancock, Ken Baumgartner, Eric Osborne, Wesley Winslow, Mayra Moreno, Laine Smith, Kate Murray, Michelle Schaffer, Andrew Somerville, Juliana Suby, and Marc Trenam for field and lab assistance. Statistical advice provided by Rudy King is greatly appreciated. We thank the Coconino, Kaibab, and Tonto National Forests for permitting our work on public lands. This study was supported by the 2004 Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Western Bark Beetle Research Initiative and Agreement 03-JV-11221605-237 between the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Northern Arizona University, and the University of Arizona, and by the National Fire Plan research project 01.RMS.B.4. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD SEP PY 2009 VL 69 IS 3 BP 351 EP 363 DI 10.3398/064.069.0309 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514QA UT WOS:000271408700009 ER PT J AU Buys, DJ Hilderbrand, RH Kershner, JL AF Buys, David J. Hilderbrand, Robert H. Kershner, Jeffrey L. TI THE EFFECTS OF VARIED DENSITIES ON THE GROWTH AND EMIGRATION OF ADULT CUTTHROAT TROUT AND BROOK TROUT IN FENCED STREAM ENCLOSURES SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE competition; cutthroat trout; brook trout; habitat ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SALMO-TRUTTA; BROWN TROUT; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; CLARKI; PERFORMANCE; HABITAT; IDAHO; CHARR; STEELHEAD AB We evaluated the effects of various density treatments oil adult fish growth and emigration rates between Bonneville cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki utah and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in stream enclosures in Beaver Creek, Idaho. We used 3 density treatments (low, ambient, and high fish densities) to evaluate density-related effects and to ensure a response. Intraspecific ambient-density tests using cutthroat trout only were also performed. Results indicated an absence of cage effects in the stream enclosures and no differences in fish growth between ambient-density stream-enclosure fish and Free-range fish. Brook trout outgrew and moved less than cutthroat trout in the stream enclosures, especially as density increased. I it all 3 density treatments, brook trout gained more weight than cutthroat trout, with brook trout gaining weight in each density treatment and cutthroat trout losing weight at the highest density. At high densities, cutthroat trout attempted to emigrate more frequently than brook trout in sympatry and allopatry. We observed a negative correlation between growth and emigration for interspecific cutthroat trout, indicating a possible competitive response due to the presence of brook trout. We observed similar responses for weight and emigration in trials of allopatric cutthroat trout, indicating strong intraspecific effects as density increased. While cutthroat trout showed a response to experimental manipulation with brook trout at different densities, there has been long-term coexistence between these species in Beaver Creek. This system presents a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms that lead cutthroat trout to coexist with rather than be replaced by nonnative brook trout. C1 [Buys, David J.] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Buys, David J.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hilderbrand, Robert H.] Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Kershner, Jeffrey L.] Utah State Univ, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, USDA Forest Serv, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kershner, JL (reprint author), Montana State Univ, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, 211 AJM Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jkershner@usgs.gov RI Hilderbrand, Robert/H-9807-2013 OI Hilderbrand, Robert/0000-0003-0923-7699 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's; USDA Forest Service Fish and Aquatic Ecology Unit FX Thanks go to Susan Durham for her assistance with statistical analysis and to Drs. Jim McMahon and Todd Crowl for their helpful reviews on previous versions of this manuscript. Thanks also go to biologist Hans Berge who contributed greatly to this work through his advice and field assistance. Funding was graciously provided by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's "Bring Back the Natives" program and also by the USDA Forest Service Fish and Aquatic Ecology Unit. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD SEP PY 2009 VL 69 IS 3 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.3398/064.069.0311 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514QA UT WOS:000271408700011 ER PT J AU Lu, JB Sun, G McNulty, SG Comerford, NB AF Lu, Jianbiao Sun, Ge McNulty, Steven G. Comerford, Nicholas B. TI SENSITIVITY OF PINE FLATWOODS HYDROLOGY TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOREST MANAGEMENT IN FLORIDA, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE ground water; MIKE SHE; modeling; wetland hydrology; wetlands ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DISTRIBUTED MODELING SYSTEM; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; WETLAND; DYNAMICS; CHRONOSEQUENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE; EUROPEEN; SHE AB Pine flatwoods (a mixture of cypress wetlands and managed pine uplands) is an important ecosystem in the southeastern U. S. However, long-term hydrologic impacts of forest management and climate change on this heterogeneous landscape are not well understood. Therefore, this study examined the sensitivity of cypress-pine flatwoods hydrology to climate change and forest management by using the physically based, distributed hydrologic modeling system, MIKE SHE. The model was first calibrated and validated with a long-term data set, and then applied using several hypothetical scenarios developed in north central Florida. Our study showed that MIKE SHE could simulate the temporal and spatial dynamics of the shallow ground-water table. The model also identified and confirmed three horizontal ground-water flow patterns at this study site. The modeling results suggested that forest removal and climate change (i.e., warming and drying) would have pronounced impacts on the ground-water table during the dry periods, but these impacts may be minor under wet conditions at this typical flatwoods landscape. At the landscape scale, depressional wetlands may have higher responses to tree removal and climate change than surrounding uplands. C1 [Lu, Jianbiao; Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven G.] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, So Res Stn, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Comerford, Nicholas B.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lu, JB (reprint author), Greenhorne & OMara Inc, 5565 Centerview Dr,Suite 107, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM jeff_lu2@yahoo.com FU Department of Agriculture Forest Service FX This study was supported by the Southern Global Change Program, U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service in Raleigh, North Carolina. We gratefully acknowledge the insights of two anonymous reviewers, the Associate Editor, and the Editor-in-Chief of Wetlands for their constructive input to improve the original manuscript. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 826 EP 836 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535CO UT WOS:000272944400005 ER PT J AU Bantilan-Smith, M Bruland, GL MacKenzie, RA Henry, AR Ryder, CR AF Bantilan-Smith, Meris Bruland, Gregory L. MacKenzie, Richard A. Henry, Adonia R. Ryder, Christina R. TI A COMPARISON OF THE VEGETATION AND SOILS OF NATURAL, RESTORED, AND CREATED COASTAL LOWLAND WETLANDS IN HAWAI'I SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE creation; hydrologic gradient; invasive species; mitigation; restoration ID ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER WETLANDS; SALT-MARSH; MITIGATION; RESTORATION; SALINITY; PLANT; URBANIZATION; PENNSYLVANIA; PHOSPHORUS AB The loss of coastal wetlands throughout the Hawaiian Islands has increased the numbers of created (CW) and restored (RW) wetlands. An assessment of these wetlands has yet to occur, and it has not been determined whether CWs and RWs provide the same functions as natural wetlands (NWs). To address these concerns, vegetation and soil characteristics of 35 wetlands were compared within sites along hydrologic gradients and among sites with different surface water salinity and status (i.e., CW, RW, NW). Only 16 of 85 plant species identified were native and three of the four most abundant species were exotic. Vegetative characteristics differed primarily across salinity classes, then along hydrologic zones, and to a lesser extent among CWs, RWs, and NWs. Soil properties exhibited fewer differences across salinity classes and along hydrologic zones and greater differences among CWs, RWs, and NWs. The dominant presence of invasive species in coastal Hawaiian wetlands suggests that it will be difficult to locate reference sites that can be used as restoration targets. Differences in edaphic characteristics suggested that RWs/CWs do not exhibit the same functions as NWs. Future restoration and creation should include planting of native vegetation, controlling invasive vegetation, and alleviating inadequate soil conditions. C1 [Bantilan-Smith, Meris; Bruland, Gregory L.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bantilan-Smith, Meris] US Army Corps Engineers, Ft Shafter, HI 96858 USA. [MacKenzie, Richard A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Henry, Adonia R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. [Ryder, Christina R.] Ducks Unltd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Bantilan-Smith, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM bruland@hawaii.edu FU EPA FX We thank K. Peyton, Dr. D. Burney, M. Mitchell, T. Ka'iakapu, G. Blaich, Dr. D. Drigot, M. Silbernagle, S. Pelizza, D. Smith, J. Redunzle, G. Koob, H. deVries, A. Dibben- Young, S. Berkson, Dr. S. Fischer, G. Nakai, Dr. F. Duvall, D. Ivy, Dr. S. Beavers, R. Boston, J. Replogle, D. Riordan, and Propane Pete for help with sampling, site selection, and access, and Dr. D. Vasudevan, C. Browning, G. DeMent, D. Dunkell, C. Unser, B. Matatumua, and B. Bordeaux for field and laboratory assistance. N. Harbottle and the Bishop Museum Staff generously assisted with the plant identifications. Funding for this project was provided by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region IX Wetland Program Development Grant program. Although this research has been funded by the EPA, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 1023 EP 1035 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535CO UT WOS:000272944400024 ER PT J AU Sumner, JP Vepraskas, MJ Kolka, RK AF Sumner, Jaclyn P. Vepraskas, Michael J. Kolka, Randall K. TI METHODS TO EVALUATE NORMAL RAINFALL FOR SHORT-TERM WETLAND HYDROLOGY ASSESSMENT SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE technical standards; water table; wetland delineation; WETS data ID SOILS; MODEL AB Identifying sites meeting wetland hydrology requirements is simple when long-term (>10 years) records are available. Because such data are rare, we hypothesized that a single-year of hydrology data could be used to reach the same conclusion as with long-term data, if the data were obtained during a period of normal or below normal rainfall. Long-term (40-45 years) water-table and rainfall data were obtained for two sites in North Carolina (with modeling), and one site in Minnesota (direct measurements). Single-year wetland hydrology assessments were made using two-rainfall assessment procedures recommended by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers for their Wetland Hydrology Technical Standard, and two other rainfall assessment methods that were modifications of those procedures. Percentages of years meeting wetland-hydrology conditions during normal or drier than normal periods were identified for each plot with each rainfall assessment method. Although the wetland hydrology criterion was met in over 90% of the years across all plots using the long-term records, the four assessment techniques predicted the criterion was met in 41-81% of the years. Based on our results, we recommend that either the Direct Antecedent Rainfall Evaluation Method, or its modified version, be used for wetland hydrology assessment. C1 [Sumner, Jaclyn P.; Vepraskas, Michael J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Sumner, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Michael_Vepraskas@ncsu.edu FU USDA Forest Service [03-JV-11231300-068] FX The research was supported by a grant from the USDA Forest Service, No. 03-JV-11231300-068, for which we are grateful. We would like to thank Drs. Paul Rodrigue (USDA) and Wayne Skaggs (NC State University) for contributing significant ideas that made this work possible. We would also like to thank Carrie Dorrance from the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station for helping acquire the Marcell Experimental Forest data. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 1049 EP 1062 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535CO UT WOS:000272944400026 ER PT J AU Herman-Brunson, KM Jensen, KC Kaczor, NW Swanson, CC Rumble, MA Klaver, RW AF Herman-Brunson, Katie M. Jensen, Kent C. Kaczor, Nicholas W. Swanson, Christopher C. Rumble, Mark A. Klaver, Robert W. TI Nesting ecology of greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus at the eastern edge of their historic distribution SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; eastern range; edge of distribution; habitat; nesting; sage-grouse ID VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; CENTRAL WASHINGTON; INFORMATION-THEORY; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; POPULATION; COVER; PREDATION; MONTANA; OREGON AB Greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus populations in North Dakota declined approximately 67% between 1965 and 2003, and the species is listed its a Priority Level I Species of Special Concern by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. The habitat and ecology of the species at the eastern edge of its historical range is largely unknown. We investigated nest site selection by greater sage-grouse and nest survival in North Dakota during 2005 - 2006. Sage-grouse selected nest sites in sagebrush Artemisia spp. with more total vegetative cover, greater sagebrush density, and greater I-M Visual obstruction from the nest than at random sites. Height of grass and shrub (sagebrush) at nest sites were shorter than at random sites, because areas where sagebrush was common were sites in low seral condition or dense clay or clay-pan soils with low productivity. Constant survival estimates of incubated nests were 33% in 2005 and 30% in 2006. Variables that described the resource selection function for nests were not those that modeled nest survival. Nest Survival was positively influenced by percentage of shrub (sagebrush) cover and grass height. Daily nest survival decreased substantially when percentage of shrub cover declined below about 9% and when grass heights were less than about 16 cm. Daily nest Survival rates decreased with increased daily precipitation. C1 [Rumble, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Herman-Brunson, Katie M.; Jensen, Kent C.; Kaczor, Nicholas W.; Swanson, Christopher C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Rumble, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 8221 S Highway 16, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM kherman20@hotmail.com; Kent.Jensen@sdstate.edu; Nicholas_Kaczor@blm.gov; christopher.swanson@sdstate.edu; mrumble@fs.fed.us; bklaver@usgs.gov FU Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act [W-67-R]; North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Bureau of Land Management [ESA000013]; U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [05-JV-11221609-127]; U.S. Forest Service Dakota prairie National Grasslands [05-CS-11011800-022]; South Dakota State University FX funding for our study was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act (W-67-R) through North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Bureau of Land Management (ESA000013), U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (05-JV-11221609-127), U.S. Forest Service Dakota prairie National Grasslands (05-CS-11011800-022) and support from South Dakota State University. Field assistance was provided by A. Geigle, D. Gardner, C. Berdan and T. Zachmeier. A number Of Volunteers assisted during capture and radio-collaring of hens and chicks. T. Apa assisted with training on trapping techniques. We also acknowledge and appreciate the landowners who granted LIS permission to conduct this study on their lands. R. King provided statistical advice and Support, and J. Connelly and C. Hagen provided comments to earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.2981/09-005 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 511JK UT WOS:000271160100002 ER PT J AU Long, RA Kie, JG Bowyer, RT Hurley, MA AF Long, Ryan A. Kie, John G. Bowyer, R. Terry Hurley, Mark A. TI Resource selection and movements by female mule deer Odocoileus hemionus: effects of reproductive stage SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forage; GPScollars; movement; Odocoileus hemionus; risk of predation; resource selection; timing of parturition ID BLACK-TAILED DEER; NORTH-AMERICAN ELK; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; HABITAT SELECTION; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; ALPINE UNGULATE; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; DIMORPHIC DEER; WILD MAMMALS; TRADE-OFFS AB Recent declines of mule deer Odocoileus hemionus, ostensibly a result of low rates of recruitment, highlight the importance of understanding relationships between parturient females and their critical habitats. We estimated timing of parturition for 20 Mule deer ill northeastern Oregon, USA, using movement data from global positioning system (GPS) collars in 2005 and 2006. We then evaluated patterns of resource selection by female mule deer during late gestation, the week of parturition, and subsequent lactation to determine how different stages of reproduction influenced habitat selection. Movement rates of all but one deer declined sharply between late-May and mid-June, when female mule deer give birth in northeastern Oregon. Patterns of resource selection also varied Substantially relative to the estimated time of parturition. Prior to parturition, female Mule deer selected gentle south-facing slopes dominated by ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa and avoided permanent water sources. Parturient females also selected areas used concurrently by elk Cervus elaphus. Following parturition, however, females selected steep north-facing slopes dominated by fir Abies spp., avoided elk and selected habitat located close to permanent water sources. Stage of reproduction clearly influenced choice of habitat by female mule deer. Mule deer management plans should consider potential seasonal variability in the relative importance of forage, risk of predation and competition. C1 [Long, Ryan A.; Kie, John G.; Bowyer, R. Terry] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Kie, John G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Hurley, Mark A.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Salmon, ID 83467 USA. RP Long, RA (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 921 S 8th Ave,Stop 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM longryan@isu.edu; kiejohn@isu.edu; bowyterr@isu.edu; mhurley@idfg.idaho.gov RI Long, Ryan/B-6472-2012 FU US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; Department of Biological Sciences at Idaho State University FX Our research was supported by the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and the Department of Biological Sciences at Idaho State University. We appreciated the hard work and assistance of Starkey Project personnel., including B. Dick, R. Kennedy, J. Nothwang, J. Boyd and M. Wisdom. We also thank D. Freddy, K. Monteith, J. Whiting and S. Schoen for helpful comments on this manuscript. NR 61 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 61 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 EI 1903-220X J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.2981/09-003 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 511JK UT WOS:000271160100006 ER PT J AU Wolfe, JD Pyle, P Ralph, CJ AF Wolfe, Jared D. Pyle, Peter Ralph, C. John TI BREEDING SEASONS, MOLT PATTERNS, AND GENDER AND AGE CRITERIA FOR SELECTED NORTHEASTERN COSTA RICAN RESIDENT LANDBIRDS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PALEARCTIC PASSERINES; ANNUAL CYCLES; BIRDS; SURVIVAL; OVERLAP; MOVEMENTS; WARBLERS; AFRICA AB Detailed accounts of molt and breeding cycles remain elusive for the majority of resident tropical bird species. We used data derived from a museum review and 12 years of banding data to infer breeding seasonality, molt patterns, and age and gender criteria for 27 common landbird species in northeastern Costa Rica. Prealternate molts appear to be rare, only occurring in one species (Sporophila corvina), while presupplemental molts were not detected. Most of our study species (70%) symmetrically replace flight feathers during the absence of migrant birds; molting during this period may limit resource competition during an energetically taxing phase of the avian life-cycle. C1 [Wolfe, Jared D.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Wolfe, Jared D.; Ralph, C. John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Pyle, Peter] Inst Bird Populat, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Wolfe, JD (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM jdwolfe80@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3 BP 556 EP 567 DI 10.1676/08-111.1 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 492TM UT WOS:000269682500012 ER PT J AU Garwood, JM Pope, KL Bourque, RM Larson, MD AF Garwood, Justin M. Pope, Karen L. Bourque, Ryan M. Larson, Monty D. TI HIGH MOUNTAIN LAKES PROVIDE A SEASONAL NICHE FOR MIGRANT AMERICAN DIPPERS SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALTITUDINAL MIGRATION; CINCLUS-MEXICANUS; ASCAPHUS-TRUEI; ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATION; TADPOLES; DENSITY; STREAMS AB We studied summer use of high elevation lakes by American Dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) in the Trinity Alps Wilderness, California by conducting repeated point-count surveys at 16 study lakes coupled with a 5-year detailed survey of all available aquatic habitats in a single basin. We observed American Dippers during 36% of the point-count surveys and found birds at 10 of 16 study lakes. Over 90% of the American Dipper sightings were in lentic habitats in Deep Creek Basin. Bird presence at a lake was positively correlated with steep rocky littoral zones and high densities of caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae. We also observed numerous successful foraging bouts on juvenile life stages of lentic-breeding amphibians. We did not find any nests at the lakes but did observe juvenile dippers. American Dippers are highly adapted to flowing waters, and our findings coupled with incidental observations from the literature and other researchers, suggests that high elevation lentic waterbodies have been largely overlooked as a seasonal niche for migrant dippers. C1 [Garwood, Justin M.; Larson, Monty D.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Pope, Karen L.; Bourque, Ryan M.; Larson, Monty D.] US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Pope, Karen L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Garwood, JM (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, 50 Ericson Court, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM jgarwood@dfg.ca.gov FU U.S. Forest Service, California Department of Fish and Game; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; California Department of Fish and Game [E-2-F-21, E-2-F-27]; National Science Foundation [DEB 0415505]; UC Water Resources Center; UC Davis Wildlife Health Center; UC Davis Ecology Block Grants; U.S. Forest Service, Redwood Sciences Laboratory FX We thank the excellent field biologists who helped collect the data. J. D. Alexander and N. D. Seavy of the Klamath Bird Observatory helped with bird sampling design on the 16-lake study. H. A. Middleton, I. B. Whitehorne, C. A. Morrissey, and D. J. Green provided valuable information on lake use by American Dippers in British Columbia. H. A. Middleton, S. L. Miller, R. S. Studebaker, D. J. Green, C. A. Morrissey, and C. E. Braun offered helpful insights and comments on previous versions of this manuscript. B. D. Howard provided data base support. Funding for the Echo Lake Basin study was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, California Department of Fish and Game, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. The 16-lake Study was funded by California Department of Fish and Game (ESA Section 6 grants E-2-F-21 and E-2-F-27), National Science Foundation (grant DEB 0415505 to S. P. Lawler, University of California [UC] Davis), UC Water Resources Center (grant W-987 to S. P. Lawler), and the UC Davis Wildlife Health Center. KLP received additional support from UC Davis Ecology Block Grants and the U.S. Forest Service, Redwood Sciences Laboratory. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 121 IS 3 BP 600 EP 609 DI 10.1676/08-117.1 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 492TM UT WOS:000269682500016 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Leytem, AB AF Dungan, Robert S. Leytem, April B. TI Qualitative and quantitative methodologies for determination of airborne microorganisms at concentrated animal-feeding operations SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Airborne microorganisms; Bioaerosol; Concentrated animal-feeding operations; Impaction; Impingement; Nucleic acid; Polymerase chain reaction; Real-time PCR ID REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SWINE CONFINEMENT BUILDINGS; INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; CLASS-B BIOSOLIDS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; LAND APPLICATION; ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS AB The generation of airborne microorganisms from concentrated animal-feeding operations (CAFOs) is a concern from a human and animal health perspective. To better understand the airborne microorganisms found in these environments, a number of collection and analytical techniques have been utilized and will be discussed in this review. The most commonly used bioaerosol collection method is the liquid impingement format, which is suitable with a number of culture-based and non-culture molecular-based approaches, such as polymerase chain reaction. However, the vast majority of airborne microorganism studies conducted at CAFOs utilize culture-based analyses. Because of the limitations often associated with culture-based analyses, we focused our discussion on the application of molecular-based techniques to identify and/or quantify microorganisms, as they have promising application in bioaerosol research. The ability to rapidly characterize airborne microorganisms will help to ensure protection of public and environmental health. C1 [Dungan, Robert S.; Leytem, April B.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 136 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2009 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1505 EP 1518 DI 10.1007/s11274-009-0043-1 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 480JH UT WOS:000268729600001 ER PT J AU Jogiste, K Kuuluvainen, T Moser, WK AF Jogiste, Kalev Kuuluvainen, Timo Moser, W. Keith TI Preface to Spatial and Temporal Reflections of Disturbances in Boreal and Temperate Forests SO ANNALES BOTANICI FENNICI LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS C1 [Jogiste, Kalev] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Kuuluvainen, Timo] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Moser, W. Keith] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jogiste, K (reprint author), Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. EM kalev.jogiste@emu.ee NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD PI UNIV HELSINKI PA P O BOX 26, FI-00014 UNIV HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0003-3847 J9 ANN BOT FENN JI Ann. Bot. Fenn. PD AUG 31 PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 249 EP 250 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 500QH UT WOS:000270318100001 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Polaszek, A AF Buffington, Matthew L. Polaszek, Andrew TI Recent occurrence of Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in Kenya - an important hyperparasitoid of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Coffee pests; biocontrol; biological control; hyperparasitism; superparasitism; secondary parasitoid ID SCOLYTIDAE; PESTS AB The ceraphronid wasp Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) was recently recorded in error as an undescribed species of Aphanogmus. This species is a primary parasitoid on larvae and cocoons of the bethylid Prorops nasuta Waterston, and probably a second bethylid species, Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem. Both bethylids are primary parasitoids, and important biological control agents, of larvae and pupae of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). New host and distribution records are provided for A. dictynna, as well as a diagnosis and comments on its taxonomic relationships. C1 [Buffington, Matthew L.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Polaszek, Andrew] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. [Polaszek, Andrew] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov; ap@nhm.ac.uk FU Natural History Museum, London FX We are grateful to Juliana Jaramillo (ICIPE) and Fernando Vega (ARS, USDA) for submitting specimens for identification and sharing specimens for this research. MLB would like to thank Andy Deans ( North Carolina State Univeristy) for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript as well as help with the determination of Aphanogmus; Norm Woodley and Thomas Henry ( Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA-ARS) and Jeffrey Sosa-Calvo ( University of Maryland/Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution) critically reviewed this work; thanks are given to the Drake Fund ( via Thomas Henry, Systematic Entomology Lab, USDA-ARS) for funding the trip to Nairobi that helped initiate this research; thanks are also given to Robert Copeland ( ICIPE) for logistical support to MLB while in Nairobi. AP thanks the staff and trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, for essential facilities and support. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 31 PY 2009 IS 2214 BP 62 EP 68 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 490GU UT WOS:000269488900004 ER PT J AU Dimberg, LH Peterson, DM AF Dimberg, Lena H. Peterson, David M. TI Phenols in spikelets and leaves of field-grown oats (Avena sativa) with different inherent resistance to crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp avenae) SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE avenanthramides; crown rust; oats; phenols; spikelets; rust resistance ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; HYDROXYCINNAMOYL-COA; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; AVENANTHRAMIDE CONCENTRATIONS; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS; HEAT-TREATMENT; FERULIC ACID; INDUCTION; GROATS; WHEAT AB BACKGROUND: Avenanthramides, health-beneficial phenols in oats, are produced in response to incompatible races of the crown rust fungus, Puccinia coronata, in seedlings of greenhouse-grown oats. This study aimed to elucidate whether avenanthramides and/or other phenolic compounds, together with the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), phenoloxidase (PO) and the avenanthramide biosynthetic enzyme hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: hydroxyanthranilate-N-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HHT), are associated with crown rust infection in mature field-grown oats. Nine oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes with wide variation in crown rust resistance were exposed to naturally occurring fungal spores during the growth period. RESULTS: In the spikelets avenanthramides as well as HHT activities were more abundant in the crown rust resistant genotypes, whereas p-coumaric and caffeic acids were more abundant in the susceptible ones. In the leaves avenanthramides were not associated with resistance. Instead two unknown compounds correlated negatively with the rust score. Phenols released by alkaline hydrolysis and PAL and PO activities were not related to rust infection, either in spikelets or in the leaves. CONCLUSION: Because grains of crown rust-resistant oat genotypes seemed to have higher endogenous levels of health-promoting avenanthramides, use of resistant oats may contribute to a food raw material with health-beneficial effects. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Dimberg, Lena H.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Food Sci, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Peterson, David M.] ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Peterson, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Dimberg, LH (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Food Sci, POB 7051, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Lena.Dimberg@lmv.slu.se NR 59 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG 30 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1815 EP 1824 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3635 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 477GC UT WOS:000268505800002 ER PT J AU Gronwald, JW Jung, HJG Litterer, LA Somers, DA AF Gronwald, John W. Jung, Hans-Joachim G. Litterer, Lynn A. Somers, David A. TI Comparison of post-germination mobilization of cell wall polysaccharides and non-cell wall carbohydrates in soybean (Glycine max L.) cotyledons SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cell wall; cotyledon; galactose; Glycine max; pectin; soybean ID LUPINUS-ANGUSTIFOLIUS L; SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT; RESERVE MOBILIZATION; SUCROSE METABOLISM; BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; LEGUME SEEDS; SOY-BEANS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; EXTRACTION AB BACKGROUND: In previous research, we demonstrated that cell wall polysaccharide (CWP) levels of soybean (Glycine max L.) cotyledons are negatively correlated with the sum of seed oil and protein content. Although the results suggest that reducing cotyledon CWP levels would be desirable, it is not known whether CWP are mobilized during early seedling growth and, if so, to what extent mobilization contributes to seed reserves. RESULTS: Ungerminated (dry) seeds contained equivalent amounts [approximately 20 mg (cotyledon pair)(-1)] of non-cell wall carbohydrates (NCWC) and CWP. Galactose and arabinose accounted for 47% of total CWP in cotyledons of dry seeds. Measured 14 days after planting (DAP), the levels of NCWC and CWP were reduced 98% and 34%, respectively, in cotyledons of seedlings grown under a 16-h photoperiod. Measured 14 DAP, greater than 85% of cotyledon cell wall galactose plus arabinose was mobilized. The transformation of the cotyledon to a photosynthetic organ was associated with restructuring of the cell wall involving increases in uronic acids, glucose and rhamnose. CONCLUSION: CWP of soybean cotyledons are modified during early seedling growth due to mobilization and cell wall restructuring triggered by light. The amount of carbon mobilized makes only a small contribution to total cotyledon reserves. Published 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gronwald, John W.; Jung, Hans-Joachim G.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gronwald, John W.; Jung, Hans-Joachim G.; Litterer, Lynn A.; Somers, David A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gronwald, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM John.Gronwald@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG 30 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 11 BP 1981 EP 1986 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3665 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 477GC UT WOS:000268505800026 ER PT J AU Wang, S Wu, DY Lamon-Fava, S Matthan, NR Honda, KL Lichtenstein, AH AF Wang, Shu Wu, Dayong Lamon-Fava, Stefania Matthan, Nirupa R. Honda, Kaori L. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI In vitro fatty acid enrichment of macrophages alters inflammatory response and net cholesterol accumulation SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE n-6 Fatty acids; n-3 Fatty acids; Macrophages; THP-1 cells; Inflammation; Minimally modified LDL-induced cholesterol accumulation ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; SCAVENGER RECEPTORS; THP-1 MACROPHAGES; GENE-EXPRESSION; N-3; METABOLISM; DISEASE; MARKERS; CELLS AB Dietary long-chain PUFA, both n-3 and n-6, have unique benefits with respect to CVD risk. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA (EPA, DHA) and n-6 PUFA (linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA)) relative to SFA (myristic acid (MA). palmitic acid (PA)) alter markers of inflammation and cholesterol accumulation in macrophages (M(l)). Cells treated with AA and EPA elicited significantly less inflammatory response than control cells or those treated with MA, PA and LA, with intermediate effects for DHA, as indicated by lower levels of mRNA and secretion of TNF alpha, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Differences in cholesterol accumulation after exposure to minimally modified LDL were modest. AA and EPA resulted in significantly lower M Phi scavenger receptor 1 mRNA levels relative to control or MA, PA-, LA- and DHA-treated cells, and ATP-binding cassette A1 mRNA levels relative to control or MA, PA- and LA-treated cells. These data suggest changes in the rate of bidirectional cellular cholesterol flux. In summary, individual long-chain PUFA have differential effects on inflammatory response and markers of cholesterol flux in M Phi which are not related to the it position of the first double bond, chain length or degree of saturation. C1 [Wang, Shu; Wu, Dayong; Lamon-Fava, Stefania; Matthan, Nirupa R.; Honda, Kaori L.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wang, Shu] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nutr Hospitality & Retailing, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Alice.Lichtenstein@Tufts.edu FU National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [T32 HL69772-01A1, R01 HL54727]; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service [2006-35200-17207]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [588-1950-9-001] FX The authors would like to thank Blanche Ip for her technical expertise, and Drs Julian Marsh and Alice Dillard for their thoughtful critical review of the manuscript. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD AUG 28 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 497 EP 501 DI 10.1017/S0007114509231758 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 485RR UT WOS:000269141900004 PM 19660150 ER PT J AU Liu, E McKeown, NM Newby, PK Meigs, JB Vasan, RS Quatromoni, PA D'Agostin, RB Jacques, PF AF Liu, Enju McKeown, Nicola M. Newby, P. K. Meigs, James B. Vasan, Ramachandran S. Quatromoni, Paula A. D'Agostin, Ralph B. Jacques, Paul F. TI Cross-sectional association of dietary patterns with insulin-resistant phenotypes among adults without diabetes in the Framingham Offspring Study SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Dietary patterns; Cluster analysis; Insulin-resistant phenotypes; Framingham Offspring Study ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; SUGAR-SWEETENED DRINKS; METABOLIC RISK-FACTORS; GLYCEMIC INDEX; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; AGED ADULTS; WOMEN AB Cluster analysis is a valuable tool for exploring the health consequences of consuming different dietary patterns. We used this approach to examine the cross-sectional relationship between dietary patterns and insulin-resistant phenotypes, including waist circumference, BMI. fasting insulin, 2h post-challenge insulin, insulin sensitivity index (ISI(0.120)), HDL-cholesterol, TAG and blood pressure, using data from the fifth examination cycle of the Framingham Offspring Study. Among 2875 participants without diabetes, we identified four dietary patterns based on the predominant sources of energy: 'Fruits, Reduced Fat Dairy and Whole Grains', 'Refined Grains and Sweets', 'Beer' and 'Soda'. After adjusting for multiple comparisons and potential confounders, compared with the 'Fruits, Reduced Fat Dairy and Whole Grains' pattern, the 'Refined Grains and Sweets' pattern had significantly higher mean waist circumference (92.4 v. 90.5cm; P=0.008) and BMI (27.3 v. 26.6 kg/m(2); P=0.02); the 'Soda' pattern had significantly higher mean fasting insulin concentration (31.3 v. 28.0 mu U/ml; P <= 0.001); the 'Beer' pattern had significantly higher mean HDL-cholesterol concentration (1-46 v. 1.31 mmol/l; P<0.001). No associations were observed between dietary patterns and ISI(0.120), TAG, and systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Our findings suggest that consumption of a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and reduced-fat dairy protects against insulin-resistant phenotypes and displacing these healthy choices with refined grains, high-fat dairy, sweet baked foods, candy and sugar-sweetened soda may promote insulin-resistant phenotypes. C1 [Liu, Enju; McKeown, Nicola M.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Liu, Enju; McKeown, Nicola M.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Newby, P. K.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Newby, P. K.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Vasan, Ramachandran S.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Framingham Heart Study, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Quatromoni, Paula A.] Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [D'Agostin, Ralph B.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. RP McKeown, NM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM nicola.mckeown@tufts.edu RI liu, enju/B-2136-2010; liu, enju/F-4062-2010; OI Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970 FU US Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]; National Institutes of Health [N01-HC-25195]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) [K24 DK080140, 2K24 HL04334]; General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition FX The supplementary material for this article can be found at http://www.joumals.cambridge.org/bjn NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD AUG 28 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 576 EP 583 DI 10.1017/S0007114509220836 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 485RR UT WOS:000269141900016 PM 19216828 ER PT J AU Prena, J AF Prena, Jens TI The West Indian Peridinetini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE weevils; taxonomy; new species; Piperaceae; West Indies ID CHECKLIST; AMERICA; HAITI AB Two genera and nine species of Peridinetini are recognised in the West Indies; four of the species are newly described. Peridinetus Schonherr is represented in the Greater Antilles by P. concentricus (Olivier), P. decipiens Prena sp. n., P. fuscosignum Prena sp. n., P. poeyi Jacquelin du Val stat. res., P. roeselii (Boheman) and P. sexguttatus (Fabricius) comb. n. and Palliolatrix Prena in the Lesser Antilles by P. insignis (Chevrolat), P. lateropicta Prena sp. n. and P. silacea Prena sp. n. Ephimerus Schonherr is synonymised with Peridinetus (syn. n.). The overlooked synonymy of Peridinetus signatus Rosenschold with P. concentricus is reinstated. Habitus images, distribution maps and a key for identification are provided. C1 [Prena, Jens] Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Prena, J (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jens.prena@ars.usda.gov FU Harvard University; SELF fund FX Sincere thanks are extended to everyone who collected and provided specimens. Bert Viklund facilitated my study at the NHM Stockholm in 2006 and 2009. Geoff Hancock (HMUG) located the syntypes of Curculio sexguttatus Fabricius and sent digital images. Norm Woodley, Daniel Perez, Al Norrbom, Miguel Alonso-Zarazaga, an anonymous reviewer and subject editor Rolf Oberprieler commented on earlier versions or aspects of the manuscript and made valuable suggestions. Collections work in 2009 was supported by an Ernst Mayr Grant from Harvard University and the SELF fund; these aids are acknowledged and sincerely appreciated. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 27 PY 2009 IS 2210 BP 51 EP 64 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 489SG UT WOS:000269442100003 ER PT J AU Pina, DS Tedeschi, LO Valadares, SC Azevedo, JAG Detmann, E Anderson, R AF Pina, D. S. Tedeschi, L. O. Valadares Filho, S. C. Azevedo, J. A. G. Detmann, E. Anderson, R. TI Influence of calcium oxide level and time of exposure to sugarcane on in vitro and in situ digestive kinetics SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calcium oxide; Gas production; Sugarcane; Digestive kinetics ID GAS-PRODUCTION; FIBER DIGESTION; DETERGENT FIBER; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; RUMEN; INVITRO; ALKALI; POLYSACCHARIDES; DIGESTIBILITY; FERMENTATION AB These experiments were carried out to evaluate, using in vitro and in situ techniques, the effects of three inclusion levels of calcium oxide (0, 5, and 10 g/kg of sugarcane fresh matter) and four exposure times (0.24. 48, and 72 h) of sugarcane to calcium oxide on the chemical composition and digestive kinetic parameters of sugarcane. The treatments were arranged in a 3 by 4 factorial design. Freshly-cut sugarcane (whole plant) was treated with calcium oxide and separated into 12 piles inside a barn to prevent direct exposure to sunlight, rain, and wind. Every day, before and after animal feeding, the calcium oxide was proportionally hand-mixed with approximately 150 kg of freshly-cut sugarcane to make up the dietary treatments. The lowest (Ti) and greatest (Ts) temperature and pH of the treated sugarcane piles were measured immediately before and after sampling, respectively. The ether extract (EE) and DM were not affected (P>0.05) by either exposure time or inclusion level. However, CP increased linearly (P=0.01) and OM decreased linearly (P<0.0001) as the exposure time and calcium oxide inclusion level increased. Interactions between inclusion level and exposure time on DM, CM, CP, EE, Ti, and Ts were not observed. However, significant interactions were detected for non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC), neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), and pH. A quadratic effect of exposure time on the Ti and Ts was observed (P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). The maximum temperature was reached with approximately 51 h of exposure time. Calcium oxide positively affected the insoluble potentially digestible fraction of sugarcane DM and aNDF (P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively), and the indigestible fraction of sugarcane aNDF(P=0.001). Interactions between inclusion level and exposure time on soluble and indigestible fractions of sugarcane DM (P=0.0001 and P=0.01, respectively) were found. However, no interactions (P>0.27) were found between inclusion level and exposure time on aNDF digestive kinetic parameters. The fractional digestion rate (kd) of sugarcane OM and aNDF was not influenced by treatments (P>0.05). The mean values of kd for sugarcane OM and aNDF were 0.0235 and 0.0215/h, respectively. The gas production kinetics parameters were not affected (P>0.05) by treatments. In conclusion, the inclusion of calcium oxide improved the in situ potentially digestible fraction of sugarcane DM and aNDF; however, it did not influence the fractional digestion rate. No effects were observed on the in vitro digestive kinetic parameters. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pina, D. S.; Tedeschi, L. O.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Pina, D. S.; Valadares Filho, S. C.; Azevedo, J. A. G.; Detmann, E.] Univ Fed Vicosa, BR-36571 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Anderson, R.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Tedeschi, LO (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM luis.tedeschi@tamu.edu RI CA, Inct/J-9546-2013; Tedeschi, Luis/C-4395-2016 OI Tedeschi, Luis/0000-0003-1883-4911 FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil); Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG, Brazil) FX We thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil) and the Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG, Brazil) for financial support. Appreciation is extended to the staff of the Animal Science Department of the Federal University of Vicosa for their assistance in conducting this experiment, and to students and staff of the Ruminant Nutrition Laboratory at Texas A&M University. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.06.005 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 493IJ UT WOS:000269729700010 ER PT J AU Fish, WW Bruton, BD Russo, VM AF Fish, Wayne W. Bruton, Benny D. Russo, Vincent M. TI Watermelon juice: a promising feedstock supplement, diluent, and nitrogen supplement for ethanol biofuel production SO BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS LA English DT Article AB Background: Two economic factors make watermelon worthy of consideration as a feedstock for ethanol biofuel production. First, about 20% of each annual watermelon crop is left in the field because of surface blemishes or because they are misshapen; currently these are lost to growers as a source of revenue. Second, the neutraceutical value of lycopene and L-citrulline obtained from watermelon is at a threshold whereby watermelon could serve as starting material to extract and manufacture these products. Processing of watermelons to produce lycopene and L-citrulline, yields a waste stream of watermelon juice at the rate of over 500 L/t of watermelons. Since watermelon juice contains 7 to 10% (w/v) directly fermentable sugars and 15 to 35 mu mol/ml of free amino acids, its potential as feedstock, diluent, and nitrogen supplement was investigated in fermentations to produce bioethanol. Results: Complete watermelon juice and that which did not contain the chromoplasts (lycopene), but did contain free amino acids, were readily fermentable as the sole feedstock or as diluent, feedstock supplement, and nitrogen supplement to granulated sugar or molasses. A minimum level of similar to 400 mg N/L (similar to 15 mu mol/ml amino nitrogen) in watermelon juice was required to achieve maximal fermentation rates when it was employed as the sole nitrogen source for the fermentation. Fermentation at pH 5 produced the highest rate of fermentation for the yeast system that was employed. Utilizing watermelon juice as diluent, supplemental feedstock, and nitrogen source for fermentation of processed sugar or molasses allowed complete fermentation of up to 25% (w/v) sugar concentration at pH 3 (0.41 to 0.46 g ethanol per g sugar) or up to 35% (w/v) sugar concentration at pH 5 with a conversion to 0.36 to 0.41 g ethanol per g sugar. Conclusion: Although watermelon juice would have to be concentrated 2.5- to 3-fold to serve as the sole feedstock for ethanol biofuel production, the results of this investigation indicate that watermelon juice, either as whole juice fermented on-site or as a waste stream from neutraceutical production, could easily integrate with other more concentrated feedstocks where it could serve as diluent, supplemental feedstock, and nitrogen supplement. C1 [Fish, Wayne W.; Bruton, Benny D.; Russo, Vincent M.] ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK USA. RP Fish, WW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK USA. EM wfish-usda@lane-ag.org; bbruton-usda@lane-ag.org; vrusso-usda@lane-ag.org NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-6834 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOFUELS JI Biotechnol. Biofuels PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 2 AR 18 DI 10.1186/1754-6834-2-18 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 523SM UT WOS:000272094800001 PM 19709399 ER PT J AU de Crecy, E Jaronski, S Lyons, B Lyons, TJ Keyhani, NO AF de Crecy, Eudes Jaronski, Stefan Lyons, Benjamin Lyons, Thomas J. Keyhani, Nemat O. TI Directed evolution of a filamentous fungus for thermotolerance SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; ORTHOPTERA ACRIDIDAE; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VARIABILITY; VIRULENCE AB Background: Filamentous fungi are the most widely used eukaryotic biocatalysts in industrial and chemical applications. Consequently, there is tremendous interest in methodology that can use the power of genetics to develop strains with improved performance. For example, Metarhizium anisopliae is a broad host range entomopathogenic fungus currently under intensive investigation as a biologically based alternative to chemical pesticides. However, it use is limited by the relatively low tolerance of this species to abiotic stresses such as heat, with most strains displaying little to no growth between 35-37 degrees C. In this study, we used a newly developed automated continuous culture method called the Evolugator(TM) which takes advantage of a natural selection-adaptation strategy, to select for thermotolerant variants of M. anisopliae strain 2575 displaying robust growth at 37 degrees C. Results: Over a 4 month time course, 22 cycles of growth and dilution were used to select 2 thermotolerant variants of M. anisopliae. Both variants displayed robust growth at 36.5 degrees C, whereas only one was able to grow at 37 degrees C. Insect bioassays using Melanoplus sanguinipes (grasshoppers) were also performed to determine if thermotolerant variants of M. anisopliae retained entomopathogenicity. Assays confirmed that thermotolerant variants were, indeed, entomopathogenic, albeit with complex alterations in virulence parameters such as lethal dose responses (LD(50)) and median survival times (ST(50)). Conclusion: We report the experimental evolution of a filamentous fungus via the novel application of a powerful new continuous culture device. This is the first example of using continuous culture to select for complex phenotypes such as thermotolerance. Temperature adapted variants of the insect-pathogenic, filamentous fungus M. anisopliae were isolated and demonstrated to show vigorous growth at a temperature that is inhibitory for the parent strain. Insect virulence assays confirmed that pathogenicity can be retained during the selection process. In principle, this technology can be used to adapt filamentous fungi to virtually any environmental condition including abiotic stress and growth substrate utilization. C1 [Keyhani, Nemat O.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [de Crecy, Eudes; Lyons, Benjamin; Lyons, Thomas J.] Evolugate LLC, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. [Jaronski, Stefan] USDA ARS NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Keyhani, NO (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM acp@evolugate.com; Stefan.Jaronski@ARS.USDA.GOV; blyons@evolugate.com; tomlyons@evolugate.com; keyhani@ufl.edu RI Jaronski, Stefan/E-8507-2012; Keyhani, Nemat/I-8150-2013 OI Jaronski, Stefan/0000-0002-7789-0406; NR 40 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 74 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-9-74 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 500JF UT WOS:000270294300001 PM 19709419 ER PT J AU Xu, WW Cho, S Yang, SS Bolon, YT Bilgic, H Jia, HY Xiong, YW Muehlbauer, GJ AF Xu, Wayne Wenzhong Cho, Seungho Yang, S. Samuel Bolon, Yung-Tsi Bilgic, Hatice Jia, Haiyan Xiong, Yanwen Muehlbauer, Gary J. TI Single-feature polymorphism discovery by computing probe affinity shape powers SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SHORT OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; SNP DISCOVERY; GENOME; ARRAY; SEQUENCE; TRANSCRIPTOME; MODEL; DNA AB Background: Single-feature polymorphism (SFP) discovery is a rapid and cost-effective approach to identify DNA polymorphisms. However, high false positive rates and/or low sensitivity are prevalent in previously described SFP detection methods. This work presents a new computing method for SFP discovery. Results: The probe affinity differences and affinity shape powers formed by the neighboring probes in each probe set were computed into SFP weight scores. This method was validated by known sequence information and was comprehensively compared with previously-reported methods using the same datasets. A web application using this algorithm has been implemented for SFP detection. Using this method, we identified 364 SFPs in a barley near-isogenic line pair carrying either the wild type or the mutant uniculm2 (cul2) allele. Most of the SFP polymorphisms were identified on chromosome 6H in the vicinity of the Cul2 locus. Conclusion: This SFP discovery method exhibits better performance in specificity and sensitivity over previously-reported methods. It can be used for other organisms for which GeneChip technology is available. The web-based tool will facilitate SFP discovery. The 364 SFPs discovered in a barley near-isogenic line pair provide a set of genetic markers for fine mapping and future map-based cloning of the Cul2 locus. C1 [Xu, Wayne Wenzhong] Univ Minnesota, Supercomp Inst Adv Computat Res, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Cho, Seungho; Bilgic, Hatice; Jia, Haiyan; Xiong, Yanwen; Muehlbauer, Gary J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Yang, S. Samuel; Bolon, Yung-Tsi] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Cho, Seungho] BASF Plant Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Xu, WW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Supercomp Inst Adv Computat Res, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM wxu@msi.umn.edu; seungho.cho@basf.com; sam.yang@ars.usda.gov; yung-tsi.bolon@ars.usda.gov; bilgi001@umn.edu; jiax0017@umn.edu; xiong322@umn.edu; muehl003@umn.edu RI Bilgic Lim, Hatice/B-9081-2013 OI Bilgic Lim, Hatice/0000-0002-4225-7176 FU United States Department of Agriculture-CSREES-NRI Plant Growth and Development program [2004-03440]; U. S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative; Minnesota Small Grains Initiative; Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council FX We would like to thank Dr. X. Cui for providing the PAOP source code. We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions that have improved this paper. We are grateful for resources from the University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute for Advanced Computational Research. This research was supported by grants to GJM from the United States Department of Agriculture-CSREES-NRI Plant Growth and Development program grant # 2004-03440, from the U. S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, from the Minnesota Small Grains Initiative, and from the Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 48 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-10-48 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 501DQ UT WOS:000270360100001 PM 19709416 ER PT J AU White, PM Potter, TL Strickland, TC AF White, Paul M. Potter, Thomas L. Strickland, Timothy C. TI Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Soil Microbial Phospholipid and Neutral Lipid Fatty Acids SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soil microbial lipid analysis; pressurized liquid extraction; phospholipid and neutral lipid fatty acids; fatty acid methyl esters ID ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; BIOMARKERS; PLFA; SYSTEMS; SAMPLES; CARBON AB Soil microbial lipid biomarkers are indicators of viable microbial biomass and community structure. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of soil phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFA) was compared to a conventional extraction method in four soils with differing physical and chemical properties. PLE efficiency was greater than that of the conventional method for about half of the saturated PLFA and for selected other Gram-positive (06:0) and Gram-negative bacteria (18:1 omega 7c) PLFA, fungal PLFA (18:2 omega 6,9c), and eukaryotic NLFA from a coarse-textured soil. Lipids extracted by the two methods did not indicate a significant difference in microbial community structure data. Principle component analysis revealed that PLFA clustered by location, with data indicating that the group of microbes contributing the greatest weight differed among soils. Overall, the PLE method proved to be more efficient at extracting soilborne microbial lipids while not altering microbial Community information. These advantages indicate the PLE method is robust and well-suited to soil microbial ecology research. C1 [White, Paul M.; Potter, Thomas L.; Strickland, Timothy C.] USDA ARS, Pesticide Residue Lab, SE Watershed Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP White, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pesticide Residue Lab, SE Watershed Res Unit, 2381 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Paul.White@ars.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 16 BP 7171 EP 7177 DI 10.1021/jf901257n PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 484KI UT WOS:000269042900002 PM 19624130 ER PT J AU Smith, D Smith, L Shafer, W Klotz, J Strickland, J AF Smith, Darrin Smith, Lori Shafer, Wilson Klotz, James Strickland, James TI Development and Validation of an LC-MS Method for Quantitation of Ergot Alkaloids in Lateral Saphenous Vein Tissue SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ergot alkaloids; LC-MS; quantitation; vein tissue ID QUADRUPOLE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TALL FESCUE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ERGOPEPTINE ALKALOIDS; PERFORMANCE; ERGOVALINE; BIOASSAY; PLANT; GRASS; HPLC AB A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for simultaneous quantitation of seven ergot alkaloids (lysergic acid, ergonovine, ergovaline, ergocornine, ergotamine, ergocryptine, and ergocristine) in vascular tissue was developed and validated. Reverse-phase chromatography, Coupled to an electrospray ionization source, was used to separate and ionize alkaloids. Singly protonated molecular ions for each alkaloid and methysergide (internal standard), were detected by single-ion monitoring (SIM). Calibration curves were obtained over a linear range of 0.1 to 40 pmol on column with correlation coefficients better than 0.994, Method recoveries were 68.4% to 111.0%. Intra-assay precision was 3.4% to 16.1%. Matrix effects were observed and overcome by introducing matrix components into calibrant solutions to create matrix-diluted standards. Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.05 pmol and 0.1 pmol, respectively. Method ruggedness tests resulted in recoveries of 86.1 to 122% with an interassay precision of 7.9% to 22.8%. These results indicate that this method is suitable for quantitation of alkaloids extracted from in vitro-exposed vascular tissue. C1 [Smith, Darrin; Shafer, Wilson] Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. [Smith, Lori; Klotz, James; Strickland, James] USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Smith, D (reprint author), Eastern Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, 521 Lancaster Ave, Richmond, KY 40475 USA. EM darrin.smith@eku.edu NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 16 BP 7213 EP 7220 DI 10.1021/jf901086q PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 484KI UT WOS:000269042900008 PM 19642695 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, BW Eggleston, G Sammataro, D Cornett, C Dufault, R Deeby, T St Cyr, E AF LeBlanc, Blaise W. Eggleston, Gillian Sammataro, Diana Cornett, Charles Dufault, Renee Deeby, Thomas St Cyr, Eldwin TI Formation of Hydroxymethylfurfural in Domestic High-Fructose Corn Syrup and Its Toxicity to the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE High-fructose corn syrup; hydroxymethylfurfural; honey bees; Apis mellifera; HMF ID FOOD; HMF AB In the United States, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has become a sucrose replacement for honey bees and has widespread use as a sweetener in many processed foods and beverages for human consumption. It is utilized by commercial beekeepers as a food for honey bees for several reasons: to promote brood production, after bees have been moved for commercial pollination, and when field-gathered nectar sources are scarce. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a heat-formed contaminant and is the most noted toxin to honey bees. Currently, there are no rapid field tests that would alert beekeepers of dangerous levels of HMF in HFCS or honey. In this study, the initial levels and the rates of formation of HMF at four temperatures were evaluated in U.S.-available HFCS samples. Different HFCS brands were analyzed and compared for acidity and metal ions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Levels of HMF in eight HFCS products were evaluated over 35 days, and the data were fit to polynomial and exponential equations, with excellent correlations. The data can be used by beekeepers to predict HMF formation on storage. Caged bee studies were conducted to evaluate the HMF dose-response effect on bee mortality. Finally, commercial bases such as lime, potash, and caustic soda were added to neutralize hydronium ion in HMF samples, and the rates of HMF formation were compared at 45 degrees C. C1 [Eggleston, Gillian] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [LeBlanc, Blaise W.; Sammataro, Diana; Deeby, Thomas] ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Cornett, Charles] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Engn Phys, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. [Dufault, Renee] United Tribes Tech Coll, Bismarck, ND 58504 USA. RP LeBlanc, BW (reprint author), Pima Community Coll W Campus, 2202 W Anklam Rd, Tucson, AZ 85709 USA. EM blaise_LL@hotmail.com NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 16 BP 7369 EP 7376 DI 10.1021/jf9014526 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 484KI UT WOS:000269042900031 PM 19645504 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Harnly, JM AF Lin, Long-Ze Harnly, James M. TI Identification of the Phenolic Components of Collard Greens, Kale, and Chinese Broccoli SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Collard greens; kale; Chinese broccoli; Brassica vegetables; flavonoids; hydroxycinnamates; LC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis ID BRASSICA-RAPA L.; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHINENSIS VAR. COMMUNIS; SUBSP SYLVESTRIS L.; HPLC-DAD; HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS; RED CABBAGE; ESI-MSN; FLAVONOIDS; ANTIOXIDANT AB An LC-MS profiling method was used for a comprehensive study of the phenolic components of collard greens, kale, and Chinese broccoli, three Brassica green leafy vegetables. This study led to the identification of 45 flavonoids and 13 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in the three vegetables. Most of the identifications were based on comparison of compounds previously reported in the literature for Brassica vegetables. The results indicate that the three materials have very similar phenolic component profiles. For each, kaempferol glycosides and acylgentiobiosides were the major phenolic compounds, quercetin glycosides were minor compounds, and most of the flavononol glycosides existed in their acylated forms. In addition, each of the materials contained caffeoyl-, p-coumaroyl-, and feruloylquinic acid monomers with a 3-position derivative as the dominant isomer. This is the first report for most of these phenolics in collard greens and Chinese broccoli and for >= 20 of them in kale. C1 [Lin, Long-Ze; Harnly, James M.] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 161,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Longze.lin@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 16 BP 7401 EP 7408 DI 10.1021/jf901121v PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 484KI UT WOS:000269042900035 PM 19627150 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Koskinen, WC Yates, SR AF Papiernik, Sharon K. Koskinen, William C. Yates, Scott R. TI Solute Transport in Eroded and Rehabilitated Prairie Landforms. 1. Nonreactive Solute SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bromide; frozen soil; leaching; plant uptake; soil-landscape rehabilitation; slope ID FIELD CONDITIONS; BROMIDE; LANDSCAPE; SOIL; TILLAGE; DISSIPATION; WETLAND; PLANTS; WATER AB Information regarding solute and water transport as affected by soil properties, topography, and climatic conditions is required to improve and validate transport models. This study evaluated the dissipation of bromide applied to the soil surface in the fall and spring to undisturbed (eroded) and rehabilitated landforms, in which topsoil was moved from depositional areas to the eroded upper slope. Despite large changes in soil properties, the amount and center of mass of bromide remaining in the top 1 m of soil was the same in undisturbed and rehabilitated plots. Approximately 60% of the fall-applied bromide was lost during the winter and early spring, presumably due to leaching and runoff. The center of mass of spring-applied bromide remained at depths of <30 cm. At the end of the experiment, 33% of the spring-applied bromide was detected in soil and 56% in corn plants. These results suggest that little bromide was leached out of the root zone in the spring and that plant uptake was a major route of bromide dissipation during the growing season. C1 [Papiernik, Sharon K.] ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Koskinen, William C.] ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Yates, Scott R.] ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 16 BP 7427 EP 7433 DI 10.1021/jf901333k PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 484KI UT WOS:000269042900039 PM 19653694 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Koskinen, WC Yates, SR AF Papiernik, Sharon K. Koskinen, William C. Yates, Scott R. TI Solute Transport in Eroded and Rehabilitated Prairie Landforms. 2. Reactive Solute SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Frozen soil; leaching; metolachlor; soil-landscape rehabilitation; slope; weed control ID IN-GROUND WATER; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; LANDSCAPE POSITION; SOIL PROPERTIES; HERBICIDE LOSSES; SURFACE WATERS; UNITED-STATES; METOLACHLOR; ATRAZINE; FIELD AB The impact of varying soil, landscape, and climate conditions on the off-site transport of pesticides must be determined to develop improved pesticide management practices. This study quantified the rate of S-metolachlor dissipation after fall and spring application in eroded and rehabilitated landforms in which topsoil was moved from the lower slope to the upper slope. Fall-applied metolachlor provided no control of annual grasses because similar to 80% was removed from the root zone during the winter and early spring, presumably by leaching and runoff. S-Metolachlor dissipated in the spring with a DT(50) of 24-29 days. These results suggest that fall-applied metolachlor may not provide economic weed control and presents an increased risk of water contamination. Although landscape position and bulk soil movement within the landform had a large impact on soil properties, no significant differences in metolachlor dissipation between different landscape positions and between eroded and rehabilitated landforms were observed. C1 [Papiernik, Sharon K.] ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Koskinen, William C.] ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Yates, Scott R.] ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 16 BP 7434 EP 7439 DI 10.1021/jf901334t PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 484KI UT WOS:000269042900040 PM 19653695 ER PT J AU Qian, MC Fang, Y Shellie, K AF Qian, Michael C. Fang, Yu Shellie, Krista TI Volatile Composition of Merlot Wine from Different Vine Water Status SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Wine volatile; water stress; irrigation; norisoprenoids; beta-damascenone; stir bar sorption extraction ID VITIS-VINIFERA L.; PINOT-NOIR WINES; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ISOTOPE DILUTION ASSAY; CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; SENSORY ATTRIBUTES; AROMA; IRRIGATION; ODORANTS AB The impact of deficit irrigation during berry development on Merlot wine volatile composition was investigated in this study. Own-rooted Merlot vines grown in a commercial vineyard in Idaho were supplied with 100 or 35% of their estimated crop evapotranspiration needs throughout the berry development. Wines were produced from those grapes from the 2002, 2003, and 2004 growing seasons. Volatile compounds in the wines were analyzed using the stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. The results demonstrated that despite vintage differences in volatile composition, in each of 3 years of this study, deficit irrigation during berry development had a consistent effect on wine volatile composition. Wine produced from deficit-irrigated vines had increased amounts of vitispiranes, beta-damascenone, guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol, and 4-vinylguaiacol relative to wine produced from well-watered vines. Deficit irrigation had no effect on the concentrations of other measured volatiles such as esters and terpenes. C1 [Qian, Michael C.; Fang, Yu] Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Shellie, Krista] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Qian, MC (reprint author), 100 Wiegand Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Michael.qian@oregonstate.edu NR 31 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 26 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 16 BP 7459 EP 7463 DI 10.1021/jf9009558 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 484KI UT WOS:000269042900044 PM 19627143 ER PT J AU Walia, H Wilson, C Ismail, AM Close, TJ Cui, XP AF Walia, Harkamal Wilson, Clyde Ismail, Abdelbagi M. Close, Timothy J. Cui, Xinping TI Comparing genomic expression patterns across plant species reveals highly diverged transcriptional dynamics in response to salt stress SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; GOLDEN PROMISE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SALINITY STRESS; ABIOTIC STRESS; RICE; BARLEY; GROWTH; ROOTS; THELLUNGIELLA AB Background: Rice and barley are both members of Poaceae (grass family) but have a marked difference in salt tolerance. The molecular mechanism underlying this difference was previously unexplored. This study employs a comparative genomics approach to identify analogous and contrasting gene expression patterns between rice and barley. Results: A hierarchical clustering approach identified several interesting expression trajectories among rice and barley genotypes. There were no major conserved expression patterns between the two species in response to salt stress. A wheat salt-stress dataset was queried for comparison with rice and barley. Roughly one-third of the salt-stress responses of barley were conserved with wheat while overlap between wheat and rice was minimal. These results demonstrate that, at transcriptome level, rice is strikingly different compared to the more closely related barley and wheat. This apparent lack of analogous transcriptional programs in response to salt stress is further highlighted through close examination of genes associated with root growth and development. Conclusion: The analysis provides support for the hypothesis that conservation of transcriptional signatures in response to environmental cues depends on the genetic similarity among the genotypes within a species, and on the phylogenetic distance between the species. C1 [Walia, Harkamal] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Close, Timothy J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Wilson, Clyde] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. [Cui, Xinping] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Stat, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Walia, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM hwalia@ucdavis.edu; Clyde.Wilson@ars.usda.gov; abdelbagi.ismail@cgiar.org; timothy.close@ucr.edu; xinping.cui@ucr.edu FU International Rice Research Institute USAID Linkage Program [DPPC2006144] FX We wish to thank Don Layfield (U. S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, USA) for ion analysis. We will like to thank Dr. Shane Sanders and Dr. Timothy Henkel for editing the manuscript. This work was supported by an International Rice Research Institute USAID Linkage Program grant DPPC2006144. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 398 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-398 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 501PO UT WOS:000270394000003 PM 19706179 ER PT J AU Page, JH Ma, J Chiuve, SE Stampfer, MJ Selhub, J Manson, JE Rimm, EB AF Page, John H. Ma, Jing Chiuve, Stephanie E. Stampfer, Meir J. Selhub, Jacob Manson, Joann E. Rimm, Eric B. TI Plasma Vitamin B-6 and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Women SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; myocardial infarction; nutrition; risk factors; women ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE; B-VITAMINS; FOLIC-ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS; CREATININE CLEARANCE; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; ENZYMES; FOLATE; PYRIDOXAL-5'-PHOSPHATE AB Background-We prospectively evaluated the relationships between fasting plasma levels of vitamin B-6, as pyridoxal phosphate, and subsequent myocardial infarction risk in women. Methods and Results-Among 32 826 women who provided blood samples between 1989 and 1990 (27% of the original 1976 cohort), 239 were diagnosed with incident myocardial infarction (fatal and nonfatal) after blood collection but before July 1998. Of these women, 144 had provided a sample after fasting >10 hours. Cases were matched 1: 2 by age, cigarette smoking status, and month of and fasting status at the time of blood collection with controls from the same cohort. Conditional logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders, including traditional coronary risk factors, anthropometric factors, dietary intake, and selected biomarkers. Median age at blood collection was 63 years. Plasma levels of pyridoxal phosphate were inversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction; the multivariable-adjusted rate ratio for the highest compared with the lowest quartiles (>70 versus >27.9 pmol/mL) was 0.22 (95% confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.55; P for trend = 0.05). The association varied by age: among women who were <60 years of age at blood sampling, the rate ratio comparing the highest and lowest quartiles was 0.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.004 to 0.61), whereas among older women, the corresponding rate ratio was 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.13 to 1.02). Conclusions-Fasting plasma concentration of pyridoxal phosphate was inversely associated with myocardial infarction risk, an effect that was in part independent of dietary B6 intake. In addition to dietary vitamin B6 intake, there are other determinants of plasma vitamin B6 status, and these factors warrant further research. (Circulation. 2009; 120: 649-655.) C1 [Page, John H.; Ma, Jing; Stampfer, Meir J.; Manson, Joann E.; Rimm, Eric B.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Page, John H.; Stampfer, Meir J.; Manson, Joann E.; Rimm, Eric B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chiuve, Stephanie E.; Stampfer, Meir J.; Rimm, Eric B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stampfer, Meir J.; Manson, Joann E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Page, JH (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM john_page@post.harvard.edu FU National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, [HL34594]; American Heart Association [0475016N] FX This study was supported by Public Health Service grant HL34594 from the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, and a grant from Merck. Dr Page was supported by American Heart Association award 0475016N. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 120 IS 8 BP 649 EP 655 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.809038 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 487CR UT WOS:000269248700001 PM 19667235 ER PT J AU Hales, TC Ford, CR Hwang, T Vose, JM Band, LE AF Hales, T. C. Ford, C. R. Hwang, T. Vose, J. M. Band, L. E. TI Topographic and ecologic controls on root reinforcement SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID OREGON COAST RANGE; CONTRASTING IRRADIANCE ENVIRONMENTS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; SHALLOW-SLOPE STABILITY; RHODODENDRON-MAXIMUM L; SOIL SHEAR-STRENGTH; TREE ROOTS; TENSILE-STRENGTH; FOREST; ARCHITECTURE AB Shallow landslides are a significant hazard in steep, soil-mantled landscapes. During intense rainfall events, the distribution of shallow landslides is controlled by variations in landscape gradient, the frictional and cohesive properties of soil and roots, and the subsurface hydrologic response. While gradients can be estimated from digital elevation models, information on soil and root properties remains sparse. We investigated whether geomorphically controlled variations in ecology affect the spatial distribution of root cohesion by measuring the distribution and tensile strength of roots from soil pits dug downslope of 15 native trees in the southern Appalachian Mountains, North Carolina, United States. Root tensile strengths from different hardwood tree species were similar and consistently higher than the only native shrub species measured (Rhododendron maximum). Roots were stronger in trees found on noses (areas of divergent topography) relative to those in hollows (unchanneled, convergent topography) coincident with the variability in cellulose content. This cellulose variability is likely related to topographic differences in soil water potential. For all species, roots were concentrated close to the soil surface, with roots in hollows being more evenly distributed in the soil column than those on noses. Trees located on noses had higher mean root cohesion than those in hollows because of a higher root tensile force. R. maximum had the shallowest, weakest roots suggesting that recent expansion of this species due to fire suppression has likely lowered the root cohesion of some hollows. Quantification of this feedback between physiologic controls on root growth and slope hydrology has allowed us to create a curvature-based model of root cohesion that is a significant improvement on current models that assume a spatially averaged value. C1 [Hales, T. C.; Hwang, T.; Band, L. E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Ford, C. R.; Vose, J. M.] US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Hales, TC (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3YE, S Glam, Wales. EM halest@cardiff.ac.uk RI Hales, TC/D-2769-2009; OI Hales, Tristram/0000-0002-3330-3302 FU USDA Forest Service FX Funding was provided by a USDA Forest Service cooperative agreement to Band. Many thanks to Daniel Band and Jenny Riker, whose mastery of pick, shovel, and paint brush were invaluable in the field. Many thanks also to Rick Wooten and his crew of dedicated landslide mappers at the North Carolina Geological Survey for valuable discussions, field trips, and access to their landslide maps. The North Carolina Department of Transportation ran our triaxial shear tests. Many thanks for detailed revisions by Kevin Schmidt and two anonymous reviewers that improved the manuscript significantly. NR 86 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD AUG 25 PY 2009 VL 114 AR F03013 DI 10.1029/2008JF001168 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 488LK UT WOS:000269351000001 ER PT J AU Zhaurova, K Wharton, R AF Zhaurova, Kira Wharton, Robert TI A revision of Physotarsus Townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae), with description of 18 new species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Scolobatini; Argidae; parasitoid AB The species of Physotarsus Townes are revised. Physotarsus is expanded to include 18 new species: P. albus Zhaurova, n. sp. (Brazil), P. claviger Zhaurova, n. sp. (Argentina), P. concavus Zhaurova, n. sp. (USA & Mexico), P. cordatus Zhaurova, n. sp. (USA), P. emarginatus Zhaurova, n. sp. (USA), P. flavipennis Zhaurova, n. sp. (USA), P. foveatus Zhaurova, n. sp. (USA & Mexico), P. gineus Zhaurova, n. sp. (USA), P. glabellus Zhaurova, n. sp. (Brazil), P. jamesi Zhaurova, n. sp. (Dominica), P. leucohypopygus Zhaurova, n. sp. (Brazil), P. luteus Zhaurova, n. sp. (Mexico), P. melipennis Zhaurova, n. sp. (USA), P. melotarsus Zhaurova, n. sp. (USA), P. niveus Zhaurova, n. sp. (Brazil), P. oculatus Zhaurova, n. sp. (Brazil), P. tonicus Zhaurova, n. sp. (USA), and P. truncatus Zhaurova, n. sp (USA). Physotarsus davidi Gauld, 1997 is treated as a junior subjective synonym of P. varicornis (Cameron, 1886) and a lectotype is designated for the latter. Physotarsus fabioi Gauld, 1997 is removed from the Scolobatini and left incertae sedis in the Ctenopelmatinae. A key to all known species of Physotarsus, and redescriptions of all previously described species are also provided. With 25 valid species, Physotarsus is now the largest genus in the Scolobatini. C1 [Zhaurova, Kira] Texas A&M Univ, USDA, APHIS PPQ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhaurova, Kira; Wharton, Robert] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zhaurova, K (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, USDA, APHIS PPQ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM kira.zhaurova@aphis.usda.gov; rawbaw2@tamu.edu FU NSF/PEET [DEB 0328922, 0723663] FX We thank the following curators and collections managers for extended loans of the material used for this revision as well as information on collections in their care: David Wahl (AEIC), Jason Weintraub (ANSP), Ian Gauld (deceased), Gavin Broad, & Kim Goodger (BMNH), Andrew Bennett (CNCI), Ronald Zuniga (InBio), and David Furth (USNM). We are particularly grateful to Matt Yoder for the electronic interface and to Heather Cummins and Mika Cameron for assistance with literature and figures. We would also like to acknowledge the kind assistance of Ian Gauld, David Wahl, Andrew Bennett, and Gavin Broad for information exchange about ichneumonids during the course of this work, and David Wahl for use of previously published figures. We also thank Jim Woolley for hand- carrying delicate material to and from BMNH, Arlington James for assistance with permits in Dominica and much additional information, and Texas Parks and Wildlife for permission to collect in Texas State Parks. Our use of PURLs (http://purl.oclc.org) for the web interface follows the example of their use in publications by Norm Johnson. The work was supported by NSF/PEET grant no. DEB 0328922 and associated REU supplement # 0723663. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 24 PY 2009 IS 2207 BP 1 EP 52 PG 52 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 487QC UT WOS:000269288900001 ER PT J AU Luce, CH Holden, ZA AF Luce, C. H. Holden, Z. A. TI Declining annual streamflow distributions in the Pacific Northwest United States, 1948-2006 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIVER-BASIN; WESTERN; CLIMATE; INCREASE; VARIABILITY; AMERICA; GROWTH; TROUT; FIELD AB Much of the discussion on climate change and water in the western United States centers on decreased snowpack and earlier spring runoff. Although increasing variability in annual flows has been noted, the nature of those changes is largely unexplored. We tested for trends in the distribution of annual runoff using quantile regression at 43 gages in the Pacific Northwest. Seventy-two percent of the stations showed significant (alpha = 0.10) declines in the 25th percentile annual flow, with half of the stations exceeding a 29% decline and a maximum decline of 47% between 1948 and 2006. Fewer stations showed statistically significant declines in either median or mean annual flow, and only five had a significant change in the 75th percentile, demonstrating that increases in variance result primarily from a trend of increasing dryness in dry years. The asymmetric trends in streamflow distributions have implications for water management and ecology well beyond those of shifted timing alone, affect both rain and snow-dominated watersheds, and contribute to earlier timing trends in high-elevation watersheds. Citation: Luce, C. H., and Z. A. Holden (2009), Declining annual streamflow distributions in the Pacific Northwest United States, 1948-2006, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16401, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039407. C1 [Luce, C. H.] US Forest Serv, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Holden, Z. A.] US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Luce, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 322 E Front St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM cluce@fs.fed.us; zaholden@fs.fed.us RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 NR 27 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L16401 DI 10.1029/2009GL039407 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 487BC UT WOS:000269244400002 ER PT J AU Stanton, JB Knowles, DP Call, DR Mathison, BA Baszler, TV AF Stanton, James B. Knowles, Donald P. Call, Douglas R. Mathison, Bruce A. Baszler, Timothy V. TI Limited transcriptional response of ovine microglia to prion accumulation SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ovine; Microglia; Prion; Scrapie; Microarray ID DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES; MOUSE NEURONAL CELLS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PRPSC ACCUMULATION; SCRAPIE AGENT; IDENTIFICATION; REVEALS; INFECTION; EXOSOMES; RNA AB The conversion of normal cellular prion protein to disease-associated prion protein (PrP(Sc)) is a fundamental component of prion disease pathogenesis. The molecular mechanisms contributing to prion conversion and the impact of PrP(Sc) accumulation oil cellular biology are not fully understood. To further define the molecular changes associated with PrP(Sc) accumulation in cultured cells, the transcriptional profile of PrP(Sc)-accumulating primary ovine microglia was compared to the profile of PrP(Sc)-lacking microglia using the Affymetrix Bovine Genome Array. The experimental design included three biological replicates, each with three technical replicates, and samples that were collected at the point of near maximal PrP(Sc) accumulation levels as measured by ELISA. The array analysis revealed only 19 upregulated genes and 30 downregulated genes in PrP(Sc)-accumulating microglia. The results support the hypothesis that chronic PrP(Sc) accumulation in Cultured microglia results in a limited transcriptional response. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stanton, James B.; Knowles, Donald P.; Call, Douglas R.; Mathison, Bruce A.; Baszler, Timothy V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.] USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Stanton, JB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, 402 Bustad Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jstanton@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Stanton, James/A-5277-2011 OI Stanton, James/0000-0002-7661-2631 FU NIH [K08 AI064729]; USDA ARS-CRIS [5348-32000-026-00D]; USDA ARS-SCA [5348-32000-026-08S] FX This work was supported by NIH Grant K08 AI064729, USDA ARS-CRIS 5348-32000-026-00D and USDA ARS-SCA 5348-32000-026-08S. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 386 IS 2 BP 345 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.030 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 470FH UT WOS:000267960100014 PM 19523453 ER PT J AU Kabotyanski, EB Rijnkels, M Freeman-Zadrowski, C Buser, AC Edwards, DP Rosen, JM AF Kabotyanski, Elena B. Rijnkels, Monique Freeman-Zadrowski, Courtneay Buser, Adam C. Edwards, Dean P. Rosen, Jeffrey M. TI Lactogenic Hormonal Induction of Long Distance Interactions between beta-Casein Gene Regulatory Elements SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; GLOBIN LOCUS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; BREAST-CANCER; DNA-BINDING; IN-VIVO; STAT5; PROGESTERONE AB Lactogenic hormone regulation of beta-casein gene expression in mammary epithelial cells provides an excellent model in which to study the mechanisms by which steroid and peptide hormone signaling control gene expression. Prolactin- and glucocorticoid-mediated induction of beta-casein gene expression involves two principal regulatory regions, a proximal promoter and a distal enhancer located in the mouse approximately -6kb upstream of the transcription start site. Using a chromosome conformation capture assay and quantitative real time PCR, we demonstrate that a chromatin loop is created in conjunction with the recruitment of specific transcription factors and p300 in HC11 mammary epithelial cells. Stimulation with both prolactin and hydrocortisone is required for the induction of these long range interactions between the promoter and enhancer, and no DNA looping was observed in nontreated cells or cells treated with each of the hormones separately. The lactogenic hormone-induced interaction between the proximal promoter and distal enhancer was confirmed in hormone-treated primary three-dimensional mammary acini cultures. In addition, the developmental regulation of DNA looping between the beta-casein regulatory regions was observed in lactating but not in virgin mouse mammary glands. Furthermore, beta-casein mRNA induction and long range interactions between these regulatory regions were inhibited in a progestin-dependent manner following stimulation with prolactin and hydrocortisone in HC11 cells expressing human PR-B. Collectively, these data suggest that the communication between these regulatory regions with intervening DNA looping is a crucial step required to both create and maintain active chromatin domains and regulate transcription. C1 [Kabotyanski, Elena B.; Buser, Adam C.; Edwards, Dean P.; Rosen, Jeffrey M.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Edwards, Dean P.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Rijnkels, Monique; Freeman-Zadrowski, Courtneay] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Rosen, JM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, 1 Baylor Plaza,Mail Box BCM 130, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jrosen@bcm.edu FU National Institutes of Health [CA16303, HD038129, CA46938]; CRIS/USDA [6250-51000-048-00] FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants CA16303 (to J.M.R.), HD038129 (to D. P. E.), and CA46938 (to D. P. E.). This work was also supported by CRIS/USDA Grant 6250-51000-048-00 (to M. R.) from the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Services. NR 49 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 34 BP 22815 EP 22824 DI 10.1074/jbc.M109.032490 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 483KG UT WOS:000268963100035 PM 19542223 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Grohn, YT Smith, RL Wolfgang, DR Van Kessel, JAS Schukken, YH AF Lu, Zhao Grohn, Yrjo T. Smith, Rebecca L. Wolfgang, David R. Van Kessel, Jo Ann S. Schukken, Ynte H. TI Assessing the potential impact of Salmonella vaccines in an endemically infected dairy herd SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Imperfect vaccines; Epidemiological modeling; Parameter sensitivity analysis ID SAMPLING-BASED METHODS; UNITED-STATES; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; REALISTIC DISTRIBUTIONS; BACKWARD BIFURCATION; REPRODUCTION NUMBERS; EPIDEMIC MODELS; LIVE VACCINE; UNCERTAINTY; ENTERICA AB Salmonella spp. in cattle contribute to bacterial foodborne disease for humans. Reduction of Salmonella prevalence in herds is important to prevent human Salmonella infections. Typical control measures are culling of infectious animals, vaccination, and improved hygiene management. Vaccines have been developed for controlling Salmonella transmission in dairy herds; however, these vaccines are imperfect and a variety of vaccine effects on susceptibility, infectiousness, Salmonella shedding level, and duration of infectious period were reported. To assess the potential impact of imperfect Salmonella vaccines on prevalence over time and the eradication criterion, we developed a deterministic compartmental model with both replacement (cohort) and lifetime (continuous) vaccination strategies, and applied it to a Salmonella Cerro infection in a dairy farm. To understand the uncertainty of prevalence and identify key model parameters, global parameter uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were performed. The results show that imperfect Salmonella vaccines reduce the prevalence of Salmonella Cerro. Among three vaccine effects that were being considered, decreasing the length of the infectious period is most effective in reducing the endemic prevalence. Analyses of contour lines of prevalence or the critical reproduction ratio illustrate that, reducing prevalence to a certain level or zero can be achieved by choosing vaccines that have either a single vaccine effect at relatively high effectiveness, or two or more vaccine effects at relatively low effectiveness. Parameter sensitivity analysis suggests that effective control measures through applying Salmonella vaccines should be adjusted at different stages of infection. In addition, lifetime (continuous) vaccination is more effective than replacement (cohort) vaccination. The potential application of the developed vaccination model to other Salmonella serotypes related to foodborne diseases was also discussed. The presented study may be used as a tool for guiding the development of Salmonella vaccines. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, Zhao; Grohn, Yrjo T.; Smith, Rebecca L.; Schukken, Ynte H.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wolfgang, David R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Van Kessel, Jo Ann S.] ARS, Environm Microbial Food Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM zl73@cornell.edu RI Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008; OI Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194; Smith, Rebecca/0000-0002-8343-794X NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD AUG 21 PY 2009 VL 259 IS 4 BP 770 EP 784 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.04.028 PG 15 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 559CN UT WOS:000274798100011 PM 19446567 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RSH Wimberly, MC AF Kennedy, Rebecca S. H. Wimberly, Michael C. TI Historical fire and vegetation dynamics in dry forests of the interior Pacific Northwest, USA, and relationships to Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) habitat conservation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Forest management; Northern spotted owl; Strix occidentalis caurina; Fire; Dry forests; Landscape analysis; Simulation modeling; Forest policy; Vegetation dynamics ID MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; OREGON COAST RANGE; UNITED-STATES; DEMOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; SOUTHERN OREGON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EAST SLOPE; VARIABILITY AB Regional conservation planning frequently relies on general assumptions about historical disturbance regimes to inform decisions about landscape restoration, reserve allocations, and landscape management. Spatially explicit simulations of landscape dynamics provide quantitative estimates of landscape structure and allow for the testing of alternative scenarios. We used a landscape fire succession model to estimate the historical range of variability of vegetation and fire in a dry forest landscape (size ca. 7900 km(2)) where the present-day risk of high severity fire threatens the persistence of older closed canopy forest which may serve as Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) habitat. Our results indicated that historically, older forest may have comprised the largest percentage of the landscape (similar to 35%), followed by early successional forest (similar to 25%), with about 9% of the landscape in a closed canopy older forest condition. The amount and condition of older forest varied by potential vegetation type and land use allocation type. Vegetation successional stages had fine-grained spatial heterogeneity in patch characteristics, with older forest tending to have the largest patch sizes among the successional stages. Increasing fire severities posed a greater risk to Northern Spotted Owl habitat than increasing fire sizes or frequencies under historical fire regimes. Improved understanding of historical landscape-specific fire and vegetation conditions and their variability can assist forest managers to promote landscape resilience and increases of older forest, in dry forests with restricted amounts of habitat for sensitive species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kennedy, Rebecca S. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wimberly, Michael C.] S Dakota State Univ, GISc Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Kennedy, RSH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rebeccakennedy@fs.fed.us OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891 NR 81 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 5 BP 554 EP 566 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.019 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478XZ UT WOS:000268623400003 ER PT J AU Dunk, JR Hawley, JJVG AF Dunk, Jeffrey R. Hawley, Jennifer J. V. G. TI Red-tree vole habitat suitability modeling: Implications for conservation and management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arborimus; Douglas-fir forest; Northwest Forest Plan; Predictive habitat model; Red-tree vole; Reserve ID FOREST INVENTORY DATA; PHENACOMYS-LONGICAUDUS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; OREGON; ABUNDANCE AB In the Pacific Northwest, USA, red-tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) are of conservation and management interest owing to their apparent association with late-seral forests and the relatively small extent of such forests, largely a function of timber harvest, fire, and conversion of forests to non-forest uses during the past century. We created and evaluated a series of red-tree vole habitat association models, and applied the best model to evaluate tree vole habitat quality within and outside of reserves throughout most of their range in Oregon and northern California. We modeled presence and absence of tree vole nests across a gradient of biotic, abiotic, and spatial features; and within and outside of reserves. The best model included spatial coordinates, percent slope, basal area of trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) between 45 and 90 cm, maximum tree dbh, and standard deviation of conifer dbh. Plots with tree vole nests contained many late-seral/old-growth forest attributes such as large diameter, older, and variably sized trees. Evaluation of the best model, including rigorous cross-validation, showed the model to be statistically robust and to have very good/excellent predictive ability. Reserves had significantly higher mean habitat quality than non-reserved lands, and reserves had much more high quality habitat than non-reserves. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dunk, Jeffrey R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Dunk, Jeffrey R.; Hawley, Jennifer J. V. G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Dunk, JR (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Sci, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM jrd2@humboldt.edu FU Survey and Manage Program of the Pacific Northwest Regional Office of the US Forest Service and the Oregon State office of the Bureau of Land Management FX Funding for this study was provided by the Survey and Manage Program of the Pacific Northwest Regional Office of the US Forest Service and the Oregon State office of the Bureau of Land Management. The field portion of the study was designed, implemented, and managed by B. Rittenhouse, R. Breckel, J. Alegria, and T. Edwards. This study would not have been possible without the help of a small group of skilled tree climbers, including W. Bedell, N. Bowman, K. Gelason, P. Humphrey, C. Jones, K. Rubens, J. Spickler, J. Tremblay, and A. Wanden. In particular we are indebted to Kelli VanNorman, Carol Hughes, and Darci RiversPankratz for their support of the project. Jan Werren, Marianne Turley, Jim Swingle, and Becky Howard provided logistical support for portions of the project. We are thankful for helpful review comments from Eric Forsman, Kelli VanNorman, Bill Zielinski, and one anonymous reviewer. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 5 BP 626 EP 634 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.041 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478XZ UT WOS:000268623400010 ER PT J AU Bate, LJ Torgersen, TR Wisdom, MJ Garton, EO AF Bate, Lisa J. Torgersen, Torolf R. Wisdom, Michael J. Garton, Edward O. TI Biased estimation of forest log characteristics using intersect diameters SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Coarse woody debris; Down woody material; Fuel management; Logs; Intersect diameter; Line-intersect sampling; Silviculture; Wildlife ID NUTRIENT CONTENT; SMALL MAMMALS AB Logs are an important structural feature of forest ecosystems, and their abundance affects many resources and forest processes, including fire regimes, soil productivity, silviculture, carbon cycling, and wildlife habitat. Consequently, logs are often sampled to estimate their frequency, percent cover, volume, and weight. The line-intersect method (LIM) is one of the most widely used methods to obtain these estimates and has been shown to produce unbiased estimates of log characteristics. With the traditional LIM the diameters of each log at the point of its intersection with the sampling transect are used to estimate log characteristics. Based on a simulation study and a large set of empirical data, we found that use of intersect log diameters to define size classes provided biased estimates of log characteristics. The bias varied by diameter class. Results from the simulation study showed that log frequency and volume were overestimated in small-diameter log classes and underestimated in large-diameter classes. Similarly, results from our empirical analysis showed a 40% overestimate of log volume in the smallest diameter class (15-25 cm), and a 31% underestimate of volume in the largest diameter class (>50 cm). Just as size classes of snags and trees are best defined by their diameter-at-breast height (DBH), size classes of logs should be defined by their large-end diameters (LEDs). When large-end diameters of logs were used instead of diameters measured at the point of transect intersection, bias was substantially reduced or eliminated. These results indicate that line-intersect sampling could be substantially improved by including measurements of LEDs to estimate log characteristics. Our results have far-reaching implications for estimates of log characteristics, such as estimates of fuel loading and subsequent wildfire risk, carbon source and sink dynamics, silviculture, nutrient cycling, and habitat for wildlife. Without our suggested correction to line-intersect sampling, many forest resources associated with log characteristics will not be estimated accurately, affecting a plethora of log-based management and research programs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Torgersen, Torolf R.; Wisdom, Michael J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Garton, Edward O.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Bate, LJ (reprint author), 389 LaBrant Rd, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. EM lisabate@centurytel.net FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, La Grande, Oregon FX Doug Berglund, Cathy Calloway, Amy Jacobs, and Jeff Jones provided insights and logistical support for the empirical portion of this research. Don Krogstad and Amy Jacobs provided invaluable GIS support. Laura Holmquist assisted in reviews of stand exams and collection of field data. Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, La Grande, Oregon. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 5 BP 635 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.042 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478XZ UT WOS:000268623400011 ER PT J AU Klutsch, JG Negron, JF Costello, SL Rhoades, CC West, DR Popp, J Caissie, R AF Klutsch, Jennifer G. Negron, Jose F. Costello, Sheryl L. Rhoades, Charles C. West, Daniel R. Popp, John Caissie, Rick TI Stand characteristics and downed woody debris accumulations associated with a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreak in Colorado SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus contorta; Lodgepole pine; Bark beetles; Coarse woody debris; Stand structure ID DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LODGEPOLE PINE; BARK BEETLE; INTERMOUNTAIN WEST; FOREST; MORTALITY; LOGS; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.)-dominated ecosystems in north-central Colorado are undergoing rapid and drastic changes associated with overstory tree mortality from a current mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreak. To characterize stand characteristics and downed woody debris loads during the first 7 years of the outbreak, 221 plots (0.02 ha) were randomly established in infested and uninfested stands distributed across the Arapaho National Forest. Colorado. Mountain pine beetle initially attacked stands with higher lodgepole pine basal area, and lower density and basal area of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii [Parry]), and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. var. lasiocarpa) compared to uninfested plots. Mountain pine beetle-affected stands had reduced total and lodgepole pine stocking and quadratic mean diameter. The density and basal area of live overstory lodgepole declined by 62% and 71% in infested plots, respectively. The mean diameter of live lodgepole pine was 53% lower than pre-outbreak in infested plots. Downed woody debris loads did not differ between uninfested plots and plots currently infested at the time of sampling to 3 or 4-7 years after initial infestation, but the projected downed coarse wood accumulations when 80% of the mountain pine beetle-killed trees fall indicated a fourfold increase. Depth of the litter layer and maximum height of grass and herbaceous vegetation were greater 4-7 years after initial infestation compared to uninfested plots, though understory plant percent cover was not different. Seedling and sapling density of all species combined was higher in uninfested plots but there was no difference between infested and uninfested plots for lodgepole pine alone. For trees >2.5 cm in diameter at breast height, the density of live lodgepole pine trees in mountain pine beetle-affected stands was higher than Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir, and aspen, (Populus tremuloides Michx.), in diameter classes comprised of trees from 2.5 cm to 30 cm in diameter, suggesting that lodgepole pine will remain as a dominant overstory tree after the bark beetle outbreak. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Klutsch, Jennifer G.; Negron, Jose F.; Rhoades, Charles C.; West, Daniel R.; Popp, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Costello, Sheryl L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Caissie, Rick] US Forest Serv, USDA, Granby, CO 80446 USA. RP Klutsch, JG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Jennifer.Klutsch@Colostate.edu OI Klutsch, Jennifer/0000-0001-8839-972X FU Forest Health Evaluation Monitoring Program, Forest Health Protection, and the Rocky Mountain Research Station FX This study was supported by a grant from the Forest Health Evaluation Monitoring Program, Forest Health Protection, and the Rocky Mountain Research Station. The authors would like to thank the following individuals for field work: Kerry Webster, Meg Halford, Joseph Hansen, Silas Davidson, and Mario Mora. We thank personnel from the Sulphur Ranger District, Arapaho National Forest and the Fraser Experimental Forest for logistical support. We thank Michael Battaglia, Kate Dwire, Betsy Goodrich, Laurie Huckaby, and Robert Hubbard for helpful comments and advice on earlier versions of this manuscript; two anonymous reviewers, that provided valuable input improving the manuscript; and Rudy King and Laurie Porth for statistical consultation. NR 87 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 5 BP 641 EP 649 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.034 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478XZ UT WOS:000268623400012 ER PT J AU De Woody, J Rickman, TH Jones, BE Hipkins, VD AF De Woody, Jennifer Rickman, Tom H. Jones, Bobette E. Hipkins, Valerie D. TI Allozyme and microsatellite data reveal small clone size and high genetic diversity in aspen in the southern Cascade Mountains SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Isozymes; SSR; Genet; Populus; Somatic mutation ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES MICHX; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; TREMBLING ASPEN; QUAKING ASPEN; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; AMERICAN ASPENS; RAPD MARKERS; CALIFORNIA; SELECTION AB The most widely distributed tree in North America, quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides, Michx.), reproduces sexually via seed and clonally via suckers. The size of aspen clones varies geographically, generally smaller in the east and large in the arid Intermountain West. In order to describe clone size and genetic structure of aspen in the southern Cascade Mountains, 864 stems from six sites were assayed at 15 isozyme and 6 microsatellite loci. Although isozymes reveal significantly lower levels of allelic richness (P < 0.001) and expected heterozygosity (P < 0.01), differences in genet diversity (isozyme G/N = 0.45, microsatellite G/N = 0.47) and allele frequency variation (isozyme F(ST) = 0.02, microsatellite F(ST) = 0.03) were nonsignificant. While a majority of stands were monoclonal, such stands were small, and the number of clones per stand was positively correlated with stand size (P < 0.0001). High genetic diversity, low genetic differentiation, and a rapid decay of spatial genetic structure consistent with long distance gene flow during seedling recruitment indicate that sexual reproduction is a significant factor contributing to the genetic structure of these populations. These findings further resolve the geographic variation in clonal structure observed in aspen across North America, providing novel information for land management and conservation efforts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [De Woody, Jennifer; Hipkins, Valerie D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Natl Forest Genet Lab, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. [Rickman, Tom H.; Jones, Bobette E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. RP De Woody, J (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Biol Sci, Boldrewood Campus, Southampton SO16 7PX, Hants, England. EM j.dewoody@soton.ac.uk FU Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation FX We thank M. Stone, B. Bauer, B. Ehler, R. Bailey, G. Ridenour, and S. Cler for valuable field assistance, D. Burton for training and support of this work, and the Eagle Lake Ranger District employees for their support of aspen restoration projects. K. ChoiJ. Hamar, R. Hernandez, B. Hynan, A. Lindstrom, B. Ortiz, R.C. Saich and M. Wilke conducted laboratory analyses. M. Goolsby provided assistance with ArcGIS. K. Potter provided thoughtful comments on the This study was funded in part by a grant from the manuscript. Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 5 BP 687 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.006 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478XZ UT WOS:000268623400017 ER PT J AU Harrod, RJ Peterson, DW Povak, NA Dodson, EK AF Harrod, Richy J. Peterson, David W. Povak, Nicholas A. Dodson, Erich K. TI Thinning and prescribed fire effects on overstory tree and snag structure in dry coniferous forests of the interior Pacific Northwest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Restoration; Fuels reduction; Ponderosa pine; Thinning; Prescribed burning; Forest structure ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; MIXED-CONIFER; SIERRA-NEVADA; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; INLAND NORTHWEST; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION AB Forest thinning and prescribed fires are practices used by managers to address concerns over ecosystem degradation and severe wildland fire potential in dry forests. There is some debate, however, about treatment effectiveness in meeting management objectives as well as their ecological consequences. The purpose of this study was to assess changes to forest stand structure following thinning and prescribed fire treatments, alone and combined, in the eastern Cascade Mountains of Washington State. Treatments were applied to 12 management units, with each treatment combination replicated three times (including untreated controls). Thinning modified forest structure by reducing overall tree density by >60% and canopy bulk density by 50%, and increased canopy base height by similar to 4 m, thereby reducing susceptibility to crown fire. The prescribed fire treatment, conversely, did not appreciably reduce tree density or canopy fuel loading, but was effective at increasing the density of standing dead trees, particularly when combined with thinning (37 snags/ha increase). Prescribed fire effects were more pronounced when used in combination with thinning. Thinning was more reliable for altering stand structure, but spring burning was lower in intensity and coverage than desired and may have led to results that downplay the efficacy of fire to meet forest restoration goals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Harrod, Richy J.; Peterson, David W.; Povak, Nicholas A.; Dodson, Erich K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Harrod, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM rharrod@fs.fed.us; davepeterson@fs.fed.us; npovak@fs.fed.us; edodson@fs.fed.us RI Peterson, David/B-1105-2008 FU National Fire and Fire Surrogate Project (FFS); U.S. Joint Fire Science Program FX This is Contribution Number 164 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Project (FFS), funded by the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program. We appreciate the field assistance of numerous workers: Mattias Rudbak, Scott Conlan, Beth Armbrust, Sara O'Neal, Mara McGrath, Dottie Knecht, Todd Jensen, Tim Hatch, Chad Yenney, Megan Whitmore, Kathleen Moran, Darci Carlson, Alisha Toombs, Pete Ohlson, James Dickinson, and many others. Jim Agee, Bob Gray, Andy Youngblood, Rich Fonda, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful reviews which greatly improved the manuscript. We thank the Wenatchee River Ranger District, OkanoganWenatchee NF, for implementing both the prescribed burning and thinning treatments. NR 62 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 5 BP 712 EP 721 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.011 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478XZ UT WOS:000268623400020 ER PT J AU Six, DL Skov, K AF Six, Diana L. Skov, Kjerstin TI Response of bark beetles and their natural enemies to fire and fire surrogate treatments in mixed-conifer forests in western Montana SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus ponderosae; D. brevicomis; D. pseudotsugae; D. valens; Ips pini; Cleridae; Medetera; Thinning; Tree defenses ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; BURNING RESTORATION TREATMENTS; PONDEROSA PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; MORTALITY; AREA; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Four treatments (control, burn-only, thin-only, and thin-and-burn) were evaluated for their effects on bark beetle-caused mortality in both the short-term (one to four years) and the long-term (seven years) in mixed-conifer forests in western Montana, USA. In addition to assessing bark beetle responses to these treatments, we also measured natural enemy landing rates and resin flow of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) the season fire treatments were implemented. All bark beetles were present at low population levels (non-outbreak) for the duration of the study. Post-treatment mortality of trees due to bark beetles was lowest in the thin-only and control units and highest in the units receiving burns. Three tree-killing bark beetle species responded positively to fire treatments: Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae), pine engraver (Ips pini), and western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis). Red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens) responded positively to fire treatments, but never caused mortality. Three fire damage variables tested (height of crown scorch, percent circumference of the tree bole scorched, or degree of ground char) were significant factors in predicting beetle attack on trees. Douglas-fir beetle and pine engraver responded rapidly to increased availability of resources (fire-damaged trees); however, successful attacks dropped rapidly once these resources were depleted. Movement to green trees by pine engraver was not observed in plots receiving fire treatments, or in thinned plots where slash supported substantial reproduction by this beetle. The fourth tree-killing beetle present at the site, the mountain pine beetle, did not exhibit responses to any treatment. Natural enemies generally arrived at trees the same time as host bark beetles. However, the landing rates of only one, Medetera spp., was affected by treatment. This predator responded positively to thinning treatments. This insect was present in very high numbers indicating a regulatory effect on beetles, at least in the short-term, in thinned stands. Resin flow decreased from June to August. However, resin flow was significantly higher in trees in August than in June in fire treatments. Increased flow in burned trees later in the season did not affect beetle attack success. Overall, responses by beetles to treatments were short-term and limited to fire-damaged trees. Expansions into green trees did not occur. This lack of spread was likely due to a combination of high tree vigor in residual stands and low background populations of bark beetles. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Six, Diana L.; Skov, Kjerstin] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Skov, Kjerstin] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Six, DL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Coll Forestry & Conservat, 32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM Diana.six@cfc.umt.edu FU Joint Fire Sciences Program FX We thank Aaron Adams, Millie Bowman, Kendal Crawford, Allison Hansen, Cameron Paterson, Jennifer Shaw (Rackley), Kelly Soldwish, Tracy Dahl, and Emily Rindal for their help in data collection, Frank Maus and Hank Goetz for their help in site selection and maintenance, and Chris Fettig for his efforts as the National Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) Study Entomology Discipline Leader. Special thanks are due to Carl Fiedler for his excellent coordination of the FFS Study at Lubrecht Forest, and to Carl Fiedlerand Kerry Metlen for the stand density data presented in Table 1. Funding was provided by the Joint Fire Sciences Program. This is paper 201 of the FFS. We also thank an anonymous reviewer for his/her helpful comments. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 5 BP 761 EP 772 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.016 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478XZ UT WOS:000268623400026 ER PT J AU Safford, HD Schmidt, DA Carlson, CH AF Safford, Hugh D. Schmidt, David A. Carlson, Chris H. TI Effects of fuel treatments on fire severity in an area of wildland-urban interface, Angora Fire, Lake Tahoe Basin, California SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fuel treatment; Fire behavior; Fire severity; Wildland-urban interface; WUI; Angora Fire; Sierra Nevada; California ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SIERRA-NEVADA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; WILDFIRE SEVERITY; MONTANE FORESTS; PINE FOREST; USA; BEHAVIOR; MOUNTAINS AB The Angora Fire burned 1243 ha of Jeffrey pine and mixed conifer forest in the Lake Tahoe Basin between June 24 and July 2, 2007. The Angora Fire burned at unusually high severity due to heavy fuels; strong winds; warm, dry weather; and unseasonably low fuel moistures. The fire destroyed 254 homes, and final loss and suppression cost estimates of $160,000,000 make the Angora Fire one of the ten costliest wildfires in US history. The Angora Fire burned into 194 ha of fuel treatments intended to modify fire behavior and protect private and public assets in the Angora Creek watershed. The fire thus provides a unique opportunity to quantitatively assess the effects of fuel treatments on wildfire severity in an area of wildland-urban interface. We measured fire effects on vegetation in treated and adjacent untreated areas within the Angora Fire perimeter, immediately after and one year after the fire. Our measures of fire severity included tree mortality; height of bole char, crown scorch, and crown torch; and percent crown scorch and torch. Unlike most studies of fuel treatment effectiveness, our study design included replication and implicitly controlled for variation in topography and weather. Our results show that fuel treatments generally performed as designed and substantially changed fire behavior and subsequent fire effects to forest vegetation. Exceptions include two treatment units where slope steepness led to lower levels of fuels removal due to local standards for erosion prevention. Hand-piled fuels in one of these two units had also not yet been burned. Excepting these units, bole char height and fire effects to the forest canopy (measured by crown scorching and torching) were significantly lower, and tree survival significantly higher, within sampled treatments than outside them. In most cases, crown fire behavior changed to surface fire within 50 m of encountering a fuel treatment. The Angora Fire underlines the important role that properly implemented fuel treatments can play in protecting assets, reducing fire severity and increasing forest resilience. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Safford, Hugh D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schmidt, David A.] Univ Calif Davis, Nat Conservancy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Carlson, Chris H.] Univ Montana, Dept Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Safford, HD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM hughsafford@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit FX Thanks to S. Dobrowski, R. Striplin, B. Brady, M. North, K. Merriam, M. Creasy, and E. Knapp for help in the field and/or for early comments on the manuscript, and to R. Mustatia and J. Sherlock for prefire forest stand and fuels data. We also acknowledge the constructive advice of two anonymous reviewers. Funding for this work was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit. NR 64 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 5 BP 773 EP 787 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.024 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478XZ UT WOS:000268623400027 ER PT J AU Gardiner, ES Lof, M O'Brien, JJ Stanturf, JA Madsen, P AF Gardiner, Emile S. Lof, Magnus O'Brien, Joseph J. Stanturf, John A. Madsen, Palle TI Photosynthetic characteristics of Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur established for stand conversion from Picea abies SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fagus sylvatica; Quercus robur; Picea abies; Photosynthetic light response; Nitrogen; Canopy cover; Regeneration ID NORWAY SPRUCE STANDS; SYLVESTRIS L. STAND; SHADE-TOLERANCE; LEAF ANATOMY; CARBON GAIN; GROWTH IRRADIANCE; LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS; NITROGEN RELATIONS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SOUTHERN SWEDEN AB Efforts in Europe to convert Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantations to broadleaf or mixed broadleaf-conifer forests could be bolstered by an increased understanding of how artificial regeneration acclimates and functions under a range of Norway spruce stand conditions. We studied foliage characteristics and leaf-level photosynthesis on 7-year-old European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) regeneration established in open patches and shelterwoods of a partially harvested Norway spruce plantation in southwestern Sweden. Both species exhibited morphological plasticity at the leaf level by developing leaf blades in patches with an average mass per unit area (LMA) 54% greater than of those in shelterwoods, and at the plant level by maintaining a leaf area ratio (LAR) in shelterwoods that was 78% greater than in patches. However, we observed interspecific differences in photosynthetic capacity relative to spruce canopy openness. Photosynthetic capacity (A(1600), net photosynthesis at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 1600 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1)) of beech in respect to the canopy gradient was best related to leaf mass, and declined substantially with increasing canopy openness primarily because leaf nitrogen (N) in this species decreased about 0.9 mg g(-1) with each 10% rise in canopy openness. In contrast, A(1600) of oak showed a weak response to mass-based N, and furthermore the percentage of N remained constant in oak leaf tissues across the canopy gradient. Therefore, oak photosynthetic capacity along the canopy gradient was best related to leaf area, and increased as the spruce canopy thinned primarily because LMA rose 8.6 g m(-2) for each 10% increase in canopy openness. These findings support the premise that spruce stand structure regulates photosynthetic capacity of beech through processes that determine N status of this species; leaf N (mass basis) was greatest under relatively closed spruce canopies where leaves apparently acclimate by enhancing light harvesting mechanisms. Spruce stand structure regulates photosynthetic capacity of oak through processes that control LMA; LMA was greatest under open spruce canopies of high light availability where leaves apparently acclimate by enhancing CO(2) fixation mechanisms. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gardiner, Emile S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Lof, Magnus] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, So Swedish Forest Res Ctr, S-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. [O'Brien, Joseph J.; Stanturf, John A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Madsen, Palle] Univ Copenhagen, Forest & Landscape Denmark, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark. RP Gardiner, ES (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, So Res Stn, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM egardiner@fs.fed.us RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 FU The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning FX We express our gratitude to The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning for providing partial funding for this research. The Swedish Forest Agency and Per-Olof Erlandsson were especially cooperative in providing field accommodations and logistical support on the site during field sampling in Akulla. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 5 BP 868 EP 878 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.022 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478XZ UT WOS:000268623400037 ER PT J AU Patrock, RJW Porter, SD Gilbert, LE Folgarait, PJ AF Patrock, Richard J. W. Porter, Sanford D. Gilbert, Lawrence E. Folgarait, Patricia J. TI Distributional patterns of Pseudacteon associated with the Solenopsis saevissima complex in South America SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE classical biological control; imported fire ants; parasitoid; Phoridae; Formicidae; geographical ranges; host use patterns ID DECAPITATING FLIES DIPTERA; FIRE ANTS HYMENOPTERA; PHORID FLIES; HOST-SPECIFICITY; FORMICIDAE; PARASITOIDS; ARGENTINA; BIOLOGY; BRAZIL; FLY AB Classical biological control efforts against imported fire ants have largely involved the use of Pseudacteon parasitoids. To facilitate further exploration for species and population biotypes a database of collection records for Pseudacteon species was organized, including those from the literature and other sources. These data were then used to map the geographical ranges of species associated with the imported fire ants in their native range in South America. In addition, we found geographical range metrics for all species in the genus and related these metrics to latitude and host use. Approximately equal numbers of Pseudacteon species were found in temperate and tropical regions, though the majority of taxa found only in temperate areas were found in the Northern Hemisphere. No significant differences in sizes of geographical ranges were found between Pseudacteon associated with the different host complexes of fire ants despite the much larger and systemic collection effort associated with the S. saevissima host group. The geographical range of the flies was loosely associated with both the number of hosts and the geographical range of their hosts. Pseudacteon with the most extensive ranges had either multiple hosts or hosts with broad distributions. Mean species richnesses of Pseudacteon in locality species assemblages associated with S. saevissima complex ants was 2.8 species, but intensively sampled locations were usually much higher. Possible factors are discussed related to variation in the size of geographical range, and areas in southern South America are outlined that are likely to have been under-explored for Pseudacteon associated with imported fire ants. C1 [Patrock, Richard J. W.; Folgarait, Patricia J.] Univ Nacl Quilmes, Ctr Estudios & Invest, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Patrock, Richard J. W.; Gilbert, Lawrence E.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Patrock, Richard J. W.; Gilbert, Lawrence E.] Univ Texas Austin, Brackenridge Field Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Porter, Sanford D.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Patrock, RJW (reprint author), Univ Nacl Quilmes, Ctr Estudios & Invest, B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM patrock@mail.utexas.edu; sdp@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu; lgilbert@mail.utexas.edu; pfolgarait@unq.edu.ar FU Lee and Ramona Bass Foundation; State of Texas Fire Ant Project FX We thank Gustavo Azzimonti, Monica Chirino, Luciana Elizade, Ed LeBrun, Matt Orr, and Marcos Pesquero for unpublished Pseudacteon collection records. Robert Plowes and Edward Lebrun made several stimulating suggestions as to the discussion. This research was supported by the Lee and Ramona Bass Foundation, the Helen C. Kleberg and Robert J. Kleberg Foundation and The State of Texas Fire Ant Project. PJF thanks UNQ and CONICET for their oversight. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 60 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 490GS UT WOS:000269488600001 ER PT J AU Neupert, S Russell, WK Predel, R Russell, DH Strey, OF Teel, PD Nachman, RJ AF Neupert, Susanne Russell, William K. Predel, Reinhard Russell, David H. Strey, Otto F. Teel, Pete D. Nachman, Ronald J. TI The neuropeptidomics of Ixodes scapularis synganglion SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Tick neuropeptidomics; Ixodes; Amblyomma; Acari; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry ID BEETLE TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; NEUROHORMONE GPCRS; TICK; GENOME; IXODIDAE; PEPTIDOMICS; PYROKININS; PEPTIDES; ACARI AB Ticks (Ixodoidea) likely transmit the greatest variety of human and animal pathogens of any arthropod vector. Despite their medical significance little data is available about the messenger molecules in the central nervous system that coordinate all physiological processes in these animals, including behaviour. In our study, we performed the first comprehensive neuropeptidomic analysis of a tick species by using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Specifically we analyzed the neuropeptides in the synganglion of Nodes scapularis. The forthcoming sequence of the genome of this species will represent the first genomic analysis of a member of the large subphylum Chelicerata. For our approach we used information from predicted neuropeptide precursor sequences found in EST databases [Christie, AE. Neuropeptide discovery in Ixodoidea: an in silico investigation using publicly accessible expressed sequence tags. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2008;157:174-185] as well as data obtained by complete de novo sequencing. The direct tissue profiling yielded 20 neuropeptides from 12 neuropeptide precursors. The sequences of these neuropeptides are not as unique as predicted; a comparison with the peptidome of other invertebrates shows a close relationship with insect neuropeptides. This work will provide a resource for studying tick neurobiology and will hopefully also help to identify novel targets for tick and tick-borne disease control. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Neupert, Susanne; Nachman, Ronald J.] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Russell, William K.; Russell, David H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Biol Mass Spectrometry, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Neupert, Susanne; Predel, Reinhard] Univ Jena, Inst Zool, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Strey, Otto F.; Teel, Pete D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Neupert, S (reprint author), USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM mail@susanne-neupert.de; nachman@tamu.edu RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015; Russell, David/C-3618-2015 OI Russell, David/0000-0003-0830-3914 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [595/6-4]; USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative [0500-32000-001-01R] FX The authors wish to thank Allison Strey for technical assistance (College Station, TX). This study was supported by a grant from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Predel 595/6-4), and a grant from the USDA/DOD DWFP Initiative (#0500-32000-001-01R) (RJN). NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1874-3919 J9 J PROTEOMICS JI J. Proteomics PD AUG 20 PY 2009 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1040 EP 1045 DI 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.06.007 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 489OL UT WOS:000269429800014 PM 19540946 ER PT J AU Hammond, RW Zhao, Y AF Hammond, Rosemarie W. Zhao, Yan TI Modification of tobacco plant development by sense and antisense expression of the tomato viroid-induced AGC VIIIa protein kinase PKV suggests involvement in gibberellin signaling SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INFECTED TOMATO; SYMPTOM EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; GENE-EXPRESSION; LEAF TISSUE; SMALL RNAS; PATHOGENICITY; PHOSPHORYLATION; PATHOGENESIS AB Background: The serine-threonine protein kinase gene, designated pkv (protein kinase-viroid induced) was previously found to be transcriptionally activated in tomato plants infected with the plant pathogen Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). These plants exhibited symptoms of stunting, and abnormal development of leaf, root, and vascular tissues. The encoded protein, PKV, is a novel member of the AGC VIIIa group of signal-transducing protein kinases; however, the role of PKV in plant development is unknown. In this communication, we report the phenotypic results of over expression and silencing of pkv in transgenic tobacco. Results: Over expression of pkv in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi (tobacco) resulted in stunting, reduced root formation, and delay in flowering, phenotypes similar to symptoms of PSTVd infection of tomato. In addition, homozygous T2 tobacco plants over expressing PKV were male sterile. Antisense expression of pkv, on the other hand, resulted in plants that were taller than non-transformed plants, produced an increased number of flowers, and were fertile. Exogenous application of GA(3) stimulated stem elongation in the stunted, sense-expressing plants. PKV sense and antisense expression altered transcript levels of GA biosynthetic genes and genes involved in developmental and signaling pathways, but not genes involved in salicylic acid- or jasmonic acid-dependent pathways. Our data provide evidence suggesting that PKV plays an important role in a GA signaling pathway that controls plant height and fertility. Conclusion: We have found that the over expression of the tomato protein kinase PKV resulted in stunting, modified vascular tissue development, reduced root formation, and male sterility in tobacco, and we propose that PKV regulates plant development by functioning in critical signaling pathways involved in gibberellic acid metabolism. C1 [Hammond, Rosemarie W.; Zhao, Yan] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammond, RW (reprint author), ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rose.hammond@ars.usda.gov; yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov FU Linda Walling at University of California FX We acknowledge the technical assistance of Dr. Nancy Kreger and Sharon Jhingory who participated in various aspects of the project, and Dr. Wei Wei for assistance with figures and critical reading of the manuscript. We also acknowledge Linda Walling at University of California, Riverside for the gift of a leucine aminopeptidase clone. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD AUG 18 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 108 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-9-108 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 491XV UT WOS:000269618000001 PM 19689802 ER PT J AU Fu, JX Park, B Zhao, YP AF Fu, Junxue Park, Bosoon Zhao, Yiping TI Limitation of a localized surface plasmon resonance sensor for Salmonella detection SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Localized surface plasmon resonance sensor; Salmonella detection; Au nanoparticle ID LABEL-FREE DETECTION; RAPID DETECTION; QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION; OPTICAL BIOSENSOR; ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY; NANOPARTICLES; TYPHIMURIUM; PCR; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE AB We have designed a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor to perform whole cell detection of Salmonella using Au nanoparticles fabricated by an oblique angle deposition technique. The LSPR sensor shows a plasmon peak shift due to the Salmonella antigen and anti-Salmonella antibody reaction as verified by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. However, this shift is not sensitive to the concentration of the bacteria. We have modeled this detection system by means of Mie theory and effective medium theory, and find that due to the small contact area between the nanoparticle and the bacteria and the short range interaction of the local electric field, the plasmon peak shift induced by such a system is about 2-4 nm, regardless of the concentration of the bacteria. This is consistent with the experiments, and an alternative method is needed if the LSPR sensor is used for whole cell bacteria detection. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fu, Junxue; Zhao, Yiping] Univ Georgia, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fu, Junxue; Zhao, Yiping] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Park, Bosoon] USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fu, JX (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fujunxue@physast.uga.edu RI Zhao, Yiping/A-4968-2008 FU National Science Foundation [ECS-0701787]; KFRI [58-6612-6-089F] FX This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation under the contract No. ECS-0701787 and KFRI under the ARS agreement 58-6612-6-089F. The authors thank Justin Abell for proof-reading the manuscript. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD AUG 18 PY 2009 VL 141 IS 1 BP 276 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2009.06.020 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 484IZ UT WOS:000269039200043 ER PT J AU McHugh, TH Avena-Bustillos, RJ Du, WX Woods, R AF McHugh, Tara H. Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Du, Wen-Xian Woods, Rachelle TI Innovative ultraviolet processing to enhance health promoting bioactive components in fresh-cut carrots SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McHugh, Tara H.; Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.; Du, Wen-Xian; Woods, Rachelle] USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Tara.McHugh@ars.usda.gov; wenxian.du@ars.usda.gov; rachelle.woods@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 83-AGFD BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900092 ER PT J AU Cameron, RG Luzio, G Williams, MAK AF Cameron, Randall G. Luzio, Gary Williams, Martin A. K. TI Nanostructural characterization of enzymatically modified pectin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cameron, Randall G.] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, SAA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Luzio, Gary] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL USA. [Williams, Martin A. K.] Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. EM randall.cameron@ars.usda.gov; gary.luzio@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 217-AGFD BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900109 ER PT J AU Johanningsmeier, SD McFeeters, RF AF Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D. McFeeters, Roger F. TI Detection of volatile spoilage metabolites in fermented cucumbers using nontargeted, comprehensive 2D gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D.; McFeeters, Roger F.] USDA ARS, Food Sci Res Unit, SAA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Suzanne.Johanningsmeier@ars.usda.gov; Roger.McFeeters@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 118-AGFD BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900110 ER PT J AU Boue, SM Burow, M Shih, BY Carter-Wientjes, C Bhatnagar, D Wang, T AF Boue, Stephen M. Burow, Matthew Shih, Betty Y. Carter-Wientjes, Carol Bhatnagar, Deepak Wang, Thomas TI Effect of elicitors on enrichment of soybean phytoalexins with biologic activity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Boue, Stephen M.; Shih, Betty Y.; Carter-Wientjes, Carol; Bhatnagar, Deepak] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Burow, Matthew] Tulane Xavier Ctr Bioenvironm Res, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Wang, Thomas] ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM steve.boue@ars.usda.gov; mburow@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 66-AGFD BP 119 EP 119 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900111 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC AF Ehrlich, Kenneth C. TI Roles of the uncharacterized clustered genes in aflatoxin biosynthesis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ehrlich, Kenneth C.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM ken.ehrlich@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 224-AGFD BP 121 EP 121 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900113 ER PT J AU Inglett, GE Rose, DJ Chen, D Lee, S Liu, SX AF Inglett, George E. Rose, Devin J. Chen, Diejun Lee, Suyong Liu, Sean X. TI Processing bioactive oat soluble fibers for increasing health benefits of food SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Inglett, George E.; Rose, Devin J.; Chen, Diejun] ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Lee, Suyong] Sejong Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM george.inglett@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 97-AGFD BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900124 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD Prevost, NT Strahan, GD AF Dailey, Oliver D., Jr. Prevost, Nicolette T. Strahan, Gary D. TI Synthesis and characterization of methyl 9(10)-alkyl-10(9)-hydroxystearates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dailey, Oliver D., Jr.] ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Strahan, Gary D.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Oliver.Dailey@ars.usda.gov; Nicolette.Prevost@ars.usda.gov; Gary.Strahan@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 18-AGFD BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900127 ER PT J AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann TI Molecular characterization of Penicillium griseofulvum genes involved in biosynthesis of the mycotoxin patulin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann] ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM MaryAnn.DombrinkKurtzman@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 222-AGFD BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900132 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA AF Manthey, John A. TI High speed centrifugal partition chromatography separations of citrus flavones SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Manthey, John A.] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM John.Manthey@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 155-AGFD BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900140 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, Mendel TI Stability of antimicrobial botanicals to heat and other processing conditions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mendel.friedman@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 110-AGFD BP 150 EP 150 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900142 ER PT J AU Lee, JM Scagel, CF AF Lee, Jungmin Scagel, Carolyn F. TI Chicoric acid levels in basil (Ocimum basilicum) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, Jungmin; Scagel, Carolyn F.] USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jungmin.lee@ars.usda.gov; carolyn.scagel@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 142-AGFD BP 153 EP 153 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900145 ER PT J AU Myung, K Manthey, JA AF Myung, Kyung Manthey, John A. TI Foods sequester grapefruit furanocoumarins via interactions with proteins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Myung, Kyung; Manthey, John A.] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM Kyung.Myung@ars.usda.gov; John.Manthey@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 148-AGFD BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900149 ER PT J AU Trucksess, MW Abbas, HK Weaver, CM Shier, WT AF Trucksess, Mary W. Abbas, Hamed K. Weaver, Carol M. Shier, W. T. TI Distribution of mycotoxins in rice milling fractions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Trucksess, Mary W.; Weaver, Carol M.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Abbas, Hamed K.] ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, USDA, NBCL, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shier, W. T.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM mary.trucksess@fda.hhs.gov; hamed.abbas@ars.usda.gov; carol.weaver@fda.hhs.gov; shier001@umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 42-AGFD BP 175 EP 175 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900167 ER PT J AU Luzio, G Cameron, RG AF Luzio, Gary Cameron, Randall G. TI Functional characterization of pectin enzymatically modified with a thermally tolerant pectin methylesterase SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Luzio, Gary] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Cameron, Randall G.] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, SAA, Winter Haven, FL USA. EM gary.luzio@ars.usda.gov; randall.cameron@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 216-AGFD BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900169 ER PT J AU Medina, MB AF Medina, Marjorie B. TI Direct measurement of phenolic compounds in beverages and foods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Medina, Marjorie B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM marjorie.medina@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 44-AGFD BP 179 EP 179 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900171 ER PT J AU Appell, M Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Kendra, DF AF Appell, Michael Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann Kendra, David F. TI Investigation of patulin and its biosynthetic precursors by density functional methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Appell, Michael; Dombrink-Kurtzman, Mary Ann; Kendra, David F.] ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM michael.appell@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 228-AGFD BP 184 EP 184 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900176 ER PT J AU Wong, DWS Batt, SB Wan, D Lee, C Wagschal, K AF Wong, Dominic W. S. Batt, Sarah B. Wan, David Lee, Charles Wagschal, Kurt TI Engineer Sccharomyces cerevisiae for consolidated bioprocessing SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wong, Dominic W. S.; Batt, Sarah B.; Wan, David; Lee, Charles; Wagschal, Kurt] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dwsw@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 39-AGFD BP 198 EP 198 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900190 ER PT J AU Fan, XT AF Fan, Xuetong TI Formation of volatile sulfur compounds in foods as a result of ionizing irradiation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fan, Xuetong] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 212-AGFD BP 227 EP 227 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900219 ER PT J AU McFeeters, RF Johanningsmeier, SD Fornea, DS AF McFeeters, Roger F. Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D. Fornea, D. Seth TI Replacement of sodium chloride with calcium chloride in the lactic acid fermentation of cucumbers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McFeeters, Roger F.; Johanningsmeier, Suzanne D.] N Carolina State Univ, Food Sci Res Unit, USDA, ARS,SAA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fornea, D. Seth] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, SAA,FSRU, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Roger.McFeeters@ars.usda.gov; Suzanne.Johanningsmeier@ars.usda.gov; Seth.Fornea@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 182-AGFD BP 248 EP 248 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900240 ER PT J AU Davis, JP Price, KM Smyth, D Drake, MA Sanders, TH AF Davis, Jack P. Price, Kristin M. Smyth, Douglas Drake, M. A. Sanders, Timothy H. TI Roast effects on mechanical and sensory texture attributes of peanuts, almonds, hazelnuts, and cashews SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Davis, Jack P.; Price, Kristin M.; Sanders, Timothy H.] N Carolina State Univ, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, USDA, ARS,SAA,Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Smyth, Douglas] Kraft Foods, E Hanover, NJ 07936 USA. [Drake, M. A.] N Carolina State Univ, SE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jack.davis@ars.usda.gov; kristin.price@ars.usda.gov; Doug.Smyth@kraft.com; tim_sanders@ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 88-AGFD BP 255 EP 255 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900247 ER PT J AU Chiou, BS Avena-Bustillos, RJ Bechtel, PJ Imam, SH Glenn, GM Orts, WJ AF Chiou, Bor-Sen Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Bechtel, Peter J. Imam, Syed H. Glenn, Gregory M. Orts, William J. TI Effects of drying temperature on properties of fish gelatin films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chiou, Bor-Sen; Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.; Imam, Syed H.; Glenn, Gregory M.; Orts, William J.] USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bechtel, Peter J.] UAF, Subarct Agr Res Unit, USDA, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM bor-sen.chiou@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 41-AGFD BP 260 EP 260 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900252 ER PT J AU Proctor, RH McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ AF Proctor, Robert H. McCormick, Susan P. Alexander, Nancy J. TI Variation in the trichothecene mycotoxin biosynthetic gene cluster in Fusarium SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Proctor, Robert H.; McCormick, Susan P.; Alexander, Nancy J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM robert.proctor@ars.usda.gov; Susan.McCormick@ars.usda.gov; Nancy.Alexander@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 207-AGFD BP 261 EP 261 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900253 ER PT J AU Glenn, AE AF Glenn, Anthony E. TI Biotransformation of corn phytochemicals by Fusarium verticillioides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Glenn, Anthony E.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM anthony.glenn@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 205-AGFD BP 262 EP 262 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900254 ER PT J AU Joshee, N Parajuli, P Rimando, A Yadav, AK AF Joshee, Nirmal Parajuli, Prahlad Rimando, Agnes Yadav, Anand K. TI Revisiting Scutellaria: A little known genus of great medicinal potential SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Joshee, Nirmal; Yadav, Anand K.] Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Parajuli, Prahlad] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Parajuli, Prahlad] Karmanos Canc Inst, Dept Neurosurg, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Rimando, Agnes] ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. EM Josheen@fvsu.edu; pparajuli@med.wayne.edu; Agnes.Rimando@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 10-AGFD BP 287 EP 287 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900279 ER PT J AU Guo, L Van Hekken, DL Tomasula, PM Tunick, MH Shieh, JJ AF Guo, Ling Van Hekken, Diane L. Tomasula, Peggy M. Tunick, Michael H. Shieh, James J. TI Effect of salt on the functional and rheological properties of fresh queso fresco SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Guo, Ling] NE Agr Univ, Key Lab Dairy Sci, Coll Food Sci, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. [Van Hekken, Diane L.; Tomasula, Peggy M.; Tunick, Michael H.; Shieh, James J.] ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ling.guo@ars.usda.gov; Michael.Tunick@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 168-AGFD BP 298 EP 298 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900290 ER PT J AU Onwulata, C Thomas, AE AF Onwulata, Charles Thomas, Audrey E. TI Steady shear flow behavior of mixed proteins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Onwulata, Charles; Thomas, Audrey E.] ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Charles.Onwulata@ars.usda.gov; Audrey.Thomas@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 169-AGFD BP 307 EP 307 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900299 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, VL Liu, LS AF Finkenstadt, Victoria L. Liu, LinShu TI Antimicrobial PLA packaging using pectin-encapsulated nisin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Finkenstadt, Victoria L.] USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Liu, LinShu] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM victoria.finkenstadt@ars.usda.gov; linshu.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 177-AGFD BP 316 EP 316 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900308 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD AF Wauchope, R. Don TI Direct measurement of phenolic compounds in beverages and foods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wauchope, R. Don] ARS, USDA, Pisgah Forest, NC 28768 USA. EM Wauchope@citcom.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 44-AGFD BP 355 EP 355 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900315 ER PT J AU Malone, R Shipitalo, M Ma, LW Wauchope, RD Ahuja, L Fox, G Sabbagh, GJ Logsdon, S AF Malone, Rob Shipitalo, Martin Ma, Liwang Wauchope, R. Don Ahuja, Laj Fox, Garey Sabbagh, George J. Logsdon, Sally TI Vestiges of soluble complexes appearing in coacervates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Malone, Rob; Shipitalo, Martin; Logsdon, Sally] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ma, Liwang; Ahuja, Laj] ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, USDA, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wauchope, R. Don] ARS, USDA, Pisgah Forest, NC 28768 USA. [Fox, Garey] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Sabbagh, George J.] Bayer CropSci, Environm Res, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. EM rob.malone@ars.usda.gov; Wauchope@citcom.net; garey.fox@okstate.edu; george.sabbagh@bayercropscience.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 106-AGFD BP 356 EP 356 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900316 ER PT J AU Menn, J AF Menn, Julius TI Isolation and identification of colon cancer inhibitory coumarins from Citrus aurantifolia Swingle SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Menn, Julius] ARS, USDA, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 43-AGFD BP 358 EP 358 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900318 ER PT J AU Gao, SD Qin, RJ Hanson, B Wang, D Yates, S AF Gao, Suduan Qin, Ruijun Hanson, Brad Wang, Dong Yates, Scott TI Session: AgFd Division Award Symposium: The Secret Life of Trace Volatiles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gao, Suduan; Qin, Ruijun; Hanson, Brad; Wang, Dong] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Yates, Scott] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM suduan.gao@ars.usda.gov; ruijun.qin@ars.usda.gov; brad.hanson@ars.usda.gov; dong.wang@ars.usda.gov; scott.yates@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 243-AGFD BP 363 EP 363 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900323 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN Bellaloui, N Zablotowicz, RM AF Reddy, Krishna N. Bellaloui, Nacer Zablotowicz, Robert M. TI Physiological and yield response of transgenic and nontransgenic corn to glyphosate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reddy, Krishna N.; Zablotowicz, Robert M.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bellaloui, Nacer] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM krishna.reddy@ars.usda.gov; nacer.bellaloui@ars.usda.gov; robert.zablotowicz@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 73-AGRO BP 374 EP 374 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900334 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Dayan, FE AF Duke, Stephen O. Dayan, Franck E. TI Current and future herbicides available for organic farmers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Duke, Stephen O.; Dayan, Franck E.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu; franck.dayan@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 6-AGRO BP 382 EP 382 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900342 ER PT J AU Trabue, SL McConnell, LL Maghirang, RG Sauer, T AF Trabue, Steven L. McConnell, Laura L. Maghirang, Ronaldo G. Sauer, Thomas TI Identifying key odorants off-site from animal feeding operations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Trabue, Steven L.; Sauer, Thomas] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] ARS, Environm Chem Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Maghirang, Ronaldo G.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM steven.trabue@ars.usda.gov; Laura.McConnell@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 182-AGRO BP 383 EP 383 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900343 ER PT J AU Tsikolia, M Bernier, U Slavov, S Hall, CD Clark, GG Linthicum, KJ Katritzky, AR AF Tsikolia, Maia Bernier, Ulrich Slavov, Svetoslav Hall, C. Dennis Clark, Gary G. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Katritzky, Alan R. TI Discovery of novel mosquito repellents from structure-activity studies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tsikolia, Maia; Bernier, Ulrich; Clark, Gary G.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Slavov, Svetoslav; Hall, C. Dennis; Katritzky, Alan R.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM uli.bernier@ars.usda.gov; cdennishall@aol.com; katritzky@chem.ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 2-AGRO BP 385 EP 385 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900345 ER PT J AU Trigo, C Koskinen, WC Celis, R Cornejo, J AF Trigo, Carmen Koskinen, William C. Celis, Rafael Cornejo, Juan TI Clay-based formulations to reduce the environmental impact of the herbicide terbuthylazine SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Trigo, Carmen; Celis, Rafael; Cornejo, Juan] CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, Seville 41012, Spain. [Koskinen, William C.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ctrigo@irnase.csic.es; koskinen@umn.edu; rcelis@irnase.csic.es; cornejo@irnase.csic.es RI Celis, Rafael/D-8074-2012 OI Celis, Rafael/0000-0002-0548-0774 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 80-AGRO BP 386 EP 386 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900346 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS Barras, S Dorr, B AF Stahl, Randal S. Barras, Scott Dorr, Brian TI Observed differences in fatty acid profiles for commercially produced channel catfish from Mississippi SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stahl, Randal S.; Barras, Scott] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Dorr, Brian] Mississippi State Univ, USDA APHIS WS NWRC, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM Randal.S.Stahl@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 248-AGRO BP 387 EP 387 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900347 ER PT J AU Ro, KS AF Ro, Kyoung S. TI Open-path micrometeorological methods for measuring methane gas emission from agricultural sites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ro, Kyoung S.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29045 USA. EM kyoung.ro@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 63-AGRO BP 397 EP 397 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900357 ER PT J AU Peterson, CJ AF Peterson, Chris J. TI Unsuitability of fluorescein for use as a soil tracer dye SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Peterson, Chris J.] US Forest Serv, Insects Dis & Invas Plants Res Unit, USDA, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM cjpeterson@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 32-AGRO BP 398 EP 398 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900358 ER PT J AU Potter, TL AF Potter, Thomas L. TI Pesticide environmental fate research for the 21st century: Building bridges between laboratory and field studies at varying scales SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Potter, Thomas L.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM tom.potter@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 154-AGRO BP 405 EP 405 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900365 ER PT J AU Papiernik, S Yates, S AF Papiernik, Sharon Yates, Scott TI Plastic films for soil fumigation: Permeability and emissions reduction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Papiernik, Sharon] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Yates, Scott] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Sharon.Papiernik@ars.usda.gov; scott.yates@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 241-AGRO BP 407 EP 407 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900367 ER PT J AU Cantrell, CL Klun, JA Becnel, J Pridgeon, J AF Cantrell, Charles L. Klun, Jerome A. Becnel, James Pridgeon, Julia TI Structure-activity relationship studies on intermedeol and callicarpenal: Two arthropod repellents identified from the Southern folk remedy, Callicarpa americana SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cantrell, Charles L.] USDA ARS, NPURU, Thad Cochran Res Ctr, University, MS 38677 USA. [Klun, Jerome A.] USDA ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Becnel, James; Pridgeon, Julia] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM clcantr1@olemiss.edu; klunj@ba.ars.usda.gov; James.Becnel@ars.usda.gov; Julia.Pridgeon@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 3-AGRO BP 409 EP 409 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900369 ER PT J AU Reddy, SP Green, K AF Reddy, Shanker P. Green, Kim TI Food defense activities for production of catfish products SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reddy, Shanker P.; Green, Kim] USDA FSIS, Off Data Integrat & Food Protect, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM shanker.reddy@fsis.usda.gov; kim.green@fsis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 68-AGRO BP 413 EP 413 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900373 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Lee, J LaBarre, DD Guo, CF Schroeder, C Kause, JR AF Johnston, John J. Lee, Joy LaBarre, David D. Guo, Chaunfa Schroeder, Carl Kause, Janell R. TI Catfish risk assessment for development of science based regulatory policies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnston, John J.] USDA Food Safety & Inspect Award, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Risk Assessment Div, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Lee, Joy; LaBarre, David D.; Guo, Chaunfa; Kause, Janell R.] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, Risk Assessment Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Schroeder, Carl] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Catfish Inspect, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM john.johnston@fsis.usda.gov; Joy.Lee@fsis.usda.gov; David.Labarre@fsis.usda.gov; Chaunfa.Guo@fsis.usda.gov; Carl.Schroeder@fsis.usda.gov; Janell.Kause@fsis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 252-AGRO BP 418 EP 418 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900378 ER PT J AU Goldade, DA Hulslander, LE Yoder, CA AF Goldade, D. A. Hulslander, Laura E. Yoder, Christi A. TI Determination of 20,25-diazacholesterol residues in tissues of exposed birds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goldade, D. A.; Hulslander, Laura E.; Yoder, Christi A.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM David.A.Goldade@usda.gov; Laura.Hulslander@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 38-AGRO BP 424 EP 424 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900384 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF AF Carroll, John F. TI Research on tick repellents: Playing catch up SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carroll, John F.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.carroll@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 26-AGRO BP 429 EP 429 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900389 ER PT J AU Todd, RW Cole, NA Rhoades, MB Parker, DB AF Todd, Richard W. Cole, N. Andy Rhoades, Marty B. Parker, David B. TI Monthly, seasonal. and annual ammonia emissions from southern High Plains cattle feedyards SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Todd, Richard W.; Cole, N. Andy] ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Rhoades, Marty B.; Parker, David B.] W Texas A&M Univ, Div Agr, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. EM richard.todd@ars.usda.gov; andy.cole@ars.usda.gov; mrhoades@wtamu.edu; dparker@wtamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 210-AGRO BP 435 EP 435 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900395 ER PT J AU Ashworth, D Ernst, F Luo, LF Xuan, RC Yates, S AF Ashworth, Daniel Ernst, Fred Luo, Lifang Xuan, Richeng Yates, Scott TI Emissions of 1,3-D and chloropicrin from a single soil under a range of application and emission reduction strategies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ashworth, Daniel; Yates, Scott] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Ernst, Fred; Luo, Lifang; Xuan, Richeng] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM daniel.ashworth@ars.usda.gov; fred.ernst@ars.usda.gov; lifangluo@ars.usda.gov; richeng.xuan@ars.usda.gov; scott.yates@ars.usda.gov RI Ashworth, Daniel/A-9701-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 244-AGRO BP 438 EP 438 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900398 ER PT J AU Locke, MA Zablotowicz, RM AF Locke, Martin A. Zablotowicz, Robert M. TI Environmental research in the USDA-ARS Southern Weed Science Laboratory, Stoneville, MS: Pool tables to 21-gun salutes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Locke, Martin A.] ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Zablotowicz, Robert M.] ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM martinlocke@ars.usda.gov; robert.zablotowicz@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 47-AGRO BP 439 EP 439 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900399 ER PT J AU Gish, TJ Prueger, J Hatfield, JL Mckee, L Kustas, WP Daughtry, CST Russ, A AF Gish, T. J. Prueger, John Hatfield, J. L. McKee, L. Kustas, W. P. Daughtry, C. S. T. Russ, A. TI Effect of meteorology and soil condition on metolachlor and atrazine volatilization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gish, T. J.; McKee, L.; Kustas, W. P.; Daughtry, C. S. T.; Russ, A.] USDA ARS ANRI, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Prueger, John; Hatfield, J. L.] USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM timothy.gish@ars.usda.gov; prueger@nstl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 217-AGRO BP 455 EP 455 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900415 ER PT J AU Wang, D Yates, S AF Wang, Dong Yates, Scott TI Model assessment of fumigant emissions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Dong] USDA ARS, SJVASC, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Yates, Scott] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dong.wang@ars.usda.gov; scott.yates@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 211-AGRO BP 461 EP 461 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900421 ER PT J AU Jessick, AM Moorman, TB Coats, JR AF Jessick, Ashley M. Moorman, Thomas B. Coats, Joel R. TI Development of analytical techniques for the detection and quantification of erythromycin in environmental matrices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jessick, Ashley M.; Coats, Joel R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Moorman, Thomas B.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jessicka@iastate.edu; jcoats@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 84-AGRO BP 462 EP 462 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900422 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR Lydon, J Rice, CP AF Teasdale, John R. Lydon, John Rice, Clifford P. TI Management and regulation of natural products in biologically based weed control systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Teasdale, John R.; Lydon, John; Rice, Clifford P.] ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.teasdale@ars.usda.gov; john.lydon@ars.usda.gov; cliff.rice@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 7-AGRO BP 464 EP 464 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900424 ER PT J AU Spiehs, MJ Woodbury, BL Eigenberg, RA Doran, BE Kohl, KD AF Spiehs, M. J. Woodbury, B. L. Eigenberg, R. A. Doran, B. E. Kohl, K. D. TI Ammonia emissions from feedlot surface of beef deep-bedded monoslope facilities SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Spiehs, M. J.; Woodbury, B. L.; Eigenberg, R. A.] ARS, Environm Management Res Unit, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Doran, B. E.; Kohl, K. D.] Iowa State Univ, Orange City, IA 51041 USA. EM mindy.spiehs@ars.usda.gov; bryan.woodbury@ars.usda.gov; roger.eigenberg@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 62-AGRO BP 475 EP 475 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900435 ER PT J AU Ngo, HL Zafiropoulos, NA Foglia, TA Samulski, ET Lin, WB AF Ngo, Helen L. Zafiropoulos, Nicholas A. Foglia, Thomas A. Samulski, Edward T. Lin, Wenbin TI Developing sustainable strategies for biodiesel synthesis using high fatty acid feedstock SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ngo, Helen L.; Foglia, Thomas A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Zafiropoulos, Nicholas A.; Samulski, Edward T.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM helen.ngo@ars.usda.gov; nzafirop@email.unc.edu; et@unc.edu; wlin@unc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 173-AGRO BP 482 EP 482 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900442 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Taylor, JD AF Kimball, Bruce A. Taylor, Jimmy D. TI Mechanisms of vertebrate herbivore repellency SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kimball, Bruce A.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Taylor, Jimmy D.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM bruce.a.kimball@aphis.usda.gov; jimmy.d.taylor@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 25-AGRO BP 491 EP 491 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900451 ER PT J AU Koskinen, WC AF Koskinen, William C. TI Characterization of pesticide availability/bioavailability in soils SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Koskinen, William C.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM koskinen@umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 150-AGRO BP 512 EP 512 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900472 ER PT J AU Hoagland, RE Boyette, CD Vaughn, KC AF Hoagland, Robert E. Boyette, Clyde D. Vaughn, Kevin C. TI Interactions of the herbicide quinclorac with a bioherbicidal strain of Myrothecium verrucaria SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hoagland, Robert E.; Boyette, Clyde D.; Vaughn, Kevin C.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM bob.hoagland@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 94-AGRO BP 516 EP 516 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900476 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Bahnson, PB Taylor, JB AF Smith, D. J. Bahnson, P. B. Taylor, J. B. TI Analytical method for the determination of chlorate in animal matrices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, D. J.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Bahnson, P. B.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Taylor, J. B.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM david.j.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 42-AGRO BP 517 EP 517 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900477 ER PT J AU Chen, GY AF Chen, Guoying TI Fluorescence screening of leucomalachite green and leucogentian violet residues in catfish SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen, Guoying] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM guoying.chen@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 270-AGRO BP 518 EP 518 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900478 ER PT J AU Barber, BL Rice, PJ Rittenhouse, JL Koskinen, WC AF Barber, Brian L. Rice, Pamela J. Rittenhouse, Jennifer L. Koskinen, William C. TI Quantification of fungicides in snow-melt runoff from turf: A comparison of four extraction methods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barber, Brian L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rice, Pamela J.; Rittenhouse, Jennifer L.; Koskinen, William C.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bbarber@umn.edu; Pamela.Rice@ars.usda.gov; Jennifer.Rittenhouse@ars.usda.gov; koskinen@umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 57-AGRO BP 519 EP 519 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900479 ER PT J AU de Guzman, GTN Hapeman, CJ Torrents, A Brubaker, KL AF de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino Hapeman, Cathleen J. Torrents, Alba Brubaker, Kaye L. TI Transport, distribution, and interaction of pesticides, nutrients, and select pathogens in the Choptank River SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino; Torrents, Alba; Brubaker, Kaye L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hapeman, Cathleen J.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gndg@umd.edu; Cathleen.Hapeman@ARS.USDA.GOV; alba@eng.umd.edu; kbru@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 90-AGRO BP 522 EP 522 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900482 ER PT J AU Gamiz, B Celis, R Cox, L Cornejo, J Koskinen, WC AF Gamiz, Beatriz Celis, Rafael Cox, Lucia Cornejo, Juan Koskinen, William C. TI Effect of olive-mill waste addition to soil on sorption, persistence, and leaching of the herbicide fluometuron SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gamiz, Beatriz; Celis, Rafael; Cox, Lucia; Cornejo, Juan] CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol Sevilla, Seville 41012, Spain. [Koskinen, William C.] USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bgamiz@irnase.csic.es; rcelis@irnase.csic.es; lcox@irnase.csic.es; cornejo@irnase.csic.es; koskinen@umn.edu RI Celis, Rafael/D-8074-2012; COX, LUCIA/M-4072-2015; Gamiz, Beatriz/R-3990-2016 OI Celis, Rafael/0000-0002-0548-0774; Gamiz, Beatriz/0000-0002-7244-778X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 72-AGRO BP 525 EP 525 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900485 ER PT J AU Schroeder, CM AF Schroeder, Carl M. TI Development of the Food Safety and Inspection Service's catfish inspection program SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schroeder, Carl M.] USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20043 USA. EM carl.schroeder@fsis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 251-AGRO BP 527 EP 527 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900487 ER PT J AU Felix, JD Elliott, EM Ham, J McConnell, LL AF Felix, J. David Elliott, Emily M. Ham, Jay McConnell, Laura L. TI Distinguishing sources and fate of atmospheric reactive nitrogen and particulate matter using stable isotopes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Felix, J. David; Elliott, Emily M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Ham, Jay] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] USDA, Environm Chem Lab, Agr Res Stn, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdf47@pitt.edu; eelliott@pitt.edu; jay.ham@colostate.edu; Laura.McConnell@ars.usda.gov RI Elliott, Emily /E-8122-2011 OI Elliott, Emily /0000-0002-9653-1513 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 66-AGRO BP 533 EP 533 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900493 ER PT J AU Woodbury, BL Eigenberg, RA Varel, VH Spiehs, MJ AF Woodbury, Bryan L. Eigenberg, Roger A. Varel, Vince H. Spiehs, M. J. TI Diet effect on the type and spatial distribution of odorous emissions from beef cattle SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Spiehs, M. J.] USDA ARS, Environm Management Res Unit, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM bryan.woodbury@ars.usda.gov; roger.eigenberg@ars.usda.gov; vince.varel@ars.usda.gov; mindy.spiehs@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 65-AGRO BP 534 EP 534 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900494 ER PT J AU Heighton, L Schmidt, WF AF Heighton, Lynne Schmidt, Walter F. TI Comparison of furfural to common soil fumigants and other liquid nematicides in relation to their toxicity, ecological toxicity, and environmental fate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Heighton, Lynne] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schmidt, Walter F.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & Prod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM heighton@umd.edu; walter.schmidt@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 14-AGRO BP 537 EP 537 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900497 ER PT J AU Strickman, D AF Strickman, Daniel TI Advice to the public on using repellents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Strickman, Daniel] ARS, USDA, GWCC BLTSVL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 49-AGRO BP 542 EP 542 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900502 ER PT J AU Chauhan, KR AF Chauhan, Kamlesh R. TI Semiochemicals: Application in organic farming SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chauhan, Kamlesh R.] ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kamal.chauhan@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 11-AGRO BP 544 EP 544 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900504 ER PT J AU Moore, PA Miles, DM Burns, RT Pote, DH Berg, WK Choi, IH AF Moore, P. A., Jr. Miles, D. M. Burns, R. T. Pote, D. H. Berg, W. K. Choi, I. H. TI Ammonia volatilization from broiler litter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moore, P. A., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Miles, D. M.] ARS, Waste Management Lab, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Burns, R. T.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pote, D. H.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [Choi, I. H.] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Cheongju, South Korea. EM philipm@uark.edu; Dana.Miles@ars.usda.gov; rburns@iastate.edu; dan.pote@ars.usda.gov; william.kess.berg@monsanto.com; wicw@chol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 237-AGRO BP 552 EP 552 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900512 ER PT J AU Eaton, RW AF Eaton, Richard W. TI Toward eliminating off-flavors from farm-raised catfish: Bacterial transformations of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Eaton, Richard W.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM richard.eaton@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 265-AGRO BP 557 EP 557 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900517 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Horak, KE Wermager, CR AF Primus, Thomas M. Horak, Katherine E. Wermager, Chad R. TI Chlorophacinone metabolism and inhibition in Wistar Norway rats and meadow voles using liver microsome experiments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Primus, Thomas M.; Horak, Katherine E.; Wermager, Chad R.] USDA APHIS WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Analyt Chem Project, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Thomas.M.Primus@aphis.usda.gov; Katherine.E.Horak@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 37-AGRO BP 566 EP 566 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900526 ER PT J AU Daga, PR Dayan, FE Duke, SO Lee, RM Tranel, PJ Doerksen, RJ AF Daga, Pankaj R. Dayan, Franck E. Duke, Stephen O. Lee, Ryan M. Tranel, Patrick J. Doerksen, Robert J. TI Computational approaches elucidate how a glycine deletion enables plant protoporphyrinogen oxidase to resist herbicides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Daga, Pankaj R.; Doerksen, Robert J.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Med Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. [Dayan, Franck E.; Duke, Stephen O.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Lee, Ryan M.; Tranel, Patrick J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pdaga@olemiss.edu; franck.dayan@ars.usda.gov; sduke@olemiss.edu; tranel@uiuc.edu; rjd@olemiss.edu RI Daga, Pankaj/D-6047-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 81-AGRO BP 570 EP 570 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900530 ER PT J AU Williams, RG Lowrance, R Wauchope, RD Estes, TL AF Williams, Randall G. Lowrance, Richard Wauchope, R. Don Estes, Tammara L. TI Investigating riparian buffers impact on pesticide fate using the Riparian Ecosystem Management Model SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Williams, Randall G.; Lowrance, Richard] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. [Wauchope, R. Don] USDA ARS, Pisgah Forest, NC 28768 USA. [Estes, Tammara L.] Stone Environm Inc, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. EM Randy.Williams@ars.usda.gov; Richard.Lowrance@ars.usda.gov; Wauchope@citcom.net; tlestes@stone-env.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 179-AGRO BP 576 EP 576 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900536 ER PT J AU Johnson, JMF Karlen, DL AF Johnson, Jane M. F. Karlen, Douglas L. TI Advancing biofuels: Balancing for sustainability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, Jane M. F.] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Karlen, Douglas L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jane.johnson@ars.usda.gov; doug.karlen@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 171-AGRO BP 583 EP 583 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900543 ER PT J AU McConnell, LL AF McConnell, Laura L. TI Pesticides in air: The evolving nature of agriculture air quality research SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McConnell, Laura L.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM laura.mcconnell@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 153-AGRO BP 588 EP 588 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900548 ER PT J AU Walthall, CL AF Walthall, Charles L. TI USDA-ARS research programs address scientific knowledge gaps in air quality and provide sound mitigation strategies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Walthall, Charles L.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Charlie.Walthall@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 181-AGRO BP 589 EP 589 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900549 ER PT J AU Patton-Mallory, M Buford, MA AF Patton-Mallory, Marcia Buford, Marilyn A. TI Bioenergy and sustainability forestry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Patton-Mallory, Marcia; Buford, Marilyn A.] US Forest Serv, Western Forestry Leadership Coalit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mpattonmallory@fs.fed.us; mbuford@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 170-AGRO BP 594 EP 594 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900554 ER PT J AU Hapeman, CJ AF Hapeman, Cathleen J. TI Chemicals and chemistry in agriculture and the role of USDA-ARS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hapeman, Cathleen J.] ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM cathleen.hapeman@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 46-AGRO BP 597 EP 597 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900557 ER PT J AU Bosworth, B AF Bosworth, Brian TI Review of hybrid catfish research at the National Warmwater Aquaculture Center SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bosworth, Brian] ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, USDA, NWAC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Brian.Bosworth@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 247-AGRO BP 601 EP 601 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900561 ER PT J AU Waldbieser, GC AF Waldbieser, Geoffrey C. TI Use of molecular markers for catfish production and product quality SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Waldbieser, Geoffrey C.] ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, USDA, NWAC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Geoff.Waldbieser@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 266-AGRO BP 602 EP 602 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900562 ER PT J AU Carroll, MJ Massey, JH Rice, PJ Bell, GE Nett, M AF Carroll, Mark J. Massey, Joseph H. Rice, Pamela J. Bell, Greg E. Nett, Mary TI Golf turf pesticide runoff losses from four regional sites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carroll, Mark J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Massey, Joseph H.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Rice, Pamela J.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bell, Greg E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Nett, Mary] Water Qual Consulting, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. EM mcarroll@umd.edu; jmassey@pss.msstate.edu; pamela.rice@usda.ars.gov; greg.bell@okstate.edu; mnett_WQC@msn.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 219-AGRO BP 603 EP 603 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900563 ER PT J AU Strickman, D AF Strickman, Daniel TI Evaluation of insects repellents from research to consumer protection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Strickman, Daniel] ARS, USDA, GWCC BLTSVL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 30-AGRO BP 624 EP 624 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900584 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Horgan, BP Rittenhouse, JL AF Rice, Pamela J. Horgan, Brian P. Rittenhouse, Jennifer L. TI Reducing the environmental impact of urban runoff: Use of management practices to mitigate pesticide and nutrient transport with runoff from fairway turf SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Horgan, Brian P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rittenhouse, Jennifer L.] Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pamrice@umn.edu; bphorgan@umn.edu; Jennifer.Rittenhouse@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 220-AGRO BP 628 EP 628 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861900587 ER PT J AU Andrade, NA McConnell, LL Torrents, A Ramirez, M AF Andrade, Natasha A. McConnell, Laura L. Torrents, Alba Ramirez, Mark TI ENVR 98-PBDEs: Persistence in agricultural soils after biosolids application SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Andrade, Natasha A.; Torrents, Alba] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] ARS, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ramirez, Mark] DC Water & Sewer Author, Washington, DC USA. EM nandrade@umd.edu; Laura.McConnell@ars.usda.gov; alba@eng.umd.edu; mark_ramirez@dcwasa.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 98-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903724 ER PT J AU Bevacqua, C Rice, CP Torrents, A Ramirez, M AF Bevacqua, Christine Rice, Clifford P. Torrents, Alba Ramirez, Mark TI ENVR 167-Fate of steroid hormones in sewage sludge and poultry litter prior to land application SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bevacqua, Christine] Univ Maryland, Marine Estuarine Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rice, Clifford P.] ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Torrents, Alba] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ramirez, Mark] DC Water & Sewer Author, Washington, DC USA. EM cbevacqu@umd.edu; alba@eng.umd.edu; mark_ramirez@dcwasa.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 167-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903720 ER PT J AU Cantrell, KB Bauer, PJ Frederick, JR Ro, KS Stone, K AF Cantrell, Keri B. Bauer, Phil J. Frederick, James R. Ro, Kyoung S. Stone, Kenneth TI Water usage in southeastern bioenergy crop production SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cantrell, Keri B.; Bauer, Phil J.; Ro, Kyoung S.] ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29045 USA. [Frederick, James R.] Clemson Univ, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. [Stone, Kenneth] USDA ARS Coastal Plains, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov; kyoung.ro@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 290-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905309 ER PT J AU Cote, GL Dunlap, CA Vermillion, KE AF Cote, Gregory L. Dunlap, Christopher A. Vermillion, Karl E. TI CARB 52-Glucosylation of raffinose via glucansucrase acceptor reactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Cote, Gregory L.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Dunlap, Christopher A.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Vermillion, Karl E.] USDA ARS NCAUR, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM greg.cote@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 52-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902006 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, CK AF Fagerquist, Clifton K. TI ANYL 286-Rapid identification of foodborne pathogens by "top-down" proteomics using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fagerquist, Clifton K.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM clifton.fagerquist@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 286-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901047 ER PT J AU Fausey, NR Seger, M Brown, LC AF Fausey, Norman R. Seger, Mark Brown, Larry C. TI Agricultural drainage water management: Potential impact and implementation strategies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fausey, Norman R.] ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, USDA, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Seger, Mark] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Soil & Water Conservat, Kenton, OH 43326 USA. [Brown, Larry C.] Othio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM norm.fausey@ars.usda.gov; Mark.Seger@dnr.state.oh.us; Brown.59@osu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 286-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905292 ER PT J AU Fireovid, RL AF Fireovid, Robert L. TI Review the national dilemma regarding energy security and the USDA-ARS response SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fireovid, Robert L.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.fireovid@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 284-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905298 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Chau, HK Cooke, PH Coffin, D Liu, LS Hotchkiss, AT AF Fishman, Marshall L. Chau, H. K. Cooke, Peter H. Coffin, David Liu, Lin Shu Hotchkiss, A. T. TI POLY 594-Extraction and characterization of sugar beet polysaccharides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Coffin, David] Agr Res Serv, Microbial Biophys & Residue Chem & Core Technol R, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM marshall.fishman@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 594-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906516 ER PT J AU Huda, MS Schmidt, WF Teffeau, M AF Huda, Masud S. Schmidt, Walter F. Teffeau, Marc TI Biodegradable plastic materials from the fibers of poultry feather SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Huda, Masud S.; Teffeau, Marc] Inst Hort Res, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Schmidt, Walter F.] ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, USDA, EMBUL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Masud.Huda@ars.usda.gov; Walter.Schmidt@ars.usda.gov; mteffeau@anla.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 532-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905428 ER PT J AU Jordan, GT Hughes, D Lee, ST AF Jordan, Glenn T. Hughes, David Lee, Stephen T. TI CHED 421-Our future is today: Preparing high school students for a career in scientific research SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jordan, Glenn T.; Hughes, David] Cincinnati Hills Christian Acad, Dept Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45249 USA. [Lee, Stephen T.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM glenn.jordan@chca-oh.org; stephenlee@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 421-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902439 ER PT J AU Ju, LK Kuo, TM Koganti, S Lin, ZY AF Ju, Lu-kwang Kuo, Tsung Min Koganti, Srujana Lin, Zhongye TI BIOT 401-Production of arabitol from biodiesel byproduct glycerol using Debaryomyces hansenii SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ju, Lu-kwang; Koganti, Srujana; Lin, Zhongye] Univ Akron, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Kuo, Tsung Min] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ju@uakron.edu; TsungMin.Kuo@ars.usda.gov; sruj.koganti@gmail.com; zl13@uakron.edu RI Ju, Lu-Kwang/M-2466-2014 OI Ju, Lu-Kwang/0000-0002-2339-6891 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 401-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901596 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP AF Liu, Cheng-Kung Latona, Nicholas P. TI Effects of milling on the fibrous structure and mechanical behaviors of a collagen material - leather SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liu, Cheng-Kung; Latona, Nicholas P.] ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM chengkung.liu@ars.usda.gov; nick.latona@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 14-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905453 ER PT J AU Lyons, AS Rowell, RM Bu, XR AF Lyons, Anastesia S. Rowell, Roger M. Bu, Xiu R. TI POLY 599-New polymeric systems containing imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine chelating ligands: Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lyons, Anastesia S.; Bu, Xiu R.] Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Rowell, Roger M.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 18707 USA. [Rowell, Roger M.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Plasma Aided Mfg, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 18707 USA. [Rowell, Roger M.] US Forest Serv, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 18707 USA. EM rmrowell@facstaff.wisc.edu; xbu@cau.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 599-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906102 ER PT J AU Lyons, AS Amoyaw, PA Williams, M Bu, XR AF Lyons, Anastesia S. Amoyaw, Prince A. Williams, Myron Bu, Xiu R. TI ENVR 137-Removal of cadmium (II) in ppb level from aqueous medium SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lyons, Anastesia S.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Amoyaw, Prince A.; Williams, Myron; Bu, Xiu R.] Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. EM XBu@cau.edu; XBu@cau.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 137-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903767 ER PT J AU Nghiem, NP Johnston, D Taylor, F McAloon, A Hicks, K AF Nghiem, Nhuan P. Johnston, David Taylor, Frank McAloon, Andrew Hicks, Kevin TI Reduction of water usage in dry-grind corn ethanol plants through the use of enzymes and process modification SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nghiem, Nhuan P.; Johnston, David; Taylor, Frank; McAloon, Andrew; Hicks, Kevin] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM John.Nghiem@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 310-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905093 ER PT J AU Peterson, SC Boateng, A AF Peterson, Steven C. Boateng, Akwasi TI ENVR 174-Evaluating waste charcoal as potential rubber composite filler SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Peterson, Steven C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Boateng, Akwasi] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Steve.Peterson@ars.usda.gov; akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 174-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903579 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ Bartelt, RJ Vermillion, KE AF Petroski, Richard J. Bartelt, Robert J. Vermillion, Karl E. TI Improved synthesis of a dimethylfuran-containing macrolide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Petroski, Richard J.; Bartelt, Robert J.] ARS, Bioprotect Res Unit, USDA, REE,Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Vermillion, Karl E.] ARS, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Richard.Petroski@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 152-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861908233 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Mizuno, CS Kaiser, M Brun, R AF Rimando, Agnes M. Mizuno, Cassia S. Kaiser, Marcel Brun, Reto TI In vitro activity of stilbene analogs against human protozoan pathogens SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rimando, Agnes M.; Mizuno, Cassia S.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Kaiser, Marcel; Brun, Reto] Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. EM agnes.rimando@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 122-MEDI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861907293 ER PT J AU Ro, KS Cantrell, KB Hunt, PG AF Ro, Kyoung S. Cantrell, Keri B. Hunt, P. G. TI Efficiency of a skid-mounted pyrolysis system for power production from animal manures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ro, Kyoung S.; Cantrell, Keri B.; Hunt, P. G.] ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, USDA, Florence, SC 29045 USA. EM kyoung.ro@ars.usda.gov; keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 312-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905300 ER PT J AU Sammons, RJ Labbe, N Harper, DP Elder, T Rials, TG AF Sammons, R. J. Labbe, Nicole Harper, David P. Elder, Thomas Rials, T. G. TI Characterization of lignins using thermal and FT-IR spectroscopic analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sammons, R. J.; Labbe, Nicole; Harper, David P.; Rials, T. G.] Univ Tennessee, Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Elder, Thomas] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM rgelderl@utk.edu; nlabbe@utk.edu; telder@fs.fed.us; trials@utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 174-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905399 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Willett, JL Biswas, A AF Shogren, R. L. Willett, J. L. Biswas, Atanu TI POLY 592-HRP-mediated synthesis of starch-polyacrylamide graft copolymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shogren, R. L.; Willett, J. L.; Biswas, Atanu] USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM atanu.biswas@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 592-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906456 ER PT J AU Shortle, WC Smith, KT AF Shortle, Walter C. Smith, Kevin T. TI GEOC 81-What information about changing biogeochemistry exists in tree ring chemistry? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shortle, Walter C.; Smith, Kevin T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM wshortle@fs.fed.us; ktsmith@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 81-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902770 ER PT J AU Smith, MC Ahn, H White, J Ingram, S AF Smith, Matt C. Ahn, Heekwon White, John Ingram, S. TI Farm biogas production and water resources SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, Matt C.; Ahn, Heekwon; White, John; Ingram, S.] ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM matt.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 311-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905290 ER PT J AU Stone, K AF Stone, Kenneth TI Managing water resources for biomass production in a biofuel economy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stone, Kenneth] ARS Coastal Plains, USDA, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 287-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905223 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM Isenberg, SL Cote, GL AF Striegel, Andre M. Isenberg, Samantha L. Cote, Gregory L. TI POLY 108-Degradation of ultrahigh molar mass polymers in size-exclusion chromatography SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Striegel, Andre M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cote, Gregory L.] ARS, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM striegel@chem.fsu.edu; sli07@fsu.edu; greg.cote@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 108-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906440 ER PT J AU Torrents, A Lozano, N Rice, CP Ramirez, M AF Torrents, Alba Lozano, Nuria Rice, Clifford P. Ramirez, Mark TI ENVR 94-Removal of two antibacterial compounds (triclocarban and triclosan) in a wastewater treatment plant SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Torrents, Alba; Lozano, Nuria] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rice, Clifford P.] USDA, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ramirez, Mark] DC Water & Sewer Author, Washington, DC USA. EM alba@eng.umd.edu; Nuria.Lozano@ars.usda.gov; Clifford.rice@ars.usda.gov; mark_ramirez@dcwasa.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 94-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903698 ER PT J AU Sealey, WM Barrows, FT Smith, CE Overturf, K LaPatra, SE AF Sealey, Wendy M. Barrows, Frederic T. Smith, Charles E. Overturf, Kenneth LaPatra, Scott E. TI Soybean meal level and probiotics in first feeding fry diets alter the ability of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to utilize high levels of soybean meal during grow-out SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Soybean meal; Probiotics; Rainbow trout; Immune function ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; DISEASE RESISTANCE; INTESTINAL-MUCOSA; INDUCED ENTERITIS; DISTAL INTESTINE; L.; RESPONSES; IMMUNE; FISH AB Inclusion rates of soybean meal in salmonid diets are currently kept low to minimize detrimental effects on growth, enteritis and immune responses. Probiotics have been used to treat both infectious and noninfectious enteritis in humans and other terrestrial animals and may represent a feasible method for increasing soy utilization in soy-sensitive aquatic species. To test the hypothesis that probiotics incorporation in rainbow trout starter diets can induce immune-mediated soybean tolerance, a two-phase experimental design was employed. In the starter phase (first feeding, 0.13 +/- 0.01 to 6.5 +/- 0.32 g fish(-1)), a practical-type diet was formulated to contain 48% crude protein and 20% crude fat containing either 0 (S0), 10 (S10) or 20% (S20) soybean meal (SBM) and supplemented with (S0P, S10P, S20P) or without a commercially available probiotic (Mycolactor Dry Probiotic (R)) in a 3 x 2 factorial design. Diets were fed to four replicate tanks of fish per treatment (300 fish tank(-1); House Creek strain) for E weeks. Trout were reared in 150 L tanks supplied with 4 L min(-1) of constant temperature (14.8 degrees C) flow-through spring water. Potentially soy tolerant rainbow trout produced by feeding probiotics and increased levels of soybean meal in starter diets as described above were then fed the industry standard level 15% (G15) or a diet with a challenge level of 43% (G43) of soybean meal during a 12 week grow-out and digestibility trial. Pathological changes were observed in intestines of fish fed the 43% SBM during grow-out; however, these changes were less severe when fish had been exposed to soybean meal in starter diets. The addition of probiotics to starter diets appeared to improve soybean meal utilization by first feeding rainbow trout, but probiotic use had only limited benefits when they were not continuously provided in the diet. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sealey, Wendy M.] Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.; Overturf, Kenneth] USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Smith, Charles E.] Smith Aquaculture Pathol Consulting, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [LaPatra, Scott E.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. RP Sealey, WM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM wsealey@uidaho.edu FU Washington State University/University of Idaho Aquaculture Initiative [2005-34468-16419]; University of Idaho; USDA, ARS, Trout FX The authors would like to thank Lucas Porter of the USDA, ARS Trout Grains Program for his assistance in diet preparation. We thank the staff at the Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station and Clear Springs Foods for their contributions. We also acknowledge Dr. Richard Towner, GenTec Consulting, for statistical analysis of the antibody titers. Funding for the study was provided, in part, by the Washington State University/University of Idaho Aquaculture Initiative (CSREES grant 2005-34468-16419), the University of Idaho, and the USDA, ARS, Trout Grains Project; Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen Idaho. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation by the USDA or the University of Idaho. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 8 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 293 IS 3-4 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.04.013 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 472RP UT WOS:000268150000007 ER PT J AU Kim, YH Bettinger, P Finney, M AF Kim, Young-Hwan Bettinger, Pete Finney, Mark TI Spatial optimization of the pattern of fuel management activities and subsequent effects on simulated wildfires SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE OR in natural resources; Heuristics; Large scale optimization; Forest planning; Forest fuels management; Combinatorial optimization; Fire modeling ID FIRE SPREAD; PRESCRIPTIONS; LANDSCAPES; BEHAVIOR AB Methods for scheduling forest management activities in a spatial pattern (dispersed, clumped, random, and regular) are presented, with the intent to examine the effects of placement of activities on resulting simulated wildfire behavior. Both operational and fuel reduction management prescriptions are examined, and a heuristic was employed to schedule the activities. The main hypothesis is that simulated wildfire effects during a severe fire season may be mitigated by scheduling activities in a pattern across the landscape. Results suggest: (1) operational management prescriptions, designed to promote the development of forest structure within a desired range of stand density, were not appropriate for mitigating wildfire effects, and (2) increased harvest levels obscure spatial patterns of activity, making patterns less clear as harvests increase. Results also suggest that fuel reduction management prescriptions may marginally minimize wildfire severity during a severe fire season, when scheduled in a spatial pattern. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kim, Young-Hwan] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Finney, Mark] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Bettinger, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM alliedk@hanmail.net; pbettinger@warnell.uga.edu; mfinney@fs.fed.us OI Bettinger, Pete/0000-0002-5454-3970 NR 40 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 197 IS 1 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2008.05.025 PG 13 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 421VW UT WOS:000264387400027 ER PT J AU Joo, HJ Yim, YH Jeong, PY Jin, YX Lee, JE Kim, H Jeong, SK Chitwood, DJ Paik, YK AF Joo, Hyoe-Jin Yim, Yong-Hyeon Jeong, Pan-Young Jin, You-Xun Lee, Jeong-Eui Kim, Heekyeong Jeong, Seul-Ki Chitwood, David J. Paik, Young-Ki TI Caenorhabditis elegans utilizes dauer pheromone biosynthesis to dispose of toxic peroxisomal fatty acids for cellular homoeostasis SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ascaroside; Caenorhabditis elegans; daumone; fatty acid; dauer larvae; nematode; peroxisomal beta-oxidation; pheromone ID ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES NEMATODA; DEVELOPMENTAL VARIANT; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; LIPID-METABOLISM; BETA-OXIDATION; PRISTANIC ACID; PHYTANIC ACID; C-ELEGANS; DISORDERS; GENE AB Caertorhabditis elegans excretes a dauer pheromone or daumone composed of ascarylose and a fatty acid side chain, the perception of which enables worms to enter the dauer state for longterm survival in an adverse environment. During the Course of elucidation of the daumone biosynthetic pathway in which DHS-28 and DAF-22 are involved in peroxisomal beta-oxidation of VLCFAs (very long-chain fatty acids), we sought to investigate the physiological consequences of a deficiency in daumone biosynthesis in C. elegans. Our results revealed that two Mutants, dhs-28(tm2581) and daf-22(ok693), lacked daumones and thus were dauer defective; this coincided with massive accumulation of fatty acyl-CoAs (up to 100-fold) inside worm bodies compared with levels in wild-type N2 worms. Furthermore, the deficiency in daumone biosynthesis and the massive accumulation of fatty acids and their acyl-CoAs caused severe developmental defects with reduced life spans (up to 30%), suggesting that daumone biosynthesis is be an essential part of C. elegans homoeostasis. affecting survival and maintenance of optimal physiological conditions by metabolizing some of the toxic non-permissible peroxisomal VLCFAs from the worm body in the form of readily excretable daumones. C1 [Joo, Hyoe-Jin; Jeong, Pan-Young; Lee, Jeong-Eui; Kim, Heekyeong; Jeong, Seul-Ki; Paik, Young-Ki] Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Proteome Res Ctr, Dept Biochem, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Yim, Yong-Hyeon; Jin, You-Xun] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Chitwood, David J.] ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Paik, YK (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Proteome Res Ctr, Dept Biochem, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM paikyk@yonsei.ac.kr FU Korea Health 21 RD; Ministry of Health and Welfare of Republic of Korea [A030003]; Forest Science & Technology Project through the Korea Forest Service [S110707L0501501] FX This study was supported by a grant from the Korea Health 21 R&D project, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Republic of Korea [grant number A030003 (to Y.-K. P)] and a Forest Science & Technology Project through the Korea Forest Service [grant number S110707L0501501 (to Y.-K. P.)]. NR 51 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 14 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 422 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1042/BJ20090513 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 484DI UT WOS:000269023100007 PM 19496754 ER PT J AU Zingg, JM Azzi, A AF Zingg, Jean-Marc Azzi, Angelo TI Comment Re: Vitamin E Transport Gene Variants and Prostate Cancer SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 [Zingg, Jean-Marc; Azzi, Angelo] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Zingg, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 16 BP 6756 EP 6756 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0535 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 484RI UT WOS:000269064600048 PM 19654307 ER PT J AU Heathman, GC Larose, M Cosh, MH Bindlish, R AF Heathman, Gary C. Larose, Myriam Cosh, Michael H. Bindlish, Rajat TI Surface and profile soil moisture spatio-temporal analysis during an excessive rainfall period in the Southern Great Plains, USA SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Soil moisture; Time domain reflectometry; Temporal stability; Spatial variability; Southern Great Plain ID TEMPORAL STABILITY; WATER CONTENT; TIME AB In this work we analyze the temporal stability of soil moisture at the field and watershed scales in the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW), as part of the remote sensing Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign (CLASIC07) during June 2007 in south-central Oklahoma. Temporal stability of surface and profile soil moisture data were investigated for 20 LWREW soil moisture measurement stations. In addition, daily surface and profile soil moisture measurements were obtained in four 800 m by 800 m fields (remote sensing footprint), including two rangeland sites and two winter wheat fields. The work aimed to analyze the temporal stability of soil moisture at the watershed and field scale and to identify stations within the watershed, as well as locations within each field, that were representative of the mean areal soil moisture content. We also determined the relationship between sites found to be temporally stable for surface soil moisture versus those determined stable for average profile soil moisture content. For the unusually wet experimental period, results at the watershed scale show that LWREW stations 133 and 134 provided stable underestimates, while stations 132 and 154 provided stable overestimates of the watershed mean at all depths. In addition, station 136 had very high non-zero temporal stability at the 25 cm and 45 cm depths indicating that it could be used as representative watershed site provided a constant offset value is used to acquire a watershed mean soil water content value. In general, the deeper depths exhibited higher soil moisture spatial variability, as indicated by the higher standard deviations. At the field scale, measured average profile soil moisture was higher in the winter wheat fields than the rangeland fields with the majority of the winter wheat depth intervals having high non-zero temporal stability. Field scale temporal stability analysis revealed that 4 of the 16 sampling sites in the rangeland fields and 3 of the 16 sampling sites in the winter wheat fields either under or overestimated the field means in the 0-5 and 0-60 cm depth intervals. Field sites considered temporally stable for the surface soil moisture were not stable for the profile soil moisture, except for the LW45 field where two sites were stable at both the surface and profile soil moisture. This finding is significant in terms of soil moisture ground-truth sampling for calibrating and validating airborne remotely sensed soil moisture products under extremely wet conditions. In addition, identification of temporally stable sites at the watershed and field scales in the LWREW provide insight in determining future measurement station locations and field scale ground sampling protocol, as well as providing data sets for hydrologic modeling. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Heathman, Gary C.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Larose, Myriam] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cosh, Michael H.; Bindlish, Rajat] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Heathman, GC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gheathman@purdue.edu RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 78 IS 2 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2009.04.002 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 510LJ UT WOS:000271089700008 ER PT J AU Fellman, JB Miller, MP Cory, RM D'Amore, DV White, D AF Fellman, Jason B. Miller, Mathew P. Cory, Rose M. D'Amore, David V. White, Dan TI Characterizing Dissolved Organic Matter Using PARAFAC Modeling of Fluorescence Spectroscopy: A Comparison of Two Models SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; NATURAL-WATERS; WETLAND; TERRESTRIAL; TUTORIAL; MARINE; FOREST; DOC AB We evaluated whether fitting fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) to a previously validated PARAFAC model is an acceptable alternative to building an original model. To do this, we built a 10-component model using 307 EEMs collected from southeast Alaskan soil and streamwater. All 307 EEMs were then fit to the existing model (CM) presented in Cory and McKnight (Environ. Sci. Technol, 2005, 39, 8142-8149), The first approach for evaluating whether the EEMs were fit well to the CM model was an evaluation of the residual EEMs, and we found 22 EEMs were fit poorly by the CM model. Our second measure for verifying whether EEMs were fit well to the CM model was a comparison of correlations between the percent contribution of PARAFAC components and DOM measurements (e.g., dissolved nutrient concentrations), and we found no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two models. These results support the approach of fitting EEMs to an existing model when DOM is collected from similar environments, which can potentially reduce some of the problems when building an original PARAFAC model. However, it is important to recognize that some of the sensitivity or ecological interpretative power may be lost when fitting EEMs to an existing model. C1 [Fellman, Jason B.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Miller, Mathew P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cory, Rose M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [D'Amore, David V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [White, Dan] Univ Alaska, Inst No Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fellman, JB (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fsjbf6@uaf.edu RI Cory, Rose/C-4198-2016; OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823; Cory, Rose/0000-0001-9867-7084 NR 22 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 16 BP 6228 EP 6234 DI 10.1021/es900143g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 482RZ UT WOS:000268907700023 PM 19746718 ER PT J AU Brisibe, EA Umoren, UE Brisibe, F Magalhaes, PM Ferreira, JFS Luthria, D Wu, XL Prior, RL AF Brisibe, Ebiamadon Andi Umoren, Umoren E. Brisibe, Fraideh Magalhaees, Pedro M. Ferreira, Jorge F. S. Luthria, Devanand Wu, Xianli Prior, Ronald L. TI Nutritional characterisation and antioxidant capacity of different tissues of Artemisia annua L. SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Antioxidants; Artemisia annua; Conventional feed; Iron; Livestock; Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) ID IN-VITRO; JUDAICA L; COMPONENTS; DERIVATIVES; ARTEMETHER; VEGETABLES; PARASITES; EXTRACTS; HEALTH; GROWTH AB Evaluation of different tissues of Artemisia annua for their nutritional contents and antioxidant potential demonstrated that the leaves and inflorescences had the highest percentage of protein, crude fat and in vitro digestible fractions but the lowest levels of detergent fibres. These tissues also had the highest composition of the major elements as well as manganese and copper. Their relatively high amino acid and vitamin profiles equally reflect a desirable nutritional balance adding to their high antioxidant capacities. Collectively, these high levels of the different nutritional constituents and antioxidant activities coupled with the very low and often negligible levels of inherent anti-nutritive factors, especially in the leaves, which are far below recommended toxic levels, establishes A. annua as a good reservoir of nutrients and antioxidants that might favour its use as a potential herbal tonic by humans or an important supplementary feed additive for livestock production systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brisibe, Ebiamadon Andi] Univ Calabar, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, Calabar, Cross River Sta, Nigeria. [Brisibe, Ebiamadon Andi] Niger Delta Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Yenagoa, Nigeria. [Brisibe, Fraideh] Univ Maiduguri, Dept Vet Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Maiduguri, Nigeria. [Magalhaees, Pedro M.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Chem Biol & Agr Pluridisciplinary Res Ctr CPQBA, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Ferreira, Jorge F. S.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Luthria, Devanand] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wu, Xianli; Prior, Ronald L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Brisibe, EA (reprint author), Univ Calabar, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, Mary Slessor Rd, Calabar, Cross River Sta, Nigeria. EM brisibe2002@yahoo.co.uk OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 NR 49 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 115 IS 4 BP 1240 EP 1246 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.033 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 437HC UT WOS:000265476500011 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, BW Davis, OK Boue, S DeLucca, A Deeby, T AF LeBlanc, Blaise W. Davis, Owen K. Boue, Stephen DeLucca, Anthony Deeby, Thomas TI Antioxidant activity of Sonoran Desert bee pollen SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bee pollen; Phenolics; Antioxidant; Radical; DPPH; FRAP; GC-MS; Solid phase micto-extraction; SPME ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; HONEY-BEES; APIDAE; PROPOLIS; EXTRACTS; ACID AB Bee pollen (pollen collected by honey bees) was collected in the high intensity ultraviolet (UV) Sonoran Desert and analyzed by the DPPH (radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) assay and the FRAP (ferric reducing-antioxidant power) assay on six different pollen samples and in eight different water miscible solvents at 50 mg/ml. The bee pollen taxa were characterized for each pollen type by acetylization of the pollen extracts followed by microscopy and comparison with a library of samples native to the Sonoran Desert. The standards (R-(+)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), known as TROLOX, gallic acid and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) were analysed as standards to determine the potency of each pollen sample in the most efficient solvent. The Mimosa pollen sample displayed the highest antioxidant activity. Total polyphenolics, flavanols, flavones were determined, and the results are reported in milligrams of gallic acid. quercetin and naringenin per gram of pollen, respectively. There was good correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolics. The order of effectiveness of the pollen samples in regard to antioxidant activity was determined and the most effective extraction solvents are discussed. Finally, solid phase micro-extraction, coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was utilized to identify and quantify polyphenolic compounds known to have free radical scavenging activity in the pollen samples. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [LeBlanc, Blaise W.; Deeby, Thomas] ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Davis, Owen K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geophys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Boue, Stephen; DeLucca, Anthony] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP LeBlanc, BW (reprint author), ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM blaise_LL@hotmail.com RI Gao, Hong/E-2734-2012 NR 29 TC 61 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 115 IS 4 BP 1299 EP 1305 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.055 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 437HC UT WOS:000265476500020 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Champagne, ET AF Chung, Si-Yin Champagne, Elaine T. TI Reducing the allergenic capacity of peanut extracts and liquid peanut butter by phenolic compounds SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Phenolics; Caffeic; Chlorogenic; Ferulic acids; Liquid peanut butter; Peanut allergens; Ara h 1 and Ara h 2; IgE binding; Allergenicity ID FOOD ALLERGY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; POLYPHENOLS; PROTEINS; PRECIPITATION; COMPLEXATION; ANTIOXIDANT; BINDING; FUTURE; FRUITS AB Phenolic compounds are known to form soluble and insoluble complexes with proteins. The objective of this study was to determine if phenolics such as caffeic, chlorogenic and ferulic acids form insoluble and irreversible complexes with major peanut allergens, and if such complexation reduces immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding. After adding each of the phenolics to peanut extracts and liquid peanut butter, the soluble materials were analysed by SDS-PAGE and inhibition ELISA. Results showed that addition of the phenolics precipitated most of the major peanut allergens, Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, and that complexation was irreversible. IgE binding was reduced approximately 10- to 16-fold. We concluded that reducing IgE binding by phenolics is feasible. The research, if proven by clinical studies, could lead to the development of less allergenic liquid peanut-based products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chung, Si-Yin; Champagne, Elaine T.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chung, SY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM siyin.chung@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 EI 1873-7072 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 115 IS 4 BP 1345 EP 1349 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.052 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 437HC UT WOS:000265476500026 ER PT J AU Becker, SC Foster-Frey, J Stodola, AJ Anacker, D Donovan, DM AF Becker, Stephen C. Foster-Frey, Juli Stodola, Angeline J. Anacker, Daniel Donovan, David M. TI Differentially conserved staphylococcal SH3b_5 cell wall binding domains confer increased staphylolytic and streptolytic activity to a streptococcal prophage endolysin domain SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Peptidoglycan hydrolase; Bacteriophage endolysin; Autolysin; Phage introns; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus uberis ID LYTIC ACTIVITY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; AUREUS; LYSOSTAPHIN; BACTERIAL; SEQUENCE; LYSOZYME; ENDOPEPTIDASE; SPECIFICITY AB Staphylococcal peptidoglycan hydrolases are a potential new source of antimicrobials. A large subset harbors C-terminal SH3b_5 cell wall binding domains. These C-terminal domains have been shown to be necessary for accurate cell wall recognition and subsequent staphylolytic activity for some endolysins. Over fifty proteins of staphylococcal or phage origin containing SH3b domains were aligned, yielding five highly repetitive groups of proteins. Representative C-termini from these five groups, and six staphylococcal proteins for which no homologues have been identified, were aligned, revealing two distinct SH3b_5 subgroups with overlapping but differentially conserved residues. A premise behind this research is that there may be unique cell wall binding properties conferred by these staphylococcal domains that could be exploited to specifically enhance anti-staphylococcal efficacy in heterologous protein fusion constructs. To identify functional differences between the two subgroups, the native Cpl-7 cell wall binding domains of the streptococcal LambdaSa2 endolysin were replaced by staphylococcal SH3b domains from both subgroups. SH3b domains from either lysostaphin (bacteriocin) or LysK (phage endolysin) resulted in a similar to 5x increase in staphylolytic activity conferred on the streptococcal endopeptidase domain, and surprisingly these same fusions maintained significant streptolytic activity suggesting that the staphylococcal SH3b domains are not always staphylococcal-specific. A comparison of the differences in lytic activity conferred on the LambdaSa2 endopeptidase domain by either LysK or lysostaphin SH3b domain differed by no more than a factor of two. Through the collection of peptidoglycan hydrolase sequences, three new putative intron-containing phage endolysin genes were identified in public data sets for the phages G1, X2 and 85. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Becker, Stephen C.; Foster-Frey, Juli; Stodola, Angeline J.; Anacker, Daniel; Donovan, David M.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Donovan, DM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, BARC,USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Stephen.Becker@ars.usda.gov; Juli.fosterfrey@ars.usda.gov; angie.stodola@hologic.com; anackd03@gmail.com; david.donovan@ars.usda.gov FU CREES [2007-35204-18395]; ARS FX Funding was provided by CREES award # 2007-35204-18395 and ARS for the research presented as well ARS headquarters for a postdoctorate fellowship. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 47 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 443 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2009.04.023 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 471UP UT WOS:000268084100004 PM 19422893 ER PT J AU Waterland, RA Kellermayer, R Rached, MT Tatevian, N Gomes, MV Zhang, JX Zhang, L Chakravarty, A Zhu, W Laritsky, E Zhang, WJ Wang, XD Shen, LL AF Waterland, Robert A. Kellermayer, Richard Rached, Marie-Therese Tatevian, Nina Gomes, Marcus V. Zhang, Jiexin Zhang, Li Chakravarty, Abrita Zhu, Wei Laritsky, Eleonora Zhang, Wenjuan Wang, Xiaodan Shen, Lanlan TI Epigenomic profiling indicates a role for DNA methylation in early postnatal liver development SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EPIGENETIC GENE-REGULATION; CPG ISLAND PROMOTERS; MAMMALIAN DEVELOPMENT; CYTOSINE METHYLATION; FETAL LIVER; EXPRESSION; GENOME; CELLS; REGIONS; MOUSE AB The question of whether DNA methylation contributes to the stabilization of gene expression patterns in differentiated mammalian tissues remains controversial. Using genome-wide methylation profiling, we screened 3757 gene promoters for changes in methylation during postnatal liver development to test the hypothesis that developmental changes in methylation and expression are temporally correlated. We identified 31 genes that gained methylation and 111 that lost methylation from embryonic day 17.5 to postnatal day 21. Promoters undergoing methylation changes in postnatal liver tended not to be associated with CpG islands. At most genes studied, developmental changes in promoter methylation were associated with expression changes, suggesting both that transcriptional inactivity attracts de novo methylation, and that transcriptional activity can override DNA methylation and successively induce developmental hypomethylation. These in vivo data clearly indicate a role for DNA methylation in mammalian differentiation, and provide the novel insight that critical windows in mammalian developmental epigenetics extend well beyond early embryonic development. C1 [Waterland, Robert A.; Kellermayer, Richard; Rached, Marie-Therese; Gomes, Marcus V.; Laritsky, Eleonora; Zhang, Wenjuan] USDA, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Waterland, Robert A.] USDA, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Tatevian, Nina] Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Houston, TX USA. [Zhang, Jiexin; Zhang, Li] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat & Appl Biomath, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Chakravarty, Abrita] Duke Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Zhu, Wei; Wang, Xiaodan; Shen, Lanlan] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Leukemia, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), USDA, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St,Ste 5080, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM waterland@bcm.edu FU National Institutes of Health [5K01DK070007]; March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation [5-FY05-47]; United States Department of Agriculture [6250-51000-049]; Sidney Kimmel Foundation Scholar FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health [5K01DK070007 to R. A. W.], the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation [#5-FY05-47 to R. A. W.] and the United States Department of Agriculture [CRIS #6250-51000-049 to R. A. W.]. L. S. is a Sidney Kimmel Foundation Scholar. NR 52 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 18 IS 16 BP 3026 EP 3038 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddp241 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 475BN UT WOS:000268330900009 PM 19457928 ER PT J AU Essery, R Marks, D Marsh, P AF Essery, Richard Marks, Danny Marsh, Philip TI Subsurface, surface and atmospheric processes in cold regions hydrology Preface SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SNOWMELT C1 [Essery, Richard] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Marks, Danny] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Marsh, Philip] Environm Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. RP Essery, R (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. EM Richard.Essery@ed.ac.uk OI Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 17 BP 2496 EP 2497 DI 10.1002/hyp.7365 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 485EG UT WOS:000269103200008 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, JW Marks, D Link, T Ellis, C Hardy, J Rowlands, A Granger, R AF Pomeroy, John W. Marks, Danny Link, Tim Ellis, Chad Hardy, Janet Rowlands, Aled Granger, Raoul TI The impact of coniferous forest temperature on incoming longwave radiation to melting snow SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snowmelt; longwave radiation; forest temperature; shortwave radiation; transmissivity; pine forest; rocky mountains; CLPX ID BOREAL FOREST; ENERGY-BALANCE; SHORTWAVE IRRADIANCE; SOLAR-RADIATION; PINE CANOPY; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; ABLATION; TRANSMISSION; SIMULATION AB Measurements were conducted in coniferous forests of differing density, insolation and latitude to test whether air temperatures are suitable surrogates for canopy temperature in estimating sub-canopy longwave irradiance to snow. Air temperature generally was a good representation of canopy radiative temperature under conditions of low insolation. However during high insolation, needle and branch temperatures were well estimated by air temperature only in relatively dense canopies and exceeded air temperatures elsewhere. Tree trunks exceeded air temperatures in all canopies during high insolation, with the relatively hottest trunks associated with direct interception of sunlight, sparse canopy cover and dead trees. The exitance of longwave radiation from these relatively warm canopies exceeded that calculated assuming canopy temperature was equal to air temperature. This enhancement was strongly related to the extinction of shortwave radiation by the canopy. Estimates of sub-canopy Ion-wave irradiance using either two-energy source or two thermal regime approaches to evaluate the contribution of canopy longwave exitance performed better than did estimates that used only air temperature and sky view. However, there was little evidence that such corrections are necessary under cloudy or low solar insolation conditions. The longwave enhancement effect due to shortwave extinction was important to sub-canopy longwave irradiance to snow during clear, sunlit conditions. Longwave enhancement increased with increasing solar elevation angle and decreasing air temperature. Its relative importance to longwave irradiance to snow was insensitive to canopy density. As errors from ignoring enhanced longwave contributions from the canopy accumulate over the winter season, it is important for snow energy balance computations to include the enhancement in order to better calculate snow internal energy and therefore the timing and magnitude of snowmelt and sublimation. Copyrigght (C) 2009 John Wiley & Soils, Ltd. C1 [Pomeroy, John W.; Ellis, Chad] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada. [Marks, Danny] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Link, Tim] Univ Idaho, Coll Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Hardy, Janet] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Rowlands, Aled] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales. [Granger, Raoul] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. RP Pomeroy, JW (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada. EM john.pomeroy@usask.ca RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012; Pomeroy, John/A-8589-2013 OI Pomeroy, John/0000-0002-4782-7457 NR 33 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 31 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 17 BP 2513 EP 2525 DI 10.1002/hyp.7325 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 485EG UT WOS:000269103200010 ER PT J AU Winstral, A Marks, D Gurney, R AF Winstral, Adam Marks, Danny Gurney, Robert TI An efficient method for distributing wind speeds over heterogeneous terrain SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE wind; mountains; snow ID SEMIARID MOUNTAIN CATCHMENT; RAIN-ON-SNOW; COMPLEX TERRAIN; REYNOLDS CREEK; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; BLOWING SNOW; MODEL; BASIN; IDAHO AB High spatial variability of wind over mountain landscapes can create strong gradients in mass and in energy fluxes at the scale of tens of metres. Variable winds are often cited as the cause of high heterogeneity in snow distribution in non-forested mountain locations. Distributed models capable of capturing the variability in these fluxes require a time series of distributed wind data at a comparably fine spatial scale. Application of atmospheric and surface wind flow models in these regions has been limited by our ability to represent this complex process in a computationally efficient manner. Simplified models based on terrain and vegetation parameters are not as explicit as more complex, fluid-flow models, but are computationally efficient for real-time operational use. We developed and applied a simplified wind model based on analysis of upwind terrain to predict wind speeds across diverse topographies at three mountainous research locations. Each site was instrumented with a network of wind sensors to capture the full range of wind variability present. Differences in upwind topography were significantly related (p < 0.0001) to wind-speed differences between sites. Wind speeds at each sensor location were modelled from each of the other intra-site locations as if data from only one sensor were available. The wind model explained 69% of the observed variance with a mean absolute prediction error of 0-8 m/s, 19% of the observed wind mean. These results were very encouraging given the inherent complexity and profound variability of processes determining wind patterns in these systems. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Winstral, Adam; Marks, Danny] USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Gurney, Robert] Univ Reading, ESSC, Reading, Berks, England. RP Winstral, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM adam.winstral@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 17 BP 2526 EP 2535 DI 10.1002/hyp.7141 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 485EG UT WOS:000269103200011 ER PT J AU Medeiros, ES Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AP Orts, WJ Mattoso, LHC AF Medeiros, Eliton S. Glenn, Gregory M. Klamczynski, Artur P. Orts, William J. Mattoso, Luiz H. C. TI Solution Blow Spinning: A New Method to Produce Micro- and Nanofibers from Polymer Solutions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE solution blow spinning; electrospinning; melt spinning; nanofibers; microfibers; polymers ID FIBERS; SCAFFOLDS; MATRIX AB A solution blow spinning technique was developed using elements of both electrospinning and melt blowing technologies as an alternative method for making non-woven webs of micro- and nanofibers with diameters comparable with those made by the electrospinning process with the advantage of having a fiber production rate (measured by the polymer injection rate) several times higher. The diameters of fibers produced ranged from 40 nm for poly(lactic acid) to several micrometers for poly(methyl methacrylate). This solution blow spinning method uses a syringe pump to deliver a polymer solution to an apparatus consisting of concentric nozzles whereby the polymer solution is pumped through the inner nozzle while a constant, high velocity gas flow is sustained through the outer nozzle. Analysis of the process showed that pressure difference and shearing at the gas/solution interface jettisoned multiple strands of polymer solution towards a collector. During flight, the solvent component of the strands rapidly evaporates forming a web of micro and nanofibers. The effect of injection rate, gas flow pressure, polymer concentration, working distance, and protrusion distance of the inner nozzle was investigated. Polymer type and concentration had a greater effect on fiber diameter than the other parameters tested. Injection rate, gas flow pressure, and working distance affected fiber production rate and/or fiber morphology. Fibers were easily formed into yarns of micro- and nanofibers or non-woven films that could be applied directly onto biological tissue or collected in sheets on a rotating drum. Indeed, virtually any type of target could be used for fiber collection. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 2322-2330, 2009 C1 [Medeiros, Eliton S.; Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] Embrapa Instrumentacao Agropecuaria, Lab Nacl Nanotecnol Agronegocio, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Medeiros, Eliton S.; Glenn, Gregory M.; Klamczynski, Artur P.; Orts, William J.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Mattoso, LHC (reprint author), Embrapa Instrumentacao Agropecuaria, Lab Nacl Nanotecnol Agronegocio, R XV Novembro 1452, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM mattoso@cnpdia.embrapa.br RI Medeiros, Eliton/C-5768-2013; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 NR 33 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 14 U2 105 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 4 BP 2322 EP 2330 DI 10.1002/app.30275 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 457PU UT WOS:000266945300033 ER PT J AU Zhang, XS Srinivasan, R Bosch, D AF Zhang, Xuesong Srinivasan, Raghavan Bosch, David TI Calibration and uncertainty analysis of the SWAT model using Genetic Algorithms and Bayesian Model Averaging SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Optimization; Modeling; Basin; Uncertainty; SWAT ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; GOODNESS-OF-FIT; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; METROPOLIS ALGORITHM; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; CATCHMENT MODELS; CHAOHE BASIN; RIVER-BASIN AB In this paper, the Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) were used to simultaneously conduct calibration and uncertainty analysis for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), In this combined method, several SWAT models with different structures are first selected; next GA is used to calibrate each model using observed streamflow data; finally, BMA is applied to combine the ensemble predictions and provide uncertainty interval estimation. This method was tested in two contrasting basins, the Little River Experimental Basin in Georgia, USA, and the Yellow River Headwater Basin in China. The results obtained in the two case studies show that this combined method can provide deterministic predictions better than or comparable to the best calibrated model using GA. The 66.7% and 90% uncertainty intervals estimated by this method were analyzed. The differences between the percentage of coverage of observations and the corresponding expected coverage percentage are within 10% for both calibration and validation periods in these two test basins. This combined methodology provides a practical and flexible tool to attain reliable deterministic simulation and uncertainty analysis of SWAT. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zhang, Xuesong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Srinivasan, Raghavan] Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bosch, David] ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Zhang, XS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Xuesongzhang2004@gmail.com RI zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009; Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 60 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 374 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.023 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 494WU UT WOS:000269851000011 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, RG Senut, MC Zemke, D Min, JY Frenkel, MB Greenberg, EJ Yu, SW Ahn, N Goudreau, J Kassab, M Panickar, KS Majid, A AF Krishnamurthy, Rajanikant G. Senut, Marie-Claude Zemke, Daniel Min, Jiangyong Frenkel, Mark B. Greenberg, Eric J. Yu, Seong-Woon Ahn, Nick Goudreau, John Kassab, Mounzer Panickar, Kiran S. Majid, Arshad TI Asiatic Acid, a Pentacyclic Triterpene From Centella asiatica, Is Neuroprotective in a Mouse Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE infarct volume; blood-brain barrier; oxygen-glucose deprivation; mitochondria; apoptosis ID MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; CELL-DEATH; MICE; RATS; STROKE; ASTROCYTES; NEURONS; DAMAGE; RESPIRATION; DERIVATIVES AB Asiatic acid, a triterpenoid derivative from Centella asiatica, has shown biological effects such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and protection against glutamate- or beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of asiatic acid in a mouse model of permanent cerebral ischemia. Various doses of asiatic acid (30, 75, or 165 mg/kg) were administered orally at 1 hr pre- and 3, 10, and 20 hr postischemia, and infarct volume and behavioral deficits were evaluated at day 1 or 7 postischemia. IgG (blood-brain barrier integrity) and cytochrome c (apoptosis) immunostaining was carried out at 24 hr postischemia. The effect of asiatic acid on stress-induced cytochrome c release was examined in isolated mitochondrial fractions. Furthermore, its effects on cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were studied in HT-22 cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Asiatic acid significantly reduced the infarct volume by 60% at day 1 and by 26% at day 7 postischemia and improved neurological outcome at 24 hr postischemia. Our studies also showed that the neuroprotective properties of asiatic acid might be mediated in part through decreased blood-brain barrier permeability and reduction in mitochondrial injury. The present study suggests that asiatic acid may be useful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Yu, Seong-Woon; Ahn, Nick; Goudreau, John] Michigan State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Panickar, Kiran S.] USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Majid, A (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Neurol & Ophthalmol, Div Cerebrovasc Dis, Ctr Clin A 217, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM arshad.majid@ht.msu.edu RI tao, li/G-7956-2011 FU NIA NIH HHS [P30 AG028717, P30 AG028717-02] NR 38 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0360-4012 J9 J NEUROSCI RES JI J. Neurosci. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 87 IS 11 BP 2541 EP 2550 DI 10.1002/jnr.22071 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 472GJ UT WOS:000268118100013 PM 19382233 ER PT J AU van den Berg, AK Perkins, TD Isselhardt, ML Godshall, MA Lloyd, SW AF van den Berg, Abby K. Perkins, Timothy D. Isselhardt, Mark L. Godshall, Mary An Lloyd, Steven W. TI Air injection into concentrated maple sap during processing: impact on syrup composition and flavour SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE maple syrup; air injection; maple sap concentrate; reverse osmosis; sugar ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB BACKGROUND: Air injection (Al) is a relatively new process used during maple sap thermal processing to increase the profitability of maple syrup production by increasing the production of more economically valuable light-coloured syrup. The effects of applying this technology in conjunction with existing practices employed to increase the efficiency of maple production, such as reverse osmosis (RO), are unknown. The main objective of this work was to investigate the effects of Al on syrup chemical composition and flavour when applied to maple sap concentrated by RO. RESULTS: The chemical composition and flavour of syrup produced simultaneously with and without Al from a common source of maple sap concentrated by RO were compared. The chemical composition of maple syrup produced with Al was within ranges previously published for maple syrup. Syrup produced with All was significantly lighter in colour than syrup produced without All from the same sap concentrate (P < 0.001). Although syrup produced with Al contained fewer volatile flavour compounds and had a flavour distinguishable from that of syrup produced without Al from the same concentrated sap, the flavour properties of Al syrup were consistent with those of light-coloured maple syrup. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that Al can be used in conjunction with RO to effectively increase the economic efficiency of maple syrup production without detrimental impacts on maple syrup properties. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [van den Berg, Abby K.; Perkins, Timothy D.; Isselhardt, Mark L.] Univ Vermont, Proctor Maple Res Ctr, Underhill Ctr, VT 05490 USA. [Godshall, Mary An] Sugar Proc Res Inst Inc, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Lloyd, Steven W.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP van den Berg, AK (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Proctor Maple Res Ctr, POB 233, Underhill Ctr, VT 05490 USA. EM Abby.vandenBerg@uvm.edu RI van den Berg, Abby/N-1829-2013 FU United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-34157-16960] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA CSREES) grant 2006-34157-16960. The authors would like to thank Jack O'Wril, David Marvin and Stephen Wilbur for their assistance with this research. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 89 IS 10 BP 1770 EP 1774 DI 10.1002/jsfa.3654 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 470RN UT WOS:000267997500018 ER PT J AU Fernandes, AF Bian, QN Jiang, JK Thomas, CJ Taylor, A Pereira, P Shang, F AF Fernandes, Alexandre F. Bian, Qingning Jiang, Jian-Kang Thomas, Craig J. Taylor, Allen Pereira, Paulo Shang, Fu TI Proteasome Inactivation Promotes p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-dependent Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Activation and Increases Interleukin-8 Production in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES; HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR; MACULAR DEGENERATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROTEOLYTIC PATHWAY; CYTOKINE EXPRESSION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; KAPPA-B; UBIQUITIN AB Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. We have demonstrated previously that oxidative inactivation of the proteasome is a molecular link between oxidative stress and overexpression of interleukin (IL)-8. Here, we elucidated a novel signaling cascade that leads to up-regulation of IL-8 in response to proteasome inactivation. The sequence of events in this cascade includes proteasome inactivation, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK) 3/MKK6, activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation and increased IL-8 expression. Blocking any of these signaling pathways abolished the up-regulation of IL-8 induced by proteasome inhibition. Although Akt is also activated in response to proteasome inactivation, we found that the PI3K-dependent up-regulation of IL-8 is independent of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase (PDK)1 and Akt. Inhibition of PDK1 and Akt with chemical inhibitors or expression of constitutive active Akt had little effects on IL-8 expression in response to proteasome inactivation. In contrast, inhibition of interleukin 2-inducible T cell kinase, a kinase downstream of PI3K, significantly reduced the expression and secretion of IL-8 in response to proteasome inactivation. Together, these data elucidate a novel signaling network that leads to increased IL-8 production in response to proteasome inactivation. C1 [Fernandes, Alexandre F.; Bian, Qingning; Taylor, Allen; Shang, Fu] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Fernandes, Alexandre F.; Pereira, Paulo] Univ Coimbra, Ctr Ophthalmol, Inst Biomed Res Light & Image, Fac Med, P-3004548 Coimbra, Portugal. [Jiang, Jian-Kang; Thomas, Craig J.] NHGRI, Chem Genom Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM fu.shang@tufts.edu OI Fernandes, Alexandre/0000-0001-9489-6167; Pereira, Paulo/0000-0002-9908-2290 FU National Institutes of Health [EY11717, EY13250]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [PTDC/SAU-OSM/67498/2006, SFRH/BD/19039/2004]; USDA/Current Research Information System [1950-51000-060-02S]; Molecular Libraries Initiative of the National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Medical Research FX We thank Drs. Alex Toker and Jiahuai Han for providing the plasmids. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants EY11717 (to F.S.) and EY13250 (to A.T.); a grant from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, PTDC/SAU-OSM/67498/2006 (to P.P.); and USDA/Current Research Information System 1950-51000-060-02S (to A.T.) and by the Molecular Libraries Initiative of the National Institutes of Health Roadmap for Medical Research (to J.-K.J. and C.J.T.). A.F.F. is a recipient of a Fellowship from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/19039/2004). NR 69 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 20 IS 16 BP 3690 EP 3699 DI 10.1091/mbc.E08-10-1068 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 483TW UT WOS:000268992100008 PM 19570915 ER PT J AU MacKinnon, KM Burton, JL Zajac, AM Notter, DR AF MacKinnon, K. M. Burton, J. L. Zajac, A. M. Notter, D. R. TI Microarray analysis reveals difference in gene expression profiles of hair and wool sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Haemonchus contortus; Gene expression; Immune response; cDNA microarray; Parasite; Sheep ID HERMANSKY-PUDLAK-SYNDROME; ILE-DE-FRANCE; CDNA MICROARRAY; TH17 CELLS; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-COLUBRIFORMIS; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSES; INTEGRIN ALPHA-9-BETA-1; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTESTINAL LYMPH AB Sheep infected with the abomasal parasite, Haemonchus contortus, have reduced growth rates, decreased wool production, and anemia, and heavy infections may result in death. Anthelmintic treatment can remove worms, but the cost of treatment and prevalence of drug-resistant worms has led to greater focus on genetic resistance of the host to parasitism. Variation in parasite resistance exists within and among sheep breeds, and Caribbean hair sheep have greater resistance than most conventional wool breeds. Our objective was to investigate differences in gene expression between 24 parasite-resistant hair and 24 susceptible wool lambs to determine genetic mechanisms involved in resistance to H. contortus. Half of the animals of each breed were infected and sacrificed at 3 or 27 days post-infection; the remaining animals were uninfected controls. Breed differences in abomasum and abomasal lymph node tissue gene expression were assessed using bovine cDNA microarrays. Over 60 transcripts differed between breeds for each tissue and infection status. Genes differentially expressed between hair and wool sheep 3 days PI were assessed for gene function and mechanisms for greater immune cell infiltration, abomasal tissue repair, Th17 response, and anticoagulation were present in parasite-resistant hair sheep. By 27 days PI, hair sheep had greater expression of genes involved in gut motility, inflammatory cytokines, and cell proliferation and differentiation compared to wool sheep. Changes in these processes indicate Caribbean hair sheep have a stronger inflammatory response when infected with H. contortus which may facilitate the increased parasite resistance observed in these sheep. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [MacKinnon, K. M.; Notter, D. R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Burton, J. L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Zajac, A. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP MacKinnon, KM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM kmackinn@vt.edu NR 67 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 3-4 BP 210 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.02.013 PG 11 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 478UX UT WOS:000268615000006 PM 19346008 ER PT J AU Elliott, MK Alt, DP AF Elliott, Margaret K. Alt, David P. TI Bovine immune response to papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD)-associated spirochetes is skewed in isolate reactivity and subclass elicitation SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD); Treponema; Humoral response ID DAIRY-CATTLE; LESIONS; INFECTIONS; IGG2; HETEROGENEITY; PREVALENCE; TREPONEMES; ALLOTYPES; A1 AB Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) is a growing cause of lameness of dairy cattle worldwide. Farms with PDD-afflicted cows experience economic loss due to treatment costs, decreased milk production, lower reproductive efficiency and premature culling. Cows exhibit both humoral and cellular immune responses to PDD-associated spirochetes. This study was undertaken to further characterize the bovine humoral response to PDD-associated spirochetes. Forty-seven sera samples collected from cattle (Field cattle) on three different dairy operations in Iowa were analyzed. In addition, sera were obtained from six young steers (Test cattle) that received a mixed inoculum of four previously isolated Treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes (1A, 3& 4A and 5B) on two separate occasions. Relative levels of total IgG, IgG1, IgG2 and IgM reactive to each individual spirochete were determined. Field cattle had a higher mean antibody response to 5B compared to the other isolates and T phagedenis. Test cattle reacted most strongly with 4A following initial exposure, shifting to a greater reactivity with 5B and a reactivity profile similar to field cattle following secondary exposure. No measurable IgM was detected. IgG1 was produced predominately in all cattle. Low to moderate levels of total IgG reactivity to T phagedenis occurred with sera from all cattle. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Elliott, Margaret K.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Elliott, MK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 N Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM margaret.elliott@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 3-4 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.02.010 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 478UX UT WOS:000268615000012 PM 19297029 ER PT J AU Miller, PJ Kim, LM Ip, HS Afonso, CL AF Miller, Patti J. Kim, L. Mia Ip, Hon S. Afonso, Claudio L. TI Evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Newcastle disease virus; Evolution; Recombination; Selection; Virulence; APMV-1 ID CODON-SUBSTITUTION MODELS; DETECTING MOLECULAR ADAPTATION; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; AMINO-ACID SITES; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; LARGE PHYLOGENIES; MOSAIC STRUCTURE; RECOMBINATION; DNA AB A comprehensive dataset of NDV genome sequences was evaluated using bioinformatics to characterize the evolutionary forces affecting NDV genomes. Despite evidence of recombination in most genes, only one event in the fusion gene of genotype V viruses produced evolutionarily viable progenies. The codon-associated rate of change for the six NDV proteins revealed that the highest rate of change occurred at the fusion protein. All proteins were under strong purifying (negative) selection; the fusion protein displayed the highest number of amino acids under positive selection. Regardless of the phylogenetic grouping or the level of virulence, the cleavage site motif was highly conserved implying that mutations at this site that result in changes of virulence may not be favored. The coding sequence of the fusion gene and the genomes of viruses from wild birds displayed higher yearly rates of change in virulent viruses than in viruses of low virulence, suggesting that an increase in virulence may accelerate the rate of NDV evolution. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, Patti J.; Kim, L. Mia; Afonso, Claudio L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, SE Poultry Res Labs, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Ip, Hon S.] USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, SE Poultry Res Labs, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM claudio.afonso@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 391 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.033 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 482DA UT WOS:000268863000009 PM 19564032 ER PT J AU Mattei, J Parnell, LD Lai, CQ Garcia-Bailo, B Adiconis, X Shen, J Arnett, D Demissie, S Tucker, KL Ordovas, JM AF Mattei, Josiemer Parnell, Laurence D. Lai, Chao-Qiang Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana Adiconis, Xian Shen, Jian Arnett, Donna Demissie, Serkalem Tucker, Katherine L. Ordovas, Jose M. TI Disparities in allele frequencies and population differentiation for 101 disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms between Puerto Ricans and non-Hispanic whites SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE GENE; PRO12ALA POLYMORPHISM; COMMON DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; POSTPRANDIAL RESPONSE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; NATURAL-SELECTION; I POLYMORPHISM AB Background: Variations in gene allele frequencies can contribute to differences in the prevalence of some common complex diseases among populations. Natural selection modulates the balance in allele frequencies across populations. Population differentiation (F(ST)) can evidence environmental selection pressures. Such genetic information is limited in Puerto Ricans, the second largest Hispanic ethnic group in the US, and a group with high prevalence of chronic disease. We determined allele frequencies and population differentiation for 101 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 30 genes involved in major metabolic and disease-relevant pathways in Puerto Ricans (n = 969, ages 45-75 years) and compared them to similarly aged non-Hispanic whites (NHW) (n = 597). Results: Minor allele frequency (MAF) distributions for 45.5% of the SNPs assessed in Puerto Ricans were significantly different from those of NHW. Puerto Ricans carried risk alleles in higher frequency and protective alleles in lower frequency than NHW. Patterns of population differentiation showed that Puerto Ricans had SNPs with exceptional FST values in intronic, non-synonymous and promoter regions. NHW had exceptional FST values in intronic and promoter region SNPs only. Conclusion: These observations may serve to explain and broaden studies on the impact of gene polymorphisms on chronic diseases affecting Puerto Ricans. C1 [Mattei, Josiemer; Parnell, Laurence D.; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Shen, Jian; Tucker, Katherine L.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mattei, Josiemer; Tucker, Katherine L.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana] Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Adiconis, Xian] Broad Inst, Genome Biol & Cell Circuits Program, Cambridge, MA USA. [Arnett, Donna] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Demissie, Serkalem] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM josiemer.mattei@tufts.edu; Laurence.Parnell@ars.usda.gov; ChaoQiang.Lai@ars.usda.gov; bibiana.garcia.bailo@utoronto.ca; adiconis@broadinstitute.org; jian.shen@tufts.edu; arnett@uab.edu; demissie@bu.edu; katherine.tucker@tufts.edu; jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Mattei, Josiemer/H-1800-2016; OI Mattei, Josiemer/0000-0001-5424-8245; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, [P01AG023394, P01AG023394-S1, U 01 HL72524]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-9-001, 58-1950-7-707]; Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides [HL54776] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Grant Number P01AG023394 and P01AG023394-S1, by contract 53-K06-5-10 from NIH and 58-1950-9-001 and 58-1950-7-707 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service, and by NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute grant U 01 HL72524, Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides and HL54776. NR 80 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 45 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-10-45 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 490MJ UT WOS:000269504800001 PM 19682384 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, JA Nelson, RT Grant, D Schmutz, J Grimwood, J Cannon, S Vance, CP Graham, MA Shoemaker, RC AF O'Rourke, Jamie A. Nelson, Rex T. Grant, David Schmutz, Jeremy Grimwood, Jane Cannon, Steven Vance, Carroll P. Graham, Michelle A. Shoemaker, Randy C. TI Integrating microarray analysis and the soybean genome to understand the soybeans iron deficiency response SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-FEATURE POLYMORPHISM; LOCAL COEXPRESSION DOMAINS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; METABOLIC-RESPONSES; NEIGHBORING GENES; CHLOROSIS; STRESS; ROOTS; ORGANIZATION; NUTRITION AB Background: Soybeans grown in the upper Midwestern United States often suffer from iron deficiency chlorosis, which results in yield loss at the end of the season. To better understand the effect of iron availability on soybean yield, we identified genes in two near isogenic lines with changes in expression patterns when plants were grown in iron sufficient and iron deficient conditions. Results: Transcriptional profiles of soybean (Glycine max, L. Merr) near isogenic lines Clark (PI548553, iron efficient) and IsoClark (PI547430, iron inefficient) grown under Fe-sufficient and Fe-limited conditions were analyzed and compared using the Affymetrix (R) GeneChip (R) Soybean Genome Array. There were 835 candidate genes in the Clark (PI548553) genotype and 200 candidate genes in the IsoClark (PI547430) genotype putatively involved in soybean's iron stress response. Of these candidate genes, fifty-eight genes in the Clark genotype were identified with a genetic location within known iron efficiency QTL and 21 in the IsoClark genotype. The arrays also identified 170 single feature polymorphisms (SFPs) specific to either Clark or IsoClark. A sliding window analysis of the microarray data and the 7X genome assembly coupled with an iterative model of the data showed the candidate genes are clustered in the genome. An analysis of 5' untranslated regions in the promoter of candidate genes identified 11 conserved motifs in 248 differentially expressed genes, all from the Clark genotype, representing 129 clusters identified earlier, confirming the cluster analysis results. Conclusion: These analyses have identified the first genes with expression patterns that are affected by iron stress and are located within QTL specific to iron deficiency stress. The genetic location and promoter motif analysis results support the hypothesis that the differentially expressed genes are coregulated. The combined results of all analyses lead us to postulate iron inefficiency in soybean is a result of a mutation in a transcription factor(s), which controls the expression of genes required in inducing an iron stress response. C1 [Nelson, Rex T.; Grant, David; Cannon, Steven; Graham, Michelle A.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [O'Rourke, Jamie A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cellular Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Grant, David; Graham, Michelle A.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Schmutz, Jeremy; Grimwood, Jane] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Joint Genome Inst,Stanford Human Genome Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Vance, Carroll P.] Univ Minnesota, ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM utehawk@iastate.edu; rex.nelson@ars.usda.gov; dgrant@iastate.edu; jeremy@shgc.stanford.edu; jane@shgc.stanford.edu; steven.cannon@ars.usda.gov; carroll.vance@ars.usda.gov; michelle.graham@ars.usda.gov; randy.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov OI Grant, David/0000-0002-4611-6848 NR 50 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 376 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-376 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 490OZ UT WOS:000269511700002 PM 19678937 ER PT J AU Hoerr, SL Hughes, SO Fisher, JO Nicklas, TA Liu, Y Shewchuk, RM AF Hoerr, Sharon L. Hughes, Sheryl O. Fisher, Jennifer O. Nicklas, Theresa A. Liu, Yan Shewchuk, Richard M. TI Associations among parental feeding styles and children's food intake in families with limited incomes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT STATUS; RESTRICTING ACCESS; ENERGY DENSITY; OBESITY; ENVIRONMENT; OVERWEIGHT; CONTEXT; PRESCHOOL; PATTERNS; MOTHERS AB Background: Although general parenting styles and restrictive parental feeding practices have been associated with children's weight status, few studies have examined the association between feeding styles and proximal outcomes such as children's food intake, especially in multi-ethnic families with limited incomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of parental feeding styles and young children's evening food intake in a multiethnic sample of families in Head Start. Methods: Participants were 715 Head Start children and their parents from Texas and Alabama representing three ethnic groups: African-American (43%), Hispanic (29%), and White (28%). The Caregivers Feeding Styles Questionnaire (Hughes) was used to characterize authoritative, authoritarian (referent), indulgent or uninvolved feeding styles. Food intake in several food groups was calculated from 3 days of dietary recalls for the child for evening food intakes from 3 PM until bedtime. Results: Compared to children of authoritarian parents, intakes of fruits, juice and vegetables were lowest among children of indulgent or uninvolved parents (1.77 +/- 0.09 vs 1.45 +/- 0.09 and 1.42 +/- 0.11 cups) as were intakes of dairy foods (0.84 +/- 0.05 vs 0.67 +/- 0.05 and 0.63+0.06 cups), respectively. Conclusion: Findings suggest that permissive parent feeding styles like indulgent or uninvolved relate negatively to children's intake of nutrient-rich foods fruit, 100% fruit juice, vegetables and dairy foods from 3 PM until bedtime. C1 [Hoerr, Sharon L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hughes, Sheryl O.; Nicklas, Theresa A.; Liu, Yan] ARS, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, USDA,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Fisher, Jennifer O.] Temple Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Obes Res & Educ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Shewchuk, Richard M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Hlth Serv Adm, Birmingham, PA USA. RP Hoerr, SL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hoerrs@msu.edu; shughes@bcm.edu; jofisher@temple.edu; tnicklas@bcm.edu; yliu3@bcm.edu; shewchuk@uab.edu FU National Cancer Institute [R01 CA102671] FX The authors wish to thank Michelle Feese, Project Coordinators in Birmingham, Sandra Lopez, head interviewer and recruiter for the Hispanic participants, Frank Franklin the PI in Birmingham, AL. All were instrumental in the collection of data. We also extend a special thanks to the children and parents of Head Start who participated in the study. This work is a publication of the United States department of Agriculture (USDA\ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA.; This research was supported by funds from the National Cancer Institute (Grant R01 CA102671.) The first author was supported in part by the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 36 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1479-5868 J9 INT J BEHAV NUTR PHY JI Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 6 AR 55 DI 10.1186/1479-5868-6-55 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Physiology GA 502SY UT WOS:000270481700001 PM 19678947 ER PT J AU Rango, A Laliberte, A Herrick, JE Winters, C Havstad, K Steele, C Browning, D AF Rango, Albert Laliberte, Andrea Herrick, Jeffrey E. Winters, Craig Havstad, Kris Steele, Caiti Browning, Dawn TI Unmanned aerial vehicle-based remote sensing for rangeland assessment, monitoring, and management SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Small unmanned aerial vehicles; aerial photography; autonomous flight; rangeland applications; indicators ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; LANDSAT-TM; HEALTH; ENCROACHMENT; PHOTOGRAPHY; VEGETATION; JORNADA; COVER AB Rangeland comprises as much as 70% of the Earth's land surface area. Much of this vast space is in very remote areas that are expensive and often impossible to access on the ground. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have great potential for rangeland management. UAVs have several advantages over satellites and piloted aircraft: they can be deployed quickly and repeatedly; they are less costly and safer than piloted aircraft; they are flexible in terms of flying height and timing of missions; and they can obtain imagery at sub-decimeter resolution. This hyperspatial imagery allows for quantification of plant cover, composition, and structure at multiple spatial scales. Our experiments have shown that this capability, from an off-the-shelf mini-UAV, is directly applicable to operational agency needs for measuring and monitoring. For use by operational agencies to carry out their mandated responsibilities, various requirements must be met: an affordable and reliable platform; a capability for autonomous, low altitude flights; takeoff and landing in small areas surrounded by rugged terrain; and an easily applied data analysis methodology. A number of image processing and orthorectification challenges have been or are currently being addressed, but the potential to depict the land surface commensurate with field data perspectives across broader spatial extents is unrivaled. C1 [Rango, Albert; Herrick, Jeffrey E.; Havstad, Kris; Browning, Dawn] USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Laliberte, Andrea; Winters, Craig; Steele, Caiti] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Rango, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2995 Knox St, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM alrango@nmsu.edu; alaliber@nmsu.edu; jherrick@nmsu.edu; craigwin@nmsu.edu; khavstad@nmsu.edu; caiti@nmsu.edu; dbrownin@nmsu.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; National Science Foundation; Jornada Basin LTER V: Landscape Linkages in Arid and Semiarid Systems FX This research was funded by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research Program, Jornada Basin LTER V: Landscape Linkages in Arid and Semiarid Systems. The authors would also like to acknowledge the technical support of Ms. Bernice Gamboa and Ms. Valerie LaPlante. NR 39 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 7 U2 90 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033542 DI 10.1117/1.3216822 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520XT UT WOS:000271883600001 ER PT J AU Steenhard, NR Jungersen, G Kokotovic, B Beshah, E Dawson, HD Urban, JF Roepstorff, A Thamsborg, SM AF Steenhard, Nina R. Jungersen, Gregers Kokotovic, Branko Beshah, Ethiopia Dawson, Harry D. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Roepstorff, Allan Thamsborg, Stig M. TI Ascaris suum infection negatively affects the response to a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination and subsequent challenge infection in pigs SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Ascaris suum; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Vaccination; ELISA; Gene expression; Lung pathology; Co-infection ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; HELMINTH INFECTION; WORM POPULATION; LARVAE; SWINE; EXPRESSION; PARASITES; LUNGS; LUMBRICOIDES; EFFICACY AB Since their first introduction more than a century ago, vaccines have become one of the most cost-effective tools to prevent and manage infectious diseases inhuman and animal populations. It is vital to understand the possible mechanisms that may impair optimal vaccine efficacy. The hypothesis posed in this study was that a concurrent Ascaris suum infection of pigs vaccinated with a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh) vaccine would modulate the protective immune response to a subsequent challenge infection. Four groups of pigs were either (1) untreated (group C), (2) vaccinated against Mh 3 weeks after the start of the study (group V), (3) given a trickle infection with A. suum throughout the study (group A), or (4) given a trickle infection with A. suum and vaccinated against Mh (group AV). All pigs were subsequently inoculated with live Mh bacteria 4 weeks after the Mh vaccination and necropsied after another 4 weeks. All pigs in group V sero-converted 3 weeks after vaccination (100%), as opposed to only 33% of group AV pigs that were Mh-vaccinated and given A. suum. At the end of the study, only 78% of pigs in group AV had sero-converted. Pigs in group AV had a higher mean percentage of lung pathology and the variation was significantly higher in these pigs compared to pigs in group V. The pattern of gene expression in the lungs and draining lymph nodes indicated a local Th2-skewed response induced by A. suum. Our study indicated that A. suum significantly compromised the effect of Mh vaccination. The impact of reduced vaccine efficacy caused by a common gastrointestinal helminth emphasises the importance of parasite control. More focus should be put into this area of research to outline the practical consequences of this interaction, and to be able to predict, prevent and correct negative interactions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Steenhard, Nina R.; Roepstorff, Allan; Thamsborg, Stig M.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Parasitol Hlth & Dev, Inst Vet Dis Biol, Fac Life Sci, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Jungersen, Gregers; Kokotovic, Branko] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Vet Inst, DK-1790 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Beshah, Ethiopia; Dawson, Harry D.; Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Steenhard, NR (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Parasitol Hlth & Dev, Inst Vet Dis Biol, Fac Life Sci, 100 Dyrlaegevej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM nsteenhard@hotmail.com RI Jungersen, Gregers/C-3940-2011; Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013; OI Jungersen, Gregers/0000-0003-3147-6960; Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU USDA/ARS [Cris 1265-32000-087-OOD] FX This study was founded by the Danish Research Council for Technology and Production Sciences, with partial support from the USDA/ARS Cris 1265-32000-087-OOD. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 37 BP 5161 EP 5169 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.075 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 485ED UT WOS:000269102800019 PM 19524617 ER PT J AU Sirk, TW Brown, EF Friedman, M Sum, AK AF Sirk, Timothy W. Brown, Eugene F. Friedman, Mendel Sum, Amadeu K. TI Molecular Binding of Catechins to Biomembranes: Relationship to Biological Activity SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Catechin; flavonoid; lipid bilayer; membrane ID GREEN TEA CATECHINS; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; LIPID-BILAYERS; (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; MEMBRANE-FLUIDITY; HEPG2 CELLS; OOLONG TEA; BLACK TEA AB Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the interactions of four green tea catechin compounds with lipid bilayers. Reported studies have shown that catechins are linked to beneficial health effects, specifically those related to interactions with the cell membrane. To better understand the molecular interaction of catechins with membranes, simulations were carried out of interactions of four catechin molecules [epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)] with a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) lipid bilayer. The simulations show that catechins possess a strong affinity for the lipid bilayer. Some are absorbed into the bilayer. The molecular structure and aggregated condition of the catechins significantly influences their absorption, as well as their ability to form hydrogen bonds with the lipid headgroups. Insight into these molecular interactions helps to distinguish the structure-function relationship of the catechins with lipid bilayers and provides a foundation for a better understanding of the role of catechins in biological processes. C1 [Sum, Amadeu K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sirk, Timothy W.; Brown, Eugene F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Sum, AK (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM asum@mines.edu RI Sum, Amadeu/B-1103-2009; OI Sum, Amadeu/0000-0003-1903-4537; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 53 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 15 BP 6720 EP 6728 DI 10.1021/jf900951w PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 477RW UT WOS:000268537300034 PM 19572638 ER PT J AU Guan, L Seib, PA Graybosch, RA Bean, S Shi, YC AF Guan, Lan Seib, Paul A. Graybosch, Robert A. Bean, Scott Shi, Yong-Cheng TI Dough Rheology and Wet Milling of Hard Waxy Wheat Flours SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE waxy wheat; wheat flour; dough rheology; mixography; wet milling; starch ID STARCH; NOODLES; PROTEINS; ALLELES; GLUTEN; BREAD; WHITE; LINES AB To realize the full potential of waxy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the wet milling properties of waxy wheat flours including their dough-mixing properties were investigated. Flours of six waxy hard wheats, one normal hard wheat ('Karl 92'), and one partial waxy hard wheat ('Trego') were fractionated by the dough-washing (Martin) process, and the yields and recoveries of starch and gluten were compared. When waxy and normal wheat starches each were blended with a wheat gluten to give a mixture containing 14.5% protein, they gave very different mixograms even though the protein was the same in those blends. Waxy wheat starch absorbed more water than normal wheat starch, which apparently retarded hydration of gluten and dough development. Higher water content had to be used for some waxy wheat flours to develop optimum dough. Washing waxy wheat flour dough under a stream of water caused dough to become slack, spread out more on the sieve, and break apart into several pieces, which when thoroughly washed, coalesced into an elastic dough like the controls. By mixing a weak dough with 2% NaCl solution or by adding hemicellulase, stickiness of the dough subsided during the washing step and thereby improved the recovery of the gluten and starch fractions. C1 [Guan, Lan; Seib, Paul A.; Shi, Yong-Cheng] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Graybosch, Robert A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Bean, Scott] ARS, USDA, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Shi, YC (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM ycshi@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 FU Kansas Agricultural Experimental Station [09-178-J]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2008-34328-19146,] FX We thank the Kansas Agricultural Experimental Station and the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, special research grant number 2008-34328-19146, for support; and Ying Sun and S. K. Garimella Purna for statistical analysis. Contribution No. 09-178-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 15 BP 7030 EP 7038 DI 10.1021/jf900438v PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 477RW UT WOS:000268537300075 PM 19594158 ER PT J AU Xu, ZL Shen, YD Beier, RC Yang, JY Lei, HT Wang, H Sun, YM AF Xu, Zhen-Lin Shen, Yu-Dong Beier, Ross C. Yang, Jin-Yi Lei, Hong-Tao Wang, Hong Sun, Yuan-Ming TI Application of computer-assisted molecular modeling for immunoassay of low molecular weight food contaminants: A review SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE Food contaminants; Hapten design; Immunoassay; Molecular modeling ID INDIRECT COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; CROSS-REACTIVE COMPOUNDS; IGE ANTIBODY-PRODUCTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HAPTEN DESIGN; SULFONAMIDE ANTIBIOTICS; IMMUNOCHEMICAL DETERMINATION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES AB Immunoassay for low molecular weight food contaminants, such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, and mycotoxins is now a well-established technique which meets the demand for a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective analytical method. However, due to limited understanding of the molecular structure of antibody binding sites and antigenic epitopes, as well as the intermolecular binding forces that come into play, the traditional 'trial and error' method used to develop antibodies still remains the method of choice. Therefore, development of enhanced immunochemical techniques for specific- and generic-assays, requires new approaches for antibody design that will improve affinity and specificity of the antibody in a more rapid and economic manner. Computer-assisted molecular modeling (CAMM) has been demonstrated to be a useful tool to help the immunochemist develop immunoassays. CAMM methods can be used to help direct improvements to important antibody features, and can provide insights into the effects of molecular structure on biological activity that are difficult or impossible to obtain in any other way. In this review, we briefly summarize applications of CAMM in immunoassay development, including assisting in hapten design, explaining cross-reactivity, modeling antibody-antigen interactions, and providing insights into the effects of the mouse body temperature on the three-dimensional conformation of a hapten during antibody production. The fundamentals and theory, programs and software, limitations, and prospects of CAMM in immunoassay development were also discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Zhen-Lin; Shen, Yu-Dong; Lei, Hong-Tao; Wang, Hong; Sun, Yuan-Ming] S China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Xu, Zhen-Lin; Shen, Yu-Dong; Yang, Jin-Yi; Lei, Hong-Tao; Wang, Hong; Sun, Yuan-Ming] Key Lab Food Qual & Safety Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Beier, Ross C.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Sun, YM (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci, Wushan Rd, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM ymsun@scau.edu.cn RI Lei, Hongtao/F-8618-2011; Lei, Hongtao/A-2532-2014 FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2006AA10Z44, 2007AA10Z437, 2006BAD27B02-05]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30700663, 20877029]; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [06300421] FX This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006AA10Z44, 2007AA10Z437 and 2006BAD27B02-05), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30700663 and 20877029) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (06300421). Permission was received from publishers for use of the figures in this work. NR 95 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 647 IS 2 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.003 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 475IX UT WOS:000268352900001 PM 19591697 ER PT J AU Ai, M Otokozawa, S Schaefer, EJ Asztalos, BF Nakajima, K Shrader, P Kathiresan, S Meigs, JB Williams, G Nathan, DM AF Ai, Masumi Otokozawa, Seiko Schaefer, Ernst J. Asztalos, Bela F. Nakajima, Katsuyuki Shrader, Peter Kathiresan, Sekar Meigs, James B. Williams, Gordon Nathan, David M. TI Glycated albumin and direct low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Glycated albumin; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Type 2 diabetes ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN; ATORVASTATIN; SERUM; SIMVASTATIN; PROGRAM; STATINS; PLASMA AB Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CND), renal failure, retinopathy. and neuropathy. Lowering glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as well as low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) has been associated with a decreased risk of these complications. We evaluated the utility of glycated albumin (GA) and direct LDL-C, 2 novel assay, as compared to HbA1c and calculated LDL-C, in evaluating diabetes control and lipid in a heterogeneous population and in specific subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: We obtained fasting blood samples and measured HbA1c, GA, and direct LDL-C, as well as other parameters, in a multi-ethnic population of 616 male and female patients with type 2 diabetes and 895 nondiabetic controls. Results: HbA1c and GA levels, which measure different periods of glycemia, had a correlation of r = 0.70 (p < 0.001), and mean values in patients were 38.7% and 43.4% higher, respectively, than controls in men, and 41.1% and 40.1% higher, respectively, than controls, in women (both p < 0.001). Calculated and direct LDL-C values correlated very highly (r = 0.96, p < 0.001). The correlations between HbA1c and GA, and between calculated and direct LDL-C were similar for subgroups defined by gender, race, age, and other factors. Conclusions: Calculated LDL-C provides an accurate assessment of fasting LDL-C compared with a direct measurement in most subjects, except for those with hypertriglyceridemia, and GA correlates with HbA1c in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects and may serve as a reasonable marker of short term diabetic control. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ai, Masumi; Otokozawa, Seiko; Schaefer, Ernst J.; Asztalos, Bela F.; Nakajima, Katsuyuki] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ai, Masumi; Otokozawa, Seiko; Schaefer, Ernst J.; Asztalos, Bela F.; Nakajima, Katsuyuki] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Shrader, Peter; Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Shrader, Peter; Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Kathiresan, Sekar; Nathan, David M.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Diabet, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Williams, Gordon] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kathiresan, Sekar; Meigs, James B.; Williams, Gordon; Nathan, David M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Ernst.schaefer@tufts.edu FU Denka-Seiken Corporation; Kyowa-Medex Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; US Department of Agriculture [53-1950-5-003]; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD [HL 74753, HL 60935, PO50HL083813]; American Diabetes Association Career Development Award, Arlington, VA; Ida Charlton Family Trust; Roche Diagnostics Inc, Nutley, NJ FX Dr. Ai and Ms. Otokozawa were supported by research fellowships from the Denka-Seiken Corporation, and the Kyowa-Medex Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, respectively. Dr. Nakajima is a Distinguished Visiting Scientist at Tufts University. Dr. Schaefer is supported by contract 53-1950-5-003 from the US Department of Agriculture, and grants HL 74753 and HL 60935 and project PO50HL083813 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Dr. Meigs is supported by an American Diabetes Association Career Development Award, Arlington, VA. Dr. Nathan is supported in part by the Ida Charlton Family Trust. The sampling of study subjects was supported in part through a contract with Roche Diagnostics Inc, Nutley, NJ. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 406 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2009.05.015 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 482XM UT WOS:000268923900015 PM 19465013 ER PT J AU Degenhardt, J Hiltpold, I Kollner, TG Frey, M Gierl, A Gershenzon, J Hibbard, BE Ellersieck, MR Turlings, TCJ AF Degenhardt, Joerg Hiltpold, Ivan Koellner, Tobias G. Frey, Monika Gierl, Alfons Gershenzon, Jonathan Hibbard, Bruce E. Ellersieck, Mark R. Turlings, Ted C. J. TI Restoring a maize root signal that attracts insect-killing nematodes to control a major pest SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE tritrophic interaction; biological control; transgenic crops; Zea mays; entomopathogenic nematodes ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE RHABDITIDA; INDUCED PLANT ODORS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; UBIQUITIN PROMOTER; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; INDIRECT DEFENSE; HERBIVORES AB When attacked by herbivorous insects, plants emit volatile compounds that attract natural enemies of the insects. It has been proposed that these volatile signals can be manipulated to improve crop protection. Here, we demonstrate the full potential of this strategy by restoring the emission of a specific below ground signal emitted by insect-damaged maize roots. The western corn root-worm induces the roots of many maize varieties to emit (E)-beta-caryophyllene, which attracts entomopathogenic nematodes that infect and kill the voracious root pest. However, most North American maize varieties have lost the ability to emit (E)-beta-caryophyllene and may therefore receive little protection from the nematodes. To restore the signal, a nonemitting maize line was transformed with a (E)-beta-caryophyllene synthase gene from oregano, resulting in constitutive emissions of this sesquiterpene. In root-worm-infested field plots in which nematodes were released, the (E)-beta-caryophyllene-emitting plants suffered significantly less root damage and had 60% fewer adult beetles emerge than untransformed, nonemitting lines. This demonstration that plant volatile emissions can be manipulated to enhance the effectiveness of biological control agents opens the way for novel and ecologically sound strategies to fight a variety of insect pests. C1 [Hiltpold, Ivan; Turlings, Ted C. J.] Univ Neuchatel, Inst Biol Fundamental & Appl Res Chem Ecol, CH-2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Degenhardt, Joerg; Koellner, Tobias G.; Gershenzon, Jonathan] Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Frey, Monika; Gierl, Alfons] Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Genet, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Turlings, TCJ (reprint author), Univ Neuchatel, Inst Biol Fundamental & Appl Res Chem Ecol, Case Postale 158, CH-2009 Neuchatel, Switzerland. EM ted.turlings@unine.ch RI Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; Gershenzon, Jonathan/K-1331-2013; Kollner, Tobias/H-3375-2014; Hiltpold, Ivan/D-1666-2016 OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X; Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Gershenzon, Jonathan/0000-0002-1812-1551; Kollner, Tobias/0000-0002-7037-904X; Hiltpold, Ivan/0000-0001-6374-6684 FU Swiss National Center of Competence in Research Plant Survival; German National Science Foundation; Max-Planck Society FX We are grateful to the U.S. Department of Agriculture field crew assistance during the field experiment and especially to Julie Barry for her help and advice. We thank Neil Villard for his valuable technical assistance with laboratory experiments and analyses. This work was supported by the Swiss National Center of Competence in Research Plant Survival, the German National Science Foundation (SFB648), and the Max-Planck Society. NR 51 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 7 U2 87 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 32 BP 13213 EP 13218 DI 10.1073/pnas.0906365106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 482IA UT WOS:000268877300015 PM 19666594 ER PT J AU Fu, JX Park, B Zhao, YP AF Fu, Junxue Park, Bosoon Zhao, Yiping TI Nanorod-mediated surface plasmon resonance sensor based on effective medium theory SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC METALLIC NANOWIRES; NUCLEIC-ACID SENSOR; SENSITIVITY ENHANCEMENT; SPR SENSOR; LABEL-FREE; BIOSENSORS; FILMS; SILVER; ARRAYS; TRANSMITTANCE AB We investigate a nanorod-mediated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for sensitivity enhancement. The theoretical model containing an anisotropic layer of nanorod is investigated using four-layer Fresnel equations and the effective medium theory. The properties of the nanorod-mediated SPR curves versus the metal thin film thickness d(f), length l, and diameter D of the nanorod are studied in the environment with refractive indices of 1.00 and 1.33. Compared to the conventional thin metal film SPR configuration, the nanorod-mediated SPR sensor presents a larger resonance angle shift and the sensitivity increases with increasing refractive index of the target analyte. Besides the theoretical analysis, we fabricate different Ag nanorod array/Ag film substrates by oblique angle deposition and characterize their SPR responses using a laboratory-made SPR setup in air and in deionized (DI) water. Compared with the Ag film sample, the SPR angles observed for Ag nanorods/Ag film samples shift to larger angles in air (for shorter nanorods), while it is hard to observe the SPR angle in DI water, which is qualitatively consistent with theoretical results. We believe that the nanorod-mediated SPR sensor is able to improve the sensitivity and the theoretical discussion is helpful for sensor fabrication. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Fu, Junxue; Zhao, Yiping] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Park, Bosoon] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Fu, JX (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fujunxue@physast.uga.edu RI Zhao, Yiping/A-4968-2008 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECS-070178]; Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI) [58-6612-6-089F] FX This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under contract ECS-070178 and the Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI) under Agriculture Research Service (ARS) agreement 58-6612-6-089F. The authors thank Justin Abell for proofreading the manuscript. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 23 BP 4637 EP 4649 DI 10.1364/AO.48.004637 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 491ZY UT WOS:000269624300014 PM 19668278 ER PT J AU Liu, ZL Palmquist, DE Ma, MG Liu, JB Alexander, NJ AF Liu, Z. Lewis Palmquist, Debra E. Ma, Menggen Liu, Jiangbo Alexander, Nancy J. TI Application of a master equation for quantitative mRNA analysis using qRT-PCR SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Data acquisition; Normalization; PCR amplification efficiency; Quality control ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; GENE-EXPRESSION; ETHANOLOGENIC YEAST; NORMALIZATION; ADAPTATION AB The qRT-PCR has been widely accepted as the assay of choice for mRNA quantification. For conventional practice, housekeeping genes have been applied as internal reference for data normalization and analysis since the technology appeared. However, housekeeping genes vary under different conditions and environmental stimuli and no commonly accepted housekeeping gene references are available. Accurate data acquisition and data reproducibility remain challenging and it is difficult to compare results from different experimental sources. Using yeast and a Fusarium fungus as examples,we demonstrate the independent performance of a sole reference gene, CAB, designated as a constant manual threshold for data acquisition, normalization, and analysis for multiple plate reactions. A robust master equation based on the CAB reference and the set of calibration control genes thereafter was established to estimate mRNA abundance for the same RNA background reactions. A valid range of amplification efficiency between 95% and 100% was observed for the control genes in different RNA background applied on an ABI real time PCR 7500 system. This newly developed robust quality control system provides a reliable means for absolute quantification of mRNA using the qRT-PCR, simplifies the conventional qRT-PCR procedures, and increases data reliability, reproducibility, and throughput of the assay. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Z. Lewis; Ma, Menggen; Alexander, Nancy J.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Palmquist, Debra E.] USDA ARS, Mid W Area, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Liu, Jiangbo] Bradley Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Info Syst, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. RP Liu, ZL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM ZLewis.Liu@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35504-17359] FX We are grateful to S. A. Weber and J. Blackburn for technical assistance. This work was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2006-35504-17359. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 143 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.06.006 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 487KB UT WOS:000269271200002 PM 19539678 ER PT J AU Smith, JD Greenlee, JJ Hamir, AN Greenlee, MHW AF Smith, J. D. Greenlee, J. J. Hamir, A. N. Greenlee, M. H. West TI Altered electroretinogram b-wave in a Suffolk sheep experimentally infected with scrapie SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; PRION PROTEIN; NATURAL SCRAPIE; CELL-TYPES; MULE DEER; RETINA; ACCUMULATION; BRAIN C1 [Greenlee, M. H. West] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Smith, J. D.; Greenlee, J. J.; Hamir, A. N.] USDA ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Greenlee, MHW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mheather@iastate.edu FU Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture [58-3625-114] FX The authors thank L. Mandell, M. Church and J. Lesan for technical assistance. This work was supported in part by Specific Cooperative Agreement number 58-3625-114 with the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 EI 2042-7670 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD AUG 8 PY 2009 VL 165 IS 6 BP 179 EP 181 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 483SH UT WOS:000268987700016 PM 19666917 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, F Wu, FN Ane, C Tanksley, S Spooner, DM AF Rodriguez, Flor Wu, Feinan Ane, Cecile Tanksley, Steve Spooner, David M. TI Do potatoes and tomatoes have a single evolutionary history, and what proportion of the genome supports this history? SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION; BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; L. SECTION LYCOPERSICON; WILD POTATOES; COMBINING DATA; SERIES RELATIONSHIPS; MILL. WETTST.; SOLANUM; PETOTA; SOLANACEAE AB Background: Phylogenies reconstructed with only one or a few independently inherited loci may be unresolved or incongruent due to taxon and gene sampling, horizontal gene transfer, or differential selection and lineage sorting at individual loci. In an effort to remedy this situation, we examined the utility of conserved orthologous set (COSII) nuclear loci to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among 29 diploid Solanum species in the sister clades that include tomato and potato, and in Datura inoxia as a far outgroup. We screened 40 COSII markers with intron content over 60% that are mapped in different chromosomes; selected a subset of 19 by the presence of single band amplification of size mostly between 600 and 1200 bp; sequenced these 19 COSII markers, and performed phylogenetic analyses with individual and concatenated datasets. The present study attempts to provide a fully resolved phylogeny among the main clades in potato and tomato that can help to identify the appropriate markers for future studies using additional species. Results: Among potatoes, when total evidence is invoked, one single predominant history is highlighted with complete resolution within and among the three main clades. It also supports the hypothesis of the North and Central American B-genome origin of the tuber-bearing members of Solanum sect. Petota and shows a clear division between A genomes in clades 3 and 4, and B genomes in clade 1+2. On the other hand, when a prior agreement approach is invoked other potato evolutionary histories are revealed but with less support. These alternative histories could be explained by past hybridization, or fast rates of speciation. In the case of tomato, the analyses with all sequence data completely resolved 19 of 21 clades, for the first time revealed the monophyly of five clades, and gave further support for the recent segregation of new species from the former Solanum peruvianum. Concordance analyses revealed and summarized the extensive discordance among COSII markers. Some potential reasons for discordance could be methodological, to include systematic errors due to using a wrong model of sequence evolution, coupled with long branches, or mixtures of branch lengths within COSII, or undetected paralogy or alignment bias. Other reasons could be biological processes such as hybridization or lineage sorting. Conclusion: This study confirms and quantifies the utility of using DNA sequences from different parts of the genome in phylogenetic studies to avoid possible bias in the sampling. It shows that 11-18 loci are enough to get the dominant history in this group of Solanum, but more loci would be needed to discern the distribution of gene genealogies in more depth, and thus detect which mechanism most likely shaped the discordance. C1 [Rodriguez, Flor; Spooner, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wu, Feinan; Tanksley, Steve] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ane, Cecile] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM fdrodriguez@wisc.edu; fw38@cornell.edu; ane@wisc.edu; sdt4@cornell.edu; david.spooner@ars.usda.gov OI Ane, Cecile/0000-0002-4702-8217 FU USDA; NSF [DEB 0316614]; USDA National Research Initiative [2008-35300-18669] FX This paper represents partial fulfillment of a PhD Degree for FR in Plant Breeding and Plant Genetics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We thank Ph.D. committee members Dennis Halterman, Shelley Jansky, and Kenneth Sytsma; and also David Baum for advice and review, and the staff of the US Potato Genebank and the C. M. Rick Tomato Genetics Resource Center for germplasm. This research was supported by the USDA and by NSF DEB 0316614 and USDA National Research Initiative Grant 2008-35300-18669 to David Spooner. NR 60 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 27 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 191 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-9-191 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 490CC UT WOS:000269473700001 PM 19664206 ER PT J AU Yu, QY Tong, E Skelton, RL Bowers, JE Jones, MR Murray, JE Hou, SB Guan, PZ Acob, RA Luo, MC Moore, PH Alam, M Paterson, AH Ming, R AF Yu, Qingyi Tong, Eric Skelton, Rachel L. Bowers, John E. Jones, Meghan R. Murray, Jan E. Hou, Shaobin Guan, Peizhu Acob, Ricelle A. Luo, Ming-Cheng Moore, Paul H. Alam, Maqsudul Paterson, Andrew H. Ming, Ray TI A physical map of the papaya genome with integrated genetic map and genome sequence SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID PRIMITIVE Y-CHROMOSOME; MALE-SPECIFIC REGION; PERICENTROMERIC HETEROCHROMATIN; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEX DETERMINATION; RINGSPOT VIRUS; RECOMBINATION; BAC; REVEALS AB Background: Papaya is a major fruit crop in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide and has primitive sex chromosomes controlling sex determination in this trioecious species. The papaya genome was recently sequenced because of its agricultural importance, unique biological features, and successful application of transgenic papaya for resistance to papaya ringspot virus. As a part of the genome sequencing project, we constructed a BAC-based physical map using a high information-content fingerprinting approach to assist whole genome shotgun sequence assembly. Results: The physical map consists of 963 contigs, representing 9.4x genome equivalents, and was integrated with the genetic map and genome sequence using BAC end sequences and a sequence-tagged high-density genetic map. The estimated genome coverage of the physical map is about 95.8%, while 72.4% of the genome was aligned to the genetic map. A total of 1,181 high quality overgo (overlapping oligonucleotide) probes representing conserved sequences in Arabidopsis and genetically mapped loci in Brassica were anchored on the physical map, which provides a foundation for comparative genomics in the Brassicales. The integrated genetic and physical map aligned with the genome sequence revealed recombination hotspots as well as regions suppressed for recombination across the genome, particularly on the recently evolved sex chromosomes. Suppression of recombination spread to the adjacent region of the male specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY), and recombination rates were recovered gradually and then exceeded the genome average. Recombination hotspots were observed at about 10 Mb away on both sides of the MSY, showing 7-fold increase compared with the genome wide average, demonstrating the dynamics of recombination of the sex chromosomes. Conclusion: A BAC-based physical map of papaya was constructed and integrated with the genetic map and genome sequence. The integrated map facilitated the draft genome assembly, and is a valuable resource for comparative genomics and map-based cloning of agronomically and economically important genes and for sex chromosome research. C1 [Yu, Qingyi; Tong, Eric; Skelton, Rachel L.; Jones, Meghan R.; Murray, Jan E.; Ming, Ray] Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Cellular & Mol Biol Res Unit, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Skelton, Rachel L.; Paterson, Andrew H.] Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Murray, Jan E.; Ming, Ray] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hou, Shaobin; Alam, Maqsudul] Univ Hawaii, Ctr Adv Studies Genom Prote & Bioinformat, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Guan, Peizhu; Acob, Ricelle A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Luo, Ming-Cheng] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Moore, Paul H.] USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Cellular & Mol Biol Res Unit, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM qyu@ag.tamu.edu; etong@harc-hspa.com; rachelostroff@yahoo.com; jebowera@uga.edu; meghanrjones@gmail.com; jmurray@life.uiuc.edu; shaobin@hawaii.edu; peizhu@hawaii.edu; richelle@hawaii.edu; mcluo@ucdavis.edu; PMoore@harc-hspa.com; alam@hawaii.edu; paterson@dogwood.botany.uga.edu; rming@life.uiuc.edu RI Bowers, John/B-9245-2009; Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; OI Hou, Shaobin/0000-0003-3467-8242 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services Cooperative Agreement [CA 58-3020-8-134] FX We thank Farrell MacKenzie for technical assistance in BAC DNA isolation and fingerprinting and Ratnesh Singh for computer program support. This project was support by a US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services Cooperative Agreement (CA 58-3020-8-134) with the Hawaii Agriculture Research Center. NR 52 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 371 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-371 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 501PE UT WOS:000270393000001 PM 19664231 ER PT J AU Whitcomb, EA Taylor, A AF Whitcomb, Elizabeth A. Taylor, Allen TI Ubiquitin control of S phase: a new role for the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, UbcH7 SO CELL DIVISION LA English DT Article ID ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX; DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; PROTEIN LIGASE; CELL-CYCLE; E3 LIGASE; PROTEASOME PATHWAY; FANCONI-ANEMIA; DEGRADATION; PROTEOLYSIS; BRCA1 AB Events within and transitions between the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle are tightly controlled by transcriptional and post-translational processes. Prominent among them is a profound role for the ubiquitin proteasome proteolytic pathway. The timely degradation of proteins balances the increases in gene products dictated by changes in transcription. Of the dozens of ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, or E2s, functions in control of the cell cycle have been defined for only UbcH10 and Ubc3/Cdc34. Each of these E2s works primarily with one ubiquitin ligase or E3. Here we show that another E2, UbcH7 is a regulator of S phase of the cell cycle. Over-expression of UbcH7 delays entry into S phase whereas depletion of UbcH7 increases the length of S phase and decreases cell proliferation. Additionally, the level of the checkpoint kinase Chk1 increases upon UbcH7 depletion while the level of phosphorylated PTEN decreases. Taken together, these data indicate that the length of S phase is controlled in part by UbcH7 through a PTEN/Akt/Chk1 pathway. Potential mechanisms by which UbcH7 controls Chk1 levels both directly and indirectly, as well as the length of S phase are discussed and additional functions for UbcH7 are reviewed. C1 [Whitcomb, Elizabeth A.; Taylor, Allen] Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Whitcomb, EA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM elizabeth.whitcomb@tufts.edu; allen.taylor@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health [EY13250]; USDA [581950-5100-060-01A]; Johnson and Johnson; American Health Assistance Award FX Financial support was received from National Institutes of Health Grant EY13250, USDA Grant 581950-5100-060-01A, the Johnson and Johnson Focused Giving Award, and the American Health Assistance Award. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1747-1028 J9 CELL DIV JI Cell Div. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 4 AR 17 DI 10.1186/1747-1028-4-17 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 674WT UT WOS:000283781900001 PM 19664228 ER PT J AU Sanchez, PA Ahamed, S Carre, F Hartemink, AE Hempel, J Huising, J Lagacherie, P McBratney, AB McKenzie, NJ Mendonca-Santos, MD Minasny, B Montanarella, L Okoth, P Palm, CA Sachs, JD Shepherd, KD Vagen, TG Vanlauwe, B Walsh, MG Winowiecki, LA Zhang, GL AF Sanchez, Pedro A. Ahamed, Sonya Carre, Florence Hartemink, Alfred E. Hempel, Jonathan Huising, Jeroen Lagacherie, Philippe McBratney, Alex B. McKenzie, Neil J. Mendonca-Santos, Maria de Lourdes Minasny, Budiman Montanarella, Luca Okoth, Peter Palm, Cheryl A. Sachs, Jeffrey D. Shepherd, Keith D. Vagen, Tor-Gunnar Vanlauwe, Bernard Walsh, Markus G. Winowiecki, Leigh A. Zhang, Gan-Lin TI Digital Soil Map of the World SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLASSIFICATION C1 [Sanchez, Pedro A.; Ahamed, Sonya; Palm, Cheryl A.; Sachs, Jeffrey D.; Walsh, Markus G.; Winowiecki, Leigh A.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Carre, Florence; Montanarella, Luca] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Hartemink, Alfred E.] ISRIC World Soil Informat, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, Netherlands. [Hempel, Jonathan] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. [Huising, Jeroen; Okoth, Peter; Vanlauwe, Bernard] Ctr Int Agr Trop, Trop Soil Biol & Fertil Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. [Lagacherie, Philippe] INRA, Inst Rech Dev, Lab Etud Interact Sols Agrosyst Hydrosyst, F-34060 Montpellier 1, France. [McBratney, Alex B.; Minasny, Budiman] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [McKenzie, Neil J.] CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Mendonca-Santos, Maria de Lourdes] EMBRAPA, Brazilian Agr Res Corp, Natl Ctr Soil Res, BR-22460000 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Shepherd, Keith D.; Vagen, Tor-Gunnar] World Agroforestry Ctr, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Zhang, Gan-Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Sanchez, PA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM psanchez@ei.columbia.edu RI McBratney, Alex/C-2199-2011; Minasny, Budiman/B-4744-2011; McKenzie, Neil/A-9921-2011; Hartemink, Alfred/G-1149-2011; Lagacherie, Philippe/F-9019-2010; OI McKenzie, Neil/0000-0003-3803-3492; Hartemink, Alfred/0000-0002-5797-6798; Lagacherie, Philippe/0000-0002-2948-1966; Minasny, Budiman/0000-0002-1182-2371 NR 18 TC 173 Z9 184 U1 12 U2 110 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5941 BP 680 EP 681 DI 10.1126/science.1175084 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 480HF UT WOS:000268723700022 PM 19661405 ER PT J AU Buckler, ES Holland, JB Bradbury, PJ Acharya, CB Brown, PJ Browne, C Ersoz, E Flint-Garcia, S Garcia, A Glaubitz, JC Goodman, MM Harjes, C Guill, K Kroon, DE Larsson, S Lepak, NK Li, HH Mitchell, SE Pressoir, G Peiffer, JA Rosas, MO Rocheford, TR Romay, MC Romero, S Salvo, S Villeda, HS da Silva, HS Sun, Q Tian, F Upadyayula, N Ware, D Yates, H Yu, JM Zhang, ZW Kresovich, S McMullen, MD AF Buckler, Edward S. Holland, James B. Bradbury, Peter J. Acharya, Charlotte B. Brown, Patrick J. Browne, Chris Ersoz, Elhan Flint-Garcia, Sherry Garcia, Arturo Glaubitz, Jeffrey C. Goodman, Major M. Harjes, Carlos Guill, Kate Kroon, Dallas E. Larsson, Sara Lepak, Nicholas K. Li, Huihui Mitchell, Sharon E. Pressoir, Gael Peiffer, Jason A. Rosas, Marco Oropeza Rocheford, Torbert R. Cinta Romay, M. Romero, Susan Salvo, Stella Sanchez Villeda, Hector da Silva, H. Sofia Sun, Qi Tian, Feng Upadyayula, Narasimham Ware, Doreen Yates, Heather Yu, Jianming Zhang, Zhiwu Kresovich, Stephen McMullen, Michael D. TI The Genetic Architecture of Maize Flowering Time SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; NATURAL VARIATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; HEADING DATE; CO-ORTHOLOG; RICE; GENOME; BARREN-INFLORESCENCE2; DOMESTICATION AB Flowering time is a complex trait that controls adaptation of plants to their local environment in the outcrossing species Zea mays (maize). We dissected variation for flowering time with a set of 5000 recombinant inbred lines (maize Nested Association Mapping population, NAM). Nearly a million plants were assayed in eight environments but showed no evidence for any single large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Instead, we identified evidence for numerous small-effect QTLs shared among families; however, allelic effects differ across founder lines. We identified no individual QTLs at which allelic effects are determined by geographic origin or large effects for epistasis or environmental interactions. Thus, a simple additive model accurately predicts flowering time for maize, in contrast to the genetic architecture observed in the selfing plant species rice and Arabidopsis. C1 [Buckler, Edward S.; Holland, James B.; Bradbury, Peter J.; Browne, Chris; Flint-Garcia, Sherry; Garcia, Arturo; Guill, Kate; Lepak, Nicholas K.; Salvo, Stella; Ware, Doreen; McMullen, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.; Bradbury, Peter J.; Acharya, Charlotte B.; Brown, Patrick J.; Ersoz, Elhan; Kroon, Dallas E.; Li, Huihui; Mitchell, Sharon E.; Pressoir, Gael; Cinta Romay, M.; Romero, Susan; Tian, Feng; Yates, Heather; Zhang, Zhiwu; Kresovich, Stephen] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.; Larsson, Sara; Lepak, Nicholas K.; Peiffer, Jason A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Holland, James B.; Goodman, Major M.; Rosas, Marco Oropeza; Salvo, Stella] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Browne, Chris; Flint-Garcia, Sherry; Garcia, Arturo; Guill, Kate; Sanchez Villeda, Hector; McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Glaubitz, Jeffrey C.] Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Harjes, Carlos] Monsanto Co, Leesburg, GA 31763 USA. [Li, Huihui] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Math Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Li, Huihui] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Rocheford, Torbert R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rocheford, Torbert R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cinta Romay, M.] CSIC, Pontevedra 36080, Spain. [Sanchez Villeda, Hector] CIMMYT, INT, Crop Res Lab, Carretera Mex Veracruz 56130, Mexico. [Sun, Qi] Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Yu, Jianming] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM esb33@cornell.edu; james_holland@ncsu.edu; sk20@cornell.edu; mcmullenm@missouri.edu RI Romay, Maria/B-8831-2015; OI Romay, Maria/0000-0001-9309-1586; Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Zhang, Zhiwu/0000-0002-5784-9684; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU U.S. NSF Plant Genome Program; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Spanish Ministry for Education and Science [AP-2004-6033]; [DBI-9872631]; [DBI-0321467]; [DBI-0820619]; [DBI-0604923] FX This work was supported by U.S. NSF Plant Genome Program DBI 9872631, DBI 0321467, DBI 0820619 to E.S.B., M.M.G. 98,03, J.B.H. 03,08, M.D.M. 03,08, S.K. 03,08, D.W. 03, DBI-0604923 to T.R.R., U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service to E.S.B., J.B.H., M.D.M., and Spanish Ministry for Education and Science AP-2004-6033, fellowship to M.C.R.. NR 31 TC 547 Z9 570 U1 18 U2 199 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5941 BP 714 EP 718 DI 10.1126/science.1174276 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 480HF UT WOS:000268723700040 PM 19661422 ER PT J AU McMullen, MD Kresovich, S Villeda, HS Bradbury, P Li, HH Sun, Q Flint-Garcia, S Thornsberry, J Acharya, C Bottoms, C Brown, P Browne, C Eller, M Guill, K Harjes, C Kroon, D Lepak, N Mitchell, SE Peterson, B Pressoir, G Romero, S Rosas, MO Salvo, S Yates, H Hanson, M Jones, E Smith, S Glaubitz, JC Goodman, M Ware, D Holland, JB Buckler, ES AF McMullen, Michael D. Kresovich, Stephen Villeda, Hector Sanchez Bradbury, Peter Li, Huihui Sun, Qi Flint-Garcia, Sherry Thornsberry, Jeffry Acharya, Charlotte Bottoms, Christopher Brown, Patrick Browne, Chris Eller, Magen Guill, Kate Harjes, Carlos Kroon, Dallas Lepak, Nick Mitchell, Sharon E. Peterson, Brooke Pressoir, Gael Romero, Susan Rosas, Marco Oropeza Salvo, Stella Yates, Heather Hanson, Mark Jones, Elizabeth Smith, Stephen Glaubitz, Jeffrey C. Goodman, Major Ware, Doreen Holland, James B. Buckler, Edward S. TI Genetic Properties of the Maize Nested Association Mapping Population SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ZEA-MAYS L; INBRED LINES; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; LINKAGE; RECOMBINATION; GENOME; ARCHITECTURE; PATTERNS AB Maize genetic diversity has been used to understand the molecular basis of phenotypic variation and to improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability. We crossed 25 diverse inbred maize lines to the B73 reference line, capturing a total of 136,000 recombination events. Variation for recombination frequencies was observed among families, influenced by local (cis) genetic variation. We identified evidence for numerous minor single-locus effects but little two-locus linkage disequilibrium or segregation distortion, which indicated a limited role for genes with large effects and epistatic interactions on fitness. We observed excess residual heterozygosity in pericentromeric regions, which suggested that selection in inbred lines has been less efficient in these regions because of reduced recombination frequency. This implies that pericentromeric regions may contribute disproportionally to heterosis. C1 [McMullen, Michael D.; Bradbury, Peter; Flint-Garcia, Sherry; Browne, Chris; Eller, Magen; Guill, Kate; Lepak, Nick; Peterson, Brooke; Romero, Susan; Salvo, Stella; Ware, Doreen; Holland, James B.; Buckler, Edward S.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [McMullen, Michael D.; Villeda, Hector Sanchez; Flint-Garcia, Sherry; Bottoms, Christopher] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kresovich, Stephen; Bradbury, Peter; Li, Huihui; Acharya, Charlotte; Brown, Patrick; Harjes, Carlos; Kroon, Dallas; Mitchell, Sharon E.; Pressoir, Gael; Yates, Heather; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Li, Huihui] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Math Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Li, Huihui] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Sun, Qi] Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thornsberry, Jeffry] NW Missouri State Univ, Maryville, MO 64468 USA. [Rosas, Marco Oropeza; Goodman, Major; Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hanson, Mark] Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Jones, Elizabeth; Smith, Stephen] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Glaubitz, Jeffrey C.] Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP McMullen, MD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM mcmullenm@missouri.edu; sk20@cornell.edu; james_holland@ncsu.edu; esb33@cornell.edu RI Brown, Patrick/E-4085-2012; OI Brown, Patrick/0000-0001-6857-8608; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 FU National Science Foundation [DBI0321467]; USDA-ARS FX Supported by National Science Foundation Award DBI0321467 and by research funds provided by USDA-ARS to M.D.M., E.S.B., and J.B.H. NR 27 TC 393 Z9 406 U1 4 U2 108 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 325 IS 5941 BP 737 EP 740 DI 10.1126/science.1174320 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 480HF UT WOS:000268723700046 PM 19661427 ER PT J AU Zarlenga, DS Gasbarre, LC AF Zarlenga, Dante S. Gasbarre, Louis C. TI From parasite genomes to one healthy world: Are we having fun yet? SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference of the World-Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Veterinary-Parasitology (WAAVP) CY AUG 08-13, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP World Assoc Adv Vet Parasitol DE Parasite; Genome; Drug resistance; Phylogenomics; Host genetics; Drug development ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RNA INTERFERENCE; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; MALARIA PARASITE; BENZIMIDAZOLE RESISTANCE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM AB In 1990, the Human Genome Sequencing Project was established. This laid the ground work for an explosion of sequence data that has since followed. As a result of this effort, the first complete genome of at) animal, Coenorhabditis elegains was published in 1998. The sequence of Drosophila melanogaster was made available in March, 2000 and in the following year, working drafts of the human genome were generated with the completed sequence (92%) being released in 2003. Recent advancements and next-generation technologies have made sequencing common place and have infiltrated every aspect of biological research, including parasitology. To date, sequencing of 32 apicomplexa and 24 nematode genomes are either in progress or near completion, and over 600k nematode EST and 200k apicomplexa EST Submissions fill the databases. However, the winds have shifted and efforts are now refocusing on how best to store, mine and apply these data to problem solving. Herein we tend not to summarize existing X-omics datasets or present new technological advances that promise future benefits. Rather, the information to follow condenses up-to-date-applications of existing technologies to problem solving as it relates to Parasite research. Advancements in non-parasite systems are also presented with the proviso that applications to parasite research are in the making. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zarlenga, Dante S.] ARS, USDA, ANRI Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gasbarre, Louis C.] Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zarlenga, DS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1180 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Dante.Zarlenga@ars.usda.gov NR 155 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 163 IS 3 BP 235 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.010 PG 15 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 479GP UT WOS:000268648000007 PM 19560277 ER PT J AU Thachuk, C Crossa, J Franco, J Dreisigacker, S Warburton, M Davenport, GF AF Thachuk, Chris Crossa, Jose Franco, Jorge Dreisigacker, Susanne Warburton, Marilyn Davenport, Guy F. TI Core Hunter: an algorithm for sampling genetic resources based on multiple genetic measures SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED LOCATION MODEL; CONTINUOUS-VARIABLES; COLLECTIONS; DIVERSITY; SUBSETS; MARKERS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; RICHNESS; STRATEGY AB Background: Existing algorithms and methods for forming diverse core subsets currently address either allele representativeness (breeder's preference) or allele richness (taxonomist's preference). The main objective of this paper is to propose a powerful yet flexible algorithm capable of selecting core subsets that have high average genetic distance between accessions, or rich genetic diversity overall, or a combination of both. Results: We present Core Hunter, an advanced stochastic local search algorithm for selecting core subsets. Core Hunter is able to find core subsets having more genetic diversity and better average genetic distance than the current state-of-the-art algorithms for all genetic distance and diversity measures we evaluated. Furthermore, Core Hunter can attempt to optimize any number of genetic measures simultaneously, based on the preference of the user. Notably, Core Hunter is able to select significantly smaller core subsets, which retain all unique alleles from a reference collection, than state-of-the-art algorithms. Conclusion: Core Hunter is a highly effective and flexible tool for sampling genetic resources and establishing core subsets. Our implementation, documentation, and source code for Core Hunter is available at http://corehunter.org C1 [Thachuk, Chris] Univ British Columbia, Dept Comp Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Crossa, Jose; Franco, Jorge; Davenport, Guy F.] CIMMYT, Crop Res Informat Lab, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Dreisigacker, Susanne; Warburton, Marilyn] CIMMYT, Appl Biotechnol Ctr, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Franco, Jorge] IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Warburton, Marilyn] ARS, USDA, CHPRRU, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Thachuk, C (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Comp Sci, 2366 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM cthachuk@cs.ubc.ca; j.crossa@cgiar.org; j.franco@cgiar.org; s.dreisigacker@cgiar.org; m.warburton@cgiar.org; g.davenport@cgiar.org OI Crossa, Jose/0000-0001-9429-5855 FU Generation Challenge Program (GCP); IFAD and European Union; NSERC PGS- D3 scholarship FX We would like to thank Jonathan Crouch and Holger H. Hoos for helpful comments concerning this project and manuscript. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions. Computational biology research in CRIL was funded by the Generation Challenge Program (GCP). JC and GD are supported with funding by IFAD and European Union. CT received additional support from an NSERC PGS- D3 scholarship. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 243 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-10-243 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 489LS UT WOS:000269422200001 PM 19660135 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL Korytkowski, CA AF Norrbom, Allen L. Korytkowski, Cheslavo A. TI A revision of the Anastrepha robusta species group (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha; Tephritidae; fruit flies; taxonomy; Polygalaceae; Moutabea ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; MEXICO; FLIES AB The Anastrepha robusta species group is revised to include the following 29 species: A. amaryllis Tigrero (Ecuador), A. amazonensis, n. sp. (Brazil: Amazonas), A. bella, n. sp. (Panama), A. binodosa Stone (Brazil: Amazonas, Para), A. concava Greene (Costa Rica to Ecuador and Brazil: Amazonia), A. cordata Aldrich (Mexico to Venezuela), A. cryptostrepha Hendel (Peru, Surinam), A. cryptostrephoides, n. sp. (Peru), A. disticrux, n. sp. (Jamaica), A. fenestrata Lutz & Lima (Brazil: Amazonas, Para), A. fenestrella, n. sp. (Costa Rica, Panama), A. furcata Lima (Panama, French Guiana, Brazil: Amazonas, Para, Bahia, Espirito Santo), A. fuscata, n. sp. (Peru), A. isolata, n. sp. (Ecuador, Brazil: Amazonas), A. jamaicensis, n. sp. (Jamaica), A. lambda Hendel (Per), A. miza, n. sp. (Venezuela), A. nigra, n. sp. (Panama), A. nigrifascia Stone (Bahamas, USA: Florida), A. nigrivittata, n. sp. (Guyana), A. partita, n. sp. ("Amazon"), A. phaeoptera Lima (Brazil: Bahia, Rio Grande do Sul), A. pittieri Caraballo (Panama, Venezuela), A. pseudorobusta, n. sp. (Per, Trinidad, Venezuela), A. rafaeli, n. sp. (Brazil: Roraima, Venezuela), A. robusta Greene (Mexico to Panama), A. rojasi, n. sp. (Costa Rica, Panama), A. simulans Zucchi (Brazil: Parana, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro), and A. speciosa Stone (Panama). Moutabea longifolia is recorded as a host plant of A. rojasi, the first host record for Anastrepha species from the plant family Polygalaceae. The larvae feed on the seeds within the fruit. A key to the species and descriptions and illustrations for each species are provided, and their possible relationships are discussed. C1 [Norrbom, Allen L.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Korytkowski, Cheslavo A.] Univ Panama, Programa Maestria Entomol Vice Rectoria Invest &, Panama City, Panama. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM allen.norrbom@ars.usda.gov; cheslavok@cableonda.net FU USDA [CS-ARS-6, FG-CR-107] FX We sincerely thank the many scientists, curators and institutions who kindly loaned or provided specimens for study, particularly Ian White and John Chainey (BMNH), Norm Penny (CAS), Chen Young (CMP), Jeff Cumming (CNC), Gary Steck (FSCA), Laszlo Papp (HNHM), Manuel Zumbado (INBio), J. A. Rafael (INPA), C. J. Rosales (IZAM), Phil Perkins (MCZ), Nancy Carrejo (MEUV), Chica do Val (MZUSP), Ruth Contreras-Lichtenberg (NMW), Norma Nolazco (SENASA), Uwe Kallweit (SMT), Claudio Carvalho (UFPC), and Wilford Hanson (USU). Many of the specimens from Costa Rica were collected or reared by INBio parataxonomists supported by the Research and Scientific Exchanges Division, Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA (Project No. CS-ARS-6, Grant No. FG-CR-107). We are grateful to Juan Tigrero for providing measurements and images of the holotype of A. amaryllis. George Venable, Roy Larimer, Taina Litwak, and Marie Metz produced some of the illustrations, and Terrence Walters (USDA, APHIS, CPHST) secured funding for some of the illustration work. We also thank Lucrecia Rodriguez for assistance with the illustrations, and John Brown, Wayne Mathis, and Norman Woodley for their comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 6 PY 2009 IS 2182 BP 1 EP 91 PG 91 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 480VP UT WOS:000268765400001 ER PT J AU Lei, Y Wu, QL Clemons, CM Gu, WH AF Lei, Yong Wu, Qinglin Clemons, Craig M. Gu, Weihong TI Phase Structure and Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/High-Density Polyethylene Based on Recycled Materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyethylene; recycling; blends; poly(ethylene terephthalate) ID HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; SYNTHETIC HIGH POLYMERS; TEREPHTHALATE)/POLYETHYLENE BLENDS; COMPATIBILIZED BLENDS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; REACTIVE EXTRUSION; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); PET; MORPHOLOGY; DIISOCYANATE AB Blends based on recycled high density polyethylene (R-HDPE) and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (R-PET) were made through reactive extrusion. The effects of maleated polyethylene (PE-g-MA), triblock copolymer of styrene and ethylene/butylene (SEBS), and 4,4'-methylenedi(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) on blend properties were studied. The 2% PE-g-MA improved the compatibility of R-HDPE and R-PET in all blends toughened by SEBS. For the R-HDPE/R-PET (70/30 w/w) blend toughened by SEBS, the dispersed PET domain size was significantly reduced with use of 2% PE-g-MA, and the impact strength of the resultant blend doubled. For blends with R-PET matrix, all strengths were improved by adding MDI through extending the PET molecular chains. The crystalline behaviors of R-HDPE and R-PET in one-phase rich systems influenced each other. The addition of PE-g-MA and SEBS consistently reduced the crystalline level (X,) of either the R-PET or the R-HDPE phase and lowered the crystallization peak temperature (T(c)) of R-PET. Further addition of MDI did not influence R-HDPE crystallization behavior but lowered the X, of R-PET in R-PET rich blends. The thermal stability of R-HDPE/R-PET 70/30 and 50/50 (w/w) blends were improved by chain-extension when 0.5% MDI was added. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 1710-1719, 2009 C1 [Lei, Yong; Wu, Qinglin] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Clemons, Craig M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Gu, Weihong] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Polymer Alloy Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. RP Lei, Y (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM yonglei168@hotmail.com; wuqing@lsu.edu NR 32 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 3 BP 1710 EP 1719 DI 10.1002/app.30178 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 456YR UT WOS:000266891100043 ER PT J AU Selling, GW Woods, KK Biswas, A Willett, JL AF Selling, Gordon W. Woods, Kristen Kruger Biswas, Atanu Willett, J. L. TI Reactive Extrusion of Zein with Glyoxal SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE zein; glyoxal; reactive extrusion; cross-linking; injection molding ID ALPHA-ZEIN; WATER; FILMS; DERIVATIVES; PROTEINS; POLYMERS; ALCOHOLS; MODEL AB Cross-linked zein has been produced using glyoxal (GLY) as the cross-linking reagent via reactive extrusion for the first time in a twin screw extruder using dilute sodium hydroxide as catalyst. Tri(ethylene glycol) was used as a plasticizer for various items. The extrudate was then ground and processed using either compression or injection molding. At the highest level of GLY (6%), tri(ethylene glycol) was used at 10% as a plasticizer to allow further processing to take place. With this formulation, samples could be obtained from the injection mold, however, the samples did not hold their molded shape due to the elasticity of the sample at the mold temperature. When lower levels of GLY were used, injection molded sample bars of similar quality to control were obtained. The physical properties of these samples were similar to control. At GLY levels of 1.75% and higher, the samples were resistant to dissolution by acetic acid. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 1828-1835, 2009 C1 [Selling, Gordon W.; Woods, Kristen Kruger; Biswas, Atanu; Willett, J. L.] Agr Res Serv, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Selling, GW (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gordon.selling@ars.usda.gov FU Illinois Corn Marketing Board FX Illinois Corn Marketing Board NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 3 BP 1828 EP 1835 DI 10.1002/app.30074 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 456YR UT WOS:000266891100057 ER PT J AU Xu, ZL Xie, GM Li, YX Wang, BF Beier, RC Lei, HT Wang, H Shen, YD Sun, YM AF Xu, Zhen-Lin Xie, Gui-Mian Li, Yong-Xiang Wang, Bing-Feng Beier, Ross C. Lei, Hong-Tao Wang, Hong Shen, Yu-Dong Sun, Yuan-Ming TI Production and characterization of a broad-specificity polyclonal antibody for O,O-diethyl organophosphorus pesticides and a quantitative structure-activity relationship study of antibody recognition SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Antibody recognition; Broad-specificity; Heterologous assay; Organophosphorus pesticides; Quantitative structure-activity relationship ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; INDIRECT COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; COCCIDIOSTAT NICARBAZIN; INSECTICIDE FENTHION; HAPTEN HETEROLOGY; GENERIC HAPTEN; ELISA; DESIGN AB Polyclonal antibody (PAb) with broad-specificity for O,O-diethyl organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) against a generic hapten, 4-(diethoxyphosphorothioyloxy)benzoic acid, was produced. The obtained PAb showed high sensitivity to seven commonly used O,O-diethyl OPs in a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) using a heterologous coating antigen, 4(3(diethoxyphosphorothioyloxy)phenylamino)-4-oxobutanoic acid. The 50% inhibition value (IC(50)) was 348 ng mL(-1) for parathion, 13 ng mL(-1) for coumaphos, 22 ng mL(-1) for quinalphos, 35 ng mL(-1) for triazophos, 751 ng mL(-1) for phorate, 850 ng mL(-1) for dichlofenthion, and 1301 ng mL(-1) for phoxim. The limit of detection (LOD) met the ideal detection criteria of all the seven OP residues. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was constructed to study the mechanism of antibody recognition using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated that the frontier-orbital energies (energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital, E(HOMO), and energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, E(LUMO)) and hydrophobicity (log of the octanol/water partition coefficient, log P) were mainly responsible for the antibody recognition. The linear equation was log(IC(50)) = -63.274E(HOMO) + 15.985E(LUMO) + 0.556 log P - 25.015, with a determination coefficient (r(2)) of 0.908. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Zhen-Lin; Xie, Gui-Mian; Li, Yong-Xiang; Lei, Hong-Tao; Wang, Hong; Shen, Yu-Dong; Sun, Yuan-Ming] S China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Xu, Zhen-Lin; Xie, Gui-Mian; Li, Yong-Xiang; Wang, Bing-Feng; Lei, Hong-Tao; Wang, Hong; Shen, Yu-Dong; Sun, Yuan-Ming] Key Lab Food Qual & Safety Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Beier, Ross C.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Shen, YD (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM sydscau@yahoo.cn; ymsun@scau.edu.cn RI Lei, Hongtao/F-8618-2011; Lei, Hongtao/A-2532-2014 FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2006AA10Z447, 2007AA10Z437]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [30700663, 20877029]; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (GDNSF) [06300421] FX This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, 2006AA10Z447 and 2007AA10Z437), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 30700663 and 20877029) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (GDNSF, 06300421). NR 39 TC 38 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 647 IS 1 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2009.05.025 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 475FG UT WOS:000268343300012 PM 19576391 ER PT J AU Shini, S Shini, A Huff, GR AF Shini, S. Shini, A. Huff, G. R. TI Effects of chronic and repeated corticosterone administration in rearing chickens on physiology, the onset of lay and egg production of hens SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Corticosterone; Repeated exposure; Rearing chicken; Laying hen; Physiological response ID HETEROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; BROILER-CHICKENS; YOUNG CHICKENS; STRESS; RESPONSES; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; SECRETION; GLAND AB A corticosterone model was used to study the effects of chronic and repeated stress during the rearing phase on physiology, the onset of lay and performance of laying hens in the subsequent laying period. Two hundred and seventy Hy-line brown layer pullets were reared in environmentally controlled battery cages. At 7, 11. and 15 weeks of age birds were exposed for I week to the following treatments in drinking water: corticosterome dissolved in ethanol, ethanol, or untreated water. One week following each treatment, and at 35 weeks of age endocrine, metabolic and haematological tests were conducted. Body weight was measured throughout the study, and egg production was recorded daily throughout the laying period. Plasma corticosterone levels and heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio were increased after each corticosterone delivery, showing the effectiveness of the treatment. When corticosterone delivery was interrupted, plasma corticosterone and H/L ratio were significantly reduced. Exposing birds to repeated and long-term corticosterone treatment significantly affected BW (P<0.01), and relative organ weights (P<0.01). Corticosterone delivery also resulted in increased blood levels Of glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL), and triglyceride (TRG). Administration of corticosterone during the rearing phase delayed the onset of lay and decreased egg production at 35 weeks of age. These results demonstrate that oral corticosterone treatment affects lien physiology, reduces performance. and may model the effects of production stressors. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shini, S.; Shini, A.] Univ Queensland, Sch Anim Studies, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. [Huff, G. R.] Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, USDA ARS, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Shini, S (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Anim Studies, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. EM s.shini@uq.edu.au RI Shini, Shaniko/D-7312-2013 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.04.012 PG 5 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 475OP UT WOS:000268369700011 PM 19393674 ER PT J AU Wilson, JD Massman, WJ Swaters, GE AF Wilson, J. D. Massman, W. J. Swaters, G. E. TI Dynamic response of the thermometric net radiometer SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Net radiometer; Pyrgeometer; Thermal radiometer; Thermometric radiometer ID BALANCE EXPERIMENT EBEX-2000; RADIATION MEASUREMENTS AB We computed the dynamic response of an idealized thermometric net radiometer, when driven by an oscillating net longwave radiation intended roughly to simulate rapid fluctuations of the radiative environment such as might be expected during field use of such devices. The study was motivated by curiosity as to whether non-linearity of the surface boundary conditions implies the existence of a non-vanishing mean signal even when mean forcing (i.e. mean net radiation) vanishes. These simulations do not prove (and owing to discretization and roundoff error, cannot prove) such a bias is absolutely nonexistent, however they establish that the bias is of negligible practical importance, even for unrealistically large fluctuations in the net radiation. Other aspects of net radiometer design must account for the serious errors known to sometimes result (in the case of many devices), from field application of steady-state calibration factors. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilson, J. D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Massman, W. J.] US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Swaters, G. E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Math & Stat, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Wilson, JD (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1-26 Earth Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM jaydee.uu@ualberta.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with Drs. T. Myers, S. Oncley, Y. Brunet and K.T. Paw U; we also thank the reviewers for their suggestions and insights. The study has been supported by research grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS). NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 8 BP 1358 EP 1364 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.03.007 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 459GZ UT WOS:000267090900013 ER PT J AU Giambelluca, TW Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Meinzer, FC Goldstein, G Hoffmann, WA Franco, AC Buchert, MP AF Giambelluca, Thomas W. Scholz, Fabian G. Bucci, Sandra J. Meinzer, Frederick C. Goldstein, Guillermo Hoffmann, William A. Franco, Augusto C. Buchert, Martin P. TI Evapotranspiration and energy balance of Brazilian savannas with contrasting tree density SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tropical savannas; Land-atmosphere interaction; Leaf area index; Soil moisture ID WATER-VAPOR FLUXES; SOIL-WATER; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; EDDY-COVARIANCE; HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; LONG-TERM; CARBON; TRANSPIRATION; CERRADO AB Tropical savannas including those of central Brazil (Cerrado) serve as an important regulator of energy and mass exchange with the atmosphere. However, the effects of interactions between grasses and deeply rooted trees and shrubs on energy and water fluxes of savannas are not well understood. In this study, eddy-covariance measurements were used to observe and compare the energy balance and evapotranspiration at two adjacent Cerrado sites differing in woody plant density. Latent energy flux (LE) and evapotranspiration (ET) for Cerrado Denso (8-10-m trees with a cover density of approximately 50% and an understory of grass and shrubs) were generally similar to or greater than for Campo Cerrado, (widely scattered 3-4-m trees with a cover density of about 5% and an understory of grasses, shrubs, and sedges), with the greatest difference between the sites occurring during the dry season. Mean annual ET was 823 and 689 mm yr(-1), and LE averaged 63.9 +/- 11.7 and 53.5 +/- 14.3 W m(-2) at Cerrado Denso and Campo Cerrado, respectively. At both sites, ET reached a minimum at near the end of the dry season, indicating that reduced water availability constrained dry season ET at both sites. The Bowen ratio at both sites increased as soil moisture decreased, but with a stronger dependency at the Campo Cerrado site, presumably due to the dominance of shallow-rooted plants and the larger contribution of soil evaporation there. Energy partitioning. as indicated by the Bowen ratio, was also strongly influenced by variations in leaf area index (LAI). The strong similarity in the Bowen ratio-LAI relationship for the two sites suggests that LAI can be used to explain much of the observed temporal and spatial ET variability across seasons and variations in woody plant density in the Cerrado. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Giambelluca, Thomas W.; Buchert, Martin P.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.] Univ Nacl Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Fac Ciencias Nat, CONICET, RA-9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Nacl Buenos Aires, Lab Ecol Func, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Hoffmann, William A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Raleigh, NC 28695 USA. [Franco, Augusto C.] Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70904970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Buchert, Martin P.] HW Lochner Inc, Murray, UT 84107 USA. RP Giambelluca, TW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM thomas@hawaii.edu RI Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; Hoffmann, William/E-8894-2010; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Hoffmann, William/0000-0002-1926-823X; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277; Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780; Buchert, Martin/0000-0001-5974-001X FU National Science Foundation (USA) [0296174, 0322051]; CNPq Brazil FX This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (USA) grant #0296174 and grant #0322051 and CNPq Brazil. We thank the Reserva Ecologica do IBGE for logistic support. NR 38 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 8 BP 1365 EP 1376 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.03.006 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 459GZ UT WOS:000267090900014 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Cannon, SB Stacey, G AF Zhang, Xue-Cheng Cannon, Steven B. Stacey, Gary TI Evolutionary genomics of LysM genes in land plants SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DUPLICATE GENES; ARABIDOPSIS; DOMAIN; BACTERIA; PALEOPOLYPLOIDY; DIVERGENCE AB Background: The ubiquitous LysM motif recognizes peptidoglycan, chitooligosaccharides (chitin) and, presumably, other structurally-related oligosaccharides. LysM-containing proteins were first shown to be involved in bacterial cell wall degradation and, more recently, were implicated in perceiving chitin (one of the established pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and lipo-chitin (nodulation factors) in flowering plants. However, the majority of LysM genes in plants remain functionally uncharacterized and the evolutionary history of complex LysM genes remains elusive. Results: We show that LysM-containing proteins display a wide range of complex domain architectures. However, only a simple core architecture is conserved across kingdoms. Each individual kingdom appears to have evolved a distinct array of domain architectures. We show that early plant lineages acquired four characteristic architectures and progressively lost several primitive architectures. We report plant LysM phylogenies and associated gene, protein and genomic features, and infer the relative timing of duplications of LYK genes. Conclusion: We report a domain architecture catalogue of LysM proteins across all kingdoms. The unique pattern of LysM protein domain architectures indicates the presence of distinctive evolutionary paths in individual kingdoms. We describe a comparative and evolutionary genomics study of LysM genes in plant kingdom. One of the two groups of tandemly arrayed plant LYK genes likely resulted from an ancient genome duplication followed by local genomic rearrangement, while the origin of the other groups of tandemly arrayed LYK genes remains obscure. Given the fact that no animal LysM motif-containing genes have been functionally characterized, this study provides clues to functional characterization of plant LysM genes and is also informative with regard to evolutionary and functional studies of animal LysM genes. C1 [Zhang, Xue-Cheng; Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Zhang, Xue-Cheng; Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Natl Ctr Soybean Biotechnol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Cannon, Steven B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cannon, Steven B.] USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Stacey, Gary] Univ Missouri, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Div Biochem, Ctr Sustainable Energy, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM zhangxuec@missouri.edu; steven.cannon@ars.usda.gov; staceyg@missouri.edu FU US Department of Energy, Energy Biosciences Program, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-02ER15309]; USDA-CSREES FX We thank Drs. Randy Shoemaker and Myron Peto for critical reading of this manuscript. This work was funded by grant to GS from the US Department of Energy, Energy Biosciences Program, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (grant No. DE-FG02-02ER15309), and supported by USDA-CSREES to the National Center for Soybean Biotechnology. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 183 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-9-183 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 490BX UT WOS:000269473200003 PM 19650916 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Davis, AS Rabaey, TL Boerboom, CM AF Williams, Martin M., II Davis, Adam S. Rabaey, Tom L. Boerboom, Chris M. TI Linkages among agronomic, environmental and weed management characteristics in North American sweet corn SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CART; Classification and regression trees; Fecundity; Interference; Regional scale ID PLANTING DATE; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; UNITED-STATES; ZEA-MAYS; CROPS; YIELD; INTERFERENCE; HERBICIDE; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY AB Much of our understanding of weed communities and their interactions with crops comes from studies conducted at, or below, the spatial scale of individual fields. This scale allows for tight control of experimental variables, but systematically ignores the potential for regional-scale environmental variation to affect agronomic operations and thereby influence weed management outcomes. We quantified linkages among agronomic, environmental and weed management characteristics of 174 commercial sweet corn fields throughout the north central United States and evaluated crop and weed responses to these variables using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. Multi-model selection indicated that characteristics of weed management systems, especially total cost and herbicide rate, were important predictors of weed diversity, interference and fecundity. Adding agronomic variables, such as planting date, or environmental variables, such as latitude, explained additional variation in weed floristic measures. We tested yield predictions of the most parsimonious CART model against a verification data set comprised of over 1500 published observations from 25 experiments conducted in the major North American regions where sweet corn is grown for processing. Yield values fell within the 95% confidence interval of observed data for most branches of the tree, suggesting the experimental and analytical approaches were reasonably robust. Several characteristics favoring sweet corn productivity and weed management sustainability were identified. This work resulted in easily interpretable models, both by scientists and producers, which place crop and weed responses within the context of regional-scale variation in agricultural management and the environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, Martin M., II; Davis, Adam S.] USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Rabaey, Tom L.] Gen Mills Agr Res, Le Sueur, MN 56058 USA. [Boerboom, Chris M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mmwillms@illinois.edu NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 EI 1872-6852 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.05.005 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 471MB UT WOS:000268060700009 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Vreeland, R Sammataro, D Alarcon, R AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria Vreeland, Russell Sammataro, Diana Alarcon, Ruben TI The Importance of Microbes in Nutrition and Health of Honey Bee Colonies-Part III of Three Parts WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIOLOGY; POLLEN; BREAD C1 [DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria; Vreeland, Russell; Sammataro, Diana; Alarcon, Ruben] USDA ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Vreeland, R (reprint author), W Chester Univ, Ancient Biomat Inst, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 149 IS 8 BP 755 EP 757 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 474TX UT WOS:000268308200014 ER PT J AU Hersch-Green, EI Cronn, R AF Hersch-Green, Erika I. Cronn, Richard TI TANGLED TRIOS?: CHARACTERIZING A HYBRID ZONE IN CASTILLEJA (OROBANCHACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE admixture; Castilleja; hybridization; introgression; Orobanchaceae; polyploidy; population structure ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; HOMOPLOID RETICULATE EVOLUTION; CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS; WILD SUNFLOWERS; NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; PLANT HYBRIDIZATION; FLOWER COLOR; SCROPHULARIACEAE; SPECIATION; POLYPLOIDY AB Hybridization and polyploidization are exceedingly important processes because both influence the ecological envelope and evolutionary trajectory of land plants. These processes are frequently invoked for Castilleja (Indian paintbrushes) as contributors to morphological and genetic novelty and as complicating factors in species delimitations. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of morphological and genetic evidence for hybridization in a well-characterized hybrid swarm involving three broadly sympatric species (C. miniata, C. rhexiifolia, C. sulphurea) in western Colorado. Field-classified hybrids are present at high frequencies at these sites and show morphological intermediacy to and segregate for chloroplast DNA haplotypes with C. rhexiifolia and C. sulphurea. Contrarily, DNA content and AFLP variation show that field-classified hybrids are not recent hybrids but a distinctive fourth taxon. Actual hybrids (plants showing admixture >= 10% for two genotypic groups) comprised 13% of our sample, with most admixture involving C. rhexiifolia, C. sulphurea, and the unknown taxon. The identity of the field-classified "hybrids" remains unknown; they either represent a stabilized hybrid species or a species with uncharacteristically high diversity for color alleles. This study highlights the importance of examining concordance and discordance between morphology, cytology, and genetic criteria to understand the complex evolutionary history of diverse groups such as Castilleja. C1 [Hersch-Green, Erika I.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Cronn, Richard] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hersch-Green, EI (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, S Beaver St Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM erikahersch@gmail.com OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 NR 99 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 96 IS 8 BP 1519 EP 1531 DI 10.3732/ajb.0800357 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 480UO UT WOS:000268762600013 PM 21628297 ER PT J AU Meydani, M Azzi, A AF Meydani, Mohsen Azzi, Angelo TI Diabetes risk: antioxidants or lifestyle? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; VITAMIN-E; MELLITUS; HEALTH; INDIVIDUALS; ASSOCIATION; GLUCOSE; OBESITY C1 [Meydani, Mohsen; Azzi, Angelo] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 2 BP 253 EP 254 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28177 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 472SI UT WOS:000268152000002 PM 19553302 ER PT J AU Wanner, LA AF Wanner, Leslie A. TI A Patchwork of Streptomyces Species Isolated from Potato Common Scab Lesions in North America SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Streptomyces scabies; Population genetics; Pathogenicity island ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; SP-NOV; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PATHOGENIC STREPTOMYCES; PLANT PATHOGENICITY; DNA-SEQUENCES; NETTED SCAB; SP. NOV; PCR AB To determine distribution and prevalence of Streptomyces species associated with common scab in North America, more than 1,400 isolates were made from scabby potato tubers. Samples were obtained from locations across the continent, and from multiple sites in close geographic proximity. Most potentially pathogenic isolates belonged to four species previously associated with common scab, S. scabies, S. europaeiscabiei, S. stelliscabiei, and S. sp. IdahoX. Additionally, small numbers of potentially pathogenic isolates were identified as S. acidiscabies, S. turgidiscabies and six additional ribotypes. S. europaeiscabiei was most common in the west and S. scabies predominated in the middle and eastern Midwest. Beyond this geographic trend, species distribution was patchy. A single species often predominated in a field while neighboring fields had different species. Local and regional variation was seen when isolates were genotyped for repetitive sequence element patterns, reflecting the conserved or core genome, and genes characteristic of the Streptomyces pathogenicity island, reflecting flexible components of the Streptomyces genome. This is the largest survey to date of the distribution of common scab-causing species, and will be a resource for population biology studies and for tracing the evolutionary history and spread of common scab-associated Streptomyces. C1 USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wanner, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Leslie.Wanner@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [1275-21220-223 0OD] FX Thanks to Dr. Xinshun Qu for the quantitative PCR analysis of the presence of txtAB, Spongospora subterranea, and potato cytochrome oxidase DNA in potato CS lesion tissue. Technical assistance by Stephanie Ray is gratefully acknowledged. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project number 1275-21220-223 0OD. NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 247 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9078-y PG 18 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472HW UT WOS:000268122200001 ER PT J AU Suttle, JC AF Suttle, Jeffrey C. TI Ethylene Is Not Involved in Hormone- and Bromoethane-Induced Dormancy Break in Russet Burbank Minitubers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cytokinin; Gibberellin; Potato; Solanum tuberosum; Sprouting ID POTATO-TUBERS; SPROUT GROWTH; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; CYTOKININS; INHIBITORS; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES; RECEPTOR; RELEASE AB The involvement of ethylene in the dormancy breaking actions of cytokinins, GA, and BE was investigated using Russet Burbank minitubers. Injection of 10 A mu g tuber(-1) BA, CP, GA, NG, or ZEA or 24 hour exposure to BE effectively broke dormancy and stimulated sprout growth over a two-week period. Although ethylene production was slightly enhanced by all treatments, a significant increase in ethylene production was observed in minitubers treated with BE, CP, or NG. Pretreatment with the ethylene antagonists STS or MCP did not affect the dormancy breaking actions of any of the agents tested. Application of the ethylene synthesis inhibitor AVG to NG-treated minitubers, completely suppressed ethylene production but had no effect on dormancy break. Application of exogenous ethylene or stimulation of endogenous ethylene production by ACC treatment did not break minituber dormancy or stimulate sprout growth. Collectively, these results indicate that endogenous ethylene does not play a role in the dormancy breaking actions of cytokinins, GA, or BE. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Suttle, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM jeff.suttle@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9081-3 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472HW UT WOS:000268122200004 ER PT J AU Whitworth, JL Novy, RG Hall, DG Crosslin, JM Brown, CR AF Whitworth, Jonathan L. Novy, Richard G. Hall, Darren G. Crosslin, James M. Brown, Charles R. TI Characterization of Broad Spectrum Potato Virus Y Resistance in a Solanum tuberosum ssp andigena-Derived Population and Select Breeding Clones Using Molecular Markers, Grafting, and Field Inoculations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PVY; Marker assisted selection; RT-PCR; PVY resistance ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NECROTIC RINGSPOT DISEASE; MULTIPLEX RT-PCR; EXTREME RESISTANCE; LEAFROLL VIRUS; CHROMOSOME-XII; UNITED-STATES; GENE; PVYN; CULTIVARS AB PVY causes yield and quality loss in potato. The Ry (adg) gene from Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena has been shown to provide extreme resistance to PVY; defined as resistance against all strains. However, Ry (adg) gene clones have not been screened against PVY(N:O), a newly detected North America strain. Three Ry (adg) -diagnostic molecular markers were tested in tetraploid progeny of a PVY resistant x susceptible cross and in diverse clones/cultivars. Multiple isolates of PVY strains (PVY(NTN), PVY(N:O), PVY(O)) were used for mechanical inoculations of the progeny. In addition, PVY(O), PVY(N), and PVA were used for graft inoculation on a separate clone/cultivar set. Progeny segregated 1:1 for PVY resistance; fitting a gene model simplex for Ry (adg) . Marker positive progeny were resistant to all PVY strains, including PVY(N:O). Marker presence was also in agreement with PVY resistance in the clones/cultivars. These findings show that these markers can identify resistance to all known PVY strains in North America. C1 [Whitworth, Jonathan L.; Novy, Richard G.; Hall, Darren G.] USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Crosslin, James M.; Brown, Charles R.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Whitworth, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1693 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Jonathan.Whitworth@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 286 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9082-2 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472HW UT WOS:000268122200005 ER PT J AU Nitzan, N Boydston, R Batchelor, D Crosslin, J Hamlin, L Brown, C AF Nitzan, Nadav Boydston, Rick Batchelor, Dallas Crosslin, Jim Hamlin, Launa Brown, Charles TI Hairy Nightshade is an Alternative Host of Spongospora subterranea, the Potato Powdery Scab Pathogen SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Potato; Hairy nightshade; Powdery scab; Root galls; Spongospora subterranea; Solanum tuberosum; Solanum sarrachoide; PCR ID MOP-TOP-VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; RANGE AB Root galls possibly caused by Spongospora subterranea were observed on hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoide; HNS). HNS galls and galls from potato were used to artificially inoculate potato and HNS. Eighty-three and 52% potato and HNS plants inoculated with potato inoculum had root galls, respectively. Ten and 31% potato and HNS plants inoculated with HNS inoculum had root galls, respectively. A S. subterranea-specific PCR significantly correlated (P < 0.0001, Phi Coefficient = 0.69) with visual assessment of gall incidence in 34 of 40 samples. Five of 40 samples had no galls, but gave positive PCRs. One of 40 samples had root galls, but gave a negative PCR. More sporosori were produced on potato than on HNS. Therefore, the root galls on HNS were caused by S. subterranea that is able to complete its life cycle on HNS and produce new generations of sporosori that are infectious on potato. C1 [Nitzan, Nadav; Boydston, Rick; Crosslin, Jim; Hamlin, Launa; Brown, Charles] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Batchelor, Dallas] Lamb Weston, Pasco, WA 99301 USA. RP Nitzan, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM nadnitzan@hotmail.com NR 24 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 297 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9083-1 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472HW UT WOS:000268122200006 ER PT J AU Ottoman, RJ Hane, DC Brown, CR Yilma, S James, SR Mosley, AR Crosslin, JM Vales, MI AF Ottoman, Ryon J. Hane, Dan C. Brown, Charles R. Yilma, Solomon James, Steven R. Mosley, Alvin R. Crosslin, James M. Vales, M. Isabel TI Validation and Implementation of Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) for PVY Resistance (Rygene) in a Tetraploid Potato Breeding Program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Potatoes; PVY; Ry(adg); Extreme resistance; Marker-assisted selection; ELISA; Solanum tuberosum; Breeding ID VIRUS-Y PVY; EXTREME RESISTANCE; GENE; CULTIVARS; INFECTION; PLANTS AB The gene Ry (adg) from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena provides extreme resistance to PVY. This gene has been genetically mapped to chromosome XI and linked PCR-based DNA markers have been identified. Advanced tetraploid russeted potato clones developed by the U.S. Pacific Northwest Potato Breeding ('Tri-State') Program with Ry (adg) PVY resistance were used in this study. The objective of this work was to assess the usefulness of molecular markers linked to Ry (adg) as a tool for selecting PVY resistance in a tetraploid potato breeding program. To achieve this, a full-sib tetraploid population segregating for Ry (adg) was screened with molecular markers linked to Ry (adg) , artificially inoculated with PVY(O) and evaluated in the greenhouse. A large percentage (96.4%) of the segregating lines showed coincidence between molecular markers and ELISA results at 40 days after inoculation. This justifies the use of molecular markers as an alternative to artificial inoculation followed by ELISA. Segregation (resistant vs. susceptible) based on ELISA and molecular marker results in the full-sib population indicated the presence of Ry (adg) as a simplex in the PVY resistant parent OR00030-1. Additional full-sib populations segregating for the Ry (adg) gene coming from OR00030-1 and from a related clone, AOR00628-3, were evaluated under field conditions. MAS can be used as a fast and efficient tool to select for PVY resistance, reducing the number of PVY susceptible lines retained for succeeding field evaluations, and thereby increasing the odds of generating PVY resistant potato varieties. C1 [Ottoman, Ryon J.; Yilma, Solomon; Mosley, Alvin R.; Vales, M. Isabel] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hane, Dan C.] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [Brown, Charles R.; Crosslin, James M.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [James, Steven R.] Oregon State Univ, Cent Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Madras, OR 97741 USA. RP Vales, MI (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM isabel.vales@oregonstate.edu FU The Oregon Potato Commission; USDA/CSREES Special Potato Research FX The Oregon Potato Commission and the USDA/CSREES Special Potato Research Grant program provided financial support for this research. The authors thank Dr. Oscar Gutbrod for providing advice to assess visual PVY symptoms in the greenhouse. Thanks are extended to Kandy Marling, Eda Karaagac, and several undergrad students for technical assistance. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 304 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9084-0 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472HW UT WOS:000268122200007 ER PT J AU Porter, LD Hamm, PB David, NL Gieck, SL Miller, JS Gundersen, B Inglis, DA AF Porter, Lyndon D. Hamm, Philip B. David, Nicholas L. Gieck, Stacy L. Miller, Jeffery S. Gundersen, Babette Inglis, Debra A. TI Metalaxyl-M-Resistant Pythium Species in Potato Production Areas of the Pacific Northwest of the USA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mefenoxam; Fungicide resistance; Pythium paroecandrum; Pythium inflatum ID F-SP-MEDICAGINIS; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; EASTERN WASHINGTON; LATE BLIGHT; PHENYLAMIDE FUNGICIDES; BREMIA-LACTUCAE; COLUMBIA BASIN; DOWNY MILDEW; WHEAT FIELDS; MATING-TYPE AB Several Pythium species causing leak on potato are managed by the systemic fungicide metalaxyl-M. Metalaxyl-M-resistant (MR) isolates of Pythium spp. have been identified in potato production areas of the U.S.A., but information is lacking on the distribution of MR isolates in the Pacific Northwest. Soil samples from numerous fields (312) cropped to potatoes in Idaho (140), Oregon (59), and Washington (113) were assayed using metalaxyl-M-amended agar for the presence of MR isolates of Pythium in 2004 to 2006. Altogether, 1.4%, 42.4% and 32.7% of the fields from these states, respectively, were positive for MR Pythium. Isolates of Pythium ultimum that were highly resistant to metalaxyl were recovered from 53 fields representing ID, OR, and WA. Greater than 50% of the Pythium soil population consisted of MR isolates in ten of 64 fields from Oregon and Washington. Nine species of Pythium were recovered from soil samples, of which MR P. ultimum and P. spinosum were identified. Isolates of MR P. ultimum recovered from soil were pathogenic on potato tubers and may pose a serious threat to the management of Pythium leak and seed rot of diverse crops rotated with potato. C1 [Porter, Lyndon D.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Hamm, Philip B.; Gieck, Stacy L.] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [David, Nicholas L.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Miller, Jeffery S.] Miller Res LLC, Rupert, ID 83350 USA. [Gundersen, Babette; Inglis, Debra A.] Washington State Univ, NWREC, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. RP Porter, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM lyndon.porter@ars.usda.gov; philip.b.hamm@oregonstate.edu; nicholas.david@ndsu.edu; jeff@millerresearch.com; gunde@cahnrs.wsu.edu; dainglis@wsu.edu FU National Potato Council FX The authors would like to thank the National Potato Council for funding this research project, and Steve James Casey Royer, Brian Charlton and Mike Nielsen for collecting soil. The experiments associated with this research were in compliance with the laws of the U.S.A. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 86 IS 4 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9085-z PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 472HW UT WOS:000268122200008 ER PT J AU O'Connor, TM Jago, R Baranowski, T AF O'Connor, Teresia M. Jago, Russell Baranowski, Tom TI Engaging Parents to Increase Youth Physical Activity A Systematic Review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REDUCTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OBESITY PREVENTION PROGRAM; AMERICAN-INDIAN SCHOOLCHILDREN; HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS; ADOLESCENT TRIAL; HIP-HOP; MINORITY CHILDREN; DISEASE RISK; PRIMARY-CARE AB Background: Parents are often involved in interventions to engage youth in physical activity, but it is not clear which methods for involving parents are effective. Purpose: A systematic review was conducted of interventions with physical activity and parental components among healthy youth to identify how best to involve parents in physical activity interventions for children. Evidence acquisition: Identified intervention studies were reviewed in 2008 for study design, description of family components, and physical activity Outcomes. The quality of reporting was assessed using the CONSORT checklist for reporting oil trials of nonpharmacologic treatments. Evidence synthesis: The literature search identified 1227 articles, 35 of which met review criteria. Five of the 14 RCTs met >= 70% of CONSORT checklist items. Five general procedures for involving parents were identified: (1) face-to-face educational programs or parent training, (2) family participatory exercise programs, (3) telephone communication, (4) organized activities, and (5) educational materials sent home. Lack Of uniformity in reporting trials, multiple pilot: studies, and varied measurements of physical activity outcomes prohibited systematic conclusions. Interventions with educational or training programs during family visits or via telephone communication with parents appear to offer some promise. Conclusions: There is little evidence for effectiveness of family involvement methods in programs for promoting physical activity in children, because of the heterogeneity of study design, study quality, and outcome measures used. There is a need to build ail evidence base of more-predictive models of child physical activity that include parent and child mediating variables and procedures that can effect changes in these variables for future family-based physical activity interventions. (Am J Prev Med 2009;37(2):141-149) (C) 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [O'Connor, Teresia M.; Baranowski, Tom] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Jago, Russell] Univ Bristol, Ctr Sport Exercise & Hlth, Dept Exercise Nutr & Hlth Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. RP O'Connor, TM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM teresiao@bcm.edu OI Jago, Russell/0000-0002-3394-0176; Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 NR 68 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.04.020 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 475FO UT WOS:000268344200009 PM 19589450 ER PT J AU Xavier, BM Russell, JB AF Xavier, Bruno M. Russell, James B. TI The ability of non-bacteriocin producing Streptococcus bovis strains to bind and transfer bovicin HC5 to other sensitive bacteria SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus bovis; Bacteriocins; Bovicin HC5 ID RUMINAL BACTERIA; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; AMMONIA PRODUCTION; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; LIPID-II; RUMEN; NISIN; RESISTANCE; STABILITY; PEPTIDES AB Streptococcus bovis HC5 produces a broad spectrum lantibiotic (bovicin HC5), but S. bovis JB1 does not have antimicrobial activity. Preliminary experiments revealed an anomaly. When S. bovis JB1 cells were washed in stationary phase S. bovis HC5 cell-free culture supernatant, the S. bovis JB1 cells were subsequently able to inhibit hyper-ammonia producing ruminal bacteria (Clostridium sticklandii, Clostridium aminophilum and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius). other non-bacteriocin producing S. bovis strains also had the ability to bind and transfer semi-purified bovicin HC5. Bovicin HC5 that was bound to S. bovis JB1 was much more resistant to Pronase E than cell-free bovicin HC5, but it could be inactivated if the incubation period was 24 h. Acidic NaCl treatment (100 mM, pH 2.0) liberates half of the bovicin HC5 from S bovis HC5, but it did not prevent bovicin HC5 from binding to S. bovis JB1. Acidic NaCl liberated some bovicin HC5 from S. bovis JB1, but the decrease in activity was only 2-fold. Bovicin HC5 is a positively charged peptide, and the ability of S. bovis JB1 to bind bovicin HC5 could be inhibited by either calcium or magnesium (100 mM). Acidic NaCl-treated S. bovis JB1 cells were unable to accumulate potassium, but they were still able to bind bovicin HC5 and prevent potassium accumulation by untreated S. bovis JB1 cells. Based on these results, bovicin HC5 bound to S. bovis JB1 cells still acts as a pore-forming lantibiotic. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Xavier, Bruno M.; Russell, James B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Russell, James B.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, 157A Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jbr8@cornell.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD AUG PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 168 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2008.10.002 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 483ND UT WOS:000268972700012 PM 19171197 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM Isenberg, SL Cote, GL AF Striegel, Andre M. Isenberg, Samantha L. Cote, Gregory L. TI An SEC/MALS study of alternan degradation during size-exclusion chromatographic analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alternan; Size-exclusion chromatography; On-column flow-induced degradation; Multiangle light scattering ID HIGH MOLAR-MASS; GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; NETWORK-POLYMER PRECURSORS; HYDRODYNAMIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; SLALOM CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SEC; MACROMOLECULES; POLYSTYRENES; SEPARATION AB Ultrahigh-molar-mass (M) polymers such as DNA, cellulose, and polyolefins are routinely analyzed using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) to obtain molar mass averages, distributions, and architectural information. It has long been contended that high-M polymers can degrade during SEC analysis; if true, the inaccurate molar mass information obtained can adversely affect decisions regarding processing and end-use properties of the macromolecules. However, most evidence to the effect of degradation has been circumstantial and open to alternative interpretation. For example, the shift in SEC elution volume as a function of increased chromatographic flow rate, observed using only a concentration-sensitive detector, may be the result of degradation or of elution via a nondegradatory slalom chromatography mechanism. Here, using both concentration-sensitive and multiangle static light-scattering detection, we provide unambiguous evidence that the polysaccharide alternan actually degrades during SEC analysis. The decrease in molar mass and size of alternan with increasing flow rate, measured using light scattering, allows ruling out an SC mode of elution and can only be interpreted as due to degradation. These findings demonstrate the extreme fragility of ultrahigh-M polymers and the care that must be taken for accurate characterization. C1 [Striegel, Andre M.; Isenberg, Samantha L.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cote, Gregory L.] USDA ARS NCAUR, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM striegel@chem.fsu.edu FU ACS Petroleum Research Fund [1-1312-0050] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the ACS Petroleum Research Fund, through grant number 1-1312-0050. We would also like to acknowledge Amandaa Brewer and Imad Haidar Ahmad for their kind assistance when needed. The use of brand or trade names may be necessary to report factually on available data. The USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 394 IS 7 BP 1887 EP 1893 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-2895-5 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 470SP UT WOS:000268000600019 PM 19554314 ER PT J AU Ho, CS Lunney, JK Franzo-Romain, MH Martens, GW Lee, YJ Lee, JH Wysocki, M Rowland, RRR Smith, DM AF Ho, C. -S. Lunney, J. K. Franzo-Romain, M. H. Martens, G. W. Lee, Y. -J. Lee, J. -H. Wysocki, M. Rowland, R. R. R. Smith, D. M. TI Molecular characterization of swine leucocyte antigen class I genes in outbred pig populations SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE genotyping; major histocompatibility complex; outbred pigs; PCR-SSP; polymorphism; SLA; SLA diversity; swine leucocyte antigen ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC PRIMERS; SLA CLASS-I; LYMPHOCYTE ALLOANTIGENS SLA; MINIATURE PIGS; PCR-SSP; RAPID ASSIGNMENT; POLYMORPHISM; NOMENCLATURE AB P>The highly polymorphic swine leucocyte antigen (SLA) genes are one of the most important determinants in swine immune responses to infectious diseases, vaccines, and in transplantation success. Study of SLA influence requires accurate and effective typing methods. We developed a simple and rapid method to type alleles at the three classical SLA class I loci (SLA-1, SLA-3 and SLA-2) using the PCR-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) strategy. This typing system relies on 47 discriminatory PCR primer pairs designed to amplify the SLA class I alleles by groups that have similar sequence motifs. We applied this low-resolution group-specific typing method to characterize the SLA class I alleles present in three outbred pig populations (n = 202). Alleles from 24 class I allele groups corresponding to 56 class I genotypes were detected. We also identified 23 low-resolution SLA class I haplotypes in these pigs and found haplotypes Lr-1.0 (SLA-1*01XX-SLA-3*01XX-SLA-2*01XX) and Lr-4.0 (SLA-1*04XX-SLA-3*04XX-SLA-2*04XX) in all three pig populations with a high prevalence. Over 80% of the pigs examined (n = 162) were found to bear at least one of these haplotypes, resulting in a combined haplotype frequency of nearly 50%. This PCR-SSP-based typing system demonstrates a reliable and unambiguous detection of SLA class I alleles, and can be used to effectively investigate the SLA diversity in outbred pig populations. It will help to identify the role of SLA antigens in disease-resistant pigs and may facilitate the development of effective vaccines. C1 [Ho, C. -S.; Franzo-Romain, M. H.; Smith, D. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ho, C. -S.; Martens, G. W.; Smith, D. M.] Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Transplant Immunol Lab, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. [Ho, C. -S.; Martens, G. W.; Smith, D. M.] Baylor Univ, Inst Biomed Studies, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Lunney, J. K.; Wysocki, M.] ARS, APDL, BARC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lee, Y. -J.; Lee, J. -H.] Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Div Anim Sci & Resources, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Rowland, R. R. R.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dousmith@umich.edu FU USDA/NRI-CSREES [2004-35605-14197]; Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2006-612-F00002] FX The authors wish to thank Drs John E. Butler (University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA), Kelly M. Lager (USDA Agriculture Research Service, Ames, IA), Carol R. Wyatt (Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS), and Ramon M. Molina and Jeffrey J. Zimmerman (Iowa State University, Ames, IA) for generously providing valuable DNA samples. The authors also thank Leah Pittmon and Lauren Winfree for expert technical assistance. This project was in part supported by USDA/NRI-CSREES grant 2004-35605-14197, 'Integrated Control and Elimination of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) in the U.S'. Y.-J. Lee was supported by the Korea Research Foundation (Grant No. KRF-2006-612-F00002). NR 35 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 40 IS 4 BP 468 EP 478 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 471BO UT WOS:000268028100013 PM 19392823 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB Smith, DB AF Reeves, James B., III Smith, David B. TI The potential of mid- and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determining major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from a geochemical survey of North America SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PREDICTION; CARBON; CALIBRATIONS; REGRESSION; FOURIER AB In 2004, soils were collected at 220 sites along two transects across the USA and Canada as a pilot study for a planned soil geochemical survey of North America (North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project). The objective of the current study was to examine the potential of diffuse reflectance (DR) Fourier Transform (FT) mid-infrared (mid-IR) and near-infrared (NIRS) spectroscopy to reduce the need for conventional analysis for the determination of major and trace elements in such continental-scale surveys. Soil samples (n = 720) were collected from two transects (east-west across the USA, and north-south from Manitoba. Canada to El Paso, Texas (USA), n = 453 and 267, respectively). The samples came from 19 USA states and the province of Manitoba in Canada. They represented 31 types of land use (e.g., national forest, rangeland, etc.), and 123 different land covers (e.g., soybeans, oak forest, etc.). The samples represented a combination of depth-based sampling (0-5 cm) and horizon-based sampling (0, A and C horizons) with 123 different depths identified. The set was very diverse with few samples similar in land use, land cover, etc. All samples were analyzed by conventional means for the near-total concentration of 49 analytes (C(total), C(carbonate) and C(organic), and 46 major and trace elements). Spectra were obtained using dried, ground samples using a Digilab FTS-7000 FT spectrometer in the mid- (4000-400 cm(-1)) and near-infrared (10,000-4000 cm(-1)) at 4 cm(-1) resolution (64 co-added scans per spectrum) using a Pike AutoDIFF DR autosampler. Partial least squares calibrations were develop using: (1) all samples as a calibration set; (2) samples evenly divided into calibration and validation sets based on spectral diversity; and (3) samples divided to have matching analyte concentrations in calibration and validation sets. In general, results supported the conclusion that neither mid-IR nor NIRS would be particularly useful in reducing the need for conventional analysis of soils from this continental-scale geochemical survey. The extreme sample diversity, likely caused by the widely varied parent material, land use at the site of collection (e.g., grazing, recreation, agriculture, etc.), and climate resulted in poor calibrations even for C(total), C(organic) and C(carbonate). The results indicated potential for mid-IR and NIRS to differentiate soils containing high concentrations (>100 mg/kg) of some metals (e.g., Co, Cr, Ni) from low-level samples (<50 mg/kg). However, because of the small number of high-level samples, it is possible that differentiation was based on factors other than metal concentration. Results for Mg and Sr were good, but results for other metals examined were fair to poor, at best. In essence, it appears that the great variation in chemical and physical properties seen in soils from this continental-scale survey resulted in each sample being virtually unique. Thus, suitable spectroscopic calibrations were generally not possible. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Reeves, James B., III] USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, David B.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM James.Reeves@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1472 EP 1481 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.017 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 487QQ UT WOS:000269290300012 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Kroger, R Cooper, CM Smith, S AF Moore, M. T. Kroeger, R. Cooper, C. M. Smith, S., Jr. TI Ability of Four Emergent Macrophytes to Remediate Permethrin in Mesocosm Experiments SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATED DRAINAGE DITCHES; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; SURFACE WATERS; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; SOUTHERN SWEDEN; COTTON PLANTS; MITIGATION AB Increased focus is being placed on the ability of native vegetation to mitigate potential harmful effects of agricultural runoff, especially pyrethroid insecticides. Replicate 379 L Rubbermaid tubs (1.25 m [l] x 0.6 m [w] x 0.8 m [h]) were planted with individual species of cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides), cattails (Typha latifolia), bur-reed (Sparganium americanum), and powdery alligator-flag (Thalia dealbata), all common wetland macrophytes found in the Mississippi Delta, USA, agricultural region. Permethrin-enriched water (target concentration, 5 mu g L(-1)) was pumped in at a 4-h hydraulic retention time at one end of the tub and discharged at the far end. Water samples were collected from discharge at 1-h intervals for 12 h and analyzed for permethrin concentrations. Permethrin removal rates were compared for the four different plant treatments and nonvegetated sediment-water controls. Results indicated that no particular single plant species was more effective at removing permethrin in water relative to unplanted controls. Overall mass reductions (from inflow to outflow) for cis-permethrin ranged from 67% +/- A 6% in T. latifolia to 71% +/- A 2% in L. oryzoides. The trans-permethrin overall mass reductions ranged from 76% +/- A 4% in S. americanum to 82% +/- A 2% in the unplanted control. Sediment and plant samples collected at the study conclusion indicated that 77%-95% of measured permethrin mass was associated with sediment for mesocosms planted with L. oryzoides, T. latifolia, and T. dealbata. Conversely, mesocosms planted with S. americanum had 83% of measured mass associated with the plant material. Specific plant-pesticide retention studies can lead to improved planning for best management practices and remediation techniques such as constructed wetlands and vegetated agricultural drainage ditches. C1 [Moore, M. T.; Cooper, C. M.; Smith, S., Jr.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Kroeger, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM matt.moore@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9334-7 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 462EL UT WOS:000267329800009 PM 19458989 ER PT J AU Lambert, MS Ozbay, G Richards, GP AF Lambert, Mary S. Ozbay, Gulnihal Richards, Gary P. TI Seawater and Shellfish (Geukensia demissa) Quality Along the Western Coast of Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland: An Area Impacted by Feral Horses and Agricultural Runoff SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIBRIONACEAE; SHEWANELLA; OYSTERS; MUSSELS; BAY AB We evaluated the quality of seawater and ribbed mussels (Gukensia demissa) at six sites along the West Coast of Assateague Island National Seashore (ASIS), a barrier island popular with tourists and fishermen. Parameters evaluated were summertime temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, total ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite levels for seawater and total heterotrophic plate counts and total Vibrionaceae levels for the ribbed mussels. Approximately 150 feral horses (Equus caballus) are located on ASIS and, combined with agricultural runoff from animals and croplands, local wildlife, and anthropogenic inputs, contribute to nutrient loads affecting water and shellfish quality. The average monthly dissolved oxygen for June was 2.65 mg L(-1), below the minimum acceptable threshold of 3.0 mg L(-1). Along Chincoteague Bay, total phosphorus generally exceeded the maximum level of 0.037 mg L(-1), as set by the Maryland Coastal Bays Program management objective for seagrasses, with a high of 1.92 mg L(-1) in June, some 50-fold higher than the recommended threshold. Total ammonia nitrogen approached levels harmful to fish, with a maximum recorded value of 0.093 mg L(-1). Levels of total heterotrophic bacteria spiked to 9.5 x 10(6) cells g(-1) of mussel tissue in August in Sinepuxent Bay, leading to mussels which exceeded acceptable standards for edible bivalves by 19-fold. An average of 76% of the bacterial isolates were in the Vibrionaceae family. Together, these data suggest poor stewardship of our coastal environment and the need for new intervention strategies to reduce chemical and biological contamination of our marine resources. C1 [Lambert, Mary S.; Ozbay, Gulnihal] Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Richards, Gary P.] Delaware State Univ, USDA ARS, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Ozbay, G (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, 1200 N Dupont Highway, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM gozbay@desu.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2004-38820-15154]; Agricultural Research Service FX This study was supported by funds under a USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Grant 2004-38820-15154 and a USDA-Evans Allen Grant, and by intramural funds from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. We wish to thank Drs. Dennis McIntosh and Kevina Vulinec for guidance and suggestions, and Michael Watson and Kesha Braunskill for their technical assistance. We would like to gratefully acknowledge the staff at the Assateague Island National Park, particularly Carl Zimmerman and Brian Sturgis, who helped with the logistics of this study and provided assistance during the field season, and Allison Turner, who conducted the horse distribution surveys. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.1007/s00244-008-9277-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 462EL UT WOS:000267329800022 PM 19132436 ER PT J AU Wintermantel, WM Hladky, LL Gulati-Sakhuja, A Li, RH Liu, HY Tzanetakis, IE AF Wintermantel, William M. Hladky, Laura L. Gulati-Sakhuja, Anju Li, Ruhui Liu, Hsing-Yeh Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. TI The complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of tomato infectious chlorosis virus: a distinct crinivirus most closely related to lettuce infectious yellows virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STUNTING-DISORDER-VIRUS; CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; MINOR COAT PROTEIN; TO-CELL MOVEMENT; GENUS CRINIVIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HSP70 HOMOLOG; 1ST REPORT; BIPARTITE CLOSTEROVIRUS AB The complete nucleotide sequence of tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) was determined and compared with those of other members of the genus Crinivirus. RNA 1 is 8,271 nucleotides long with three open reading frames and encodes proteins involved in replication. RNA 2 is 7,913 nucleotides long and encodes eight proteins common within the genus Crinivirus that are involved in genome protection, movement and other functions yet to be identified. Similarity between TICV and other criniviruses varies throughout the genome but TICV is related more closely to lettuce infectious yellows virus than to any other crinivirus, thus identifying a third group within the genus. C1 [Wintermantel, William M.; Hladky, Laura L.; Gulati-Sakhuja, Anju; Liu, Hsing-Yeh] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Li, Ruhui] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tzanetakis, Ioannis E.] Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Wintermantel, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM bill.wintermantel@ars.usda.gov RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 FU Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station FX Thanks to Gail C. Wisler for initiating this project, and to Art Cortez for maintenance of virus and vector cultures. Part of this project was funded by start-up funds provided by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station to I. E. T. This work is a component of USDA- ARS project number 5305-22000-011-00D. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 154 IS 8 BP 1335 EP 1341 DI 10.1007/s00705-009-0432-7 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 492VA UT WOS:000269687400016 PM 19575276 ER PT J AU Forbis, TA AF Forbis, Tara A. TI Negative Associations between Seedlings and Adult Plants in Two Alpine Plant Communities SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHILEAN PATAGONIAN ANDES; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; SPECIES-RICHNESS; SEED SIZE; PRODUCTIVITY GRADIENTS; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; FACILITATION; PATTERNS; ESTABLISHMENT; RECRUITMENT AB Plant species' requirements at seed and seedling stages are critical in determining their distributions. Proximity to adult plants, as well as the presence of litter or rocks Oil the Soil surface call influence seedling Success. By comparing the microsite characteristics of points Occupied by naturally occurring seedlings to the characteristics Of unoccupied points in fellfield and dry, moist, and wet meadow alpine plant communities oil Niwot Ridge, Colorado, U.S.A., this study addresses the following questions: Arc seedlings more likely to be near all adult plant or ill litter than are unoccupied points'? Does the proximity of seedlings to adult plants vary among communities? In the fellfield community, are seedlings more likely to be located next to a rock than are unoccupied points'? I found that seedlings were farther from adult plants than were unoccupied points in the wet meadow. it community with dense vegetation cover and wet soils. Contrary to expectation. I also found that seedlings were farther from adult plants than were unoccupied points in the fellfield, the driest. most barren community. Seedlings were not more likely than unoccupied points to be located in areas of litter buildup, and fellfield seedlings did]lot Occur disproportionately within the protection of it rock. This study suggests that competition between adult plants and seedlings may be taking place both in highly productive and in very unproductive alpine Plant communities. C1 [Forbis, Tara A.] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM tforbis@unr.edu FU Niwot Ridge LTER Program (NSF) [DEB-9810218]; University of Colorado Department of Environmental, Populational and Organismic Biology FX I thank J. sKrieger and R. Marlin for assistance with field work and A. de Queiroz for discussions. A de Queiroz, W. Longland, L. Turner, and W. D. Bowman provided comments on the manuscript. Funding came from the Niwot Ridge LTER Program (NSF DEB-9810218) and a fellowship from the University of Colorado Department of Environmental, Populational and Organismic Biology. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 39 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 41 IS 3 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-41.3.301 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 484BU UT WOS:000269019100002 ER PT J AU Chung, M Lichtenstein, AH Ip, S Lau, J Balk, EM AF Chung, Mei Lichtenstein, Alice H. Ip, Stanley Lau, Joseph Balk, Ethan M. TI Comparability of methods for LDL subfraction determination: A systematic review SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Review DE LDL subfractions; Clinical chemistry tests; Systematic review ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN HETEROGENEITY; FILTRATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; PARTICLE-SIZE; ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; SPECTROSCOPY; PLASMA AB Identifying and aggressively treating individuals at elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is critical to optimizing health outcomes. The CVD risk factors defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program do not fully predict individuals at high risk of developing CVD. Validation of potential methodologies against a reference method is essential to the adoption of a potential new risk factor to improve risk prediction. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction has been advanced as a potential additional CVD risk factor. Currently, there is no reference method for determining LDL subfractions or standardizing the different methods used to measure LDL subfractions. We conducted a systematic review to identify reports comparing two or more methods of measuring LDL subfractions. Nine articles were identified that separated and quantified LDL subfractions by at least two methods. Comparative data were available for nuclear magnetic resonance vs. gel electrophoresis (GE), LipoPrint (R) vs. other GE methods, ultracentrifugation vs. GE, and high performance gel filtration chromatography vs. GE. We found a wide range of agreement (from 7 to 94% concordance for classifying LDL patterns) among methods for LDL subfraction determinations. Different criteria and definitions were used among the articles to classify individuals with respect to CVD risk. No study used CVD or other clinical outcomes as an outcome measure. In summary, the currently available literature does not provide adequate data about comparability in terms of test performance to choose one or another method to serve as a standard nor are data on comparability in terms of predicting CVD outcomes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chung, Mei; Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Ip, Stanley; Lau, Joseph; Balk, Ethan M.] Tufts Med Ctr, Tufts Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Balk, EM (reprint author), Tufts Med Ctr, Tufts Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Box 63,800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ebalk@tuftsmedicalcenter.org FU Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [290-02-0022] FX Funding: This project was funded under Contract No. 290-02-0022 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD AUG PY 2009 VL 205 IS 2 BP 342 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.011 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 487QI UT WOS:000269289500002 PM 19162266 ER PT J AU Dietrich, M Jacques, PF Pencina, MJ Lanier, K Keyes, MJ Kaur, G Wolf, PA D'Agostino, RB Vasan, RS AF Dietrich, M. Jacques, P. F. Pencina, M. J. Lanier, K. Keyes, M. J. Kaur, G. Wolf, P. A. D'Agostino, R. B. Vasan, R. S. TI Vitamin E supplement use and the incidence of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the Framingham Heart Study: Does the underlying health status play a role? SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Vitamin E supplements; Health status; Cardiovascular disease; All-cause mortality; Framingham Heart Study ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; E CONSUMPTION; RISK; PREVENTION; REPRODUCIBILITY; METAANALYSIS; EXPRESSION; VALIDITY AB Background: Observational studies generally showed beneficial associations between supplemental vitamin E intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk whereas intervention trials reported adverse effects of vitamin E supplements. We hypothesize that these discordant findings result from differing underlying health status of study participants in observational and intervention studies. Objective: Determine if the relation between supplemental vitamin E intake and CVD and all-cause mortality (ACM) depends on pre-existing CVD. Design: Proportional hazards regression to relate supplemental vitamin E intake to the 10-year incidence of CVD and ACM in 4270 Framingham Study participants stratified by baseline CVD status. Results: Eleven percent of participants used vitamin E supplements at baseline. In participants with preexisting CVD, there were 28 (44%) and 20 (32%) incident cases of CVD and ACM in the vitamin E supplement users versus 249 (47%) and 202 (38%) in the non-users, respectively (CVD HR, 0.90; 95% CL 0.60-1.32; ACM HR, 0.74; 95% CL, 0.46-1.17). In participants without pre-existing CVD, there were 51 (13%) and 47 (12%) cases of CVD and ACM in the vitamin E supplement group versus 428 (13%) and 342 (10%) in the non-vitamin E supplement group, respectively (CVD HR, 1.00; 95% CL, 0.75-1.34; ACM HR 1.20; 95% CL, 0.89-1.64). Conclusion: CVD status has no apparent influence on the association of supplemental vitamin E intake and risk for CVD and ACM in this large, community-based study. Further research is needed to clarify the basis for the discrepant results between intervention and observational studies of supplemental vitamin E intake. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dietrich, M.; Jacques, P. F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pencina, M. J.; Lanier, K.; Keyes, M. J.; Kaur, G.; D'Agostino, R. B.] Boston Univ, Dept Math, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Wolf, P. A.; D'Agostino, R. B.; Vasan, R. S.] NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Vasan, R. S.] Boston Univ, Prevent Med Sect, Dept Med, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Vasan, R. S.] Boston Univ, Cardiol Sect, Dept Med, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Dietrich, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mariondietric@msn.com OI Ramachandran, Vasan/0000-0001-7357-5970 FU NHLBI [NO1-HC-25195, 2 K 24 HL 04334]; NIH/NIDDK [DK07651-17, AHA 0735131N]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401] FX This work was supported by the following grants: NHLBI Contract NO1-HC-25195: 2 K 24 HL 04334 (for R.S.V.); NIH/NIDDK DK07651-17 and AHA 0735131N (for M.D.); this material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-4-401. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD AUG PY 2009 VL 205 IS 2 BP 549 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.019 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 487QI UT WOS:000269289500038 PM 19195657 ER PT J AU Hyun, YJ Jang, Y Chae, JS Kim, JY Paik, JK Kim, SY Yang, JY Ordovas, JM Ko, YG Lee, JH AF Hyun, Yae Jung Jang, Yangsoo Chae, Jey Sook Kim, Ji Young Paik, Jean Kyung Kim, So Yeon Yang, Ju Young Ordovas, Jose M. Ko, Young Guk Lee, Jong Ho TI Association of apolipoprotein A5 concentration with serum insulin and triglyceride levels and coronary artery disease in Korean men SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Apolipoprotein A5; Coronary artery disease; Triglycerides; Insulin ID ISCHEMIC-STROKE; CONFERS SUSCEPTIBILITY; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; RICH LIPOPROTEINS; PROMOTER REGION; GENE; RISK; POLYMORPHISM; MICE; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA AB Objective: Whereas the relation between apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene polymorphisms and triglycerides (TG) levels is well established, the associations between apoA5 concentrations, TG and coronary artery disease (CAD) remain controversial. Therefore, we investigated these relations in the setting of a case-control study involving Korean males. Methods: ApoA5, TG, insulin, free fatty acid (FFA) and lipoprotein profiles were determined using a cross-sectional design in 777 healthy controls and 367 CAD patients. Results: Plasma apoA5 concentration was lower in CAD patients than controls (192.7 +/- 5.2 vs. 237.2 +/- 3.7 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Values in the second and top tertiles of apoA5 were associated with a decreased odds ratio (OR) for CAD when compared with values in the bottom tertile: OR for apoA5 top tertile was 0.33 (95% CI, 0.23-0.47) in the age- and BMI-adjusted model and 0.35 (95% CI, 0.23-0.56) following additional adjustments for smoking, drinking status, blood pressure, TG and HDL-cholesterol. After adjustment for age and BMI, plasma apoA5 concentration was negatively correlated with serum TG (r = -0.188, P < 0.001) and insulin (r = -0.185, P < 0.001) in normotriglyceridemic controls (TG < 150 mg/dL, n = 509) whereas apoA5 was positively correlated with serum TG in hypertriglyceridemic controls (TG >= 150 mg/dL, n = 268) (r = 0.246, P < 0.001) and total CAD patients (r = 0.177, P < 0.01). Regardless of TG levels and CAD status, apoA5 concentration was positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol and FFA levels. Conclusions: Our data supports an inverse association between plasma apoA5 concentrations and CAD risk, probably due to the observed negative correlations of apoA5 with TGs and insulin, although these correlations were affected by TG levels. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hyun, Yae Jung; Chae, Jey Sook; Kim, Ji Young; Paik, Jean Kyung; Kim, So Yeon; Lee, Jong Ho] Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Coll Human Ecol, Natl Res Lab Clin Nutrigenet Nutrigenom, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Hyun, Yae Jung; Jang, Yangsoo; Chae, Jey Sook; Kim, Ji Young; Ko, Young Guk; Lee, Jong Ho] Yonsei Univ, Res Inst Sci Aging, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Paik, Jean Kyung; Lee, Jong Ho] Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Coll Human Ecol, Brain Korea Project 21, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Jang, Yangsoo; Ko, Young Guk] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Div Cardiol, Ctr Cardiovasc, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Jang, Yangsoo; Ko, Young Guk] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Cardiovasc Genome Ctr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Yang, Ju Young] Ilsan Hosp, Natl Hlth Insurance Corp, Div Cardiol, Ctr Cardiovasc, Goyang Si, South Korea. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Coll Human Ecol, Natl Res Lab Clin Nutrigenet Nutrigenom, 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jhleeb@yonsei.ac.kr RI Jang, Yang Soo/D-4803-2012; OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea [M10642120002-06N4212-00210, R0A-2005-000-10144-0]; Ministry of Health & Welfare Seoul, Korea [A000385]; Korea Research Foundation, Seoul, Korea [KRF-2004-042-C00156]; College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea; US Department of Agriculture Research Service, USA [58-1950-9-001]; NIH [HL54776, DK075030] FX This study was supported by (1) Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant (M10642120002-06N4212-00210), Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, (2) National Research Laboratory project #R0A-2005-000-10144-0, Ministry of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, (3) Korea Health 21 R&D Projects, Ministry of Health & Welfare (A000385), Seoul, Korea, (4) Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2004-042-C00156), Seoul, Korea, (5) Brain Korea 21 Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, and (6) Grant 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service, USA and NIH grants HL54776 and DK075030. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD AUG PY 2009 VL 205 IS 2 BP 568 EP 573 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.035 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 487QI UT WOS:000269289500041 PM 19185864 ER PT J AU Quintanar, AI Mahmood, R Motley, MV Yan, J Loughrin, J Lovanh, N AF Quintanar, Arturo I. Mahmood, Rezaul Motley, Monica V. Yan, Jun Loughrin, John Lovanh, Nanh TI Simulation of boundary layer trajectory dispersion sensitivity to soil moisture conditions: MM5 and Noah-based investigation SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MM5; HYSPLIT; Soil moisture; Wind trajectory; Air quality ID MODEL; SYSTEM AB In this study, the sensitivity of trajectory paths to anomalous soil moisture was analyzed during three different synoptic episodes in June 2006. The MM5 and Noah land surface models were used to simulate the response of the planetary boundary layer. The HYSPLIT model was used for trajectory analysis. It was found that the response in horizontal lower-level wind field was larger at regions where vertical wind velocity changes were also large. In addition, the sensitivity to soil moisture changes was significant and localized where convective activity was well developed and synoptic effects did not dominate. A non-local effect was felt over the rest of the domain where convection was not present since the model atmosphere reacted as a whole to compensate for induced changes in vertical velocity. This finding was supported by the fact that domain averaged vertical velocities changes were of the order of 0.2 cm s(-1) or less at about 650 hPa and about 200 times smaller than modeled local vertical velocity changes. The largest change in horizontal wind field near the surface was found for weak synoptic events on June 11 12 and June 22-23 while the stronger synoptic event of June 17-18 showed smaller differences. These changes in wind field conditions impacted the transport and dispersion of pollutants. To quantify the sensitivity of air quality estimates to soil moisture uncertainty, we have used three well known measures of trajectory differences: the absolute horizontal transport deviation (AHTD), the relative horizontal transport deviation (RHTD) and the absolute vertical transport deviation (AVTD) for an ensemble of 98 trajectories departing from a region well within the computational domain. For the June 11-12 event it was found that for wet and dry soil moisture experiments, AHTD, RHTD, and AVGTD can reach values in the range 60-100 km, 10-20% and 500-900 m at 24 h run time, respectively. For the June 17-18 and June 22-23 events these values of trajectory differences were reduced more than half These differences in behavior between time periods are largely attributed to the combined effects of synoptic forcing and the sensitivity of planetary boundary layer to soil moisture changes during well developed convection. The implication for air quality studies is that the soil moisture anomaly and related uncertainty in planetary boundary layer response needs to be incorporated in order to construct an ensemble of the most probable scenarios in which pollutants are released and transported throughout a given target region. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Quintanar, Arturo I.; Mahmood, Rezaul; Motley, Monica V.; Yan, Jun] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Mahmood, Rezaul] Western Kentucky Univ, Meteorol Program, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Quintanar, Arturo I.; Mahmood, Rezaul; Motley, Monica V.] Western Kentucky Univ, Kentucky Climate Ctr, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Loughrin, John; Lovanh, Nanh] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. RP Quintanar, AI (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Coll Hts Blvd, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. EM arturo.quintanar@wku.edu FU USDA [58-6445-6-068] FX This work is funded by the USDA grant#58-6445-6-068. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 43 IS 24 BP 3774 EP 3785 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.005 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 478SQ UT WOS:000268609000014 ER PT J AU Klimstra, JD Stebbins, KR Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ Kondrad, SR AF Klimstra, Jon D. Stebbins, Katherine R. Heinz, Gary H. Hoffman, David J. Kondrad, Shannon R. TI Factors related to the artificial incubation of wild bird eggs SO AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE artificial incubation; avian egg; hatching success; moisture loss ID WATER-VAPOR CONDUCTANCE; HATCHING SUCCESS; AVIAN EGG; TEMPERATURE; RESTORATION; EMBRYOS AB Attempts to artificially incubate the eggs of wild birds have failed in many respects in duplicating the success of natural incubation. As part of a larger study we had the opportunity to artificially incubate the eggs of 22 species of birds (three domestic and 19 wild species). We report the successes and failures associated with artificial incubation of these eggs. Moisture loss varied widely, not only for Orders of birds but for similar species within an Order. Overall hatching success and success through to 90% of incubation varied for different Orders and for similar species. Humidity and temperature are critical elements in the artificial incubation of wild bird eggs and must be closely monitored throughout incubation to ensure the best possible chance of hatching. Even when these elements are addressed, artificial incubation still can not duplicate the success of incubation by the parent. C1 [Klimstra, Jon D.; Stebbins, Katherine R.; Heinz, Gary H.; Hoffman, David J.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kondrad, Shannon R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Klimstra, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jon_klimstra@fws.gov FU USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center [ERP-O2D-C12] FX This research was funded by the CALFED Bay-Delta Program's Ecosystem Restoration Program (grant number ERP-O2D-C12) with additional support from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 14 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1758-1559 J9 AVIAN BIOL RES JI Avian Biol. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.3184/175815509X12473903090713 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ornithology; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA 492VW UT WOS:000269691400002 ER PT J AU Krol, M Ivanov, AG Booij-James, I Mattoo, AK Sane, PV Huner, NPA AF Krol, Marianna Ivanov, Alexander G. Booij-James, Isabelle Mattoo, Autar K. Sane, P. V. Huener, Norman P. A. TI Absence of the major light-harvesting antenna proteins alters the redox properties of photosystem II reaction centres in the chlorina F2 mutant of barley SO BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY-BIOCHIMIE ET BIOLOGIE CELLULAIRE LA English DT Article DE chlorina F2; D1; LHCII; phosphorylation; thermoluminescence ID ALGA CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; A/B-BINDING-PROTEINS; CHLOROPHYLL B-LESS; STATE TRANSITIONS; COMPLEX-II; IN-VIVO; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION; CORE PROTEINS; D1 PROTEIN AB Although the chlorina F2 mutant of barley specifically exhibits reduced levels of the major light-harvesting polypeptides associated with photosystem 11 (PSII), thermoluminescence measurements of photosystem reaction centre photochemistry revealed that S(2)/S(3)Q(B)(-) charge recombinations were shifted to lower temperatures, while the characteristic peak Of S(2)Q(A)(-) charge recombinations was shifted to higher temperatures compared with wild-type (WT) barley. Thus, we show that the absence of the major light-harvesting polypeptides affects the redox properties of PSII reaction centres. Radiolabeling studies in vivo and in vitro with [(32)P]orthophosphate or [gamma-(32)P]ATP, respectively, demonstrated that the D1 PSII reaction centre polypeptide is phosphorylated in both the WT and the F2 mutant. In contrast with the radiolabeling results, phosphorylation of D1 and other PSII proteins, although detected in WT barley, was ambiguous in the F2 mutant when the phosphothreonine antibody method of detection was used. Thus, caution must be exercised in the use of commercially available phosphothreonine antibodies to estimate thylakoid polypeptide phosphorylation. Furthermore, in membrano, the D I polypeptide of the F2 mutant was less susceptible to trypsin treatment than that of WT barley. The role of the light-harvesting complex in modulating the structure and function of the D1 polypeptide of PSII reaction centers is discussed. C1 [Krol, Marianna; Ivanov, Alexander G.; Sane, P. V.; Huener, Norman P. A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Krol, Marianna; Ivanov, Alexander G.; Sane, P. V.; Huener, Norman P. A.] Univ Western Ontario, Biotron Expt Climate Change Res Ctr, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Booij-James, Isabelle; Mattoo, Autar K.] ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Huner, NPA (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, 1151 Richmond St N, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM nhuner@uwo.ca RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011; OI Ivanov, Alexander G./0000-0001-7100-9211 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was financially supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to N.P.A.H. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0829-8211 J9 BIOCHEM CELL BIOL JI Biochem. Cell Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 87 IS 4 BP 557 EP 566 DI 10.1139/O09-013 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 493TX UT WOS:000269762100002 PM 19767820 ER PT J AU Bruck, DJ AF Bruck, Denny J. TI Impact of fungicides on Metarhizium anisopliae in the rhizosphere, bulk soil and in vitro SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Black vine weevil; Ornamentals; Nursery; Metarhizium anisopliae; Rhizosphere soil; Soil applications; Fungicide; Side effects ID BLACK VINE WEEVIL; OTIORHYNCHUS-SULCATUS COLEOPTERA; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; POTTING MEDIA; VERTICILLIUM-LECANII; F COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; PESTICIDES AB The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) is registered in the United States and The Netherlands for black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) control in container-grown ornamentals. These studies were conducted to determine the compatibility of M. anisopliae (F52) with a wide range of fungicides commonly applied to container-grown ornamentals for the management of soil-borne plant pathogens. The impact of fungicides on spore germination and mycelial growth were determined in vitro. In addition, M. anisopliae persistence in bulk and rhizosphere soil was determined 30 days following dual application of each fungicide at 7-28 days intervals as prescribed. A number of fungicides (thiophanate-methyl, dimethomorph, captan, triflumizole, triflozystrobin, pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin) inhibited spore germination in vitro. A larger number of fungicides (fosetyl-AI, thiophanate-methyl, dimethomorph, captan, quintozene, triflumizole, fludioxanil, triflozystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fludiox-mefanox, iprodione, azoxystrobin, phosphorus acid/K-salts) inhibited mycelial growth in vitro. Only three fungicides (etridiazole, propamocard and mafanoxam) had no significant impact in vitro on spore germination or mycelial growth. While a number of fungicides had a detrimental impact in vitro, there was no impact on M. anisopliae populations in bulk soil following dual application of any fungicide. However, the fungicides captan and triflumizolet, which have a short reapplication interval, had a detrimental impact on M. anisopliae populations in the rhizosphere. As researchers develop rhizosphere competence as an alternative management strategy for black vine weevil, the fungicides captan and triflumizole should be avoided. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Denny.Bruck@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture [5358-22000032-00D] FX I would like to thank Molly Albrecht and Kelly Donahue for their technical assistance in performing these experiments. This work was supported solely by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pacific West Area, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon, CRIS # 5358-22000032-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD AUG PY 2009 VL 54 IS 4 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1007/s10526-009-9213-1 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 465MP UT WOS:000267591800012 ER PT J AU Bowling, DR Massman, WJ Schaeffer, SM Burns, SP Monson, RK Williams, MW AF Bowling, D. R. Massman, W. J. Schaeffer, S. M. Burns, S. P. Monson, R. K. Williams, M. W. TI Biological and physical influences on the carbon isotope content of CO2 in a subalpine forest snowpack, Niwot Ridge, Colorado SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Microbial; Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux site; Soil respiration; Stable isotope; Winter ID TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; RESPIRED CO2; SOIL RESPIRATION; HIGH-ELEVATION; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; FREEZE-THAW; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE AB Considerable research has recently been devoted to understanding biogeochemical processes under winter snow cover, leading to enhanced appreciation of the importance of many winter ecological processes. In this study, a comprehensive investigation of the stable carbon isotope composition (delta C-13) of CO2 within a high-elevation subalpine forest snowpack was conducted. Our goals were to study the delta C-13 of biological soil respiration under snow in winter, and to assess the relative importance of diffusion and advection (ventilation by wind) for gas transport within snow. In agreement with other studies, we found evidence of an active microbial community under a roughly 1-m deep snowpack during winter and into spring as it melted. Under-snow CO2 mole fractions were observed up to 3,500 mu mol mol(-1), and delta C-13 of CO2 varied from similar to-22 to similar to-8aEuro degrees. The delta C-13 of soil respiration calculated from mixing relationships was -26 to -24aEuro degrees, and although it varied in time, it was generally close to that of the bulk organic horizon (-26.0aEuro degrees). Subnivean CO2 and delta C-13 were quite dynamic in response to changes in soil temperature, liquid water availability, and wind events. No clear biologically-induced isotopic changes were observed during periods when microbial activity and root/rhizosphere activity were expected to vary, although such changes cannot be eliminated. There was clear evidence of isotopic enrichment associated with diffusive transport as predicted by theory, but simple diffusive enrichment (4.4aEuro degrees) was not observed. Instead, ventilation of the snowpack by sustained wind events in the forest canopy led to changes in the diffusively-enriched gas profile. The isotopic influence of diffusion on gases in the snowpack and litter was greatest at greater depths, due to the decreased relative contribution of advection at depth. There were highly significant correlations between the apparent isotopic content of respiration from the soil with wind speed and pressure. In summary, physical factors influencing gas transport substantially modified and potentially obscured biological factors in their effects on delta C-13 of CO2 within this subalpine forest snowpack. C1 [Bowling, D. R.; Schaeffer, S. M.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Massman, W. J.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Burns, S. P.; Monson, R. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burns, S. P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Monson, R. K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, M. W.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, M. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bowling, DR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM bowling@biology.utah.edu RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Schaeffer, Sean/G-5071-2012 OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; FU Office of Science; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER63904]; National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR); National Science Foundation [DEB 0423662] FX This research was supported by a grant to DRB from the Office of Science ( BER), U. S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER63904. We acknowledge the additional support of a grant from the National Institute for Climate Change Research ( NICCR) Western Section to RKM, and National Science Foundation grant DEB 0423662 to the Niwot Ridge LTER program. NR 94 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 8 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD AUG PY 2009 VL 95 IS 1 BP 37 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9233-4 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 462XC UT WOS:000267390600004 ER PT J AU Toth, SF Haight, RG Snyder, SA George, S Miller, JR Gregory, MS Skibbe, AM AF Toth, Sandor F. Haight, Robert G. Snyder, Stephanie A. George, Sonney Miller, James R. Gregory, Mark S. Skibbe, Adam M. TI Reserve selection with minimum contiguous area restrictions: An application to open space protection planning in suburban Chicago SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Reserve design; Contiguity; Urban sprawl; Spatial optimization; 0-1 Programming ID PROGRAMMING APPROACH; GRASSLAND BIRDS; BREEDING BIRDS; PATCH SIZE; CONSERVATION; NETWORK; MODELS; COMPACT; FRAGMENTATION; ACQUISITION AB Conservation efforts often require site or parcel selection strategies that lead to spatially cohesive reserves. Although habitat contiguity is thought to be conducive to the persistence of many sensitive species, availability of funding and suitable land may restrict the extent to which this spatial attribute can be pursued in land management or conservation. Using optimization modeling, we explore the economic and spatial tradeoffs of retaining or restoring grassland habitat in contiguous patches of various sizes near the Chicago metropolitan area. The underlying mathematical construct is the first exact, generalized formulation that directly models spatial contiguity in optimal reserve selection. The construct allows conservation planners to analyze and weigh different minimum contiguous habitat size requirements that are to be used in specific land acquisition or retention projects. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Toth, Sandor F.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Haight, Robert G.; Snyder, Stephanie A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [George, Sonney] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller, James R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gregory, Mark S.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Skibbe, Adam M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Toth, SF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM toths@u.washington.edu; rhaight@fs.fed.us; stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us; sgp113@psu.edu; jrmillr@illinois.edu; mark.gregory@okstate.edu; askibbe@ksu.edu FU US Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX The authors thank Hayri Onal for the valuable pre-submission review and Liam M. Stacey for conceiving Eq. (8) as an alternative to describe spatially disjoint habitat patches. This research was supported by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 142 IS 8 BP 1617 EP 1627 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.037 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463DM UT WOS:000267409300008 ER PT J AU Shanley, RP Keena, M Wheeler, MM Leland, J Hajek, AE AF Shanley, Ryan P. Keena, Melody Wheeler, Micheal M. Leland, Jarrod Hajek, Ann E. TI Evaluating the virulence and longevity of non-woven fiber bands impregnated with Metarhizium anisopliae against the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; Metarhizium anisopliae; Beauveria bassiana; Beauveria brongniartii; LC(50); Fungal bands; Biological control; Entomopathogenic fungi ID JAPONICUS LACORDAIRE COLEOPTERA; BRONGNIARTII SACC PETCH; SUGI BARK BORER; BEAUVERIA-BRONGNIARTII; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGUS; MONOCHAMUS-ALTERNATUS; ARTIFICIAL DIET; SURVIVAL; BASSIANA AB Fiber bands impregnated with entomopathogenic fungi (=fungal bands) provide an effective method for controlling the invasive Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). In this study we investigated the effective longevity of fungal bands for use against A. glabilpennis, using several fungal strains. In the laboratory, adult beetles were immobilized on squares of fungal band impregnated with Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin isolate F 52 (ARSEF 7711) cultures to establish the median lethal concentration of 3.08 x 10(6) conidia/cm(2). During the summers of 2001-2004, bands impregnated with strains of M. anisopliae (2002-2004), Beauveria bassiana (2002), and Beauveria brongniartii (2001) were attached to trunks of trees in Queens, New York City to evaluate changes in densities of viable conidia over intervals of up to 119 days. The viability of conidia from bands was not associated with time in the field although total conidial density and density of viable conidia decreased with increasing,time in the field. Bioassays conducted using samples of M. anisopliae F 52 bands in field sites in 2004 demonstrated that adult A glabripennis died more quickly when exposed to higher concentrations of viable conidia. Although densities of viable conidia on bands decreased over time for all trials, they never decreased below the LC(50) estimates calculated in this study for M. anisopliae F 52. Our results demonstrate the pathogenicity of M. anisopliae F 52 fungal bands against A. glabripennis adults and show that the conidia from fungal bands can retain virulence in the field for at least 112 days. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Shanley, Ryan P.; Wheeler, Micheal M.; Hajek, Ann E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Keena, Melody] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. [Leland, Jarrod] Novozymes Biol, Salem, VA 24153 USA. RP Hajek, AE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM aeh4@cornell.edu FU New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets; Alphawood Foundation FX Field studies in Queens would have been impossible without the assistance of Matt Saucerman and Frank Buccello as well as Ming Hua Huang, Branislav Simic, and Michael Singho, all from the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets. Field samples were evaluated at Cornell by Liande Li, Jim McNeil, Katie Poole, and Alison Burke and data were summarized by Sana Gardescu. Technical assistance was generously provided during laboratory bioassays by Sana Gardescu, Joshua Hannam, Rebecca Lomachinsky, James Reilly, and Alice Vandel. We thank J. Rennells of the Northeast Regional Climate Center at Cornell University for providing weather data. Francoise Vermeylen, David Saville, Patrick Tobin and Frank Rinkevich assisted with analyses. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Field studies were funded by the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets, and both field and laboratory bioassays would not have been possible without the A. glabripennis colony supported by the Alphawood Foundation. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 94 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.03.013 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 454NK UT WOS:000266689000002 ER PT J AU Banowetz, GM Azevedo, MD Armstrong, DJ Mills, DI AF Banowetz, Gary M. Azevedo, Mark D. Armstrong, Donald J. Mills, Dallice I. TI Germination arrest factor (GAF): Part 2. Physical and chemical properties of a novel, naturally occurring herbicide produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain WH6 SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Annual bluegrass; Biocontrol; Herbicide; Rhizobacteria; Poa annua; Pseudomonas fluorescens ID PV. POAE JT-P482; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INHIBITORY PSEUDOMONADS; RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA; COTTON SEEDLINGS; SEED PRODUCTION; DOWNY BROME; DAMPING-OFF; ANNUA L.; GROWTH AB Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate WH6 and several related isolates have been shown previously to produce and secrete a novel, naturally occurring herbicide that arrests germination of the seeds of a large number of grassy weed species. The physical and chemical characteristics of this Germination Arrest Factor (GAF) have been investigated in the present study. GAF was insoluble in all organic solvents tested with the exception of methanol, in which it was moderately soluble. However, appropriate concentrations of aqueous ethanol solutions could be used to extract GAF from dried WH6 culture filtrates. GAF activity was destroyed by heating at temperatures in excess of 65 degrees C, but no obvious loss of activity was observed after exposure for several hours at room temperature to either acid or alkaline conditions within the pH range 2-12. GAF activity in the culture filtrate gradually declined during prolonged storage at 4 degrees C. Ultrafiltration and gel filtration studies indicated that GAF activity was associated with a compound or compounds having a molecular weight less than 1000. As expected from its solubility properties, GAF activity did not bind to reverse-phase materials (e.g., silica-C(18) cartridges). The very hydrophilic character of the GAF molecule suggests that it does not contain an aromatic ring structure. GAF was retained on an anion exchange column, indicating that the active molecule must contain an acid group. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Banowetz, Gary M.; Azevedo, Mark D.] USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Armstrong, Donald J.; Mills, Dallice I.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM banowetg@onid.orst.edu FU USDA CSREES Grass Seed Cropping Systems for a Sustainable Agriculture Special FX Support from the USDA CSREES Grass Seed Cropping Systems for a Sustainable Agriculture Special Grant Program is gratefully acknowledged. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.03.011 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 454NK UT WOS:000266689000003 ER PT J AU Szendrei, Z Weber, DC AF Szendrei, Zsofia Weber, Donald C. TI Response of predators to habitat manipulation in potato fields SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cover crop mulch; Coleoptera; Carabidae; Coccinellidae; Chrysomelidae; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Coleomegilla maculata; Lebia grandis ID NATURAL ENEMIES; STRAW-MULCH; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; PREY SUPPRESSION; BIODIVERSITY; INTERFERENCE; POPULATIONS; IDENTITY; STRENGTH AB Determining the impact of habitat manipulation and predator species diversity on prey suppression is crucial in developing predictions for the impact of biological control programs. Biological control literature contains controversial evidence for the impact of increased predator species diversity and habitat manipulation on prey suppression. We investigated the individual and combined effects of two predator species (Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) and Lebia grandis Hentz) on the herbivore Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) in potato fields with and without rye mulch. In surveys of the endemic populations we detected that C. maculata is approximately 16 times more abundant than L. grandis and the two predator species responded in opposite manner to the habitat manipulation treatment in potato fields: on average 35% of all C. maculata but 85% of all L. grandis collected over two field seasons were found in tilled plots vs. rye mulched plots. In field cages we investigated the effect of mulching and predator identity on L decemlineata suppression. Neither predator was influenced significantly by the presence of rye mulch. L. grandis was effective in suppressing the target prey relative to the control but C. maculata in the single species as well as in the two-species assemblages was not consistently able to suppress prey relative to the control. This study found no support for positive multi-predator effects since the two predator species assemblages performed as predicted based on the results from individual predators. Practical implications of this study suggest focusing conservation biological control efforts on L. grandis to maximize its density in L. decemlineata infested potato fields. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Szendrei, Zsofia; Weber, Donald C.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Szendrei, Z (reprint author), State Univ New Jersey, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM zsofia.szendrei@gmail.com FU Agricultural Research Service Headquarters Postdoctoral Research Associateship FX Comments of two anonymous reviewers helped to improve a previous version of this manuscript. Matt Kramer (USDA - ARS, Biometrical Consulting Service) provided valued advice on statistical procedures. We thank Leanna Kelly and Eddie Bender for help in the field work and the cages. Thanks to Dr. Galen Dively from the University of Maryland for lending us the field cages and to the USDA farm crew for managing the potato plots. Z.S. was supported by an Agricultural Research Service Headquarters Postdoctoral Research Associateship to D.C.W. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.04.003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 454NK UT WOS:000266689000006 ER PT J AU Weaver, MA Jin, X Hoagland, RE Boyette, CD AF Weaver, M. A. Jin, X. Hoagland, R. E. Boyette, C. D. TI Improved bioherbicidal efficacy by Myrothecium verrucaria via spray adjuvants or herbicide mixtures SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Bioherbicide; Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance; Biological control; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Surfactants ID SICKLEPOD SENNA-OBTUSIFOLIA; TRUMPETCREEPER CAMPSIS-RADICANS; REDVINE BRUNNICHIA-OVATA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COLLETOTRICHUM-GLOEOSPORIOIDES; HEMP SESBANIA; GLYPHOSATE; AGENT; MYCOHERBICIDE; PESTICIDES AB Herbicides and spray adjuvants were evaluated for compatibility with the bioherbicidal fungus, Myrothecium verrucaria. Several commercial formulations of glyphosate were found to be compatible for tank mixing with M. verrucaria, including Touchdown(R) and RoundUp HiTech(R). Others, such as Accord XRT II(R) and RoundUp WeatherMAX(R) killed all the spores of M. verrucaria immediately after mixing at only 10% the maximum labeled application rate. Many herbicides, which were not suitable for co-application with M. verrucaria, did not inhibit the growth of the fungus when added directly to media at up to 1% concentration, indicating that these products could be compatible with M. verrucaria as sequential applications in an integrated weed management system. Several commercially available spray adjuvants and polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether (TDA) formulations were tested in vitro for their efficiency in dispersing spores and in a plant bioassay for bioherbicidal activity. All of the products improved the activity of M. verrucaria over the water-only treatments and TDA formulations with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) number of 8 or 10 had the highest activity. The mechanism for improved bioherbicidal activity with these adjuvants was investigated in vitro, and TDA HLB 8 and 10 did not significantly improve conidia dispersal or accelerate spore germination relative to other surfactants. It is possible that the role of the surfactant is in the alteration of the plant cuticle or otherwise preparing the infection court. Better adjuvant selection and integration with affordable synthetic herbicides should aid in the development of more cost-effective biological control of weeds. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Weaver, M. A.; Hoagland, R. E.; Boyette, C. D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Jin, X.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Weaver, MA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Mark.Weaver@ars.usda.gov OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.03.007 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 454NK UT WOS:000266689000010 ER PT J AU Muratori, FB Gagne, RJ Messing, RH AF Muratori, Frederic B. Gagne, Raymond J. Messing, Russell H. TI Ecological traits of a new aphid parasitoid, Endaphis fugitiva (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and its potential for biological control of the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa (Hemiptera: Aphididae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphid; Parasitoid; Endaphis fugitiva; Cecidomyiidae; Diptera; Banana aphid; Pentalonia nigronervosa; Biological control; Behavioral ecology ID GALL-MIDGE; INSECT PARASITOIDS; SOIL TYPE; OVIPOSITION; PARAMETERS; COLEMANI; SURVIVAL; MOISTURE; IMPACT; DEPTH AB Most parasitoids of aphids are small wasps belonging to the families Braconidae or Aphelinidae. However, some dipteran parasitoids are also known to use aphids as hosts. We describe and give life-history information on a new species of aphid parasitoid, Endaphis fugitiva Gagne and Muratori, found to parasitize the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel, the vector of banana bunchy top virus. Field and laboratory observations show that fly eggs are laid on the leaves near an aphid colony, the newly hatched fly larvae search for hosts while crawling on the leaf, and then penetrate the aphid between the legs and thorax. They develop as koinobiont endoparasitoids, and eventually emerge from the aphid anus and fall to the ground to pupate in the soil. We provide data relevant to parasitoid rearing on patterns of emergence, adult longevity, and effects of pupation substrate on adult emergence rate, and we discuss the potential of this new species to contribute to the biocontrol of banana aphid in Hawaii. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Muratori, Frederic B.] Univ Catholique Louvain, Biodivers Res Ctr, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Muratori, Frederic B.; Messing, Russell H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Kauai Agr Res Ctr, Kapaa, HI 96746 USA. [Gagne, Raymond J.] Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Muratori, FB (reprint author), Univ Catholique Louvain, Biodivers Res Ctr, 4 Croix Sud, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. EM frederic.muratori@uclouvain.be FU USDA-CSREES-TSTAR (Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural Research); FNRS (Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium) FX RJ.G. thanks P. Malikul for making slide preparations, Diana Marques for electronically setting up the drawings and photographs of Figs. I and 2, and Scott D. Whittaker, SEM Laboratory manager, Smithsonian Institution, for his assistance with the scanning electron microscope. F.B.M. is deeply indebted to Sophie Borlee for her help in the field collection and laboratory work, David Damiens, Guy Boivin and Thierry Hance for stimulating discussions, and Catherine Tauber for Hemerobiidae identification. This research was supported by a grant from the USDA-CSREES-TSTAR (Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural Research) program to R.H.M. F.B.M. thanks the F.R.S-FNRS (Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgium) for financial support. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.04.007 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 454NK UT WOS:000266689000015 ER PT J AU Reeve, JR Smith, JL Carpenter-Boggs, L Reganold, JP AF Reeve, Jennifer R. Smith, Jeffrey L. Carpenter-Boggs, Lynne Reganold, John P. TI Glycine, nitrate, and ammonium uptake by classic and modern wheat varieties in a short-term microcosm study SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE Organic farming; Amino acid uptake; Wheat varieties ID AMINO-ACID BIODEGRADATION; ORGANIC NITROGEN; RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS; PLANTS; SOIL; COMPETITION; CAPTURE; ROOTS; FIELD; ARABIDOPSIS AB Plants take up nitrogen principally in the form of nitrate and ammonium; however, evidence is growing that they can also use organic N in the form of amino acids. Selecting varieties that better use organic N could be important in maximizing productivity in organic and low-input systems because these varieties may access a wider pool of available nutrients. We tested amino acid-N uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings over 24 h over a range of soil glycine concentrations. Wheat was grown in 5 ml pipette tips for 10 days prior to labeling with (14)C-labeled glycine. In a second experiment, uptake of amino acid-N relative to nitrate and ammonium was tested in three pre-1940 wheat varieties (Arco, Idaed, and Red Fife), three modern varieties (Alpowa, Madsen, and Zak), and one perennial wheat variety (unreleased). Glycine-N was detected in all shoots (with the exception of the lowest soil concentration) and increased with increasing soil concentration. There were few differences in uptake between individual varieties tested but seedlings of modern varieties were more efficient at capturing organic N than classic varieties. Glycine-N constituted between 3.9% and 8.1% of total N uptake over 24 h and constituted a significantly greater proportion of total N in perennial wheat than annual wheat varieties. These results show that there may be sufficient varietal differences in organic N uptake in wheat to warrant selection for this trait in breeding programs targeted to improving N use efficiency. C1 [Reeve, Jennifer R.] Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Climate Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Smith, Jeffrey L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Carpenter-Boggs, Lynne; Reganold, John P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Reeve, JR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Plants Soils & Climate Dept, 4820 Old Main Hill,AGS 332, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Jennifer.Reeve@usu.edu FU Organic Center; USDA-ARS FX This research was supported by the Organic Center and USDA-ARS. Many thanks to Marc Evans for statistical consulting and to Debbi Bikfasy for much needed advice and assistance in the laboratory. A special thanks to Stuart Higgins for invaluable help trouble shooting SAS code and debating statistical procedures in general, to Ron Bolton for assistance with numerous computer related problems and questions, and to Steve Jones, Julie Dawson, and Kevin Murphy from the WSU Winter Wheat Breeding Program for supplying seed, pedigrees, and advice on variety selection and interpretation of the results. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD AUG PY 2009 VL 45 IS 7 BP 723 EP 732 DI 10.1007/s00374-009-0383-x PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 477UC UT WOS:000268543400005 ER PT J AU Corbin, CJ Berger, T Ford, JJ Roselli, CE Sienkiewicz, W Trainor, BC Roser, JF Vidal, JD Harada, N Conley, AJ AF Corbin, C. J. Berger, T. Ford, J. J. Roselli, C. E. Sienkiewicz, W. Trainor, B. C. Roser, J. F. Vidal, J. D. Harada, N. Conley, A. J. TI Porcine Hypothalamic Aromatase Cytochrome P450: Isoform Characterization, Sex-Dependent Activity, Regional Expression, and Regulation by Enzyme Inhibition in Neonatal Boars SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE aromatase; brain; brain sexual differentiation; hypothalamus; isoform; neuroendocrinology; porcine; regional expression; regulation; sexual dimorphism; steroid hormones; testis ID CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PARTNER PREFERENCE; MAMMALIAN AROMATASES; ANDROGEN RECEPTORS; GONADAL ISOZYMES; BRAIN AROMATASE; GUINEA-PIG; RAT-BRAIN; BEHAVIOR; P450 AB Domestic pigs have three CYP19 genes encoding functional paralogues of the enzyme aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) that are expressed in the gonads, placenta, and preimplantation blastocyst. All catalyze estrogen synthesis, but the gonadal-type enzyme is unique in also synthesizing a nonaromatizable biopotent testosterone metabolite, 1OH-testosterone (1OH-T). P450arom is expressed in the vertebrate brain, is higher in males than females, but has not been investigated in pigs, to our knowledge. Therefore, these studies defined which of the porcine CYP19 genes was expressed, and at what level, in adult male and female hypothalamus. Regional expression was examined in mature boars, and regulation of P450arom expression in neonatal boars was investigated by inhibition of P450arom with letrozole, which is known to reprogram testicular expression. Pig hypothalami expressed the gonadal form of P450arom (redesignated the "gonadal/hypothalamic'' porcine CYP19 gene and paralogue) based on functional analysis confirmed by cloning and sequencing transcripts. Hypothalamic tissue synthesized 1OH-T and was sensitive to the selective P450arom inhibitor etomidate. Levels were 4-fold higher in male than female hypothalami, with expression in the medial preoptic area and lateral borders of the ventromedial hypothalamus of boars. In vivo, letrozole-treated neonates had increased aromatase activity in hypothalami but decreased activity in testes. Therefore, although the same CYP19 gene is expressed in both tissues, expression is regulated differently in the hypothalamus than testis. These investigations, the first such studies in pig brain to our knowledge, demonstrate unusual aspects of P450arom expression and regulation in the hypothalamus, offering promise of gaining better insight into roles of P450arom in reproductive function. C1 [Corbin, C. J.; Vidal, J. D.; Conley, A. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Berger, T.; Roser, J. F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Trainor, B. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ford, J. J.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Roselli, C. E.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Sienkiewicz, W.] Univ Warmia & Mazury, Dept Funct Morphol, Olsztyn, Poland. [Harada, N.] Fujita Hlth Univ, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan. RP Conley, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ajconley@ucdavis.edu RI Trainor, Brian/L-3618-2016 OI Trainor, Brian/0000-0002-4627-5478 FU National Research Initiative Competitive [2008-35203-19082]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) FX Supported in part by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2008-35203-19082 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 EI 1529-7268 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 81 IS 2 BP 388 EP 395 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.109.076331 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 474IP UT WOS:000268277300018 PM 19403926 ER PT J AU Lovanh, N Loughrin, JH Cook, K Rothrock, M Sistani, K AF Lovanh, Nanh Loughrin, John H. Cook, Kimberly Rothrock, Michael Sistani, Karamat TI The effect of stratification and seasonal variability on the profile of an anaerobic swine waste treatment lagoon SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WasteEng Conference 2008 CY JUN 03-05, 2008 CL Patras, GREECE SP Patras Univ, Ecole Mines dAlbi Carmaux DE DGGE; ICP; Stratification; Anaerobic lagoon; Swine ID MANURE; QUANTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; REDUCTION; DYNAMICS; LIQUOR; CATTLE; WATER AB In this study, the characterization of an anaerobic swine waste treatment lagoon from a farrowing operation (similar to 2000 sows) was carried out to examine the dynamics of the system due to stratification and seasonal variability. Swine waste samples were taken at different depths with a pulley system equipped with a special sampler that allows for sampling exclusively at certain depth. Chemicals and microbial dynamics were monitored throughout a one-year-period. Results showed that nutrient (C, N, P, S) concentrations varied according to stratified lagoon layers and season. Trace minerals (Al, Ca. Fe. and Mg), on the other hand, appeared to be affected more by stratification than seasonal variability. Molecular analysis also showed that microbial community structure appeared to be affected by the stratification and seasonal variability. Based on these data, it is important to consider the effect of stratification and seasonal variability in managing these open lagoons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lovanh, Nanh; Loughrin, John H.; Cook, Kimberly; Rothrock, Michael; Sistani, Karamat] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Lovanh, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM nanh.lovanh@ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 100 IS 15 BP 3706 EP 3712 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.024 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 452BM UT WOS:000266514600005 PM 18954977 ER PT J AU Cavagnaro, PF Senalik, D Simon, PW AF Cavagnaro, Pablo F. Senalik, Douglas Simon, Philipp W. TI SplinkBES: a splinkerette-based method for generating long end sequences from large insert DNA libraries SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE BAC end sequence; splinkerette; Daucus carota; BAC library ID BAC-ENDS; PHYSICAL MAP; GENOME; PROJECT; CANCER AB We report on the development of a novel splinkerette-based method for generating long end sequences from large insert library clones, using a carrot (Daucus carota L.) BAC library as a model. The procedure involves digestion of the BAC DNA with a 6-bp restriction enzyme, followed by ligation of splinkerette adaptors that serve as primer-annealing sites for PCR amplification of the BAC ends. The resulting amplicons are sequenced from both directions, and when overlapping, the pairs of sequences are assembled, originating two types of BAC end sequences (BESs): ungapped and gapped. The average sequence length for ungapped and gapped BESs was 698 and 1055 nucleotides, respectively, with an overall average length of 838 nucleotides. This is considerably higher than the average length typically obtained by direct end sequencing. Through the analysis of actual and in silico-generated BES of different lengths from carrot and five model organisms, we demonstrated that longer BESs are more informative, since they had more matches to the GenBank database and contained more simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A pilot high-throughput procedure is proposed for splinkerette-based end sequencing (SplinkBES). This method may contribute to generating more robust BES analysis and provide a richer source of BES-derived markers for genomics, mapping, and breeding. C1 [Senalik, Douglas; Simon, Philipp W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA, ARS,Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cavagnaro, Pablo F.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Mendoza, Argentina. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA, ARS,Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@wisc.edu FU Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture FX The authors gratefully acknowledge H.R. Kim for valuable advice on the BAC DNA extraction procedure and end sequencing. This work was supported by the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 EI 1940-9818 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 2 BP 681 EP + DI 10.2144/000113122 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 482YR UT WOS:000268927300007 PM 19737131 ER PT J AU Dietrich, D Crooks, C AF Dietrich, Diane Crooks, Casey TI Gene cloning and heterologous expression of pyranose 2-oxidase from the brown-rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Gene cloning; Gloeophyllum trabeum; Glucose oxidase; Pyranose 2-oxidase ID TRAMETES-MULTICOLOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OXIDASE; PURIFICATION; CDNA AB A pyranose 2-oxidase gene from the brown-rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum was isolated using homology-based degenerate PCR. The gene structure was determined and compared to that of several pyranose 2-oxidases cloned from white-rot fungi. The G. trabeum pyranose 2-oxidase gene consists of 16 coding exons with canonical promoter CAAT and TATA elements in the 5'UTR. The corresponding G. trabeum cDNA was cloned and contains an ORF of 1,962 base pairs encoding a 653 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 72 kDa. A Hisx6 tagged recombinant G. trabeum pyranose 2-oxidase was generated and expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli yielding 15 U enzyme activity per ml of induced culture. Structural alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed and are discussed. C1 [Dietrich, Diane; Crooks, Casey] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Crooks, C (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM ccrooks@fs.fed.us FU USDA [FPL RWU-4517] FX We thank Phil Kerston for advice and discussions and Amber Vanden Wymelenberg for technical advice. This work was supported by financially supported by USDA FPL RWU-4517. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1223 EP 1228 DI 10.1007/s10529-009-9983-7 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 470TB UT WOS:000268002100015 PM 19343506 ER PT J AU Reyes, M Franck, P Olivares, J Margaritopoulos, J Knight, A Sauphanor, B AF Reyes, M. Franck, P. Olivares, J. Margaritopoulos, J. Knight, A. Sauphanor, B. TI Worldwide variability of insecticide resistance mechanisms in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE detoxifying enzymes; insecticide resistance mechanisms; apple; pest management ID CENTRAL CHILE; POPULATIONS; DROSOPHILA; MUTATIONS; LARVAE AB The activity of detoxifying enzymes (glutathione-S-transferases (GST), mixed-function oxidases (MFO), and esterases (EST)) and the presence of insensitive variants of target proteins (sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase) were examined in individual male and female codling moths. Twenty-nine populations from 11 countries and two laboratory strains were examined. Populations were classified as either unsprayed or sprayed. The ranges of enzyme activities across field populations varied 15-fold, 485-fold and fourfold for GST, MFO and EST, respectively. MFO was the only enzyme whose activity differed in 1 binomial classification of orchards based on their spray history. Few differences in enzyme activities were found due to sex among populations; and, in these cases, males had higher GST and lower MFO and EST activities than females. Activities of the three enzymatic systems across all Populations were positively correlated. Populations from Greece, Argentina and Uruguay had significant percentages of moths with elevated GST and MFO activities. The co-occurrence of moths expressing both elevated MFO and low EST activities was found in conventional orchards from the Czech Republic and France. Chile was the only Country where Populations from treated orchards did not include a significant proportion of individuals with enhanced enzyme activity. The kdr mutation was found at significant levels in ten Populations from five countries, including all French and Argentinean populations. The mutation in AChE was only detected in the Spanish Population. C1 [Reyes, M.] Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Agr, Inst Prod & Protecc Vegetal, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. [Franck, P.; Olivares, J.; Sauphanor, B.] INRA, Ecol Prod Integree, Plantes & Syst Culture Hort, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. [Margaritopoulos, J.] Univ Thessaly, Dept Biochem & Biotechnol, Larisa 41221, Greece. [Knight, A.] ARS, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Reyes, M (reprint author), Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Agr, Inst Prod & Protecc Vegetal, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile. EM mrreyes@uach.cl OI Franck, Pierre/0000-0002-1904-8325 FU Comision Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONICYT); Embassy of France in Santiago, Chile FX Maritza Reyes is grateful to the Comision Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONICYT) and the Embassy of France in Santiago, Chile for her doctoral fellowship. We would like to thank our colleagues from Argentina (Leandro Pisano, Bayer CropScience, Rio Negro), Bulgaria (Nionka Velcheva, Plant Protection Institute, Ploidiv), Chile (Wilson Barros and Cristian Munoz, Universidad de Talca, Talca), Czech Republic (Jitka Stara, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague), Greece (Kostas Vourouris, University of Thessaly, Larissa), New Zealand (Jim Walker, HortResearch Hawke's Bay, Havelock North), Spain (Dolors Bosch, Marcela Rodriguez and Jesus Avilla, UdL-IRTA, Lerida), South Africa (Peter Zeier, Bayer CropScience, Stellenbosch), Uruguay (Cesar Basso, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo) and the United States (Duane Larson, US Department of Agriculture, Wapato, WA) for their help in the collection of C. pomonella samples. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 EI 1475-2670 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 99 IS 4 BP 359 EP 369 DI 10.1017/S0007485308006366 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 471WH UT WOS:000268088500004 PM 19063757 ER PT J AU Essery, R Rutter, N Pomeroy, J Baxter, R Stahli, M Gustafsson, D Barr, A Bartlett, P Elder, K AF Essery, Richard Rutter, Nick Pomeroy, John Baxter, Robert Stahli, Manfred Gustafsson, David Barr, Alan Bartlett, Paul Elder, Kelly TI An Evaluation of Forest Snow Process Simulations SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; LAND-SURFACE; BOREAL FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; ENERGY-BALANCE; NORTH-AMERICA AB The Northern Hemisphere has large areas that are forested and seasonally snow covered. Compared with open areas, forest canopies strongly influence interactions between the atmosphere and snow on the ground by sheltering the snow from wind and solar radiation and by intercepting falling snow; these influences have important consequences for the meteorology, hydrology, and ecology of forests. Many of the land surface models used in meteorological and hydrological forecasting now include representations of canopy snow processes, but these have not been widely tested in comparison with observations. Phase 2 of the Snow Model Intercomparison Project (SnowMIP2) was therefore designed as an intercomparison of surface mass and energy balance simulations for snow in forested areas. Model forcing and calibration data for sites with paired forested and open plots were supplied to modeling groups. Participants in 11 countries contributed output from 33 models, and the results are published here for sites in Canada, the United States, and Switzerland. On average, the models perform fairly well in simulating snow accumulation and ablation, although there is a wide intermodal spread and a tendency to underestimate differences in snow mass between open and forested areas. Most models capture the large differences in surface albedos and temperatures between forest canopies and open snow well. There is, however, a strong tendency for models to underestimate soil temperature under snow, particularly for forest sites, and this would have large consequences for simulations of runoff and biological processes in the soil. C1 [Essery, Richard] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rutter, Nick] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Pomeroy, John] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Baxter, Robert] Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham, England. [Stahli, Manfred] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Gustafsson, David] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Land & Water Resources Engn, Stockholm, Sweden. [Barr, Alan] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Bartlett, Paul] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Elder, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Essery, R (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. EM richard.essery@ed.ac.uk RI Gustafsson, David/G-6729-2012; Pomeroy, John/A-8589-2013; Stahli, Manfred/E-3903-2013; Rutter, Nick/F-6998-2014; Baxter, Robert/C-7688-2012; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014 OI Pomeroy, John/0000-0002-4782-7457; Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095; Rutter, Nick/0000-0002-5008-3575; Baxter, Robert/0000-0002-7504-6797; NR 77 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1120 EP + DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2629.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 500AK UT WOS:000270269100007 ER PT J AU Mora, CR Schimleck, LR Isik, F Mahon, JM Clark, A Daniels, RF AF Mora, Christian R. Schimleck, Laurence R. Isik, Fikret Mahon, Jerry M., Jr. Clark, Alexander, III Daniels, Richard F. TI Relationships between acoustic variables and different measures of stiffness in standing Pinus taeda trees SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; WOOD STIFFNESS; NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION; RADIATA PINE; VELOCITY; DENSITY; LOGS; MODULUS; QUALITY; ELASTICITY AB Acoustic tools are increasingly used to estimate standing-tree (dynamic) stiffness; however, such techniques overestimate static stiffness, the standard measurement for determining modulus of elasticity (MOE) of wood. This study aimed to identify correction methods for standing-tree estimates making dynamic and static stiffness comparable. Sixty Pinus taeda L. trees, ranging from 14 to 19 years old, obtained from genetic tests established in the southeastern United States, were analyzed. Standing-tree acoustic velocities were measured using the TreeSonic tool. Acoustic velocities were also recorded in butt logs cut from the same trees using the Director HM200. A strong but biased relationship between tree and log velocities was observed, with tree velocities 32% higher (on average) than the corresponding log velocities. Two correction methods, one for calibrating tree velocities and one for accounting for differences in wood moisture content, were used to determine an adjusted MOE. After correction, adjusted MOE estimates were in good agreement with static longitudinal MOE values measured on clearwood specimens obtained from the trees, and no systematic bias was observed. The results of this study show that acoustic estimates of MOE on standing trees largely depend on how the data are processed and the reference method used. C1 [Mora, Christian R.; Schimleck, Laurence R.; Mahon, Jerry M., Jr.; Daniels, Richard F.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Schimleck, Laurence R.; Clark, Alexander, III; Daniels, Richard F.] Univ Georgia, Wood Qual Consortium, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Isik, Fikret] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Clark, Alexander, III] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Mora, CR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM morac@warnell.uga.edu FU USDA Forest Service Agenda 2020; Wood Quality Consortium of the University of Georgia; USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station; North Carolina State University Cooperative Tree Improvement Program FX This research was supported by an USDA Forest Service Agenda 2020 grant. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Wood Quality Consortium of the University of Georgia, the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, and the North Carolina State University Cooperative Tree Improvement Program. The first author thanks Bioforest S. A. for the support to complete this work. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1421 EP 1429 DI 10.1139/X09-062 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 488FU UT WOS:000269335400001 ER PT J AU Doucette, JS Stiteler, WM Quackenbush, LJ Walton, JT AF Doucette, Jarrod S. Stiteler, William M. Quackenbush, Lindi J. Walton, Jeffrey T. TI A rules-based approach for predicting the eastern hemlock component of forests in the northeastern United States SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB The expanding threat of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) infestation has generated interest in locating eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.). Prior studies have incorporated remotely sensed imagery to detect eastern hemlock presence or absence. The goal of this study was to develop methodology to quantify hemlock abundance using software and data accessible to forest managers. Three seasons of Landsat ETM+ scenes served as the imagery basis, whereas simple (slope, aspect, and curvature) and detailed (heat and wetness) environmental indices were extracted from a digital elevation model. Three hundred and forty-nine forest plots representing the typical forest cover found in the Catskill Mountain Region, New York, served as ground reference; model input used the percentage of hemlock basal area for each plot. The models generally underpredicted in plots with substantial hemlock composition, whereas overpredictions mainly occurred in mixed forests that lacked hemlock. Underpredictions negated overpredictions in mixed hemlock deciduous forests resulting in a neutral model. Correlation coefficients ranged from a high of 0.67 for the model created from three Landsat images to a low of 0.01 for the heat and wetness indices model. Although the models were typically within 10% of field measurements, there was no overall benefit in including topographic indices for mapping hemlock abundance. C1 [Doucette, Jarrod S.; Stiteler, William M.; Quackenbush, Lindi J.] SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Walton, Jeffrey T.] SUNY, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn,Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Quackenbush, LJ (reprint author), SUNY, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM ljquack@esf.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry; New York Department of Environmental Conservation FX We thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for funding this project; the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry for providing facilities and resources; the New York Department of Environmental Conservation for access to forest lands; the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station's Urban Forest Research Unit in Syracuse, New York, for providing Landsat ETM+ imagery; Stephen Stehman for assistance with the accuracy assessment; and Mark Storrings and John Felleman for their comments on this manuscript. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1453 EP 1464 DI 10.1139/X09-060 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 488FU UT WOS:000269335400004 ER PT J AU Slesak, RA Schoenholtz, SH Harrington, TB Strahm, BD AF Slesak, Robert A. Schoenholtz, Stephen H. Harrington, Timothy B. Strahm, Brian D. TI Dissolved carbon and nitrogen leaching following variable logging-debris retention and competing-vegetation control in Douglas-fir plantations of western Oregon and Washington SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MANAGED FOREST PLANTATIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL SOLUTION; SUSTAINED PRODUCTIVITY; PINUS-RADIATA; UNITED-STATES; WHOLE-TREE; CLEAR-CUT; GROWTH; WATER AB We examined the effect of logging-debris retention and competing-vegetation control (CVC, initial or annual applications) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen, and nitrate-N leaching to determine the relative potential of these practices to contribute to soil C and N loss at two contrasting sites. Annual CVC resulted in higher soil water nitrate-N concentration and flux, with the magnitude and duration of the effect greatest at the high-N site. Most of the increase in nitrate-N at the low-N site occurred in treatments where logging debris was retained. Dissolved organic nitrogen increased at the high-N site in March of each year following annual CVC, but the contribution of this increase to total N concentration was small (2%-4% of total N flux). There was no effect of logging-debris retention or CVC treatment on soil water DOC concentrations, indicating that DOC inputs from logging debris and competing vegetation were either retained or consumed in the mineral soil. The estimated increase in leaching flux of dissolved C and N associated with the treatments was low relative to total soil pools, making it unlikely that loss of these elements via leaching will negatively affect future soil productivity at these sites. C1 [Slesak, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schoenholtz, Stephen H.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Harrington, Timothy B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Strahm, Brian D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Slesak, RA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, 204 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM slesa003@umn.edu FU Pacific Northwest Research Station FX This is a product of the sustainable forestry component of Agenda 2020, a joint effort of the USDA Forest Service Research and Development and the American Forest and Paper Association. Funds were provided by the Pacific Northwest Research Station. Research partners included Green Diamond Resource Company, Port Blakely Tree Farms LLC, Oregon State University, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Machelle Nelson and Don Streeter in sample preparation and analysis. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1484 EP 1497 DI 10.1139/X09-067 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 488FU UT WOS:000269335400007 ER PT J AU Poage, NJ Weisberg, PJ Impara, PC Tappeiner, JC Sensenig, TS AF Poage, Nathan J. Weisberg, Peter J. Impara, Peter C. Tappeiner, John C. Sensenig, Thomas S. TI Influences of climate, fire, and topography on contemporary age structure patterns of Douglas-fir at 205 old forest sites in western Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GROWTH FORESTS; ESTABLISHMENT; STAND; SIZE; USA AB Knowledge of forest development is basic to understanding the ecology, dynamics, and management of forest ecosystems. We hypothesized that the age structure patterns of Douglas-fir at 205 old forest sites in western Oregon are extremely variable with long and (or) multiple establishment periods common, and that these patterns reflect variation in regional-scale climate, landscape-scale topography, and landscape-scale fire history. We used establishment dates for 5892 individual Douglas-firs from these sites to test these hypotheses. We identified four groups of old forest sites with fundamentally different Douglas-fir age structure patterns. Long and (or) multiple establishment periods were common to all groups. One group described old forests characterized by substantial establishment from the early 1500s to the mid-1600s, with decreasing establishment thereafter. Another group was characterized by peaks of establishment in the middle to late 1600s and in the late 1800s and early 1900s. A third group was characterized by a small peak of establishment in the mid-1500s and a larger peak in the middle to late 1800s. Characteristic of the fourth group was the extended period of Douglas-fir establishment from the late 1600s to the late 1800s. Group membership was explained moderately well by contemporary, regional climatic variables and landscape-scale fire history, but only weakly by landscape-scale topography. C1 [Poage, Nathan J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Weisberg, Peter J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Impara, Peter C.] Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. [Tappeiner, John C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sensenig, Thomas S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Medford, OR 97501 USA. RP Poage, NJ (reprint author), Poages Black Inc, 4930 SE 61st Ave, Portland, OR 97206 USA. EM poagesblackinc@gmail.com FU Oregon State University; USDI Bureau of Land Management FX We are greatly appreciative of the comments and suggestions made by Paul Anderson, Jerry Franklin, Miles Hemstrom, Robert Pabst, and Thomas Spies on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We wish to acknowledge the efforts of several anonymous reviewers whose comments have improved the manuscript. Support for this research was provided through the Resource Management and Productivity Program of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, the Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center of the USDI Geological Survey, the Cooperative Forest Ecosystem Research program at Oregon State University, and the USDI Bureau of Land Management. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1518 EP 1530 DI 10.1139/X09-071 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 488FU UT WOS:000269335400010 ER PT J AU Le Marchand, L White, KK Nomura, AMY Wilkens, LR Selhub, JS Tiirikainen, M Goodman, MT Murphy, SP Henderson, BE Kolonel, LN AF Le Marchand, Loic White, Kami K. Nomura, Abraham M. Y. Wilkens, Lynne R. Selhub, Jacob S. Tiirikainen, Maarit Goodman, Marc T. Murphy, Suzanne P. Henderson, Brian E. Kolonel, Laurence N. TI Plasma Levels of B Vitamins and Colorectal Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COLON TUMORIGENESIS; FOLATE; HOMOCYSTEINE; WOMEN; SUPPLEMENTATION; POLYMORPHISM; ASSOCIATION; ADENOMAS AB B vitamins, such as folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, play an important role as coenzymes in one-carbon metabolism and may affect colorectal cancer risk. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the relationships of plasma folate, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP, the active form of vitamin B6), vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, and cysteine with colorectal cancer risk, accounting for suspected modifiers (alcohol intake, MTHFR C677T genotype, and plasma C-reactive protein) and potential confounders. We conducted a case-control study nested within the Multiethnic Cohort study and analyzed prospectively collected blood samples from 224 incident colorectal cancer cases and 411 controls matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity, study site, date/time of blood draw, and hours of fasting. We found an inverse association between plasma PLP levels and colorectal cancer, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for increasing quartiles of 1.00, 0.84 (0.51-1.40), 0.62 (0.37-1.03), and 0.49 (0.29-0.83), with P trend = 0.009. This association was not explained by an association with plasma folate, seemed to be stronger at low levels of alcohol intake and among individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype, and was independent of plasma C-reactive protein levels. An inverse association with plasma folate was also observed among individuals with a low level of alcohol intake. These data suggest an independent role for vitamin B6 in reducing colorectal cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2195-201) C1 [Le Marchand, Loic] Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Program Epidemiol, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Selhub, Jacob S.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Henderson, Brian E.] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Le Marchand, L (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Program Epidemiol, 1236 Lauhala St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM Loic@crch.hawaii.edu OI Tiirikainen, Maarit/0000-0002-8124-3818 FU National Cancer Institute [P01 CA33619, R37 CA54281]; NIH, Department of Health and Human services [N01-PC-35137, N01-PC-35139] FX Grant support: National Cancer Institute Grants P01 CA33619 and R37 CA54281, and contracts N01-PC-35137 and N01-PC-35139 from the NIH, Department of Health and Human services. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 18 IS 8 BP 2195 EP 2201 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0141 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 483IW UT WOS:000268958600008 PM 19661077 ER PT J AU Gimsing, AL Baelum, J Dayan, FE Locke, MA Sejero, LH Jacobsen, CS AF Gimsing, Anne Louise Baelum, Jacob Dayan, Franck E. Locke, Martin A. Sejero, Lisbeth Hanefeld Jacobsen, Carsten Suhr TI Mineralization of the allelochemical sorgoleone in soil SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Lipid benzoquinone; Sorgoleone; Sorghum; Allelopathy; Soil fate ID SORGHUM-BICOLOR; INHIBITORY-ACTIVITY; DEGRADATION; CAPACITY; STORAGE; SURFACE; FATE AB The allelochemical sorgoleone is produced in and released from the root hairs of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Studies have confirmed that it is the release of sorgoleone that causes the phytotoxic properties of sorghum, and sorgoleone has a potential to become a new natural herbicide, or the weed suppressive activity of sorghum can be utilized in integrated weed management. Since sorgoleone is released into soil, knowledge of the fate of sorgoleone in soil is essential if it is to be utilized as an herbicide. Fate studies will characterize the persistence and mobility of the compound. Three types of radioactively labelled sorgoleone were produced and used to study mineralization (complete degradation to CO(2)) of this lipid benzoquinone in four soils. two from the United States of America (Mississippi) and two from Denmark. The studies showed that sorgoleone was mineralized in all soils tested. The methoxy group of sorgoleone was readily mineralized, whereas mineralization of the remaining molecule was slower. Mineralization kinetics indicated that microorganisms in American soils were able to use sorgoleone as a source of energy. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gimsing, Anne Louise; Sejero, Lisbeth Hanefeld; Jacobsen, Carsten Suhr] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Life Sci, Dept Basic Sci & Environm, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Gimsing, Anne Louise; Baelum, Jacob; Jacobsen, Carsten Suhr] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Dept Geochem, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dayan, Franck E.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS USA. [Locke, Martin A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, Oxford, MS USA. RP Gimsing, AL (reprint author), Cleanfield, Mesterlodden 36, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark. EM alg@cleanfield.com RI Balum, Jacob/I-2353-2013; Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009; OI Balum, Jacob/0000-0002-1022-6586; Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499; Gimsing, Anne Louise/0000-0003-2240-7971 FU The Carlsberg Foundation; Danish Research Council for Technology and Production FX The Carlsberg Foundation and the Danish Research Council for Technology and Production are thanked for their financial support. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2009 VL 76 IS 8 BP 1041 EP 1047 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.048 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487SE UT WOS:000269294900005 PM 19493559 ER PT J AU Brooks, RT AF Brooks, Robert T. TI Potential impacts of global climate change on the hydrology and ecology of ephemeral freshwater systems of the forests of the northeastern United States SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Review ID VERNAL POOL HYDROLOGY; INTERMITTENT-STREAM HABITAT; NORTHERN PRAIRIE WETLANDS; HEADWATER STREAMS; NEW-ENGLAND; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; CENTRAL MINNESOTA; REGIONAL-ANALYSIS AB Global, national, and regional assessments of the potential effects of Global Climate Change (GCC) have been recently released, but not one of these assessments has specifically addressed the critical issue of the potential impacts of GCC on ephemeral freshwater systems (EFS). I suggest that this is a major oversight as EFS occur in various forms across the globe. In the northeastern United States, these systems, whether ephemeral ("vernal") pools or ephemeral or intermittent headwater streams are abundant and provide unique habitats critical to the maintenance of forest biodiversity. Since the hydrology of these waterbodies is strongly affected by weather patterns (in the short-term) or climate (long-term), they are especially sensitive to climate change. In this essay, I review the literature on relationships between climate and hydrology of EFS and on relationships between hydrology and ecology of these systems. I then conclude with my assessment of potential impacts of GCC on the hydrology of EFS and implications for their ecology. The focus of this essay will be on EFS of the forests of the northeastern United States, but will include literature from other regions as they relate to the general relationships between GCC and EFS. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Brooks, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 201 Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rtbrooks@fs.fed.us RI Brooks, Robert/E-9955-2011 FU U.S. Forest Service's Northern Global Change Research program FX I very much appreciate the constructive reviews of early drafts of this manuscript by K. Nislow, A. Calhoun, and W. Lowe. The initial support for the author's research on climate and vernal pools was provided by the U.S. Forest Service's Northern Global Change Research program. NR 129 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 9 U2 165 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 2009 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 469 EP 483 DI 10.1007/s10584-008-9531-9 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 474AT UT WOS:000268255300013 ER PT J AU Thacker, TC Palmer, MV Waters, WR AF Thacker, Tyler C. Palmer, Mitchell V. Waters, W. Ray TI T-Cell mRNA Expression in Response to Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination and Mycobacterium bovis Infection of White-Tailed Deer SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; MICHIGAN WILDLIFE; GAMMA-INTERFERON; CALMETTE-GUERIN; IFN-GAMMA; CATTLE; MODEL AB Understanding immune responses of white-tailed deer (WTD) to infection with Mycobacterium bovis provides insight into mechanisms of pathogen control and may provide clues to development of effective vaccine strategies. WTD were vaccinated with either M. bovis BCG strain Pasteur or BCG strain Danish. Both vaccinees and unvaccinated controls were subsequently inoculated with virulent M. bovis via the intratonsillar route. Real-time PCR was used to assess T-cell mRNA expression in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from animals following vaccination and infection. Recall T-cell responses were measured by assessing the relative expression of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), T-cell-specific T-box transcription factor (Tbet), interleukin 12p40 (IL-12p40), IL-12p35, IL-23p19, FoxP3, IL-17, and GATA3 in PBL stimulated in vitro with purified protein derivative (PPD) of M. bovis or a recombinant fusion protein, ESAT6-CFP10. Animals vaccinated with BCG Danish expressed more IFN-gamma and Tbet than either BCG Pasteur-vaccinated animals or unvaccinated controls. BCG Pasteur-vaccinated animals expressed more GATA3 than either group. After infection, unvaccinated controls expressed more Tbet and IL-12p40 than vaccinated animals. BCG Pasteur-vaccinated animals expressed more GATA3 than either the unvaccinated controls or the BCG Danish-vaccinated animals after infection. Animals were divided into pathology groups to correlate gene expression with severity of pathology. Animals in the visible lesion group expressed more Tbet and IFN-gamma than animals that were culture negative, while Tbet and IFN-gamma expression in the culture-positive, no-visible-lesion group was intermediate. GATA3 expression inversely correlated with pathology. Overall, expression of immune response genes correlated more closely with pathology than vaccination treatment. C1 [Thacker, Tyler C.; Palmer, Mitchell V.; Waters, W. Ray] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Thacker, TC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tyler.thacker@ars.usda.gov OI Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1139 EP 1145 DI 10.1128/CVI.00424-08 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476PX UT WOS:000268455800007 PM 19515866 ER PT J AU Alves, MP Guzylack-Piriou, L Juillard, V Audonnet, JC Doel, T Dawson, H Golde, WT Gerber, H Peduto, N McCullough, KC Summerfield, A AF Alves, M. P. Guzylack-Piriou, L. Juillard, V. Audonnet, J. -C. Doel, T. Dawson, H. Golde, W. T. Gerber, H. Peduto, N. McCullough, K. C. Summerfield, A. TI Innate Immune Defenses Induced by CpG Do Not Promote Vaccine-Induced Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY VACCINATION; INTERFERON-ALPHA; CONTACT TRANSMISSION; SUBUNIT VACCINE; OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE; INFECTION; RESPONSES; MICE; DNA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES AB Emergency vaccination as part of the control strategies against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has the potential to limit virus spread and reduce large-scale culling. To reduce the time between vaccination and the onset of immunity, immunostimulatory CpG was tested for its capacity to promote early protection against FMDV challenge in pigs. To this end, CpG 2142, an efficient inducer of alpha interferon, was injected intramuscularly. Increased transcription of Mx1, OAS, and IRF-7 was identified as a sensitive measurement of CpG-induced innate immunity, with increased levels detectable to at least 4 days after injection of CpG formulated with Emulsigen. Despite this, CpG combined with an FMD vaccine did not promote protection. Pigs vaccinated 2 days before challenge had disease development, which was at least as acute as that of unvaccinated controls. All pigs vaccinated 7 days before challenge were protected without a noticeable effect of CpG. In summary, our results demonstrate the caution required when translating findings from mouse models to natural hosts of FMDV. C1 [Alves, M. P.; Guzylack-Piriou, L.; Gerber, H.; Peduto, N.; McCullough, K. C.; Summerfield, A.] Inst Virol & Immunoprophylaxis, CH-3147 Mittelhausern, Switzerland. [Juillard, V.; Audonnet, J. -C.] Merial SAS, Discovery Res, F-69342 Lyon 07, France. [Dawson, H.] USDA, Diet Gen & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Golde, W. T.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foot & Mouth Dis Unit, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Doel, T.] Merial Anim Hlth Ltd, Pirbright, England. RP Summerfield, A (reprint author), Inst Virol & Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstr 293, CH-3147 Mittelhausern, Switzerland. EM artur.summerfield@ivi.admin.ch RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013; OI Summerfield, Artur/0000-0001-8292-4634 FU State Secretariat for Education and Research [03. 0519]; EU [FP6 503603] FX This work was supported by the State Secretariat for Education and Research ( grant no. 03. 0519 linked to EU project FMD-Improcon FP6 503603). NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1151 EP 1157 DI 10.1128/CVI.00018-09 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476PX UT WOS:000268455800009 PM 19553550 ER PT J AU Schiller, I Waters, WR Vordermeier, HM Nonnecke, B Welsh, M Keck, N Whelan, A Sigafoose, T Stamm, C Palmer, M Thacker, T Hardegger, R Marg-Haufe, B Raeber, A Oesch, B AF Schiller, Irene Waters, W. Ray Vordermeier, H. Martin Nonnecke, Brian Welsh, Michael Keck, Nicolas Whelan, Adam Sigafoose, Teresa Stamm, Christoph Palmer, Mitchell Thacker, Tyler Hardegger, Roland Marg-Haufe, Beatrice Raeber, Alex Oesch, Bruno TI Optimization of a Whole-Blood Gamma Interferon Assay for Detection of Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUBERCULOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; SENSITIVITY; RESPONSES; CULTURE; TESTS AB Antigens of Mycobacterium bovis elicit a cell-mediated immune response upon intradermal injection in cattle. In vitro, such antigens stimulate the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) by bovine T cells in whole-blood culture (IFN-gamma assay). We have analyzed various parameters of the in vitro IFN-gamma assay, ranging from blood sampling to execution of the IFN-gamma test, in view of potential simplifications of the assay. Here, we show that IFN-gamma responses may be reduced under certain animal handling/holding conditions and that a delayed time from blood collection to culture may lead to a reduced in vitro IFN-gamma response. Delayed initiation of culture in a purified-protein-derivative-based assay (24 h compared to 8 h after blood collection), however, resulted in a significant improvement of specificity (97% compared to 85%), whereas there was only a modest reduction of sensitivity (from 96% to 90%), which was statistically not significant. Furthermore, we show that the stimulation temperature needs to be 33 degrees C or higher; that carbon dioxide is not required for stimulation; and that various plate formats, ranging from 24 to 96 wells per plate, can be utilized. The produced IFN-gamma is stable at 4 degrees C for 28 days as well as after repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Thus, stimulation of samples may be initiated in the field without the need for a carbon dioxide source, and bovine IFN-gamma is stable under various routine laboratory temperature scenarios. These findings demonstrate opportunities for improvements in the bovine IFN-gamma test platform and flexibilities in test application. C1 [Schiller, Irene; Stamm, Christoph; Hardegger, Roland; Marg-Haufe, Beatrice; Raeber, Alex; Oesch, Bruno] Prionics AG, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. [Waters, W. Ray; Nonnecke, Brian; Palmer, Mitchell; Thacker, Tyler] ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Vordermeier, H. Martin; Whelan, Adam] Vet Lab Agcy, Addlestone, Surrey, England. [Welsh, Michael] AFBI, Vet Sci Div, Stormont, England. [Keck, Nicolas] Lab Dept Vet Herault, Montpellier, France. [Sigafoose, Teresa] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Oesch, B (reprint author), Prionics AG, Wagistr 27A, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. EM Bruno.oesch@prionics.com RI Whelan, Adam/C-9497-2011; Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; OI Keck, Nicolas/0000-0001-7260-5293; Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1196 EP 1202 DI 10.1128/CVI.00150-09 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476PX UT WOS:000268455800014 PM 19571108 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN Hamer, DH AF Meydani, Simin Nikbin Hamer, Davidson H. TI Zinc Supplementation in Elderly Nursing Home Residents SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Hamer, Davidson H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Sackler Grad Sch Biochem Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Hamer, Davidson H.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu OI Hamer, Davidson/0000-0002-4700-1495 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 479 EP 479 DI 10.1086/600819 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 468LK UT WOS:000267819700027 PM 19586397 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Bilodeau-Bourgeois, AL Small, BC AF Peterson, B. C. Bilodeau-Bourgeois, A. L. Small, B. C. TI Response of the somatotropic axis to alterations in feed intake of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GH; GHR; IGF-I; IGF-IRa; SS-14; SS-22; Catfish ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; RAINBOW-TROUT; IGF-I; COHO SALMON; HORMONE LEVELS; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; CARASSIUS-AURATUS AB To better understand the effects of reduced feeding frequency on the GH-IGF-I axis, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), were either fed (Fed control, commercial diet fed daily), fed every other day (FEOD, commercial diet fed every other day), or not fed (Unfed, no feed). Pituitary GH mRNA increased whereas hepatic growth hormone receptor (GHR), IGF-I mRNA, and plasma lGF-I decreased in the FEOD and Unfed fish (P<0.05). In another study, fish were either continually fed (Fed) or fasted and then re-fed (Restricted) to examine the physiological regulation of somatostatin-14 (SS-14) and SS-22 mRNA. Fasting increased (P<0.05) levels of SS-14 mRNA in the hypothalamus and pancreatic islets (Brockmann bodies) at d 30 while re-feeding decreased SS-14 mRNA to control values in all tissues examined by d 45. Fasting had no effect on levels of SS-22 mRNA in the pancreatic islets whereas SS-22 mRNA was not detected in the stomach or hypothalamus. The results demonstrate that feeding every other day has similar negative impacts on components of the GH-IGF-I axis as fasting. The observed increase in SS-14 mRNA in the hypothalamus and pancreatic islets suggests a role for SS-14 in modulating the GH-IGF-I axis in channel catfish. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Peterson, B. C.; Small, B. C.] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Bilodeau-Bourgeois, A. L.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Peterson, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM brian.peterson@ars.usda.gov RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 64 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 153 IS 4 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.614 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 460AZ UT WOS:000267158400013 PM 19379818 ER PT J AU Qin, JW Lu, RF AF Qin, Jianwei Lu, Renfu TI Monte Carlo simulation for quantification of light transport features in apples SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral imaging; Optical properties; Fruits; Light transport; Monte Carlo simulation ID TISSUE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FINITE-ELEMENT APPROACH; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; NONINVASIVE DETERMINATION; MULTILAYERED TISSUES; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; WAVELENGTH RANGE; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING; MODEL AB Light interaction with turbid biological materials involves absorption and scattering. Quantitative understanding of light transport process and features in the fruit is critical to designing better optical systems for inspection of food quality. This paper reports on the quantification of light transport in the apple fruit in the visible and short-wavelength near-infrared region using Monte Carlo simulations. The absorption and reduced scattering coefficients (mu(a) and mu(s)', respectively) of 600 'Golden Delicious' apples were determined over the spectral range of 500-1000 nm using a spatially resolved hyperspectral imaging method coupled with a diffusion theory model. The mu(a) and mu(s)', values were used in Monte Carlo (MC) models to simulate light transport in the fruit tissue. MC simulation models were validated against the diffusion theory model and experimental data. The patterns of diffuse reflectance, internal absorption, and light penetration depth were determined using typical values of mu(a) and mu(s)', for the apples. Simulation results showed that up to 96.4% of the photons were absorbed under the maximum absorption condition, while 75.9% photons exited as diffuse reflectance for the maximum scattering case. The optimum sensing range under our imaging system setup was found to be 1-11 mm for 'Golden Delicious' apples. Fruit tissue with a larger mu(a) value absorbed light energy rapidly in short depth and radial distances, whereas light in the tissue with small mu(s)' values tended to propagate forward to the deeper area of the sample. Light penetration depths in 'Golden Delicious' apples, defined as the depths at which the incident light was reduced by 99%, were in the range of 0.43-8.67 cm over the 500-1000 nm spectral range, with a majority of the samples (approximately 68%) in the range of 0.81-4.48 cm. Pigments and water in the fruit tissue greatly influenced light penetration depth. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Qin, Jianwei] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lu, Renfu] Michigan State Univ, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, ARS, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Qin, JW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 233 Frazier Rogers Hall,POB 110570, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM qinj@ufl.edu NR 24 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 68 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2009.04.002 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 472DX UT WOS:000268110600006 ER PT J AU Stodola, KW Linder, ET Buehler, DA Franzreb, KE Cooper, RJ AF Stodola, Kirk W. Linder, Eric T. Buehler, David A. Franzreb, Kathleen E. Cooper, Robert J. TI PARENTAL CARE IN THE MULTI-BROODED BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Black-throated Blue Warbler; Dendroica caerulescens; double brooding; parental provisioning; reproductive output ID TIT PARUS-MAJOR; GREAT TIT; DENDROICA-CAERULESCENS; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; FEEDING FREQUENCY; SIZE; FOOD; COSTS; MANIPULATION; INVESTMENT AB Maximizing reproductive output often entails a trade-off between energy spent on current breeding attempts and that saved for future reproductive opportunities. For species with biparental care, energy spent on the current breeding attempt represents not only a trade-off with future breeding opportunities but also an interaction with the energetic effort of one's mate. In most songbird species, the female typically invests the most in the early stages of breeding. Consequently, the male's contribution to provisioning young may free the female from this energetically costly activity and aid her ability to attempt a second brood. We investigated parental provisioning in the Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) to see if mates and females altered their provisioning rates with respect to first and second broods. Using parental provisioning rates from 239 nests from three study sites over 6 years, we show that females provisioned young of first broods at a rate lower than that for second broods, while males' provisioning rate did not differ. Males' provisioning rate was inversely associated with that of females, with males increasing their provisioning when the number of young in a nest increased while females' provisioning decreased. Consequently, we believe our results highlight both the trade-off in energy females spend on current and future reproduction and the role of males' care in helping to maintain reproductive output through increased effort when conditions for feeding are difficult. C1 [Stodola, Kirk W.; Cooper, Robert J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Linder, Eric T.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Dept Biol Sci, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Buehler, David A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Franzreb, Kathleen E.] Univ Tennessee, USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn,So Appalachian Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Stu, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Stodola, KW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM stodolak@warnell.uga.edu FU USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station; National Science Foundation [0342750]; Georgia Ornithological Society FX We thank the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, along with the Wayah and Highlands ranger districts of the U.S. Forest Service, for providing access to study sites. The USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, National Science Foundation, Award 0342750, and the Georgia Ornithological Society provided for funding for this project. D. Kim helped immensely in the initial stages of this project. Thanks to the Cooper Lab, P. Gowaty, and K. Necker, whose comments greatly improved the manuscript. Finally, this project also would not have been possible without all the dedicated people who worked with us in the field but are too numerous to name, although we give a special thanks to K. Leavelle, L. Willenbring, A. Mahoney, P. Scarr, and B. Maley for their help over multiple years. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2009 VL 111 IS 3 BP 497 EP 502 DI 10.1525/cond.2009.080072 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 507LI UT WOS:000270854600011 ER PT J AU Fausch, KD Rieman, BE Dunham, JB Young, MK Peterson, DP AF Fausch, Kurt D. Rieman, Bruce E. Dunham, Jason B. Young, Michael K. Peterson, Douglas P. TI Invasion versus Isolation: Trade-Offs in Managing Native Salmonids with Barriers to Upstream Movement SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; corridors; habitat fragmentation; isolation; salmonids; stream fish ID WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; INTRODUCED RAINBOW-TROUT; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; FISH INTRODUCTIONS AB Conservation biologists often face the trade-off that increasing connectivity in fragmented landscapes to reduce extinction risk of native species can foster invasion by non-native species that enter via the corridors created, which can then increase extinction risk. This dilemma is acute for stream fishes, especially native salmonids, because their populations are frequently relegated to fragments of headwater habitat threatened by invasion from downstream by 3 cosmopolitan non-native salmonids. Managers often block these upstream invasions with movement barriers, but isolation of native salmonids in small headwater streams can increase the threat of local extinction. We propose a conceptual framework to address this worldwide problem that focuses on 4 main questions. First, are populations of conservation value present (considering evolutionary legacies, ecological functions, and socioeconomic benefits as distinct values)? Second, are populations vulnerable to invasion and displacement by non-native salmonids? Third, would these populations be threatened with local extinction if isolated with barriers? And, fourth, how should management be prioritized among multiple populations? We also developed a conceptual model of the joint trade-off of invasion and isolation threats that considers the opportunities for managers to make strategic decisions. We illustrated use of this framework in an analysis of the invasion-isolation trade-off for native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) in 2 contrasting basins in western North America where invasion and isolation are either present and strong or farther away and apparently weak. These cases demonstrate that decisions to install or remove barriers to conserve native salmonids are often complex and depend on conservation values, environmental context (which influences the threat of invasion and isolation), and additional socioeconomic factors. Explicit analysis with tools such as those we propose can help managers make sound decisions in such complex circumstances. C1 [Fausch, Kurt D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rieman, Bruce E.] US Forest Serv, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Young, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Peterson, Douglas P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv Field Off, Helena, MT 59601 USA. RP Fausch, KD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kurtf@warnercnr.colostate.edu RI Fausch, Kurt/A-8849-2010 NR 90 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 11 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 859 EP 870 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01159.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 471BS UT WOS:000268028800016 PM 19210302 ER PT J AU Perry, G Vice, D AF Perry, Gad Vice, Dan TI Forecasting the Risk of Brown Tree Snake Dispersal from Guam: a Mixed Transport-Establishment Model SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Boiga irregularis; brown tree snake; Guam; human-aided dispersal; invasive species; transportation network ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; TREESNAKES; SPREAD; CONSERVATION; ISLAND AB The brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) is a devastating invader that has ecologically and economically affected Guam and is poised to disperse further. Interdiction efforts are being conducted on Guam and some of the potential receiving sites, but no tools exist for evaluating the potential for snake incursion; thus, the amount of effort that should be invested in protecting particular sites is unknown. We devised a model that predicts the relative risk of establishment of the brown tree snake (BTS) at a given site. To calculate overall risk, we incorporated in the model information on the likelihood of an organism entering the transportation system, avoiding detection, surviving to arrive at another location, and establishing at the receiving end. On the basis of documented rates of snake arrival at receiving sites, the model produced realistic predictions of invasion risk. Model outputs can thus be used to prioritize interdiction efforts to focus on especially vulnerable receiving locations. We provide examples of the utility of the model in evaluating the impacts of changes in transportation parameters. Finally, the model can be used to evaluate the impacts that BTS establishment at an additional site and that creation of a new source of snakes would have. The use of qualitative inputs allows the model to be adapted by substituting data on other invasive species or transportation systems. C1 [Perry, Gad] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Vice, Dan] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Barrigada, GU 96913 USA. RP Perry, G (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Box 42125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM gad.perry@ttu.edu FU U.S. Department of Interior; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Texas Tech University FX We thank G. Rodda for many helpful discussions and comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. M. Linnell began the process of collecting data on transport network characteristics, and personnel from the U.S. Air Force and Navy, Continental Micronesia, and surface transport providers kindly provided information about their shipping procedures and frequencies. H. Ota and A. Mori provided information on the herpetofauna of Iwo Jima. Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Interior through the Brown Tree snake Project and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and by Texas Tech University. This is manuscript T-9-1140 of the College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Texas Tech University. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 4 BP 992 EP 1000 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01169.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 471BS UT WOS:000268028800031 PM 19236447 ER PT J AU Mota-Sanchez, D Cregg, BM McCullough, DG Poland, TM Hollingworth, RM AF Mota-Sanchez, David Cregg, Bert M. McCullough, Deborah G. Poland, Therese M. Hollingworth, Robert M. TI Distribution of trunk-injected C-14-imidacloprid in ash trees and effects on emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) adults SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Ash trees; Green ash; Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.; White ash; Fraxinus americana L.; The emerald ash borer; Agrilus planipennis; C-14-imidacloprid; Translocation; Trunk injection ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS; BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY; MYZUS-PERSICAE; NORTH-AMERICA; INSECTICIDES; NEONICOTINOIDS; NITROMETHYLENE; RECEPTORS; DENSITY AB The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a destructive exotic pest of North American ash (Fraxinus sp.) trees. Trunk injection of imidacloprid is commonly used to protect landscape ash trees from A. planipennis damage. Efficacy can vary and little is known about the distribution, accumulation and persistence of this compound in trees. Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and white ash (Froxinus americana) trees were injected with 25 mu Ci of C-14-imidadoprid plus non-labeled imidacloprid and were grown under water-sufficient and water stress conditions. Tree trunks, twigs, leaves and roots were sampled periodically for two years following injection. Imidacloprid concentrations did not vary (P > 0.05) between tree species or water treatments. Imidacloprid concentrations differed (P < 0.001) among plant tissue types, leaves had much greater concentrations (>30x) than any of the other plant tissues. Imidacloprid concentrations in leaves increased steadily throughout the first (2004) growing season, whereas in the year following injection (2005), little imidacloprid was detected in leaves. Samples from outer bark and phloem collected with a cork-borer at I m and 2 m above ground line had low levels of imidacloprid as did fine roots. This suggests that imidacloprid translocation occurred mainly in the xylem. When adult A. planipennis were fed leaves from trunk-injected trees, an average of 71% of beetles were killed or intoxicated in 2004 compared with an average of 24% in 2005. Ash species and water treatment had little effect on A. planipennis mortality in either year. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mota-Sanchez, David; McCullough, Deborah G.; Hollingworth, Robert M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cregg, Bert M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cregg, Bert M.; McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Mota-Sanchez, D (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 206 Ctr Integrated Plant Syst, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM motasanc@msu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry; Michigan Nursery and Landscape Association FX Major funding for this research was provided by USDA Forest Service Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry. Additional support was provided by the Michigan Nursery and Landscape Association. We thank Arnold Farran, J.J. Mauget Company, for providing Imicide. We gratefully acknowledge Anna Arend, Daniel Hess, Jennifer Hunnell, Grant Jones, and Sara Tanis for their assistance in the field and laboratory. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 8 BP 655 EP 661 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2009.03.012 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 464PI UT WOS:000267517300005 ER PT J AU Arjo, WM Shwiff, S Kirkpatrick, K AF Arjo, Wendy M. Shwiff, Stephanie Kirkpatrick, Katy TI Short-term evaluation of two integrated pest management programs for mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) control SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Chlorophacinone; Cost effectiveness analysis; Damage; Douglas-fir seedlings; Mountain beaver; Pacific Northwest; Seedlings ID EFFICACY AB In the Pacific Northwest, mountain beavers (Aplodontia rufa) are an impediment to reforestation efforts due to the damage they cause to seedlings. Trapping is currently the most effective method of reducing mountain beaver populations and seedling damage; however, mountain beavers can quickly reinvade harvested units, negating trapping efforts. Seedlings are most vulnerable to damage the first 3-4 months after planting, prior to emergence of forbs within timber harvest units. The integration of an additional tool to supplement trapping, such as baiting with a chlorophacinone rodenticide bait, may allow for additional seedling protection between trapping and forage green-up. Two integrated pest management (IPM) systems were tested in western Washington: treatment 1, baiting followed by trapping; and treatment 2, trapping followed by baiting. Using a cost effectiveness analysis we compared the costs of two different methods of mountain beaver management. In treatment 1, the units were baited and later trapped to remove remaining animals for a per acre cost of $42.47. In treatment 2, traps were placed in the units to remove mountain beaver, and then baits were placed in active areas for a per acre cost of $49.69. This indicates that the cost minimizing or efficient method of mountain beaver management was treatment 1. We found that seedling damage did not differ (P = 0.61) between the treatments; however, overall activity based on fern monitoring demonstrated a greater overall reduction in activity on the treatment 2 plots. Retrapping efforts the year following planting demonstrated the ability of the species to reinvade units quickly. Treatment I units averaged 0.75-1.36 beavers/ha and treatment 2 units 0.36-1.14 beavers/ha. Damage after I year remained similar between the treatments. Although higher in costs, fewer baits were placed on treatment 2 plots, since the population was reduced initially, than on treatment 1 plots. Treatment 2 may, therefore, be more socially acceptable because fewer baits are available in the environment with this treatment since the population is first reduced through trapping. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shwiff, Stephanie; Kirkpatrick, Katy] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Arjo, Wendy M.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Sci, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Olympia Field Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Shwiff, S (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM steplianie.a.shwiff@aphis.usda.gov FU Animal Damage Committees of the Washington Forest Protection Association; Oregon Forestry Industries Council; J. Todd and Brittlind Company FX We thank the Animal Damage Committees of the Washington Forest Protection Association and Oregon Forestry Industries Council for their financial support. Additional support from J. Todd and Brittlind Company was greatly appreciated. Without the field efforts of J. Duvall, J. Harper, E. Meister, K. Perry, and R. Roberts this project would not have been successful and their assistance was invaluable. We appreciate the review comments of J. Taylor, D. Stalman and two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 28 IS 8 BP 703 EP 709 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2009.04.004 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 464PI UT WOS:000267517300012 ER PT J AU Peterson, BC Waldbieser, GC AF Peterson, B. C. Waldbieser, G. C. TI Effects of fasting on IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF-binding protein mRNA concentrations in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fasting; IGF-I; IGF-II; IGF-binding proteins; Catfish ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MORONE-SAXATILIS; STRIPED BASS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS; GROWING FAMILIES AB The effects of fasting on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, and IGF-binding protein (IGFBPs) mRNA in channel catfish were examined. Fed control fish (Fed) were compared to fish that had been fasted for 30 d followed by 15 d of additional feeding (Restricted). Sequence alignment and similarity to orthologous proteins in other vertebrates provided structural evidence that the 3 catfish sequences identified in the present research were IGFBP-1, -2, and -3. Prolonged fasting (30 d) reduced body weight approximately 60% (P<0.001) and decreased IGF-I mRNA in the liver and muscle (P<0.01). Fifteen days of re-feeding restored concentrations of hepatic and muscle IGF-I mRNA. Liver IGF-II mRNA was not affected by fasting but was increased 2.2-fold after 15 d of re-feeding (P < 0.05). Abundance of muscle IGF-II mRNA was similar between the fed control group and the restricted group throughout the experimental period. Fasting also increased liver IGFBP-1 mRNA (P < 0.05) and decreased IGFBP-3 mRNA (P < 0.01), whereas abundance of IGFBP-2 mRNA was not significantly affected. Interestingly, re-feeding for 15 d did not restore concentrations of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA relative to fed control concentrations. The IGF results suggest that IGF-I and IGF-II are differently regulated by nutritional status and probably have a differential effect in promoting muscle growth during recovery from fasting. Similar to mammals, IGFBP-1 mRNA in catfish is increased during catabolism, whereas IGFBP-3 mRNA is decreased during inhibited somatic growth. The IGFBP results provide additional evidence of the conserved nature of the IGF-IGFBP-growth axis in catfish. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Peterson, B. C.; Waldbieser, G. C.] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Peterson, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM brian.peterson@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture FX The authors wish to thank the staff and technicians of the USDA/ARS Catfish Genetics Research Unit for their assistance. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 59 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.03.004 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 467JU UT WOS:000267735700002 PM 19446983 ER PT J AU McCormack, BL Chase, CC Olson, TA Elsasser, TH Hammond, AC Welsh, TH Jiang, H Randel, RD Okamura, CA Lucy, MC AF McCormack, B. L. Chase, C. C., Jr. Olson, T. A. Elsasser, T. H. Hammond, A. C. Welsh, T. H., Jr. Jiang, H. Randel, R. D. Okamura, C. A. Lucy, M. C. TI A miniature condition in Brahman cattle is associated with a single nucleotide mutation within the growth hormone gene SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Growth hormone; Cattle; Miniature; Mutation ID CIRCULATING CONCENTRATIONS; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCER; RECEPTOR 1A; EXPRESSION; BINDING; AXIS; SOMATOTROPIN; MODULATION; ACTIVATOR AB Miniature Brahman cattle at the USDA ARS Subtropical Agriculture Research Station in Brooksville, FL have normal proportioned growth but are approximately 70% of mature height and weight when compared with Brahman cattle in the same herd. Pedigree analyses suggest that the condition is inherited through a recessive allele. The miniature Brahman cattle in the Brooksville herd have been used for studies of growth and reproduction, but the underlying causative mutation is unknown. Presumably, the miniature condition could arise from a mutation in the GH gene. The objective, therefore, was to clone the GH cDNA from Brooksville miniature Brahman cattle, compare its sequence to normal Brahman cattle, and test the biological activity of the native GH protein. Messenger RNA was isolated from the pituitary, and a cDNA for the protein coding region of the GH gene was amplified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from each of 2 miniature Brahman bulls. The cDNA were cloned into plasmid vectors, and top and bottom strands were sequenced by automated DNA sequencing. The sequence of both cDNA clones derived from miniature cattle differed from Bos indicus GH (GenBank AF034386) at base number 641 because there was a cytosine (C) instead of a thymine (T). The C to T change encoded a mutation (threonine to methionine) at amino acid 200 (T200M mutation). The mutation was confirmed by sequencing of an additional 2 miniature cattle and comparing their sequence to 2 normal cattle. The threonine is located in the fourth alpha helix of GH and is 1 of 8 amino acids that participate in binding of GH to the GH receptor. Twelve miniature Brahman and 9 normal Brahman cattle were tested by using a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis that employed the BsmBI restriction enzyme (specific for the mutated nucleotide). The 12 miniature Brahman cattle were homozygous for the mutation (-/-). Seven of the normal Brahman cattle were homozygous for the wild-type allele (+/+), and 2 were heterozygous (+/-). When tested in a cell-based bioassay, GH isolated from the pituitary of -/- cattle (n = 4) had approximately 60% activity when compared with GH isolated from the pituitary of +/+ cattle (n = 5). In summary, miniature Brahman cattle were homozygous for a single nucleotide polymorphism that encodes a mutation in an amino acid involved in binding of GH to the GH receptor. Cattle of normal size had at least 1 copy of the normal GH allele. Threonine 200 in bovine GH is required for normal growth in cattle. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McCormack, B. L.; Okamura, C. A.; Lucy, M. C.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Chase, C. C., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Brooksville, FL USA. [Olson, T. A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Elsasser, T. H.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Hammond, A. C.] ARS, USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Welsh, T. H., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Jiang, H.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Randel, R. D.] Texas AgriLife Res, Overton, TX USA. RP Lucy, MC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM lucym@Missouri.edu FU Department of Animal Science at the University of Missouri FX The authors would like to thank C. Agca from the Department of Animal Science at the University of Missouri for help with subcloning and sequencing of PCR products. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.04.001 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 467JU UT WOS:000267735700005 PM 19524387 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS Feng, G AF Sharratt, B. S. Feng, G. TI Windblown dust influenced by conventional and undercutter tillage within the Columbia Plateau, USA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE wind erosion; air quality; PM10; particulates ID WIND EROSION; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; WHEAT-FALLOW; AIR-QUALITY; SOIL; PM10; ROUGHNESS; SURFACE; VALIDATION AB Exceedance of the US Environmental Protection Agency national ambient air quality standard for PM10 (particulate matter <= 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) within the Columbia Plateau region of the Pacific Northwest US is largely caused by wind erosion of agricultural lands managed in a winter wheat-summer fallow rotation. Land management practices, therefore, are sought that will reduce erosion and PM10 emissions during the summer fallow phase of the rotation. Horizontal soil flux and PM10 concentrations above adjacent field plots. (>2 ha), with plots subject to conventional or undercutter tillage during summer fallow, were measured using creep and saltation/suspension collectors and PM10 samplers installed at various heights above the soil surface. After wheat harvest in 2004 and 2005, the plots were either disked (conventional) or undercut with wide sweeps (undercutter) the following spring and then periodically rodweeded prior to sowing wheat in late summer. Soil erosion from the fallow plots was measured during six sampling periods over two years; erosion or PM10 loss was not observed during two periods due to the presence of a crust on the soil surface. For the remaining sampling periods, total surface soil loss from conventional and undercutter tillage ranged from 3 to 40 g m(-2) and 1 to 27 g m(-2) while PM10 loss from conventional and undercutter tillage ranged from 0.2 to 5.0 g m(-2) and 0-1 to 3.3 g m(-2), respectively. Undercutter tillage resulted in a 15% to 65% reduction in soil loss and 30% to 70% reduction in PM10 loss as compared with conventional tillage at our field sites. Therefore, based on our results at two sites over two years, undercutter tillage appears to be an effective management practice to reduce dust emissions from agricultural land subject to a winter wheat-summer fallow rotation within the Columbia Plateau. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Sharratt, B. S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Feng, G.] Washington State Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Sharratt@wsu.edu NR 43 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-9337 EI 1096-9837 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1323 EP 1332 DI 10.1002/esp.1812 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 483HK UT WOS:000268953600001 ER PT J AU Sigua, GC Coleman, SW Albano, J AF Sigua, Gilbert C. Coleman, Samuel W. Albano, Joseph TI Beef cattle pasture to wetland reconversion: Impact on soil organic carbon and phosphorus dynamics SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Wetlands; Beef cattle pasture; Organic carbon; Phosphorus dynamics ID ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS; LAKE OKEECHOBEE; WATER COLUMN; SEDIMENTS; EXCHANGE; RELEASE; MATTER; BASIN; FORMS; LAND AB There is a major need to understand the historical condition and chemical/biological functions of the ecosystems following a conversion of wetlands to agricultural functions. To better understand the dynamics of soil total organic carbon (TOC) and phosphorus (P) during beef cattle pastures to wetland reconversion, soil core samples were collected from the beef cattle pasture and from the natural wetland at Plant City, FL, during five summer seasons (2002-2007). The levels of TOC and soil P were significantly affected by changing land use and hydrology. Draining natural wetlands to grazed pastures resulted in very pronounced reduction of TOC from 180.1 to 5.4 g g(-1). Cumulative concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) in soils (1134 mg kg(-1)) under drained condition are two to three times lower than those in soils (2752 mg kg(-1)) under flooded condition over the periods of land use reconversion. There was a declining trend (r=0.82**; p <= 0.01) in total soil P from natural wetland (763 mg kg(-1)) to altered pastures (340 mg kg(-1)), largely as organic-bound P (natural wetland, 48%; grazed pastures, 44%: altered pastures, 29%). These results are important in establishing baseline information on soil properties in pasture and wetland prior to restoring and reconverting pasture back to wetland conditions. The results further suggest that changes in soil properties due to changing land use and hydrologic conditions (drying and re-wetting) could be long lasting. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sigua, Gilbert C.; Coleman, Samuel W.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Albano, Joseph] ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Sigua, GC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. EM gilbert.sigua@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1231 EP 1236 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.05.004 PG 6 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 476KX UT WOS:000268440500013 ER PT J AU Ren, H Lu, HF Shen, WJ Huang, C Guo, QF Li, ZA Jian, SG AF Ren, Hai Lu, Hongfang Shen, Weijun Huang, Charlie Guo, Qinfeng Li, Zhi'an Jian, Shuguang TI Sonneratia apetala Buch.Ham in the mangrove ecosystems of China: An invasive species or restoration species? SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Mangrove forest; Biotic invasion; Restoration; Sonneratia apetala; China ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; WETLAND RESTORATION; SOUTH CHINA; FOREST; BAY; COLONIZATION; MANAGEMENT; KENYA; RIVER AB By the end of 1990s when China initiated a 10-year mangrove reforestation project, the mangrove forest area had decreased from 250,000 to 15,000 ha. Over 80% of current Chinese mangroves are degraded secondary forests or plantations. As an initial restoration and reforestation effort, Sonneratia apetala, a native of India, Bengal and Sri Lanka, was introduced in 1985 to Dong Zhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve in Hainan Island from Bengal. It has then been introduced into other places since 1991. However, the further use of the species is becoming increasingly controversial as there are emerging signs that it may become invasive in certain locations. A comprehensive evaluation of the species' condition in China regarding benefits and risks is critically needed. Here, we map the introduction and dispersal routes and monitor the growth of S. apetala in China from 1985 to 2006. S. apetala grows fast and performs well in the introduced 2300 ha muddy beaches area. It greatly improves the soil fertility and shows a suite of suitable characteristics as a pioneer restoration species. Currently, no natural invasion of S. apetala has been observed in the northern mangrove area. However, invasion into natural forests does occur in southerly locations such as Shenzhen, Zhanjiang and Dong Zhaigang. In these locations, S. apetala exhibits invasive characteristics such as overgrowth and high spreading ability that evidently affects local mangrove ecosystem structure and function. While the species clearly offers some benefits at some locations where it cannot naturally invade, it appears harmful to other native mangrove species, posing a major practical problem to both ecologists and land managers. This situation will be similar to previously imported non-native and invasive interticial wetland species, Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass), with similar results and problems. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ren, Hai; Lu, Hongfang; Shen, Weijun; Li, Zhi'an; Jian, Shuguang] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Huang, Charlie] CDFG OSPR Sci Div, Sacramento, CA 94244 USA. [Guo, Qinfeng] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Ren, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM renhai@scib.ac.cn RI Shen, Weijun/G-2942-2010 OI Shen, Weijun/0000-0001-7574-8839 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of P.R. China [2007BAC28B04]; National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421101, 2008A030203007]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40871249] FX This study was funded by the Key Supporting Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of P.R. China (2007BAC28B04), National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB421101, 2008A030203007) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (40871249). We thank Mr.Xu Fanghongof Zhanjiang National Mangrove Natural Reserve, Dr. Zan Qijie and Prof. Wang Yongjun of Futian National Mangrove Natural Reserve, Mr. Zhang Jingping of South China Botanical Garden, and Prof. Liao Baowen of the Chinese Institute of Tropical Forestry for assistance with fieldwork. NR 44 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1243 EP 1248 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.05.008 PG 6 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 476KX UT WOS:000268440500015 ER PT J AU Dukstra, FA AF Dukstra, Feike A. TI Modeling the flow of N-15 after a N-15 pulse to study long-term N dynamics in a semiarid grassland SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; microbial N; model; N cycling; N-15 tracer; priming effect; pulse labeling; semiarid grassland; soil organic matter decomposition; soil organic matter destabilization; SOM ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ION-EXCHANGE-RESIN; ELEVATED CO2; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; NITROGEN LIMITATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PLANT DIVERSITY; FOREST; MINERALIZATION AB Many aspects of nitrogen (N) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems remain poorly understood. Progress in studying N cycling has been hindered by a lack of effective measurements that integrate processes such as denitrification, competition for N between plants and microbes, and soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition over large time scales (years rather than hours or days). Here I show how long-term measurements of N-15 in plants, microbes, and soil after a one-time addition of N-15 ("labeled'' N) can provide powerful information about long-term N dynamics in a semiarid grassland. I develop a simple dynamic model and show that labeled-N fractions in plant and microbial-N pools (expressed as a fraction of total N in each pool) can change long after N-15 application (>= 5 years). These N-15 dynamics are closely tied to the turnover times of the different N pools. The model accurately simulated the labeled-N fractions in aboveground biomass measured annually during five years after addition of N-15 to a semiarid grassland. I also tested the sensitivity of five different processes on labeled-N fractions in aboveground plant biomass. Changing plant/microbial competition for N had very little effect on the labeled-N fraction in aboveground biomass in the short and long term. Changing microbial activity (N mineralization and immobilization), N loss, or N resorption/re-translocation by plants affected the labeled-N fraction in the short term, but not in the long term. Large long-term effects on the labeled-N fraction in aboveground biomass could only be established by changing the size of the active soil-N pool. Therefore, the significantly greater long-term decline in the labeled-N fraction in aboveground biomass observed under elevated CO2 in this grassland system could have resulted from an increased active soil-N pool under elevated CO2 (i.e., destabilization of soil organic matter that was relatively recalcitrant under ambient CO2 conditions). I conclude that short-and long-term labeled-N fractions in plant biomass after a N-15 pulse are sensitive to processes such as N mineralization and immobilization, N loss, and soil organic matter (de-)stabilization. Modeling these fractions provides a useful tool to better understand N cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. C1 ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dukstra, FA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM feike.dijkstra@ars.usda.gov OI Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 FU NSF-TECO [IBN9524068]; NSF [DEB-9708596]; Shortgrass Steppe LTER [DEB-9350273] FX This research was supported in part by NSF-TECO IBN9524068, NSF DEB-9708596, and the Shortgrass Steppe LTER Project DEB-9350273. I would like to thank David Augustine, Weixin Cheng, Steve DelGrosso, and Jack Morgan for a critical review of a previous version of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 2171 EP 2182 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 474OE UT WOS:000268293000016 ER PT J AU Andrew, C Lilleskov, EA AF Andrew, Carrie Lilleskov, Erik A. TI Productivity and community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps under increased atmospheric CO2 and O-3 SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Aspen free air CO2 enrichment; Betula papyrifera; carbon dioxide; ectomycorrhizal fungi; northern deciduous forests; ozone; Populus tremuloides; productivity; sporocarps ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELEVATED CO2; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOIL RESPIRATION; SCOTS PINE; OZONE; FORESTS; RESPONSES; BIRCH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Sporocarp production is essential for ectomycorrhizal fungal recombination and dispersal, which influences fungal community dynamics. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O-3) affect host plant carbon gain and allocation, which may in turn influence ectomycorrhizal sporocarp production if the carbon available to the ectomycorrhizal fungus is dependant upon the quantity of carbon assimilated by the host. We measured sporocarp production of ectomycorrhizal fungi over 4 years at the Aspen FACE (free air CO2 enrichment) site, which corresponded to stand ages seven to 10 years. Total mean sporocarp biomass was greatest under elevated CO2, regardless of O-3 concentration, while it was generally lowest under elevated O-3 with ambient CO2. Community composition differed significantly among the treatments, with less difference in the final year of the study. Whether this convergence was due to succession or environmental factors is uncertain. CO2 and O-3 affect ectomycorrhizal sporocarp productivity and community composition, with likely effects on dispersal, colonization and sporocarp-dependent food webs. C1 [Andrew, Carrie] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Lilleskov, Erik A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Andrew, C (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM cjandrew@mtu.edu NR 45 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 12 IS 8 BP 813 EP 822 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01334.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 466KH UT WOS:000267660600010 PM 19500129 ER PT J AU Fay, PA Kelley, AM Procter, AC Hui, DF Jin, VL Jackson, RB Johnson, HB Polley, HW AF Fay, Philip A. Kelley, Alexia M. Procter, Andrew C. Hui, Dafeng Jin, Virginia L. Jackson, Robert B. Johnson, Hyrum B. Polley, H. Wayne TI Primary Productivity and Water Balance of Grassland Vegetation on Three Soils in a Continuous CO2 Gradient: Initial Results from the Lysimeter CO2 Gradient Experiment SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; climate change; grassland; hydrology; net primary productivity; photosynthesis; soil moisture; soil respiration; Solidago canadensis ID CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT CHAMBER; ELEVATED CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INCREASING CO2; COMPARATIVE RESPONSES; SPECIES COMPOSITION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE AB Field studies of atmospheric CO2 effects on ecosystems usually include few levels of CO2 and a single soil type, making it difficult to ascertain the shape of responses to increasing CO2 or to generalize across soil types. The Lysimeter CO2 Gradient (LYCOG) chambers were constructed to maintain a linear gradient of atmospheric CO2 (250 to 500 mu l l(-1)) on grassland vegetation established on intact soil monoliths from three soil series. The chambers maintained a linear daytime CO2 gradient from 263 mu l l(-1) at the subambient end of the gradient to 502 mu l l(-1) at the superambient end, as well as a linear nighttime CO2 gradient. Temperature variation within the chambers affected aboveground biomass and evapotranspiration, but the effects of temperature were small compared to the expected effects of CO2. Aboveground biomass on Austin soils was 40% less than on Bastrop and Houston soils. Biomass differences between soils resulted from variation in biomass of Sorghastrum nutans, Bouteloua curtipendula, Schizachyrium scoparium (C-4 grasses), and Solidago canadensis (C-3 forb), suggesting the CO2 sensitivity of these species may differ among soils. Evapotranspiration did not differ among the soils, but the CO2 sensitivity of leaf-level photosynthesis and water use efficiency in S. canadensis was greater on Houston and Bastrop than on Austin soils, whereas the CO2 sensitivity of soil CO2 efflux was greater on Bastrop soils than on Austin or Houston soils. The effects of soil type on CO2 sensitivity may be smaller for some processes that are tightly coupled to microclimate. LYCOG is useful for discerning the effects of soil type on the CO2 sensitivity of ecosystem function in grasslands. C1 [Fay, Philip A.; Jin, Virginia L.; Johnson, Hyrum B.; Polley, H. Wayne] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Kelley, Alexia M.; Procter, Andrew C.; Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kelley, Alexia M.; Procter, Andrew C.; Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Hui, Dafeng] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. RP Fay, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM philip.fay@ars.usda.gov OI Fay, Philip/0000-0002-8291-6316; Hui, Dafeng/0000-0002-5284-2897 FU Department of Energy's Program for Ecosystem Research [ER64242] FX We thank A. Gibson, A. Griffith, K. Jones, C. Kolodziejczyk, A. Naranjo, K. Tiner, and scientists and staff involved in the previous CO2 gradients for their contributions to this experimental approach, and to the development of LYCOG and to this manuscript. R.B.J. acknowledges financial support from the Department of Energy's Program for Ecosystem Research (#ER64242). NR 40 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5 BP 699 EP 714 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9247-3 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477BO UT WOS:000268492000001 ER PT J AU Fellman, JB Hood, E Edwards, RT Jones, JB AF Fellman, Jason B. Hood, Eran Edwards, Richard T. Jones, Jeremy B. TI Uptake of Allochthonous Dissolved Organic Matter from Soil and Salmon in Coastal Temperate Rainforest Streams SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE DOM; DOC; DON; Fluorescence; PARAFAC salmon; Wetlands; Nutrient uptake ID EXCITATION-EMISSION MATRIX; AMINO-ACIDS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; NITROGEN; CARBON; METABOLISM; RETENTION; NUTRIENTS; BIODEGRADABILITY; WATERSHEDS AB Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of aquatic food webs. We compare the uptake kinetics for NH(4)-N and different fractions of DOM during soil and salmon leachate additions by evaluating the uptake of organic forms of carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), and proteinaceous DOM, as measured by parallel factor (PARAFAC) modeling of DOM fluorescence. Seasonal DOM slug additions were conducted in three headwater streams draining a bog, forested wetland, and upland forest using DOM collected by leaching watershed soils. We also used DOM collected from bog soil and salmon carcasses to perform additions in the upland forest stream. DOC uptake velocity ranged from 0.010 to 0.063 mm s(-1) and DON uptake velocity ranged from 0.015 to 0.086 mm s(-1), which provides evidence for the whole-stream uptake of allochthonous DOM. These findings imply that wetlands could potentially be an important source of DOM to support stream heterotrophic production. There was no significant difference in the uptake of DOC and DON across the soil leachate additions (P > 0.05), although differential uptake of DOM fractions was observed as protein-like fluorescence was removed from the water column more efficiently than bulk DOC and DON (P < 0.05). Moreover, PARAFAC analysis of DOM fluorescence showed that protein-like fluorescence decreased downstream during all DOM additions, whereas humic-like fluorescence did not change. This differential processing in added DOM suggests slow and fast turnover pools exist for aquatic DOM. Taken together, our findings argue that DON could potentially fill a larger role in satisfying biotic N demand in oligotrophic headwater streams than previously thought. C1 [Fellman, Jason B.; Jones, Jeremy B.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hood, Eran] Univ Alaska SE, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Edwards, Richard T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Fellman, JB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fsjbf6@uaf.edu FU USDA National Research Initiative [2005-35102-16289]; USDA Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station in Juneau, AK FX The authors wish to acknowledge Karen Michael and Erik Norberg for their laboratory and field assistance. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the USDA National Research Initiative, grant number 2005-35102-16289, the USDA Forest Service, Resource Management and Productivity Program and the Aquatic and Land Interactions Program at the Pacific Northwest Research Station in Juneau, AK. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service. NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5 BP 747 EP 759 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9254-4 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477BO UT WOS:000268492000004 ER PT J AU Smithwick, EAH Kashian, DM Ryan, MG Turner, MG AF Smithwick, Erica A. H. Kashian, Daniel M. Ryan, Michael G. Turner, Monica G. TI Long-Term Nitrogen Storage and Soil Nitrogen Availability in Post-Fire Lodgepole Pine Ecosystems SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE nitrate; ammonium; chronosequence; succession; density; yellowstone; Pinus contorta ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FOREST STANDS; WILDFIRE CHRONOSEQUENCE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION; VEGETATION FIRES; CONTORTA STANDS; CONIFER FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Long-term, landscape patterns in inorganic nitrogen (N) availability and N stocks following infrequent, stand-replacing fire are unknown but are important for interpreting the effect of disturbances on ecosystem function. Here, we present results from a replicated chronosequence study in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (Wyoming, USA) directed at measuring inorganic N availability (ion-exchange resin bags) and ecosystem N pools among 77 lodgepole pine stands that varied in age and density. Inorganic N availability ranged from 0.07 to 3.20 mu N bag(-1) d(-1) and nitrate (NO (3) (-) ) was, on average, 65% of total resin-sorbed N. Total ecosystem N stocks (live + detrital + soil) averaged 109.9 +/- A 3.0 g N m(-2) (range = 63.7-185.8 g N m(-2)). Live N was 14%, detrital N was 29%, and soil N was 57% of total stocks. Soil NO (3) (-) , total ecosystem N, live N, and detrital N generally increased with stand age, but soil N stocks decreased. Models (AIC(c)) to predict soil N availability and N stocks included soil P, soil Ca, bulk density, and pH in addition to age (adj R (2) ranged from 0.18 to 0.53) and density was included only for live N stocks. Patterns of N stocks and N availability with density were strongest for young stands (< 20 years) regenerating from extensive fire in 1988; for example, litterfall N stocks increased with density (adj R (2) = 0.86, P < 0.001) but inorganic N availability declined (adj R (2) = 0.47, P < 0.003). Across the complex Yellowstone landscape, we conclude that N stocks and N availability are best predicted by a combination of local soil characteristics in addition to factors that vary at landscape scales (stand density and age). Overall, total ecosystem N stocks were recovered quickly following stand-replacing fire, suggesting that moderate increases in fire frequency will not affect long-term landscape N storage in Greater Yellowstone. C1 [Smithwick, Erica A. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Smithwick, Erica A. H.] Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kashian, Daniel M.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Turner, Monica G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Smithwick, EAH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, 302 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM smithwick@psu.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Turner, Monica/B-2099-2010; OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Smithwick, Erica/0000-0003-3497-2011 FU US Joint Fire Science Program; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; University of Wyoming-National Park Research Center; Colorado State University FX This manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of two anonymous reviewers and the subject editor. We would like to thank Dan Tinker and Kelli Belden at the University of Wyoming Soils Analysis Lab for assistance with processing N extracts on the autoanalyzer at the University of Wyoming. We are indebted to the hard-working field crew (Kellen Nelson, Heather Lyons, Therese Tepe, Lance Farman, Lance East, Rick Arcano, Andy Whelan, Deborah Fritts, Lauren Alleman, Caitlin Balch-Burnett, Lisa Huttinger, Kevin Ruzicka, Megan Busick, and Brandon Corcoran), to those who completed the laboratory analyses and preparation (Kellen Nelson, Marc Barker, Chris Herron, Todd Hagadone, Tiann Heit, Kevin Ruzicka, Tiffany Minton, Lauren Alleman, Chris Martin, Ashlee Wallin, Becky Dritz, and Aliy Louie) and to Kellen Nelson for overseeing the CHN analysis at Colorado State University. We also thank Hank Harlow and Rich Viola at the University of Wyoming-National Park Research Center and the Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship at Colorado State University for 3 years of logistical support. This study was funded in part by a grant from the US Joint Fire Science Program to M.G. Ryan, M.G. Turner, W.H. Romme, and D.B. Tinker and in part from the Conservation and Environment Program of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. NR 58 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD AUG PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5 BP 792 EP 806 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9257-1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477BO UT WOS:000268492000007 ER PT J AU Sterner, RT Meltzer, MI Shwiff, SA Slate, D AF Sterner, Ray T. Meltzer, Martin I. Shwiff, Stephanie A. Slate, Dennis TI Tactics and Economics of Wildlife Oral Rabies Vaccination, Canada and the United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; RACCOON RABIES; VARIANT RABIES; RED FOXES; ELIMINATION; ONTARIO; COYOTES; PROGRAM; HEALTH; COSTS AB Progressive elimination of rabies in wildlife has been a general strategy in Canada and the United States; common campaign tactics are trap-vaccinate-release (TVR), point infection control (PIC), and oral rabies vaccination (ORV). TVR and PIC are labor intensive and the most expensive tactics per unit area (approximate to$616/km(2) (in 2008 Can$, converted from the reported $450/km(2) in 1991 Can$] and approximate to$612/km(2) [$500/km(2) in 1999 Can$], respectively), but these tactics have proven crucial to elimination of raccoon rabies in Canada and to maintenance of ORV zones for preventing the spread of raccoon rabies in the United States. Economic assessments have shown that during rabies epizootics, costs of human postexposure prophylaxis, pet vaccination, public health, and animal control spike. Modeling studies, involving diverse assumptions, have shown that ORV programs can be cost-efficient and yield benefit:cost ratios >1.0. C1 [Sterner, Ray T.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Meltzer, Martin I.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Slate, Dennis] USDA, Concord, NH USA. RP Sterner, RT (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM ray.t.sterner@aphis.usda.gov NR 37 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 24 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2009 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1176 EP 1184 DI 10.3201/eid1508.081061 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 481NT UT WOS:000268819100004 PM 19757549 ER PT J AU Dunn, RO AF Dunn, Robert O. TI Cold-Flow Properties of Soybean Oil Fatty Acid Monoalkyl Ester Admixtures SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUELS; VEGETABLE-OIL; METHYL-ESTERS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CETANE NUMBERS; CRYSTALLIZATION TEMPERATURE; ALKYL ESTERS; BIODIESEL; COMBUSTION AB Biodiesel is an alternative fuel. made from transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol, that has many attractive fuel characteristics. However, biodiesel is more prone than petrodiesel to start-up and operability problems during cold weather. The present Study investigates the effects on cold-flow properties of biodiesel resulting from the mixture of soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters (SMEs) With fatty acid esters derived front transesterification of soybean oil with medium- and branched-chain alkyl alcohols. Admixtures of SMEs with 0-100 vol %, tallow fatty acid methyl esters and with n-propyl (SnPrE), isopropyl (SiPrE), n-butyl (SnBuE), isobutyl (SiBuE), and 2-butyl soyates (S2BuE) were analyzed for cloud and pour point (CP and PP). CP and apparent solidification point (SP = PP - 1) data were employed to construct temperature-composition phase diagrams for each admixture in SME. Soyates with branched-chain alkyl headgroup moieties were more effective in decreasing CP and PP (or SP) than those with straight-chain headgroups, compared to an unmixed SME. An admixture of 65 vol % SiPrE in SME decreased CP by more than 5 degrees C compared to an unmixed SME. In contrast, the same admixture with SnPrE decreased CP by only 1.9 degrees C. Furthermore, an admixture of 65 vol %; SnBuE in SME decreased CP by only 2.6 degrees C despite having an alkyl headgroup with a larger molecular weight than SiPrE. Analogous results were obtained from subambient differential scanning calorimetry analysis performed on mixtures of pure monoalkyl stearates in a methyl oleate solvent. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dunn, RO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Robert.Dunn@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 8 BP 4082 EP 4091 DI 10.1021/ef9002582 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 484YY UT WOS:000269088300034 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Knothe, G Vaughn, SF Isbell, TA AF Moser, Bryan R. Knothe, Gerhard Vaughn, Steven F. Isbell, Terry A. TI Production and Evaluation of Biodiesel from Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) Oil SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID BRASSICA-CARINATA OIL; METHYL-ESTERS; SOYBEAN OIL; CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION; SURFACE-TENSION; VEGETABLE-OILS; FATTY ESTERS; ALKYL ESTERS; OPTIMIZATION; PETRODIESEL AB Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) oil is evaluated for the first time as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Biodiesel was obtained in 82 wt % yield by a standard transesterification procedure with methanol and sodium methoxide catalyst at 60 degrees C and an alcohol to oil molar ratio of 6:1. Acid-catalyzed pretreatment to reduce the acid value of crude field pennycress oil resulted in a yield after methanolysis of 94 wt %. Field pennycress oil had high contents of erucic (13(Z)-docosenoic; 32.8 wt %) and linoleic (9(Z),12(Z)-octadecadienoic; 22.4 wt %) acids with other unsaturated fatly acids comprising most of the remaining fatty acid profile. As a result, the methyl esters (biodiesel) obtained from this oil exhibited a high cetane number of 59.8 and excellent low temperature properties, as evidenced by cloud, pour, and cold filter Plugging points of - 10, - 18, and - 17 degrees C. respectively. The kinematic viscosity and oxidative stability (Rancimat method) of field pennycress oil methyl esters were 5.24 mm(2)/s (40 degrees C) and 4.4 h (110 degrees C), respectively. Other fuel properties Such Is acid value, lubricity, free and total glycerol content. surface tension, as well as sulfur and phosphorus contents were also determined and are discussed in light of biodiesel standards such as ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Also reported for the first time are cetane numbers of methyl esters of erucic and gondoic (methyl 11(Z)-eicosenoate) acids, which were found to be 74.2 and 73.2, respectively. In summary, field pennycress oil appears to an acceptable feedstock for biodiesel production. C1 [Moser, Bryan R.; Knothe, Gerhard; Vaughn, Steven F.; Isbell, Terry A.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM bryan.moser@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 8 BP 4149 EP 4155 DI 10.1021/ef900337g PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 484YY UT WOS:000269088300044 ER PT J AU Sims, KR Funderburk, JE Reitz, SR Boucias, DG AF Sims, Kelly R. Funderburk, Joe E. Reitz, Stuart R. Boucias, Drion G. TI The impact of a parasitic nematode, Thripinema fuscum, on the feeding behavior and vector competence of Frankliniella fusca SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Allantonematidae; Arachis hypogaea; biological control; host-parasite biology; pathogen; peanut; thrips; Tomato spotted wilt virus; Tylenchida; Thysanoptera; Thripidae ID TOMATO-SPOTTED-WILT; WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; DEVELOPMENT TIME; INSECT VECTOR; OCCIDENTALIS THYSANOPTERA; TOSPOVIRUS TRANSMISSION; VIRUS-INFECTION; HOST PLANTS; ALLANTONEMATIDAE; TEMPERATURE AB Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the predominant thrips species found inhabiting and reproducing in peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. (Fabaceae), and is one of at least seven thrips species reported to transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The entomogenous nematode Thripinema fuscum Tipping & Nguyen (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae), a natural enemy of F. fusca, parasitizes larval and adult populations under field conditions. All known Thripinema species render the host female thrips sterile and have the potential to suppress pest populations to near extinction. As a result, secondary spread of TSWV in peanut is reduced. Reduction of the virus under field conditions may also be due to lower transmission rates caused by parasite-induced alterations in host feeding behavior. Therefore, the feeding rates of healthy and parasitized F. fusca male and female cohorts on leaf discs were recorded daily for 10 days and digital images were subjected to image analysis and viral transmission rates were compared daily using double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thripinema fuscum reduced the feeding of female F. fusca by nearly 65%, and the ability of females to transmit TSWV by 50%. Potential mechanisms underlying the parasite-induced alterations in feeding behavior and transmission are discussed. Parasitism by T. fuscum significantly reduced male longevity, but female longevity was not affected. These results provide further evidence that T. fuscum aids in regulating viruliferous F. fusca pest populations and suggests its potential as a biological control agent for inoculative release in peanut. C1 [Sims, Kelly R.; Boucias, Drion G.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Funderburk, Joe E.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [Reitz, Stuart R.] Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Sims, KR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 970 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM simsk@ufl.edu RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 FU University of Florida FX This research was supported in part by an Alumni fellowship provided by the University of Florida. We thank James Boyer, Coordinator of Research from the Plant Science Research & Education Unit in Citra, FL, for aid in the collection of study organisms and plant tissue, and Walter Bliss from Agdia Inc. for supplying NSs antibody probes. We would also like to thank Lyle Buss, Senior Biological Scientist at the Entomology and Nematology Department at the University of Florida, for photography assistance. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 132 IS 2 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00884.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 470CB UT WOS:000267949300012 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Hanula, James L. TI Responses of Arthropods to Large-Scale Manipulations of Dead Wood in Loblolly Pine Stands of the Southeastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coarse woody debris; biodiversity; epigaeic; dispersal; colonization ID 4 PRIMEVAL FORESTS; CARABIDAE ASSEMBLAGES; DEBRIS MANIPULATIONS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; SAPROXYLIC BEETLES; CENTRAL SLOVAKIA; MANAGEMENT; COLEOPTERA; INVERTEBRATES; MICROHABITAT AB Large-scale experimental manipulations of deadwood are needed to better understand its importance to animal communities in managed forests. In this experiment, we compared the abundance, species richness, diversity, and composition of arthropods in 9.3-ha plots in which either (1) all coarse woody debris was removed, (2) a large number of logs were added, (3) a large number of snags were added, or (4) no coarse woody debris was added or removed. The target taxa were ground-dwelling arthropods, sampled by pitfall traps, and saproxylic beetles (i.e., dependent on dead wood), sampled by flight intercept traps and emergence traps. There were no differences in total ground-dwelling arthropod abundance, richness, diversity, or composition among treatments. Only the results for ground beetles (Carabidae), which were more species rich and diverse in log input plots, supported our prediction that ground-dwelling arthropods would benefit from additions of deadwood. There were also no differences in saproxylic beetle abundance, richness, diversity, or composition among treatments. The findings from this study are encouraging in that arthropods seem less sensitive than expected to manipulations of dead wood in managed pine forests of the southeastern United States. Based Oil Our results, we cannot recommend inputting large amounts of dead wood for conservation purposes, given the expense of such measures. However, the persistence of saproxylic beetles requires that all adequate amount of dead wood is available in the landscape, and we recommend that dead wood be retained whenever possible in managed pine forests. C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.; Hanula, James L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com FU Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office [DE-AI09-00SR22188] FX We thank S. Horn, D. Dyer, and M. Cody for collecting pitfall traps and W. Sikora, R. Malloy, S. Cahill, and A Williams for sorting pitfall trap samples. H. Lee helped identify ground beetles from the pitfall samples, and B. Rabaglia, C. Carlton, and A. Tishechkin assisted in identifying Scolytinae, Pselaphinae, and Histeridae, respectively. We also thank S. Horn and M. Cody for helping cut and move the log sections used to sample saproxylic beetles. Finally, we thank J. McHugh, D. Batzer, and two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Support was provided by the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR22188. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 18 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1005 EP 1012 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479KZ UT WOS:000268659500007 PM 19689878 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG Northfield, TD Mizell, RF Riddle, TC AF Tillman, P. G. Northfield, T. D. Mizell, R. F. Riddle, T. C. TI Spatiotemporal Patterns and Dispersal of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Peanut-Cotton Farmscapes SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE southern green stink bug; brown stink bug; distribution; raster map ID NEZARA-VIRIDULA HEMIPTERA; HOST-PLANT; COUNT DATA; DAMAGE; DYNAMICS; SORGHUM; CROPS AB In the southeast United States, a field of peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., is often closely associated with a field of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. The objective of this 4-yr on-farm study was to examine and compare the spatiotemporal patterns and dispersal of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula L., and the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), in six of these peanut-cotton farmscapes. GS(+) Version 9 was used to generate interpolated estimates of stink bug density by inverse distance weighting. Interpolated stink bug population raster maps were constructed using ArcMap Version 9.2. This technique was used to show any change in distribution of stink bugs in the farmscape over time. SADIE (spatial analysis by distance indices) methodology was used to examine spatial aggregation of individual stink bug species and spatial association of the two stink bug species in the individual crops. Altogether, the spatiotemporal analyses for the farmscapes showed that some N. viridula and E. servus nymphs and adults that develop in peanuts disperse into cotton. When these stink bugs disperse from peanuts into cotton, they aggregate in cotton at the interface, or common boundary, of the two crops while feeding on cotton bolls. Therefore, there is a pronounced edge effect observed in the distribution of stink bugs as they colonize the new crop, cotton. The driving force for the spatiotemporal distribution and dispersal of both stink bug species in peanut-cotton farmscapes seems to be availability of food in time and space mitigated by landscape structure. Thus, an understanding of farmscape ecology of stink bugs and their natural enemies is necessary to strategically place, in time and space, biologically based management strategies that control stink bug populations while conserving natural enemies and the environment and reducing off-farm inputs. C1 [Tillman, P. G.; Northfield, T. D.; Mizell, R. F.; Riddle, T. C.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Glynn.Tillman@ars.usda.gov RI Northfield, Tobin/I-2323-2013 OI Northfield, Tobin/0000-0002-0563-485X NR 33 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 19 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1038 EP 1052 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479KZ UT WOS:000268659500011 PM 19689882 ER PT J AU Biedermann, PHW Klepzig, KD Taborsky, M AF Biedermann, Peter H. W. Klepzig, Kier D. Taborsky, Michael TI Fungus Cultivation by Ambrosia Beetles: Behavior and Laboratory Breeding Success in Three Xyleborine Species SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artificial medium; symbiosis; insect agriculture; cooperative breeding; biological invasions ID COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; AFFINIS COLEOPTERA; INVITRO CULTURE; SOCIAL SPIDER; SEX-RATIO; EUSOCIALITY; EVOLUTION; CURCULIONIDAE; AGRICULTURE; FERRUGINEUS AB Fungus cultivation by ambrosia beetles is one of the four independently evolved cases of agriculture known in animals. Such cultivation is most advanced in the highly social subtribe Xyleborina (Scolytinae), which is characterized by haplodiploidy and extreme levels of inbreeding. Despite their ubiquity in forests worldwide, the behavior of these beetles remains poorly understood. This may be in part because of their cryptic life habits within the wood of trees. Here we present data obtained by varying a laboratory breeding technique based on artificial medium inside glass tubes, which enables behavioral observations. We studied species of the three most widespread genera of Xyleborina in the temperate zone: Xyleborus, Xyleborinus, and Xylosandrus. We raised several generations of each species with good breeding success in two types of media. The proportion of females of Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg producing offspring within 40 d depended significantly on founder female origin, which shows a transgenerational effect. Labor-intensive microbial sterilization techniques did not increase females' breeding success relative to a group of females shortly treated with ethanol. Gallery productivity measured as the mean number of mature offspring produced after 40 d varied between species and was weakly affected by the type of medium used and foundress origin (field or laboratory) in X. saxesenii, whereas different preparation mid sterilization techniques of the beetles had no effect. Behavioral observations showed the time course of different reproductive stages and enabled to obtain detailed behavioral inflammation in all species studied. We propose that the laboratory techniques we describe here are suited for extensive studies of sociality mid modes of agriculture in the xyleborine ambrosia beetles, which may yield important insights into the evolution of fungal agriculture and advanced social organization. C1 [Biedermann, Peter H. W.; Taborsky, Michael] Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Div Behav Ecol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Klepzig, Kier D.; Taborsky, Michael] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Biedermann, PHW (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Div Behav Ecol, Baltzerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM peterbiederm@students.unibe.ch RI Taborsky, Michael/F-8420-2013; Biedermann, Peter/E-3641-2013 OI Taborsky, Michael/0000-0002-1357-4316; Biedermann, Peter/0000-0003-4234-5659 FU Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service FX We thank S. Blomqvist and E. Ott for collecting X. affinis in the field and starting the first laboratory galleries. Discussions with K. Peer were very helpful to start this study and to improve the laboratory technique. This manuscript emerged from a project developed in a scientific writing course attended by P.H.W.B. and led by M. Fischer at the University of Bern, and it benefited greatly from comments of various students and teachers, T. Turrini, and two anonymous reviewers. Studies in Pineville, LA, were supported by a cooperative agreement with the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 43 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1096 EP 1105 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479KZ UT WOS:000268659500017 PM 19689888 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Ding, JQ Wheeler, GS Purcell, MF Zhang, GA AF Wang, Yi Ding, Jianqing Wheeler, Gregory S. Purcell, Matthew F. Zhang, Guoan TI Heterapoderopsis bicallosicollis (Coleoptera: Attelabidae): A Potential Biological Control Agent for Triadica sebifera SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological weed control; leaf-rolling weevil; host specificity; invasive plant; China ID CHINESE TALLOW TREE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SAPIUM-SEBIFERUM; HELIOTROPIUM-AMPLEXICAULE; DEVELOPMENTAL RATE; INVASIVE PLANTS; NATIVE-RANGE; RISK; EUPHORBIACEAE; WEEDS AB Native to China, Chinese tallow, Triadica sebifera L, Small (Euphorbiaceae), is an invasive plant in the southeastern United States. The leaf-rolling weevil, Heterapoderopsis bicallosicollis Voss, is a common herbivore attacking this plant in China. To evaluate its potential as a biological control agent of T sebifera, biology and host specificity of this weevil were studied in China. H. bicallosicollis occurs over a wide, native, geographic range and its immatures successfully develop at 15-35 degrees C, indicating its physiological potential to establish and persist throughout the range of climatic conditions where the target plant grows in the United States. Adults make feeding holes on leaves. Before oviposition, the female makes a sealed leaf roll called a nidus and then lays one to two eggs inside. Eggs, larvae, and pupae develop within nidi, and larvae survive only when they develop inside the nidi. This requirement makes the weevil highly host specific to T sebifera. in laboratory no-choice tests of 54 species from eight families, adults fed on only 3 plant species, T. sebifera, Sapium chihsinianum S. K. Lee, and Phyllanthus urinaria L. and only oviposited on T sebifera. These results were confirmed where, in multiple-choice tests, adults only oviposited on T sebifera. Given that T sebifera is the only species in the genus Triadica in the United States, the results of this study suggest that H. bicallosicollis is a potential biological control agent of T sebifera and should be considered to be imported into quarantine in the United States for further tests on native North American species. C1 [Wang, Yi; Ding, Jianqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden Inst, Invas Biol & Biol Control Lab, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yi; Zhang, Guoan] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Dept Plant Protect, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Wheeler, Gregory S.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Purcell, Matthew F.] CSIRO Entomol, USDA ARS, Australian Biol Control Lab, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. RP Ding, JQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden Inst, Invas Biol & Biol Control Lab, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. EM dingjianqing@yahoo.com RI Purcell, Matthew/C-2098-2008 FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection; USDA-ARS FX We thank Y. Sun, W. Huang, K. Wu, J. Zhang, Z. Lu, X. Jin, and Y. Wang for laboratory and field assistance and C. O'Brien, Greenvalley, AZ, and R. Zhang for the determinations of H. bicallosicollis. Voucher specimens of leaf-rolling weevil are preserved in Wuhan botanical garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and at the Museum of Entomology, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL. We appreciate the advice of M. Ren on data analysis. We also thank J. Wu, S. Zhang, and S. Feng for assistance in helping to find plant material. E. Delfosse, R. Wiedenmann, and two anonymous reviewers' comments improved the manuscript. This research was funded by Florida Department of Environmental Protection and USDA-ARS. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1135 EP 1144 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479KZ UT WOS:000268659500021 PM 19689892 ER PT J AU Balentine, KM Pratt, PD Dray, FA Rayamajhi, MB Center, TD AF Balentine, K. M. Pratt, P. D. Dray, F. A., Jr. Rayamajhi, M. B. Center, T. D. TI Geographic Distribution and Regional Impacts of Oxyops vitiosa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Boreioglycaspis melaleucae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), Biological Control Agents of the Invasive Tree Melaleuca quinquenervia SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbivory; invasive species; dispersal; weed biological control; postrelease evaluation ID FIELD COLONIZATION; AUSTRALIAN WEEVIL; CAV. BLAKE,S.T.; SOUTH FLORIDA; UNITED-STATES; HOST-RANGE; HERBIVORY; INSECTS; COMPETITION; MYRTACEAE AB The invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake is widely distributed throughout peninsular Florida and poses a significant threat to species diversity in the wetland systems of the Everglades. Mitigation of this threat includes the areawide release campaign of the biological control agents Oxyops vitiosa Pascoe and Boreioglycaspis melaleucae Moore. We summarize the results of this release effort and quantify the resulting geographic distribution of the herbivores as well as their regional impact on the target weed. A combined total of 3.3 million individual Melaleuca biological control agents have been redistributed to 407 locations and among 15 Florida counties. Surveys of the invaded area indicate that the geographic distribution of O. vitiosa encompasses 71% of the Melaleuca infestation. Although released 5 yr later, the distribution of B. melaleuca is slightly greater than its predecessor, with a range including 78% of the sampled Melaleuca stands. Melaleuca stands outside both biological control agents' distributions occurred primarily in the northern extremes of the tree's range. Strong positive association between herbivore species was observed, with the same density of both species occurring in 162 stands and no evidence of interspecific competition. Soil type also influenced the incidence of biological control agents and the distribution of their impacts. The odds of encountering O. vitiosa or B. melaleucae in cells dominated by sandy soils were 2.2 and 2.9 times more likely than those predominated by organically rich soils. As a result, a greater level of damage from both herbivores was observed for stands growing on sandy versus organic-rich soils. C1 [Balentine, K. M.; Pratt, P. D.; Dray, F. A., Jr.; Rayamajhi, M. B.; Center, T. D.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pratt, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM Paul.Pratt@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection; South Florida Water Management District; USDA Areawide TAME Melaleuca Program FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. We are also indebted to S. Blackwood, D. Lieurance, D. Bann, and S. Gonzales for assistance with data acquisition. M. Christman of the University of Florida provided assistance with statistical analyses, and R. Diaz of the University of Florida aided in the spatial analysis. Melaleuca distribution data were provided by A. Ferriter of Idaho Department of Agriculture and T. Pernas of the National Park Service. This research was supported, in part, by grants from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, South Florida Water Management District, and the USDA Areawide TAME Melaleuca Program (tame.ifas.ufl. edu). NR 60 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1145 EP 1154 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479KZ UT WOS:000268659500022 PM 19689893 ER PT J AU Follett, PA Wright, MG Golden, M AF Follett, Peter A. Wright, Mark G. Golden, Mary TI Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Feeding Patterns in Macadamia Nut in Hawaii: Nut Maturity and Cultivar Effects SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE southern green stink bug; ruthenium red dye; integrated pest management ID STINK BUG HEMIPTERA; DAMAGE AB Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a serious pest of macadamia nuts, Macadamia integrifolia, in Hawaii. Using ruthenium red dye to stain stink bug feeding probes, feeding activity was determined for nuts of various maturity levels harvested from the tree and off the ground throughout the growing season in five commercial cultivars. Damage occurred in the tree and on the ground during all nut growth stages. Damage on the ground was often higher than in the tree. Cultivar 246 was more susceptible to attack than cultivars 333 and 800. It was previously thought that cultivar susceptibility was related to husk and shell thickness, but cultivar 246 showed higher damage than other cultivars even during early nut development when the nuts are small and before the shell has formed. This suggests that shell and husk thickness may play a secondary role in susceptibility to feeding by N. viridula. Monitoring N. viridula feeding activity during early nut development may help alert growers to potential problems later in the season, but early-season probing activity in immature nuts was not a good predictor of damage levels in mature nuts later in the season in our study. C1 [Follett, Peter A.; Golden, Mary] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Wright, Mark G.; Golden, Mary] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM pfollett@pbarc.ars.usda.gov RI Wright, Mark/A-7349-2009 FU Hawaiian Macadamia Nut Association FX We thank H. Brown (MacFimos, Captain Cook, HI) and J. Trump (Island Harvest, Kapaau, HI) for providing access to study plots and logistical support. We acknowledge the assistance of B. Lower, J. D'Amato, F. Usher, and E. Souza (USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI) in processing samples and recording data. V. Jones (Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA) and C. Burk (USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA) provided helpful reviews of an early draft of the paper. This research was funded partly through a grant from the Hawaiian Macadamia Nut Association. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1168 EP 1173 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479KZ UT WOS:000268659500025 PM 19689896 ER PT J AU Frank, DL Leskey, TC Bergh, JC AF Frank, D. L. Leskey, T. C. Bergh, J. C. TI Postmating Behavior of Female Dogwood Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in Apple Orchards SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Synanthedon scitula; dogwood borer; Sesiidae; behavior; apple ID LESSER PEACHTREE BORER; TREE BORER; NEW-YORK; BIOLOGY; INFESTATION; ROOTSTOCKS; PYRALIDAE; MOTH AB The postmating behavior of female dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), was examined in a young apple orchard planted on size-controlling rootstock in Virginia. All female dogwood borers captured while exhibiting casting flight near the base of trees were mated, based on the presence of a spermatophore. Surveys of female activity within orchards were conducted at regular intervals throughout the daylight hours, showing a diel periodicity that peaked between 1700 and 1900 hours, with most females located below the graft union of trees. A transition matrix based on 1,108 behavioral sequences exhibited by 66 females was used to produce a first-order Markov chain of behavioral events that occurred significantly more often than expected by chance. Casting flight, probing with ovipositor, and oviposition were the most frequent behaviors observed, representing 31.7, 30.0, and 18.1% of all behaviors recorded, respectively. Our observations showed that 88, 99, and 99% of casting flight, probing with the ovipositor, and oviposition, respectively, occurred below the graft union. Observed behaviors considered not directly related to oviposition site selection or oviposition included antennal grooming, noncasting flight, and resting, representing 1.3, 8.3, and 10.6% of all behaviors recorded, respectively. Mated females spent significantly more time resting than in other behaviors and significantly more time in that state within the apple tree canopy than on other parts of the tree. Results are discussed in relation to the influence of insect-host plant interactions on oviposition site selection by female dogwood borer. C1 [Frank, D. L.; Bergh, J. C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. [Leskey, T. C.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Frank, DL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. EM dlfrank@vt.edu FU USDA [2005-34103-1.5592] FX We thank S. Wright and J. Engelman for technical assistance. We also thank J. Marker, J. Snapp, and R. Solenberger for allowing access to their orchards. This work was supported in part by award 2005-34103-1.5592 from the USDA CSREES Southern Regional integrated pest management (IPM) Program. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1219 EP 1225 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479KZ UT WOS:000268659500032 PM 19689903 ER PT J AU Marshall, JM Storer, AJ Fraser, I Beachy, JA Mastro, VC AF Marshall, Jordan M. Storer, Andrew J. Fraser, Ivich Beachy, Jessica A. Mastro, Victor C. TI Effectiveness of Differing Trap Types for the Detection of Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE emerald ash borer; trap tree; tree stress; Agrilus planipennis; Fraxinus ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA AB The early detection of populations of a forest pest is important to begin initial control efforts, minimizing the risk of further spread and impact. Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) is an introduced pestiferous insect of ash (Fraxinus spp. L.) in North America. The effectiveness of trapping techniques, including girdled trap trees with sticky bands and purple prism traps, was tested in areas with low- and high-density populations of emerald ash borer. At both densities, large girdled trap trees (>30 cm diameter at breast height [dbh], 1.37 m in height) captured a higher rate of adult beetles per day than smaller trees. However, the odds of detecting emerald ash borer increased as the dbh of the tree increased by I cm for trap trees 15-25 cm dbh. Ash species used for the traps differed in the number of larvae per cubic centimeter of phloem. Emerald ash borer larvae were more likely to be detected below, compared with above, the crown base of the trap tree. While larval densities within a trap tree were related to the species of ash, adult capture rates were not. These results provide support for focusing state and regional detection programs on the detection of emerald ash borer adults. If bark peeling for larvae is incorporated into these programs, peeling efforts focused below the crown base may increase likelihood of identifying new infestations while reducing labor costs. Associating traps with larger trees (approximate to 25 cm dbh) may increase the odds of detecting low-density populations of emerald ash borer, possibly reducing the time between infestation establishment and implementing management strategies. C1 [Marshall, Jordan M.; Storer, Andrew J.; Beachy, Jessica A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Fraser, Ivich] USDA APHIS PPQ, Emerald Ash Borer Project, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. RP Marshall, JM (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM jmmarsha@mtu.edu RI Marshall, Jordan/B-1934-2009 OI Marshall, Jordan/0000-0001-6024-3758 FU USDA-APHIS FX We thank J. Bosma, J. Breuker, J. Fredrick, M. Freeman, R. Koch, E. VanWormer, and J. Witkowski from Michigan Technological University, as well as B. Boegler, G. Christin, K. Donavan, K. Gies, M. Haack, L. Loievsky, M. Rietz, N. Smith, and J. Warlick from USDA-APHIS-PPQ, for assistance in the implementation and maintenance of this study. We also thank the private land owners for access to their properties. Funding for this research was provided by the USDA-APHIS Accelerated emerald ash borer Research Program. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 23 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1226 EP 1234 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479KZ UT WOS:000268659500033 PM 19689904 ER PT J AU Kendra, PE Montgomery, WS Epsky, ND Heath, RR AF Kendra, Paul E. Montgomery, Wayne S. Epsky, Nancy D. Heath, Robert R. TI Electroantennogram and Behavioral Responses of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Putrescine and Ammonium Bicarbonate Lures SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean fruit fly; synthetic attractants; 1,4-diaminobutane; olfaction; semiochemicals ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANT; 1,4-DIAMINOBUTANE PUTRESCINE; YEAST HYDROLYSATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FOOD; SENSILLA; CAPTURE; BAIT AB At present, the most effective synthetic lures for pest Anastrepha fruit flies are multicomponent blends that include ammonia and the diamine synergist putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane). Both chemicals generally have been regarded as protein cues that result in female-biased attraction. Using electroantennography (EAG) and flight tunnel bioassays, this study evaluated response of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) to vapors released from commercial lure formulations of ammonium bicarbonate and putrescine. Over a range of doses tested, EAG response to ammonium bicarbonate was equivalent for both sexes, but female response was significantly greater than male response to putrescine and to a 1:1 mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and putrescine. Amplitude of EAG response to the mixture was approximately equal to the summation of responses to the individual substrates. Using a fixed dose of substrate, EAG measurements from females 1-14 d old indicated that antennal sensitivity to both lures varied according to physiological state of the fly. Peak response to ammonium bicarbonate was recorded from immature females, peak response to putrescine from sexually mature females. In bioassays, more females were captured with ammonium bicarbonate plus putrescine than with ammonium bicarbonate alone. This difference was not observed in males, resulting in a higher female to male ratio in captures with ammonium bicarbonate plus putreseine (3:1) versus ammonium bicarbonate alone (1:1). Results suggest that separate olfactory receptors are involved in detection of the two semiochemicals, and that the putrescine component is primarily responsible for the female-biased attraction. C1 [Kendra, Paul E.; Montgomery, Wayne S.; Epsky, Nancy D.; Heath, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Kendra, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM paul.kendra@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1259 EP 1266 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479KZ UT WOS:000268659500037 PM 19689908 ER PT J AU Michel, AP Zhang, W Jung, JK Kang, ST Mian, MAR AF Michel, Andrew P. Zhang, Wei Jung, Jin Kyo Kang, Sung-Taeg Mian, M. A. Rouf TI Population Genetic Structure of Aphis glycines SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soybean aphid; Aphis glycines; microsatellites; population genetic structure ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; SOYBEAN APHID; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; GOSSYPII GLOVER; FABAE SCOPOLI; BLACK APHID; PLANT; HEMIPTERA AB The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is an invasive pest of cultivated soybean (Glycine max L.) in North America. After the initial invasion in 2000, the aphid has quickly spread across most of the United States and Canada, suggesting large-scale dispersal and rapid adaptation to new environments. Using microsatellite markers front closely related species, we compared the genetic diversity and the amount of genetic differentiation within and among 2 South Korean and 10 North American Populations. Overall allelic polymorphism was low, never exceeding four alleles per locus. However, differences in genetic diversity were seen among South Korean and North American populations in terms of heterozygote excesses and genotypic richness. Within North America, two populations (Michigan and Ontario), had lower genetic diversities and exhibited high genetic differentiation compared with the remaining eight Populations. The earlier collection time of Michigan, and Ontario samples explained the genetic differences better than geographic subdivisions. These data indicate a pattern of small colonizing populations on soybeans, followed by rapid clonal amplification and subsequent large-scale dispersal across North America. C1 [Michel, Andrew P.; Zhang, Wei] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Jung, Jin Kyo; Kang, Sung-Taeg] RDA, Natl Inst Crop Sci, Suwon 441857, South Korea. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Michel, AP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, 1680 Madison Mean, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM michel.70@osu.edu RI Michel, Andrew/B-5329-2012 FU OARDC; The Ohio State University; The Ohio Soybean Council [OSC 082-08] FX The authors thank N. Davila-Olivas and N. Vasudeva for help with data generation. North American samples were collected by D. Ragsdale, J. Knodel, M. Rice, E. Lindroth, B. McCornack, E. Cullen, K. Steffey, M. Gardiner, aod T. Baute. We thank NI. Elena and T. Joobeur at Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center at OARDC for technical support. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided by OARDC, The Ohio State University, and The Ohio Soybean Council (OSC 082-08). NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1301 EP 1311 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479KZ UT WOS:000268659500042 PM 19689913 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Bagley, MJ Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Sappington, TW AF Kim, Kyung Seok Bagley, Mark J. Coates, Brad S. Hellmich, Richard L. Sappington, Thomas W. TI Spatial and Temporal Genetic Analyses Show High Gene Flow Among European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Populations Across the Central US Corn Belt SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Ostrinia nubilalis; population genetics; gene flow; dispersal; microsatellites ID NUBILALIS HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; MICROSATELLITE NULL ALLELES; GRAIN AGGREGATION PLOTS; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; INSECT RESISTANCE; BT-MAIZE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; FRENCH POPULATIONS; PHEROMONE STRAINS AB European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), adults were sampled at 13 sites along two perpendicular 720-km transects intersecting in central Iowa and for the following two generations at four of the same sites separated by 240 km in the cardinal directions. More than 50 moths from each sample location and time were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. Spatial analyses indicated that there is no spatial genetic structuring between European corn borer populations sampled 720 km apart at the extremes of the transects and no pattern of genetic isolation by distance at that geographic scale. Although these results suggest high gene flow over the spatial scale tested, it is possible that populations have not had time to diverge since the central Corn Belt was invaded by this insect approximate to 60 yr ago. However, temporal analyses of genetic changes in single locations overtime suggest that the rate of migration is indeed very high. The results of this study suggest that the geographic dimensions of European corn borer populations are quite large, indicating that monitoring for resistance to transgenic Bt corn at widely separated distances is justified, at least in the central Corn Belt. High gene flow further implies that resistance to Bt corn may be slow to evolve, but once it does develop, it may spread geographically with such speed that mitigation strategies will have to be implemented quickly to be effective. C1 [Kim, Kyung Seok; Coates, Brad S.; Hellmich, Richard L.; Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bagley, Mark J.] US EPA, NERL, Mol Ecol Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Tom.Sappington@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES NRI [2005-35302-16119] FX We thank R. Ritland, B. Reardon, S. Danzer, M. Dilks, J. Gibson, G. Heitoff, A. Kronback, B. Larson, and N. Passalano for technical assistance with the collections; J. Gibson, L. Fraser and M. Minner for technical assistance in the laboratory; and N. Miller and U. Stolz for helpful comments during the course of the project. This project was supported in part by USDA-CSREES NRI Grant 2005-35302-16119. NR 104 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1312 EP 1323 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479KZ UT WOS:000268659500043 PM 19689914 ER PT J AU Zhang, YJ He, HS Dijak, WD Yang, J Shifley, SR Palik, BJ AF Zhang, Yangjian He, Hong S. Dijak, William D. Yang, Jian Shifley, Stephen R. Palik, Brian J. TI Integration of Satellite Imagery and Forest Inventory in Mapping Dominant and Associated Species at a Regional Scale SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecoregion; Forest Inventory and Analysis; Land ownership; Landsat Thematic Mapper; Species composition; Stand size ID UNITED-STATES; MISSOURI OZARKS; LANDSCAPE; CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION; FIRE; USA; MANAGEMENT; AMERICA; GROWTH AB To achieve the overall objective of restoring natural environment and sustainable resource usability, each forest management practice effect needs to be predicted using a simulation model. Previous simulation efforts were typically confined to public land. Comprehensive forest management practices entail incorporating interactions between public and private land. To make inclusion of private land into management planning feasible at the regional scale, this study uses a new method of combining Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data with remotely sensed forest group data to retrieve detailed species composition and age information for the Missouri Ozark Highlands. Remote sensed forest group and land form data inferred from topography were integrated to produce distinct combinations (ecotypes). Forest types and size classes were assigned to ecotypes based on their proportions in the FIA data. Then tree species and tree age determined from FIA subplots stratified by forest type and size class were assigned to pixels for the entire study area. The resulting species composition map can improve simulation model performance in that it has spatially explicit and continuous information of dominant and associated species, and tree ages that are unavailable from either satellite imagery or forest inventory data. In addition, the resulting species map revealed that public land and private land in Ozark Highlands differ in species composition and stand size. Shortleaf pine is a co-dominant species in public land, whereas it becomes a minor species in private land. Public forest is older than private forest. Both public and private forests have deviated from historical forest condition in terms of species composition. Based on possible reasons causing the deviation discussed in this study, corresponding management avenues that can assist in restoring natural environment were recommended. C1 [Zhang, Yangjian; He, Hong S.; Yang, Jian] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dijak, William D.; Shifley, Stephen R.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Zhang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM zhangyang@crssa.rutgers.edu RI Yang, Jian/H-3169-2011; Zhang, Yangjian/D-1012-2014; OI Yang, Jian/0000-0002-2170-589X; He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 FU US Forest Service North Central Research Station FX Funding support is from US Forest Service North Central Research Station. We thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful reviews on the manuscript. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 312 EP 323 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9307-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477BP UT WOS:000268492100010 PM 19488811 ER PT J AU Singh, N Ma, LQ Vu, JC Raj, A AF Singh, Nandita Ma, Lena Q. Vu, Joseph C. Raj, Anshita TI Effects of arsenic on nitrate metabolism in arsenic hyperaccumulating and non-hyperaccumulating ferns SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Nitrate metabolism; Pteris vittata; Arsenic hyperaccumulator; Pteris ensiformis; Nitrate reductase; Nitrite reductase ID TOLERANT HOLCUS-LANATUS; PHOSPHATE-UPTAKE SYSTEM; PTERIS-ENSIFORMIS L; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS; NITRITE REDUCTASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; METAL TOLERANCE; PROTEIN-CONTENT AB This study investigated the effects of arsenic on the in vitro activities of the enzymes (nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase) involved in nitrate metabolism in the roots, rhizomes, and fronds of four-month old Pteris vittata (arsenic - hyperaccumulator) and Pteris ensiformis (non-arsenic-hyperaccumulator) plants. The arsenic treatments (0, 150, and 300 mu M as sodium arsenate) in hydroponics had adverse effects on the root and frond dry weights, and this effect was more evident in P ensiformis than in P vittata. Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activities of arsenate-treated plants were reduced more in P. ensiformis than in P. vittata. This effect was accompanied by similar decreases in tissue NO3- concentrations. Therefore, this decrease is interpreted as being indirect, i.e., the consequence of the reduced NO3 - uptake and translocation in the plants. The study shows the difference in the tolerance level of the two Pteris species with varying sensitivity to arsenic. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Singh, Nandita; Ma, Lena Q.] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Vu, Joseph C.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Vu, Joseph C.] ARS, USDA, Chem Res Unit, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Singh, Nandita; Raj, Anshita] Natl Bot Res Inst, Ecoauditing Grp, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Ma, LQ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lqma@ufl.edu RI Ma, Lena/E-5854-2010 OI Ma, Lena/0000-0002-8463-9957 FU National Science Foundation [BES-0132114] FX This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (Grant BES-0132114). Nandita Singh is thankful to the U.S. Department of States for the Fulbright Scholarship, and CSIR, India for granting deputation to work in UF. Nandita Singh and Anshita Raj are thankful to the Director, NBRI for his support and encouragement. We gratefully acknowledge the analytical assistance provided by Mr. Thomas Luongo. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG-SEP PY 2009 VL 157 IS 8-9 BP 2300 EP 2305 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.03.036 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 465LM UT WOS:000267586200016 PM 19406540 ER PT J AU Wang, D Browne, G Gao, S Hanson, B Gerik, J Qin, R Tharayil, N AF Wang, D. Browne, G. Gao, S. Hanson, B. Gerik, J. Qin, R. Tharayil, N. TI Spot Fumigation: Fumigant Gas Dispersion and Emission Characteristics SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; SOIL FUMIGATION; PLASTIC FILM; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; VOLATILIZATION; FIELD; CHLOROPICRIN; INJECTION; CHAMBER AB Reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fumigant pesticides is mandatory in California, especially in "nonattainment areas" like the San Joaquin Valley that do not meet federal air quality standards. A two-year field study was conducted to examine the feasibility of site-specific fumigant application only at future tree sites with dramatically reduced amounts of fumigant chemicals on an orchard basis. Soil gas distribution and atmospheric emission of 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin were measured after applying InLine using subsurface drip irrigation. It was predicted that except in the surface 20 cm of soil, satisfactory pest control could be achieved within a 15 cm radius from the injection point Also, at radial distances of 15-51 cm from the point of fumigant injection, effective nematode control may be achieved. Cumulative atmospheric emission of the fumigants was estimated to be 18-23% of the applied active ingredients in plots that had been cover cropped with Sudan grass and 2-6% in plots that had remained bare for several months before treatment. Considering the significantly small amount of fumigant used on an orchard basis, the spot drip fumigation may achieve a 10-fold reduction in atmospheric VOCs load from fumigant pesticides. C1 [Wang, D.; Gao, S.; Hanson, B.; Gerik, J.; Qin, R.; Tharayil, N.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Browne, G.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dong.wang@ars.usda.gov RI Qin, Ruijun/F-3469-2011 FU USDA-ARS Pacific Area-wide Methyl Bromide Alternatives Program FX The authors would like to thank Jim Gartung, Torn Pflaum, Robert Shenk, Allison Kenyon, Nancy Goodell, Curtis Koga, Ricardo Zapien, Matt Gonzales, Stella Zambrzuski, Ashley Torres, Christine Rainbolt, and Patricia Mungur for various aspects in fumigant application, sample collection, and chemical analysis. We also want to acknowledge TriCal Inc. for donating the InLine chemicals and partial grant support from the USDA-ARS Pacific Area-wide Methyl Bromide Alternatives Program. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 5783 EP 5789 DI 10.1021/es9015662 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600038 PM 19731677 ER PT J AU Kurpad, AV Kao, C Dwarkanath, P Muthayya, S Mhaskar, A Thomas, A Vaz, M Jahoor, F AF Kurpad, A. V. Kao, C. Dwarkanath, P. Muthayya, S. Mhaskar, A. Thomas, A. Vaz, M. Jahoor, F. TI In vivo arginine production and nitric oxide synthesis in pregnant Indian women with normal and low body mass indices SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE arginine production; nitric oxide synthesis; maternal weight; maternal body mass index ID NULLIPAROUS WOMEN; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PREECLAMPSIA; OUTCOMES; HEMODYNAMICS; RISK AB Background/Objectives: Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed as a mediator of vascular expansion during pregnancy. Inability to increase NO synthesis and/or production of its precursor, arginine, may be a contributor to pregnancy-induced hypertension or preeclampsia. Because maternal weight is associated with blood pressure and risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy, it may also influence arginine and/or NO production. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo arginine production and NO synthesis rate in pregnant women with normal (n = 10) and low (n = 10) body mass indices (BMIs). Subjects/Methods: Arginine flux and NO synthesis rate were measured in the postabsorptive state with constant infusions of (15)N(2)-arginine and (13)C, (2)H(4)-citrulline. Plasma concentrations of arginine and NO metabolites were also measured. Kinetic parameters were correlated to maternal variables, gestational age, birth weight and blood pressure. Results: Endogenous arginine flux was significantly faster in the low-BMI compared with normal-BMI women in the first trimester (63.1 +/- 3.4 vs 50.2 +/- 2.0 mu mol/kg per h, P<0.01), but not in the second. Plasma NO concentration was higher (44.7 +/- 5.3 vs 30.4 +/- 1.9 mu mol/l, P = 0.03) and its rate of synthesis trended faster in the low-BMI compared with normal-BMI group in the second trimester. Maternal weight and BMI were negatively correlated with arginine flux in both trimesters and NO synthesis in the second trimester. Conclusions: These findings suggest, but do not prove, that maternal BMI may be a factor in the ability to produce NO during pregnancy and may be one way by which BMI influences blood pressure during pregnancy. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, 1091-1097; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.24; published online 13 May 2009 C1 [Jahoor, F.] USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kurpad, A. V.; Dwarkanath, P.; Muthayya, S.] St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, St Johns Res Inst, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Kao, C.] Baylor Coll Med, Sect Pulm Crit Care Sleep Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Mhaskar, A.; Thomas, A.; Vaz, M.] St Johns Natl Acad Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM fjahoor@bcm.tmc.edu FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement [58-6250-6001] FX We thank the nursing staff of the Obstetrics and Gynecology ward at St John's Medical College Hospital for their care of the subjects, and Margaret Frazer, Melanie Del Rosario, Manhong Wu and Anil Jahoor for their excellent work in the laboratory analyzing the samples. This research was supported with federal funds from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement Number 58-6250-6001. All authors contributed to the production of this paper, from the design of the study, data collection, analysis and interpretation and writing of the paper. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 63 IS 9 BP 1091 EP 1097 DI 10.1038/ejcn.2009.24 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 490RF UT WOS:000269520300007 PM 19436322 ER PT J AU Malkus, A Song, QJ Cregan, P Arseniuk, E Ueng, PP AF Malkus, Arkadiusz Song, Qijian Cregan, Perry Arseniuk, Edward Ueng, Peter P. TI Genetic linkage map of Phaeosphaeria nodorum, the causal agent of stagonospora nodorum blotch disease of wheat SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLP; Ascomycetes; ISSR; RAPD ID SEPTORIA-NODORUM; MYCOSPHAERELLA-GRAMINICOLA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MATING-TYPE; P-AVENARIA; PATHOGEN; FUNGAL; AGGRESSIVENESS; DIVERSITY; VIRULENCE AB A genetic linkage map of the fungal pathogen Phaeosphaeria nodorum, the causal agent of stagonospora nodorum blotch disease of wheat, was created. A total of 152 ascospore-derived progeny from a single pseudothecium, which resulted from a cross of two opposite mating type isolates, Sn37-1 and S-81-B13B, was analysed with AFLP, RAPD, ISSR, expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived microsatellite primers and sequence tagged site markers developed from specific genes. The genetic linkage map consisted of 276 molecular markers, and included markers developed from five genes [Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), malate synthase (Mls1), mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (Mpd1), mating type (MAT1) and RNA polymerase II (RPB2)], which were assigned to 21 major linkage groups (LGs). The total length of the 21 major LGs was 1,932.1 centiMorgans (cM) with an average spacing of 6.88 cM between loci. The idiomorph mating type gene (MAT1) loci was placed in LG 2 and was closely linked to RAPD marker A4-680. On the other hand, 24 molecular markers and four gene loci [beta-glucosidase (bgl1), histidinol dehydrogenase (Hdh2), mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (Mpd2), and xylanase (Xyl 10-2)] were dispersed in 11 minor LGs. The segregation ratio of the xylanase (Xyl 10-1) locus was distorted and not mapped. This is the first genetic linkage map reported for this important foliar pathogen of wheat. In combination with the genomic sequence of P. nodorum strain SN15 (http://www.broad.mit.edu), the availability of a genetic linkage map of this organism would be an important tool to investigate quantitative trait loci (QTL) of biologically important phenotypes and for positional cloning. C1 [Malkus, Arkadiusz; Arseniuk, Edward] Plant Breeding & Acclimatizat Inst, Dept Plant Pathol, Radzikow, Poland. [Song, Qijian] Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Song, Qijian; Cregan, Perry] Beltsville Agr Univ, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ueng, Peter P.] ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Malkus, A (reprint author), Plant Breeding & Acclimatizat Inst, Dept Plant Pathol, Radzikow, Poland. EM a.malkus@ihar.edu.pl NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 124 IS 4 BP 681 EP 690 DI 10.1007/s10658-009-9454-y PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 462XW UT WOS:000267393200013 ER PT J AU Ayrilmis, N Laufenberg, TL Winandy, JE AF Ayrilmis, Nadir Laufenberg, Theodore L. Winandy, Jerrold E. TI Dimensional stability and creep behavior of heat-treated exterior medium density fiberboard SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID ORIENTED-STRANDBOARD; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; MDF PANELS; WOOD; OSB; PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITES; CELLULOSE; FIBERS AB A series of commercial phenol-formaldehyde bonded MDF panels were exposed to a post-manufacture heat-treatment at various temperatures and durations using a hot press and just enough pressure to ensure firm contact between the panel and the press platens. Physical properties and static flexural strengths of the post heat-treated MDF panels were evaluated according to ASTM D 1037 (2002). The results indicated that the post-manufacture heat-treatment of the exterior MDF panels resulted in improvement of thickness swelling. Water absorption and linear expansion properties were adversely affected by the heat-treatment. Modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity values of the heat-treated panels decreased with increasing treatment temperature. A series of three 12-week creep tests were performed in climatic chambers conditioned at 65% RH, 90% RH, and cyclic 65-90% RH, all at a steady temperature of 20 A degrees C. The creep tests generally followed procedures as specified in ASTM D 6815-02a (2002). Creep deflections of the panels increased with increasing temperature of the post heat-treatment. C1 [Ayrilmis, Nadir] Istanbul Univ, Dept Wood Mech & Technol, Fac Forestry, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. [Laufenberg, Theodore L.; Winandy, Jerrold E.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Ayrilmis, N (reprint author), Istanbul Univ, Dept Wood Mech & Technol, Fac Forestry, TR-34473 Istanbul, Turkey. EM nadiray@istanbul.edu.tr RI Ayrilmis, Nadir/F-1573-2015 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0018-3768 J9 EUR J WOOD WOOD PROD JI Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 67 IS 3 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s00107-009-0311-7 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 474UQ UT WOS:000268310100006 ER PT J AU Groot, AT Inglis, O Bowdridge, S Santangelo, RG Blanco, C Lopez, JD Vargas, AT Gould, F Schal, C AF Groot, Astrid T. Inglis, Olive Bowdridge, Scott Santangelo, Richard G. Blanco, Carlos Lopez, Juan D., Jr. Teran Vargas, Antonio Gould, Fred Schal, Coby TI GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN MOTH CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Experience; female sex pheromone; Heliothis subflexa; Heliothis virescens; male response; phenotypic plasticity; selection ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HOST-SELECTION PRINCIPLE; SUSTAINED-FLIGHT TUNNEL; UTETHEISA-ORNATRIX; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES AB In moth pheromone communication signals, both quantitative and qualitative intraspecific differences have been found across geographic regions. Such variation has generally been hypothesized to be due to selection, but evidence of genetic control of these differences is largely lacking. To explore the patterns of variation in pheromone signals, we quantified variation in the female sex pheromone blend and male responses of two closely related noctuid moth species in five different geographic regions for 2-3 consecutive years. We found significant variation in the ratios of sex pheromone blend components as well as in male response, not only between geographic regions but also within a region between consecutive years. The temporal variation was of a similar magnitude as the geographic variation. As far as we know, this is the first study reporting such temporal variation in moth chemical communication systems. The geographic variation seems to at least partly be controlled by genetic factors, and to be correlated with the quality of the local chemical environment. However, the pattern of temporal variation within populations suggests that optimization of the pheromonal signal also may be driven by within-generation physiological adjustments by the moths in response to their experience of the local chemical environment. C1 [Groot, Astrid T.; Inglis, Olive; Bowdridge, Scott; Santangelo, Richard G.; Gould, Fred; Schal, Coby] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Groot, Astrid T.; Inglis, Olive; Bowdridge, Scott; Santangelo, Richard G.; Gould, Fred; Schal, Coby] N Carolina State Univ, WM Keck Ctr Behav Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Blanco, Carlos] USDA ARS SIMRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Lopez, Juan D., Jr.] USDA ARS SPARC, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Teran Vargas, Antonio] Campo Expt Tamaulipas, Est Cuauhtemoc 89610, Tamaulipas, Mexico. RP Groot, AT (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Entomol, Hans Knoell Str 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM agroot@ice.mpg.de RI Schal, Coby/A-8717-2010; Groot, Astrid/A-8954-2013 OI Schal, Coby/0000-0001-7195-6358; Groot, Astrid/0000-0001-9595-0161 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [2005-00896]; W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology; Blanton J. Whitmire Endowment at North Carolina State University FX We thank Cavell Brownie for help with the statistical analysis, Ricardo Ayala from the Biological Research Station of the University of Mexico in Chamela, Jalisco, for all logistical help in Jalisco, MX, Pepe Orozco (Autlan, MX), Vittorio Rincon (Chamela, MX), Francisco Moreno (Hidalgo, MX), Randy Bailey (Oxford, NC), and Erwin Massengil (Smithfield, NC) for granting access to their fields, and Reid Evans and Cathy Herring from Central Crops Research Station Clayton, North Carolina, for assisting with maintenance of the field plot in Clayton. This research was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES), grant # 2005-00896, the W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, and the Blanton J. Whitmire Endowment at North Carolina State University. NR 127 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD AUG PY 2009 VL 63 IS 8 BP 1987 EP 2003 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00702.x PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 477PQ UT WOS:000268531400006 PM 19473383 ER PT J AU Dentinger, BTM Lodge, DJ Munkacsi, AB Desjardin, DE McLaughlin, DJ AF Dentinger, Bryn T. M. Lodge, D. Jean Munkacsi, Andrew B. Desjardin, Dennis E. McLaughlin, David J. TI PHYLOGENETIC PLACEMENT OF AN UNUSUAL CORAL MUSHROOM CHALLENGES THE CLASSIC HYPOTHESIS OF STRICT COEVOLUTION IN THE APTEROSTIGMA PILOSUM GROUP ANT-FUNGUS MUTUALISM SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Attine; clavarioid fungi; fungus-growing ant; molecular systematics; morphological evolution; parametric bootstrap; Pterulaceae; Symbiosis ID LEAF-CUTTING ANTS; GROWING ANTS; MICROBE SYMBIOSIS; LIVE NEST; EVOLUTION; AGRICULTURE; SIGNATURES AB The similar to 50 million-year-old fungus-farming ant mutualism is a classic example of coevolution, involving ants that subsist on asexual, fungal biomass, in turn propagating the fungus clonally through nest-to-nest transmission. Most mutualistic ants cultivate two closely related groups of gilled mushrooms, whereas one small group of ants in the genus Apterostigma cultivates a distantly related lineage comprised of the G2 and G4 groups. The G2 and G4 fungi were previously shown to form a monophyletic group sister to the thread-like coral mushroom family Pterulaceae. Here, we identify an enigmatic coral mushroom that produces both fertile and sterile fruiting structures as the closest free-living relative of the G4 fungi, challenging the monophyly of the Apterostigma-cultivated fungi for the first time. Both nonparametric bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probability support the node leading to the G4 cultivars and a free-living Pterula mushroom. These data suggest three scenarios that contradict the hypothesis of strict coevolution: (1) multiple domestications, (2) escape from domestication, (3) selection of single cultivar lineages from an ancestral mixed-fungus garden. These results illustrate how incomplete phylogenies for coevolved symbionts impede our understanding of the patterns and processes of coevolution. C1 [Dentinger, Bryn T. M.; McLaughlin, David J.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Lodge, D. Jean] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, USDA, No Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Munkacsi, Andrew B.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Munkacsi, Andrew B.] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Human Nutr, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Desjardin, Dennis E.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Dentinger, BTM (reprint author), Royal Ontario Museum, Dept Nat Hist, 100 Queens Pk, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. EM bryn.masondentinger@utoronto.ca; dlodge@fs.fed.us; am2738@columbia.edu; ded@sfsu.edu; davem@umn.edu RI Desjardin, Dennis/D-4201-2013 FU Bell Museum of Natural History; John W. Hall Memorial Research Fund (University of Minnesota); Bush Sabbatical Fellowship (University of Minnesota); NSF [DEB-9306578, EF-0228671, DEB-0103621] FX BTMD would especially like to thank I. Charvat, R. Mason Dentinger, N. Gerardo, S. Lanyon, J-M Moncalvo, G. Weiblen, R. Zink, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments and advice. Additional assistance was provided by J. Carranza, M. Castellano, R. Halling, M. Mata, G. Mueller, K. Nakasone, J. Pan, B. Strack, Proyecto Campanario (especially N. Aitkin and P. Zamora), The Quetzal Education and Research Center (especially Z. Finkenbinder), and the Tiputini Biodiversity Station (especially D. Mosquera, M. Rodriguez, and D. Romo). DJM thanks B. Tan and T. Koon Tan, National University of Singapore, and R. Kiew and the Garden staff at the Singapore Botanic Gardens and Herbarium. This work was supported in part by Dayton and Wilkie Natural History Funds from the Bell Museum of Natural History to BTMD, and John W. Hall Memorial Research Fund (University of Minnesota), a Bush Sabbatical Fellowship (University of Minnesota), and in part by NSF DEB-9306578 and NSF EF-0228671 to DJM. DJL was supported by NSF grant DEB-0103621 to the State University of New York, College at Cortland in collaboration with the US Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. DJL especially thanks her co-principal investigator, Dr. T. J. Baroni at NY, and the following people at the Conservation Division of the Belize Forestry Department: Dr. L. Quiroz, Natalie Rosado, Hector Mai, Marcelo Windsor and J. Pinelo. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD AUG PY 2009 VL 63 IS 8 BP 2172 EP 2178 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00697.x PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 477PQ UT WOS:000268531400020 PM 19453731 ER PT J AU Williams, KL Griffiths, SW Nislow, KH McKelvey, S Armstrong, JD AF Williams, K. L. Griffiths, S. W. Nislow, K. H. McKelvey, S. Armstrong, J. D. TI Response of juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, to the introduction of salmon carcasses in upland streams SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carcass addition; marine derived nutrients; oligotrophic; Salmo salar; Scotland ID PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; ALASKA STREAMS; GROWTH; FISH; TROUT; ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENTS; SURVIVAL; MARKERS AB P>The role of nutrients in the production of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in oligotrophic upland catchments is poorly understood. Atlantic salmon carcasses were introduced to 12 upland streams in the River Conon catchment, Scotland, UK, to assess potential nutrient limitation and evaluate a potential role for migratory Atlantic salmon in nutrient import. The objective was to test the hypothesis that nutrient supplementation would increase juvenile Atlantic salmon biomass. Streams received one of six treatment levels up to a maximum of one carcass per 15 m(2) of wetted area with duplicates at each level, and study areas were sampled to measure salmon biomass in treated and reference reaches. There was a significant positive relationship between treatment addition level and response of juvenile salmon biomass. At higher carcass addition levels, salmon biomass in treatment sections was approximately twice that in paired reference sections. The results are discussed in the light of management methods in upland regions and the likely role of cultural oligotrophication in suppressing current levels of salmon production. C1 [Williams, K. L.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, UMASS, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [McKelvey, S.] Conon & Alness Dist Salmon Fishery Board, By Muir Of Ord, Ross Shire, Scotland. [Armstrong, J. D.] Fisheries Res Serv, Freshwater Lab, Pitlochry, Perthshire, Scotland. [Williams, K. L.; Griffiths, S. W.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. RP Williams, KL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, UMASS, 201 Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM knislow@fs.fed.us RI Griffiths, Sian/A-5240-2010 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X EI 1365-2400 J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2009.00673.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 469FR UT WOS:000267881800004 ER PT J AU Laparra, JM Glahn, RP Millera, DD AF Laparra, Jose Moises Glahn, Raymond P. Millera, Dennis D. TI Effect of tea phenolics on iron uptake from different fortificants by Caco-2 cells SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Tea; Phenolics; Iron uptake; Antioxidants; Caco-2 cells ID GREEN TEA; DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; NONHEME-IRON; BIOAVAILABILITY; CATECHINS; FOODS; AVAILABILITY; POLYPHENOLS; ABSORPTION; OXIDATION AB The in vitro effects of tea phenolics on Fe uptake from different fortificants (FeSO(4), FeCl(3), FeEDTA) by Caco-2 cells were compared. Cell cultures were exposed to catechin, tannic acid, green or black tea solutions, added within Fe-containing solution, or used to pre-treat cell cultures before Fe-exposure. Cell ferritin formation was used as a measure of Fe uptake. Reverse phase chromatography was used to identify specific phenolics in tea solutions, and the Fe-binding catechol and galloyl groups were determined spectrophotometrically. The results showed a positive effect of catechin on Fe uptake only from dissociable Fe sources, and a marked inhibitory effect of tannic acid regardless of the Fe source. Tea phenolics exhibit similar inhibitory patterns on Fe uptake from FeCl(3) and FeEDTA solutions; however, the Fe uptake from FeSO(4) solutions was significantly less affected. These data improve the understanding of interactions by which tea phenolics affect Fe uptake at the intestinal level. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Laparra, Jose Moises; Millera, Dennis D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, Raymond P.] ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Laparra, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mlaparra@iata.csic.es OI Laparra Llopis, Jose Moises/0000-0002-9378-2552 FU Spanish Government FX The USDA Plant, Soil and Nutrition laboratory and Cornell University supported this work. Dr. Jos. Mois s Laparra was sponsored as a Fulbright Scholar and supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Government. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 115 IS 3 BP 974 EP 981 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.018 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 435MN UT WOS:000265348100030 ER PT J AU Takeoka, GR Wong, RY Dao, L Felker, P AF Takeoka, Gary R. Wong, Rosalind Y. Dao, Lan Felker, Peter TI Identification of 5,6-dihydro-6-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one as the major volatile constituent in mesquite (Prosopis) flour SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Flavour; Dynamic headspace sampling; Mesquite pods ID UNSATURATED LACTONES; DELTA-LACTONES; CLONING; FLAVOR; TREES; ELITE AB Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) are woody leguminous plants that belong to the family Leguminosae and grow in and and semiarid regions of America, Africa and Asia. Prosopis spp. produce indehiscent fruit (pods) that can be milled to yield flour that is sold commercially and is used in pastries and baked goods. The major volatile constituent of mesquite flour was identified as 5,6-dihydro-6-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one on the basis of its Kovats index and mass spectrum. Using delta-nonalactone as an internal standard its concentration was determined to be 59.75 +/- 7.07 mg/kg (n = 3). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Takeoka, Gary R.; Wong, Rosalind Y.; Dao, Lan] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Felker, Peter] DArrigo Bros, Salinas, CA 93902 USA. RP Takeoka, GR (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gary.takeoka@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 115 IS 3 BP 1025 EP 1027 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.081 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 435MN UT WOS:000265348100038 ER PT J AU Yadav, MP Johnston, DB Hicks, KB AF Yadav, Madhav P. Johnston, David B. Hicks, Kevin B. TI Corn fiber gum: New structure/function relationships for this potential beverage flavor stabilizer SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Hydrocolloids Conference CY JUN 15-19, 2008 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Natl Univ Singapore, Food Sci & Technol Programme, Dept Chem DE Corn fiber; Arabinoxylan; Emulsions; Emulsifier; Homogenization ID LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; MAIZE BRAN; HEMICELLULOSE; EXTRACTION; PROTEINS; EMULSIFICATION; ARABINOXYLAN; ACACIA AB Corn fiber arabinoxylan is a hemicellulose B isolated from the fibrous portions (pericarp, tip cap, and endosperm cell wall fractions) of corn kernels by alkaline solution, often in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and is commonly referred to as "Corn fiber gum" (CFG). The unique polysaccharide, CFG, with its low solution viscosity has been proposed as a good stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsions and we have verified that in some model systems, it can out-perform the "gold standard" emulsifier, gum arabic. But the precise mechanism for the stabilization of oil-in-water emulsion is not well understood due to its structural and molecular complexity. It is unclear and even puzzling how a water-soluble, hydrophilic arabinoxylan Could function as an emulsifier, since most emulsifiers have hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic surfaces and regions on the molecule. To understand the structural properties of CFG that may be responsible for its emulsifying properties, we have prepared a number Of Purified and modified CFG samples from different sources of corn fiber. We then studied their detailed structures and measured their ability to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. The results show that "pure" CFG fractions often contain minor, but perhaps functionally important amounts of associated lipids and proteins. Understanding the critical structural elements required for optimal emulsification properties will allow future commercial producers of CFG to provide consistent quality and functionality in their products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yadav, Madhav P.; Johnston, David B.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yadav, MP (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM madhav.yadav@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-005X J9 FOOD HYDROCOLLOID JI Food Hydrocolloids PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1488 EP 1493 DI 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2008.08.012 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 430UN UT WOS:000265014800006 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Chau, HK Cooke, PH Yadav, MP Hotchkiss, AT AF Fishman, Marshall L. Chau, Hoa K. Cooke, Peter H. Yadav, Madhav P. Hotchkiss, Arland T. TI Physico-chemical characterization of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from sugar beet pulp SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Hydrocolloids Conference CY JUN 15-19, 2008 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Natl Univ Singapore, Food Sci & Technol Programme, Dept Chem DE Arabinan-galactans; HPSEC; Viscosity; Molar mass; AFM ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; PECTIN; EMULSIFICATION; GELS AB We studied the global (i.e. overall) structure of microwave-assisted alkaline soluble polysaccharides (ASP) isolated from fresh sugar beet pulp. The objective was to minimize the disassembly and possibly the degradation of these polysaccharides during extraction. Prior to ASP microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pectin was removed and isolated by MAE. Two sub fractions, ASP I and ASP II were isolated. ASP I had about the same ratio of anhydrogalacturonate (AGA) to neutral sugar (NS) by percentage weight (%wt) whereas ASP II bad about twice as much AGA to NS by %wt. Unlike the sugar beet pectin isolated, the degree of methyl esterification of AGA in both ASP fractions was very low. Arabinose was the most abundant neutral sugar followed by either rhamnose or galactose. For Optimum sample 10/100/30, High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography with molar mass and viscometric detection revealed that both ASP fractions are about 100,000 Da in M(w) and about 10 and 16 nm in Rg(z), respectively. ASP 1 and ASP II had weight average intrinsic viscosities of 0.31 and 0.33 dL/g respectively and their Mark-Houwink exponents indicated that they are relatively compact in shape. Molar Mass distributions of ASP appeared to be bimodal in shape. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images of ASP I revealed a bimodal distribution of small and large compact asymmetric subunits when a 0.1 mu g/mL air dried, aqueous solution was deposited on freshly cleaved mica and imaged. When the solution concentration was 25 mu g/mL in ASP 1, the Subunits appeared to aggregate into skeletal structures whereas ASP II only formed compact asymmetric structures. Unlike AFM images Of Sugar beet pectin previously imaged, neither ASP I nor ASP II formed network Structures at higher concentrations. Both ASP I and II were found to emulsify orange oil. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fishman, Marshall L.; Chau, Hoa K.; Cooke, Peter H.; Yadav, Madhav P.; Hotchkiss, Arland T.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fishman, ML (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM marshall.fishman@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-005X J9 FOOD HYDROCOLLOID JI Food Hydrocolloids PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1554 EP 1562 DI 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2008.10.015 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 430UN UT WOS:000265014800015 ER PT J AU Gundersen, C Jolliffe, D Tiehen, L AF Gundersen, Craig Jolliffe, Dean Tiehen, Laura TI The challenge of program evaluation: When increasing program participation decreases the relative well-being of participants SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE Food insecurity; Food Stamp Program; Food assistance programs; Poverty; Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) ID LOW-INCOME FAMILIES; FOOD STAMP PROGRAM; PUBLIC-ASSISTANCE; INSUFFICIENCY; INSECURITY; CASELOADS; SECURITY; CHILDREN; STIGMA; HEALTH AB Two goals of food assistance programs are to improve well-being and to increase participation among those in need. Progress in meeting the first goal can be measured by the difference in well-being between participants and eligible non-participants. This gap in well-being though can be affected by progress made toward the second goal of increasing participation rates. In particular, if those with the lowest levels of well-being disproportionately enter the program, the gap can increase. To examine whether this tension between goals exists empirically, we consider the case of the Food Stamp Program and its effect on food insecurity in the United States, using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). In particular, we use variation in State policies (the change in administrative error rates and the combined value of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and food stamp benefits) to analyze whether increasing participation rates leads to increases in the difference in food insecurity rates. Controlling for other factors, we find evidence of the tension between these two program goals insofar as States with policies which encourage participation have higher differences in the food insecurity rates of participants and non-participants. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gundersen, Craig] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jolliffe, Dean; Tiehen, Laura] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Gundersen, C (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Consumer Econ, 324 Mumford Hall,1301 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM cggunder@illinois.edu; jolliffe@ers.usda.gov; ltiehen@ers.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA); Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [ILLU-470-331] FX The authors wish to thank participants in sessions at the annual meetings of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management and the Population Association of America participants in seminars at Iowa State University and the University of Wisconsin, and two anonymous referees. We thank Mike Merten for excellent research assistance. The views and opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Economic Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture. Gundersen acknowledges partial funding from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES), Hatch project no. ILLU-470-331. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD AUG PY 2009 VL 34 IS 4 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.12.001 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 483HH UT WOS:000268953300005 ER PT J AU Elliott, M Sumampong, G Varga, A Shamoun, SF James, D Masri, S Briere, SC Grunwald, NJ AF Elliott, M. Sumampong, G. Varga, A. Shamoun, S. F. James, D. Masri, S. Briere, S. C. Gruenwald, N. J. TI PCR-RFLP markers identify three lineages of the North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; GENOME SEQUENCES; MATING-TYPE; CALIFORNIA; INFESTANS; PATHOGEN; NURSERIES; VIBURNUM AB P>Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death and ramorum blight, has three major clonal lineages and two mating types. Molecular tests currently available for detecting P. ramorum do not distinguish between clonal lineages and mating type is determined by cultural methods on a limited number of samples. In some molecular diagnostic tests, cross-reaction with other closely related species such as P. hibernalis, P. foliorum or P. lateralis can occur. Regions in the mitochondrial gene Cox1 are different among P. ramorum lineages and mitochondrial genotyping of the North American and European populations seems to be sufficient to differentiate between mating types, because the EU1 lineage is mostly A1 and both NA1 and NA2 lineages are A2. In our study, we were able to identify P. ramorum isolates according to lineage using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the Cox1 gene, first by using ApoI to separate P. ramorum from other species and EU1 from North American populations, and then AvaI to distinguish between NA1 and NA2 genotypes. However, P. foliorum had the same restriction profile as P. ramorum NA1 isolates. C1 [Sumampong, G.; Shamoun, S. F.] Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Elliott, M.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Varga, A.; James, D.; Masri, S.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Sidney Lab, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Briere, S. C.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ontario Plant Labs, Phytopathol Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Gruenwald, N. J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Shamoun, SF (reprint author), Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM sshamoun@pfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Forest Service (CFS); Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA); USDA ARS CRIS [5358-22000-034-00] FX The authors wish to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Canadian Forest Service (CFS) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) for financial support. Partial funding to NJG for this study was also provided by the USDA ARS CRIS project 5358-22000-034-00. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 4 BP 266 EP 278 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2008.00586.x PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 479JF UT WOS:000268654800005 ER PT J AU Fonseca, TF Marques, CP Parresol, BR AF Fonseca, Teresa Fidalgo Marques, Carlos Pacheco Parresol, Bernard R. TI Describing Maritime Pine Diameter Distributions with Johnson's S-B Distribution Using a New All-Parameter Recovery Approach SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stand horizontal structure; moments; Pinus pinaster ID STANDS; TABLES; WEIBULL; CURVES; MODELS AB Forest growth and yield models that describe the heterogeneity of a stand by implicitly defining size classes are valuable tools for sustainable forest management. In stand-level growth and yield models, often stand tables representing numbers of trees by diameter class are projected through the use of probability density functions (PDFs). Theoretical knowledge shows and empirical studies corroborate that the four-parameter Johnson's S-B PDF provides greater generality in fitting diameter distributions than man), of the commonly applied PDFs in forestry, such as the beta, gamma, and Weibull PDFs. Distinct parameter estimation methods are available for the Johnson's S-B distribution. However, few studies have been conducted that estimate the Johnson's SB PDF using a parameter recovery approach. Also, for those studies that have used a parameter recovery approach, often one (i.e., the location) or two (i.e., the location and the range) of the four parameters are assumed to be known. Ill this article, we present a parameter recovery approach to recover all four parameters of the Johnson's S-B PDF for diameter distributions from stand variables. The location, range. and shape parameters are recovered from the median and the first three noncentral moments of the diameter distribution. The first two of these noncentral moments correspond to the average and quadratic mean diameter. The third moment is interpreted as the product of the mean diameter for the diameter distribution based on basal area. rather than sterns per ha, and the squared quadratic mean diameter. The proposed methodology is demonstrated for maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands in Portugal. FOR. SCI. 55(4):367-373. C1 [Fonseca, Teresa Fidalgo; Marques, Carlos Pacheco] Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro, Dept Forestry, P-5001801 Vila Real, Portugal. [Parresol, Bernard R.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Fonseca, TF (reprint author), Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro, Dept Forestry, Apartado 1013, P-5001801 Vila Real, Portugal. EM tfonseca@utad.pt; cpmarque@utad.pt; bparresol@fs.fed.us OI Fidalgo Fonseca, Teresa/0000-0001-6269-3605 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 55 IS 4 BP 367 EP 373 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 478BI UT WOS:000268562300008 ER PT J AU Marra, PP Dove, CJ Dolbeer, R Dahlan, NF Heacker, M Whatton, JF Diggs, NE France, C Henkes, GA AF Marra, Peter P. Dove, Carla J. Dolbeer, Richard Dahlan, Nor Faridah Heacker, Marcy Whatton, James F. Diggs, Nora E. France, Christine Henkes, Gregory A. TI Migratory Canada geese cause crash of US Airways Flight 1549 SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID BIRDS; HYDROGEN AB In the United States alone, over 7400 bird-aircraft collisions (birdstrikes) were reported in 2007. Most of these strikes occurred during takeoff or landing of the flight, and it is during these flight phases that aircraft experience their highest risk of substantial damage after colliding with birds. Birdstrikes carry enormous potential costs in terms of lives and money. Using feather remains and other tissue samples collected from the engines of US Airways Flight 1549, which crash landed in the Hudson River in New York City on 15 January 2009 after a birdstrike, we apply molecular tools and stable hydrogen isotopes to demonstrate that migratory Canada geese were responsible for the crash. Determining whether the geese involved in this birdstrike event were resident or migratory is essential to the development of management techniques that could reduce the risk of future collisions. Currently, the US civil aviation industry is not required to report birdstrikes, yet information on frequency, timing, and species involved, as well as the geographic origin of the birds, is critical to reducing the number of birdstrikes. Integrating this information with bird migration patterns, bird-detecting radar, and bird dispersal programs at airports can minimize the risk of such collisions in the future. C1 [Marra, Peter P.; Diggs, Nora E.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Dove, Carla J.; Dahlan, Nor Faridah; Heacker, Marcy; Whatton, James F.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Feather Identificat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Dolbeer, Richard] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Sandusky, OH USA. [France, Christine; Henkes, Gregory A.] Museum Conservat Inst, Smithsonian Inst, Suitland, MD USA. RP Marra, PP (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. EM marrap@si.edu RI Henkes, Gregory/D-9751-2011 NR 26 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 7 IS 6 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1890/090066 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 480WF UT WOS:000268767000017 ER PT J AU Li, CJ Li, RW Elsasser, TH Kahl, S AF Li, Cong-jun Li, Robert W. Elsasser, Theodore H. Kahl, Stanislaw TI Lipopolysaccharide-induced early response genes in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells implicate GLG1/E-selectin as a key ligand-receptor interaction SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Bovine; E-selectin; Gene networks; LPS; PBMC ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; NF-KAPPA-B; THP-1 MONOCYTIC CELLS; EXPRESSION PROFILES; INNATE IMMUNITY; ACTIVATION; LPS; MACROPHAGES; MECHANISMS; PATHWAYS AB This study uses integrated global gene expression information and knowledge of the regulatory events in cells to identify transcription networks controlling peripheral blood mononuclear cells' (PBMCs) immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to identify the molecular and cellular pathways' responses to LPS. We identified that 464 genes, including at least 17 transcription factors, are significantly induced by 2-h LPS stimulation using a high-density bovine microarray platform at a very stringent false discovery rate = 0%. The networks show that, in the LPS-stimulated PBMCs, altered gene expression was transcriptionally regulated via those transcription factors through potential interaction within the pathway networks. Functional analyses revealed that LPS induces unique pathways, molecular functions, biological processes, and gene networks. In particular, gene expression data identified Golgi complex-localized glycoprotein 1/endothelial-selectin as a key ligand-receptor interaction in the early response of cells. C1 [Li, Cong-jun; Li, Robert W.; Elsasser, Theodore H.; Kahl, Stanislaw] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, CJ (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200,Room 209,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Congjun.li@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 335 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s10142-009-0116-0 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 462GR UT WOS:000267339600006 PM 19263101 ER PT J AU Anderson, OD Gu, YQ Kong, XY Lazo, GR Wu, JJ AF Anderson, Olin D. Gu, Yong Q. Kong, Xiuying Lazo, Gerard R. Wu, Jiajie TI The wheat omega-gliadin genes: structure and EST analysis SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Omega gliadins; Wheat seed; Gene structure; Gene expression; ESTs; Triticum aestivum; Sequence; Cereal; Gene families ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; GLUTEN PROTEINS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GRAIN DEVELOPMENT; PROLAMIN GENES; COMMON WHEAT; EVOLUTION; SUBUNITS; SEQUENCE AB A survey and analysis is made of all available omega-gliadin DNA sequences including omega-gliadin genes within a large genomic clone, previously reported gene sequences, and ESTs identified from the large wheat EST collection. A contiguous portion of the Gli-B3 locus is shown to contain two apparently active omega-gliadin genes, two pseudogenes, and four fragments of the 3' portion of omega-gliadin sequences. Comparison of omega-gliadin sequences allows a phylogenetic picture of their relationships and genomes of origin. Results show three groupings of omega-gliadin active gene sequences assigned to each of the three hexaploid wheat genomes, and a fourth group thus far consisting of pseudogenes assigned to the A-genome. Analysis of omega-gliadin ESTs allows reconstruction of two full-length model sequences encoding the AREL- and ARQL-type proteins from the Gli-A3 and Gli-D3 loci, respectively. There is no DNA evidence of multiple active genes from these two loci. In contrast, ESTs allow identification of at least three to four distinct active genes at the Gli-B3 locus of some cultivars. Additional results include more information on the position of cysteines in some omega-gliadin genes and discussion of problems in studying the omega-gliadin gene family. C1 [Anderson, Olin D.; Gu, Yong Q.; Lazo, Gerard R.; Wu, Jiajie] ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kong, Xiuying; Wu, Jiajie] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Germplasm Resources, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wu, Jiajie] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM olin.anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009 OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052 NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 397 EP 410 DI 10.1007/s10142-009-0122-2 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 462GR UT WOS:000267339600010 PM 19367421 ER PT J AU Richards, MP McMurtry, JP AF Richards, Mark P. McMurtry, John P. TI The avian proglucagon system SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Avian Endocrinology CY JUL 11-15, 2008 CL Leuven, BELGIUM DE G-protein-coupled receptor; Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide-1; Glucagon-like peptide-2; Hormone; Oxyntomodulin; Proglucagon; Prohormone convertase ID GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1; FOOD-INTAKE; INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR INJECTION; MESSENGER-RNA; CHICKEN PROVENTRICULUS; ENDOCRINE-CELLS; NEONATAL CHICK; CYCLIC-AMP; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS AB Understanding how the proglucagon system functions in maintaining glycemic control and energy balance in birds, as well as defining its specific roles in regulating metabolism, gastrointestinal tract function and food intake requires detailed knowledge of the components that comprise this system. These include proglucagon, a precursor protein from which glucagon and two glucagon-like peptide hormones (GLP-1 and GLP-2) are derived, and the membrane bound G-protein-coupled receptors that specifically bind glucagon, GLP-1 and GLP-2 to mediate their individual physiological actions. Another key feature of the proglucagon system that is important for regulating its activity in different tissues involves post-translational processing of the proglucagon precursor protein and the individual peptide hormones derived from it. Currently, there is limited information about the proglucagon system in birds with the majority of that coming from studies involving chickens. By summarizing what is currently known about the proglucagon system in birds, this review aims to provide useful background information for future investigations that will explore the nature and actions of this important hormonal system in different avian species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Richards, Mark P.; McMurtry, John P.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200,Room 206,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Mark.Richards@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD AUG-SEP PY 2009 VL 163 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.09.010 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 473NG UT WOS:000268213200008 PM 18938167 ER PT J AU Sun, WX Jia, YJ Feng, BZ O'Neill, NR Zhu, XP Xie, BY Zhang, XG AF Sun, Wen Xiu Jia, Yong Jian Feng, Bao Zhen O'Neill, Nichole R. Zhu, Xiao Ping Xie, Bing Yan Zhang, Xiu Guo TI Functional Analysis of Pcipg2 From the Straminopilous Plant Pathogen Phytophthora capsici SO GENESIS LA English DT Article DE pcipg2; straminopile pathogen; virulence; PGs activity; pathogenesis-related protein ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; NIGER ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE II; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; GENE FAMILY; PROKARYOTIC EXPRESSION; DEFENSE RESPONSE; PECTIC ENZYMES; POLYGALACTURONASE; PURIFICATION AB Phytophthora capsici causes serious diseases in numerous crop plants. Polygalacturonases (PGs) are cell wall-degrading enzymes that play an important role in pathogenesis in straminopilous pathogens. To understand PGs as they relate to the virulence of P capsici, Pcipg2 was identified from a genomic library of a highly virulent P capsici strain. Pcipg2 was strongly expressed during symptom development after the inoculation of pepper leaves with P capsici. The wild protein (PCIPGII) was obtained from the expression of pcipg2 and found that increasing activity of PGs in PCIPGII-treated pepper leaves was consistent with increasing symptom development. Asp residues in active sites within pcipg2 affected PCIPGII activity or its virulence on pepper leaves. Results show that pcipg2 is an important gene among pcipg genes, and illustrate the benefit of analyzing mechanisms of pathogenicity during the period of host/parasite interaction. genesis 47:535-544, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Sun, Wen Xiu; Jia, Yong Jian; Feng, Bao Zhen; Zhu, Xiao Ping; Zhang, Xiu Guo] Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. [O'Neill, Nichole R.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Xie, Bing Yan] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XG (reprint author), Shandong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. EM zhxg@sdau.edu.cn NR 48 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-954X EI 1526-968X J9 GENESIS JI Genesis PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 8 BP 535 EP 544 DI 10.1002/dvg.20530 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 488RX UT WOS:000269368600004 PM 19422018 ER PT J AU Eckert, AJ Bower, AD Wegrzyn, JL Pande, B Jermstad, KD Krutovsky, KV Clair, JBS Neale, DB AF Eckert, Andrew J. Bower, Andrew D. Wegrzyn, Jill L. Pande, Barnaly Jermstad, Kathleen D. Krutovsky, Konstantin V. Clair, J. Bradley St. Neale, David B. TI Asssociation Genetics of Coastal Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesu var. menziesii, Pinaceae). I. Cold-Hardiness Related Traits SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLING ADAPTIVE TRAITS; PICEA-ABIES PROGENIES; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ASPEN POPULUS-TREMULA; MAYS SSP PARVIGLUMIS; PINUS-TAEDA L.; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; CANDIDATE GENES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ASSOCIATION GENETICS AB Adaptation to cold is one of the greatest challenges to forest trees. This process is highly synchronized with environmental cues relating to photoperiod and temperature. Here, we use a candidate gene-based approach to search for genetic associations between 384 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from 117 candidate genes and 21 cold-hardiness related traits. A general linear model approach, including population structure estimates as covariates, was implemented for each marker-trait pair. We discovered 30 highly significant genetic association [false discovery rate (FDR) Q < 0.10] across 12 candidate genes and 10 of the 21 traits. We also detected a set of 7 markers that had elevated levels of differentiation between sampling sites situated across the Cascade crest in northeastern Washington. Marker effects were small (r(2) < 0.05) and within the range of those published previously for forest trees. The derived SNP allele, as measured by a comparison to a recently diverged sister species, typically affected the phenotype in a way consistent with cold hardiness. The majority of markers were characterized as having largely nonadditive modes of gene action, especially underdominance in the case of cold-tolerance related phenotypes. We place these results in the context of trade-offs between the abilities to grow longer and to avoid fall cold damage, as well as putative epigenetic effects. These associations provide insight into the genetic components of complex traits in coastal Douglas fir, as well as highlight the need for landscape genetic approaches to the detection of adaptive genetic diversity. C1 [Wegrzyn, Jill L.; Pande, Barnaly; Neale, David B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eckert, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bower, Andrew D.; Clair, J. Bradley St.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jermstad, Kathleen D.; Neale, David B.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. [Krutovsky, Konstantin V.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Mail Stop 6, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Wegrzyn, Jill/B-3328-2010; Eckert, Andrew/E-4788-2011; Krutovsky, Konstantin/A-5419-2012 OI Eckert, Andrew/0000-0002-6522-2646; Krutovsky, Konstantin/0000-0002-8819-7084 NR 91 TC 116 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 29 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2009 VL 182 IS 4 BP 1289 EP 1302 DI 10.1534/genetics.108.102350 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 499IZ UT WOS:000270214000029 PM 19487566 ER PT J AU Klein, MA Grusak, MA AF Klein, Melinda A. Grusak, Michael A. TI Identification of nutrient and physical seed trait QTL in the model legume Lotus japonicus SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE allocation; legume; Lotus japonicus; QTL; seed minerals; seed mass ID POD WALL PROPORTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LUPINUS-ALBUS; DRY-MATTER; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; GENETIC-VARIATION; MINERAL-CONTENT; WHITE LUPIN; ACCUMULATION; TRANSPORT AB Legume seeds have the potential to provide a significant portion of essential micronutrients to the human diet. To identify the genetic basis for seed nutrient density, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted with the Miyakojima MG-20 x Gifu B-129 recombinant inbred population from the model legume Lotus japonicus. This population was grown to seed under greenhouse conditions in 2006 and 2007. Phenotypic data were collected for seed calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn) concentrations and content. Data for physical seed traits (average seed mass and seed-pod allocation values) were also collected. Based on these phenotypic data, QTL analyses identified 103 QTL linked to 55 different molecular markers. Transgressive segregation, identified within this recombinant inbred population for both seed nutrient and physical traits, suggests new allelic combinations are available for agronomic trait improvement. QTL co-localization was also seen, suggesting that common transport processes might contribute to seed nutrient loading. Identification of loci involved in seed mineral density can be an important first step in identifying the genetic factors and, consequently, the physiological processes involved in mineral distribution to developing seeds. Longer term research efforts will focus on facilitating agronomic breeding efforts through ortholog identification in related crop legumes. C1 [Klein, Melinda A.; Grusak, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Grusak, MA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mgrusak@bcm.tmc.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-6250-6-003]; Harvest Plus Project [58-6250-4-F029] FX This work was funded in part by funds from USDA-ARS under agreement No. 58-6250-6-003 and from the Harvest Plus Project under agreement No. 58-6250-4-F029 to M.A.G. The authors would like to thank Jennifer Shiu for laboratory assistance. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 59 TC 22 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 8 BP 677 EP 691 DI 10.1139/G09-039 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 493TP UT WOS:000269761300002 PM 19767898 ER PT J AU Anderson, OD AF Anderson, O. D. TI EST mining for structure and expression of genes in the region of the wheat high-molecular-weight glutenin loci SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE wheat; glutenin; genes; expressed sequence tags; Triticum aestivum ID HEXAPLOID BREAD WHEAT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; SUBUNIT GENE; SEQUENCE CONSERVATION; ORTHOLOGOUS REGIONS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOME EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; FAMILY; DUPLICATION AB An in-depth analysis was carried out with expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for genes in and near the HMW-GS loci. Considerations for using ESTs are discussed, including the occurrence of chimeric and aberrant HMW-GS ESTs. Complete gene sequences demonstrated the feasibility of constructing accurate full-length coding regions from EST assemblies and found, or supported, errors in several previously reported HMW-GS gene sequences. New complete HMW-GS gene sequences are reported for the cultivars Chinese Spring and Glenlea. The Ay subunit gene, which is considered null in cultivated wheats, was shown to transcribe in at least two germplasms. Analyses support the conclusion that of the five known genes within this genomic region, the two HMW-GS genes and the globulin gene are highly expressed. The other two genes, encoding a receptor kinase and a protein kinase. have one and no identifiable wheat EST, respectively, although ESTs are found for the orthologous genes in barley. The ESTs of all five genes within the HMW-GS region are either definitely associated with the endosperm or possibly originate from imbibed seed, suggesting the four distinct gene classes in this region are part of a seed or endosperm chromatin domain. EST resources were also used to determine relative abundance of ESTs for all classes of wheat prolamines and indicated differential levels of expression both among germplasms and among the three genomes of hexaploid wheats. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM olin.anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 8 BP 726 EP 740 DI 10.1139/G09-046 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 493TP UT WOS:000269761300006 PM 19767902 ER PT J AU Livingstone, D Freeman, B Tondo, CL Cariaga, KA Oleas, NH Meerow, AW Schnell, RJ Kuhn, DN AF Livingstone, Donald, III Freeman, Barbie Tondo, Cecile L. Cariaga, Kathleen A. Oleas, Nora H. Meerow, Alan W. Schnell, Raymond J. Kuhn, David N. TI Improvement of High-throughput Genotype Analysis After Implementation of a Dual-curve Sybr Green I-based Quantification and Normalization Procedure SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DNA quantification; Sybr Green I; microplate; automated; genotyping ID ASSAY AB The ability to rapidly genotype a large number of individuals is the key to any successful marker-assisted plant breeding program. One of the primary bottlenecks in high-throughput screening is the preparation of DNA samples, particularly the quantification and normalization of samples for downstream processing. A rapid and simple Sybr Green I-based quantification procedure that can be performed in a 96-well format is outlined. In this procedure, a dual standard curve method is used to allow better resolution of dilute samples and to reduce fluorescence value variation between samplings. A method to quickly normalize samples, and the importance of normalization, is also explored. We demonstrate that successful fragment amplification of a Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd ex Spreng) Schum. population is increased from 70% to 98% when each DNA extract is quantified and normalized as opposed to quantifying only a subset and normalizing all the samples based on the average of that subset. Improved microsatellite amplification was also observed among individuals in the monocot genus Phaedranassa Herb. ssp. Additionally, when our normalization method is applied to a Persea americana Mill. population, 97% of the samples normalized to 4 ng.mu L(-1) amplify at least three of six microsatellite regions, whereas only 30% of the samples below 4 ng.mu L(-1) (i.e., samples that could not be normalized) amplify at least three regions. We describe an undemanding method to quantify and normalize a large number of samples, which can be done manually or can be automated. C1 [Livingstone, Donald, III; Freeman, Barbie; Tondo, Cecile L.; Cariaga, Kathleen A.; Meerow, Alan W.; Schnell, Raymond J.; Kuhn, David N.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Oleas, Nora H.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Kuhn, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM David.Kuhn@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Oleas, Nora/D-3869-2013; OI Oleas, Nora/0000-0002-1948-4119 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1228 EP 1232 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 487KS UT WOS:000269273400005 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Stern, D AF Volk, Gayle M. Stern, David TI Phenotypic Characteristics of Ten Garlic Cultivars Grown at Different North American Locations SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium sativum; bulb; cultivation; diversity; environment; morphology; nutrition ID ALLIUM-SATIVUM L.; AVAILABILITY INTERACT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ONION; FERTILITY; CLONES; SULFUR; FLAVOR; COLLECTION; NITROGEN AB Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars grown under diverse conditions have highly elastic environmental responses, particularly relating to skin color and yield. Ten diverse garlic cultivars were grown at 12 locations in the United States and Canada for 2 consecutive years to identify the environmentally responsive phenotypic traits of garlic. Clove arrangement, number of topsets, topset size, topset color, number of cloves, clove weight, clove skin color, and clove skin tightness were generally stable for each cultivar regardless of production location and conditions. Scape presence varied with cultivar and location, but for the most part, cultivars classified as hardneck types produced scapes and those classified as softnecks did not produce scapes. Bulbs grown at the northern Colorado, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Washington locations were generally larger than the other locations. Soil potassium levels were positively correlated with bulb circumference and fresh weight. Soil sulfur and manganese levels were correlated with bulb sulfur and manganese content. Bulb wrapper color and intensity were highly dependent on location and cultivar. The Silverwhite cultivar was consistently white and 'Ajo Rojo', 'German White', 'Inchelium', 'Sakura', and 'Spanish Roja' were generally white with some faint violet or brown stripes or splotches across the locations. In contrast, cultivars Chesnok Red, Purple Glazer, Red Janice, and Siberian were more likely to have moderate or dark violet stripes, streaks, or splotches, particularly when grown at the northern Colorado, Minnesota, Nevada, New York, Ontario, Pennsylvania, or Washington locations. These results can help farmers identify niche regional markets that provide novel products to consumers. From these results, it was shown that garlic cultivars or classes grown under diverse conditions have highly elastic soil nutrient responses, particularly relating to skin color and yield. C1 [Volk, Gayle M.] ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Stern, David] Friends Garl Inc, Rose, NY 14542 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volke@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program [LNE05-231] FX This project was partially supported by the USDA-CSREES Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, grant number LNE05-231. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1238 EP 1247 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 487KS UT WOS:000269273400007 ER PT J AU Farnham, MW Kopsell, DA AF Farnham, Mark W. Kopsell, Dean A. TI Importance of Genotype on Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Levels in Broccoli Heads SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea-Italica Group; lutein; beta-carotene; violaxanthin; antheraxanthin; neoxanthin; antioxidant ID BETA-CAROTENE; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; ACCUMULATION; CAULIFLOWER; CANCER; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; VEGETABLES; LUTEIN AB Carotenoids are secondary plant metabolites in vegetables known to be essential in the human diet and reported to confer various positive health-promoting effects when consumed. Brassica oleracea L. vegetables like kale, cabbage, and broccoli are recognized as excellent sources of dietary carotenoids. Broccoli has emerged as the most important B. oleracea crop in the United States and it likely supplies more carotenoids to the U.S. diet than the other crops of this species. However, very little is known about the general carotenoid profile of this important vegetable or the levels of specific carotenoids and how they might vary among genotypes. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess caroten id profiles of different inbred broccoli heads; to assess chlorophyll concentrations measured simultaneously during carotenoid assays; to determine the relative effects of genotype versus environment in influencing head carotenoid levels; and to examine phenotypic correlations between carotenoid levels and other traits. Results show lutein to be the most abundant carotenoid in broccoli heads ranging from 65.3 to 139.6 mu g.g(-1) dry mass (DM) among nine inbreds tested in three environments. Genotype had a highly significant effect on lutein levels in broccoli heads and the ratio of sigma(2)(g)/sigma(2)(p) for this carotenoid was 0.84. Violaxanthin also exhibited a significant genotype effect, but it was found at lower levels (17.9 to 35.4 mu g.g(-1) DM) than lutein. beta-carotene and neoxanthin were detected at levels similar to violaxanthin, but genotypic differences were not detected when all environments were compared. This was also true for antheraxanthin, which was detectable in all genotypes at lower levels (mean of 13.3 mu g.g(-1) DM) than the other carotenoids. Significant genotypic differences were observed for both chlorophyll a and b among the studied inbreds; however, no environment or genotype-by-environment effects were observed with these compounds. Results indicated that most carotenoids measured were positively and significantly correlated with one another, indicating that higher levels of one carotenoid were typically associated with higher levels of others. This study emphasizes the relative importance of lutein in broccoli heads and the key role that genotype plays with this compound, ultimately indicating that breeding cultivars with increased levels of this particular carotenoid may be feasible. C1 [Farnham, Mark W.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Kopsell, Dean A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Farnham, MW (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Mark.Farnham@ars.usda.gov RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1248 EP 1253 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 487KS UT WOS:000269273400008 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Cerven, V Cantrell, CL Ebelhar, WM Horgan, T AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Cerven, Vasile Cantrell, Charles L. Ebelhar, Wayne M. Horgan, Thomas TI Effect of Nitrogen, Location, and Harvesting Stage on Peppermint Productivity, Oil Content, and Oil Composition SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mentha xpiperita; essential oil; composition ID MENTHA-PIPERITA L; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; IRRIGATION; SOIL; QUALITY; DENSITY; DILL; MINT; CU AB Peppermint (Mentha xpiperita) is currently not a common crop in the southeastern United States. Recently, there has been an interest in peppermint as an essential oil crop for this region. In 2007, a field experiment was conducted in Mississippi to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) (0 and 80 kg.ha(-1)), location (Verona and Stoneville), and. harvesting stage (bud formation and flowering) on peppermint productivity, oil content, and composition. Peppermint biomass yields were higher at Verona (8.12 t.ha(-1)) than at Stoneville (6.12 t.ha(-1)). However, the essential oil content was higher at Stoneville (1.1%) than at Verona (0.6%). Generally, N rate at 80 kg.ha- did not affect oil yield and composition compared with 0 kg.ha(-1). The concentrations of the major essential oil constituents were: (-)-menthol at 26% to 30%, (-)-menthone at 14% to 21%, (+)-menthofuran at 5% to 11%, and eucalyptol at 3% to 4% of total essential oil (wt/wt) and were generally within the values previously reported. The concentrations of (-)-menthone and (+)-menthofuran were significantly higher at Stoneville, 21% and 11%, respectively, than at Verona (14% and 6%). The (-)-menthol, (-)-menthone, and (+)-menthofuran yields/ha were higher at Stoneville than at Verona. Overall oil content and yields were higher at bud formation than at flowering, 1.3 and 1.8 times, respectively. In addition, the concentration of (-)-menthone and eucalyptol and the yields of (-)-menthone, (+)-menthofuran, and eucalyptol were higher at bud formation than at flowering. The results from this study demonstrated peppermint can be successfully grown in Mississippi and provide essential oil yields and composition comparable to those in the northwestern United States, the traditional peppermint-growing region. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Cerven, Vasile; Horgan, Thomas] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.] Agr Res Serv, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. [Ebelhar, Wayne M.] Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Extens Ctr, 5421 Highway 145 S, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM vj40@pss.msstate.edu FU ARS Specific Coop. Agreement [58-6402-4-026]; CRIS [MIS-027100] FX This research wits funded by ARS Specific Coop. Agreement 58-6402-4-026 with CRIS MIS-027100. Specific project: "Field Establishment of Medicinal Herbs and Potential for Commercial Production" awarded to Dr. Zheljazkov. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1267 EP 1270 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 487KS UT WOS:000269273400011 ER PT J AU Copes, WE Blythe, EK AF Copes, Warren E. Blythe, Eugene K. TI Chemical and Hot Water Treatments to Control Rhizoctonia AG P Infesting Stem Cuttings of Azalea SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE azalea web blight; Rhododendron 'Gumpo White'; vegetative propagation; disinfestants; disinfectants; fungicides; thermotherapy ID SEED TUBER TREATMENT; BINUCLEATE RHIZOCTONIA; PROPAGATION MATERIAL; HEAT-TREATMENT; BLACK SCURF; WEB BLIGHT; PLANT; SOLANI; POTATO; ROT AB In the southern and eastern United States, azalea stems cut during the spring for propagation may be infested with Rhizoctonia spp. Multiple methods were evaluated in a series of laboratory experiments for the purpose of eliminating Rhizoctonia from stem cuttings of Rhododendron L. 'Gumpo White' ['Gumpo White' (Satsuki) azalea] to prevent spread of azalea web blight during the propagation phase of nursery production. Leafless stem sections were inoculated with an isolate of binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis group P (AG P). Disinfestants (sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen dioxide, and quaternary ammonium chloride) or fungicides (chlorothalonil + thiophanate-methyl and flutolanil) applied at several rates (below, at, and above label rates) did not eliminate Rhizoctonia AG P from stem sections. Recovery of Rhizoctonia AG P was not reduced by submersing stem pieces in 45 degrees C water, but was eliminated at water temperatures of 50 degrees C or greater. Mortality of Rhizoctonia infesting azalea stem pieces was best explained by a cubic regression model. Mortality increased with increasing time (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.59 9, 10.5, 12, 15, 18, and 21 min) in water at 50 and 55 degrees C and with increasing temperatures (52, 55, 58, 61, 64, 67, and 70 degrees C) when stem pieces were submerged for 30 and 60 s. The duration of hot water treatment at which 99% of stem pieces were predicted to be free of Rhizoctonia was 20 min 16 s at 50 degrees C and 5 min 19 s at 55 degrees C. The average water temperature at which 99% of the stem pieces were predicted to be free of Rhizoctonia was 60.2 and 56.9 degrees C when stem pieces were submerged for 30 and 60 s, respectively. Only minor leaf damage occurred on terminal, leafy stem cuttings when submerged in 50 degrees C water after 40 min. Severe leaf damage did occur if cuttings were submerged long enough in water of 55 degrees C or greater. Leaf damage was predicted to exceed a proportional leaf damage value of 0.25 (indicating severe damage) when leafy stem cuttings were submerged in 55 degrees C water for longer than 13 min 54 s or for 30 and 60 s with water temperature greater than 57.4 and greater than 56.8 degrees C, respectively. Of the methods tested, submersion in hot water has the greatest potential for eliminating Rhizoctonia AG P from azalea stem cuttings. Submerging stem pieces in 50 degrees C water for 21 min eliminated Rhizoctonia and provided the least risk for development of severe leaf damage. C1 [Copes, Warren E.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Blythe, Eugene K.] Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, S Mississippi Branch Expt Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Copes, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, 810 Highway 26 W,POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM warren.copes@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1370 EP 1376 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 487KS UT WOS:000269273400028 ER PT J AU Chen, GQ Vang, L Lin, JT AF Chen, Grace Q. Vang, Louisa Lin, Jiann-Tsyh TI Seed Development in Lesquerella fendleri (L.) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lesquerella fendleri; seed development; morphology; seed weight; oil content; protein profile; seed germination ID RICINUS-COMMUNIS L.; BRASSICA-NAPUS; 2S ALBUMIN; STORAGE PROTEIN; FATTY-ACIDS; OIL; GUM; EXPRESSION; MEAL AB The morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes during seed development of Lesquerella fendleri were investigated from 7 days after pollination (DAP) to desiccation. The entire course of seed development lasted approximate to 49 days and it can be divided into seven sequential stages (I to VII). During the early stages (I to 111, 7 to 21 DAP), seed grew rapidly, showing a dramatic increase in size and fresh weight. They contained approximate to 75% water. During midmaturation stages (IV to V, 28 to 35 DAP), storage lipids, proteins, and other components of dry weights accumulated at maximum rates. The accumulation curves followed a sigmoidal pattern during seed development. As a result of water loss, fresh weight dropped significantly when seed progressed to late-maturation/desiccation stages (VI to VII, 42 to 49 DAP). The size of the seed decreased slightly and the color changed from green to orange-brown. Seed proteins were also analyzed using SDS-PAGE. Proteins with high molecular weights were prominent in developing seed at early stages (I to III). At Stage IV (28 DAP), proteins with low molecular weight appeared, whereas the high-molecular-weight proteins decreased in proportion. These low-molecular-weight proteins became predominant throughout the remaining stages of seed development. Forty-seven percent of freshly harvested seed at 35 DAP were able to germinate after 7 days incubation. The germination percentage increased to a maximum of 95% at 42 DAP after 7 days incubation. The relationships among seed morphology, reserve synthesis, and germination are discussed. C1 [Chen, Grace Q.; Vang, Louisa; Lin, Jiann-Tsyh] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 95710 USA. RP Chen, GQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 95710 USA. EM grace.chen@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Current Research Information System (CRIS) [5325-2100-012-00D] FX The work was supported by the USDA-ARS Current Research Information System (CRIS) Project 5325-2100-012-00D. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1415 EP 1418 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 487KS UT WOS:000269273400036 ER PT J AU Finn, CE Moore, PP Kempler, C Yorgey, BM Strik, BC Martin, RR AF Finn, Chad E. Moore, Patrick P. Kempler, Chaim Yorgey, Brian M. Strik, Bernadine C. Martin, Robert R. TI 'Valley Red' Strawberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Fragaria xananassa; fruit breeding; short-day; June-bearing; processing C1 [Finn, Chad E.; Martin, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Moore, Patrick P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Kempler, Chaim] Agr & Agri Foods Canada, Pacific Agri Food Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada. [Yorgey, Brian M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Strik, Bernadine C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Chad.Finn@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1468 EP 1471 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 487KS UT WOS:000269273400049 ER PT J AU Fery, RL AF Fery, Richard L. TI 'WhiteAcre-DG', a Small-seeded, Cream-type Southernpea with an Enhanced Persistent Green Seed Phenotype SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Vigna unguiculata; cowpea; vegetable breeding C1 ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Fery, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Richard.Fery@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1472 EP 1473 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 487KS UT WOS:000269273400050 ER PT J AU Fery, RL AF Fery, Richard L. TI 'ZipperCream-GC', a Large-seeded, Cream-type Southernpea with a Green Cotyledon Phenotype SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Vigna unguiculata; cowpea; vegetable breeding C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Fery, RL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Richard.Fery@ars.usda.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1474 EP 1475 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 487KS UT WOS:000269273400051 ER PT J AU Sakhanokho, HF Rajasekaran, K Kelley, RY AF Sakhanokho, Hamidou F. Rajasekaran, Kanniah Kelley, Rowena Y. TI Somatic Embryogenesis in Hedychium bousigonianum SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hedychium bousigonianum; ethylene inhibitors; ornamental ginger; salicylic acid; silver nitrate; somatic embryogenesis ID PLANT-TISSUE CULTURE; SALICYLIC-ACID; SILVER-NITRATE; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ETHYLENE; CALLUS; REGENERATION; INHIBITOR; EMBRYOS AB An efficient primary somatic embryo (SE) and secondary somatic embryo (SSE) production system was developed for the ornamental ginger Hedychium bousigoniamum Pierre ex Gagnepain. Addition of two ethylene inhibitors, salicylic acid (SA) and silver nitrate (AgNO3), to the culture media improved the system. Callus was initiated and proliferated on a medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts supplemented with 9.05 mu M 2,4-dichlorophenoxacetic acid and 4.6 mu M kinetin. Friable callus was transferred to a liquid medium containing MS basal salts, B5 vitamins, 0.6 mu M thidiazuron, and 8.9 mu M 6-benzylaminopurine to induce somatic embryogenesis. The effects of various concentrations of SA (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mu M) and AgNO3 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mu M) on callus growth, SE, and SSE development was further evaluated. The rate of callus growth decreased as the concentrations of SA or AgNO3 increased. AgNO3 and SA at all concentrations stimulated SE and SSE development better than the control although a decrease in embryo production was observed at higher concentrations of both SA and AgNO3. The best concentrations for SA were 75 and 100 mu M, whereas for AgNO3, they were 30 to 50 mu M for both SE and SSE production. C1 [Sakhanokho, Hamidou F.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Rajasekaran, Kanniah] Agr Res Serv, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Kelley, Rowena Y.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Sakhanokho, HF (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, 810 Highway 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM hamidou.sakhanokho@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1487 EP 1490 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 487KS UT WOS:000269273400056 ER PT J AU Norman, DJ Huang, Q Yuen, JMF Mangravita-Novo, A Byrne, D AF Norman, David J. Huang, Qi Yuen, Jeanne M. F. Mangravita-Novo, Arianna Byrne, Drew TI Susceptibility of Geranium Cultivars to Ralstonia solanacearum SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ralstonia solanacearum; Pelargonium xhortorum; Pelargonium peltatum; Pelargonium xdomesticum; Pelargonium spp.; geranium; bacterial wilt ID PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; PCR ASSAY; BIOVAR-2; STRAINS; RACE-3; AMPLIFICATION; CUTTINGS; POTATO; AFLP AB Sixty-one cultivars of geraniums, including zonal, regal, ivy, and scented, were tested for susceptibility to three strains of Ralstonia solanacearum: a race 1, biovar 1 (R1B1) strain P597 isolated from tomato in Florida, a R1B1 strain P673 obtained from pothos originated from Costa Rica, and a race 3, biovar 2 (R3B2) strain UW551 isolated from geranium imported from Kenya. These three strains represent populations of R. solanacearum found in the United States or imported with infected plant propagative material. A genomic comparison of the geranium cultivars was also done using amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Both R1B1 strains were more virulent than the R3B2 strain, producing wilt symptoms on most cultivars of zonal, regal, and ivy types. Variation in susceptibility of geranium cultivars to the two R1B1 strains was observed. The R3B2 strain UW551 had a much more restricted host range and was not able to infect most regal geranium cultivars when applied as a soil drench. Man), of the scented cultivars were found to be resistant to all three strains of R. solanacearum when tested using the drench inoculation method. However, most scented cultivars were found to be susceptible when plants were wound-inoculated. The greatest variation in type of resistance was observed between the scented geranium cultivars and specific strains of R. solanacearum. C1 [Norman, David J.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Longwood, FL 32703 USA. [Huang, Qi] USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yuen, Jeanne M. F.; Mangravita-Novo, Arianna; Byrne, Drew] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Norman, DJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, 2725 Binion Rd, Longwood, FL 32703 USA. EM djn@ufl.edu FU USDA Floral Industry Task Force Specific Cooperative Agreement; University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences FX This research was funded by the USDA Floral Industry Task Force Specific Cooperative Agreement- and the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1504 EP 1508 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 487KS UT WOS:000269273400061 ER PT J AU Marutani-Hert, M Hunter, WB Hall, DG AF Marutani-Hert, Mizuri Hunter, Wayne B. Hall, David G. TI Establishment of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) primary cultures SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE Asian citrus psyllid; Hemiptera; Cell culture; Huanglongbing; Liberibacter ID CELL-LINES; VECTOR AB The Asian citrus psyllid (AsCP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a highly competent vector of the phloem-inhabiting bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus associated with the citrus disease huanglongbing (HLB). Commonly referred to as citrus greening disease in the USA, HLB causes reduced fruit yields, quality, and ultimately tree death and is considered the most serious citrus disease. HLB has become a major limiting factor to the production of citrus worldwide. Studies of HLB have been impeded by the fact that C. Liberibacter has not yet been cultured on artificial nutrient media. After being acquired by a psyllid, C. Liberibacter asiaticus is reported to replicate within the psyllid and is retained by the psyllid throughout its life span. We therefore hypothesized that C. Liberibacter asiaticus could be cultured in vitro using psyllid cell cultures as the medium and investigated the establishment of a pure culture for AsCP cells. Several commercially available insect cell culture media along with some media we developed were screened for viability to culture cells from AsCP embryos. Cells from psyllid tissues adhered to the plate and migration was observed within 24 h. Cells were maintained at 20A degrees C. We successfully established primary psyllid cell cultures, referred to as DcHH-1, for D. citri Hert-Hunter-1, with a new media, Hert-Hunter-70. C1 [Marutani-Hert, Mizuri; Hunter, Wayne B.; Hall, David G.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Marutani-Hert, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Mizuri.Marutani-Hert@ARS.USDA.GOV FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council, 2007 FX We thank Christine Lynch, Maria Gonzalez, Kathryn Moulton, Matthew Hentz, Biological Science Technicians, USDA, ARS, Ft. Pierce, FL, for providing technical assistance and for helpful comments during manuscript preparation. We thank Dr. Aaron P. Hert for helpful discussions and review of the manuscript. This research was supported in part by the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council, 2007. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 45 IS 7 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s11626-009-9188-3 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 474RA UT WOS:000268300500002 PM 19440802 ER PT J AU Dabul, ANG Belefant-Miller, H RoyChowdhury, M Hubstenberger, JF Lorence, A Phillips, GC AF Dabul, A. N. G. Belefant-Miller, H. RoyChowdhury, M. Hubstenberger, J. F. Lorence, A. Phillips, G. C. TI Screening of a broad range of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm for in vitro rapid plant regeneration and development of an early prediction system SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE Tissue culture; Rice; Early prediction; Plant regeneration ID TISSUE-CULTURE; INDICA RICE; CALLUS INDUCTION; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY; SUSPENSION CULTURES; TRANSFORMATION; CULTIVARS; IMPROVEMENT; VARIETIES AB Rice has emerged as a model monocot for studies in agriculture and biotechnology due to its relatively small genome and a ready accessibility to plant material. Tissue culture is one of the tools required for genetic transformation and some breeding programs, and the selection of high-frequency regenerator types is essential for success in these technologies. Thirty-three rice entries with agricultural and biotechnological characteristics of interest were screened with the aim to identify the best regenerators. Entries that exhibited between 50% and 90% regeneration frequencies include 'Taipei-309,' 'Super Dwarf,' 'Norin' (japonica types), PI 312777, 'Ali Combo' (indica types), 'STG-S,' and 'LA3' (red rice types). One third of the entries tested were at least two times better at regeneration than the often-cited regenerator 'Nipponbare.' Those entries showing at least 85% frequency of greening or somatic embryo formation at 15 or 30 d on regeneration medium ultimately produced whole plants after 45 d on regeneration medium at high frequency (at least 40%); those entries not reaching the 85% threshold of greening by Days 15 or 30 exhibited moderate (15-40%) to low (less than 10%) frequency of whole plant regeneration. This greening response suggests the means for an early prediction system for identification of useful rice regenerator lines, which would be beneficial for high-throughput screening of germplasm as well as for decreasing the time and cost of in vitro culture. C1 [Dabul, A. N. G.; RoyChowdhury, M.; Hubstenberger, J. F.; Lorence, A.; Phillips, G. C.] Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Dabul, A. N. G.; RoyChowdhury, M.; Hubstenberger, J. F.; Phillips, G. C.] Arkansas State Univ, Coll Agr & Technol, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Belefant-Miller, H.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Lorence, A.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Phillips, GC (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, POB 1080, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM gphillips@astate.edu FU USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center ( Stuttgart, AR) FX The authors thank the USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center ( Stuttgart, AR) for some rice varieties studied and partial financial support of this project; Dr. Karen Moldenhauer from the Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center ( University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR) for providing some rice varieties, Dr. James Oard ( Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, La) for providing a 'Taipei-309' source, and Dr. Katsutoshi Okuno from the Institute of Agrobiological Sciences ( Ibaraki, Japan) for seeds of rice line 'Daw-Dam.' Research at the Phillips and Lorence groups is supported by grants to GP and AL from the Arkansas Biosciences Institute at Arkansas State University. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD AUG PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 414 EP 420 DI 10.1007/s11627-008-9174-6 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 470UV UT WOS:000268007600004 ER PT J AU Vengadesan, G Pijut, PM AF Vengadesan, G. Pijut, Paula M. TI In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE Cotyledonary node culture; Micropropagation; Plant regeneration; Rooting ID ROBUR L; SHOOT PROLIFERATION; INVITRO-PROPAGATION; CLONAL PROPAGATION; TISSUE-CULTURE; COTYLEDONARY NODES; THIDIAZURON; TREE; MICROPROPAGATION; GROWTH AB In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) shoots was successful from cotyledonary node explants excised from 8-wk-old in vitro grown seedlings. Initially, four shoots per explant were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.4 mu M 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.45 mu M thidiazuron (TDZ), and 500 mg l(-1) casein hydrolysate (CH) with a regeneration frequency of 64.7% after 3 wk. Subculturing explants (after harvesting shoots) to fresh treatment medium significantly increased shoot bud regeneration (16.6 buds per explant), but the buds failed to develop into shoots. A higher percentage (73.3%) of the explants regenerated four shoots per explant on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 4.4 mu M BA, 0.29 mu M gibberellic acid (GA(3)), and 500 mg l(-1) CH after 3 wk. Explants subcultured to fresh treatment medium after harvesting shoots significantly increased shoot regeneration (16 shoots per explant). Shoot elongation was achieved (4 cm) when shoots were excised and cultured on WPM supplemented with 0.44 mu M BA and 0.29 mu M GA(3). In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted on WPM supplemented with 4.9 mu M indole-3-butyric acid. A higher percentage regeneration response and shoot numbers per explant were recorded on WPM supplemented with BA and GA(3), than on MS medium containing BA and TDZ. Lower concentrations of BA and GA(3) were required for shoot elongation and prevention of shoot tip necrosis. Each cotyledonary node yielded approximately 20 shoots within 12 wk. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized. C1 [Pijut, Paula M.] USDA Forest Serv, HTIRC, No Res Stn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Vengadesan, G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, HTIRC, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pijut, PM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, HTIRC, No Res Stn, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ppijut@purdue.edu RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 FU Fred M. van Eck Foundation fellowship for Purdue University FX This work was supported financially by a Fred M. van Eck Foundation fellowship for Purdue University to G. Vengadesan. The authors gratefully acknowledge Drs. Michael E. Kane and Scott A. Merkle for their constructive review and suggestions for improvement of this manuscript. The authors would also like to thank Jim McKenna for valuable assistance in the collection of acorns and Dr. Francis Salifu and Christian Roschke for helping to analyze the data and photography, respectively. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD AUG PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 474 EP 482 DI 10.1007/s11627-008-9182-6 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 470UV UT WOS:000268007600012 ER PT J AU Buboltz, AM Nicholson, TL Karanikas, AT Preston, A Harvill, ET AF Buboltz, Anne M. Nicholson, Tracy L. Karanikas, Alexia T. Preston, Andrew Harvill, Eric T. TI Evidence for Horizontal Gene Transfer of Two Antigenically Distinct O Antigens in Bordetella bronchiseptica SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE BIOSYNTHESIS; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; PERTUSSIS; PARAPERTUSSIS; EVOLUTION; IMMUNITY; POPULATIONS; COMPLEMENT; EMERGENCE AB Host immunity is a major driving force of antigenic diversity, resulting in pathogens that can evade immunity induced by closely related strains. Here we show that two Bordetella bronchiseptica strains, RB50 and 1289, express two antigenically distinct O-antigen serotypes (O1 and O2, respectively). When 18 additional B. bronchiseptica strains were serotyped, all were found to express either the O1 or O2 serotype. Comparative genomic hybridization and PCR screening showed that the expression of either the O1 or O2 serotype correlated with the strain containing either the classical or alternative O-antigen locus, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing analysis of 49 B. bronchiseptica strains was used to build a phylogenetic tree, which revealed that the two O-antigen loci did not associate with a particular lineage, evidence that these loci are horizontally transferred between B. bronchiseptica strains. From experiments using mice vaccinated with purified lipopolysaccharide from strain RB50 (O1), 1289 (O2), or RB50 Delta wbm (O antigen deficient), our data indicate that these O antigens do not confer cross-protection in vivo. The lack of cross-immunity between O-antigen serotypes appears to contribute to inefficient antibody-mediated clearance between strains. Together, these data are consistent with the idea that the O-antigen loci of B. bronchiseptica are horizontally transferred between strains and encode antigenically distinct serotypes, resulting in inefficient cross-immunity. C1 [Buboltz, Anne M.; Karanikas, Alexia T.; Harvill, Eric T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Buboltz, Anne M.] Penn State Univ, Grad Program Biochem Microbiol & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Nicholson, Tracy L.] Agr Res Serv, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Karanikas, Alexia T.] Penn State Univ, Grad Program Cell & Dev Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Preston, Andrew] Univ Bristol, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Langford, England. RP Harvill, ET (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, 115 Henning Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM harvill@psu.edu FU NIH [AI 053075, AI 065507, GM083113] FX This work was supported by NIH grants AI 053075, AI 065507, and GM083113 (to E.T.H.). NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 EI 1098-5522 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 77 IS 8 BP 3249 EP 3257 DI 10.1128/IAI.01448-08 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 471ZX UT WOS:000268098400014 PM 19528223 ER PT J AU Vordermeier, HM Villarreal-Ramos, B Cockle, PJ McAulay, M Rhodes, SG Thacker, T Gilbert, SC McShane, H Hill, AVS Xing, Z Hewinson, RG AF Vordermeier, H. Martin Villarreal-Ramos, Bernardo Cockle, Paul J. McAulay, Martin Rhodes, Shelley G. Thacker, Thyler Gilbert, Sarah C. McShane, Helen Hill, Adrian V. S. Xing, Zhou Hewinson, R. Glyn TI Viral Booster Vaccines Improve Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Induced Protection against Bovine Tuberculosis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BACILLE CALMETTE-GUERIN; T-CELL RESPONSES; VIRUS ANKARA; ENHANCED IMMUNOGENICITY; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; NEONATAL CALVES; SUBUNIT VACCINE; ANTIGEN 85A; CATTLE; IMMUNIZATION AB Previous work with small-animal laboratory models of tuberculosis has shown that vaccination strategies based on heterologous prime-boost protocols using Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to prime and modified vaccinia virus Ankara strain (MVA85A) or recombinant attenuated adenoviruses (Ad85A) expressing the mycobacterial antigen Ag85A to boost may increase the protective efficacy of BCG. Here we report the first efficacy data on using these vaccines in cattle, a natural target species of tuberculous infection. Protection was determined by measuring development of disease as an end point after M. bovis challenge. Either Ad85A or MVA85A boosting resulted in protection superior to that given by BCG alone: boosting BCG with MVA85A or Ad85A induced significant reduction in pathology in four/eight parameters assessed, while BCG vaccination alone did so in only one parameter studied. Protection was particularly evident in the lungs of vaccinated animals (median lung scores for naive and BCG-, BCG/MVA85A-, and BCG/Ad85A-vaccinated animals were 10.5, 5, 2.5, and 0, respectively). The bacterial loads in lymph node tissues were also reduced after viral boosting of BCG- vaccinated calves compared to those in BCG-only-vaccinated animals. Analysis of vaccine-induced immunity identified memory responses measured by cultured enzyme-linked immunospot assay as well as in vitro interleukin-17 production as predictors of vaccination success, as both responses, measured before challenge, correlated positively with the degree of protection. Therefore, this study provides evidence of improved protection against tuberculosis by viral booster vaccination in a natural target species and has prioritized potential correlates of vaccine efficacy for further evaluation. These findings also have implications for human tuberculosis vaccine development. C1 [Vordermeier, H. Martin; Villarreal-Ramos, Bernardo; Cockle, Paul J.; Rhodes, Shelley G.; Hewinson, R. Glyn] VLA Weybridge, TB Res Grp, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. [Gilbert, Sarah C.; McShane, Helen; Hill, Adrian V. S.] Univ Oxford, Jenner Inst, Oxford OX3 7DQ, England. [Villarreal-Ramos, Bernardo; McAulay, Martin] Inst Anim Hlth, Compton, Berks, England. [Xing, Zhou] McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Ctr Gene Therapeut, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Xing, Zhou] McMaster Univ, Div Infect Dis, Ctr Gene Therapeut, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Thacker, Thyler] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Vordermeier, HM (reprint author), VLA Weybridge, TB Res Grp, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. EM m.vordermeier@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk RI Hewinson, Glyn/F-7077-2010; Rhodes, Shelley/D-9877-2011; Hewinson, Glyn/J-1902-2014; Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; OI Gilbert, Sarah/0000-0002-6823-9750; Thacker, Tyler/0000-0001-6779-7649 FU Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust; Canadian Institutes of Health; World Health Organization FX This study was funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom. A. V. S. H. is a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow, and H. M. S. is a Wellcome Trust Senior Clinical Fellow. A. V. S. H., H. M. S., and S. C. G. are Jenner Institute Investigators. The production of Ad85A vaccine and its evaluation in small-animal models were supported by funds awarded to Z. X. from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the World Health Organization. NR 48 TC 162 Z9 164 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 77 IS 8 BP 3364 EP 3373 DI 10.1128/IAI.00287-09 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 471ZX UT WOS:000268098400027 PM 19487476 ER PT J AU Zimowska, GJ Nirmala, X Handler, AM AF Zimowska, Grazyna J. Nirmala, Xavier Handler, Alfred M. TI The beta 2-tubulin gene from three tephritid fruit fly species and use of its promoter for sperm marking SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta2-Tubulin; Tephritid fruit fly; Insect transgenesis; Spermatogenesis; Sperm marker ID BETA-TUBULIN; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; EXPRESSION; SPERMATOGENESIS; SEQUENCE; ELEMENT; TRANSFORMATION; DATABASE; SUBUNIT AB To isolate testis-specific regulatory DNA that could be used in genetically transformed insect pest species to improve their biological control, beta 2-tubulin genes and their proximal genomic DNA were isolated from three economically important tephritid pest species, Anastrepha suspensa, Anastrepha ludens and Bactrocera dorsalis. Gene isolation was first attempted by degenerate PCR on an A. suspensa adult male testes cDNA library, which fortuitously isolated the 2.85 kb beta 1-tubulin gene that encodes a 447 amino acid polypeptide. Subsequent PCR using 5' and 3' RACE generated the 1.4 kb As beta 2-tubulin gene that encodes a 446 amino acid polypeptide. Using primers to conserved sequences, the highly similar A. ludens and B. dorsalis beta 2-tubulin genes, encoding identical amino acid sequences, were then isolated. To verify As beta 2-tubulin gene identification based on gene expression, qRT-PCR showed that As beta 2-tubulin transcript was most abundant in pupal and adult males, and specific to the testes. This was further tested in transformants having the DsRed.T3 reporter gene regulated by the As beta 2-tubulin 1.3 kb promoter region. Fluorescent protein was specifically expressed in testes from third instar larvae to adults, and fluorescent sperm could be detected in the spermathecae of non-transgenic females mated to transgenic males. To confirm these matings, a PCR protocol was developed specific to the transgenic sperm DNA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zimowska, Grazyna J.; Nirmala, Xavier; Handler, Alfred M.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Handler, AM (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM al.handler@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative-Competitive FX This article is dedicated to the memory of the lead author, Grazyna J. Zimowska, who passed away during its preparation. Dr. Zimowska made significant contributions to insect physiology, biochemistry and molecular genetics as a scientist and mentor, and her insights, expertise and thoughtfullness will be greatly missed. Grateful appreciation is extended to Ryan Smith and Peter Atkinson for discussions and sharing data previous to publication, and to Jennifer Mestas and Rob Harrell for technical assistance. Funding from the USDA-CSREES National Research Initiative-Competitive Grants Program in support of this project is gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 508 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.05.004 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 482HS UT WOS:000268876100002 PM 19520163 ER PT J AU Zhang, DH Lax, AR Raina, AK Bland, JM AF Zhang, Dunhua Lax, Alan R. Raina, Ashok K. Bland, John M. TI Differential cellulolytic activity of native-form and C-terminal tagged-form cellulase derived from Coptotermes formosanus and expressed in E. coli SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Termite; Cellulase; Over-expression; Endoglucanase; Exoglucanase ID WOOD-FEEDING TERMITE; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; ENDO-BETA-1,4-GLUCANASE COMPONENTS; PSEUDOTRICHONYMPHA-GRASSII; PARABASALIAN SYMBIONTS; IN-VIVO; SHIRAKI; PROTEIN; GENE; GUT AB An endogenous cellulase gene (CfEG3a) of Coptotermes formosanus, an economically important pest termite, was cloned and overexpressed in both native form (nCfEG) and C-terminal His-tagged form (tCfEG) in Escherichia coli. Both forms of recombinant cellulases showed hydrolytic activity on cellulosic substrates. The nCfEG was more active and stable than tCfEG even though the latter could be purified to near homogeneity with a simple procedure. The differential activities of nCfEG and tCfEG were also evidenced by hydrolytic products they produced on different substrates. On CIVIC, both acted as an endoglucanase, randomly hydrolyzing internal beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds and resulting in a smear of polymers with different lengths, although cellobiose, cellotriose, and cellotetraose equivalents were noticeable. The hydrolytic products of tCfEG were one unit sugar less than those produced by nCfEG. Using filter paper as substrate, however, the major hydrolytic products of nCfEG were cellobiose, cellotriose and trace of glucose; those of tCfEG were cellobiose, cellotriose and trace of cellotetraose, indicating a property similar to that of cellobiohydrolase, an exoglucanase. The results presented in this report uncovered the biochemical properties of the recombinant cellulase derived from the intact gene of Formosan subterranean termites. The recombinant cellulase would be useful in designing cellulase-inhibiting termiticides and incorporating into a sugar-based biofuel production program. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Dunhua; Lax, Alan R.; Raina, Ashok K.; Bland, John M.] ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Zhang, DH (reprint author), ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM dunhua.zhang@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 516 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.ibmb.2009.03.006 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 482HS UT WOS:000268876100003 PM 19364531 ER PT J AU Huang, CH Yan, FM Byers, JA Wang, RJ Xu, CR AF Huang, Cui-Hong Yan, Feng-Ming Byers, John A. Wang, Rong-Jiang Xu, Chong-Ren TI Volatiles induced by the larvae of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) in maize plants affect behavior of conspecific larvae and female adults SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behaviors; conspecific adults and larvae; induced volatiles; Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee); Zea mays L ID SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS; OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR; NATURAL ENEMIES; HERBIVORE; EMISSIONS; NUBILALIS; VARIABILITY; INDUCTION; CULTIVARS; SEEDLINGS AB Effects of maize (Zea mays L.) volatiles induced by larvae of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee), on the orientation behaviors of Asian corn borer larvae and oviposition of the females were investigated. Nineteen volatile chemicals, with terpenes being the major components, were identified from maize plants attacked by third instar Asian corn borer larvae. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses revealed some electroantennographic differences between female and male Asian corn borer antennae in response to larvae-induced maize volatiles; female responded to (E)-2-hexenal, nonanal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and three unknown compounds while the male only responded to (E)-2-hexenal, nonanal and one unknown compound. In laboratory orientation bioassays, Asian corn borer neonate larvae were attracted to extracts collected from Asian corn borer-damaged plants as well as to synthetic farnesene, but were repelled by (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol. In laboratory oviposition bioassays, gravid females laid fewer eggs on plants damaged by larvae than on mechanically damaged plants or undamaged plants. Adult Asian corn borer females deposited fewer eggs on wax paper treated with (E)-2-hexenal or (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol than on wax paper treated with hexane (control). The results suggest that Asian corn borer can affect the behaviors of conspecific larvae and adults by changing host plant volatiles. C1 [Yan, Feng-Ming] Henan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China. [Huang, Cui-Hong; Yan, Feng-Ming; Wang, Rong-Jiang; Xu, Chong-Ren] Peking Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Byers, John A.] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Yan, FM (reprint author), Henan Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China. EM fmyan@pku.edu.cn FU Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars; State Education Ministry of China FX Dr. Jia-Ning Wei and Mr. Rui Wang, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, provided useful suggestions in volatile chemical collections and GC-EAD, respectively. Mr. Yong-Jun Zhang, Plant Protection Institute of CAAS, kindly provided a sample of alpha-caryophyllene. Ms. Yu Liu, College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, helped in sample analysis with GC-MS. Mr. Hao Zhang, an undergraduate student of College of Life Sciences, Peking University, helped in larval bioassays. Chemical analysis was supported by Public Instrument Analysis Fund of Peking University. This work is a part of the project sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry of China (to F. M. Yan). NR 41 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1672-9609 EI 1744-7917 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2009.01257.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 478LF UT WOS:000268589100004 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Jones, GD Adamczyk, JJ Eischen, F Armstrong, JS Coleman, RJ Setamou, M Liu, TX AF Greenberg, S. M. Jones, G. D. Adamczyk, J. J., Jr. Eischen, F. Armstrong, J. S. Coleman, R. J. Setamou, M. Liu, Tong-Xian TI Reproductive potential of field-collected overwintering boll weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) fed on pollen in the laboratory SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis grandis; overwintering boll weevil; reproductive; pollen ID HOST PLANTS; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; SOUTHERN TEXAS; SURVIVAL; ARIZONA; COTTON; SPHAERALCEA; EMERGENCE; DIAPAUSE; ADULTS AB The reproductive potential of overwintering boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), females collected from pheromone traps in September, November and January, fed for 1, 3, and 5 weeks on plant pollens, and then provided cotton squares, was determined in the laboratory at 27 +/- 1 degrees C, 65% RH, and a photoperiod 13 : 11 (L : D) h. Duration of pollen feeding by overwintering boll weevils did not significantly influence egg and feeding punctures, or puncture ratios (egg to total punctures) for any of the three months of parent weevil collections when provided cotton squares on a daily basis. However, punctures and puncture ratios are significantly different when comparing mean data between months of boll weevil collections. When boll weevils were provided with cotton squares daily, the pre-ovipositional periods of female parents captured in September, November and January were 5, 9 and 14 days, respectively. The rate of eggs by females was significantly lower during November and January than September. Female parents collected in September produced a significantly higher percentage of eggs yielding adult progeny than those collected in November and January. Life table parameters indicated that net reproductive rate (R(o)) of boll weevil females collected in September was 1.2-fold higher than those collected in November and 10.7-fold higher than those collected in January. Except for testes size, no differences in male reproductive parameters were observed during the cotton-free period compared with males captured during mid-cotton (June). The number of oocytes in the ovarioles and the number of oocytes containing yolk were significantly lower during September, November and January compared with June. The reproductive potential of overwintering boll weevil females collected in different months is an important consideration in determining the success of any control strategy. C1 [Liu, Tong-Xian] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Entomol, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Greenberg, S. M.; Adamczyk, J. J., Jr.; Armstrong, J. S.; Coleman, R. J.] ARS, USDA, KSARC, BIRU, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Jones, G. D.] ARS, APMRU, SPA, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Eischen, F.] ARS, USDA, KSARC, Honey Bee Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Setamou, M.] Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Liu, TX (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Entomol, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM tx-liu@tamu.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2009.01258.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 478LF UT WOS:000268589100005 ER PT J AU Belli, SI Ferguson, DJP Katrib, M Slapetova, I Mai, K Slapeta, J Flowers, SA Miska, KB Tomley, FM Shirley, MW Wallach, MG Smith, NC AF Belli, Sabina I. Ferguson, David J. P. Katrib, Marilyn Slapetova, Iveta Mai, Kelly Slapeta, Jan Flowers, Sarah A. Miska, Kate B. Tomley, Fiona M. Shirley, Martin W. Wallach, Michael G. Smith, Nicholas C. TI Conservation of proteins involved in oocyst wall formation in Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eimeria; Apicomplexa; Coccidiosis; Macrogametocyte; Oocyst wall; Immunolocalisation ID GAMETOCYTE ANTIGENS; COCCIDIAN PARASITE; CHICKENS; INFECTION; VACCINE; GAM56 AB Vaccination with proteins from gametocytes of Eimeria maxima protects chickens, via transfer of maternal antibodies, against infection with several species of Eimeria. Antibodies to E. maxima gametocyte proteins recognise proteins in the wall forming bodies of macrogametocytes and oocyst walls of E. maxima, Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina. Homologous genes for two major gametocyte proteins - GAM56 and GAM82 - were found in E. maxima, E. tenella and E. acervulina. Alignment of the predicted protein sequences of these genes reveals that, as well as sharing regions of tyrosine richness, strong homology exists in their ammo-terminal regions, where protective antibodies bind. This Study confirms the conservation of the roles of GAM56 and GAM82 in oocyst wall formation and shows that antibodies to gametocyte antigens of E. maxima cross-react with homologous proteins in other species, helping to explain cross-species maternal immunity. (C) 2009 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Belli, Sabina I.; Katrib, Marilyn; Slapetova, Iveta; Mai, Kelly; Slapeta, Jan; Flowers, Sarah A.; Wallach, Michael G.; Smith, Nicholas C.] Univ Technol Sydney, Inst Biotechnol Infect Dis, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Ferguson, David J. P.] Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Pathol, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. [Miska, Kate B.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tomley, Fiona M.; Shirley, Martin W.] Inst Anim Hlth, Newbury RG20 7NN, Berks, England. RP Smith, NC (reprint author), Univ Technol Sydney, Inst Biotechnol Infect Dis, POB 123,Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. EM nick.smith@uts.edu.au OI Ferguson, David/0000-0001-5045-819X; Slapeta, Jan/0000-0003-1459-9117 FU Australian Research Council's Linkage Projects [LP0454145]; Wellcome Trust; ARC/NHMRC Research Network for Parasitology FX Our research is supported under the Australian Research Council's Linkage Projects funding scheme (project number LP0454145) in collaboration with Abic Ltd., Israel. DJPF was supported by an equipment grant from the Wellcome Trust and a travel grant from the ARC/NHMRC Research Network for Parasitology. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1063 EP 1070 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.05.004 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 475DU UT WOS:000268339400003 PM 19477178 ER PT J AU Debar, LL Schneider, M Ford, EG Hernandez, AE Showell, B Drews, KL Moe, EL Gillis, B Jessup, AN Stadler, DD White, M AF DeBar, L. L. Schneider, M. Ford, E. G. Hernandez, A. E. Showell, B. Drews, K. L. Moe, E. L. Gillis, B. Jessup, A. N. Stadler, D. D. White, M. CA HEALTHY Study Grp TI Social marketing-based communications to integrate and support the HEALTHY study intervention SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE type 2 diabetes; adolescents; social marketing; communications; school-based intervention; prevention AB The HEALTHY study was a randomized, controlled, multicenter, middle school-based, multifaceted intervention designed to reduce risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. The study randomized 42 middle schools to intervention or control, and followed students from the sixth to the eighth grades. Participants were a racially, ethnically and geographically diverse cohort from across the United States. Here, we describe the conceptual underpinnings and design of the social marketing-based communications component of the HEALTHY study intervention that combined changes in the school nutrition and physical education (PE) environment with behavior change initiatives. The communications intervention component coordinated multiple elements to deliver campaigns that served to integrate and support all aspects of the HEALTHY intervention. The campaigns unfolded across five semesters of middle school, each targeting a specific theme related to the HEALTHY objectives. Communications campaigns comprised (1) core elements such as branding, posters, banners and visual and verbal messaging, (2) student events supporting the nutrition, PE and behavior intervention components through the application of social marketing and communications strategies, including the incorporation of student-generated media and (3) distribution of premiums and theme enhancers to extend the visibility of the study beyond the intervention environment. Formative research conducted with students, parents and school administrators was used to refine the communications strategy. Student peer communicators selected from the student body were involved to influence the normative student environment. Marketing and creative design experts developed a brand, logo, activities and materials. In the latter half of the study, student-generated messages and media were used to reflect local interests and culture and enhance peer influence. The HEALTHY intervention delivery and impact were strengthened by the communications strategies. The HEALTHY experience provides practical considerations for systematically incorporating a social marketing-based communications approach within future school-based health behavior interventions. International Journal of Obesity (2009) 33, S52-S59; doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.117 C1 [DeBar, L. L.] Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. [Schneider, M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Planning Policy & Design, Irvine, CA USA. [Ford, E. G.] Temple Univ, Ctr Obes Res & Educ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Hernandez, A. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Educ, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Showell, B.] Planit Advertising Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. [Drews, K. L.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Rockville, MD USA. [Moe, E. L.; Stadler, D. D.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Hlth Promot & Sports Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Gillis, B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Jessup, A. N.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [White, M.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Debar, LL (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 USA. EM lynn.debar@kpchr.org OI Moe, Esther/0000-0002-9491-9741 FU Academy for Educational Development and Planit Agency FX Past and present HEALTHY study group members on the Communications Committee were Lynn DeBar ( Chair), Tara Blackshear, Jamie Bowen, Sarah Clayton, Tamara Costello, Kimberly Drews, Eileen Ford, Angela Garcia, Katie Giles, Bonnie Gillis, Heather Murphy Grund, Art Hernandez, Ann Jessup, Megan Krause, Barbara Linder, Jeff McNamee, Esther Moe, Chris Nichols, Margaret Schneider, Brenda Showell, Sara Solomon, Diane Stadler, Mamie White and Alissa Wheeler. The Communications Committee was supported by the creative teams at the Academy for Educational Development and Planit Agency. We certify that all applicable institutional and governmental regulations concerning the ethical use of human volunteers were followed during this research. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 33 BP S52 EP S59 DI 10.1038/ijo.2009.117 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 492EV UT WOS:000269638600007 PM 19623190 ER PT J AU Drews, KL Harrell, JS Thompson, D Mazzuto, SL Ford, EG Carter, M Ford, DA Yin, Z Jessup, AN Roullet, JB AF Drews, K. L. Harrell, J. S. Thompson, D. Mazzuto, S. L. Ford, E. G. Carter, M. Ford, D. A. Yin, Z. Jessup, A. N. Roullet, J-B CA HEALTHY Study Grp TI Recruitment and retention strategies and methods in the HEALTHY study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE recruitment; retention; type 2 diabetes; middle school; adolescents; prevention ID SCHOOL-BASED RESEARCH; PARTICIPATION; TRIAL AB HEALTHY was a 3-year middle school-based primary prevention trial to reduce modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes in youth. The study was conducted at seven centers across the country. This paper describes the recruitment and retention activities employed in the study. Schools and students were the focus of recruitment and retention. Each center was responsible for the recruitment of six schools; eligibility was based on ability to enroll a sufficient number of predominately minority and lower socioeconomic status students. Study staff met with district superintendents and school principals to verify the eligibility of schools, and to ascertain how appropriate the school would be for conducting the trial. Sixth grade students were recruited employing a variety of techniques; students and their parents did not know whether their school was randomized to the intervention or control arm. This cohort was followed through sixth, seventh and eighth grades. In the eighth grade, an additional sample of students who were not originally enrolled in the study was recruited in a similar manner to participate in data collection to allow for cross-sectional and dose-response secondary analyses. Parents signed informed consent forms and children signed informed assent forms, as per the needs of the local Institutional Review Board. Parents received a letter describing the results of the health screening for their children after data collection in sixth and eighth grades. Retention of schools and students was critical for the success of the study and was encouraged through the use of financial incentives and other strategies. To a large extent, student withdrawal due to out-migration (transfer and geographical relocation) was beyond the ability of the study to control. A multi-level approach that proactively addressed school and parent concerns was crucial for the success of recruitment and retention in the HEALTHY study. International Journal of Obesity (2009) 33, S21-S28; doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.113 C1 [Drews, K. L.; Mazzuto, S. L.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Harrell, J. S.; Jessup, A. N.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Thompson, D.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ford, E. G.] Temple Univ, Ctr Obes Res & Educ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Carter, M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ford, D. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Yin, Z.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Hlth & Kinesiol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Roullet, J-B] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Metab, CDRC P, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Drews, KL (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, 6110 Execut Blvd,Suite 750, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM kdrews@bsc.gwu.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [U01 DK061230-08, U01-DK61230, U01 DK061230, U01-DK61249, U01-DK61223, U01-DK61231] NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 33 BP S21 EP S28 DI 10.1038/ijo.2009.113 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 492EV UT WOS:000269638600003 PM 19623184 ER PT J AU Schneider, M Hall, WJ Hernandez, AE Hindes, K Montez, G Pham, T Rosen, L Sleigh, A Thompson, D Volpe, SL Zeveloff, A Steckler, A AF Schneider, M. Hall, W. J. Hernandez, A. E. Hindes, K. Montez, G. Pham, T. Rosen, L. Sleigh, A. Thompson, D. Volpe, S. L. Zeveloff, A. Steckler, A. CA HEALTHY Study Grp TI Rationale, design and methods for process evaluation in the HEALTHY study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE school-based; process evaluation; adolescent; diabetes; diet; physical activity ID QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; IMPLEMENTATION; INTERVENTION; TRIAL AB The HEALTHY study was a multi-site randomized trial designed to determine whether a 3-year school-based intervention targeting nutrition and physical activity behaviors could effectively reduce risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in middle school children. Pilot and formative studies were conducted to inform the development of the intervention components and the process evaluation methods for the main trial. During the main trial, both qualitative and quantitative assessments monitored the fidelity of the intervention and motivated modifications to improve intervention delivery. Structured observations of physical education classes, total school food environments, classroom-based educational modules, and communications and promotional campaigns provided verification that the intervention was delivered as intended. Interviews and focus groups yielded a multidimensional assessment of how the intervention was delivered and received, as well as identifying the barriers to and facilitators of the intervention across and within participating schools. Interim summaries of process evaluation data were presented to the study group as a means of ensuring standardization and quality of the intervention across the seven participating centers. Process evaluation methods and procedures documented the fidelity with which the HEALTHY study was implemented across 21 intervention schools and identified ways in which the intervention delivery might be enhanced throughout the study. International Journal of Obesity (2009) 33, S60-S67; doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.118 C1 [Schneider, M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Planning Policy & Design, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Hall, W. J.; Zeveloff, A.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hernandez, A. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Educ, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Hindes, K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Montez, G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Social & Hlth Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Pham, T.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Rockville, MD USA. [Rosen, L.] Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sleigh, A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Thompson, D.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Volpe, S. L.] Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Div Biobehav & Hlth Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Steckler, A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Behav Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Schneider, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Planning Policy & Design, 620 Univ Tower,4199 Campus Dr, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM Margaret.schneider@uci.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [U01 DK061230, U01 DK061230-08, U01-DK61231, U01-DK61249, U01-DK61230, U01-DK61223] NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 33 BP S60 EP S67 DI 10.1038/ijo.2009.118 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 492EV UT WOS:000269638600008 PM 19623191 ER PT J AU Venditti, EM Elliot, DL Faith, MS Firrell, LS Giles, CM Goldberg, L Marcus, MD Schneider, M Solomon, S Thompson, D Yin, Z AF Venditti, E. M. Elliot, D. L. Faith, M. S. Firrell, L. S. Giles, C. M. Goldberg, L. Marcus, M. D. Schneider, M. Solomon, S. Thompson, D. Yin, Z. CA HEALTHY Study Grp TI Rationale, design and methods of the HEALTHY study behavior intervention component SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE middle schools; type 2 diabetes; prevention; peer influence; behavior modification ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ABUSE PREVENTION; US CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; DRUG-USE; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY; PROGRAM; CONSUMPTION AB HEALTHY was a multi-center primary prevention trial designed to reduce risk factors for type 2 diabetes in adolescents. Seven centers each recruited six middle schools that were randomized to either intervention or control. The HEALTHY intervention integrated multiple components in nutrition, physical education, behavior change and communications and promotion. The conceptual rationale as well as the design and development of the behavior intervention component are described. Pilot study data informed the development of the behavior intervention component. Principles of social learning and health-related behavior change were incorporated. One element of the behavior intervention component was a sequence of peer-led, teacher-facilitated learning activities known as FLASH (Fun Learning Activities for Student Health). Five FLASH modules were implemented over five semesters of the HEALTHY study, with the first module delivered in the second semester of the sixth grade and the last module in the second semester of the eighth grade. Each module contained sessions that were designed to be delivered on a weekly basis to foster self-awareness, knowledge, decision-making skills and peer involvement for health behavior change. FLASH behavioral practice incorporated individual and group self-monitoring challenges for eating and activity. Another element of the behavior intervention component was the family outreach strategy for extending changes in physical activity and healthy eating beyond the school day and for supporting the student's lifestyle change choices. Family outreach strategies included the delivery of newsletters and supplemental packages with materials to promote healthy behavior in the home environment during school summer and winter holiday breaks. In conclusion, the HEALTHY behavior intervention component, when integrated with total school food and physical education environmental changes enhanced by communications and promotional campaigns, is a feasible and acceptable mechanism for delivering age-appropriate social learning for healthy eating and physical activity among an ethnically diverse group of middle school students across the United States. International Journal of Obesity (2009) 33, S44-S51; doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.116 C1 [Venditti, E. M.; Marcus, M. D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Elliot, D. L.; Goldberg, L.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Hlth Promot & Sports Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Faith, M. S.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Weight & Eating Disorders, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Firrell, L. S.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Rockville, MD USA. [Giles, C. M.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Schneider, M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Planning Policy & Design, Irvine, CA USA. [Solomon, S.] Temple Univ, Ctr Obes Res & Educ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Thompson, D.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Yin, Z.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Hlth & Kinesiol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Venditti, EM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Med Ctr, 3811 Ohara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM vendittiem@upmc.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [U01-DK61249, U01-DK61223, U01-DK61231, U01 DK061230-08, U01-DK61230, U01 DK061230] NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 EI 1476-5497 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 33 SU 4 BP S44 EP S51 DI 10.1038/ijo.2009.116 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 492EV UT WOS:000269638600006 PM 19623189 ER PT J AU Doll, KM AF Doll, Kenneth M. TI A Convenient Low-Resolution NMR Method for the Determination of the Molecular Weight of Soybean Oil-Based Polymers SO JALA LA English DT Article DE low resolution NMR; molecular weight; soybean oil polymer ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GREEN CHEMISTRY; VEGETABLE-OILS; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMERIZATION; DIFFUSION; RELAXATION; LUBRICANTS; REPTATION; SOLIDS AB By studying a series of soybean oil-based polymers, using low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, an easy method to estimate molecular weight (MW) was developed. The relationship between a polymer's MW and the instrument's response can be correlated in a linear relationship. Correlation constants (R(2)) of 0.988, when data were taken at - 10 degrees C, and 0.999, when the study was done at 0 degrees C, were observed. Overall, this method is simple and with instrument modification, could be applied to other types of polymers as well. (JALA 2009:14:185-189) C1 ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Doll, KM (reprint author), ARS, Food & Ind Oil Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 3200,1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Kenneth.Doll@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1535-5535 J9 JALA-J ASSOC LAB AUT JI JALA PD AUG PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 SI SI BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.jala.2009.02.002 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 692OW UT WOS:000285163100004 ER PT J AU Hughes, SR Hector, RE Rich, JO Qureshi, N Bischoff, KM Dien, BS Saha, BC Liu, SQ Cox, EJ Jackson, JS Sterner, DE Butt, TR LaBaer, J Cotta, MA AF Hughes, Stephen R. Hector, Ronald E. Rich, Joseph O. Qureshi, Nasib Bischoff, Kenneth M. Dien, Bruce S. Saha, Badal C. Liu, Siqing Cox, Elby J. Jackson, John S., Jr. Sterner, David E. Butt, Tauseef R. LaBaer, Joshua Cotta, Michael A. TI Automated Yeast Mating Protocol Using Open Reading Frames from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genome to Improve Yeast Strains for Cellulosic Ethanol Production SO JALA LA English DT Article DE laboratory automation for metabolic engineering of yeast; cellulosic ethanol production; high-throughput screen for anaerobic growth on xylose; ORFs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome ID XYLOSE METABOLISM; WHEAT-STRAW; FERMENTATION AB Engineering the industrial ethanologen Saccharomyces cerevisiae to use pentose sugars from lignocellulosic biomass is critical for commercializing cellulosic fuel ethanol production. Approaches to engineer pentose-fermenting yeasts have required expression of additional genes. We implemented a high-throughput strategy to improve anaerobic growth on xylose and rate of ethanol production by evaluating overexpression of each native S. cerevisiae gene from a collection of haploid PJ69-4 MATa strains expressing the gene open reading frames (ORFs) mated to a haploid PJ69-4 MATalpha strain expressing the Piromyces sp.E2 xylose isomerase (XI) gene. The resulting 6113 diploid strains containing the XI gene and a different yeast gene ORE were screened for growth on xylose in anaerobic plate cultures using an integrated robotic workcell. Nine unique strains were isolated; two were found to no longer grow on glucose; seven were further evaluated for fermentation of alkaline peroxide pretreated enzymatically saccharified wheat straw hydrolysate. All successfully used glucose and xylose, consuming most of the glucose and a small amount of the xylose. Transforming the strains with an additional vector expressing xylulokinase gene did not improve anaerobic growth on xylose but improved glucose use and ethanol production on the hydrolysate, with three strains giving maximum ethanol production >= 14.0 g L(-1). (JALA 2009;14:190-199) C1 [Hughes, Stephen R.; Rich, Joseph O.; Bischoff, Kenneth M.; Liu, Siqing; Cox, Elby J.; Jackson, John S., Jr.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Bioprod & Biocatalysis BBC Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Hector, Ronald E.; Qureshi, Nasib; Dien, Bruce S.; Saha, Badal C.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Fermentat Biotechnol FBT Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. [Sterner, David E.] Progenra Inc, Malvern, PA USA. [Butt, Tauseef R.] LifeSensors Inc, Malvern, PA USA. [LaBaer, Joshua] Harvard Inst Prote, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Hughes, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Bioprod & Biocatalysis BBC Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Stephen.Hughes@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 FU National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health [P41 RR11823] FX We thank Karen Hughes for critical reading and formatting of the manuscript. We also thank Nathane Orwig for performing the sequencing work. The gift of the pOAD plasmid library from Stanley Fields at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA is greatly appreciated. This work was supported by the National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health by a grant to Trisha N. Davis entitled "Comprehensive Biology Exploiting the Yeast Genome," P41 RR11823. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1535-5535 J9 JALA-J ASSOC LAB AUT JI JALA PD AUG PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 SI SI BP 190 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.jala.2008.12.009 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 692OW UT WOS:000285163100005 ER PT J AU Hughes, SR Rich, JO Bischoff, KM Hector, RE Qureshi, N Saha, BC Dien, BS Liu, SQ Jackson, JS Sterner, DE Butt, TR LaBaer, J Cotta, MA AF Hughes, Stephen R. Rich, Joseph O. Bischoff, Kenneth M. Hector, Ronald E. Qureshi, Nasib Saha, Badal C. Dien, Bruce S. Liu, Siqing Jackson, John S., Jr. Sterner, David E. Butt, Tauseef R. LaBaer, Joshua Cotta, Michael A. TI Automated Yeast Transformation Protocol to Engineer Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains for Cellulosic Ethanol Production with Open Reading Frames That Express Proteins Binding to Xylose Isomerase Identified Using a Robotic Two-Hybrid Screen SO JALA LA English DT Article DE automated yeast transformation protocol; work cell-based yeast two-hybrid high-throughput screen; proteins binding xylose isomerase; Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome ORFs; cellulosic fuel ethanol ID ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; WHEAT-STRAW; FERMENTATION; COMPONENT; ZINC; SITE; KEY AB Commercialization of fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has focused on engineering the glucose-fermenting industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to use pentose sugars. Because S. cerevisiae naturally metabolizes xylulose, one approach involves introducing xylose isomerase (XI), which catalyzes conversion of xylose to xylulose. In this study, an automated two-hybrid interaction protocol was used to find yeast genes encoding proteins that bind XI to identify potential targets for improving xylose utilization by S. cerevisiae. A pDEST32 vector re-engineered for TRP selection and containing the Gal4 binding domain fused with the Piromyces sp. E2 XI open reading frame (ORF) was used as bait with a library of LEU-selectable pOAD vectors containing the Gal4 activation domain in fusion with members of the S. cerevisiae genome ORE collection. Binding of a yeast ORF protein to XI activates two chromosomally located reporter genes in a PJ69-4 yeast strain to give selective growth. Five genes, including ADHI, were identified in the two-hybrid screen, suggesting the proteins encoded by these genes bind to XI. The effect of ADHI overexpression was examined using the pSUMOduoHisADHI vector in an automated protocol to transform eight previously identified yeast strains that showed anaerobic growth on xylose. One transformant consumed all available glucose, xylose, and arabinose during growth on wheat straw hydrolysate. (JALA 2009;14:200-212) C1 [Hughes, Stephen R.; Rich, Joseph O.; Bischoff, Kenneth M.; Liu, Siqing; Jackson, John S., Jr.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Bioprod & Biocatalysis BBC Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Hector, Ronald E.; Qureshi, Nasib; Saha, Badal C.; Dien, Bruce S.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Fermentat Biotechnol FBT Res Unit, Peoria, IL USA. [Sterner, David E.] Progenra Inc, Malvern, PA USA. [Butt, Tauseef R.] LifeSensors Inc, Malvern, PA USA. [LaBaer, Joshua] Harvard Inst Prote, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Hughes, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Bioprod & Biocatalysis BBC Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1535-5535 J9 JALA-J LAB AUTOM JI JALA PD AUG PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 SI SI BP 200 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.jala.2009.02.006 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 692OW UT WOS:000285163100006 ER PT J AU Liu, SX Kim, JT AF Liu, Sean X. Kim, Jun-Tae TI Application of Kevin-Voigt Model in Quantifying Whey Protein Adsorption on Polyethersulfone Using QCM-D SO JALA LA English DT Article DE QCM-D; protein adsorption; polyethersulfone; membrane fouling; Kevin-Voigt model ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; DISSIPATION; MEMBRANES AB The study of protein adsorption on the membrane surface is of great importance to cheese-making processors that use polymeric membrane-based processes to recover whey protein from the process waste streams. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) is a lab-scale, fast analytical technique that can precisely monitor and quantify the amount of proteins adsorbed onto the polymer surface in real time. The ability of the software that accompanies the instrument to predict the minute amount of the mass of the protein on the surface and the structural properties of the adsorbed protein requires a suitable viscoelastic model to convert the data of frequency and dissipation shift responses generated from the QCM-D apparatus into the mass and viscoelastic properties of the proteins adsorbed on the surface at given times. In this study, data recorded by a QCM-D apparatus were fitted into the Kevin-Voigt model, to quantify the whey protein adsorption on the polyethersulfone membrane surface. (JALA 2009;14:213-220) C1 [Liu, Sean X.] USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Kim, Jun-Tae] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Liu, SX (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sean.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1535-5535 J9 JALA-J ASSOC LAB AUT JI JALA PD AUG PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 SI SI BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.jala.2009.01.003 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 692OW UT WOS:000285163100007 ER PT J AU Zinn, KE Hernot, DC Fastinger, ND Karr-Lilienthal, LK Bechtel, PJ Swanson, KS Fahey, GC AF Zinn, K. E. Hernot, D. C. Fastinger, N. D. Karr-Lilienthal, L. K. Bechtel, P. J. Swanson, K. S. Fahey, G. C., Jr. TI Fish protein substrates can substitute effectively for poultry by-product meal when incorporated in high-quality senior dog diets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dog; ageing; fish substrates; digestibility; immunity ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; AGED DOGS; EXPRESSION; LIPIDS; BLOOD; RATIO AB P>An experiment was conducted to analytically define several novel fish substrates and determine the effects of feeding diets containing these substrates on total tract nutrient digestibilities and on immune status of senior dogs. The control diet contained poultry by-product meal while test diets contained 20% milt meal (MM), pink salmon hydrolysate (PSH) and white fish meal (WFM) added at the expense of poultry by-product meal. Concentrations of lymphocytes positive for CD3, CD4, CD8 alpha and CD21 cell-surface markers and immunoglobulin concentrations were measured. Gene expression of cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Major compositional differences were noted among fish substrates but apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients and immune indices were not affected by treatment. Fish protein substrates were found to be effective substitutes for poultry by-product meal, providing diets of high nutritive value for senior dogs. C1 [Zinn, K. E.; Hernot, D. C.; Fastinger, N. D.; Karr-Lilienthal, L. K.; Swanson, K. S.; Fahey, G. C., Jr.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bechtel, P. J.] Univ Alaska, ARS, USDA, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Fahey, GC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 328 Mumford Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gcfahey@uiuc.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2439 J9 J ANIM PHYSIOL AN N JI J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 93 IS 4 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00826.x PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 469GG UT WOS:000267883400008 PM 18492029 ER PT J AU MacNeil, MD AF MacNeil, M. D. TI Invited Review: Research contributions from seventy-five years of breeding Line 1 Hereford cattle at Miles City, Montana SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE beef cattle; genetic evaluation; genetic resources; history; inbreeding; selection ID INDEPENDENT CULLING LEVELS; AVERAGE BIRTH-WEIGHT; HIGH YEARLING WEIGHT; X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; BEEF CATTLE; ECONOMIC CHARACTERS; WEANING TRAITS; MASS SELECTION; GENETIC EVALUATIONS; POSTWEANING TRAITS AB For 75 yr, Line 1 Hereford cattle have been at the forefront of beef cattle breeding research. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of scientific contributions made using the Line 1 Hereford population. It was initially developed as contribution to a western regional program from which beef producers were envisioned to use heterosis by crossing selected inbred lines. Whereas this vision was never fulfilled, being largely supplanted by crossbreeding, Line 1 has had a profound influence on beef cattle breeding research and the Hereford breed. For more than 60 yr, Hereford breeders and commercial beef producers have purchased Line 1 Hereford germplasm for use in their herds. By example, Line 1 illustrates a successful line-breeding program through which a 39% additive relationship to the founding sire has been maintained over more than 18 generations. Procedures for performance testing beef cattle can be traced to original research with Line 1. Data from Line 1 contributed to the first estimates of heritability and genetic correlation for beef cattle. Work with Line 1 has also contributed greatly to the understanding of maternal genetic effects in beef cattle. Diallel crossing with other inbred lines provided early estimates of heterosis for beef cattle, complimented by the later observation that heterosis resulted in complete recovery of the accumulated negative effects of inbreeding. After exchanges of germplasm with the Northern Montana Agricultural Experiment Station at Havre and the Brooksville Beef Cattle Research Station in Florida, pioneering comprehensive evaluations of genotype x environment interaction were conducted. Breeding practices implemented by USDA Agricultural Research Service at Miles City make Line 1 the longest running selection experiment using beef cattle worldwide. This long-term database has provided an exceptional resource for prototype evaluations of procedures for national cattle evaluation, and the results make up an integral part of the foundation of modern-day genetic evaluation programs. Having used DNA from Line 1 in the development of a bacterial artificial chromosome library and the bovine genome sequence, Line 1 Hereford cattle are uniquely positioned for continued contributions in future research. C1 USDA ARS, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP MacNeil, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mike.macneil@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 69 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 87 IS 8 BP 2489 EP 2501 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-1909 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 469XR UT WOS:000267935800004 PM 19395508 ER PT J AU Ford, JJ Wise, TH AF Ford, J. J. Wise, T. H. TI Sertoli cell differentiation in pubertal boars SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anti-Mullerian hormone; CDKN1B; porcine; puberty; Sertoli cell; testis ID ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE; 2 DIVERSE BREEDS; TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT; PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY; FUNCTIONAL MATURATION; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; MEISHAN BOARS; TESTIS; ONTOGENY AB Meishan boars experience puberty at a younger age than crossbred boars in association with earlier expansion of seminiferous tubules and smaller postpubertal testicular size. The current study defined changes in expression, assessed by immunohistochemistry, of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and CDKN1B, markers of Sertoli cell differentiation, in prepubertal Meishan and crossbred (BX) boars and related these changes with the pubertal expansion of seminiferous tubules. Expression of AMH in tubules of Meishan and BX boars increased (P < 0.002) from 7 to 28 d of age. Pubertal development was characterized by declining AMH expression (P < 0.001), followed by increasing (P < 0.001) expression of CDKN1B in Sertoli cell nuclei and subsequent expansion of tubules. These pubertal changes occurred at younger (P < 0.001) ages in Meishan than in BX boars. In testes of 90-d-old BX boars, expression of CDKN1B in Sertoli cell nuclei and tubular diameter increased (P < 0.001) from the mediastinum outwardly toward the tunica. Evaluation of the same tubules in adjacent sections established that expression of AMH decreased followed by expression of CDKN1B in Sertoli cell nuclei; both changes occurred before tubular diameter achieved 90 mu m. In BX boars unilaterally castrated at 90 d of age, tubular diameter was inversely related to weight of the remaining testis at 10 mo (P < 0.05), supporting terminal differentiation of Sertoli cells in a subpopulation of these boars. These studies established temporal relationships of AMH, CDKN1B, and seminiferous tubule diameter in pubertal boars of 2 genetically diverse lines and determined that differentiation of Sertoli cells during pubertal development progresses as a gradient from the mediastinum outwardly toward the tunica. C1 [Ford, J. J.; Wise, T. H.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ford, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM joe.ford@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 87 IS 8 BP 2536 EP 2543 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-1906 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 469XR UT WOS:000267935800009 PM 19420233 ER PT J AU Veum, TL Ledoux, DR Shannon, MC Raboy, V AF Veum, T. L. Ledoux, D. R. Shannon, M. C. Raboy, V. TI Effect of graded levels of iron, zinc, and copper supplementation in diets with low-phytate or normal barley on growth performance, bone characteristics, hematocrit volume, and zinc and copper balance of young swine SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE barley; growth performance; nutrient balance; phytate; swine; trace mineral ID SOYBEAN MEAL DIETS; IMPROVES NUTRIENT UTILIZATION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PIGS FED DIETS; PHYTIC-ACID; GROWING-PIGS; PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS AB Fifty crossbred barrows with an average initial age of 31 d and BW of 9.94 kg were used in a 28-d experiment to evaluate the effect of a low-phytic acid (LPA) barley mutant (M) M955, a near-isogenic progeny of the normal barley (NB) cultivar Harrington with about 90% less phytate than NB, to increase the utilization of Fe, Zn, and Cu compared with diets containing NB. The response criteria were growth performance, hematocrit volume, metacarpal bone characteristics, and the apparent absorption, retention, and excretion of Zn and Cu. The 2 barley cultivars (NB and M955) and the 5 trace mineral (TM) treatment concentrations of Fe and Zn (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the requirement as FeSO(4) and ZnSO(4)) and Cu (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160% of the requirement as CuSO(4)) made 10 treatments in a factorial arrangement. Available P was equalized at 0.33% in all diets by adding monosodium phosphate to the basal diet containing NB, and all diets contained 0.65% Ca. Diets were adequate in all other nutrients. Barley and soybean meal were the only sources of phytate in the practical diets that also contained spray-dried whey. The barrows were fed the diets to appetite in meal form twice daily in individual metabolism crates. There were no barley cultivar x TM treatment interactions, and there were no differences between the NB and M955 barley cultivars for any of the response criteria measured. However, for the TM treatments, there were linear increases ( P <= 0.05) in ADFI, ADG, hematocrit volume, metacarpal bone breaking strength and ash weight, and the apparent absorption, retention, and excretion (mg/d) of Zn and Cu. In conclusion, the LPA barley had no effect on the response criteria in this experiment, apparently because of the small increase in the availability of the endogenous trace minerals in the practical diets containing M955 compared with NB. However, increasing the supplementation of Fe and Zn from 0 to 100% (160% for Cu) of the requirement resulted in linear increases in growth performance, hematocrit volume, metacarpal bone strength and ash weight, and the apparent absorption, retention, and excretion of Zn and Cu. Therefore, these results indicate that the inorganic trace mineral supplementation of practical diets for young pigs should not be less than the National Research Council requirements for swine. C1 [Veum, T. L.; Ledoux, D. R.; Shannon, M. C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Raboy, V.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Veum, TL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM veumt@missouri.edu RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 FU Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta.; USDA-ARS Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen, ID; Idaho Barley Commission, Boise, ID FX Supported in part by the Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta., the USDA-ARS Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Aberdeen, ID, and the Idaho Barley Commission, Boise, ID. We thank D. Bollinger, J. Smith, A. Tsunoda, C. Wu, M. Gore, and K. Ingram ( University of Missouri, Columbia) for assistance with animal care and data collection. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 87 IS 8 BP 2625 EP 2634 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1604 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 469XR UT WOS:000267935800018 PM 19359503 ER PT J AU Depenbusch, BE Loe, ER Sindt, JJ Cole, NA Higgins, JJ Drouillard, JS AF Depenbusch, B. E. Loe, E. R. Sindt, J. J. Cole, N. A. Higgins, J. J. Drouillard, J. S. TI Optimizing use of distillers grains in finishing diets containing steam-flaked corn SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; corn; digestibility; distillers grain; sorghum ID BY-PRODUCTS; FEEDING VALUE; GLUTEN FEED; CATTLE; PERFORMANCE; SOLUBLES; LEVEL; RUMINANTS; SORGHUM; STEER AB Two hundred ninety-nine crossbred yearling steers (363 +/- 15 kg initial BW) were fed for an average of 114 d in a finishing study comparing 7 diets in which steam-flaked corn was used as the principal energy source. Forty-nine pens were used in this study with 7 BW blocks, 7 pens per treatment, and 5 to 7 steers per pen. A control diet with no distillers grains with solubles (DGS) was compared with 6 diets containing 15% DGS (DM basis). The diets contained wet sorghum DGS with 0 or 6% alfalfa hay, dried sorghum DGS with 0 or 6% alfalfa hay, wet corn DGS with 6% alfalfa hay, or dried corn DGS with 6% alfalfa hay. Apparent total tract digestibilities were calculated by total collection of fecal material from the concrete-surfaced pens over a 72-h period. Dry matter intake, ADG, G: F, and carcass characteristics were similar (P >= 0.18) for steers fed finishing diets with or without 15% DGS. However, apparent total tract digestibilities of DM and OM were 2.8% less (P <= 0.03) for finishing diets containing 15% DGS (DM basis). Dry matter intake, ADG, G: F, apparent total tract digestibility, and carcass characteristics were not different (P >= 0.09) for steers fed finishing diets containing sorghum or corn DGS. Dry matter intake, ADG, G: F, apparent total tract digestibility, and carcass characteristics also were not different (P >= 0.10) for steers fed finishing diets containing wet or dried DGS. Steers fed sorghum DGS with 6% hay consumed more DM (P < 0.01) and gained more BW (P < 0.01) than steers fed diets without hay, but G: F were not different (P > 0.78). Sorghum DGS diets containing alfalfa hay were 4% less (P = 0.01) digestible than sorghum DGS diets containing no hay. Carcasses of steers fed sorghum DGS diets without hay were lighter, leaner, and had decreased USDA yield grades (P = 0.01) compared with steers fed sorghum DGS diets containing hay. Feeding moderate levels (i.e., 15%, DM basis) of DGS resulted in growth performance and carcass characteristics similar to those of cattle fed no DGS. In addition, sorghum- and corn-based DGS had similar feeding values, and wet (approximate to 31% DM) and dried (approximate to 91% DM) DGS also had similar feeding values. Complete removal of alfalfa hay in diets containing DGS improved diet digestibility but reduced growth performance and carcass finish. C1 [Depenbusch, B. E.; Loe, E. R.; Sindt, J. J.; Drouillard, J. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Cole, N. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Higgins, J. J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Drouillard, JS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jdrouill@ksu.edu FU Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas [09-013-J] FX This is contribution No. 09-013-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 87 IS 8 BP 2644 EP 2652 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1358 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 469XR UT WOS:000267935800020 PM 19359511 ER PT J AU Rinella, MJ Hileman, BJ AF Rinella, Matthew J. Hileman, Benjamin J. TI Efficacy of prescribed grazing depends on timing intensity and frequency SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Euphorbia esula; herbivore defence; invasive species; leafy spurge; rangeland; sheep; simulated grazing; targeted grazing ID LEAFY SPURGE; EUPHORBIA-ESULA; FITNESS COMPONENTS; SPOTTED KNAPWEED; PERENNIAL HERB; PLANT DEFENSE; IDAHO FESCUE; RANGELAND; HERBIVORY; GOATS AB P>1. Exotic weeds and woody plants have invaded many grasslands, and prescribed grazing is one management technique used to combat these plants. Prescribed grazing entails introducing livestock such as sheep or goats that eat unwanted plants. It sometimes has desirable effects, but inconsistencies among study results discourage widespread use. Detailed studies that manipulate grazing timings, intensities and frequencies may explain inconsistencies among previous studies and identify effective weed control strategies. 2. We studied Euphorbia esula, an invasive forb avoided by cattle but eaten by sheep. We used simulated grazing (clipping) to estimate E. esula and resident plant responses to cattle and sheep grazing protocols. 3. Depending on timing, intensity and frequency, simulated grazing either: (i) did not dramatically affect the invader and/or resident species, (ii) increased the invader and decreased resident species or (iii) decreased the invader and increased resident species. These disparate results illustrate that successful prescribed grazing entails more than simply introducing animals that eat unwanted plants. 4. Our most promising finding was that removing small quantities of invader and resident species' biomass at early growth stages reduced the invader and increased resident species over time. Defoliating more intensively at later growth stages often gave the opposite response. Forage availability is lowest in spring, so a given landmass can be prescription grazed with fewer animals (or in less time) in spring compared with later in the year. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study illustrates that responses to prescribed grazing depend heavily on the specifics of the grazing regime. Our results show that some grazing strategies have the potential to exacerbate weed problems, while other strategies help to control the invader and restore desired species. In the case of E. esula, very light prescribed grazing can be beneficial when conducted early in the growing season. C1 [Rinella, Matthew J.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Hileman, Benjamin J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Rinella, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM matt.rinella@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 4 BP 796 EP 803 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01676.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 466ZW UT WOS:000267706000008 ER PT J AU Perez-Diaz, IM McFeeters, RF AF Perez-Diaz, I. M. McFeeters, R. F. TI Modification of azo dyes by lactic acid bacteria SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE azo dyes; food dyes; lactic acid bacteria; tartrazine anabolism; textile waste waters ID DEGRADATION AB Aim: The ability of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei to modify the azo dye, tartrazine, was recently documented as the result of the investigation on red coloured spoilage in acidified cucumbers. Fourteen other lactic acid bacteria ( LAB) were screened for their capability to modify the food colouring tartrazine and other azo dyes of relevance for the textile industry. Methods and Results: Most LAB modified tartrazine under anaerobic conditions, but not under aerobic conditions in modified chemically defined media. Microbial growth was not affected by the presence of the azo dyes in the culture medium. The product of the tartrazine modification by LAB was identified as a molecule 111 daltons larger than its precursor by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This product had a purple colour under aerobic conditions and was colourless under anaerobic conditions. It absorbed light at 361 and 553 nm. Conclusion: LAB are capable of anabolizing azo dyes only under anaerobic conditions. Impact and Significance of the Study: Although micro-organisms capable of reducing the azo bond on multiple dyes have been known for decades, this is the first report of anabolism of azo dyes by food related micro-organisms, such as LAB. C1 [Perez-Diaz, I. M.; McFeeters, R. F.] N Carolina State Univ, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Perez-Diaz, IM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ilenys.perez-diaz@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 584 EP 589 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04227.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 469GB UT WOS:000267882800026 PM 19302317 ER PT J AU Glenn, AE Bacon, CW AF Glenn, A. E. Bacon, C. W. TI FDB2 encodes a member of the arylamine N-acetyltransferase family and is necessary for biotransformation of benzoxazolinones by Fusarium verticillioides SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benzoxazolinone; biotransformation; BOA; fumonisin; Gibberella moniliformis; maize; MBOA ID BENZOXAZINONE ALLELOCHEMICALS; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; FUMONISIN PRODUCTION; SOIL TRANSFORMATION; ZEA-MAYS; GENE; CORN; DETOXIFICATION; MONILIFORME; MAIZE AB Aims: To clone and characterize genes from the mycotoxigenic fungus, Fusarium verticillioides, which are associated with its ability to biotransform allelopathic benzoxazolinones produced by maize, wheat, and rye. Methods and Results: Suppression subtractive hybridization identified F. verticillioides genes up-regulated in response to 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA), including a cluster of genes along chromosome 3. One of these genes, putatively encoding an arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT), was highly represented in the subtracted library and was of particular interest since previous analyses identified the FDB2 locus as possibly encoding transferase activity. The gene was subcloned and complemented a natural fdb2 mutant. Conversely, disruption of the gene eliminated the ability of F. verticillioides to metabolize BOA. Other genes in the cluster also were assessed using a complementation assay. Metabolic profiles of fdb2 mutants suggest that minor acylation activity occurred independently of the NAT activity encoded by FDB2. Conclusions: The previously defined FDB2 locus was functionally associated with the gene encoding putative NAT activity, and the FDB2 gene was essential for biotransformation of BOA. The flanking gene FDB3 encodes a putative Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor and contributes to efficient BOA biotransformation but was not essential. Significance and Impact of the Study: Biotransformation of benzoxazolinones by F. verticillioides may enhance its ecological fitness in maize field environments and our results provide greater understanding of the genes that modulate the biotransformation process. Additionally, this is the first homologue of the NAT gene family to be characterized in a filamentous fungus. C1 [Glenn, A. E.; Bacon, C. W.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Glenn, AE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM anthony.glenn@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 107 IS 2 BP 657 EP 671 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04246.x PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 469GB UT WOS:000267882800033 PM 19302487 ER PT J AU Fricke, WF Welch, TJ McDermott, PF Mammel, MK LeClerc, JE White, DG Cebula, TA Ravel, J AF Fricke, W. Florian Welch, Timothy J. McDermott, Patrick F. Mammel, Mark K. LeClerc, J. Eugene White, David G. Cebula, Thomas A. Ravel, Jacques TI Comparative Genomics of the IncA/C Multidrug Resistance Plasmid Family SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMONICIDA SUBSP SALMONICIDA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CONJUGAL TRANSFER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; YERSINIA-PESTIS; UNITED-STATES; FISH-PATHOGEN; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; REPLICON; SEQUENCE AB Multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids belonging to the IncA/C plasmid family are widely distributed among Salmonella and other enterobacterial isolates from agricultural sources and have, at least once, also been identified in a drug-resistant Yersinia pestis isolate (IP275) from Madagascar. Here, we present the complete plasmid sequences of the IncA/C reference plasmid pRA1 (143,963 bp), isolated in 1971 from the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila, and of the cryptic IncA/C plasmid pRAx (49,763 bp), isolated from Escherichia coli transconjugant D7-3, which was obtained through pRA1 transfer in 1980. Using comparative sequence analysis of pRA1 and pRAx with recent members of the IncA/C plasmid family, we show that both plasmids provide novel insights into the evolution of the IncA/C MDR plasmid family and the minimal machinery necessary for stable IncA/C plasmid maintenance. Our results indicate that recent members of the IncA/C plasmid family evolved from a common ancestor, similar in composition to pRA1, through stepwise integration of horizontally acquired resistance gene arrays into a conserved plasmid backbone. Phylogenetic comparisons predict type IV secretion-like conjugative transfer operons encoded on the shared plasmid backbones to be closely related to a group of integrating conjugative elements, which use conjugative transfer for horizontal propagation but stably integrate into the host chromosome during vegetative growth. A hipAB toxin-antitoxin gene cluster found on pRA1, which in Escherichia coli is involved in the formation of persister cell subpopulations, suggests persistence as an early broad-spectrum antimicrobial resistance mechanism in the evolution of IncA/C resistance plasmids. C1 [Fricke, W. Florian; Ravel, Jacques] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, IGS, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Welch, Timothy J.] USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [McDermott, Patrick F.; White, David G.] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Mammel, Mark K.; LeClerc, J. Eugene] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Cebula, Thomas A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Ravel, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, IGS, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM jravel@som.umaryland.edu RI Ravel, Jacques/D-2530-2009; OI Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institutes of Health; Department of Health and Human Services [N01-AI-30071] FX The sequencing of pRAx was supported with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under NIAID contract N01-AI-30071. NR 46 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 191 IS 15 BP 4750 EP 4757 DI 10.1128/JB.00189-09 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 469YD UT WOS:000267937000007 PM 19482926 ER PT J AU Kaplan, F Badri, DV Zachariah, C Ajredini, R Sandoval, FJ Roje, S Levine, LH Zhang, FL Robinette, SL Alborn, HT Zhao, W Stadler, M Nimalendran, R Dossey, AT Bruschweiler, R Vivanco, JM Edison, AS AF Kaplan, Fatma Badri, Dayakar V. Zachariah, Cherian Ajredini, Ramadan Sandoval, Francisco J. Roje, Sanja Levine, Lanfang H. Zhang, Fengli Robinette, Steven L. Alborn, Hans T. Zhao, Wei Stadler, Michael Nimalendran, Rathika Dossey, Aaron T. Brueschweiler, Rafael Vivanco, Jorge M. Edison, Arthur S. TI Bacterial Attraction and Quorum Sensing Inhibition in Caenorhabditis elegans Exudates SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C. elegans exudates; Bacterial chemotaxis; Metabolomics; Quorum sensing inhibitor; Chemical ecology; Nematodes ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA KT2440; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AMINO-ACIDS; CHEMOTACTIC RESPONSE; C-ELEGANS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELL-DEATH; AERUGINOSA; NEMATODE AB Caenorhabditis elegans, a bacterivorous nematode, lives in complex rotting fruit, soil, and compost environments, and chemical interactions are required for mating, monitoring population density, recognition of food, avoidance of pathogenic microbes, and other essential ecological functions. Despite being one of the best-studied model organisms in biology, relatively little is known about the signals that C. elegans uses to interact chemically with its environment or as defense. C. elegans exudates were analyzed by using several analytical methods and found to contain 36 common metabolites that include organic acids, amino acids, and sugars, all in relatively high abundance. Furthermore, the concentrations of amino acids in the exudates were dependent on developmental stage. The C. elegans exudates were tested for bacterial chemotaxis using Pseudomonas putida (KT2440), a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), a soil bacterium pathogenic to C. elegans, and Escherichia coli (OP50), a non-motile bacterium tested as a control. The C. elegans exudates attracted the two Pseudomonas species, but had no detectable antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. To our surprise, the exudates of young adult and adult life stages of C. elegans exudates inhibited quorum sensing in the reporter system based on the LuxR bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system, which regulates bacterial virulence and other factors in Vibrio fischeri. We were able to fractionate the QS inhibition and bacterial chemotaxis activities, thus demonstrating that these activities are chemically distinct. Our results demonstrate that C. elegans can attract its bacterial food and has the potential of partially regulating the virulence of bacterial pathogens by inhibiting specific QS systems. C1 [Zachariah, Cherian; Ajredini, Ramadan; Robinette, Steven L.; Stadler, Michael; Nimalendran, Rathika; Dossey, Aaron T.; Edison, Arthur S.] Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kaplan, Fatma; Alborn, Hans T.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. [Badri, Dayakar V.; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zachariah, Cherian; Ajredini, Ramadan; Robinette, Steven L.; Stadler, Michael; Nimalendran, Rathika; Dossey, Aaron T.; Edison, Arthur S.] Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Zachariah, Cherian; Ajredini, Ramadan; Robinette, Steven L.; Stadler, Michael; Nimalendran, Rathika; Dossey, Aaron T.; Edison, Arthur S.] Univ Florida, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Gainesville, FL USA. [Sandoval, Francisco J.; Roje, Sanja] Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Levine, Lanfang H.] Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, Brevard Cty, FL USA. [Zhang, Fengli; Brueschweiler, Rafael] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zhao, Wei] St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RP Edison, AS (reprint author), Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM art@mbi.ufl.edu RI Bruschweiler, Rafael /F-6624-2015 FU Human Frontier Science Program; NIH [1R01GM085285-01]; NSF [MCB-0429968, DMR-0654118] FX Funding was provided through the Human Frontier Science Program (ASE), the NIH (1R01GM085285-01 to ASE), the NSF (MCB-0429968 to SR), and the NSF funded National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (DMR-0654118). We thank Dr Michael Givskov for providing the GFP-based AHL sensor system and QSIS1 reporter system. We thank Drs. Paul Sternberg and Jagan Srinivasan for helping to establish biological activity of worm water and Drs. David Powell, Mario de Bono, Frank Schroeder, and Peter Teal for helpful ideas in the worm water protocol and Alex K. Brasher for his help collecting worm exudates. NMR data were collected in the University of Florida AMRIS Facility, and we thank Jim Rocca for his help with NMR data collection and interpretation. NR 78 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 35 IS 8 BP 878 EP 892 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9670-0 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496FG UT WOS:000269954400003 PM 19649780 ER PT J AU Lapointe, SL Stelinski, LL Evens, TJ Niedz, RP Hall, DG Mafra-Neto, A AF Lapointe, Stephen L. Stelinski, Lukasz L. Evens, Terence J. Niedz, Randall P. Hall, David G. Mafra-Neto, Agenor TI Sensory Imbalance as Mechanism of Orientation Disruption in the Leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella: Elucidation by Multivariate Geometric Designs and Response Surface Models SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mating disruption; Pheromone blends; Mixtures; Citrus leafminer; Non-competitive disruption; Citrus canker ID MOTH SEXUAL COMMUNICATION; CITRUS LEAFMINER; MEDIATING DISRUPTION; MATING DISRUPTION; FIELD-EVALUATION; POINT SOURCES; PHEROMONE; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; DIFFERENTIATION AB Experimental designs developed to address mixtures are suited ideally to many areas of experimental biology, including pheromone blend studies, because such designs address the confounding of proportionality and concentration intrinsic to factorial and one-factor-at-a-time designs. Geometric multivariate designs coupled with response surface modeling allowed us to identify optimal blends of a two-component pheromone for attraction and trap disruption of the leafminer moth, Phyllocnistis citrella, a major pest in citrus growing areas around the world. Field trials confirmed that the natural 3:1 blend of (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal:(Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienal was most effective as an attractant for male moths. However, the response surface generated in mating orientation trials revealed that the triene component alone was more effective than the natural blend in disrupting trap catch. Each individual component was effective at disrupting orientation in field trials, but (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal was approximately 13 times more effective, at the same concentration, compared with (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienal alone. In addition, the application of geometric design and response surface modeling to field studies provided insight into a possible mechanism of mating disruption and supported sensory imbalance as the operating mechanism for this species. C1 [Lapointe, Stephen L.; Evens, Terence J.; Niedz, Randall P.; Hall, David G.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Stelinski, Lukasz L.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Mafra-Neto, Agenor] ISCA Technol Inc, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Lapointe, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM stephen.lapointe@ars.usda.gov FU USDA's IR-4 FX We thank Evans Properties, Vero Beach, FL for use of their grapefruit groves. David Melius, Kelsey Stevens, Alex Pheneger, Kathy Moulton, Matt Hentz and Anthea Diamondis (USDA-ARS, Ft. Pierce) and Ian Jackson, Angel Hoyte and Wendy Meyer (UF, Lake Alfred) assisted with field trials. ISCA Technologies provided lures and SPLAT formulations. Partial funding was provided by USDA's IR-4 Project. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 35 IS 8 BP 896 EP 903 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9674-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496FG UT WOS:000269954400005 PM 19763739 ER PT J AU Niu, GD Siegel, J Schuler, MA Berenbaum, MR AF Niu, Guodong Siegel, Joel Schuler, Mary A. Berenbaum, May R. TI Comparative Toxicity of Mycotoxins to Navel Orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) and Corn Earworm (Helicoverpa zea) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Ochratoxin; Toxicity; Amyelois transitella; Helicoverpa zea; Lepidoptera ID AFLATOXIN B-1; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASES; INSECT DAMAGE; OCHRATOXIN-A; LEPIDOPTERA; ALMONDS; METABOLISM; RAT; DNA; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins and ochratoxins, are widely distributed in nature and are frequently problematic crop contaminants that cause millions of dollars of annual losses in the United States. Insect infestations of crop plants significantly exacerbate mycotoxin contamination. Damage to a variety of nut species by Amyelois transitella Walker (navel orangeworm, NOW) is associated with infection by Aspergillus species and concomitant production of aflatoxins and ochratoxins. Resistance to aflatoxins in this lepidopteran is compared here with the levels of resistance in Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm, CEW), another lepidopteran that routinely encounters aflatoxins in its diet, albeit at lower levels. Measured as the developmental delay caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), it is apparent that the LC(50) (defined as the concentration preventing 50% of newly hatched larvae from entering the 2nd instar within 48 h) for AFB1 is 100 times greater for A. transitella than for H. zea. Similarly, A. transitella 1st instars display substantially higher tolerance to ochratoxin A, another mycotoxin contaminant produced by Aspergillus species, than do H. zea. Our studies indicate that A. transitella, although a hostplant generalist, may well be highly specialized for mycotoxin detoxification. C1 [Niu, Guodong; Berenbaum, May R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Siegel, Joel] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Schuler, Mary A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Berenbaum, MR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 320 Morrill Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM maybe@uiuc.edu RI Niu, Guodong/E-5846-2012 OI Niu, Guodong/0000-0002-1406-6698 FU Almond Board of California [ABC-C6480] FX We thank Dr. Rensen Zeng and Dr. Zhimou Wen for advice and assistance in the design, execution, and analysis of bioassays. Also, we thank Allen Lawrance for assistance with colony maintenance. This project was funded by a grant from the Almond Board of California (ABC-C6480). NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 35 IS 8 BP 951 EP 957 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9675-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496FG UT WOS:000269954400011 PM 19680726 ER PT J AU Cunha, CW Otto, L Taus, NS Knowles, DP Li, H AF Cunha, Cristina W. Otto, Lisa Taus, Naomi S. Knowles, Donald P. Li, Hong TI Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Malignant Catarrhal Fever Viruses in Clinical Samples SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; BISON BISON-BISON; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; SIKA-DEER; SHEEP; WILDEBEEST; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; FEEDLOT; OVHV-2 AB A multiplex real-time PCR was developed using a single pair of primers and fluorescent probes specific for five malignant catarrhal fever viruses and an internal positive control. The assay was able to simultaneously detect and differentiate the viruses in clinical samples with high sensitivity (97.2%) and specificity (100%). C1 [Cunha, Cristina W.; Taus, Naomi S.; Knowles, Donald P.; Li, Hong] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Otto, Lisa; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Cunha, CW (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, ARS, USDA, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM cwcunha@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA/ARS [CWU5348-32000024-00D] FX This work was supported by USDA/ARS CWU5348-32000024-00D. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 8 BP 2586 EP 2589 DI 10.1128/JCM.00997-09 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 477DV UT WOS:000268499600034 PM 19494077 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, V Pacheco, JM Gregg, D Baxt, B AF O'Donnell, V. Pacheco, J. M. Gregg, D. Baxt, B. TI Analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Integrin Receptor Expression in Tissues from Naive and Infected Cattle SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cattle; foot-and-mouth disease virus; integrin; receptor ID CELL ATTACHMENT; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CULTURED-CELLS; BOVINE-TISSUES; ALPHA(V)BETA(3); BINDING; ALPHA-V-BETA-6; RNA; NEUTRALIZATION; LOCALIZATION AB Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals principally affecting cattle, pigs and sheep. FMD virus (FMDV) uses the alpha(V)beta(1), alpha(V)beta(3), alpha(V)beta(6), and alpha(V)beta(8) integrins as receptors in vitro via a highly conserved arginine-glycine-aspartic acid amino acid sequence motif located within the beta G-beta H loop of VP1. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were used to study the expression of two major FMDV receptors, alpha(V)beta(3) and alpha(V)beta(6), within epithelial tissues from FMDV-infected and uninfected cattle in order to understand the role of these receptors in tissue tropism. Integrin alpha(V)beta(6) was expressed by epithelial cells in tissues that are important sites for FMDV replication (i.e. tongue and coronary band). Integrin alpha(V)beta(3) was detected in epithelium of all tissues examined except tongue. In addition, alpha(V)beta(3) expression was associated with blood vessels in all tissues examined. In infected tissues, alpha(V)beta(6) integrin was distributed on the surface of those epithelial cells also expressing FMDV antigen. Although integrin alpha(V)beta(3) has been shown to be a receptor for FMDV, no expression of alpha(V)beta(3) was associated with FMDV-positive keratinocytes in the tongue. In contrast, podal epithelial cells containing FMDV antigen also expressed alpha(V)beta(3) integrin. Thus, at the cellular level the expression of these two integrins correlates with susceptibility to infection and may contribute substantially to viral tropism in FMD pathogenesis. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Donnell, V.; Pacheco, J. M.; Gregg, D.; Baxt, B.] ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. [O'Donnell, V.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT USA. RP O'Donnell, V (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. EM vivian.odonnell@ars.usda.gov RI Clinebell, Kevin/M-2029-2014; OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201 FU US Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, through CRIS [1940-32000-035-00D, 58-1940-2-245]; Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA FX We thank Drs. Jonathan Arzt, Elizabeth Rieder and Luis Rodriguez for reading the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions. We thank M. Tucker for Tucker for technical assistance. This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, through CRIS project no. 1940-32000-035-00D and a Specific Cooperative Agreement no. 58-1940-2-245, with the Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD AUG-OCT PY 2009 VL 141 IS 2-3 BP 98 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.09.008 PG 15 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 475HG UT WOS:000268348600002 PM 19515380 ER PT J AU Beam, AL Lombard, JE Kopral, CA Garber, LP Winter, AL Hicks, JA Schlater, JL AF Beam, A. L. Lombard, J. E. Kopral, C. A. Garber, L. P. Winter, A. L. Hicks, J. A. Schlater, J. L. TI Prevalence of failure of passive transfer of immunity in newborn heifer calves and associated management practices on US dairy operations SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy calf; failure of passive transfer of immunity; risk factor; immunoglobulin G ID ACID-BASE-BALANCE; BOVINE COLOSTRUM; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ABSORPTION; FEEDING COLOSTRUM; HEAT-TREATMENT; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB Failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT) in dairy replacement calves has been linked to increased neonatal morbidity and mortality and long-term decreases in productivity. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of FPT in US dairy heifer calves in 2007 and to use nationally representative data to investigate associations of FPT with colostrum and calf management practices. A cross-sectional study was conducted by the USDA's National Animal Health Monitoring System between January and August 2007. Producers from 394 operations in 17 states completed survey questions about colostrum and calf management practices, and serum samples were collected from 1,816 healthy heifer calves on those operations. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were determined by radial immunodiffusion, and calves were classified as having FPT if the IgG concentration was less than 10 mg/mL. To investigate associations between FPT and management practices, a multivariable analysis was completed using a weighted logistic regression model. The estimated prevalence of FPT in US dairy heifer calves was 19.2%. The odds of FPT were higher for calves on operations that pooled colostrum [odds ratio (OR = 2.2)], allowed nursing (OR = 2.4), or hand fed colostrum more than 4 h after birth (OR = 2.7). The odds of FPT were also higher for calves on operations that did not provide a source of heat during cold weather for calves experiencing a dystocia (OR = 1.6), would not seek veterinary assistance when unable to correctly position a calf for delivery (OR = 2.6), or did not routinely monitor serum proteins in calves as a measure of passive transfer (OR = 13.8). The prevalence of FPT in dairy heifer calves has decreased in the last 15 yr, so progress has been made in this important area of calf management. This study identified several management practices associated with FPT that could be targeted for educational campaigns or further research. C1 [Beam, A. L.; Lombard, J. E.; Kopral, C. A.; Garber, L. P.] USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Winter, A. L.; Hicks, J. A.; Schlater, J. L.] USDA APHIS VS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Beam, AL (reprint author), USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM andrea.l.beam@aphis.usda.gov NR 30 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 92 IS 8 BP 3973 EP 3980 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2225 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 472MP UT WOS:000268136400046 PM 19620681 ER PT J AU Ghebremichael, LT Veith, TL Cerosaletti, PE Dewing, DE Rotz, CA AF Ghebremichael, L. T. Veith, T. L. Cerosaletti, P. E. Dewing, D. E. Rotz, C. A. TI Exploring economically and environmentally viable northeastern US dairy farm strategies for coping with rising corn grain prices SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forage management; no-till; phosphorus; simulation ID CARBON; AGROECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY AB In 2008, corn grain prices rose $115/t of DM above the 2005 average. Such an increase creates tight marginal profits for small (<100) and medium-sized ( 100 to 199) dairy farms in the northeastern United States importing corn grain as animal feed supplement. Particularly in New York State, dairy farmers are attempting to avoid or minimize profit losses by growing more corn silage and reducing corn grain purchases. This study applies the Integrated Farm Systems Model to 1 small and 1 medium-sized New York State dairy farm to predict 1) sediment and P loss impacts from expanding corn fields, 2) benefits of no-till or cover cropping on corn fields, and 3) alternatives to the economic challenge of the current farming system as the price ratio of milk to corn grain continues to decline. Based on the simulation results, expanding corn silage production by 3% of the cultivated farm area increased sediment and sediment-bound P losses by 41 and 18%, respectively. Implementing no-till controlled about 84% of the erosion and about 75% of the sediment-bound P that would have occurred from the conventionally tilled, expanded corn production scenario. Implementing a conventionally tilled cover crop with the conventionally tilled, expanded corn production scenario controlled both erosion and sediment-bound P, but to a lesser extent than no-till corn with no cover crop. However, annual farm net return using cover crops was slightly less than when using no-till. Increasing on-farm grass productivity while feeding cows a high-quality, high-forage diet and precise dietary P levels offered dual benefits: 1) improved farm profitability from reduced purchases of dietary protein and P supplements, and 2) decreased runoff P losses from reduced P-levels in applied manure. Moreover, alternatives such as growing additional small grains on marginal lands and increasing milk production levels demonstrated great potential in increasing farm profitability. Overall, it is crucial that conservation measures such as no-till and cover cropping be implemented on new or existing corn lands as these areas often pose the highest threat for P losses through runoff. Although alternatives that would likely provide the largest net profit were evaluated one at a time to better quantify their individual impacts, combinations of these strategies, such as no-till corn plus a minimum-till cover crop, are recommended whenever feasible. C1 [Veith, T. L.; Rotz, C. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ghebremichael, L. T.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. [Cerosaletti, P. E.; Dewing, D. E.] Cornell Cooperat Extens Delaware Cty, Hamden, NY 13782 USA. RP Veith, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tamie.veith@ars.usda.gov RI Veith, Tamie/H-4911-2011 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 92 IS 8 BP 4086 EP 4099 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2024 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 472MP UT WOS:000268136400058 PM 19620693 ER PT J AU Follett, PA AF Follett, Peter A. TI Generic Radiation Quarantine Treatments: The Next Steps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quarantine pest; postharvest phytosanitary treatment; irradiation; invasive species; ionizing radiation ID IONIZING IRRADIATION; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENT; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; FRUIT-FLIES; TORTRICIDAE; HOMOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; REPRODUCTION; TEPHRITIDAE AB In 2006, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service published a landmark rule providing generic radiation quarantine treatments. The rule approved radiation doses of 150 Gy for any tephritid fruit fly and 400 Gy for all other insects except the pupa and adult stages of Lepidoptera. The generic radiation treatments apply to all fresh horticultural commodities. Therefore, if a pest risk assessment demonstrates that no pupae or adult Lepidoptera are associated with a commodity, export approval can be forthcoming with no further research. Generic treatments are the culmination of decades of research but not an end point. Future research on quarantine and phytosanitary uses of radiation should focus on 1) development of specific doses for quarantine Lepidoptera not covered by the generic treatments, 2) reduction of dose levels for specific pests and commodities to shorten treatment time and minimize any deleterious effects of radiation treatment on commodity quality, 3) development of generic doses below 400 Gy for important groups of quarantine arthropods other than fruit flies, and 4) development of information on commodity tolerance and development of value-added irradiated fresh products that use generic radiation treatments. Generic treatments will facilitate safe trade between countries that have approved phytosanitary uses of radiation for fresh agricultural commodities. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM peter.follett@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1399 EP 1406 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600003 PM 19736749 ER PT J AU Pitts-Singer, TL James, RR AF Pitts-Singer, Theresa L. James, Rosalind R. TI Prewinter Management Affects Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Prepupal Physiology and Adult Emergence and Survival SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; alfalfa leafcutting bee; lipid; Medicago sativa ID OSMIA-LIGNARIA HYMENOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; DURATION; TIME; BEES AB The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata F. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), is widely used as a pollinator for production of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., seed, and populations of these bees can be maintained by alfalfa seed growers or can be purchased from mostly Canadian bee providers. M. rotundata raised in Canada have higher survival rates during the incubation that occurs after winter storage than do bees produced in the northwestern United States, but no reason has been found for this difference. We investigated whether storing immature M. rotundata for various time periods at a warm temperature (16 degrees C) before winter or allowing them to remain unmanaged at ambient temperatures affects physiological aspects of prepupae during the winter as well as the survival and longevity of adult bees after spring or summer incubation. Our results show that the timing of the onset of winter storage and incubation does affect prepupal weights, prepupal lipid and water contents, adult emergence, and adult female longevity. Winter storage of prepupae in November or December with a late June incubation resulted in heavier adults that emerged more readily than bees incubated in late May. However, adult females incubated in May thrived longer than June-incubated bees if fed a honey-water diet. Thus, some prewinter management regimes for M. rotundata commercial stocks may be more effective than others for achieving optimal adult emergence synchrony, as well as adult survival and longevity for pollination of a summer crop. C1 [Pitts-Singer, Theresa L.; James, Rosalind R.] USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84326 USA. RP Pitts-Singer, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84326 USA. EM theresa.pitts-singer@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1407 EP 1416 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600004 PM 19736750 ER PT J AU Mello, AFS Wayadande, AC Yokomi, RK Fletcher, J AF Mello, A. F. S. Wayadande, A. C. Yokomi, R. K. Fletcher, J. TI Transmission of Different Isolates of Spiroplasma citri to Carrot and Citrus by Circulifer tenellus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carrot purple leaf disease; citrus stubborn disease; propagative transmission; leafhopper vectors ID STUBBORN DISEASE; BRITTLE ROOT; LEAFHOPPER VECTOR; HORSERADISH; PLANTS; LINES; BR3 AB Carrot purple leaf disease was first reported in 2006 in the state of Washington and was associated with Spiroplasma citri. The disease also was reported in California in 2008. The objectives of this work were to fulfill Koch's postulates and to determine 1) whether the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), transmits carrot I Daucus carota L. subsp. Sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang] isolates of S. citri; and 2) whether carrot and citrus I Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] derived spiroplasmas are pathogenic to both plant species. C. tenellus adults received a 24-h acquisition access period to a diet containing carrot-derived S. citri. After 30 d, insects were transferred to healthy carrot seedlings (five per plant). Negative controls were carrot and periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] plants exposed to diet-only-fed insects, and positive controls were periwinkle plants exposed to insects fed on spiroplasma-supplemented diet. Purple carrot leaves and small, chlorotic periwinkle leaves were evident 10-45 d after exposure. Spiroplasmas were reisolated only from symptomatic plants, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed their identity as S. citri. No symptoms occurred, and no spiroplasma-specific PCR amplifications or spiroplasma cultures were obtained from plants exposed to diet only-fed insects. Carrot-derived S. citri was transmitted to 15 and 50% of carrot and periwinkle plants exposed, respectively. Insects exposed to S. citri isolates from carrot or citrus transmitted the pathogen to both their host of origin and to the other plant host (carrot or citrus), showing no isolate-host specificity. Our findings confirm that carrot is a host of S. citri. Although carrot is not a preferred host of C. tenellus, it is likely that inoculative leafhoppers feed on carrot during seasonal migration. C1 [Mello, A. F. S.; Wayadande, A. C.; Fletcher, J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Yokomi, R. K.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Fletcher, J (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jacqueline.fletcher@okstate.edu RI Mello, Alexandre/B-9389-2014 FU USDA-ARS Service [5302-22000-007-15]; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank E. Civerolo (ARS-USDA, Parlier, CA) and D. Smith and E. Rebek (Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK) for reviewing the manuscript; L. Whitworth (Recombinant DNA/Protein Resource Facility, Oklahoma State University) for assistance in amplicon sequencing;and J. Nuflez for providing carrot samples. This study was funded by USDA-ARS Service project 5302-22000-007-15 and by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Project 2052. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1417 EP 1422 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600005 PM 19736751 ER PT J AU Mangan, RL Moreno, AT AF Mangan, Robert L. Moreno, Aleena Tarshis TI Honey Bee Foraging Preferences, Effects of Sugars, and Fruit Fly Toxic Bait Components SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE honey bee; Apis mellifera; GF-120; Spinosad; Tephritidae ID DANCE-LANGUAGE; SPINOSAD; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; FLORIDA; SPRAYS; IMPACT; CITRUS AB Field tests were carried out to evaluate the repellency of the Dow AgroSciences fruit fly toxic bait CF-120 (NF Naturalyte) to domestic honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). GF-120 is an organically registered attractive bait for tephritid fruit flies composed of spinosad, hydrolyzed protein (Solulys), high-fructose corn syrup (ADM CornSweet 42 high-fructose corn syrup, referred to as invertose sugar or invertose here), vegetable oils, adjuvants, humectants, and attractants. Tests were carried out with non-Africanized honey bees in February and March 2005 and 2007 during periods of maximum hunger for these bees. In all tests, bees were first trained to forage from plates of 30% honey-water (2005) or 30% invertose (2007). In 2005 bees were offered choices between honey-water and various bait components, including the complete toxic bait. In 2007, similar tests were performed except bees were attracted with 30% invertose then offered the bait components or complete bait as no-choice tests. Initially, the 2005 tests used all the components of CF-120 except the spinosad as the test bait. After we were convinced that bees would not collect or be contaminated by the bait, we tested the complete GF-120. Behavior of the bees indicated that during initial attraction and after switching the baits, the bait components and the complete bait were repellent to honey bees, but the honey-water remained attractive. Invertose was shown to be less attractive to bees, addition of Solulys eliminated almost all bee activity, and addition of ammonium acetate completely eliminated feeding in both choice and no-choice tests. These results confirm previous tests showing that bees do not feed on GF-120 and also show that honey bees are repelled by the fruit fly attractant components of the bait in field tests. C1 [Mangan, Robert L.; Moreno, Aleena Tarshis] USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Mangan, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM robert.mangan@ars.usda.gov FU Dow AgroSciences [58-3K95-9-714, 58-3K95-5-1105] FX We thank Daniel Rodriguez and David Sanchez for field assistance and Frank Eischen (USDA-ARS) for technical advice. We also thank John Adamczyk (USDA-ARS) and Mark Hertlein (Dow AgroSciences) for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. The study was improved by discussion with attendees during and following a presentation of this study atthe 2005 Annual Meetingof the Entomological Society of America. This research was support with Cooperative Research and Development Agreements 58-3K95-9-714 (1998-2002) and 58-3K95-5-1105 (2005-2009) from Dow AgroSciences. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1472 EP 1481 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600013 PM 19736759 ER PT J AU Mankin, RW Samson, PR Chandler, KJ AF Mankin, R. W. Samson, P. R. Chandler, K. J. TI Acoustic Detection of Melolonthine Larvae in Australian Sugarcane SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antitrogus parvulus; Antitrogus consanguineus; Dermolepida albohirtum; Lepidiota; acoustic detection ID SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING PLANS; WHITE GRUBS; COLEOPTERA; SCARABAEIDAE; SOIL; PATTERNS; TERMITE; INFESTATIONS; WEEVIL; FIELDS AB Decision support systems have been developed for risk analysis and management of root-feeding white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) in Queensland, Australia, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), based partly on manual inspection of soil samples. Acoustic technology was considered as a potential alternative to this laborious procedure. Field surveys were conducted to detect the major pests Dermolepida albohirtum (Waterhouse) near Mackay, and Antitrogus parvulus Britton near Bundaberg. Computer analyses were developed to identify distinctive scrapes and other sounds produced by D. albohirtum and Antitrogus species and to distinguish them from sounds of nondamaging white grubs (Rutelinae, Dynastinae), as well as from extraneous, wind-induced tapping signals. Procedures were considered for incorporating acoustic methods into surveys and sequential sampling plans. Digging up and inspecting sugarcane root systems requires 10-12 min per sample, but acoustic assessments can be obtained in 3-5 min, so labor and time could be reduced by beginning the surveys with acoustic sampling. In a typical survey conducted in a field with low population densities, sampling might terminate quickly after five negative acoustic samples, establishing a desired precision level of 0.25 but avoiding the effort of excavating and inspecting empty samples. With a high population density, sampling might terminate also if signals were detected in five samples, in which case it would be beneficial to excavate the samples and count the white grubs. In intermediate populations, it might be necessary to collect up to 20 samples to achieve desired precision, and acoustic methods could help determine which samples would be best to excavate. C1 [Mankin, R. W.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Samson, P. R.] BSES Ltd, PMB 57, Mackay, Australia. [Chandler, K. J.] BSES Ltd, Bundaberg, Qld, Australia. RP Mankin, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM richard.mankin@ars.usda.gov FU Sugar Research and Development Corporation of Australia; BSES Limited FX Tim Staier and Ben Allen (BSES Limited), and Everett Foreman and Betty Weaver (ARS) provided technical support. Ben Allen participated in the Listener Panel of Table 8 with R.W.M. and K.J.C. R.W.M. and P.R.S., as well as Everett Foreman and Betty Weaver also participated in listener assessments in other signal analyses. Financial support was provided in part by the Sugar Research and Development Corporation of Australia and BSES Limited. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1523 EP 1535 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600019 PM 19736765 ER PT J AU Youssef, NN Oliver, JB Ranger, CM Reding, ME Moyseenko, JJ Klein, MG Pappas, RS AF Youssef, Nadeer N. Oliver, Jason B. Ranger, Christopher M. Reding, Michael E. Moyseenko, James J. Klein, Michael G. Pappas, Robert S. TI Field Evaluation of Essential Oils for Reducing Attraction by the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Popillia japonica; semiochemicals; essential oil; trap ID ZINGIBER-OFFICINALE ROSCOE; PHENETHYL PROPIONATE; DISRUPT RESPONSE; LEAF VOLATILES; BAITED TRAPS; REPELLENTS; CONSTITUENTS; EXTRACTION; MANAGEMENT; HOMOPTERA AB Forty-one plant essential oils were tested under field conditions for the ability to reduce the attraction of adult Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), to attractant-baited or nonbaited traps. Treatments applied to a yellow and green Japanese beetle trap included a nonbaited trap, essential oil alone, a Japanese beetle commercial attractant (phenethyl proprionate:eugenol:geraniol, 3:7:3 by volume) (PEG), and an essential oil plus PEG attractant. Eight of the 41 oils reduced attractiveness of the PEG attractant to the Japanese beetle. When tested singly, wintergreen and peppermint oils were the two most effective essential oils at reducing attractiveness of the PEG attractant by 4.2X and 3.5X, respectively. Anise, bergamont mint, cedarleaf, dalmation sage, tarragon, and wormwood oils also reduced attraction of the Japanese beetle to the PEG attractant. The combination of wintergreen oil with ginger, peppermint, or ginger and citronella oils reduced attractiveness of the PEG attractant by 4.7X to 3.1X. Seventeen of the 41essential oils also reduced attraction to the nonbaited yellow and green traps, resulting in 2.0X to 11.0X reductions in trap counts relative to nonbaited traps. Camphor, coffee, geranium, grapefruit, elemi, and citronella oils increased attractiveness of nonbaited traps by 2.1X to 7.9X when tested singly, but none were more attractive than the PEG attractant. Results from this study identified several plant essential oils that act as semiochemical disruptants against the Japanese beetle. C1 [Youssef, Nadeer N.; Oliver, Jason B.] Tennessee State Univ, Sch Agr & Consumer Sci, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. [Ranger, Christopher M.; Reding, Michael E.; Moyseenko, James J.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Hort Insects Res Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Klein, Michael G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Pappas, Robert S.] Essential Oil Univ, New Albany, IN 47150 USA. RP Youssef, NN (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Sch Agr & Consumer Sci, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, 472 Cadillac Lane, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. EM nyoussef@tnstate.edu FU Tennessee Nursery and Landscape Association; USDA-CSREES Evans-Allen FX We thank Crystal Lemings, Joshua Basham, Caleb West, Heath Overby, Jason Bashairk, Joshua Medley, and Sarnuel Patton (Tennessee State Umversity) for assistance with this project. We thank Donna Fare (USDA-ARS) and Sam Ochieng (Tennessee State University) for providing outside reviews of this manuscript, We thankEssential Oil University for initially providing sever-al essential oils for testing at no cost. We also thank the Tennessee Nursery and Landscape Association for providing a research grant and the USDA-CSREES Evans-Allen Funding for providing partial support of this work. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1551 EP 1558 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600022 PM 19736768 ER PT J AU Blanco, CA Gould, F Vega-Aquino, P Jurat-Fuentes, JL Perera, OP Abel, CA AF Blanco, Carlos A. Gould, Fred Vega-Aquino, Paulina Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis Perera, O. P. Abel, Craig A. TI Response of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strains to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac Incorporated Into Different Insect Artificial Diets SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tobacco budworm; Cry1Ac-susceptibility; insect artificial diet comparison; larval growth ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MIDGUT; COTTON; MISSISSIPPI; TOXICITY; KURSTAKI AB Susceptibility to the Cry1Ac toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis, in tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is usually measured by performing bioassays under laboratory conditions. Accurate comparison of Cry1Ac susceptibility among H. virescens samples conducted in different places is challenged by several important methodological aspects, especially if different insect artificial diets are used to perform bioassays. In this study, we compared Cry1Ac susceptibility of four different-origin H. virescens colonies when challenged with this toxin incorporated into four different insect artificial diets. Our data show that Cry1Ac susceptibility was lower in all the H. virescens colonies for one of the commercial diets (Bio-Serv). Bio-Serv diet was one of the least significantly consumed diets by larvae of the four different colonies, which indicates that insects encountered less Cry1Ac toxin due to lower consumption of diet. Larvae fed Bio-Serv diet also seemed to display slower Cry1Ac toxin activation compared with larvae fed any of the other three diets tested. In contrast, a wheat germ-soybean diet (ARS) was one of the most consumed diets by the four H. virescens colonies. The increased consumption of ARS diet probably led to the high level of Cry1Ac susceptibility observed in all the H. virescens colonies. Our data highlight the importance of using common diets and use a standard tobacco budworm colony when comparing Cry1Ac susceptibility between diverse H. virescens strains or across time. C1 [Blanco, Carlos A.; Perera, O. P.; Abel, Craig A.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Gould, Fred] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Vega-Aquino, Paulina] Univ Autonoma Agr Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25000, Coahuila, Mexico. [Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Blanco, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM carlos.blanco@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1599 EP 1606 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600028 PM 19736774 ER PT J AU Hibbard, BE El Khishen, AA Vaughn, TT AF Hibbard, Bruce E. El Khishen, Ahmed A. Vaughn, Ty T. TI Impact of MON863 Transgenic Roots Is Equivalent on Western Corn Rootworm Larvae for a Wide Range of Maize Phenologies SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; phenology; Cry3Bb1; resistance management ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA LECONTE; TO-PLANT MOVEMENT; INSECT RESISTANCE; BT CROPS; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ESTABLISHMENT; POPULATIONS; SURVIVAL AB The effects of maize, Zea mays L., phenology on establishment, damage, and adult emergence of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, on MON863 transgenic maize expressing the Cry3Bb1 protein and its isoline was evaluated in field trials in 2002 and 2003. As expected, plant damage, western corn rootworm larval recovery, and adult emergence were significantly lower on MON863 than isoline maize. The average weight of larvae and adults recovered from MON863 and isoline maize was generally not significantly different. If western corn rootworm larvae were able to establish on transgenic rootworm-resistant plants, larval growth was relatively normal. Plant damage, the number of western corn rootworm larvae recovered, and adult emergence from MON863 did not significantly differ between egg hatch times from widely varying phenologies in either year of the study. Although the extractable level of Cry3Bb1 decreased significantly from vegetative (V)4 to V9 maize in previous studies, in the current study, the amount of Cry3Bb1 did not vary from V3 to R3 in a way that affected neonate survival by western corn rootworm larvae in the field. C1 [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [El Khishen, Ahmed A.] Agr Res Ctr, Field Crop Res Inst, Maize Res Sect, Giza, Egypt. [El Khishen, Ahmed A.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Vaughn, Ty T.] Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO 63198 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bruce.hibbard@ars.usda.gov FU Monsanto Corporation FX We thank Matt Higdon (USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Unit, Columbia, MO) and Yvonne Schweikert (University of Missouri) for technical assistance. This work was funded, in part, by Monsanto Corporation. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1607 EP 1613 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600029 PM 19736775 ER PT J AU Rondon, SI Hane, DC Brown, CR Vales, MI Dogramaci, M AF Rondon, Silvia I. Hane, Danny C. Brown, Charles R. Vales, M. Isabel Dogramaci, Mahmut TI Resistance of Potato Germplasm to the Potato Tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Columbia Basin; clone; IPM; Phthorimaea operculella; potato ID PHTHORIMAEA-OPERCULELLA ZELLER; MOTH; SOLANUM AB The evaluation of potato germplasm for resistance to potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a valuable component of integrated pest management; however, few attempts have been made to identify natural genetic tuber resistance to tuberworm on potato germplasm. The objective of this study was to screen potato germplasm with potential tuberworm resistance for tuber resistance under field and laboratory conditions. Experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period at the Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Hermiston, OR. Of 125 germplasm that were tested in 2006, q13 were selected for further screening in 2007. These germplasm were: A0008-1TE, A97066LB, NY123, PA00N10-5, PA99N2, PA99N82, Paciencia, Q174-2, Russet Burbank, Rubi, Ranger Russet, Spunta G2, and T88-4 Tuber resistance of potato germplasm was determined based on the number of mines per tuber and the number of live larvae. Tubers of transgenic clone Spunta G2 were resistant to tuberworm damage. All other germplasm tested in this study, including Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, were susceptible to tuberworm in the field and laboratory experiments. Incorporation of host plant resistance to tuber penetration by larvae together with appropriate cultural practices including limiting exposure time of tubers in the field may provide the best management option in the future. C1 [Rondon, Silvia I.; Hane, Danny C.; Dogramaci, Mahmut] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [Rondon, Silvia I.; Hane, Danny C.; Vales, M. Isabel; Dogramaci, Mahmut] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brown, Charles R.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Rondon, SI (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. EM silvia.rondon@oregonstate.edu FU Oregon Potato Commission; Western IPM center FX We thank the Pacific Northwest Tri-State Potato Program and Drs. David Douches and Walter DeJong for providing plant material. We also thank Chiho Kimoto for help during the field experiment. Special thanks to Laurie Leroux for help in evaluating tubers and summarizing the data. We gratefully acknowledge the Oregon Potato Commission and Western IPM center for the financial support. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1649 EP 1653 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600034 PM 19736780 ER PT J AU Chen, MS Liu, XM Wang, HY El-Bouhssini, M AF Chen, Ming-Shun Liu, Xuming Wang, Haiyan El-Bouhssini, Mustapha TI Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Interactions With Barley, Rice, and Wheat Seedlings SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hessian fly; barley; rice; wheat; host plant resistance ID MAYETIOLA DIPTERA; RESISTANCE GENES; GRASSES; PLANT; HOSTS; POPULATIONS; VIRULENCE; FEATURES AB A choice test revealed that Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), adults deposited approximate to 3 times more eggs on wheat (Triticum spp.), seedlings than on barley (Hordeum spp.) or rice, Oryza sativa L., seedlings. On a barley seedling, 49.4% of eggs were deposited on either the abaxial leaf surface or the coleoptile and first leaf sheath (C&FLS), where newly hatched larvae die due to their inability to migrate into the interspace between leaf sheaths. In comparison, only 14% of eggs were deposited on the abaxial leaf surface or C&FLS on a wheat seedling. The average death rate of Hessian fly larvae in seedlings of an apparently susceptible barley line was 60%, compared with only 10% in seedlings of a susceptible wheat cultivar. The development of Hessian fly larvae was also much slower in barley seedlings than in wheat seedlings. It took 12 d for Hessian fly larvae to finish the first and second instars in susceptible barley seedlings, compared with 10 d in susceptible wheat seedlings under the same conditions. These results indicate that barley is not a good host for the Hessian fly. Our results also confirmed that rice is a nonhost for the Hessian fly. The resistance mechanism in rice was different from that in R gene resistant wheat. Hessian fly larvae grew a little and died more slowly in rice seedlings, whereas Hessian fly larvae died quickly without growth in resistant wheat. C1 [Chen, Ming-Shun] USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun; Liu, Xuming] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun; Wang, Haiyan] Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [El-Bouhssini, Mustapha] Int Ctr Agr Res Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria. RP Chen, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. FU USDA-NRI grant [USDA2005-35302[hyphen] 16254] FX We thank Christie Williams (USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN), Marion Harris (North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND), and John Reese (Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS) for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript. This article is contribution 09119-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. This work was supported by a USDA-NRI grant (USDA2005-35302[hyphen] 16254). NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1663 EP 1672 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600036 PM 19736782 ER PT J AU Athanassiou, CG Arthur, FH Opit, GP Throne, JE AF Athanassiou, Christos G. Arthur, Frank H. Opit, George P. Throne, James E. TI Insecticidal Effect of Diatomaceous Earth Against Three Species of Stored-Product Psocids on Maize, Rice, and Wheat SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Liposcelis entomophila; Lepinotus reticulatus; Liposcelis decolor; grains; inert dusts ID LIPOSCELIS-BOSTRYCHOPHILA PSOCOPTERA; ORYZAE L. COLEOPTERA; TRIBOLIUM-CONFUSUM; WATER-VAPOR; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; SITOPHILUS-GRANARIUS; GRAIN PROTECTANTS; POPULATION-GROWTH; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; MOISTURE-CONTENT AB We evaluated the efficacy of three diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations, Dryacide, Protect-It, and Insecto, against three Psocoptera species, Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) (Liposcelididae), Lepinotus reticulatus Enderlein (Trogiidae), and Liposcelis decolor (Pearman), in the laboratory. Bioassays were conducted in three grain commodities, wheat, rice and maize, at 30 degrees C and 75% RH, and the DEs were applied at the recommended dose rates of 1,000, 400, and 500 ppm for Dryacide, Protect-It, and Insecto, respectively. Differences in adult mortality were found among grains and DEs for L. entomophila and L. reticulatus, but these trends were not consistent for all combinations tested. Type of grain and DE did not affect L. decolor mortality significantly. Moreover, mortality increased with increasing exposure time for L. entomophila and L. reticulatus, but there was no effect of exposure time on L. decolor. After 7 d of exposure, mortalities of L. entomophila, L. reticulatus, and L. decolor were 56, 55, and 40%, respectively, and the respective mortality levels after 14 d were 63, 71, and 42%. Progeny production after 30 d was significantly suppressed for all species in the treated grains. However, progeny production was still high in the treated grains and reached 54, 42, and 76 individuals/10 g of grain for L. entomophila, L. reticulatus, and L. decolor, respectively. Progeny production did not vary with commodity. Our results suggest that DEs, when used alone, will not provide effective control of psocids. C1 [Athanassiou, Christos G.] Agr Univ Athens, Lab Agr Zool & Entomol, Athens 11855, Greece. [Athanassiou, Christos G.; Arthur, Frank H.; Opit, George P.; Throne, James E.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Opit, George P.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Athanassiou, CG (reprint author), Agr Univ Athens, Lab Agr Zool & Entomol, 75 Iera Odos, Athens 11855, Greece. EM athanas@aua.gr FU Organisation for Economic Co-operation ami Development (OECD); Trade and Agriculture Directorate; Co-operative Research Programme; Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems FX We thank A. Redmon, N. Kisangani, and J. Duff for technical assistance and M. Nayak, C. Greenwood, and R. Grantham for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This study was partially funded by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation ami Development (OECD), Trade and Agriculture Directorate, Co-operative Research Programme, Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Project: "Insecticidal effect of diatomaceous earth against stored-product psocids." NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1673 EP 1680 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600037 PM 19736783 ER PT J AU Nowaczyk, K Obrepalska-Steplowska, A Gawlak, M Throne, JE Olejarski, P Nawrot, J AF Nowaczyk, K. Obrepalska-Steplowska, A. Gawlak, M. Throne, J. E. Olejarski, P. Nawrot, J. TI Molecular Techniques for Detection of Tribolium confusum Infestations in Stored Products SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tribolium confusum; stored-product pests; detection; real-time PCR ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; WEEVILS; FUNGI; GRAIN; L. AB The confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a stored-product pest that contaminates a wide range of food products, from flour and cereals to spices. The insect reduces food quality and is responsible for large economic losses every year. Although several methods for detection of stored-product pests are common and widely used, they are time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, establishing molecular methods of detection of stored-product pests could provide a useful alternative method. We have undertaken attempts to establish methods of detection of T confusum based on molecular biology techniques of standard and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Total DNA of T confusum and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), used as a negative control, was isolated from insects and used as a template in standard and real-time PCR reactions. Specific primers have been designed on the basis of sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) fragment of rDNA and subunit I of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase of T confusum available in the GenBank database. Standard PCR reactions with primers specific to the ITS fragment proved to be reliable and sensitive. Real-time PCR reactions with primers specific for mitochondrial DNA are considered to serve as a supplemental detection method for quantitative assessment of the infestation level. C1 [Nowaczyk, K.; Obrepalska-Steplowska, A.] Natl Res Inst, Inst Plant Protect, Interdepartmental Lab Mol Biol, PL-60318 Poznan, Poland. [Gawlak, M.; Olejarski, P.; Nawrot, J.] Natl Res Inst, Inst Plant Protect, Dept Entomol, PL-60318 Poznan, Poland. [Throne, J. E.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Nowaczyk, K (reprint author), Natl Res Inst, Inst Plant Protect, Interdepartmental Lab Mol Biol, Wladyslaw Wegorek Str 20, PL-60318 Poznan, Poland. EM k.nowaczyk@ior.poznan.pl FU Polish Ministry of Science and Education [2PO6R 007 30] FX We thank Richard W. Beeman (USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Manhattan, KS) for critical reading of the manuscript. This study was supported by a grant from Polish Ministry of Science and Education no. 2PO6R 007 30. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1691 EP 1695 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 479GL UT WOS:000268647600039 PM 19736785 ER EF