FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Velez, LF Sanitato, M Barry, D Alilio, M Apfel, F Coe, G Garcia, A Kaufman, M Klein, J Kutlesic, V Meadowcroft, L Nilsen, W O'Sullivan, G Peterson, S Raiten, D Vorkoper, S AF Velez, Luis F. Sanitato, Mary Barry, Donna Alilio, Martin Apfel, Franklin Coe, Gloria Garcia, Amparo Kaufman, Michelle Klein, Jonathan Kutlesic, Vesna Meadowcroft, Lisa Nilsen, Wendy O'Sullivan, Gael Peterson, Stefan Raiten, Daniel Vorkoper, Susan TI The Role of Health Systems and Policy in Producing Behavior and Social Change to Enhance Child Survival and Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Examination of the Evidence SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SEVERELY MALNOURISHED CHILDREN; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; REDUCES PERINATAL-MORTALITY; CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS; ESSENTIAL NEWBORN CARE; 1ST 5 YEARS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS AB Evidence-based behavior change interventions addressing health systems must be identified and disseminated to improve child health outcomes. Studies of the efficacy of such interventions were identified from systematic searches of the published literature. Two hundred twenty-nine of the initially identified references were judged to be relevant and were further reviewed for the quality and strength of the evidence. Studies were eligible if an intervention addressed policy or health systems interventions, measured relevant behavioral or health outcomes (e.g., nutrition, childhood immunization, malaria prevention and treatment), used at least a moderate quality research design, and were implemented in low- or middle-income countries. Policy or systems interventions able to produce behavior change reviewed included media (e.g., mass media, social media), community mobilization, educational programs (for caregivers, communities, or providers), social marketing, opinion leadership, economic incentives (for both caregiver and provider), health systems strengthening/policy/legislation, and others. Recommendations for policy, practice, and research are given based on fairly strong data across the areas of health service delivery, health workforce, health financing, governance and leadership, and research. C1 [Velez, Luis F.] DePelchin Childrens Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Sanitato, Mary] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Barry, Donna] Ctr Amer Progress, Washington, DC USA. [Alilio, Martin; Coe, Gloria] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Apfel, Franklin] World Hlth Commun Associates, Axbridge, Somerset, England. [Garcia, Amparo] US Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Kaufman, Michelle] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. [Klein, Jonathan] Amer Acad Pediat, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. [Kutlesic, Vesna; Raiten, Daniel; Vorkoper, Susan] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Meadowcroft, Lisa] AMREF, New York, NY USA. [Nilsen, Wendy] NIH, Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [O'Sullivan, Gael] Abt Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Peterson, Stefan] Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Sanitato, M (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM msanitato@usaid.gov NR 193 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 EI 1087-0415 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2014 VL 19 SU 1 SI SI BP 89 EP 121 DI 10.1080/10810730.2014.939313 PG 33 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA AP4QC UT WOS:000342062000006 PM 25207449 ER PT J AU Kraft, JM Wilkins, KG Morales, GJ Widyono, M Middlestadt, SE AF Kraft, Joan Marie Wilkins, Karin Gwinn Morales, Guiliana J. Widyono, Monique Middlestadt, Susan E. TI An Evidence Review of Gender-Integrated Interventions in Reproductive and Maternal-Child Health SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Review ID INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; CONTRACEPTION; PROJECT; IMPACT; TRIAL; INDIA; MEN; ASSOCIATION; PREGNANCY; ETHIOPIA AB Evidence-based behavior change interventions addressing gender dynamics must be identified and disseminated to improve child health outcomes. Interventions were identified from systematic searches of the published literature and a web-based search (Google and implementer's websites). Studies were eligible if an intervention addressed gender dynamics (i.e., norms, unequal access to resources), measured relevant behavioral outcomes (e.g., family planning, antenatal care, nutrition), used at least a moderate evaluation design, and were implemented in low- or middle-income countries. Of the 23 interventions identified, 22 addressed reproductive and maternal-child health behaviors (e.g., birth spacing, antenatal care, breastfeeding) that improve child health. Eight interventions were accommodating (i.e., acknowledged, but did not seek to change gender dynamics), and 15 were transformative (i.e., sought to change gender dynamics). The majority of evaluations (n=12), including interventions that engaged men and women to modify gender norms, had mixed effects. Evidence was most compelling for empowerment approaches (i.e., participatory action for maternal-child health; increase educational and economic resources, and modify norms to reduce child marriage). Two empowerment approaches had sufficient evidence to warrant scaling-up. Research is needed to assess promising approaches, particularly those that engage men and women to modify gender norms around communication and decision making between spouses. C1 [Kraft, Joan Marie] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Wilkins, Karin Gwinn] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Morales, Guiliana J.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Widyono, Monique] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Middlestadt, Susan E.] Indiana Univ Sch Publ Hlth, Bloomington, IN USA. RP Kraft, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DRH, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F74, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jik4@cdc.gov NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 EI 1087-0415 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2014 VL 19 SU 1 SI SI BP 122 EP 141 DI 10.1080/10810730.2014.918216 PG 20 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA AP4QC UT WOS:000342062000007 PM 25207450 ER PT B AU Perez, R Gaonkar, AG AF Perez, Rufino Gaonkar, Anilkumar G. BE Gaonkar, AG Vasisht, N Khare, AR Sobel, R TI Commercial Applications of Microencapsulation and Controlled Delivery in Food and Beverage Products SO MICROENCAPSULATION IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY: A PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENCAPSULATION C1 [Perez, Rufino] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Gaonkar, Anilkumar G.] Kraft Gen Foods Inc, Res & Nutr, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. RP Perez, R (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-12-404735-8; 978-0-12-404568-2 PY 2014 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-404568-2.00041-8 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BB2JG UT WOS:000341815100043 ER PT B AU Grant, SH AF Grant, Stephen H. BA Grant, SH BF Grant, SH TI Well Read in Poetry, Fair in Knowledge Henry and Emily Form a Team SO COLLECTING SHAKESPEARE: THE STORY OF HENRY AND EMILY FOLGER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grant, Stephen H.] Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. [Grant, Stephen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Grant, SH (reprint author), Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1188-0; 978-1-4214-1187-3 PY 2014 BP 1 EP 26 PG 26 WC Information Science & Library Science; Literary Theory & Criticism SC Information Science & Library Science; Literature GA BB0UA UT WOS:000340720200002 ER PT B AU Grant, SH AF Grant, Stephen H. BA Grant, SH BF Grant, SH TI Collecting Shakespeare The Story of Henry and Emily Folger PROLOGUE SO COLLECTING SHAKESPEARE: THE STORY OF HENRY AND EMILY FOLGER LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Grant, Stephen H.] Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. [Grant, Stephen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Grant, SH (reprint author), Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1188-0; 978-1-4214-1187-3 PY 2014 BP IX EP + PG 15 WC Information Science & Library Science; Literary Theory & Criticism SC Information Science & Library Science; Literature GA BB0UA UT WOS:000340720200001 ER PT B AU Grant, SH AF Grant, Stephen H. BA Grant, SH BF Grant, SH TI Thou Lovest Me, My Name is Will Smitten by Shakespeare SO COLLECTING SHAKESPEARE: THE STORY OF HENRY AND EMILY FOLGER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grant, Stephen H.] Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. [Grant, Stephen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Grant, SH (reprint author), Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1188-0; 978-1-4214-1187-3 PY 2014 BP 27 EP 42 PG 16 WC Information Science & Library Science; Literary Theory & Criticism SC Information Science & Library Science; Literature GA BB0UA UT WOS:000340720200003 ER PT B AU Grant, SH AF Grant, Stephen H. BA Grant, SH BF Grant, SH TI Wise, Circumspect, and Trusted Five Decades at Standard Oil SO COLLECTING SHAKESPEARE: THE STORY OF HENRY AND EMILY FOLGER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grant, Stephen H.] Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. [Grant, Stephen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Grant, SH (reprint author), Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1188-0; 978-1-4214-1187-3 PY 2014 BP 43 EP 64 PG 22 WC Information Science & Library Science; Literary Theory & Criticism SC Information Science & Library Science; Literature GA BB0UA UT WOS:000340720200004 ER PT B AU Grant, SH AF Grant, Stephen H. BA Grant, SH BF Grant, SH TI Leading on to Fortune Henry Invests to Buy the Bard SO COLLECTING SHAKESPEARE: THE STORY OF HENRY AND EMILY FOLGER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grant, Stephen H.] Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. [Grant, Stephen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Grant, SH (reprint author), Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1188-0; 978-1-4214-1187-3 PY 2014 BP 65 EP 74 PG 10 WC Information Science & Library Science; Literary Theory & Criticism SC Information Science & Library Science; Literature GA BB0UA UT WOS:000340720200005 ER PT B AU Grant, SH AF Grant, Stephen H. BA Grant, SH BF Grant, SH TI The Hunt Is Up, the Fields Are Fragrant Building a Collection SO COLLECTING SHAKESPEARE: THE STORY OF HENRY AND EMILY FOLGER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grant, Stephen H.] Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. [Grant, Stephen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Grant, SH (reprint author), Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1188-0; 978-1-4214-1187-3 PY 2014 BP 75 EP 94 PG 20 WC Information Science & Library Science; Literary Theory & Criticism SC Information Science & Library Science; Literature GA BB0UA UT WOS:000340720200006 ER PT B AU Grant, SH AF Grant, Stephen H. BA Grant, SH BF Grant, SH TI Whole Volumes in Folio The Ultimate Prize for Collectors SO COLLECTING SHAKESPEARE: THE STORY OF HENRY AND EMILY FOLGER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grant, Stephen H.] Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. [Grant, Stephen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Grant, SH (reprint author), Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1188-0; 978-1-4214-1187-3 PY 2014 BP 95 EP 107 PG 13 WC Information Science & Library Science; Literary Theory & Criticism SC Information Science & Library Science; Literature GA BB0UA UT WOS:000340720200007 ER PT B AU Grant, SH AF Grant, Stephen H. BA Grant, SH BF Grant, SH TI What News on the Rialto Maneuvers in the Rare Book Market SO COLLECTING SHAKESPEARE: THE STORY OF HENRY AND EMILY FOLGER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grant, Stephen H.] Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. [Grant, Stephen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Grant, SH (reprint author), Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1188-0; 978-1-4214-1187-3 PY 2014 BP 108 EP 138 PG 31 WC Information Science & Library Science; Literary Theory & Criticism SC Information Science & Library Science; Literature GA BB0UA UT WOS:000340720200008 ER PT B AU Grant, SH AF Grant, Stephen H. BA Grant, SH BF Grant, SH TI A Monument to Gentle Verse Designing a Treasure House SO COLLECTING SHAKESPEARE: THE STORY OF HENRY AND EMILY FOLGER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grant, Stephen H.] Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. [Grant, Stephen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Grant, SH (reprint author), Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1188-0; 978-1-4214-1187-3 PY 2014 BP 139 EP 162 PG 24 WC Information Science & Library Science; Literary Theory & Criticism SC Information Science & Library Science; Literature GA BB0UA UT WOS:000340720200009 ER PT B AU Grant, SH AF Grant, Stephen H. BA Grant, SH BF Grant, SH TI Dear, Blessed Plot of Land The Folgers' Gift to America SO COLLECTING SHAKESPEARE: THE STORY OF HENRY AND EMILY FOLGER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Grant, Stephen H.] Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. [Grant, Stephen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Grant, SH (reprint author), Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1188-0; 978-1-4214-1187-3 PY 2014 BP 163 EP 185 PG 23 WC Information Science & Library Science; Literary Theory & Criticism SC Information Science & Library Science; Literature GA BB0UA UT WOS:000340720200010 ER PT B AU Grant, SH AF Grant, Stephen H. BA Grant, SH BF Grant, SH TI Praise in the Eyes of Posterity The Folger after the Folgers EPILOGUE SO COLLECTING SHAKESPEARE: THE STORY OF HENRY AND EMILY FOLGER LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Grant, Stephen H.] Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. [Grant, Stephen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Grant, SH (reprint author), Assoc Diplomat Studies & Training, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 978-1-4214-1188-0; 978-1-4214-1187-3 PY 2014 BP 187 EP 205 PG 19 WC Information Science & Library Science; Literary Theory & Criticism SC Information Science & Library Science; Literature GA BB0UA UT WOS:000340720200011 ER PT B AU Phillips, AL AF Phillips, Ann L. BE Franke, V Guttieri, K Civic, MA TI Mozambique A chance for peace SO UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX MILITARY OPERATIONS: A CASE STUDY APPROACH SE Security and Conflict Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Phillips, Ann L.] George C Marshall Ctr, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Phillips, Ann L.] USAID, Policy Bur, Washington, DC USA. [Phillips, Ann L.] USAID State Working Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Phillips, Ann L.] Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-315-88157-7; 978-0-415-71280-4 J9 SECUR CONFL MANAG PY 2014 BP 68 EP 76 PG 9 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BB1JI UT WOS:000341149600006 ER PT J AU Fieno, J Leclerc-Madlala, S AF Fieno, John Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne TI The promise and limitations of cash transfer programs for HIV prevention SO AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cash transfers; cost-effectiveness; HIV/AIDS; HIV prevention; sub-Saharan Africa ID SOUTH-AFRICA; YOUNG-WOMEN; EDUCATION; HEALTH; RISK; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; ABSTINENCE; INFECTION AB As the search for more effective HIV prevention strategies continues, increased attention is being paid to the potential role of cash transfers in prevention programming in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, studies testing the impact of both conditional and unconditional cash transfers on HIV-related behaviours and outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa have been relatively small-scale and their potential feasibility, costs and benefits at scale, among other things, remain largely unexplored. This article examines elements of a successful cash transfer program from Latin America and discusses challenges inherent in scaling-up such programs. The authors attempt a cost simulation of a cash transfer program for HIV prevention in South Africa comparing its cost and relative effectiveness - in number of HIV infections averted - against other prevention interventions. If a cash transfer program were to be taken to scale, the intervention would not have a substantial effect on decreasing the force of the epidemic in middle-and low-income countries. The integration of cash transfer programs into other sectors and linking them to a broader objective such as girls' educational attainment may be one way of addressing doubts raised by the authors regarding their value for HIV prevention. C1 [Fieno, John] US Agcy Int Dev, Reg HIV AIDS Program, Pretoria, South Africa. [Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Fieno, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Reg HIV AIDS Program, Pretoria, South Africa. EM jfieno@usaid.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1608-5906 EI 1727-9445 J9 AJAR-AFR J AIDS RES JI AJAR-Afr. J. Aids Res. PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 SI SI BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.2989/16085906.2014.943251 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AM9GO UT WOS:000340189200007 PM 25174632 ER PT J AU Dalil, S Newbrander, W Loevinsohn, B Naeem, AJ Griffin, J Salama, P Momand, FM AF Dalil, Suraya Newbrander, William Loevinsohn, Benjamin Naeem, Ahmad Jan Griffin, James Salama, Peter Momand, Faiz Mohammad TI Aid effectiveness in rebuilding the Afghan health system: A reflection SO GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan; aid effectiveness; donors; ownership; donor alignment ID MORTALITY AB The Paris Declaration defined five components of aid effectiveness: ownership, alignment, harmonisation, managing for results and mutual accountability. Afghanistan, which has received a high level of donor aid for health since 2002, has seen significant improvements in health indicators, expanded access to health services and an increased range of services. Do the impressive health outcomes in this fragile state mean that aid has been effectively utilised? The factors that contributed to the success of the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)-donor partnership include as follows: Ownership: a realistic role for the MOPH as the steward of the health sector that was clearly articulated to all stakeholders; Donor alignment: donor coordination and collaboration initiated by the MOPH; Joint decisions: participatory decision-making by the MOPH and donors, such as the major decision to use contracts with nongovernmental organisations for health service delivery; Managing for results: basing programmes on available evidence, supplementing that evidence where possible and performance monitoring of health-sector activities using multiple data sources; Reliable aid flows: the availability of sufficient donor funding for more than 10 years for MOPH priorities, such as the Basic Package of Health Services, and other programmes that boosted system development and capacity building; Human factors: these include a critical mass of individuals with the right experience and expertise being deployed at the right time and able to look beyond agency mandates and priorities to support sector reform and results. These factors, which made aid to Afghanistan effective, can be applied in other countries. C1 [Dalil, Suraya; Naeem, Ahmad Jan] Govt Islamic Republ Afghanistan, Minist Publ Hlth, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Newbrander, William] Management Sci Hlth, Ctr Hlth Serv, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Loevinsohn, Benjamin] World Bank, AFTHE, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Griffin, James] Int Relief & Dev, Arlington, VA USA. [Salama, Peter] UNICEF Representat Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Momand, Faiz Mohammad] US Agcy Int Dev, Kabul, Afghanistan. RP Newbrander, W (reprint author), Management Sci Hlth, Ctr Hlth Serv, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM wnewbrander@msh.org NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1744-1692 EI 1744-1706 J9 GLOB PUBLIC HEALTH JI Glob. Public Health PY 2014 VL 9 SU 1 SI SI BP S124 EP S136 DI 10.1080/17441692.2014.918162 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AN0AJ UT WOS:000340243000009 PM 24922192 ER PT J AU Ikram, MS Powell, CL Bano, RA Quddus, AD Shah, SK Ogden, EL Butt, WR Moideen, MA AF Ikram, Mohammad S. Powell, Clydette L. Bano, Rashida A. Quddus, Arshad D. Shah, Syad K. Ogden, Ellyn L. Butt, Waqar R. Moideen, Mohd Arshil TI Communicable disease control in Afghanistan SO GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; malaria; polio; surveillance; pneumonia AB Among public health challenges in Afghanistan, communicable diseases still predominate because the epidemiologic transition to chronic disease has not yet occurred. Afghanistan's 10-year journey to improve its response to communicable disease is reflected in varying degrees of progress and innovation, all while long-standing conflict and geographic inaccessibility limit outreach and effective service delivery to vulnerable populations. Although Afghanistan is close to achieving polio elimination, other reportable communicable diseases are only slowly achieving their goals and objectives through targeted, sustained programmatic efforts. The introduction of disease early warning systems has allowed for identification and investigation of outbreaks within 48 hours. Tuberculosis case detection has risen over the last 10 years, and treatment success rates have been sustained at World Health Organization targets over the last 5 years at 85%. These successes are in large part due to increased government commitment, Global Fund support, training of community health workers and improved laboratory capabilities. Malaria cases dropped between 2002 and 2010. HIV/AIDS has been kept at low levels except in only certain sub-sectors of the population. In order to build on these achievements, Afghanistan will need a comprehensive strategy for all communicable diseases, with better human and infrastructure development, better multi-sectoral development and international collaboration. C1 [Ikram, Mohammad S.] USAID Afghanistan, Off Social Sect, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Powell, Clydette L.] USAID Washington, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Bano, Rashida A.; Quddus, Arshad D.; Shah, Syad K.; Butt, Waqar R.] World Hlth Org, Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Ogden, Ellyn L.] USAID Washington, Worldwide Polio Eradicat, Washington, DC USA. [Moideen, Mohd Arshil] Malaysian Armed Forces, Hlth Serv Div, Bamiyan, Afghanistan. RP Ikram, MS (reprint author), USAID Afghanistan, Off Social Sect, Kabul, Afghanistan. EM sikram@usaid.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1744-1692 EI 1744-1706 J9 GLOB PUBLIC HEALTH JI Glob. Public Health PY 2014 VL 9 SU 1 SI SI BP S43 EP S57 DI 10.1080/17441692.2013.826708 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AN0AJ UT WOS:000340243000004 PM 24028403 ER PT J AU Rasooly, MH Govindasamy, P Aqil, A Rutstein, S Arnold, F Noormal, B Way, A Brock, S Shadoul, A AF Rasooly, Mohammad Hafiz Govindasamy, Pav Aqil, Anwer Rutstein, Shea Arnold, Fred Noormal, Bashiruddin Way, Ann Brock, Susan Shadoul, Ahmed TI Success in reducing maternal and child mortality in Afghanistan SO GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE maternal mortality; infant; child; mortality; Afghanistan survey ID DETERMINANTS; HEALTH; BIRTH AB After the collapse of the Taliban regime in 2002, Afghanistan adopted a new development path and billions of dollars were invested in rebuilding the country's economy and health systems with the help of donors. These investments have led to substantial improvements in maternal and child health in recent years and ultimately to a decrease in maternal and child mortality. The 2010 Afghanistan Mortality Survey (AMS) provides important new information on the levels and trends in these indicators. The AMS estimated that there are 327 maternal deaths for every 100,000 live births (95% confidence interval = 260-394) and 97 deaths before the age of five years for every 1000 children born. Decreases in these mortality rates are consistent with changes in key determinants of mortality, including an increasing age at marriage, higher contraceptive use, lower fertility, better immunisation coverage, improvements in the percentage of women delivering in health facilities and receiving antenatal and postnatal care, involvement of community health workers and increasing access to the Basic Package of Health Services. Despite the impressive gains in these areas, many challenges remain. Further improvements in health services in Afghanistan will require sustained efforts on the part of both the Government of Afghanistan and international donors. C1 [Rasooly, Mohammad Hafiz; Noormal, Bashiruddin] Afghan Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Res Dept, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Govindasamy, Pav; Rutstein, Shea; Arnold, Fred; Way, Ann] ICF Int, Anglophone Africa & Asia, Calverton, MD USA. [Aqil, Anwer; Brock, Susan] USAID, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Shadoul, Ahmed] WHO, Kabul, Afghanistan. RP Rasooly, MH (reprint author), Afghan Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Res Dept, Kabul, Afghanistan. EM dochafez@yahoo.com NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1744-1692 EI 1744-1706 J9 GLOB PUBLIC HEALTH JI Glob. Public Health PY 2014 VL 9 SU 1 SI SI BP S29 EP S42 DI 10.1080/17441692.2013.827733 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AN0AJ UT WOS:000340243000003 PM 24003828 ER PT J AU Samar, S Aqil, A Vogel, J Wentzel, L Haqmal, S Matsunaga, E Vuolo, E Abaszadeh, N AF Samar, Sima Aqil, Anwer Vogel, Joanna Wentzel, Lora Haqmal, Sharifullah Matsunaga, Etsuko Vuolo, Elena Abaszadeh, Nigina TI Towards gender equality in health in Afghanistan SO GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE gender; equality; health; domestic violence; gender-based violence ID SEEKING BEHAVIOR; WOMENS HEALTH; BANGLADESH; EQUITY; ACCESS; CARE; AGE AB The Afghanistan gender inequality index shows that 70% loss in development is due to the limited participation of women in the workforce, low education and poor women's health outcomes. However, since the fall of the Taliban regime in 2002, gender inequalities in health have improved. This paper will review factors that led to these improvements. The review draws upon information from various sources, including formative and applied research, surveys and existing information systems. The review showed gender differentials in morbidity, mortality and accessing and utilising health services. Health professionals have expressed inadequate medical knowledge and interpersonal skills to address sensitive issues, such as domestic, physical and sexual violence. Discussing sexuality and its impact on health remains taboo both within and outside of the medical profession. Strict cultural norms restrict a woman's autonomy to seek health care, choose a marriage partner and have control over her body, indicating a need to increase awareness about how harmful social practices adversely affect health. The policy review showed that the Ministry of Public Health has made a commitment to reducing gender inequity in health and developed a two-pronged action plan to improve health providers' skills in handling gender-sensitive issues and mass media campaigns to change social norms. C1 [Samar, Sima] Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commiss, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Aqil, Anwer] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Vogel, Joanna] WHO EMRO, Gender Hlth Equity, Cairo, Egypt. [Wentzel, Lora] USAID, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Haqmal, Sharifullah] WHO, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Matsunaga, Etsuko] UNICEF, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Vuolo, Elena] UNDP, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Abaszadeh, Nigina] UNFPA, Kabul, Afghanistan. RP Samar, S (reprint author), Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commiss, Kabul, Afghanistan. EM simasamar@yahoo.com; anwer_aqil@hotmail.com NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 17 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1744-1692 EI 1744-1706 J9 GLOB PUBLIC HEALTH JI Glob. Public Health PY 2014 VL 9 SU 1 SI SI BP S76 EP S92 DI 10.1080/17441692.2014.913072 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AN0AJ UT WOS:000340243000006 PM 25034914 ER PT B AU Sen, A Pickett, J Burns, LR AF Sen, Aditi Pickett, Jessica Burns, Lawton Robert BE Burns, LR TI The Health Insurance Sector in India History and Opportunities SO INDIA'S HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY: INNOVATION IN DELIVERY, FINANCING, AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sen, Aditi] Univ Penn, Wharton Sch, Hlth Care Management Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Sen, Aditi] White House Council Econ Advisers, Washington, DC USA. [Sen, Aditi] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Pickett, Jessica] Ctr Global Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Burns, Lawton Robert] Univ Penn, Hlth Care Management Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Burns, Lawton Robert] Univ Penn, Wharton Sch, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Burns, Lawton Robert] Wharton Ctr Hlth Management & Econ, Washington, DC USA. [Burns, Lawton Robert] Roy & Diana Vagelos Program Life Sci & Management, Washington, DC USA. [Burns, Lawton Robert] Indian Sch Business, Programme Leader Healthcare Management, Mohali, Punjab, India. [Burns, Lawton Robert] Univ Chicago, Grad Sch Business, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Burns, Lawton Robert] Univ Arizona, Coll Business Adm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Burns, Lawton Robert] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Burns, Lawton Robert] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Sen, A (reprint author), Univ Penn, Wharton Sch, Hlth Care Management Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-04437-1; 978-1-107-62234-0 PY 2014 BP 361 EP 399 D2 10.1017/CBO9781107360242 PG 39 WC Business; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA BA9US UT WOS:000339888200011 ER PT B AU Varela, DF Pearson, A AF Varela, David F. Pearson, Annette BE Cisse, H Menon, NRM Segger, MCC Nmehielle, VO TI Institutional Responses to Social Demands Enhancing Access to Justice in Colombia SO WORLD BANK LEGAL REVIEW, VOL 5: FOSTERING DEVELOPMENT THROUGH OPPORTUNITY, INCLUSION, AND EQUITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Varela, David F.] Caribbean Reg World Bank Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Varela, David F.] World Bank, Caribbean Div, Legal Vice Presidency, Washington, DC USA. [Pearson, Annette] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-1-4648-0038-2; 978-1-4648-0037-5 PY 2014 BP 165 EP 188 D2 10.1596/978-1-4648-0037-5 PG 24 WC Law; Planning & Development SC Government & Law; Public Administration GA BA9VJ UT WOS:000339899300011 ER PT B AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI PROLOGUE The essential thematic strand of this book SO CHINA AND THE ASIAN ECONOMIES: INTERACTIVE DYNAMICS, SYNERGY AND SYMBIOTIC GROWTH LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Business Sch Europe ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Woosong Univ, SolBridge Int Sch Business, Inst Asian Business, Taejon, South Korea. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-72353-4; 978-1-315-85765-7; 978-0-415-72352-7 PY 2014 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA BA7JT UT WOS:000337607700002 ER PT B AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI EMERGENCE OF ASIA AND INTEGRATION OF CHINA SO CHINA AND THE ASIAN ECONOMIES: INTERACTIVE DYNAMICS, SYNERGY AND SYMBIOTIC GROWTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RISE; POWER C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Business Sch Europe ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Woosong Univ, SolBridge Int Sch Business, Inst Asian Business, Taejon, South Korea. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-72353-4; 978-1-315-85765-7; 978-0-415-72352-7 PY 2014 BP 6 EP 27 PG 22 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA BA7JT UT WOS:000337607700003 ER PT B AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI CHINA AND THE ASIAN ECONOMIES Interactive dynamics, synergy and symbiotic growth PREFACE SO CHINA AND THE ASIAN ECONOMIES: INTERACTIVE DYNAMICS, SYNERGY AND SYMBIOTIC GROWTH LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID FOREIGN DIRECT-INVESTMENT; EAST-ASIA; MULTILATERALISING REGIONALISM; VERTICAL SPECIALIZATION; PRODUCTION NETWORKS; EXPORT PERFORMANCE; TRADE INTEGRATION; GLOBAL ECONOMY; WORLD-TRADE; FDI C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Business Sch Europe ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Woosong Univ, SolBridge Int Sch Business, Inst Asian Business, Taejon, South Korea. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 579 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-72353-4; 978-1-315-85765-7; 978-0-415-72352-7 PY 2014 BP XIV EP + PG 24 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA BA7JT UT WOS:000337607700001 ER PT B AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI LAUNCHING ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN CHINA Macroeconomic reforms and restructuring SO CHINA AND THE ASIAN ECONOMIES: INTERACTIVE DYNAMICS, SYNERGY AND SYMBIOTIC GROWTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FOREIGN DIRECT-INVESTMENT; WORLD-ECONOMY; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; TRADE; LABOR; PRODUCTIVITY; ACCUMULATION; MARKET; FIRMS C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Business Sch Europe ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Woosong Univ, SolBridge Int Sch Business, Inst Asian Business, Taejon, South Korea. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 151 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-72353-4; 978-1-315-85765-7; 978-0-415-72352-7 PY 2014 BP 28 EP 72 PG 45 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA BA7JT UT WOS:000337607700004 ER PT B AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE CHINESE ECONOMY An ex-post perspective SO CHINA AND THE ASIAN ECONOMIES: INTERACTIVE DYNAMICS, SYNERGY AND SYMBIOTIC GROWTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDIA C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Business Sch Europe ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Woosong Univ, SolBridge Int Sch Business, Inst Asian Business, Taejon, South Korea. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-72353-4; 978-1-315-85765-7; 978-0-415-72352-7 PY 2014 BP 73 EP 99 PG 27 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA BA7JT UT WOS:000337607700005 ER PT B AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI CONTEMPORARY STATE OF THE CHINESE ECONOMY AND ONGOING TRANSITION TO A NEW GROWTH TRAJECTORY SO CHINA AND THE ASIAN ECONOMIES: INTERACTIVE DYNAMICS, SYNERGY AND SYMBIOTIC GROWTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Business Sch Europe ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Woosong Univ, SolBridge Int Sch Business, Inst Asian Business, Taejon, South Korea. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-72353-4; 978-1-315-85765-7; 978-0-415-72352-7 PY 2014 BP 100 EP 129 PG 30 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA BA7JT UT WOS:000337607700006 ER PT B AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI EVOLVING PATTERN OF DE FACTO INTEGRATION BETWEEN ASIA AND CHINA SO CHINA AND THE ASIAN ECONOMIES: INTERACTIVE DYNAMICS, SYNERGY AND SYMBIOTIC GROWTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FOREIGN DIRECT-INVESTMENT; EAST-ASIA; VERTICAL SPECIALIZATION; PRODUCTION NETWORKS; WORLD-TRADE; GROWTH; COUNTRIES; EXPORTS; RISE; FDI C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Business Sch Europe ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Woosong Univ, SolBridge Int Sch Business, Inst Asian Business, Taejon, South Korea. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 136 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-72353-4; 978-1-315-85765-7; 978-0-415-72352-7 PY 2014 BP 130 EP 167 PG 38 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA BA7JT UT WOS:000337607700007 ER PT B AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI FROM MARKET-LED TO INSTITUTION-LED REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN ASIA SO CHINA AND THE ASIAN ECONOMIES: INTERACTIVE DYNAMICS, SYNERGY AND SYMBIOTIC GROWTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EAST-ASIA; TRADE INTEGRATION; COUNTRIES; GROWTH C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Business Sch Europe ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Woosong Univ, SolBridge Int Sch Business, Inst Asian Business, Taejon, South Korea. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-72353-4; 978-1-315-85765-7; 978-0-415-72352-7 PY 2014 BP 168 EP 196 PG 29 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA BA7JT UT WOS:000337607700008 ER PT B AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI MATURING REGIONAL ECONOMIC ARCHITECTURE IN ASIA SO CHINA AND THE ASIAN ECONOMIES: INTERACTIVE DYNAMICS, SYNERGY AND SYMBIOTIC GROWTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GLOBAL FREE-TRADE; EAST-ASIA; MULTILATERALISING REGIONALISM; ASSOCIATION; AGREEMENTS C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Business Sch Europe ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Woosong Univ, SolBridge Int Sch Business, Inst Asian Business, Taejon, South Korea. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-72353-4; 978-1-315-85765-7; 978-0-415-72352-7 PY 2014 BP 197 EP 230 PG 34 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA BA7JT UT WOS:000337607700009 ER PT B AU Maghraoui, D Zerhouni, S AF Maghraoui, Driss Zerhouni, Saloua BE Mecham, Q Hwang, JC TI Searching for Political Normalization: The Party of Justice and Development in Morocco SO ISLAMIST PARTIES AND POLITICAL NORMALIZATION IN THE MUSLIM WORLD LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Maghraoui, Driss] Al Akhawayn Univ, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Ifrane, Morocco. [Zerhouni, Saloua] Mohammed V Univ, Sch Jurid Econ & Social Sci, Rabat, Morocco. [Zerhouni, Saloua] German Inst Int & Secur Affairs SWP, Berlin, Germany. [Zerhouni, Saloua] USAID, European Commiss, Washington, DC USA. RP Maghraoui, D (reprint author), Al Akhawayn Univ, Sch Humanities & Social Sci, Ifrane, Morocco. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4605-6 PY 2014 BP 112 EP 133 PG 22 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BA5NQ UT WOS:000336866700006 ER PT J AU Cassell, MM Holtz, TH Wolfe, MI Hahn, M Prybylski, D AF Cassell, Michael M. Holtz, Timothy H. Wolfe, Mitchell I. Hahn, Michael Prybylski, Dimitri TI 'Getting to zero' in Asia and the Pacific through more strategic use of antiretrovirals for HIV prevention SO SEXUAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE AIDS; at-risk populations; epidemic; pre-exposure prophylaxis; treatment as prevention ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; CONDOM USE; PREEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; NEXT-GENERATION; RISK BEHAVIORS AB Encouraged by experimental trials demonstrating the efficacy of antiretrovirals (ARVs) in preventing HIV infection, countries across the Asia-Pacific region have committed to the achievement of ambitious targets tantamount to ending AIDS. The available data suggest that some countries still can make progress through targeted condom promotion and the expansion of harm-reduction interventions, but that none may realise its vision of 'zero new HIV infections' without more strategic use of ARVs as part of a combination of HIV prevention efforts targeting key populations. Low rates of HIV testing among men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, sex workers and other key populations evidence low treatment coverage where treatment could have the greatest impact on curbing local epidemics. Studies have demonstrated the promise of adding ARV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis to the existing HIV prevention toolkit, but achieving population-level impact will require service-delivery approaches that overcome traditional prevention, care and treatment program distinctions. Priorities include: (1) innovative strategies to reach, test, treat and retain in services the individuals most likely to acquire or transmit HIV; (2) task shifting and enhanced partnerships between the public sector and civil society; (3) improved 'cascade' data systems to assess and promote service uptake and retention; and (4) policy and financing reform to enhance HIV testing and treatment access among key populations. C1 [Cassell, Michael M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Holtz, Timothy H.; Wolfe, Mitchell I.; Prybylski, Dimitri] Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US Ctr Dis Control & Pr, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Holtz, Timothy H.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Wolfe, Mitchell I.; Prybylski, Dimitri] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hahn, Michael] Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Thailand Country Off, Pranakorn Bangkok 10200, Thailand. RP Cassell, MM (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 6th Floor,Tung Shing Sq,2 Ngo Quyen, Hanoi, Vietnam. EM mcassell@usaid.gov NR 102 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-5028 EI 1449-8987 J9 SEX HEALTH JI Sex Health PY 2014 VL 11 IS 2 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1071/SH13116 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA AL3CD UT WOS:000339002000004 PM 24942266 ER PT J AU Berg, LA AF Berg, Louis-Alexandre TI From Weakness to Strength: The Political Roots of Security Sector Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina SO INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING LA English DT Article ID CIVIL-WAR AB The mixed results of efforts to reform the governance of security forces in the aftermath of conflict require deeper examination of the political constraints that shape statebuilding processes. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, attempts to restructure and centralize the security forces led to a substantial though incomplete reform of the military, but limited impact on the police forces. These uneven results are rooted in the nature of political coalitions that constrain recipient leaders and shape their interaction with external actors. While Bosnian leaders mostly relied on a cohesive political base that favoured close links between political parties and the police forces, fragmentation within these parties generated internal threats that enabled reforms to the military. This case demonstrates the limits of external influence without changes to underlying political conditions. C1 [Berg, Louis-Alexandre] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Berg, Louis-Alexandre] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Berg, Louis-Alexandre] US Inst Peace, Washington, DC USA. RP Berg, LA (reprint author), World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1353-3312 EI 1743-906X J9 INT PEACEKEEPING JI Int. Peacekeeping PY 2014 VL 21 IS 2 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1080/13533312.2014.910397 PG 16 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA AJ7XG UT WOS:000337913700002 ER PT B AU Shumake-Guillemot, J Ebi, KL Kabir, I Nguyen, T Malkawi, M AF Shumake-Guillemot, Joy Ebi, Kristie L. Kabir, Iqbal Thuan Nguyen Malkawi, Mazan BE Schipper, ELF Ayers, J Reid, H Huq, S Rahman, A TI Scaling up community-based adaptation to protect health from climate change SO COMMUNITY-BASED ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: SCALING IT UP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Shumake-Guillemot, Joy; Ebi, Kristie L.] World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Ebi, Kristie L.] United Nations Dev Programme, New York, NY USA. [Ebi, Kristie L.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Kabir, Iqbal] Minist Hlth & Family Welf, Climate Change & Hlth Promot Unit, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Malkawi, Mazan] World Hlth Org, Ctr Environm Hlth Activ, Amman, Jordan. RP Shumake-Guillemot, J (reprint author), World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-62370-4; 978-0-203-10506-1; 978-0-415-62369-8 PY 2014 BP 155 EP 171 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA2EB UT WOS:000333345600010 ER PT J AU Acosta, CD Rusovich, V Harries, AD Ahmedov, S van den Boom, M Dara, M AF Acosta, Colleen D. Rusovich, Valiantsin Harries, Anthony D. Ahmedov, Sevim van den Boom, Martin Dara, Masoud TI A new roadmap for childhood tuberculosis SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS C1 [Acosta, Colleen D.; van den Boom, Martin; Dara, Masoud] WHO Reg Off Europe, TB & Multidrugresistant TB Programme, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Rusovich, Valiantsin] WHO Country Off, Minsk, Byelarus. [Harries, Anthony D.] Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. [Harries, Anthony D.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Clin Res, London WC1, England. [Ahmedov, Sevim] USAID, Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Acosta, CD (reprint author), WHO Reg Off Europe, TB & Multidrugresistant TB Programme, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM mdd@euro.who.int FU World Health Organization [001] NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD JAN PY 2014 VL 2 IS 1 BP E15 EP E17 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AH8YK UT WOS:000336423900009 PM 25104625 ER PT B AU Garcia-Zamor, JC AF Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude BA GarciaZamor, JC BF GarciaZamor, JC TI Urban Development in Leipzig After the Reunification SO STRATEGIES FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY: HARMONIZING PLANNING AND EQUITY SE Public Administration Governance and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Brazilian Sch Publ Adm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Int Dev Grp Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] UN, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Garcia-Zamor, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6649-0; 978-1-4419-6648-3 J9 PUBLIC ADM GOV GLOB PY 2014 VL 7 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0 PG 11 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BA1TZ UT WOS:000333098900002 ER PT B AU Garcia-Zamor, JC AF Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude BA GarciaZamor, JC BF GarciaZamor, JC TI Leipzig in the Context of German Municipal Administration SO STRATEGIES FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY: HARMONIZING PLANNING AND EQUITY SE Public Administration Governance and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Brazilian Sch Publ Adm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Int Dev Grp Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] UN, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Garcia-Zamor, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6649-0; 978-1-4419-6648-3 J9 PUBLIC ADM GOV GLOB PY 2014 VL 7 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0 PG 12 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BA1TZ UT WOS:000333098900003 ER PT B AU Garcia-Zamor, JC AF Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude BA GarciaZamor, JC BF GarciaZamor, JC TI Strategies for Urban Development in Leipzig, Germany Harmonizing Planning and Equity Introduction SO STRATEGIES FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY: HARMONIZING PLANNING AND EQUITY SE Public Administration Governance and Globalization LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Brazilian Sch Publ Adm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Int Dev Grp Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] UN, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Garcia-Zamor, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6649-0; 978-1-4419-6648-3 J9 PUBLIC ADM GOV GLOB PY 2014 VL 7 BP XV EP + D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0 PG 12 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BA1TZ UT WOS:000333098900001 ER PT B AU Garcia-Zamor, JC AF Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude BA GarciaZamor, JC BF GarciaZamor, JC TI The Role of Cultural Promotion as an Integral Component of Leipzig's Urban Development SO STRATEGIES FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY: HARMONIZING PLANNING AND EQUITY SE Public Administration Governance and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Brazilian Sch Publ Adm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Int Dev Grp Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] UN, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Garcia-Zamor, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6649-0; 978-1-4419-6648-3 J9 PUBLIC ADM GOV GLOB PY 2014 VL 7 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0 PG 12 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BA1TZ UT WOS:000333098900004 ER PT B AU Garcia-Zamor, JC AF Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude BA GarciaZamor, JC BF GarciaZamor, JC TI The Globalization Aspect of Urban Development SO STRATEGIES FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY: HARMONIZING PLANNING AND EQUITY SE Public Administration Governance and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Brazilian Sch Publ Adm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Int Dev Grp Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] UN, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Garcia-Zamor, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6649-0; 978-1-4419-6648-3 J9 PUBLIC ADM GOV GLOB PY 2014 VL 7 BP 37 EP 57 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0 PG 21 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BA1TZ UT WOS:000333098900005 ER PT B AU Garcia-Zamor, JC AF Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude BA GarciaZamor, JC BF GarciaZamor, JC TI Research in Social Equity in Urban Development in Europe and the United States SO STRATEGIES FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY: HARMONIZING PLANNING AND EQUITY SE Public Administration Governance and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Brazilian Sch Publ Adm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Int Dev Grp Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] UN, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Garcia-Zamor, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6649-0; 978-1-4419-6648-3 J9 PUBLIC ADM GOV GLOB PY 2014 VL 7 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0 PG 10 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BA1TZ UT WOS:000333098900006 ER PT B AU Garcia-Zamor, JC AF Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude BA GarciaZamor, JC BF GarciaZamor, JC TI Planning for a Sustainable Urban Renaissance SO STRATEGIES FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY: HARMONIZING PLANNING AND EQUITY SE Public Administration Governance and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Brazilian Sch Publ Adm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Int Dev Grp Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] UN, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Garcia-Zamor, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6649-0; 978-1-4419-6648-3 J9 PUBLIC ADM GOV GLOB PY 2014 VL 7 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0 PG 12 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BA1TZ UT WOS:000333098900007 ER PT B AU Garcia-Zamor, JC AF Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude BA GarciaZamor, JC BF GarciaZamor, JC TI Extending the Meaning of Social Equity in Leipzig SO STRATEGIES FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY: HARMONIZING PLANNING AND EQUITY SE Public Administration Governance and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Brazilian Sch Publ Adm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Int Dev Grp Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] UN, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Garcia-Zamor, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6649-0; 978-1-4419-6648-3 J9 PUBLIC ADM GOV GLOB PY 2014 VL 7 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0 PG 12 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BA1TZ UT WOS:000333098900008 ER PT B AU Garcia-Zamor, JC AF Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude BA GarciaZamor, JC BF GarciaZamor, JC TI Gentrification in Leipzig SO STRATEGIES FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY: HARMONIZING PLANNING AND EQUITY SE Public Administration Governance and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Brazilian Sch Publ Adm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Int Dev Grp Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] UN, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Garcia-Zamor, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6649-0; 978-1-4419-6648-3 J9 PUBLIC ADM GOV GLOB PY 2014 VL 7 BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0 PG 13 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BA1TZ UT WOS:000333098900009 ER PT B AU Garcia-Zamor, JC AF Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude BA GarciaZamor, JC BF GarciaZamor, JC TI Reconciling Gentrification with Social Equity SO STRATEGIES FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY: HARMONIZING PLANNING AND EQUITY SE Public Administration Governance and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Brazilian Sch Publ Adm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Int Dev Grp Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] UN, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Garcia-Zamor, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6649-0; 978-1-4419-6648-3 J9 PUBLIC ADM GOV GLOB PY 2014 VL 7 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0 PG 7 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BA1TZ UT WOS:000333098900010 ER PT B AU Garcia-Zamor, JC AF Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude BA GarciaZamor, JC BF GarciaZamor, JC TI Summing Up SO STRATEGIES FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY: HARMONIZING PLANNING AND EQUITY SE Public Administration Governance and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Brazilian Sch Publ Adm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Interamer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] Int Dev Grp Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] UN, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Zamor, Jean-Claude] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Garcia-Zamor, JC (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6649-0; 978-1-4419-6648-3 J9 PUBLIC ADM GOV GLOB PY 2014 VL 7 BP 115 EP 116 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6649-0 PG 2 WC Planning & Development; Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BA1TZ UT WOS:000333098900011 ER PT J AU Evens, E Otieno-Masaba, R Eichleay, M McCarraher, D Hainsworth, G Lane, C Makumi, M Onduso, P AF Evens, Emily Otieno-Masaba, Rose Eichleay, Margaret McCarraher, Donna Hainsworth, Gwyn Lane, Cate Makumi, Margaret Onduso, Pamela TI POST- ABORTION CARE SERVICES FOR YOUTH AND ADULT CLIENTS IN KENYA: A COMPARISON OF SERVICES, CLIENT SATISFACTION AND PROVIDER ATTITUDES SO JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Unsafe abortion accounts for 35% of maternal mortality in Kenya. Post-abortion care (PAC) reduces maternal death and provides an opportunity to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Few studies have documented how the receipt of PAC services varies by client age. In this study, descriptive data were collected from clients, providers and eight health facilities in Kenya's Central and Nairobi provinces to examine receipt of PAC services by client age, client satisfaction and provider attitudes. Delivery of PAC treatment, pain management, HIV and STI services and violence screening did not vary by age. However, fewer youth between the ages of 15 and 24 received a contraceptive method compared with adult clients (35% versus 48%; p=0.02). Forty-nine per cent of youth reported not using a family planning method due to fears of infertility, side-effects or lack of knowledge compared with 22% of adults. Additional efforts are needed in Kenya to bolster the family planning services that young PAC clients receive and increase the uptake of contraception. C1 [Evens, Emily; Eichleay, Margaret; McCarraher, Donna] FHI 360 North Carolina, Durham, NC USA. [Otieno-Masaba, Rose] FHI 360 Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Hainsworth, Gwyn] Pathfinder Int, Watertown, MA USA. [Lane, Cate] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Makumi, Margaret; Onduso, Pamela] Pathfinder Int, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Evens, E (reprint author), FHI 360 North Carolina, Durham, NC USA. EM eevens@fhi360.org NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-9320 EI 1469-7599 J9 J BIOSOC SCI JI J. Biosoc. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1017/S0021932013000230 PG 15 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA AC2UP UT WOS:000332372100001 PM 23745828 ER PT J AU Koblinsky, M AF Koblinsky, Marge TI Reducing Maternal and Perinatal Mortality Through a Community Collaborative Approach: Introduction to a Special Issue on the Maternal and Newborn Health in Ethiopia Partnership (MaNHEP) SO JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Koblinsky, Marge] USAID, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Koblinsky, Marge] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Koblinsky, M (reprint author), USAID, MCH Div, 1300 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM mkoblinsky@usaid.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-9523 EI 1542-2011 J9 J MIDWIFERY WOM HEAL JI J. Midwifery Women Health PD JAN PY 2014 VL 59 SU 1 SI SI BP S1 EP S5 DI 10.1111/jmwh.12174 PG 5 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA AB4ZF UT WOS:000331797900001 PM 24588910 ER PT J AU Comfort, AB van Dijk, JH Mharakurwa, S Stillman, K Gabert, R Korde, S Nachbar, N Derriennic, Y Musau, S Hamazakaza, P Zyambo, KD Zyongwe, NM Hamainza, B Thuma, PE AF Comfort, Alison B. van Dijk, Janneke H. Mharakurwa, Sungano Stillman, Kathryn Gabert, Rose Korde, Sonali Nachbar, Nancy Derriennic, Yann Musau, Stephen Hamazakaza, Petan Zyambo, Khozya D. Zyongwe, Nancy M. Hamainza, Busiku Thuma, Philip E. TI Hospitalizations and Costs Incurred at the Facility Level after Scale-up of Malaria Control: Pre-Post Comparisons from Two Hospitals in Zambia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-FEEDING BEHAVIOR; TREATED BED NETS; ANOPHELES-ARABIENSIS; SOUTHERN ZAMBIA; IMPACT; CHLOROQUINE; EXPENDITURE; AFRICA; BURDEN AB There is little evidence on the impact of malaria control on the health system, particularly at the facility level. Using retrospective, longitudinal facility-level and patient record data from two hospitals in Zambia, we report a pre-post comparison of hospital admissions and outpatient visits for malaria and estimated costs incurred for malaria admissions before and after malaria control scale-up. The results show a substantial reduction in inpatient admissions and outpatient visits for malaria at both hospitals after the scale-up, and malaria cases accounted for a smaller proportion of total hospital visits over time. Hospital spending on malaria admissions also decreased. In one hospital, malaria accounted for 11% of total hospital spending before large-scale malaria control compared with < 1% after malaria control. The findings demonstrate that facility-level resources are freed up as malaria is controlled, potentially making these resources available for other diseases and conditions. C1 [Comfort, Alison B.] ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [van Dijk, Janneke H.; Thuma, Philip E.] Macha Res Trust, Dept Clin Res, Choma, Zambia. [Mharakurwa, Sungano] Macha Res Trust, Malaria Res Dept, Johns Hopkins Malaria Res Inst, Choma, Zambia. [Stillman, Kathryn; Nachbar, Nancy; Derriennic, Yann; Musau, Stephen] ABT Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Korde, Sonali] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hamazakaza, Petan] Zambia Agr Res Inst, Farming Syst & Social Sci Div, Kabwe, Zambia. [Zyambo, Khozya D.] Livingstone Gen Hosp, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Livingstone, Zambia. [Zyongwe, Nancy M.] ABT Associates Inc, So Prov Med Off, Zambia Integrated Syst Strengthening Program, Livingstone, Zambia. [Hamainza, Busiku] Natl Malaria Control Ctr, Lusaka, Zambia. [Gabert, Rose] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Comfort, AB (reprint author), ABT Associates Inc, 55 Wheeler St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM alison_comfort@abtassoc.com; janneke.vandijk@miam.org.zm; sungano.mharakurwa@macharesearch.org; kathryn_stillman@abtassoc.com; rgabert@uw.edu; skorde@usaid.gov; nancy_nachbar@abtassoc.com; yann_derriennic@abtassoc.com; stephen_musau@abtassoc.com; hamazakazap@yahoo.com; khozyazyambo@yahoo.com; nancyz@zambiaissp.org; bossbusk@gmail.com; phil.thuma@macharesearch.org FU PMI/USAID; Health Finance and Governance; Health Systems 20/20 project Cooperative [GHS-A-00-06-00010-00]; Health Finance and Governance Project, Cooperative Agreement [AID-OAA-A-12-00080]; USAID FX This study was supported by PMI/USAID through the Health Systems 20/20 project and the Health Finance and Governance project managed by Abt Associates, Inc. Data collection and report writing were supported by the Health Systems 20/20 project Cooperative Agreement # GHS-A-00-06-00010-00 and the Health Finance and Governance Project, Cooperative Agreement # AID-OAA-A-12-00080, funded by USAID. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 BP 20 EP 32 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0019 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 288BO UT WOS:000329587200006 PM 24218409 ER PT J AU Shen, AK O'Grady, MJ McDevitt, RD Pickreign, JD Laudenberger, LK Esber, A Shortridge, EF AF Shen, Angela K. O'Grady, Michael J. McDevitt, Roland D. Pickreign, Jeremy D. Laudenberger, Laura K. Esber, Allahna Shortridge, Emily F. TI How Might Immunization Rates Change if Cost Sharing Is Eliminated? SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; CARE PROVIDERS; COVERAGE; CHILDREN; WOMEN AB Objectives. There is a debate regarding the effect of cost sharing on immunization, particularly as the Affordable Care Act will eliminate cost sharing for recommended vaccines. This study estimates changes in immunization rates and spending associated with extending first-dollar coverage to privately insured children for four childhood vaccines. Methods. We used the 2008 National Immunization Survey and peer-reviewed literature to generate estimates of immunization status for each vaccine by age group and insurance type. We used the Truven Health Analytics 2006 Market Scan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database of line-item medical claims to estimate changes in immunization rates that would result from eliminating cost sharing, and we used the Kaiser Family Foundation/Health Research and Educational Trust Employer Health Benefits Survey to determine the prevalence of coverage for patients with first-dollar coverage, patients who face office visit cost sharing, and patients who face cost sharing for all vaccine cost components. We assumed that once cost sharing is removed, coverage rates in plans that impose cost sharing will rise to the level of plans that do not. Results. We estimate that immunization rates would increase modestly and result in additional direct spending of $26.0 million to insurers/employers. Further, these payers would have an additional $11.0 million in spending associated with eliminating cost sharing for children already receiving immunizations. Conclusions. The effects of eliminating cost sharing for vaccines vary by vaccine. Overall, immunization rates will rise modestly given high insurance coverage for vaccinations, and these increases would be more substantial for those currently facing cost sharing. However, in addition to the removal of cost sharing for immunizations, these findings suggest other strategies to consider to further increase immunization rates. C1 [Shen, Angela K.; Esber, Allahna] US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Shen, Angela K.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [O'Grady, Michael J.; Pickreign, Jeremy D.; Shortridge, Emily F.] Univ Chicago, Natl Opin Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [McDevitt, Roland D.; Laudenberger, Laura K.] Towers Watson, Arlington, VA USA. RP Shen, AK (reprint author), US Dept HHS, 200 Independence Ave SW,Room 717H, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM ashen@usaid.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 129 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 288BL UT WOS:000329586900006 PM 24381358 ER PT J AU Ahmed, BS Phelps, BR Reuben, EB Ferris, RE AF Ahmed, Bilaal S. Phelps, B. Ryan Reuben, Elan B. Ferris, Robert E. TI Does a significant reduction in malaria risk make lopinavir/ritonavir-based ART cost-effective for children with HIV in co-endemic, low-resource settings? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Children; Cost-effectiveness; HIV; Malaria; NNRTI; Protease inhibitor ID PROTEASE INHIBITORS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INFECTED CHILDREN; SOUTH-AFRICA; IN-VITRO; ADULTS; NEVIRAPINE; TRANSMISSION; UGANDA AB HIV infection and malaria co-infection is not uncommon among children in co-endemic regions, and evidence suggests that HIV is a risk factor for severe malaria among children. HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) are highly effective in pediatric HIV treatment regimens, however, their effectiveness against malaria has been mixed, with some PIs demonstrating in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Recent findings suggest lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based treatment regimens reduce the incidence of malaria infection by over 40 in pediatric HIV patients compared to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens. We assessed whether a significant reduction in malaria risk makes LPV/r-based ART regimens cost-effective compared to NNRTI-based regimens in co-endemic, low-resource settings. We modeled the difference in unit cost per disability adjusted life year (DALY) gained among two theoretical groups of HIV children under 5 years old receiving ART in a resource-limited setting co-endemic for malaria. The first group received standard NNRTI-based antiretrovirals, the second group received a standard regimen containing LPV/r. We used recent cohort data for the incidence reduction for malaria. Drug costs were taken from the 2011 Clinton Health Access Initiative Antiretroviral (ARV) ceiling price list. DALYs for HIV and malaria were derived from WHO estimates. Our model suggests a unit cost of US$147 per DALY gained for the LPV/r-based group compared to US$37 per DALY gained for the NNRTI-based group. In HIV and malaria co-endemic settings, considerations of PI cost effectiveness incorporating known reductions in malaria mortality suggest a nominal increase in DALYs gained for PIs over NNRTI-based regimens for HIV positive children under five on ART. Our analysis was based on several assumptions due to lack of sound data on malaria and HIV DALY attribution among pediatric populations. Further study in this area is required. C1 [Ahmed, Bilaal S.; Phelps, B. Ryan; Reuben, Elan B.; Ferris, Robert E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Ahmed, BS (reprint author), 58B Univ Manor East, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM bahmed@hmc.psu.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 EI 1878-3503 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 108 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1093/trstmh/trt108 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 281WR UT WOS:000329132200009 PM 24300443 ER PT J AU Kenny, AL Pickens, JB Orr, B AF Kenny, Amber Lily Pickens, James B. Orr, Blair TI Land Allocation with the Introduction of Teak: A Case Study of Smallholder Farms in Southern Togo SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE land allocation; linear programming; farming systems; cassava; maize; teak AB Subsistence landholders in southern Togo are interested in planting teak on their land for income generation. The purpose of this study was to determine how smallholder farmers could allocate land among maize, cassava, and teak plantings in order to optimize financial returns. A linear programming model was developed to calculate the optimal land allocation for maize, cassava, and teak. The model was solved for five farmer types using 15- and 30-yr teak rotations, with timber priced at alternative market and government market prices, and with discount (real interest) rates of 8, 11, and 15%. The analyses indicate that growing teak is profitable for most smallholders if grown on a 15-yr rotation and sold on the alternative market. For Land Rich-Labor Poor farmers, teak is profitable under all regimes. C1 [Kenny, Amber Lily] USAID, Nairobi, Kenya. [Pickens, James B.; Orr, Blair] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Orr, B (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM bdorr@mtu.edu NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1054-9811 EI 1540-756X J9 J SUSTAIN FOREST JI J. Sustain. For. PY 2014 VL 33 IS 8 BP 776 EP 795 DI 10.1080/10549811.2014.925810 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA V43KG UT WOS:000209679700003 ER PT J AU Garcia, MC Duong, QL Mercer, LE Meyer, SB Ward, PR AF Garcia, Macarena Cecilia Quyen Le Duong Mercer, Licelot Eralte Meyer, Samantha Beth Ward, Paul Russell TI 'Never testing for HIV' among Men who have Sex with Men in Viet Nam: results from an internet-based cross-sectional survey SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Men who have Sex with Men; High risk HIV behaviours; HIV testing; Viet Nam ID INFECTION; RISK AB Background: Men who have sex with men in Viet Nam have been under-studied as a high-risk group for HIV infection, and this population's percentage and determinants of HIV testing have not been comprehensively investigated. Methods: A national Internet-based survey of self-reported sexual and health seeking behaviours was conducted between August and October 2011 with 2077 Vietnamese men who had sex with men in the last twelve months to identify the frequency of 'never testing for HIV' among Internet-using MSM living in Viet Nam, as well as the factors associated with this HIV-related high-rish behavior. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the demographic characteristics and behaviours predicting never testing for HIV. Results: A total of 76.5% of men who have sex with men who were surveyed reported never having been voluntarily tested for HIV. Predictors of never being tested included having a monthly income less than VND 5 Million, being a student, using the Internet less than 15 hour per week, and not participating in a behavioural HIV intervention. Conclusions: Never testing for HIV is common among Internet-using men who have sex with men in Viet Nam. Given the dangerously high prevalence of this high-risk behaviour, our findings underscore the urgent need for segmented and targeted HIV prevention, care and treatment strategies, focusing on drastically reducing the number of men who have sex with men never testing for HIV in Viet Nam. C1 [Garcia, Macarena Cecilia; Meyer, Samantha Beth] Flinders Univ S Australia, Discipline Publ Hlth, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Garcia, Macarena Cecilia] US Agcy Int Dev, Maseru, Lesotho. [Mercer, Licelot Eralte] Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Maseru, Lesotho. RP Garcia, MC (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Discipline Publ Hlth, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM macarena.c.garcia@gmail.com OI Garcia, Macarena/0000-0003-3716-0369; Ward, Paul/0000-0002-5559-9714 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 28 PY 2013 VL 13 AR 1236 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1236 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 284KR UT WOS:000329316400002 PM 24373483 ER PT J AU Paudel, D Shrestha, IB Siebeck, M Rehfuess, EA AF Paudel, Deepak Shrestha, Ishwar B. Siebeck, Matthias Rehfuess, Eva A. TI Neonatal health in Nepal: analysis of absolute and relative inequalities and impact of current efforts to reduce neonatal mortality SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Neonatal mortality; Rate ratio; Rate difference; Policy analysis; Developing country ID NEWBORN SURVIVAL; COMMUNITY; INTERVENTIONS; DISTRICT; DECADE; TRIAL; INFECTIONS; DELIVERY; PROGRAM; DEATHS AB Background: Nepal has made substantial progress in reducing under-five mortality and is on track to achieve Millennium Development Goal 4, but advances in neonatal health are less encouraging. The objectives of this study were to assess relative and absolute inequalities in neonatal mortality over time, and to review experience with major programs to promote neonatal health. Methods: Using four nationally representative surveys conducted in 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011, we calculated neonatal mortality rates for Nepal and for population groups based on child sex, geographical and socio-economic variables using a true cohort log probability approach. Inequalities based on different variables and years were assessed using rate differences (rd) and rate ratios (rr); time trends in neonatal mortality were measured using the annual rate of reduction. Through literature searches and expert consultation, information on Nepalese policies and programs implemented since 1990 and directly or indirectly attempting to reduce neonatal mortality was compiled. Data on timeline, coverage and effectiveness were extracted for major programs. Results: The annual rate of reduction for neonatal mortality between 1996 and 2011 (2.8 percent per annum) greatly lags behind the achievements in under-five and infant mortality, and varies across population groups. For the year 2011, stark absolute and relative inequalities in neonatal mortality exist in relation to wealth status (rd = 21.4, rr = 2.2); these are less pronounced for other measures of socio-economic status, child sex and urban-rural residence, ecological and development region. Among many efforts to promote child and maternal health, three established programs and two pilot programs emerged as particularly relevant to reducing neonatal mortality. While these were designed based on national and international evidence, information about coverage of different population groups and effectiveness is limited. Conclusion: Neonatal mortality varies greatly by socio-demographic variables. This study clearly shows that much remains to be achieved in terms of reducing neonatal mortality across different socio-economic, ethnic and geographical population groups in Nepal. In moving forward it will be important to scale up programs of proven effectiveness, conduct in-depth evaluation of promising new approaches, target unreached and hard-to-reach populations, and maximize use of financial and personnel resources through integration across programs. C1 [Paudel, Deepak; Siebeck, Matthias] Univ Munich, Ctr Int Hlth, Munich, Germany. [Paudel, Deepak] US Agcy Int Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Shrestha, Ishwar B.] Tribhuvan Univ, Inst Med, Dept Community Med & Family Hlth, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Rehfuess, Eva A.] Univ Munich, Inst Med Informat Biometry & Epidemiol, Munich, Germany. RP Paudel, D (reprint author), Univ Munich, Ctr Int Hlth, Munich, Germany. EM paudeld@gmail.com RI Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani /B-6087-2014; OI siebeck, matthias/0000-0001-5290-5344 FU USAID; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) - Germany FX We would like to acknowledge the USAID-funded MEASURE Demographic and Health Survey for providing the Nepal DHS dataset and guiding analysis of DHS data. The opinions expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. DP undertook this analysis as part of his research under the PhD program at the Munich Center for International Health, which is funded by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) - Germany. ER gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Munich Center of Health Sciences. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 28 PY 2013 VL 13 AR 1239 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1239 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 286YV UT WOS:000329506100001 PM 24373558 ER PT J AU Engstrom, H Khin, PT Coll-Seck, A Petersen, RH Asamoa-Baah, A Machel, G Sezibera, R Phumaphi, J Pablos-Mendes, A Muller, U Grijns, L Whitbread, J Dare, L Laxminarayan, R Lange, JE Nordstrom, A AF Engstrom, Hillevi Khin, Pe Thet Coll-Seck, Awa Petersen, Rasmus Helveg Asamoa-Baah, Anarfi Machel, Graca Sezibera, Richard Phumaphi, Joy Pablos-Mendes, Ariel Mueller, Ursula Grijns, Lambert Whitbread, Jasmine Dare, Lola Laxminarayan, Ramanan Lange, John E. Nordstrom, Anders TI Reinvesting in health post-2015 SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Engstrom, Hillevi; Nordstrom, Anders] Minist Foreign Affairs, Dept Multilateral Dev Cooperat, S-10339 Stockholm, Sweden. [Khin, Pe Thet] Minist Hlth, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. [Coll-Seck, Awa] Minist Hlth, Dakar, Senegal. [Petersen, Rasmus Helveg] Minist Foreign Affairs, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Asamoa-Baah, Anarfi] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Machel, Graca] Partnership Maternal Newborn & Child Hlth, Geneva, Switzerland. [Sezibera, Richard] East African Community, Off Secretary Gen, Arusha, Tanzania. [Phumaphi, Joy] African Leaders Malaria Alliance, New York, NY USA. [Pablos-Mendes, Ariel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mueller, Ursula] Fed Minist Econ Cooperat & Dev, Berlin, Germany. [Grijns, Lambert] Minist Foreign Affairs, The Hague, Netherlands. [Whitbread, Jasmine] Save Children Int, London, England. [Dare, Lola] CHESTRAD, Lagos, Nigeria. [Laxminarayan, Ramanan] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India. [Lange, John E.] United Nations Fdn, Washington, DC USA. RP Nordstrom, A (reprint author), Minist Foreign Affairs, Dept Multilateral Dev Cooperat, S-10339 Stockholm, Sweden. EM anders.nordstrom@gov.se NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 7 PY 2013 VL 382 IS 9908 BP 1861 EP 1864 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62560-X PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 269DX UT WOS:000328222400010 PM 24315164 ER PT J AU Jamison, DT Summers, LH Alleyne, G Arrow, KJ Berkley, S Binagwaho, A Bustreo, F Evans, D Feachem, RGA Frenk, J Ghosh, G Goldie, SJ Guo, Y Gupta, S Horton, R Kruk, ME Mahmoud, A Mohohlo, LK Ncube, M Pablos-Mendez, A Reddy, KS Saxenian, H Soucat, A Ulltveit-Moe, KH Yamey, G AF Jamison, Dean T. Summers, Lawrence H. Alleyne, George Arrow, Kenneth J. Berkley, Seth Binagwaho, Agnes Bustreo, Flavia Evans, David Feachem, Richard G. A. Frenk, Julio Ghosh, Gargee Goldie, Sue J. Guo, Yan Gupta, Sanjeev Horton, Richard Kruk, Margaret E. Mahmoud, Adel Mohohlo, Linah K. Ncube, Mthuli Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Reddy, K. Srinath Saxenian, Helen Soucat, Agnes Ulltveit-Moe, Karene H. Yamey, Gavin TI Global health 2035: a world converging within a generation SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; LIFE EXPECTANCY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; 21 REGIONS; CARE; DISEASE C1 [Jamison, Dean T.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Summers, Lawrence H.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Frenk, Julio; Goldie, Sue J.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alleyne, George] Univ W Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. [Arrow, Kenneth J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Econ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Arrow, Kenneth J.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Berkley, Seth] GAVI Alliance, Execut Off, Geneva, Switzerland. [Binagwaho, Agnes] Minist Hlth, Kigali, Rwanda. [Bustreo, Flavia] WHO, Family Womens & Childrens Hlth, Geneva, Switzerland. [Evans, David] WHO, Dept Hlth Syst Financing, Geneva, Switzerland. [Feachem, Richard G. A.; Yamey, Gavin] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Ghosh, Gargee] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Guo, Yan] Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Gupta, Sanjeev] Int Monetary Fund, Fiscal Affairs Dept, Washington, DC 20431 USA. [Horton, Richard] Lancet, London, England. [Kruk, Margaret E.] Columbia Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Mahmoud, Adel] Princeton Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mahmoud, Adel] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mohohlo, Linah K.] Bank Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. [Pablos-Mendez, Ariel] African Dev Bank Grp, Tunis, Tunisia. [Pablos-Mendez, Ariel] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Reddy, K. Srinath] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India. [Saxenian, Helen] Results Dev Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Ulltveit-Moe, Karene H.] Univ Oslo, Dept Econ, Oslo, Norway. RP Yamey, G (reprint author), Global Hlth Grp, Evidence Policy Initiat, 50 Beale St,Suite 1200,Box 1224, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM yameyg@globalhealth.ucsf.edu FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Seattle, WA, USA); NORAD (Oslo, Norway); DCPN project; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation at the Department of Global Health of the University of Washington (Seattle, WA, USA); Harvard Global Health Institute (Cambridge, MA, USA); UK Department for International Development (London, UK) FX The two main funders of the Commission were the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Seattle, WA, USA) and NORAD (Oslo, Norway). Additional funding came from the DCPN project funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and based at the Department of Global Health of the University of Washington (Seattle, WA, USA), the Harvard Global Health Institute (Cambridge, MA, USA), and the UK Department for International Development (London, UK). The funding covered travel, accommodation, and meals for the Commission meetings, as well as development of background papers and research assistant time; additionally, the three members of the writing team (GY, DTJ, and HS) were reimbursed for their writing time from grants. The grants were managed by the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (Washington, DC, USA). GG is the Director of Development Policy and Finance at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and SJG is the Faculty Director of the Harvard Global Health Institute; the contributions of these two commissioners are documented in the contributors statement. Representatives of NORAD were invited to attend commission meetings, and participated in the Oslo meeting, but had no role in the drafting of the report. The DCPN project co-sponsored a meeting with the Commission and the Harvard Global Health Institute about the role of policy measures in reducing the incidence of non-communicable diseases; editors of the third edition of Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (DCP3), a core component of DCPN, provided background working papers that informed the Commission report; and DCP3 editors and authors commented on an early draft of the report. DTJ, co-chair of the Commission, is Principal Investigator and an editor for DCP3. NR 265 TC 284 Z9 286 U1 22 U2 96 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 7 PY 2013 VL 382 IS 9908 BP 1898 EP 1955 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62105-4 PG 58 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 269DX UT WOS:000328222400033 PM 24309475 ER PT J AU Stanton, ME Higgs, ES Koblinsky, M AF Stanton, Mary Ellen Higgs, Elizabeth S. Koblinsky, Marge TI Investigating Financial Incentives for Maternal Health: An Introduction SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Health services research: Maternal health services; Maternal welfare/economics; Pregnancy; Programme evaluation ID CHILD SURVIVAL AB Projection of current trends in maternal and neonatal mortality reduction shows that many countries will fall short of the UN Millennium Development Goal 4 and 5. Underutilization of maternal health services contributes to this poor progress toward reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Moreover, the quality of services continues to lag in many countries, with a negative effect on the health of women and their babies, including deterring women from seeking care. To enhance the use and provision of quality maternal care, countries and donors are increasingly using financial incentives. This paper introduces the JHPN Supplement, in which each paper reviews the evidence of the effectiveness of a specific financial incentive instrument with the aim of improving the use and quality of maternal healthcare and impact. The US Agency for International Development and the US National Institutes of Health convened a US Government Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services through Financial Incentives on 24-25 April 2012 in Washington, DC. The Summit brought together leading global experts in finance, maternal health, and health systems from governments, academia, development organizations, and foundations to assess the evidence on whether financial incentives significantly and substantially increase provision, use and quality of maternal health services, and the contextual factors that impact the effectiveness of these incentives. Evidence review teams evaluated the multidisciplinary evidence of various financial mechanisms, including supply-side incentives (e.g. performance-based financing, user fees, and various insurance mechanisms) and demand-side incentives (e.g. conditional cash transfers, vouchers, user fee exemptions, and subsidies for care-seeking). At the Summit, the teams presented a synthesis of evidence and initial recommendations on practice, policy, and research for discussion. The Summit enabled structured feedback on recommendations which the teams included in their final papers appearing in this Supplement. Papers in this Supplement review the evidence for a specific financial incentive mechanism (e.g. pay for performance, conditional cash transfer) to improve the use and quality of maternal healthcare and makes recommendations for programmes and future research. While data on programmes using financial incentives for improved use and indications of the quality of maternal health services support specific conclusions and recommendations, including those for future research, data linking the use of financial incentives with improved health outcomes are minimal. C1 [Stanton, Mary Ellen; Koblinsky, Marge] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Higgs, Elizabeth S.] NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Stanton, ME (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM mstanton@usaid.gov FU federal government; United States Agency for International Development; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health; John Snow, Inc. FX This work was carried out by US Federal Government Employees and persons supported through contractual mechanisms by the federal government. This is an open-access article under the terms of the Creative Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original authors and source are credited. The views and opinions in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily of the United States Agency for International Development nor the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Among the authors, MES is paid by the United States Agency for International Development. ESH is paid by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and was on assignment with the Bureau for Global Health at the United States Agency for International Development during the planning of the Evidence Summit. MK is currently paid by the United States Agency for International Development through an Intergovernmental Personnel Act Assignment Agreement with Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health and, during the summit planning, was paid by John Snow, Inc. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ICDDR B PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 EI 2072-1315 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 31 IS 4 SU 2 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AR7FZ UT WOS:000343746200001 PM 24992799 ER PT J AU Morgan, L Stanton, ME Higgs, ES Balster, RL Bellows, BW Brandes, N Comfort, AB Eichler, R Glassman, A Hatt, LE Conlon, CM Koblinsky, M AF Morgan, Lindsay Stanton, Mary Ellen Higgs, Elizabeth S. Balster, Robert L. Bellows, Ben W. Brandes, Neal Comfort, Alison B. Eichler, Rena Glassman, Amanda Hatt, Laurel E. Conlon, Claudia M. Koblinsky, Marge TI Financial Incentives and Maternal Health: Where Do We Go from Here? SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Healthcare-seeking behaviour; Health services research; Maternal health services; economics/utilization; Motivation; Newborn health services; Pregnancy; Programme evaluation ID CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM; IMPACT EVALUATION; CARE; INSURANCE; ACCESS; MEXICO; INTERVENTIONS; SERVICES; COVERAGE; INDIA AB Health financing strategies that incorporate financial incentives are being applied in many low- and middle-income countries, and improving maternal and neonatal health is often a central goal. As yet, there have been few reviews of such programmes and their impact on maternal health. The US Government Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision and use of Maternal Health Services through Financial Incentives was convened on 24-25 April 2012 to address this gap. This article, the final in a series assessing the effects of financial incentives-performance-based incentives (PBIs), insurance, user fee exemption programmes, conditional cash transfers, and vouchers-summarizes the evidence and discusses issues of context, programme design and implementation, cost=effectiveness, and sustainability. We suggest key areas to consider when designing and implementing financial incentive programmes for enhancing maternal health and highlight gaps in evidence that could benefit from additional research. Although the methodological rigor of studies varies, the evidence, overall, suggests that financial incentives can enhance demand for and improve the supply of maternal health services. Definitive evidence demonstrating a link between incentives and improved health outcomes is lacking; however, the evidence suggests that financial incentives can increase the quantity and quality of maternal health services and address health systems and financial barriers that prevent women from accessing and providers from delivering quality, lifesaving maternal healthcare. C1 [Morgan, Lindsay] Broad Branch Associates, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Stanton, Mary Ellen; Brandes, Neal; Conlon, Claudia M.; Koblinsky, Marge] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Higgs, Elizabeth S.] NIAID, Div Clin Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Balster, Robert L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. [Bellows, Ben W.] Populat Council, Nairobi, Kenya. [Comfort, Alison B.; Hatt, Laurel E.] ABT Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Glassman, Amanda] Ctr Global Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Morgan, L (reprint author), Broad Branch Associates, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM lindsaymorgan@broadbranch.org FU National Academy of Sciences; Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program through John Snow, Inc.; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program of USAID FX The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), or any of the affiliations of the authors. Among the authors, ESH is paid by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and was on assignment with the Bureau for Global Health at USAID during the planning and execution of the Evidence Summit. RLB is paid by Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, VA, USA. During the planning of the Evidence Summit, he was a Jefferson Science Fellow assigned to the USAID and received supplemental support from the National Academy of Sciences. Currently, he receives part of his salary through an Intergovernmental Personnel Act arrangement with USAID. Lindsay Morgan was funded through the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program of USAID for this work. At the time of the Summit, Marge Koblinsky was funded by the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program through John Snow, Inc.; she is now funded by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health to work with USAID. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU ICDDR B PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 EI 2072-1315 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 31 IS 4 SU 2 BP 8 EP 22 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AR7FZ UT WOS:000343746200002 PM 24992800 ER PT J AU Higgs, ES Stammer, E Roth, R Balster, RL AF Higgs, Elizabeth S. Stammer, Emily Roth, Rebecca Balster, Robert L. TI Evidence Acquisition and Evaluation for Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services through Financial Incentives SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Incentive; Maternal health services; Maternal mortality; Motivation; Perinatal mortality; Prenatal care; Reimbursement ID PROTECTING CHILDREN; FAMILY CARE AB Recognizing the need for evidence to inform US Government and governments of the low- and middle-income countries on efficient, effective maternal health policies, strategies, and programmes, the US Government convened the Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services through Financial Incentives in April 2012 in Washington, DC, USA. This paper summarizes the background and methods for the acquisition and evaluation of the evidence used for achieving the goals of the Summit. The goal of the Summit was to obtain multidisciplinary expert review of literature to inform both US Government and governments of the low- and middle-income countries on evidence-informed practice, policies, and strategies for financial incentives. Several steps were undertaken to define the tasks for the Summit and identify the appropriate evidence for review. The process began by identifying focal questions intended to inform governments of the low- and middle-income countries and the US Government about the efficacy of supply-and demand-side financial incentives for enhanced provision and use of quality maternal health services. Experts were selected representing the research and programme communities, academia, relevant non=governmental organizations, and government agencies and were assembled into Evidence Review Teams. This was followed by a systematic process to gather relevant peer-reviewed literature that would inform the focal questions. Members of the Evidence Review Teams were invited to add relevant papers not identified in the initial literature review to complete the bibliography. The Evidence Review Teams were asked to comply with a specific evaluation framework for recommendations on practice and policy based on both expert opinion and the quality of the data. Details of the search processes and methods used for screening and quality reviews are described. C1 [Higgs, Elizabeth S.] NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Higgs, Elizabeth S.; Roth, Rebecca; Balster, Robert L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Stammer, Emily] Knowledge Management Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Balster, Robert L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. RP Higgs, ES (reprint author), NIAID, Div Clin Res, NIH, DHHS, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ehiggs@niaid.nih.gov FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Bureau for Global Health at USAID; USAID; National Academy of Sciences FX This work was carried out by the United States Federal Government Employees and persons supported through contractual mechanisms by the federal government. This is an open-access article under the terms of the Creative Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original authors and source are credited. Among the authors, ESH is supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and was on assignment with the Bureau for Global Health at USAID during the planning and execution of the Evidence Summit. ES is paid by Knowledge Management Services in Washington, DC. This organization received contractual funding from USAID for their work on the Evidence Summit. RR is currently paid by USAID. During the planning of the Evidence Summit, she was paid by the National Institutes of Health and was on assignment with the Bureau for Global Health at USAID. RLB is paid by Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, VA, USA. During the planning of the Evidence Summit, he was a Jefferson Science Fellow assigned to USAID and received supplemental support from the National Academy of Sciences. He currently receives part of his salary through an Intergovernmental Personnel Act arrangement with USAID. Under the direction of USAID staff, Knowledge Management Services designed the search and screening process, and USAID facilitated the publication of the manuscripts resulting from the Evidence Summit process. No funding bodies had any role in the data analysis or conclusions drawn from the literature reviews. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the Government of the United States. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ICDDR B PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 EI 2072-1315 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 31 IS 4 SU 2 BP 23 EP 35 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AR7FZ UT WOS:000343746200003 PM 24992801 ER PT J AU Glassman, A Duran, D Fleisher, L Singer, D Sturke, R Angeles, G Charles, J Emrey, B Gleason, J Mwebsa, W Saldana, K Yarrow, K Koblinsky, M AF Glassman, Amanda Duran, Denizhan Fleisher, Lisa Singer, Daniel Sturke, Rachel Angeles, Gustavo Charles, Jodi Emrey, Bob Gleason, Joanne Mwebsa, Winnie Saldana, Kelly Yarrow, Kristina Koblinsky, Marge TI Impact of Conditional Cash Transfers on Maternal and Newborn Health SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Conditional cash transfers; Global health; Incentives; Maternal health; Millennium Development Goals; Newborn health; Social protection ID CLUSTER RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; JANANI SURAKSHA YOJANA; TRANSFER PROGRAM; RURAL-AREAS; OPORTUNIDADES; MEXICO; INTERVENTIONS; DELIVERY; CARE; INCENTIVES AB Maternal and newborn health (MNH) is a high priority for global health and is included among the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, the slow decline in maternal and newborn mortality jeopardizes achievements of the targets of MDGs. According to UNICEF, 60 million women give birth outside of health facilities, and family planning needs are satisfied for only 50%. Further, skilled birth attendance and the use of antenatal care are most inequitably distributed in maternal and newborn health interventions in low- and middle-income countries. Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have been shown to increase health service utilization among the poorest but little is written on the effects of such programmes on maternal and newborn health. We carried out a systematic review of studies on CCT that report maternal and newborn health outcomes, including studies from 8 countries. The CCT programmes have increased antenatal visits, skilled attendance at birth, delivery at a health facility, and tetanus toxoid vaccination for mothers and reduced the incidence of low birthweight. The programmes have not had a significant impact on fertility while the impact on maternal and newborn mortality has not been well-documented thus far. Given these positive effects, we make the case for further investment in CCT programmes for maternal and newborn health, noting gaps in knowledge and providing recommendations for better design and evaluation of such programmes. We recommend more rigorous impact evaluations that document impact pathways and take factors, such as cost-effectiveness, into account. C1 [Glassman, Amanda; Duran, Denizhan] Ctr Global Dev, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Fleisher, Lisa; Charles, Jodi; Emrey, Bob; Saldana, Kelly; Yarrow, Kristina; Koblinsky, Marge] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Singer, Daniel] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Rockville, MD USA. [Sturke, Rachel] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Angeles, Gustavo] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Gleason, Joanne] Populat Council, New York, NY USA. [Mwebsa, Winnie] Save The Children, Fairfield, CT USA. RP Glassman, A (reprint author), Ctr Global Dev, 2055 L St NW Fifth Floor, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM aglassman@cgdev.org NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 11 PU ICDDR B PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 EI 2072-1315 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 31 IS 4 SU 2 BP 48 EP 66 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AR7FZ UT WOS:000343746200005 PM 24992803 ER PT J AU Hatt, LE Makinen, M Madhavan, S Conlon, CM AF Hatt, Laurel E. Makinen, Marty Madhavan, Supriya Conlon, Claudia M. TI Effects of User Fee Exemptions on the Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services: A Review of Literature SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE Access; Evaluation; Fees and charges; Healthcare quality; Low-income populations; Maternal health services ID CARE SERVICES; FREE DELIVERY; IMPACT; ABOLITION; AFRICA; ACCESS; GHANA; EXPERIENCE; CAMBODIA; QUALITY AB User fee removal has been put forward as an approach to increasing priority health service utilization, reducing impoverishment, and ultimately reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. However, user fees are a source of facility revenue in many low-income countries, often used for purchasing drugs and supplies and paying incentives to health workers. This paper reviews evidence on the effects of user fee exemptions on maternal health service utilization, service provision, and outcomes, including both supply-side and demand-side effects. We reviewed 19 peer-reviewed research articles addressing user fee exemptions and maternal health services or outcomes published since 1990. Studies were identified through a USAID-commissioned call for evidence, key word search, and screening process. Teams of reviewers assigned criteria-based quality scores to each paper and prepared structured narrative reviews. The grade of the evidence was found to be relatively weak, mainly from short-term, non-controlled studies. The introduction of user fee exemptions appears to have resulted in increased rates of facility-based deliveries and caesarean sections in some contexts. Impacts on maternal and neonatal mortality have not been conclusively demonstrated; exemptions for delivery care may contribute to modest reductions in institutional maternal mortality but the evidence is very weak. User fee exemptions were found to have negative, neutral, or inconclusive effects on availability of inputs, provider motivation, and quality of services. The extent to which user fee revenue lost by facilities is replaced can directly affect service provision and may have unintended consequences for provider motivation. Few studies have looked at the equity effects of fee removal, despite clear evidence that fees disproportionately burden the poor. This review highlights potential and documented benefits (increased use of maternity services) as well as risks (decreased provider motivation and quality) of user fee exemption policies for maternal health services. Governments should link user fee exemption policies with the replacement of lost revenue for facilities as well as broader health system improvements, including facility upgrades, ensured supply of needed inputs, and improved human resources for health. Removing user fees may increase uptake but will not reduce mortality proportionally if the quality of facility-based care is poor. More rigorous evaluations of both demand-and supply-side effects of mature fee exemption programmes are needed. C1 [Hatt, Laurel E.] ABT Associates Inc, Int Hlth Div, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Makinen, Marty] Results Dev Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Madhavan, Supriya] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Conlon, Claudia M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Hatt, LE (reprint author), ABT Associates Inc, Int Hlth Div, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM Laurel_Hatt@abtassoc.com FU US Government Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision; Use of Maternal Health Services; USAID through the Health Finance and Governance Project FX This paper was prepared, in part, based on initial reviews conducted by a panel of experts for the US Government Evidence Summit on Enhancing Provision and Use of Maternal Health Services through Financial Incentives. In addition to the authors, these readers included Isabella Danel of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Karen Fogg of USAID, Ana Langer of the Harvard School of Public Health, Craig Lissner of the World Health Organization, and Ubaidur Rob of the Population Council. Sharon Nakhimovsky of Abt Associates contributed to an earlier version of this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the guidance and critical feedback provided by Marjorie Koblinsky at USAID. Preparation of this manuscript was funded by USAID through the Health Finance and Governance Project. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 9 PU ICDDR B PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 EI 2072-1315 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 31 IS 4 SU 2 BP 67 EP 80 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AR7FZ UT WOS:000343746200006 PM 24992804 ER PT J AU Bellows, BW Conlon, CM Higgs, ES Townsend, JW Nahed, MG Cavanaugh, K Grainger, CG Okal, J Gorter, AC AF Bellows, Ben W. Conlon, Claudia M. Higgs, Elizabeth S. Townsend, John W. Nahed, Matta G. Cavanaugh, Karen Grainger, Corinne G. Okal, Jerry Gorter, Anna C. TI A Taxonomy and Results from a Comprehensive Review of 28 Maternal Health Voucher Programmes SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE Demand-side financing; Maternal healthcare; Results-based financing; Vouchers ID MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS; FACILITY-BASED DELIVERIES; PAY-FOR-PERFORMANCE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SERVICE UTILIZATION; KENYA; EQUITY; CARE; DEMAND; IMPACT AB It is increasingly clear that Millennium Development Goal 4 and 5 will not be achieved in many low- and middle-income countries with the weakest gains among the poor. Recognizing that there are large inequalities in reproductive health outcomes, the post-2015 agenda on universal health coverage will likely generate strategies that target resources where maternal and newborn deaths are the highest. In 2012, the United States Agency for International Development convened an Evidence Summit to review the knowledge and gaps on the utilization of financial incentives to enhance the quality and uptake of maternal healthcare. The goal was to provide donors and governments of the low-and middle-income countries with evidence-informed recommendations on practice, policy, and strategies regarding the use of financial incentives, including vouchers, to enhance the demand and supply of maternal health services. The findings in this paper are intended to guide governments interested in maternal health voucher programmes with recommendations for sustainable implementation and impact. The Evidence Summit undertook a systematic review of five financing strategies. This paper presents the methods and findings for vouchers, building on a taxonomy to catalogue knowledge about voucher programme design and functionality. More than 120 characteristics under five major categories were identified: programme principles (objectives and financing); governance and management; benefits package and beneficiary targeting; providers (contracting and service pricing); and implementation arrangements (marketing, claims processing, and monitoring and evaluation). Among the 28 identified maternal health voucher programmes, common characteristics included: a stated objective to increase the use of services among the means-tested poor; contracted-out programme management; contracting either exclusively private facilities or a mix of public and private providers; prioritizing community-based distribution of vouchers; and tracking individual claims for performance purposes. Maternal voucher programmes differed on whether contracted providers were given training on clinical or administrative issues; whether some form of service verification was undertaken at facility or community-level; and the relative size of programme management costs in the overall programme budget. Evidence suggests voucher programmes can serve populations with national-level impact. Reaching scale depends on whether the voucher programme can: (i) keep management costs low, (ii) induce a large demand-side response among the bottom two quintiles, and (iii) achieve a quality of care that translates a greater number of facility-based deliveries into a reduction in maternal morbidity and mortality. C1 [Bellows, Ben W.; Townsend, John W.; Okal, Jerry] Populat Council, Nairobi, Kenya. [Conlon, Claudia M.; Nahed, Matta G.; Cavanaugh, Karen] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Higgs, Elizabeth S.] NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Grainger, Corinne G.] Opt Consultancy Serv Ltd, London, England. [Gorter, Anna C.] Inst Ctr Americano Salud, Managua, Nicaragua. RP Bellows, BW (reprint author), Populat Council, POB 17643-00500, Nairobi, Kenya. EM bbellows@popcouncil.org NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ICDDR B PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 EI 2072-1315 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 31 IS 4 SU 2 BP 106 EP 128 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AR7FZ UT WOS:000343746200008 PM 24992806 ER PT J AU Brady, M Manning, J AF Brady, Martha Manning, Judy TI Lessons from reproductive health to inform multipurpose prevention technologies: Don't reinvent the wheel SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Contraceptives; Reproductive health; HIV prevention; Regulatory process; Multipurpose prevention technologies ID MICROBICIDE ACCEPTABILITY AB This paper presents the public health rationale for multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) based on regional trends in demographic and SRH indicators. It then distils important lessons gleaned from the introduction of contraceptive and reproductive health products over the past several decades in order to inform the development and future introduction of MPTs for SRH. Principal results: A comparison of current demographic and public health regional data clearly revealed that the greatest confluence of women's SRH concerns occurs in sub-Saharan Africa and South/West Asia. These regional overlaps of SRH risks and outcomes present a strong rationale for developing MPTs designed to simultaneously protect against unintended pregnancy, HIV and other STIs. Information from acceptability, marketing, and operations research on the female condom, emergency contraception, pills and intravaginal rings identified key product characteristics and socio-behavioral issues to be considered in the development and introduction of MPTs. Product characteristics such as formulation, duration of action, presence and magnitude of side effects, prescription status (over-the-counter vs. prescribed), provider type and training and user perspectives, all contributed in varying degrees to both provider and user bias, and subsequent uptake of these family planning methods. Underlying socio-behavioral issues, including risk perception, ambivalence, and social costs also contributed to demand and use. Early identification of target populations will be critical to market shaping, demand creation and defining appropriate service delivery channels for MPTs. Ultimately, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices of users (and their partners) will drive the success-or failure-of product introduction. Conclusions: MPTs provide a compelling response to the multiple and reinforcing SRH risks faced by women in key regions of the world, but specific product characteristics and their socio-behavioral correlates must be taken into account early in the development process. Successful introduction of new MPTs will require solid understanding of socio-behavioral correlates, effective demand generation, appropriate integration into health service delivery systems, quality counseling for proper use and active engagement of both public and private sectors. This article is based on a presentation at the "Product Development Workshop 2013: HIV and Multipurpose Prevention Technologies," held in Arlington, Virginia on February 21-22, 2013. It forms part of a special supplement to Antiviral Research. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brady, Martha] Populat Council, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Manning, Judy] USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Brady, M (reprint author), Populat Council, 1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza,9th Floor, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM mbrady@popcouncil.org; jmanning@usaid.gov FU USAID [AID-OAA-A-10-00072] FX This paper was prepared initially as a background presentation for the Product Development Workshop hosted by CONRAD in February 2012, and supported through USAID Grant #AID-OAA-A-10-00072. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Population Council or USAID. The authors would like to thank Virginia Kallianes for her assistance in formatting and reference research. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 EI 1872-9096 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 100 SU 1 BP S25 EP S31 DI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.019 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 278XM UT WOS:000328923200005 PM 24188700 ER PT J AU Romano, J Manning, J Hemmerling, A McGrory, E Holt, BY AF Romano, Joe Manning, Judy Hemmerling, Anke McGrory, Elizabeth Holt, Bethany Young TI Prioritizing multipurpose prevention technology development and investments using a target product profile SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Multipurpose prevention technologies; Contraception; HIV prevention; STI prevention ID HIV PREVENTION; VAGINAL RING; INTRAVAGINAL RINGS; AFRICAN WOMEN; MICROBICIDE; INFECTION; DELIVERY; RISK; TRANSMISSION; PROPHYLAXIS AB Multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) represent a powerful opportunity to address the unmet sexual and reproductive health needs of women in at-risk populations around the world in an efficient and cost-effective manner. The development of MPT products for the combination prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (including HIV) is a high-risk/high-gain, expensive process. The associated challenges are compounded by limitations in available resources for the development, evaluation, and delivery of such products. Consequently, an objective process for identifying MPT products with the highest public health impact potential is necessary to serve as the basis of coordinated investment of supporting agencies in the development of such products. Moreover, this process would serve as a framework for product development organizations, guiding their product development strategies. The Scientific Agenda Working Group of the Initiative for Multipurpose Prevention Technologies conducted an MPT pipeline evaluation exercise for the purpose of defining specific MPT product priorities, and to identify MPT technology gaps which need to be addressed in order to achieve development of optimal products. Through a formal and objective process, a set of MPT priority product recommendations emerged, along with several priority MPT gaps. Further, specific MPT development process priorities were identified. The detailed process and summary findings of this exercise are presented here. This article is based on a presentation at the "Product Development Workshop 2013: HIV and Multipurpose Prevention Technologies," held in Arlington, Virginia on February 21-22, 2013. It forms part of a special supplement to Antiviral Research. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Romano, Joe] NWJ Grp LLC, Wayne, PA 19087 USA. [Manning, Judy] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hemmerling, Anke] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Romano, J (reprint author), NWJ Grp LLC, 101 Oakford Circle, Wayne, PA 19087 USA. EM jromano.nwjgroup@gmail.com FU PATH; United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [AID-OAA-A-11-00051]; National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS; Mary Wohlford Foundation FX Support for this work was provided by PATH with the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of the Health Tech V Cooperative Agreement #AID-OAA-A-11-00051. Support was also provided by the National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS, and by the Mary Wohlford Foundation. The contents of this manuscript are the responsibility of CAMI, IMPT, and the Public Health Institute, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, NIH or the United States Government. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 EI 1872-9096 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 100 SU 1 BP S32 EP S38 DI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.016 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 278XM UT WOS:000328923200006 PM 24188707 ER PT J AU Paxton, LA AF Paxton, Lynn A. TI Tenofovir-based HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis SO FUTURE VIROLOGY LA English DT Review DE emtricitabine; HIV; HIV prevention; PrEP; tenofovir ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG EXPOSURE; TRANSCRIPTASE MUTATION K65R; FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; HUMANIZED BLT MICE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; ORAL PREEXPOSURE; RHESUS MACAQUES; PRECLINICAL INTERVENTIONS AB HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or TDF-emtricitabine (FTC) has been shown to be effective against sexual and injection-drug related HIV acquisition in four out of six large clinical trials. This article reviews the pharmacology of TDF and FTC as it relates both to PrEP efficacy and the emergence of viral resistance, summarizes the six trials and the inherent challenges to PrEP they highlighted, and proposes some future areas for further exploration. C1 [Paxton, Lynn A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Paxton, Lynn A.] USAID, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Paxton, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM paxtonl@tz.cdc.gov NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0794 EI 1746-0808 J9 FUTURE VIROL JI Future Virol. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1207 EP 1218 DI 10.2217/fvl.13.111 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 258PE UT WOS:000327470400011 ER PT J AU Graham, TW Turk, J McDermott, J Brown, C AF Graham, Thomas W. Turk, Joyce McDermott, John Brown, Corrie TI Preparing veterinarians for work in resource-poor settings SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; FOOD; HEALTH C1 [Graham, Thomas W.; Brown, Corrie] Veterinarians Borders, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Turk, Joyce] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [McDermott, John] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Consultat Grp Int Agr Res, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Brown, Corrie] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Graham, TW (reprint author), Veterinarians Borders, 1124 Pistachio Ct, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM tgraham@dcn.org NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 EI 1943-569X J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 2013 VL 243 IS 11 BP 1523 EP 1528 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 259XY UT WOS:000327560800007 PM 24261798 ER PT J AU Reithinger, R Ngondi, JM Graves, PM Hwang, J Getachew, A Jima, D AF Reithinger, R. Ngondi, J. M. Graves, P. M. Hwang, J. Getachew, A. Jima, D. CA Ethiopia Malaria Indicator Survey TI Risk factors for anemia in children under 6 years of age in Ethiopia: analysis of the data from the cross-sectional Malaria Indicator Survey, 2007 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Anemia; Risk factors; Malaria; Ethiopia ID OROMIA REGIONAL STATE; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; HOUSEHOLD; COVERAGE; GHANA AB Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity in Ethiopia. However, its transmission varies in both space and time, and large areas of the country are hypoendemic and epidemic-prone. The Ethiopia National Malaria Indicator Survey 2007 is a cross-sectional, nationally-representative household survey. The objective of the analyses presented here were to use the surveys data to identify factors associated with anemia presence in children under 6 years of age (U6); specifically, investigate the association between malaria and anemia; and discuss using anemia as a malaria proxy biomarker in the Ethiopian hypo-endemic transmission setting. The survey sampled 4185 households in 347 enumeration areas 2500 m above sea level. Primary outcome was increasing anemia severity in sampled children: no anemia (Hb: 11g/dl); mild anemia (Hb: 8g/dl and 11g/dl); and moderatesevere anemia (Hb: 8g/dl). Secondary outcomes were positive malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) or blood slide microscopy. The analysis included 6054 (92.0) children U6 in 3962 households. The proportion of children with no anemia, mild anemia, and moderate-severe anemia was 63.6, 31.3, and 5.1, respectively. The overall prevalence of anemia (Hb 11g/dl) was 36.4 (95 CI 34.438.4). Factors independently associated with reduced relative odds of anemia categories were age (OR0.7, 95 CI 0.70.7) and female sex (OR0.9, 95 CI 0.81.0); malaria RDT positivity was associated with increased relative odds of a more severe anemia category (OR5.8, 95 CI 3.79.2). We conclude that at altitudes 2500 m malaria appears to be a significant risk factor for anemia; potentially anemia could be used as a useful proxy biomarker for malaria and its control in Ethiopia. C1 [Reithinger, R.] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, R.] RTI Int, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Ngondi, J. M.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England. [Ngondi, J. M.] RTI Int, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Ngondi, J. M.; Graves, P. M.] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Graves, P. M.] James Cook Univ, Sch Publ Hlth Trop Med & Rehabil Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Hwang, J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hwang, J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Getachew, A.] PATH, Malaria Control & Evaluat Partnership Africa MACE, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Jima, D.] Fed Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Reithinger, R (reprint author), RTI Int, Int Dev Grp, Global Hlth Div, Suite 750,701 13th St NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM rreithinger@yahoo.co.uk RI Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 FU U.S. Agency for International Development, the Government of Ethiopia Federal Ministry of Health FX The MIS was supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Government of Ethiopia Federal Ministry of Health, as well as in-kind contributions from participating organizations. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 EI 1878-3503 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2013 VL 107 IS 12 BP 769 EP 776 DI 10.1093/trstmh/trt096 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 258LS UT WOS:000327461400004 PM 24218415 ER PT J AU Laurens, MB Thera, MA Coulibaly, D Ouattara, A Kone, AK Guindo, AB Traore, K Traore, I Kouriba, B Diallo, DA Diarra, I Daou, M Dolo, A Tolo, Y Sissoko, MS Niangaly, A Sissoko, M Takala-Harrison, S Lyke, KE Wu, YK Blackwelder, WC Godeaux, O Vekemans, J Dubois, MC Ballou, WR Cohen, J Dube, T Soisson, L Diggs, CL House, B Bennett, JW Lanar, DE Dutta, S Heppner, DG Plowe, CV Doumbo, OK AF Laurens, Matthew B. Thera, Mahamadou A. Coulibaly, Drissa Ouattara, Amed Kone, Abdoulaye K. Guindo, Ando B. Traore, Karim Traore, Idrissa Kouriba, Bourema Diallo, Dapa A. Diarra, Issa Daou, Modibo Dolo, Amagana Tolo, Youssouf Sissoko, Mahamadou S. Niangaly, Amadou Sissoko, Mady Takala-Harrison, Shannon Lyke, Kirsten E. Wu, Yukun Blackwelder, William C. Godeaux, Olivier Vekemans, Johan Dubois, Marie-Claude Ballou, W. Ripley Cohen, Joe Dube, Tina Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter L. House, Brent Bennett, Jason W. Lanar, David E. Dutta, Sheetij Heppner, D. Gray Plowe, Christopher V. Doumbo, Ogobara K. TI Extended Safety, Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Blood-Stage Malaria Vaccine in Malian Children: 24-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized, Double-Blinded Phase 2 Trial SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; ALLELE-SPECIFIC EFFICACY; INSTITUTE-OF-RESEARCH; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CANDIDATE; AMA1; POLYMORPHISM; BANDIAGARA; INFANTS; ADULTS AB Background: The FMP2.1/AS02(A) candidate malaria vaccine was tested in a Phase 2 study in Mali. Based on results from the first eight months of follow-up, the vaccine appeared well-tolerated and immunogenic. It had no significant efficacy based on the primary endpoint, clinical malaria, but marginal efficacy against clinical malaria in secondary analyses, and high allele-specific efficacy. Extended follow-up was conducted to evaluate extended safety, immunogenicity and efficacy. Methods: A randomized, double-blinded trial of safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of the candidate Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) vaccine FMP2.1/AS02(A) was conducted in Bandiagara, Mali. Children aged 1-6 years were randomized in a 1: 1 ratio to receive FMP2.1/AS02(A) or control rabies vaccine on days 0, 30 and 60. Using active and passive surveillance, clinical malaria and adverse events as well as antibodies against P. falciparum AMA1 were monitored for 24 months after the first vaccination, spanning two malaria seasons. Findings: 400 children were enrolled. Serious adverse events occurred in nine participants in the FMP2.1/AS02(A) group and three in the control group; none was considered related to study vaccination. After two years, anti-AMA1 immune responses remained significantly higher in the FMP2.1/AS02(A) group than in the control group. For the entire 24-month follow-up period, vaccine efficacy was 7.6% (p = 0.51) against first clinical malaria episodes and 9.9% (p = 0.19) against all malaria episodes. For the final 16-month follow-up period, vaccine efficacy was 0.9% (p = 0.98) against all malaria episodes. Allele-specific efficacy seen in the first malaria season did not extend into the second season of follow-up. Interpretation: Allele-specific vaccine efficacy was not sustained in the second malaria season, despite continued high levels of anti-AMA1 antibodies. This study presents an opportunity to evaluate correlates of partial protection against clinical malaria that waned during the second malaria season. C1 [Laurens, Matthew B.; Ouattara, Amed; Takala-Harrison, Shannon; Lyke, Kirsten E.; Wu, Yukun; Blackwelder, William C.; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Malaria Grp, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Thera, Mahamadou A.; Coulibaly, Drissa; Ouattara, Amed; Kone, Abdoulaye K.; Guindo, Ando B.; Traore, Karim; Traore, Idrissa; Kouriba, Bourema; Diallo, Dapa A.; Diarra, Issa; Daou, Modibo; Dolo, Amagana; Tolo, Youssouf; Sissoko, Mahamadou S.; Niangaly, Amadou; Sissoko, Mady; Doumbo, Ogobara K.] Univ Sci Tech & Technol, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Godeaux, Olivier; Vekemans, Johan; Dubois, Marie-Claude; Ballou, W. Ripley; Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Rixensart, Belgium. [Dube, Tina] EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [House, Brent; Bennett, Jason W.; Lanar, David E.; Dutta, Sheetij; Heppner, D. Gray] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Plowe, CV (reprint author), Univ Maryland Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Malaria Grp, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM cplowe@medicine.umaryland.edu RI Laurens, Matthew/E-7293-2013 OI Laurens, Matthew/0000-0003-3874-581X NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 18 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 AR e79323 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079323 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 256KH UT WOS:000327308500043 PM 24260195 ER PT J AU Leclerc-Madlala, SM AF Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne M. TI Transactional sex, HIV & young African women: are we there yet? SO FUTURE VIROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Africa; culture; HIV/AIDS; transactional sex; young women ID AGE-DISPARATE; AIDS; MOZAMBIQUE; EPIDEMIC; ZIMBABWE; MALAWI; NEED C1 USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Leclerc-Madlala, SM (reprint author), USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM sleclerc-madlala@usaid.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0794 EI 1746-0808 J9 FUTURE VIROL JI Future Virol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1041 EP 1043 DI 10.2217/fvl.13.90 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA AF7RP UT WOS:000334912500002 ER PT J AU Ahmed, S Kim, MH Sugandhi, N Phelps, BR Sabelli, R Diallo, MO Young, P Duncan, D Kellerman, SE AF Ahmed, Saeed Kim, Maria H. Sugandhi, Nandita Phelps, B. Ryan Sabelli, Rachael Diallo, Mamadou O. Young, Paul Duncan, Dana Kellerman, Scott E. CA Interagcy Task Team Prevention & T TI Beyond early infant diagnosis: case finding strategies for identification of HIV-infected infants and children SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE case finding; HIV testing; pediatric HIV; PITC ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; COMMUNITY-HEALTH WORKERS; CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; THAN 18 MONTHS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PEDIATRIC HIV; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; WESTERN KENYA; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION CLINICS AB There are 3.4 million children infected with HIV worldwide, with up to 2.6 million eligible for treatment under current guidelines. However, roughly 70% of infected children are not receiving live-saving HIV care and treatment. Strengthening case finding through improved diagnosis strategies, and actively linking identified HIV-infected children to care and treatment is essential to ensuring that these children benefit from the care and treatment available to them. Without attention or advocacy, the majority of these children will remain undiagnosed and die from complications of HIV. In this article, we summarize the challenges of identifying HIV-infected infants and children, review currently available evidence and guidance, describe promising new strategies for case finding, and make recommendations for future research and interventions to improve identification of HIV-infected infants and children. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Ahmed, Saeed; Kim, Maria H.; Sabelli, Rachael] Baylor Coll Med, Clin Ctr Excellence, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Sugandhi, Nandita] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, New York, NY USA. [Phelps, B. Ryan] United States Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Diallo, Mamadou O.; Young, Paul; Duncan, Dana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kellerman, Scott E.] Management Sci Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Ahmed, S (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med Childrens Fdn Malawi, Tingathe Outreach Program, Private Bag B-397,100 Mzimba Rd,Kamuzu Cent Hosp, Lilongwe 3, Malawi. EM saeeda@bcm.edu FU UNICEF; Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the World Health Organization or the U.S. government including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry and the United States Agency for International Development. The authors acknowledge the support of UNICEF and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) whose financial assistance made this series possible and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief for support of contributing staff time. NR 106 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 SU 2 BP S235 EP S245 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000099 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 266CY UT WOS:000328001200012 PM 24361633 ER PT J AU Amzel, A Toska, E Lovich, R Widyono, M Patel, T Foti, C Dziuban, EJ Phelps, BR Sugandhi, N Mark, D Altschuler, J AF Amzel, Anouk Toska, Elona Lovich, Ronnie Widyono, Monique Patel, Tejal Foti, Carrie Dziuban, Eric J. Phelps, B. Ryan Sugandhi, Nandita Mark, Daniella Altschuler, Jenny CA Child Survival Working Grp Interag TI Promoting a Combination Approach to Paediatric HIV Psychosocial Support SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE adherence; bereavement; caregiver-child dyads; disclosure; education; family-based interventions; paediatric HIV; psychosocial; resilience; stigma and discrimination ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTED CHILDREN; MENTAL-HEALTH; SOUTH-AFRICA; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES; HIV/AIDS PREVENTION; FAMILY FACTORS; ADOLESCENTS; ADHERENCE AB Ninety percent of the 3.4 million HIV-infected children live in sub-Saharan Africa. Their psychosocial well being is fundamental to establishing and maintaining successful treatment outcomes and overall quality of life. With the increased roll-out of antiretroviral treatment, HIV infection is shifting from a life-threatening to a chronic disease. However, even for paediatric patients enrolled in care and treatment, HIV can still be devastating due to the interaction of complex factors, particularly in the context of other household illness and overextended healthcare systems in sub-Saharan Africa.This article explores the negative effect of several interrelated HIV-specific factors on the psychosocial well being of HIV-infected children: disclosure, stigma and discrimination, and bereavement. However, drawing on clinical studies of resilience, it stresses the need to move beyond a focus on the individual as a full response to the needs of a sick child requires support for the individual child, caregiver-child dyads, extended families, communities, and institutions. This means providing early and progressive age appropriate interventions aimed at increasing the self-reliance and self-acceptance in children and their caregivers and promoting timely health-seeking behaviours. Critical barriers that cause poorer biomedical and psychosocial outcomes among children and caregiver must also be addressed as should the causes and consequences of stigma and associated gender and social norms.This article reviews interventions at different levels of the ecological model: individual-centred programs, family-centred interventions, programs that support or train healthcare providers, community interventions for HIV-infected children, and initiatives that improve the capacity of schools to provide more supportive environments for HIV-infected children. Although experience is increasing in approaches that address the psychosocial needs of vulnerable and HIV-infected children, there is still limited evidence demonstrating which interventions have positive effects on the well being of HIV-infected children. Interventions that improve the psychosocial well being of children living with HIV must be replicable in resource-limited settings, avoiding dependence on specialized staff for implementation.This paper advocates for combination approaches that strengthen the capacity of service providers, expand the availability of age appropriate and family-centred support and equip schools to be more protective and supportive of children living with HIV. The coordination of care with other community-based interventions is also needed to foster more supportive and less stigmatizing environments. To ensure effective, feasible, and scalable interventions, improving the evidence base to document improved outcomes and longer term impact as well as implementation of operational studies to document delivery approaches are needed. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Altschuler, Jenny] Tavistock Clin, One One Childrens Fund, London NW3 5BA, England. [Amzel, Anouk; Widyono, Monique; Patel, Tejal; Phelps, B. Ryan] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Dziuban, Eric J.] US Centers Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Foti, Carrie] Educ Dev Ctr Inc, Waltham, MA USA. [Lovich, Ronnie] Elizabeth Glaser Paediat AIDS Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Mark, Daniella] Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychol, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Sugandhi, Nandita] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, New York, NY USA. [Toska, Elona] Univ Oxford, Dept Social Policy & Intervent, Oxford, England. [Toska, Elona; Mark, Daniella] PATA, Cape Town, South Africa. RP Amzel, A (reprint author), USAID, 1201 Penn Ave,Suite 200, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM aamzel@usaid.gov FU UNICEF; Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the World Health Organization or the U.S. government including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry and the United States Agency for International Development. The authors acknowledge the support of UNICEF and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) whose financial assistance made this series possible and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief for support of contributing staff time. NR 87 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 18 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 SU 2 BP S147 EP S157 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000098 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 266CY UT WOS:000328001200003 PM 24361624 ER PT J AU Kellerman, SE Ahmed, S Feeley-Summerl, T Jay, J Kim, M Phelps, BR Sugandhi, N Schouten, E Tolle, M Tsiouris, F AF Kellerman, Scott E. Ahmed, Saeed Feeley-Summerl, Theresa Jay, Jonathan Kim, Maria Phelps, B. Ryan Sugandhi, Nandita Schouten, Erik Tolle, Mike Tsiouris, Fatima CA Interagcy Task Team Prevention Tre TI Beyond prevention of mother-to-child transmission: keeping HIV-exposed and HIV-positive children healthy and alive SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; Option B; pediatric; PMTCT ID DOSE NEVIRAPINE PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFANT; INFECTION; SERVICES; CARE; EXPERIENCES; PERIPARTUM; CHALLENGES; ZIDOVUDINE AB In 2011, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS announced a plan to eliminate new HIV infections among children by 2015. This increased focus on the elimination of maternal to child transmission (MTCT) is most welcome but is insufficient, as access to prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) programming is neither uniform nor universal. A new and more expansive agenda must be articulated to ensure that those infants and children who will never feel the impact of the current elimination agenda are reached and linked to appropriate care and treatment. This agenda must addresses challenges around both reducing vertical transmission through PMTCT and ensuring access to appropriate HIV testing, care, and treatment for all affected children who were never able to access PMTCT programming. Option B+, or universal test and treat for HIV-infected pregnant women is an excellent start, but it may be time to rethink our current approaches to delivering PMTCT services. New strategies will reduce vertical transmission to less than 1% for those mother-infant pairs who can access them allowing for the contemplation of not just PMTCT, but actual elimination of MTCT. But expanded thinking is needed to ensure elimination of pediatric HIV. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Kellerman, Scott E.] Management Sci Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Ahmed, Saeed; Kim, Maria; Tolle, Mike] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Feeley-Summerl, Theresa; Jay, Jonathan] Management Sci Hlth, Cambridge, MA USA. [Phelps, B. Ryan] USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC USA. [Sugandhi, Nandita] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, New York, NY USA. [Schouten, Erik] Management Sci Hlth, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Tsiouris, Fatima] ICAP Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Kellerman, SE (reprint author), Management Sci Hlth, HIV & AIDS, 4301 N Fairfax Dr,Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM Skellerman@msh.org FU UNICEF; Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the World Health Organization or the U.S. government including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry and the United States Agency for International Development. The authors acknowledge the support of UNICEF and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) whose financial assistance made this series possible and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief for support of contributing staff time. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 SU 2 BP S225 EP S233 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000107 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 266CY UT WOS:000328001200011 PM 24361632 ER PT J AU Phelps, BR Ahmed, S Amzel, A Diallo, MO Jacobs, T Kellerman, SE Kim, MH Sugandhi, N Tam, M Wilson-Jones, M AF Phelps, B. Ryan Ahmed, Saeed Amzel, Anouk Diallo, Mamadou O. Jacobs, Troy Kellerman, Scott E. Kim, Maria H. Sugandhi, Nandita Tam, Melanie Wilson-Jones, Megan CA Interagcy Task Team Prevention Tre TI Linkage, initiation and retention of children in the antiretroviral therapy cascade: an overview SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; barriers; diagnosis; linkage; loss to follow-up; monitoring; pediatric HIV; retention ID HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; EXPOSED CHILDREN; SOUTH-AFRICA; WESTERN KENYA; CARE; MORTALITY; PROGRAM; MALAWI; BARRIERS AB In 2012, there were an estimated 2 million children in need of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the world, but ART is still reaching fewer than 3 in 10 children in need of treatment. [1, 7] As more HIV-infected children are identified early and universal treatment is initiated in children under 5 regardless of CD4, the success of pediatric HIV programs will depend on our ability to link children into care and treatment programs, and retain them in those services over time. In this review, we summarize key individual, institutional, and systems barriers to diagnosing children with HIV, linking them to care and treatment, and reducing loss to follow-up (LTFU). We also explore how linkage and retention can be optimally measured so as to maximize the impact of available pediatric HIV care and treatment services. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Phelps, B. Ryan; Amzel, Anouk; Jacobs, Troy; Tam, Melanie] United States Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC USA. [Ahmed, Saeed; Kim, Maria H.] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Diallo, Mamadou O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kellerman, Scott E.] Management Sci Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Sugandhi, Nandita] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, New York, NY USA. [Wilson-Jones, Megan] Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Phelps, BR (reprint author), United States Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC USA. EM bphelps@usaid.gov FU UNICEF; Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the World Health Organization or the U.S. government including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry and the United States Agency for International Development. The authors acknowledge the support of UNICEF and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) whose financial assistance made this series possible and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief for support of contributing staff time. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 SU 2 BP S207 EP S213 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000095 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 266CY UT WOS:000328001200009 PM 24361630 ER PT J AU Sint, TT Lovich, R Hammond, W Kim, M Melillo, S Lu, L Ching, P Marcy, J Rollins, N Koumans, EH Heap, AN Brewinski-Isaacs, M AF Sint, Tin Tin Lovich, Ronnie Hammond, Wendy Kim, Maria Melillo, Sara Lu, Lydia Ching, Pamela Marcy, Jennifer Rollins, Nigel Koumans, Emilia H. Heap, Amie N. Brewinski-Isaacs, Margaret CA Child Survival Working Grp Interag TI Challenges in infant and young child nutrition in the context of HIV SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral drugs; breastfeeding; HIV; infant feeding options; prevention of mother-to-child transmission; resource-limited settings ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SOUTH-AFRICA; VIRAL LOAD; MORTALITY; TRANSMISSION; GROWTH; MILK; INFECTION; WEIGHT; IMMUNE AB There is consensus on the benefits for all infants of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and introduction of appropriate complementary foods at 6 months, followed by continued breastfeeding. However, guidelines on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) for HIV-positive mothers have changed continually since 2000. This article explores issues and evidence related to IYCF for the prevention and care of paediatric HIV in resource-limited settings in light of new HIV treatment guidelines, implementation challenges and knowledge gaps.In 2010 the impact of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV moved WHO to urge countries to endorse either avoidance of all breastfeeding or exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months while taking ARVs, depending on which strategy could give their infants the greatest chance of HIV-free survival. Implementation of the 2010 recommendations is challenged by lack of healthcare provider training, weak clinic-community linkages to support mother/infant pairs and lack of national monitoring and reporting on infant feeding indicators.More evidence is needed to inform prevention and treatment of malnutrition among HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children. Knowledge gaps include the effects of prolonged ARV exposure, the cause of HIV-associated growth faltering, the effects of early infant testing on continuation of breastfeeding and specific nutrition interventions needed for HIV-infected children.Significant progress has been made toward keeping mothers alive and reducing paediatric HIV infection, but sustained political, financial and scientific commitment are required to ensure meaningful interventions to eliminate postnatal transmission and meet the nutritional needs of HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Sint, Tin Tin] UNICEF, Program Div, Nutr Sect, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Lu, Lydia; Ching, Pamela; Koumans, Emilia H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rollins, Nigel] WHO, Newborn Child & Adolescent Hlth, Dept Maternal, Geneva, Switzerland. [Heap, Amie N.] USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Rockville, MD USA. [Brewinski-Isaacs, Margaret] HRSA, Global AIDS Program, Rockville, MD USA. RP Sint, TT (reprint author), UNICEF, Program Div, Nutr Sect, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM ttsint@unicef.org FU UNICEF; Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the World Health Organization or the U.S. government including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry and the United States Agency for International Development. The authors acknowledge the support of UNICEF and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) whose financial assistance made this series possible and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief for support of contributing staff time. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 SU 2 BP S169 EP S177 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000089 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 266CY UT WOS:000328001200005 PM 24361626 ER PT J AU Sugandhi, N Rodrigues, J Kim, M Ahmed, S Amzel, A Tolle, M Dziuban, EJ Kellerman, SE Rivadeneira, E AF Sugandhi, Nandita Rodrigues, Jessica Kim, Maria Ahmed, Saeed Amzel, Anouk Tolle, Mike Dziuban, Eric J. Kellerman, Scott E. Rivadeneira, Emilia CA Interagcy Task Team Prevention Tre TI HIV-exposed infants: rethinking care for a lifelong condition SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-exposed infant; HIV-exposed uninfected; mother-infant pair ID UNINFECTED CHILDREN BORN; TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; INFECTED MOTHERS; SOUTH-AFRICA; FOLLOW-UP; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; HEALTH OUTCOMES; PREGNANCY AB Each year over a million infants are born to HIV-infected mothers. With scale up of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions, only 210000 of the 1.3 million infants born to mothers with HIV/AIDS in 2012 became infected. Current programmatic efforts directed at infants born to HIV-infected mothers are primarily focused on decreasing their risk of infection, but an emphasis on maternal interventions has meant follow-up of exposed infants has been poor. Programs are struggling to retain this population in care until the end of exposure, typically at the cessation of breastfeeding, between 12 and 24 months of age. But HIV exposure is a life-long condition that continues to impact the health and well being of a child long after exposure has ended. A better understanding of the impact of HIV on exposed infants is needed and new programs and interventions must take into consideration the long-term health needs of this growing population. The introduction of lifelong treatment for all HIV-infected pregnant women is an opportunity to rethink how we provide services adapted for the long-term retention of mother-infant pairs. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Sugandhi, Nandita] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, New York, NY USA. [Rodrigues, Jessica] UNICEF New York, New York, NY USA. [Rodrigues, Jessica] IATT Secretariat New York, New York, NY USA. [Kim, Maria; Ahmed, Saeed; Tolle, Mike] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Amzel, Anouk] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Dziuban, Eric J.; Rivadeneira, Emilia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kellerman, Scott E.] Management Sci Hlth, Arlington, VA USA. RP Sugandhi, N (reprint author), Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, 383 Dorchester Suite 400, Boston, MA 02127 USA. EM nsugandhi@clintonhealthaccess.org FU UNICEF; Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the World Health Organization or the U.S. government including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry and the United States Agency for International Development. The authors acknowledge the support of UNICEF and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) whose financial assistance made this series possible and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief for support of contributing staff time. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 SU 2 BP S187 EP S195 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000090 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 266CY UT WOS:000328001200007 PM 24361628 ER PT J AU Tolle, MA Phelps, BR Desmond, C Sugandhi, N Omeogu, C Jamieson, D Ahmed, S Reuben, E Muhe, L Kellerman, SE AF Tolle, Michael A. Phelps, B. Ryan Desmond, Chris Sugandhi, Nandita Omeogu, Chinyere Jamieson, David Ahmed, Saeed Reuben, Elan Muhe, Lulu Kellerman, Scott E. CA Interagcy Task Team Prevention Tre TI Delivering pediatric HIV care in resource-limited settings: cost considerations in an expanded response SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE ART programme costing; child rights; cost-efficiency; paediatric HIV treatment scale-up ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; FOLLOW-UP; MORTALITY; PROGRAMS; CHILDREN; AFRICA; CHALLENGES; DIAGNOSIS; SERVICES AB If children are to be protected from HIV, the expansion of PMTCT programs must be complemented by increased provision of paediatric treatment. This is expensive, yet there are humanitarian, equity and children's rights arguments to justify the prioritization of treating HIV-infected children. In the context of limited budgets, inefficiencies cost lives, either through lower coverage or less effective services. With the goal of informing the design and expansion of efficient paediatric treatment programs able to utilize to greatest effect the available resources allocated to the treatment of HIV-infected children, this article reviews what is known about cost drivers in paediatric HIV interventions, and makes suggestions for improving efficiency in paediatric HIV programming. High-impact interventions known to deliver disproportional returns on investment are highlighted and targeted for immediate scale-up. Progress will carry a cost - increased funding, as well as additional data on intervention costs and outcomes, will be required if universal access of HIV-infected children to treatment is to be achieved and sustained. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Tolle, Michael A.] Baylor Coll Med Childrens Fdn Tanzania, Bugando Med Ctr, Mwanza, Tanzania. [Phelps, B. Ryan; Reuben, Elan] United States Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Desmond, Chris] Univ Witwatersrand, Dev Pathways Hlth Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Sugandhi, Nandita] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, New York, NY USA. [Omeogu, Chinyere] United Nat Childrens Fund UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Jamieson, David] Partnership Supply Chain Management, Arlington, VA USA. [Ahmed, Saeed] Baylor Coll Med Childrens Fdn Malawi, Kamuzu Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Muhe, Lulu] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Kellerman, Scott E.] Management Sci Hlth, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Tolle, MA (reprint author), Bugando Med Ctr, POB 5208, Mwanza, Tanzania. EM mtolle@baylortanzania.or.tz FU UNICEF; Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) FX The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the World Health Organization or the U.S. government including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry and the United States Agency for International Development. The authors acknowledge the support of UNICEF and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) whose financial assistance made this series possible and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief for support of contributing staff time. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 SU 2 BP S179 EP S186 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000105 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 266CY UT WOS:000328001200006 PM 24361627 ER PT J AU Felson, AJ Pavao-Zuckerman, M Carter, T Montalto, F Shuster, B Springer, N Stander, EK Starry, O AF Felson, Alexander J. Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell Carter, Timothy Montalto, Franco Shuster, Bill Springer, Nikki Stander, Emilie K. Starry, Olyssa TI Mapping the Design Process for Urban Ecology Researchers SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE applied urban ecology; collaboration; interdisciplinary; design process; ecological design ID ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; EARTH STEWARDSHIP; SCIENCE; LANDSCAPES; NETWORK AB The integration of research into the design process is an opportunity to build ecologically informed urban design solutions. To date, designers have traditionally relied on environmental consultants to provide the best available science; however, serious gaps in our understanding of urban ecosystems remain. To evaluate ecosystem processes and services for sustainable urban design and to further advance our understanding of social-ecological processes within the urban context, we need to integrate primary research into the urban design process. In this article, we develop a road map for such a synthesis. Supporting our proposals by case studies, we identify strategic entry points at which urban ecology researchers can integrate their work into the design process. C1 [Felson, Alexander J.; Springer, Nikki] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Felson, Alexander J.] Yale Univ, Sch Architecture, New Haven, CT USA. [Felson, Alexander J.] Yale Univ, NY CAP, New Haven, CT USA. [Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell] Univ Arizonas Biosphere 2, Tucson, AZ USA. [Carter, Timothy] Butler Univ, Ctr Urban Ecol, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA. [Montalto, Franco] Drexel Univ, Civil Architectural & Environm Engn Dept, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Shuster, Bill] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Stander, Emilie K.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Econ Growth Educ & Environm, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Stander, Emilie K.] Edison Environm Ctr, Edison, NJ USA. [Starry, Olyssa] Univ Maryland, Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Felson, AJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM alexander.felson@yale.edu NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 42 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 2013 VL 63 IS 11 BP 854 EP 865 DI 10.1525/bio.2013.63.11.4 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 257WE UT WOS:000327417700004 ER PT J AU Zhao, F Squires, N Weakliam, D Van Lerberghe, W Soucat, A Toure, K Shakarishvili, G Quain, E Maeda, A AF Zhao, Feng Squires, Neil Weakliam, David Van Lerberghe, Wim Soucat, Agnes Toure, Kadidiatou Shakarishvili, George Quain, Estelle Maeda, Akiko TI Investing in human resources for health: the need for a paradigm shift SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhao, Feng; Soucat, Agnes] African Dev Bank, Tunis 1002, Tunisia. [Squires, Neil] Dept Int Dev, London, England. [Weakliam, David] Hlth Serv Execut, Global Hlth Programme, Dublin, Ireland. [Van Lerberghe, Wim] Univ Lisbon, Inst Hyg & Trop Med, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Toure, Kadidiatou] Partnership Maternal Newborn & Child Hlth, Geneva, Switzerland. [Shakarishvili, George] Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. [Quain, Estelle] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Maeda, Akiko] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Zhao, F (reprint author), African Dev Bank, Rue Ghana BP 323, Tunis 1002, Tunisia. EM f.zhao@afdb.org OI Van Lerberghe, Wim/0000-0001-9966-6563 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 EI 1564-0604 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 799 EP 799 DI 10.2471/BLT.13.118687 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 256CA UT WOS:000327286100002 PM 24347698 ER PT J AU Tulenko, K Mogedal, S Afzal, MM Frymus, D Oshin, A Pate, M Quain, E Pinel, A Wynd, S Zodpey, S AF Tulenko, Kate Mogedal, Sigrun Afzal, Muhammad Mahmood Frymus, Diana Oshin, Adetokunbo Pate, Muhammad Quain, Estelle Pinel, Arletty Wynd, Shona Zodpey, Sanjay TI Community health workers for universal health-care coverage: from fragmentation to synergy SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article AB To achieve universal health coverage, health systems will have to reach into every community, including the poorest and hardest to, access. Since Alma-Ata, inconsistent support of community health workers (CHWs) and failure to integrate them into the health system have impeded full realization of their potential contribution in the context of primary health care. Scaling up and maintaining CHW programmes is fraught with a host of challenges: poor planning; multiple competing actors with little coordination; fragmented, disease-specific training; donor-driven management and funding; tenuous linkage with the health system; poor coordination, supervision and support, and under-recognition of CHWs' contribution. The current drive towards universal health coverage (UHC) presents an opportunity to enhance people's access to health services and their trust, demand and use of such services through CHWs. For their potential to be fully realized, however, CHWs will need to be better integrated into national health-care systems in terms of employment, supervision, support and career development. Partners at the global, national and district levels will have to harmonize and synchronize their engagement in CHW support while maintaining enough flexibility for programmes to innovate and respond to local needs. Strong leadership from the public sector will be needed to facilitate alignment with national policy frameworks and country-led coordination and to achieve synergies and accountability, universal coverage and sustainability. In moving towards UHC, much can be gained by investing in building CHWs' skills and supporting them as valued members of the health team. Stand-alone investments in CHWs are no shortcut to progress. C1 [Tulenko, Kate] Capacityplus, IntraHlth, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Mogedal, Sigrun] Norwegian Knowledge Ctr Hlth Serv, Oslo, Norway. [Afzal, Muhammad Mahmood] Global Hlth Workforce Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland. [Frymus, Diana; Quain, Estelle] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Oshin, Adetokunbo; Pate, Muhammad] Fed Minist Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. [Pinel, Arletty] Genos Global, Panama City, Panama. [Wynd, Shona] Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. [Zodpey, Sanjay] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India. RP Tulenko, K (reprint author), Capacityplus, IntraHlth, 17761 St NW, Washington, DC 20006 USA. EM ktulenko@capacityplus.org NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 EI 1564-0604 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 847 EP 852 DI 10.2471/BLT.13.118745 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 256CA UT WOS:000327286100013 PM 24347709 ER PT J AU Campbell, J Buchan, J Cometto, G David, B Dussault, G Fogstad, H Fronteira, I Lozano, R Nyonator, F Pablos-Mendez, A Quain, EE Starrs, A Tangcharoensathien, V AF Campbell, James Buchan, James Cometto, Giorgio David, Benedict Dussault, Gilles Fogstad, Helga Fronteira, Ines Lozano, Rafael Nyonator, Frank Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Quain, Estelle E. Starrs, Ann Tangcharoensathien, Viroj TI Human resources for health and universal health coverage: fostering equity and effective coverage SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; LESSONS; SYSTEMS; WORKERS; ACCESS; MEXICO; CARE AB Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves distributing resources, especially human resources for health (HRH), to match population needs. This paper explores the policy lessons on HRH from four countries that have achieved sustained improvements in UHC: Brazil, Ghana, Mexico and Thailand. Its purpose is to inform global policy and financial commitments on HRH in support of UHC. The paper reports on country experiences using an analytical framework that examines effective coverage in relation to the availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality (AAAQ) of HRH. The AAAQ dimensions make it possible to perform tracing analysis on HRH policy actions since 1990 in the four countries of interest in relation to national trends in workforce numbers and population mortality rates. The findings inform key principles for evidence-based decision-making on HRH in support of UHC. First, HRH are critical to the expansion of health service coverage and the package of benefits; second, HRH strategies in each of the AAAQ dimensions collectively support achievements in effective coverage; and third, success is achieved through partnerships involving health and non-health actors. Facing the unprecedented health and development challenges that affect all countries and transforming HRH evidence into policy and practice must be at the heart of UHC and the post-2015 development agenda. It is a political imperative requiring national commitment and leadership to maximize the impact of available financial and human resources, and improve healthy life expectancy, with the recognition that improvements in health care are-enabled by a health workforce that is fit for purpose. C1 [Campbell, James] Inst Cooperac Social Integrare, Barcelona 08007, Spain. [Buchan, James] Queen Margaret Univ, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Cometto, Giorgio] WHO, Global Hlth Workforce Alliance, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [David, Benedict] Australian Agcy Int Dev, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Dussault, Gilles; Fronteira, Ines] Univ Nova Lisboa, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal. [Fogstad, Helga] Norwegian Agcy Dev Cooperat, Oslo, Norway. [Lozano, Rafael] Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Nyonator, Frank] Minist Hlth, Accra, Ghana. [Pablos-Mendez, Ariel; Quain, Estelle E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Starrs, Ann] Family Care Int, New York, NY USA. [Tangcharoensathien, Viroj] Minist Publ Hlth, Int Hlth Policy Programme, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Campbell, J (reprint author), Inst Cooperac Social Integrare, Calle Balmes 30 3-1, Barcelona 08007, Spain. EM jim.campbell@integrare.es RI Fronteira, Ines/I-2380-2012 OI Fronteira, Ines/0000-0003-1406-4585 NR 62 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 19 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 EI 1564-0604 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 91 IS 11 BP 853 EP 863 DI 10.2471/BLT.13.118729 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 256CA UT WOS:000327286100014 PM 24347710 ER PT J AU Adeyemi, AO Issa, K Atobatele, A Fakunle, O AF Adeyemi, A. O. Issa, K. Atobatele, A. Fakunle, O. TI Multilevel Analysis of HIV Predictors Among Female Sex Workers in Nigeria: Lessons for HIV Vaccine Trial SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on AIDS Vaccine CY OCT 07-10, 2013 CL Barcelona, SPAIN C1 [Adeyemi, A. O.] MEASURE NACA, Abuja, Nigeria. [Issa, K.] Fed Minist Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. [Atobatele, A.] USAID Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria. [Fakunle, O.] FCT, Dept Publ Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 EI 1931-8405 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 11 SI SI BP A110 EP A111 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 239PI UT WOS:000326037500284 ER PT J AU Kandianis, CB Stevens, R Liu, WP Palacios, N Montgomery, K Pixley, K White, WS Rocheford, T AF Kandianis, Catherine B. Stevens, Robyn Liu, Weiping Palacios, Natalia Montgomery, Kevin Pixley, Kevin White, Wendy S. Rocheford, Torbert TI Genetic architecture controlling variation in grain carotenoid composition and concentrations in two maize populations SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; TRANS BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; MULTIPLE LOCI; IN-VITRO; Y1 GENE; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS AB Genetic control of maize grain carotenoid profiles is coordinated through several loci distributed throughout three secondary metabolic pathways, most of which exhibit additive, and more importantly, pleiotropic effects. The genetic basis for the variation in maize grain carotenoid concentrations was investigated in two F-2:3 populations, DEexp x CI7 and A619 x SC55, derived from high total carotenoid and high beta-carotene inbred lines. A comparison of grain carotenoid concentrations from population DEexp x CI7 grown in different environments revealed significantly higher concentrations and greater trait variation in samples harvested from a subtropical environment relative to those from a temperate environment. Genotype by environment interactions was significant for most carotenoid traits. Using phenotypic data in additive, environment-specific genetic models, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for absolute and derived carotenoid traits in each population, including those specific to the isomerization of beta-carotene. A multivariate approach for these correlated traits was taken, using carotenoid trait principal components (PCs) that jointly accounted for 97 % or more of trait variation. Component loadings for carotenoid PCs were interpreted in the context of known substrate-product relationships within the carotenoid pathway. Importantly, QTL for univariate and multivariate traits were found to cluster in close proximity to map locations of loci involved in methyl-erythritol, isoprenoid and carotenoid metabolism. Several of these genes, including lycopene epsilon cyclase, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase1 and beta-carotene hydroxylase, were mapped in the segregating populations. These loci exhibited pleiotropic effects on alpha-branch carotenoids, total carotenoid profile and beta-branch carotenoids, respectively. Our results confirm that several QTL are involved in the modification of carotenoid profiles, and suggest genetic targets that could be used for the improvement of total carotenoid and beta-carotene in future breeding populations. C1 [Kandianis, Catherine B.; Stevens, Robyn; Montgomery, Kevin] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kandianis, Catherine B.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Stevens, Robyn] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Liu, Weiping; White, Wendy S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Palacios, Natalia; Pixley, Kevin] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. [Montgomery, Kevin] Montgomery Consulting, Maroa, IL 61756 USA. [Rocheford, Torbert] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kandianis, CB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ceb19@cornell.edu; trochefo@purdue.edu FU HarvestPlus; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DBI-0922493]; Patterson Chair Endowment FX We thank DuPont Pioneer for in-kind genotyping, Robert Meeley of DuPont Pioneer for additional A619 and SC55 sequence data, and Don McCarty for sequence information relative to CCD1/wc1. We also thank Ines Carvalho and Patricia Bermudez for their assistance in data assembly and quality control, Jerry Chandler and Don Roberts for their excellent field support, and Michael Grusak and G. R. Johnson for critical review of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by HarvestPlus, National Science Foundation (NSF) DBI-0922493 and Patterson Chair Endowment to T.R. NR 70 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 126 IS 11 BP 2879 EP 2895 DI 10.1007/s00122-013-2179-5 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 240TK UT WOS:000326119700015 PM 24042570 ER PT J AU Tagler, MJ Cozzarelli, C AF Tagler, Michael J. Cozzarelli, Catherine TI Feelings Toward the Poor and Beliefs About the Causes of Poverty: The Role of Affective-Cognitive Consistency in Help-Giving SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attitudes; attribution; poverty ID ATTITUDE-BEHAVIOR RELATION; ATTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; MIDDLE-CLASS; PERCEPTIONS; METAANALYSIS; MOTIVATION; THOUGHT; WELFARE AB This study examined how affective-cognitive consistency moderates the strength of the relationship between attitudes toward the poor and help-giving intentions. Participant's (N = 198) overall attitudes toward the poor and the consistency of their affect (feelings toward the poor) and cognition (beliefs about the causes of poverty) were measured. Affective-cognitive consistency moderated the degree to which attitudes predicted welfare allocations and volunteering to help the poor, such that attitudes significantly predicted these decisions among participants whose feelings toward the poor were consistent with their beliefs about the causes of poverty. C1 [Tagler, Michael J.] Ball State Univ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. [Cozzarelli, Catherine] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Europe & Eurasia, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Tagler, MJ (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM mjtagler@bsu.edu NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 24 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3980 EI 1940-1019 J9 J PSYCHOL JI J. Psychol. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 147 IS 6 BP 517 EP 539 DI 10.1080/00223980.2012.718721 PG 23 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 220VI UT WOS:000324614600002 PM 24199510 ER PT J AU Fenner, L Ballif, M Graber, C Nhandu, V Dusingize, JC Cortes, CP Carriquiry, G Anastos, K Garone, D Jong, E Gnokoro, JC Sued, O Ajayi, S Diero, L Wools-Kaloustian, K Kiertiburanakul, S Castelnuovo, B Lewden, C Durier, N Sterling, TR Egger, M AF Fenner, Lukas Ballif, Marie Graber, Claire Nhandu, Venerandah Dusingize, Jean Claude Cortes, Claudia P. Carriquiry, Gabriela Anastos, Kathryn Garone, Daniela Jong, Eefje Gnokoro, Joachim Charles Sued, Omar Ajayi, Samuel Diero, Lameck Wools-Kaloustian, Kara Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin Castelnuovo, Barbara Lewden, Charlotte Durier, Nicolas Sterling, Timothy R. Egger, Matthias CA IeDEA TI Tuberculosis in Antiretroviral Treatment Programs in Lower Income Countries: Availability and Use of Diagnostics and Screening SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; INTERNATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATABASES; HIV-INFECTED ADULTS; EVALUATE AIDS IEDEA; XPERT MTB/RIF TEST; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION; COHORT PROFILE; SOUTH-AFRICA; THERAPY AB Objectives: In resource-constrained settings, tuberculosis (TB) is a common opportunistic infection and cause of death in HIV-infected persons. TB may be present at the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART), but it is often under-diagnosed. We describe approaches to TB diagnosis and screening of TB in ART programs in low-and middle-income countries. Methods and findings: We surveyed ART programs treating HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America in 2012 using online questionnaires to collect program-level and patient-level data. Forty-seven sites from 26 countries participated. Patient-level data were collected on 987 adult TB patients from 40 sites (median age 34.7 years; 54% female). Sputum smear microscopy and chest radiograph were available in 47 (100%) sites, TB culture in 44 (94%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 23 (49%). Xpert MTB/RIF was rarely available in Central Africa and South America. In sites with access to these diagnostics, microscopy was used in 745 (76%) patients diagnosed with TB, culture in 220 (24%), and chest X-ray in 688 (70%) patients. When free of charge culture was done in 27% of patients, compared to 21% when there was a fee (p = 0.033). Corresponding percentages for Xpert MTB/RIF were 26% and 15% of patients (p = 0.001). Screening practices for active disease before starting ART included symptom screening (46 sites, 98%), chest X-ray (38, 81%), sputum microscopy (37, 79%), culture (16, 34%), and Xpert MTB/RIF (5, 11%). Conclusions: Mycobacterial culture was infrequently used despite its availability at most sites, while Xpert MTB/RIF was not generally available. Use of available diagnostics was higher when offered free of charge. C1 [Fenner, Lukas; Ballif, Marie; Graber, Claire; Egger, Matthias] Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Bern, Switzerland. [Fenner, Lukas] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland. [Fenner, Lukas] Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland. [Nhandu, Venerandah] Ctr Infect Dis Res Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. [Dusingize, Jean Claude] Womens Equ Access Care & Treatment, Kigali, Rwanda. [Cortes, Claudia P.] Univ Chile Sch Med, Santiago, Chile. [Carriquiry, Gabriela] Inst Med Trop Alexander von Humboldt, Lima, Peru. [Anastos, Kathryn] Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Anastos, Kathryn] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Garone, Daniela] Med Sans Frontieres, Khayelitsha ART Programme, Cape Town, South Africa. [Jong, Eefje] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Gnokoro, Joachim Charles] CEPREF ART Program, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Sued, Omar] Fdn Huesped, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Ajayi, Samuel] Univ Abuja Teaching Hosp, Abuja, Nigeria. [Diero, Lameck; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara] USAID AMPATH, Eldoret, Kenya. [Wools-Kaloustian, Kara] Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin] Mahidol Univ, Ramathibodi Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Castelnuovo, Barbara] Infect Dis Inst, Res Dept, Kampala, Uganda. [Lewden, Charlotte] Univ Bordeaux Segalen, ISPED, Bordeaux, France. [Durier, Nicolas] TREAT Asia, AmfAR Fdn AIDS Res, Bangkok, Thailand. [Sterling, Timothy R.] Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Nashville, TN USA. RP Fenner, L (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Bern, Switzerland. EM lukas.fenner@unibas.ch OI Sued, Omar/0000-0001-5818-770X; Cortes, Claudia P./0000-0001-9101-9783 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [U01AI069924, U01AI069907, U01A096299, U01AI069911, U01AI069923, U01AI069919] FX Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number Southern Africa: U01AI069924, Asia: U01AI069907, Central Africa: U01A096299, East Africa: U01AI069911, Caribbean, Central and South America: U01AI069923 and West Africa: U01AI069919. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 17 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 10 AR e77697 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0077697 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 239KL UT WOS:000326022200067 PM 24147059 ER PT J AU Bustreo, F Say, L Koblinsky, M Pullum, TW Temmerman, M Pablos-Mendez, A AF Bustreo, Flavia Say, Lale Koblinsky, Marge Pullum, Thomas W. Temmerman, Marleen Pablos-Mendez, Ariel TI Ending preventable maternal deaths: the time is now SO LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bustreo, Flavia; Say, Lale; Temmerman, Marleen] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Koblinsky, Marge; Pablos-Mendez, Ariel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Pullum, Thomas W.] ICF Int, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Bustreo, F (reprint author), WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM temmermanm@who.int NR 6 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2214-109X J9 LANCET GLOB HEALTH JI Lancet Glob. Health PD OCT PY 2013 VL 1 IS 4 BP E176 EP E177 DI 10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70059-7 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA AH8YB UT WOS:000336423000005 PM 25104339 ER PT J AU Stanton, CK Newton, S Mullany, LC Cofie, P Agyemang, CT Adiibokah, E Amenga-Etego, S Darcy, N Khan, S Armbruster, D Gyapong, J Owusu-Agyei, S AF Stanton, Cynthia K. Newton, Samuel Mullany, Luke C. Cofie, Patience Agyemang, Charlotte Tawiah Adiibokah, Edward Amenga-Etego, Seeba Darcy, Niamh Khan, Sadaf Armbruster, Deborah Gyapong, John Owusu-Agyei, Seth TI Effect on Postpartum Hemorrhage of Prophylactic Oxytocin (10 IU) by Injection by Community Health Officers in Ghana: A Community-Based, Cluster-Randomized Trial SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; 3RD-STAGE LABOR; MISOPROSTOL; UNIJECT(TM); MANAGEMENT; VIETNAM AB Background: Oxytocin (10 IU) is the drug of choice for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Its use has generally been restricted to medically trained staff in health facilities. We assessed the effectiveness, safety, and feasibility of PPH prevention using oxytocin injected by peripheral health care providers without midwifery skills at home births. Methods and Findings: This community-based, cluster-randomized trial was conducted in four rural districts in Ghana. We randomly allocated 54 community health officers (stratified on district and catchment area distance to a health facility: >= 10 km versus <10 km) to intervention (one injection of oxytocin [10 IU] one minute after birth) and control (no provision of prophylactic oxytocin) arms. Births attended by a community health officer constituted a cluster. Our primary outcome was PPH, using multiple definitions; (PPH-1) blood loss >= 500 mL; (PPH-2) PPH-1 plus women who received early treatment for PPH; and (PPH-3) PPH-2 plus any other women referred to hospital for postpartum bleeding. Unsafe practice is defined as oxytocin use before delivery of the baby. We enrolled 689 and 897 women, respectively, into oxytocin and control arms of the trial from April 2011 to November 2012. In oxytocin and control arms, respectively, PPH-1 rates were 2.6% versus 5.5% (RR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.27-0.88); PPH-2 rates were 3.8% versus 10.8% (RR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18-0.63), and PPH-3 rates were similar to those of PPH-2. Compared to women in control clusters, those in the intervention clusters lost 45.1 mL (17.7-72.6) less blood. There were no cases of oxytocin use before delivery of the baby and no major adverse events requiring notification of the institutional review boards. Limitations include an unblinded trial and imbalanced numbers of participants, favoring controls. Conclusion: Maternal health care planners can consider adapting this model to extend the use of oxytocin into peripheral settings including, in some contexts, home births. C1 [Stanton, Cynthia K.; Mullany, Luke C.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Newton, Samuel; Agyemang, Charlotte Tawiah; Adiibokah, Edward; Amenga-Etego, Seeba; Owusu-Agyei, Seth] Ghana Hlth Serv, Kintampo Hlth Res Ctr, Kintampo, Ghana. [Cofie, Patience] PATH, Accra, Ghana. [Darcy, Niamh] Res Triangle Inst, Durham, NC USA. [Khan, Sadaf] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Armbruster, Deborah] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Gyapong, John] Univ Ghana, Sch Publ Hlth, Accra, Ghana. RP Stanton, CK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM cstanton@jhsph.edu FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; PATH FX This research was sponsored by PATH with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Collaborators include the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, the Kintampo Health Research Center, and Research Triangle Institute. The funders of this study played no role in the design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, drafting of the manuscript, or decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 10 IS 10 AR e1001524 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001524 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 299BU UT WOS:000330370600004 PM 24130463 ER PT J AU Johnston, B Ligiero, D DeSilva, S Medley, A Nightingale, V Sripipatana, T Bachanas, P Abutu, A Brewinski-Isaacs, M Bathily, F Grillo, M Bertz, L Mani, N AF Johnston, Beverly Ligiero, Daniela DeSilva, Shyami Medley, Amy Nightingale, Vienna Sripipatana, Tabitha Bachanas, Pamela Abutu, Andrew Brewinski-Isaacs, Margaret Bathily, Fatoumata Grillo, Michael Bertz, Lilly Mani, Nithya TI Meeting the family planning needs of women living with HIV in US government global health programs SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE family planning; global health; integration; US government; women living with HIV ID RURAL UGANDA; INFECTION AB The integration of health programs, including HIV and voluntary family planning, is a priority for US government foreign assistance. One critical component of family planning and HIV integration that has significant positive health outcomes is ensuring that all women living with HIV have access to both a full range of contraceptives and safe pregnancy counseling. This article outlines the US government global health strategy to meet the family planning needs of women living with HIV based on three key principles: a focus on reproductive rights through voluntarism and informed choice, quality service provision through evidence-based programming, and development of partnerships. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Johnston, Beverly; Sripipatana, Tabitha] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Ligiero, Daniela; Bertz, Lilly] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [DeSilva, Shyami; Mani, Nithya] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Medley, Amy; Bachanas, Pamela; Abutu, Andrew] US Dept HHS, Div Global HIV & AIDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Nightingale, Vienna; Grillo, Michael] US Dept Def, HIV AIDS Prevent Program, Washington, DC 20305 USA. [Brewinski-Isaacs, Margaret] US Dept HHS, Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Bathily, Fatoumata] US Dept HHS, Off Global Affairs, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Ligiero, D (reprint author), US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, 2100 Penn Ave,NW Suite 200, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM LigieroDP@state.gov FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 2013 VL 27 SU 1 BP S121 EP S125 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000041 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 298UD UT WOS:000330349100014 PM 24088678 ER PT J AU Polis, CB Westreich, D Balkus, JE Heffron, R AF Polis, Chelsea B. Westreich, Daniel Balkus, Jennifer E. Heffron, Renee CA 2013 HC-HIV Observational Anal TI Assessing the effect of hormonal contraception on HIV acquisition in observational data: challenges and recommended analytic approaches SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE contraception; depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate; HIV acquisition; injectable; observational epidemiology ID MARGINAL STRUCTURAL MODELS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CONSISTENT CONDOM USE; PARAMETRIC G-FORMULA; SOUTH-AFRICA; CAUSAL DIAGRAMS; SEX WORKERS; RISK; WOMEN; TRANSMISSION AB Introduction: Determining whether hormonal contraception, particularly the injectable contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), increases a woman's risk of HIV acquisition is a priority question for public health. However, assessing the relationship between various hormonal contraceptive methods and HIV acquisition with observational data involves substantial analytic design issues and challenges. Studies to date have used inconsistent approaches and generated a body of evidence that is complex and challenging to interpret. Methods: In January 2013, the United States Agency for International Development and FHI 360 supported a meeting of epidemiologists, statisticians, and content experts to develop recommendations for future observational analyses of hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition. Results: Meeting participants generated recommendations regarding careful definition of exposure groups; handling potential confounders, mediators, and effect modifiers; estimating and addressing the magnitude of measurement error; using multiple methods to account for pregnancy; and exploring the potential for differential exposure to HIV-infected partners. Advantages and disadvantages of various statistical approaches to account for time-varying confounding and estimating total and direct effects were also discussed. Conclusion: Implementing these recommendations in future observational hormonal contraception-HIV acquisition analyses will enhance interpretation of existing studies and strengthen the overall evidence base for this complex and important area. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Polis, Chelsea B.] USAID, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Westreich, Daniel] Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Westreich, Daniel] Duke Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Durham, NC USA. [Westreich, Daniel] Duke Univ, Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA. [Balkus, Jennifer E.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Vaccine & Infect Dis Div, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Balkus, Jennifer E.; Heffron, Renee] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Polis, CB (reprint author), USAID, Res Technol & Utilizat Div, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, 1201 Penn Ave NW,Suite 315, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM cpolis@usaid.gov OI Polis, Chelsea/0000-0002-1031-7074 FU USAID; FHI 360 PTA project FX The authors are grateful to the study participants and investigators who have contributed to understanding of this complex subject. The authors are also grateful to USAID and the FHI 360 PTA project for funding this meeting, and to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for hosting. NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 2013 VL 27 SU 1 BP S35 EP S43 DI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000036 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 298UD UT WOS:000330349100005 PM 24088682 ER PT J AU Tamminga, C Sedegah, M Maiolatesi, S Fedders, C Reyes, S Reyes, A Vasquez, C Alcorta, Y Chuang, I Spring, M Kavanaugh, M Ganeshan, H Huang, J Belmonte, M Abot, E Belmonte, A Banania, J Farooq, F Murphy, J Komisar, J Richie, NO Bennett, J Limbach, K Patterson, NB Bruder, JT Shi, M Miller, E Dutta, S Diggs, C Soisson, LA Hollingdale, MR Epstein, JE Richie, TL AF Tamminga, Cindy Sedegah, Martha Maiolatesi, Santina Fedders, Charlotte Reyes, Sharina Reyes, Anatalio Vasquez, Carlos Alcorta, Yolanda Chuang, Ilin Spring, Michele Kavanaugh, Michael Ganeshan, Harini Huang, Jun Belmonte, Maria Abot, Esteban Belmonte, Arnel Banania, JoGlenna Farooq, Fouzia Murphy, Jittawadee Komisar, Jack Richie, Nancy O. Bennett, Jason Limbach, Keith Patterson, Noelle B. Bruder, Joseph T. Shi, Meng Miller, Edward Dutta, Sheetij Diggs, Carter Soisson, Lorraine A. Hollingdale, Michael R. Epstein, Judith E. Richie, Thomas L. TI Human adenovirus 5-vectored Plasmodium falciparum NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA vaccine encoding CSP and AMA1 is safe, well-tolerated and immunogenic but does not protect against controlled human malaria infection SO HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article DE malaria; vaccine; adenovirus; efficacy; antibody; T cells ID LIVER-STAGE MALARIA; CD8(+) T-CELLS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; DNA VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; RESPONSES; TOLERABILITY; MEMORY; INDUCTION; EFFICACY AB Background: In a prior study, a DNA prime/adenovirus boost vaccine (DNA/Ad) expressing P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CS P) and apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) (NMRC-M3V-D/Ad-PfCA Vaccine) induced 27% protection against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). To investigate the contribution of DNA priming, we tested the efficacy of adenovirus vaccine alone (NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA) in a phase 1 clinical trial. Methodology/Principal Findings: The regimen was a single intramuscular injection with two non-replicating human serotype 5 adenovectors encoding CS P and AMA1, respectively. An amount of 1 x 10(10) particle units of each construct were combined prior to administration. The regimen was safe and well-tolerated. Four weeks later, 18 study subjects received P. falciparum CHMI administered by mosquito bite. None were fully protected although one showed delayed onset of parasitemia. Antibody responses were low, with geometric mean CS P ELISA titer of 381 (range <50-1626) and AMA1 ELISA of 4.95 mu g/mL (range 0.2-38). Summed ex vivo IFN-gamma ELISpot responses to overlapping peptides were robust, with geometric mean spot forming cells/million peripheral blood mononuclear cells [sfc/m] for CS P of 273 (range 38-2550) and for AMA1 of 1303 (range 435-4594). CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell IFN-gamma responses to CS P were positive by flow cytometry in 25% and 56% of the research subjects, respectively, and to AMA1 in 94% and 100%, respectively. Significance: In contrast to DNA/Ad, Ad alone did not protect against CHMI despite inducing broad, cell-mediated immunity, indicating that DNA priming is required for protection by the adenovirus-vectored vaccine. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00392015. C1 [Tamminga, Cindy; Sedegah, Martha; Maiolatesi, Santina; Fedders, Charlotte; Reyes, Sharina; Reyes, Anatalio; Vasquez, Carlos; Alcorta, Yolanda; Chuang, Ilin; Ganeshan, Harini; Huang, Jun; Belmonte, Maria; Abot, Esteban; Belmonte, Arnel; Banania, JoGlenna; Farooq, Fouzia; Limbach, Keith; Patterson, Noelle B.; Hollingdale, Michael R.; Epstein, Judith E.; Richie, Thomas L.] Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Spring, Michele] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Kavanaugh, Michael; Miller, Edward] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Murphy, Jittawadee; Komisar, Jack; Richie, Nancy O.; Bennett, Jason; Shi, Meng; Dutta, Sheetij] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Bruder, Joseph T.] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Diggs, Carter; Soisson, Lorraine A.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Tamminga, C (reprint author), Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Cindy.Tamminga@med.navy.mil OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU USAID "Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Malaria Vaccines" Grant [GHA-P-00-03-00006-01, 936-3118]; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program "Development of Recombinant Adenoviral-based Vaccines against Malaria"Grant [W81XWH-05-2-0041]; Military Infectious Disease Research Program (MIDRP) [62787A 870 F 1432] FX This work was supported by (1) USAID "Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Malaria Vaccines" Grant #: GHA-P-00-03-00006-01, Project Number 936-3118; (2) the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program "Development of Recombinant Adenoviral-based Vaccines against Malaria" Grant #: W81XWH-05-2-0041; and (3) the Military Infectious Disease Research Program (MIDRP) project "Phase 1/2a clinical trials assessing the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity & protective efficacy of Ad5-CA, a two-antigen, adenovirus-vectored Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, in healthy, malaria-naive adults," work unit number 62787A 870 F 1432. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 2164-5515 EI 2164-554X J9 HUM VACC IMMUNOTHER JI Human Vaccines Immunother. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 9 IS 10 BP 2165 EP 2177 DI 10.4161/hv.24941 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 299FQ UT WOS:000330381600024 PM 23899517 ER PT J AU Morantz, G Cole, DC Ayaya, S Ayuku, D Braitstein, P AF Morantz, Gillian Cole, Donald C. Ayaya, Samuel Ayuku, David Braitstein, Paula TI Maltreatment experiences and associated factors prior to admission to residential care: A sample of institutionalized children and youth in western Kenya SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE Orphan; Africa; Abuse; Neglect; Residential care; Institution ID ABANDONED CHILDREN; NORTHERN UGANDA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; AIDS ORPHANS; ABUSE; HIV; RISK; METAANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; PROTECTION AB Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of maltreatment experienced by institutionalized children prior to their admission to Charitable Children's Institutions (orphanages) in western Kenya, and to describe their socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for admission, and the factors associated with prior experiences of maltreatment. Methods: A systematic file review was undertaken in five CCIs. Demographic, prior caregiving settings and maltreatment data were extracted. Forms of maltreatment were recorded according to WHO and ISPCAN guidelines. Logistic regression was used in bivariate and multivariable analyses of factors associated with reasons for placement and forms of maltreatment. Results: A total of 462 files were reviewed. The median (interquartile range) age of children was 6.8 (5.08) years at admission, 56% were male, and 71% had lost one or both parents. The reasons for admission were destitution (36%), abandonment (22%), neglect (21%), physical/sexual abuse (8%), and lack of caregiver (8%). The majority of child and youth residents had experienced at least one form of maltreatment (66%): physical abuse (8%), sexual abuse (2%), psychological abuse (28%), neglect (26%), medical neglect (18%), school deprivation (38%), abandonment (30%), and child labor (23%). The most common reason for non-orphans to be admitted was maltreatment (90%), whereas the most common reason for orphans to be admitted was destitution (49%). Girls (adjusted odds ratio, AOR:.61,95% CI:.39-.95) and orphans (AOR:.04, 95% CI:.01-.17) were both independently less likely to have a history of maltreatment irrespective of whether it was the reason for admission. Children whose primary caregiver had not been a parent (AOR:.36, 95% CI:.15-.86) and orphans (AOR:.17, 95% CI:.06-.44) were less likely to have been admitted for maltreatment, while children who were separated from siblings were more likely to have been admitted for maltreatment (AOR: 1.62,95% CI: 1.01-2.60). Conclusions: The high prevalence of maltreatment prior to admission, particularly among nonorphans, suggests the need for better child abuse and neglect prevention programs in communities, and psychosocial support services in institutions. The significant proportion of children admitted for poverty, predominantly among orphans, indicates that community-based poverty-reduction programs might reduce the need for institutionalization. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Morantz, Gillian] McGill Univ, Dept Gen Pediat, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Cole, Donald C.; Braitstein, Paula] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON M5T3M7, Canada. [Ayaya, Samuel; Ayuku, David; Braitstein, Paula] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret 030100, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Braitstein, Paula] United States Agcy Int Dev Acad Model Providing A, Eldoret 030700, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Braitstein, P (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, 1001 West 10th St OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD060478, R01HD060478] NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 EI 1873-7757 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 37 IS 10 BP 778 EP 787 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.10.007 PG 10 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 237ZR UT WOS:000325910700008 PM 23290620 ER PT J AU Huang, KTL Owino, C Gramelspacher, GP Monahan, PO Tabbey, R Hagembe, M Strother, RM Njuguna, F Vreeman, RC AF Huang, Kristin T. L. Owino, Claudio Gramelspacher, Gregory P. Monahan, Patrick O. Tabbey, Rebeka Hagembe, Mildred Strother, Robert M. Njuguna, Festus Vreeman, Rachel C. TI Prevalence and Correlates of Pain and Pain Treatment in a Western Kenya Referral Hospital SO JOURNAL OF PALLIATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PALLIATIVE CARE; RATING-SCALES; CANCER PAIN; SOUTH-AFRICANS; SELF-REPORT; INTENSITY; MANAGEMENT; SYMPTOMS; BURDEN AB Background: Pain is often inadequately evaluated and treated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Objective: We sought to assess pain levels and pain treatment in 400 hospitalized patients at a national referral hospital in western Kenya, and to identify factors associated with pain and pain treatment. Design: Using face-validated Kiswahili versions of two single-item pain assessment tools, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R), we determined patients' pain levels. Additional data collected included patient demographics, prescribed analgesics, and administered analgesics. We calculated mean pain ratings and pain management index (PMI) scores. Results: Averaged between the NRS and FPS-R, 80.5% of patients endorsed a nonzero level of pain and 30% of patients reported moderate to severe pain. Older patients, patients with HIV, and cancer patients had higher pain ratings. Sixty-six percent of patients had been prescribed analgesics at some point during their hospitalization, the majority of which were nonopioids. A majority of patients (66%) had undertreated pain (negative scores on the PMI). Conclusion: This study shows that hospitalized patients in Kenya are experiencing pain and that this pain is often undertreated. C1 [Huang, Kristin T. L.; Owino, Claudio; Gramelspacher, Gregory P.; Hagembe, Mildred; Strother, Robert M.; Njuguna, Festus; Vreeman, Rachel C.] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Huang, Kristin T. L.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Owino, Claudio] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Eldoret, Kenya. [Gramelspacher, Gregory P.; Strother, Robert M.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Vreeman, Rachel C.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Monahan, Patrick O.; Tabbey, Rebeka] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Njuguna, Festus] Moi Teaching & Referral Hosp, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Huang, KTL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kthuang@partners.org OI Strother, Robert Matthew/0000-0001-8118-8954 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA082709] NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1096-6218 EI 1557-7740 J9 J PALLIAT MED JI J. Palliat. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1260 EP 1267 DI 10.1089/jpm.2013.0080 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 229LI UT WOS:000325265800022 PM 24032753 ER PT J AU Booth, RE Dvoryak, S Sung-Joon, M Brewster, JT Wendt, WW Corsi, KF Semerik, OY Strathdee, SA AF Booth, Robert E. Dvoryak, Sergey Sung-Joon, Min Brewster, John T. Wendt, William W. Corsi, Karen F. Semerik, Oleg Y. Strathdee, Steffanie A. TI Law Enforcement Practices Associated with HIV Infection Among Injection Drug Users in Odessa, Ukraine SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Injection drug user ( IDU); Law enforcement; Ukraine ID NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES; EASTERN-EUROPE; HARM REDUCTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RISK; POLICE; INTERVENTIONS; ENVIRONMENT; PREDICTORS; EPIDEMICS AB Despite HIV prevention efforts over the past 10 years in Odessa, Ukraine, HIV rates among injection drug users (IDUs) remain high. We explored whether IDUs' experiences with the police and court system in Odessa were associated with HIV serostatus, after controlling for other factors. Qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews with the police and members of court (N = 19), and focus groups with IDUs (N = 42), were employed to aid in developing a survey instrument for a larger quantitative phase and to assist in interpreting the findings from the quantitative phase, which included 200 participants who were interviewed and tested for HIV. Overall, 55 % tested positive for HIV. Negative experiences with the police were noted by 86 % and included having preloaded syringes taken (66 %), rushed injections due to fear of the police (57 %), police planting drugs (18 %), paying police to avoid arrest (61 %) and threatened by the police to inform on other IDUs (23 %). HIV positive participants were more likely than those who were negative to report these experiences. In a multiple logistic regression, the most significant correlate of HIV infection was rushed injections due to fear of the police. Police actions in Odessa may be contributing to the continued escalation of HIV among IDUs, underscoring the need for structural interventions. C1 [Booth, Robert E.; Sung-Joon, Min; Brewster, John T.; Corsi, Karen F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. [Dvoryak, Sergey] Ukrainian Inst Publ Hlth Policy, Kiev, Ukraine. [Wendt, William W.] Signal Behav Hlth, Denver, CO USA. [Semerik, Oleg Y.] USAID, Kiev, Ukraine. [Strathdee, Steffanie A.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Booth, RE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Project Safe 1741 Vine St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. EM Robert.booth@ucdenver.edu FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA024590, R21 DA024590] NR 69 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2604 EP 2614 DI 10.1007/s10461-013-0500-6 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 226IB UT WOS:000325027600004 PM 23754613 ER PT J AU Nicholson, MW AF Nicholson, Michael W. TI THE IMPACT OF TAX REGIMES ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE PATTERNS SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY EQUATION; HETEROGENEITY AB This paper discusses the trade implications of value-added taxes (VATs) that refund domestic taxes paid by exporters of domestic production while imposing taxes on imports of foreign production. VATs are used by over 140 countries of the world, including every member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development except the United States. An investigation of the implications of border-adjustable taxes on the U.S. trade balance suggests that VATs positively affect trade competitiveness but with differing impacts by sector. These results do not necessarily extend to the conclusion that a U.S. VAT would increase U.S. exports; such a prediction requires economic forecasting and appropriate simulations. The present results do imply that the adoption of VATs by other countries appears to have benefited U.S. trade. Panel data over 20 years, 29 industries, and 145 countries is used to conduct the analysis. (JEL F10, H20, K34) C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Off Econ Growth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Nicholson, MW (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Econ Growth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM mwnicholson@gmail.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD OCT PY 2013 VL 31 IS 4 BP 746 EP 761 DI 10.1111/j.1465-7287.2012.00321.x PG 16 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 204QD UT WOS:000323381900007 ER PT J AU Diala, CC Pennas, T Marin, C Belay, KA AF Diala, Chamberlain C. Pennas, Thaddeus Marin, Celeste Belay, Kassahun A. TI Perceptions of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) and barriers to adherence in Nasarawa and Cross River States in Nigeria SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria in pregnancy; Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy; Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; Antenatal care; Focus group discussions; In-depth individual interviews; Cross River State; Nasarawa State ID KNOWLEDGE; WOMEN AB Background: Malaria during pregnancy is dangerous to both mother and foetus. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) is a strategy where pregnant women in malaria-endemic countries receive full doses of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), whether or not they have malaria. The Nigerian government adopted IPTp as a national strategy in 2005; however, major gaps affecting perception, uptake, adherence, and scale-up remain. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in peri-urban and rural communities in Nasarawa and Cross River States in Nigeria. Study instruments were based on the socio-ecological model and its multiple levels of influences, taking into account individual, community, societal, and environmental contexts of behaviour and social change. Women of reproductive age, their front-line care providers, and (in Nasarawa only) their spouses participated in focus group discussions and in-depth individual interviews. Facility sampling was purposive to include tertiary, secondary and primary health facilities. Results: The study found that systems-based challenges (stockouts; lack of provider knowledge of IPTp protocols) coupled with individual women's beliefs and lack of understanding of IPT contribute to low uptake and adherence. Many pregnant women are reluctant to seek care for an illness they do not have. Those with malaria often prefer to self-medicate through drug shops or herbs, though those who seek clinic-based treatment trust their providers and willingly accept medicine prescribed. Conclusions: Failing to deliver complete IPTp to women attending antenatal care is a missed opportunity. While many obstacles are structural, programmes can target women, their communities and the health environment with specific interventions to increase IPTp uptake and adherence. C1 [Diala, Chamberlain C.; Pennas, Thaddeus] FHI360, Change Project C, Global Hlth Populat & Nutr Div, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Belay, Kassahun A.] US Agcy Int Dev USAID, Abuja, Nigeria. RP Diala, CC (reprint author), FHI360, Change Project C, Global Hlth Populat & Nutr Div, 1825 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20009 USA. EM cdiala@fhi360.org FU US Agency for International Development (USAID) [GPO-A-00-07-00004-00] FX This study was a collective effort of several partners, including the staff of the Centre for Research Evaluation and Resources Development (CRERD) in Nigeria who conducted focus groups and interviews led by Elizabeth Omoluabi. The authors are grateful to Patricia Choi, Susan Rogers and all those who participated in the study. The authors also thank the malaria stakeholders in Nigeria who pointed us in the right directions. Thanks also to those who reviewed the manuscript and gave comments on the initial drafts. This study is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the US Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of Agreement No. GPO-A-00-07-00004-00. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD SEP 23 PY 2013 VL 12 AR 342 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-12-342 PG 16 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 227JK UT WOS:000325108700002 PM 24059757 ER PT J AU Hooper, PJ Zoerhoff, KL Kyelem, D Chu, B Flueckiger, RM Bamani, S Bougma, WR Fleming, F Onapa, A Pare, AB Torres, S Traore, MO Tuinsma, M Linehan, M Baker, M AF Hooper, Pamela J. Zoerhoff, Kathryn L. Kyelem, Dominique Chu, Brian Flueckiger, Rebecca Mann Bamani, Sanoussi Bougma, Windtare Roland Fleming, Fiona Onapa, Ambrose Pare, Alain Brice Torres, Scott Traore, Mamadou Oumar Tuinsma, Marjon Linehan, Mary Baker, Margaret TI Short Report: The Effects of Integration on Financing and Coverage of Neglected Tropical Disease Programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; PREVENTIVE CHEMOTHERAPY; NATIONAL SCALE; IMPLEMENTATION AB When the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) began to support national programs integrating their neglected tropical disease (NTD) program activities, the expected impact on individual disease-specific programs was unclear, particularly with respect to program financing and coverage. To assess this impact, data were collected by NTD program managers and their non-governmental organization (NGO) partners in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Uganda from 2 years prior and 2 years after their individual programs received funding for an integrated NTD program. Findings show that these countries experienced some increases in overall funding available for integrated NTD programs, an expansion of geographical coverage and of the number of persons treated, and the addition of treatments targeted at new diseases. What is not clear is whether these achievements can be sustained if there are decreases in external support in the future. Seeking increased government commitment or sustained external donor support should be a top priority. C1 [Hooper, Pamela J.; Kyelem, Dominique; Chu, Brian; Flueckiger, Rebecca Mann] Task Force Global Hlth, Lymphat Filariasis Support Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. [Zoerhoff, Kathryn L.; Onapa, Ambrose; Torres, Scott] RTI Int, Ctr Int Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Bamani, Sanoussi; Pare, Alain Brice; Traore, Mamadou Oumar] Minist Sante, Programme Natl Lutte Cecite, Bamako, Mali. [Bougma, Windtare Roland] Minist Sante, Programme Natl Eliminat Filariose Lymphat, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [Fleming, Fiona] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Schistosomiasis Control Initiat, London, England. [Tuinsma, Marjon] Helen Keller Int, Bamako, Mali. [Linehan, Mary] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Baker, Margaret] Georgetown Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Hooper, PJ (reprint author), 325 Swanton Way, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. EM phooper@taskforce.org; kzoerhoff@rti.org; dkyelem@taskforce.org; bchu@taskforce.org; rmann@taskforce.org; pnlcsmb@orangemali.net; wrolandbougma@yahoo.fr; f.fleming@imperial.ac.uk; alainbricepare@yahoo.fr; storres@rti.org; traoremot@yahoo.fr; mtuinsma@hki.org; marylinehan609@gmail.com; mcb93@georgetown.edu FU American people through the USAID; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX This study is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the USAID. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USA ID or the United States Government. The authors are grateful to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for their financial support of the study. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 89 IS 3 BP 407 EP 410 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0018 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 240XB UT WOS:000326129900003 PM 23836563 ER PT J AU Freeman, MC Ogden, S Jacobson, J Abbott, D Addiss, DG Amnie, AG Beckwith, C Cairncross, S Callejas, R Colford, JM Emerson, PM Fenwick, A Fishman, R Gallo, K Grimes, J Karapetyan, G Keene, B Lammie, PJ MacArthur, C Lochery, P Petach, H Platt, J Prabasi, S Rosenboom, JW Roy, S Saywell, D Schechtman, L Tantri, A Velleman, Y Utzinger, J AF Freeman, Matthew C. Ogden, Stephanie Jacobson, Julie Abbott, Daniel Addiss, David G. Amnie, Asrat G. Beckwith, Colin Cairncross, Sandy Callejas, Rafael Colford, Jack M., Jr. Emerson, Paul M. Fenwick, Alan Fishman, Rebecca Gallo, Kerry Grimes, Jack Karapetyan, Gagik Keene, Brooks Lammie, Patrick J. MacArthur, Chad Lochery, Peter Petach, Helen Platt, Jennifer Prabasi, Sarina Rosenboom, Jan Willem Roy, Sharon Saywell, Darren Schechtman, Lisa Tantri, Anupama Velleman, Yael Utzinger, Juerg TI Integration of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for the Prevention and Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Rationale for Inter-Sectoral Collaboration SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HELMINTH INFECTIONS; NYANZA PROVINCE; SAFE STRATEGY; GUINEA WORM; PROGRAM; HEALTH; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; DRACUNCULIASIS; TRACHOMA; AFRICA AB Improvements of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure and appropriate health-seeking behavior are necessary for achieving sustained control, elimination, or eradication of many neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Indeed, the global strategies to fight NTDs include provision of WASH, but few programs have specific WASH targets and approaches. Collaboration between disease control programs and stakeholders in WASH is a critical next step. A group of stakeholders from the NTD control, child health, and WASH sectors convened in late 2012 to discuss opportunities for, and barriers to, collaboration. The group agreed on a common vision, namely "Disease-free communities that have adequate and equitable access to water and sanitation, and that practice good hygiene." Four key areas of collaboration were identified, including (i) advocacy, policy, and communication; (ii) capacity building and training; (iii) mapping, data collection, and monitoring; and (iv) research. We discuss strategic opportunities and ways forward for enhanced collaboration between the WASH and the NTD sectors. C1 [Freeman, Matthew C.; Ogden, Stephanie] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ogden, Stephanie; Addiss, David G.; Gallo, Kerry] Taskforce Global Hlth, Children Worms, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ogden, Stephanie; Beckwith, Colin] Taskforce Global Hlth, Int Trachoma Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Jacobson, Julie; Rosenboom, Jan Willem] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Abbott, Daniel] Save Children, Washington, DC USA. [Amnie, Asrat G.] Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Cairncross, Sandy] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. [Callejas, Rafael] Millennium Water Alliance, Washington, DC USA. [Colford, Jack M., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Emerson, Paul M.] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Fenwick, Alan; Grimes, Jack] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Schistosomiasis Control Initiat, London, England. [Fishman, Rebecca; Platt, Jennifer] WASH Advocates, Washington, DC USA. [Grimes, Jack] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, England. [Karapetyan, Gagik] World Vis, Washington, DC USA. [Keene, Brooks; Lochery, Peter] CARE Int, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lammie, Patrick J.] Taskforce Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Lammie, Patrick J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [MacArthur, Chad] Helen Keller Int, New York, NY USA. [Petach, Helen] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Prabasi, Sarina] ORBIS Int, New York, NY USA. [Roy, Sharon] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Waterborne Dis Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Saywell, Darren] Plan Int, Washington, DC USA. [Schechtman, Lisa] WaterAid Amer, Washington, DC USA. [Tantri, Anupama] Sabin Vaccine Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Velleman, Yael] WaterAid UK, London, England. [Utzinger, Juerg] Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland. [Utzinger, Juerg] Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland. RP Freeman, MC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mcfreem@emory.edu OI Grimes, Jack/0000-0002-9001-446X FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX The meeting that led to the current policy platform was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 7 IS 9 AR e2439 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002439 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 224WA UT WOS:000324920800044 PM 24086781 ER PT J AU Charles, B Jeyaseelan, L Sam, AE Pandian, A Thenmozhi, M Jeyaseelan, V AF Charles, Bimal Jeyaseelan, Lakshmanan Sam, Asirvatham Edwin Kumar Pandian, Arvind Thenmozhi, Mani Jeyaseelan, Visalakshi TI Trends in risk behaviors among female sex workers in south India: Priorities for sustaining the reversal of HIV epidemic SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; sexually transmitted infections; sexual risk behavior; structural interventions; female sex workers ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; COMMERCIAL SEX; CONDOM USE; PREVALENCE; SPREAD; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; DYNAMICS; CLIENTS AB HIV epidemic in India is predominantly concentrated in subgroups of population, such as female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients, whose behavior exposes them to a higher risk of acquiring HIV infection. This paper aims to present the changing patterns of socio-demographic characteristics, behaviors, reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and associated factors among FSWs over 11 years. Multistage cluster sampling with probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) method was used in the surveys. A sample of 400 FSWs was studied every year. The mean age and literacy at the baseline level increased significantly over the years. House-based sex increased by 40% from 43.3% in 1997 to 83% in 2008 (p<0.001). Condom use at last sex with one-time clients; consistent condom use (CCU) with one-time and regular clients indicated increasing trends. FSWs reported low levels of condom use at last sex (14.5% in 1997 to 5% in 2008; p<0.001) and CCU (12.6% in 2004 to 3.6% in 2008; p<0.01) with regular partners. FSWs who used condom with one-time clients at last sex reported significantly less STI symptoms. A two-third reduction in genital ulcers was found from 13.1% in 1997 to 4.5% in 2008 (p<0.001). Nonliterate and hotel-based sex workers were 1.6 (1.0-2.5; 95% CI) and 2.2(1.3-3.7; 95% CI) times more likely to have reported STI symptoms. The percentage of FSWs who underwent HIV testing increased (p<0.001); similarly, a 20% increase was found in FSWs who availed counseling services from 65.2% in 1997 to 85.4% in 2008 (p<0.001). Poor, illiterate, and marginalized were more likely to get involved in risky behaviors which suggest the need for structural interventions as part of HIV prevention strategy. C1 [Charles, Bimal; Sam, Asirvatham Edwin] AIDS Prevent & Control Project, Voluntary Hlth Serv, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. [Jeyaseelan, Lakshmanan; Thenmozhi, Mani; Jeyaseelan, Visalakshi] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. [Kumar Pandian, Arvind] US Agcy Int Dev, New Delhi, India. RP Sam, AE (reprint author), AIDS Prevent & Control Project, Voluntary Hlth Serv, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. EM aedwinsam@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1129 EP 1137 DI 10.1080/09540121.2012.752562 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 207VQ UT WOS:000323633200009 PM 23320501 ER PT J AU Polis, CB Curtis, KM AF Polis, Chelsea B. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Use of hormonal contraceptives and HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; MARGINAL STRUCTURAL MODELS; CONSISTENT CONDOM USE; SOUTH-AFRICA; SEX WORKERS; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; COMPETING RISKS; TRANSMISSION; UGANDA AB Whether or not the use of hormonal contraception affects risk of HIV acquisition is an important question for public health. We did a systematic review, searching PubMed and Embase, aiming to explore the possibility of an association between various forms of hormonal contraception and risk of HIV acquisition. We identified 20 relevant prospective studies, eight of which met our minimum quality criteria. Of these eight, all reported findings for progestin-only injectables, and seven also reported findings for oral contraceptive pills. Most of the studies that assessed the use of oral contraceptive pills showed no significant association with HIV acquisition. None of the three studies that assessed the use of injectable norethisterone enanthate showed a significant association with HIV acquisition. Studies that assessed the use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or non-specified injectable contraceptives had heterogeneous methods and mixed results, with some investigators noting a 1.5-2.2 times increased risk of HIV acquisition, and others reporting no association. Thus, some, but not all, observational data raise concern about a potential association between use of DMPA and risk of HIV acquisition. More definitive evidence for the existence and size of any potential effect could inform appropriate counselling and policy responses in countries with varied profiles of HIV risk, maternal mortality, and access to contraceptive services. C1 [Polis, Chelsea B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Curtis, Kathryn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Polis, CB (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Res Technol & Utilizat Div, Suite 315,1201 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM cpolis@usaid.gov OI Polis, Chelsea/0000-0002-1031-7074 NR 68 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 797 EP 808 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70155-5 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 205SU UT WOS:000323465900025 PM 23871397 ER PT J AU Peterson, TC Alexander, LV Allen, MR Anel, JA Barriopedro, D Black, MT Carey-Smith, T Castillo, R Cattiaux, J Chen, XL Chen, XY Chevallier, M Christidis, N Ciavarella, A de Vries, H Dean, SM Deans, K Diffenbaugh, NS Doblas-Reyes, F Donat, MG Dong, B Eilerts, G Funk, C Galu, G Garcia-Herrera, R Germe, A Gill, S Gimeno, L Guemas, V Herring, SC Hoell, A Hoerling, MP Huntingford, C Husak, G Imada, Y Ishii, M Karoly, DJ Kimoto, M King, AD Knutson, TR Lewis, SC Lin, RP Lyon, B Massey, N Mazza, E Michaelsen, J Mollard, J Mori, M Mote, PW Nieto, R Otto, FEL Park, J Perkins, SE Rosier, S Rowland, J Rupp, DE Salas y Melia, D Scherer, M Shiogama, H Shukla, S Song, FF Sparrow, S Scott, PA Sutton, R Sweet, W Tett, SFB Trigo, RM van Oldenborgh, GJ van Westrhenen, R Verdin, J Watanabe, M Wittenberg, AT Woollings, T Yiou, P Zeng, FR Zervas, C Zhang, R Zhou, TJ AF Peterson, Thomas C. Alexander, Lisa V. Allen, Myles R. Anel, Juan A. Barriopedro, David Black, Mitchell T. Carey-Smith, Trevor Castillo, Rodrigo Cattiaux, Julien Chen, Xiaolong Chen, Xianyan Chevallier, Matthieu Christidis, Nikolaos Ciavarella, Andrew de Vries, Hylke Dean, Sam M. Deans, Kirsten Diffenbaugh, Noah S. Doblas-Reyes, Francisco Donat, Markus G. Dong, Buwen Eilerts, Gary Funk, Chris Galu, Gideon Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo Germe, Agathe Gill, Stephen Gimeno, Luis Guemas, Virginie Herring, Stephanie C. Hoell, Andrew Hoerling, Martin P. Huntingford, Chris Husak, Greg Imada, Yukiko Ishii, Masayoshi Karoly, David J. Kimoto, Masahide King, Andrew D. Knutson, Thomas R. Lewis, Sophie C. Lin, Renping Lyon, Bradfield Massey, Neil Mazza, Edoardo Michaelsen, Joel Mollard, James Mori, Masato Mote, Philip W. Nieto, Raquel Otto, Friederike E. L. Park, Joseph Perkins, Sarah E. Rosier, Suzanne Rowland, James Rupp, David E. Salas y Melia, David Scherer, Martin Shiogama, Hideo Shukla, Shraddhanand Song, Fengfei Sparrow, Sarah Scott, Peter A. Sutton, Rowan Sweet, William Tett, Simon F. B. Trigo, Ricardo Machado van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan van Westrhenen, Rudolf Verdin, James Watanabe, Masahiro Wittenberg, Andrew T. Woollings, Tim Yiou, Pascal Zeng, Fanrong Zervas, Chris Zhang, Rong Zhou, Tianjun TI EXPLAINING EXTREME EVENTS OF 2012 FROM A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; HURRICANE SURGE THREAT; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; HEAT WAVES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; GREAT-PLAINS; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Alexander, Lisa V.; Donat, Markus G.; King, Andrew D.; Perkins, Sarah E.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Alexander, Lisa V.; Donat, Markus G.; King, Andrew D.; Perkins, Sarah E.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Allen, Myles R.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England. [Allen, Myles R.; Massey, Neil; Rosier, Suzanne; Sparrow, Sarah] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Anel, Juan A.; Massey, Neil] Univ Oxford, Smith Sch Enterprise & Environm, Oxford, England. [Anel, Juan A.; Castillo, Rodrigo; Gimeno, Luis; Nieto, Raquel] Univ Vigo, Fac Sci, EPhysLab, Orense, Spain. [Barriopedro, David; Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo] Univ Complutense, Fac Fis, Dto Fis Tierra 2, Madrid, Spain. [Barriopedro, David; Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo] IGEO CSIC UCM, Inst Geociencias, Madrid, Spain. [Black, Mitchell T.; Karoly, David J.; Lewis, Sophie C.] Univ Melbourne, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Black, Mitchell T.; Karoly, David J.; Lewis, Sophie C.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Carey-Smith, Trevor; Dean, Sam M.; Rosier, Suzanne] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand. [Cattiaux, Julien] UMR CNRS Meteo France, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Chen, Xiaolong; Lin, Renping; Song, Fengfei; Zhou, Tianjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianyan] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chevallier, Matthieu; Germe, Agathe; Guemas, Virginie; Salas y Melia, David] Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Grp Etude Atmosphere Meteorol, Meteo, France. [Chevallier, Matthieu; Germe, Agathe; Guemas, Virginie; Salas y Melia, David] CNRS, UMR3589, Toulouse, France. [Chevallier, Matthieu] MERCATOR OCEAN, Toulouse, France. [Christidis, Nikolaos; Ciavarella, Andrew; Scott, Peter A.] Met Office Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [de Vries, Hylke; van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan; van Westrhenen, Rudolf] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Deans, Kirsten; Mazza, Edoardo; Mollard, James; Tett, Simon F. B.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Scherer, Martin] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA USA. [Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Scherer, Martin] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA USA. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco; Guemas, Virginie] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Barcelona, Spain. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco] Inst Catalana Rec & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Dong, Buwen; Sutton, Rowan; Woollings, Tim] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Eilerts, Gary] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Funk, Chris; Hoell, Andrew; Husak, Greg; Michaelsen, Joel; Shukla, Shraddhanand] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Funk, Chris; Rowland, James] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Galu, Gideon] FEWS NET, Climate Hazards Grp, Nairobi, Kenya. [Gill, Stephen; Park, Joseph; Sweet, William; Zervas, Chris] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv NOS, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv COOPS, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Herring, Stephanie C.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Huntingford, Chris] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Imada, Yukiko; Kimoto, Masahide; Mori, Masato; Watanabe, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Chiba, Japan. [Ishii, Masayoshi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. [Knutson, Thomas R.; Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Zeng, Fanrong; Zhang, Rong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lyon, Bradfield] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Mote, Philip W.; Rupp, David E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Oregon Climate Change Res Inst, Corvallis, OR USA. [Otto, Friederike E. L.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England. NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Shiogama, Hideo] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Trigo, Ricardo Machado] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, IDL, Lisbon, Portugal. [Verdin, James] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Yiou, Pascal] CEA CNRS UVSQ, UMR 8212, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Yiou, Pascal] IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Mollard, James] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Thomas.C.Peterson@noaa.gov RI Guemas, Virginie/B-9090-2016; Sparrow, Sarah/D-7905-2016; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016; Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011; renping, lin/B-8432-2017; ZHOU, Tianjun/C-3195-2012; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Barriopedro, David/C-1421-2008; Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah/O-5042-2015; Rupp, David/G-8171-2014; Dean, Sam/F-7711-2011; Diffenbaugh, Noah/I-5920-2014; Shiogama, Hideo/B-9598-2012; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Tett, Simon/B-1504-2013; Huntingford, Chris/A-4307-2008; Karoly, David/C-8262-2011; Trigo, Ricardo/B-7044-2008; kimoto, masahide/P-9077-2014 OI Guemas, Virginie/0000-0002-6340-3558; Sparrow, Sarah/0000-0002-1802-6909; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686; Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457; renping, lin/0000-0003-2050-9413; ZHOU, Tianjun/0000-0002-5829-7279; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Barriopedro, David/0000-0001-6476-944X; Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah/0000-0001-9443-4915; Diffenbaugh, Noah/0000-0002-8856-4964; Shiogama, Hideo/0000-0001-5476-2148; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Tett, Simon/0000-0001-7526-560X; Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994; Trigo, Ricardo/0000-0002-4183-9852; NR 235 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 11 U2 63 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 94 IS 9 BP S1 EP S74 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00085.1 PG 74 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 227SQ UT WOS:000325135100001 ER PT J AU Rao, N Jeyaseelan, L Joy, A Kumar, VS Thenmozhi, M Acharya, S AF Rao, Neeta Jeyaseelan, L. Joy, Anna Kumar, V. Sampath Thenmozhi, M. Acharya, Smriti TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH-RISK BEHAVIOUR AMONG MIGRANTS IN THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA SO JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIV TRANSMISSION; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; CONDOM USE; MIGRATION; WORKERS; NEPAL; HIV/AIDS; MOBILITY AB Studies among migrants show that they are more susceptible to HIV infection than the general population and thereby spread the epidemic from high prevalence to low prevalence areas. It is therefore critical to enhance the body of knowledge on factors associated with condom use among migrants. This study, conducted in 2009 in the State of Maharashtra, covers 4595 single in-migrants aged 15-49 years and aims at understanding the factors associated with non-use of condoms consistently. Information was collected using a Structured Interview Schedule covering demographic, socioeconomic profile, sexual history, knowledge, behaviour and stigma and discrimination indicators. Logistic regression analysis was used to understand the association between unprotected sex and various socio-demographic and environmental factors. The models were run using the Enter method. The goodness-of-fit of the model was assessed using Hosmer and Lemeshow chi-squared statistics. A significant association is observed between sex with sex workers and older migrants (> 24 years), the literate, those who are mobile, unmarried, employed in the textile, quarry and construction industries, who often consume alcohol and who watch pornographic films. The factors associated with unprotected sex are age between 30 and 34 years and no literacy. Migrants who are mobile and consume alcohol show a significant association with unprotected sex. The findings suggest a need for a comprehensive HIV prevention programme including strategies to address the stressful work conditions. The prevention programmes should focus not only on skills for safer sex practices, but also on alcohol use reduction. C1 [Rao, Neeta; Joy, Anna; Acharya, Smriti] Avert Soc, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. [Jeyaseelan, L.; Thenmozhi, M.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. [Kumar, V. Sampath] US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth Off, New Delhi, India. RP Jeyaseelan, L (reprint author), Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. EM ljey@cmcvellore.ac.in NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0021-9320 J9 J BIOSOC SCI JI J. Biosoc. Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 45 IS 5 BP 627 EP 641 DI 10.1017/S0021932013000047 PG 15 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 187MF UT WOS:000322122500004 PM 23458913 ER PT J AU Landry, E Frajzyngier, V Ruminjo, J Asiimwe, F Barry, TH Bello, A Danladi, D Ganda, SO Idris, S Inoussa, M Kanoma, B Lynch, M Mussell, F Podder, DC Wali, A Mielke, E Barone, MA AF Landry, Evelyn Frajzyngier, Vera Ruminjo, Joseph Asiimwe, Frank Barry, Thierno Hamidou Bello, Abubakar Danladi, Dantani Ganda, Sanda Oumarou Idris, Sa'ad Inoussa, Maman Kanoma, Bashir Lynch, Maura Mussell, Felicity Podder, Dulal Chandra Wali, Abba Mielke, Erin Barone, Mark A. TI Profiles and experiences of women undergoing genital fistula repair: Findings from five countries SO GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE genital fistula; patient characteristics; developing countries; quality of life; socio-cultural factors ID OBSTETRIC FISTULA; FOLLOW-UP; ETHIOPIA AB This article presents data from 1354 women from five countries who participated in a prospective cohort study conducted between 2007 and 2010. Women undergoing surgery for fistula repair were interviewed at the time of admission, discharge, and at a 3-month follow-up visit. While women's experiences differed across countries, a similar picture emerges across countries: women married young, most were married at the time of admission, had little education, and for many, the fistula occurred after the first pregnancy. Median age at the time of fistula occurrence was 20.0 years (interquartile range 17.3-26.8). Half of the women attended some antenatal care (ANC); among those who attended ANC, less than 50% recalled being told about signs of pregnancy complications. At follow-up, most women (even those who were not dry) reported improvements in many aspects of social life, however, reported improvements varied by repair outcome. Prevention and treatment programmes need to recognise the supportive role that husbands, partners, and families play as women prepare for safe delivery. Effective treatment and support programmes are needed for women who remain incontinent after surgery. C1 [Landry, Evelyn; Frajzyngier, Vera; Ruminjo, Joseph; Barone, Mark A.] EngenderHealth, New York, NY USA. [Frajzyngier, Vera] Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Asiimwe, Frank] Kagando Mission Hosp, Kagando, Kasese District, Uganda. [Barry, Thierno Hamidou] Prefectoral Hosp Kissidougou, Kissidougou, Guinea. [Ganda, Sanda Oumarou] Lamorde Hosp, Niamey, Niger. [Inoussa, Maman] Maradi Hosp, Maradi, Niger. [Lynch, Maura] Kitovu Mission Hosp, Masaka, Uganda. [Mussell, Felicity] LAMB Hosp, Parbatipur, Bangladesh. [Podder, Dulal Chandra] Kumudini Hosp, Narayanganj, Bangladesh. [Mielke, Erin] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Landry, E (reprint author), EngenderHealth, New York, NY USA. EM elandry@engenderhealth.org NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1744-1692 J9 GLOB PUBLIC HEALTH JI Glob. Public Health PD AUG 7 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 8 BP 926 EP 942 DI 10.1080/17441692.2013.824018 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 223ZL UT WOS:000324850900004 PM 23947903 ER PT J AU Suthar, AB Ford, N Bachanas, PJ Wong, VJ Rajan, JS Saltzman, AK Ajose, O Fakoya, AO Granich, RM Negussie, EK Baggaley, RC AF Suthar, Amitabh B. Ford, Nathan Bachanas, Pamela J. Wong, Vincent J. Rajan, Jay S. Saltzman, Alex K. Ajose, Olawale Fakoya, Ade O. Granich, Reuben M. Negussie, Eyerusalem K. Baggaley, Rachel C. TI Towards Universal Voluntary HIV Testing and Counselling: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Community-Based Approaches SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED TRIAL; RURAL SOUTH-AFRICA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; WESTERN KENYA; CLIENT CHARACTERISTICS; DEMONSTRATION PROJECT; WORKPLACE PROGRAM; HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS AB Background: Effective national and global HIV responses require a significant expansion of HIV testing and counselling (HTC) to expand access to prevention and care. Facility-based HTC, while essential, is unlikely to meet national and global targets on its own. This article systematically reviews the evidence for community-based HTC. Methods and Findings: PubMed was searched on 4 March 2013, clinical trial registries were searched on 3 September 2012, and Embase and the World Health Organization Global Index Medicus were searched on 10 April 2012 for studies including community-based HTC (i.e., HTC outside of health facilities). Randomised controlled trials, and observational studies were eligible if they included a community-based testing approach and reported one or more of the following outcomes: uptake, proportion receiving their first HIV test, CD4 value at diagnosis, linkage to care, HIV positivity rate, HTC coverage, HIV incidence, or cost per person tested (outcomes are defined fully in the text). The following community-based HTC approaches were reviewed: (1) door-to-door testing (systematically offering HTC to homes in a catchment area), (2) mobile testing for the general population (offering HTC via a mobile HTC service), (3) index testing (offering HTC to household members of people with HIV and persons who may have been exposed to HIV), (4) mobile testing for men who have sex with men, (5) mobile testing for people who inject drugs, (6) mobile testing for female sex workers, (7) mobile testing for adolescents, (8) self-testing, (9) workplace HTC, (10) church-based HTC, and (11) school-based HTC. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and the Cochrane Collaboration's "risk of bias'' tool were used to assess the risk of bias in studies with a comparator arm included in pooled estimates. 117 studies, including 864,651 participants completing HTC, met the inclusion criteria. The percentage of people offered community-based HTC who accepted HTC was as follows: index testing, 88% of 12,052 participants; self-testing, 87% of 1,839 participants; mobile testing, 87% of 79,475 participants; door-to-door testing, 80% of 555,267 participants; workplace testing, 67% of 62,406 participants; and school-based testing, 62% of 2,593 participants. Mobile HTC uptake among key populations (men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, female sex workers, and adolescents) ranged from 9% to 100% (among 41,110 participants across studies), with heterogeneity related to how testing was offered. Community-based approaches increased HTC uptake (relative risk [RR] 10.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.27-18.08), the proportion of first-time testers (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06-1.42), and the proportion of participants with CD4 counts above 350 cells/mu l (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.16-1.74), and obtained a lower positivity rate (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.96), relative to facility-based approaches. 80% (95% CI 75%-85%) of 5,832 community-based HTC participants obtained a CD4 measurement following HIV diagnosis, and 73% (95% CI 61%-85%) of 527 community-based HTC participants initiated antiretroviral therapy following a CD4 measurement indicating eligibility. The data on linking participants without HIV to prevention services were limited. In low and middle-income countries, the cost per person tested ranged from US$2-US$126. At the population level, community-based HTC increased HTC coverage (RR 7.07, 95% CI 3.52-14.22) and reduced HIV incidence (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73-1.02), although the incidence reduction lacked statistical significance. No studies reported any harm arising as a result of having been tested. Conclusions: Community-based HTC achieved high rates of HTC uptake, reached people with high CD4 counts, and linked people to care. It also obtained a lower HIV positivity rate relative to facility-based approaches. Further research is needed to further improve acceptability of community-based HTC for key populations. HIV programmes should offer community-based HTC linked to prevention and care, in addition to facility-based HTC, to support increased access to HIV prevention, care, and treatment. C1 [Suthar, Amitabh B.; Ford, Nathan; Negussie, Eyerusalem K.; Baggaley, Rachel C.] WHO, Dept HIV AIDS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bachanas, Pamela J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wong, Vincent J.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Rajan, Jay S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Saltzman, Alex K.] Cornell Univ, Sch Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Ajose, Olawale] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Boston, MA USA. [Fakoya, Ade O.] Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. [Granich, Reuben M.] Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Suthar, AB (reprint author), WHO, Dept HIV AIDS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM amitabh.suthar@gmail.com NR 176 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 9 U2 34 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 10 IS 8 AR e1001496 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001496 PG 23 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 219SS UT WOS:000324530200003 PM 23966838 ER PT J AU Estacio, EV Comings, J AF Estacio, Emee Vida Comings, John TI Health literacy: Exploring future directions and potential contributions from health psychology SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE health-care system; health literacy; health promotion; health psychology; participation ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; OUTCOMES; COMMUNICATION; POPULATION AB Health psychology has the potential to contribute meaningfully to our understanding of the concept, processes, and outcomes of health literacy. Three areas for discussion are presented here: (1) health literacy as a multimodal concept; (2) the role of the health-care system, the professional, and tools of the trade; and (3) the relevance of social context, participation, and empowerment. The three levels of health literacy proposed by Nutbeam are mapped onto the four evolving approaches in health psychology proposed by Marks to explore the synergy between these research areas. It is hoped that this Special Section on Health Literacy will generate more discussion and activity among health psychologists into health literacy research and practice. C1 [Estacio, Emee Vida] Keele Univ, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Comings, John] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Estacio, EV (reprint author), Keele Univ, Sch Psychol, Dorothy Hodgkin Bldg, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. EM e.v.g.estacio@keele.ac.uk NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1359-1053 J9 J HEALTH PSYCHOL JI J. Health Psychol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 18 IS 8 SI SI BP 997 EP 1003 DI 10.1177/1359105313476978 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 189BR UT WOS:000322242500001 PM 23479304 ER PT J AU Stander, EK Rowe, AA Borst, M O'Connor, TP AF Stander, Emilie K. Rowe, Amy A. Borst, Michael O'Connor, Thomas P. TI Novel Use of Time Domain Reflectometry in Infiltration-Based Low Impact Development Practices SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Sustainable development; Pavements; Permeability; Water content; Infiltration; Stormwater management; Runoff; Irrigation; Low impact development (LID); Time domain reflectometry (TDR); Water content reflectometers (WCR); Permeable pavement; Rain gardens; Volumetric water content (VWC); Apparent permittivity ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; ELECTROMAGNETIC DETERMINATION; NORTH-CAROLINA; BIORETENTION; CALIBRATION; TDR; PERFORMANCE; HYDROLOGY; MOISTURE; MITIGATION AB Low impact development (LID) practices intercept storm-water runoff and infiltrate it through a range of media types and underlying soils. Hydrologic performance is typically evaluated by comparing inlet and underdrain outlet flows, but there is no standard practice for defining and measuring performance in LID structures designed without underdrains that infiltrate into the ground. Water content reflectometer (WCR) sensors were installed in the aggregate storage layer under permeable pavement and rain garden media to test their ability to measure the size and timing of the wetting front in infiltrating LID practices. WCR data were also used to monitor infiltration rates in the underlying soil beneath both practices. Bench-scale testing was performed to quantify the response of WCRs to saturated and unsaturated conditions and calibrate sensors to a range of water content values. Bench-scale testing revealed that WCRs installed in the aggregate were calibrated to volumetric water content (VWC) as the aggregate approached saturation. At partial saturation levels, however, mixing models did not accurately predict VWC; apparent permittivity is therefore the appropriate response metric to use under unsaturated flow conditions in the aggregate. WCR responses to a wide range of storm characteristics during the first 6 months of parking-lot and rain-garden monitoring are presented. These monitoring data demonstrated the effects of parking surface and rain-garden cell size on the maximum magnitude of WCR response, time lag from the onset of rain to WCR response, and degree of return to antecedent water content conditions following the end of the storm event. Spatial and temporal variability outweighed any effects of parking surface or cell size on wetting front rates in underlying soil. Methods to protect WCRs placed in the aggregate layer from construction activities of the permeable parking lot are also discussed. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Stander, Emilie K.] US Agcy Int Dev, Amer Assoc Adv Sci & Technol, Off Nat Resources Management, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Rowe, Amy A.] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Agr Expt Stn, Roseland, NJ 07068 USA. [Borst, Michael; O'Connor, Thomas P.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div,Urban Watershe, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. RP O'Connor, TP (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Water Supply & Water Resources Div,Urban Watershe, 2890 Woodbridge Ave,MS 104, Edison, NJ 08837 USA. EM estander@usaid.gov; rowe@njaes.rutgers.edu; borst.mike@epa.gov; oconnor.thomas@epa.gov OI O'Connor, Thomas/0000-0002-5643-644X FU U.S. Dept. of Energy; U.S. EPA FX This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Dept. of Energy and U.S. EPA. The authors wish to acknowledge PARS Environmental, S&E, and LNT for technical and construction support during the course of this study. Carolyn Esposito, Anthony Tafuri, and Thomas Speth provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Robert Brown provided additional comments and insights during the review period. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 67 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 8 BP 625 EP 634 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000595 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 180SL UT WOS:000321616600003 ER PT J AU Desai, M Phillips-Howard, PA Odhiambo, FO Katana, A Ouma, P Hamel, MJ Omoto, J Macharia, S van Eijk, A Ogwang, S Slutsker, L Laserson, KF AF Desai, Meghna Phillips-Howard, Penelope A. Odhiambo, Frank O. Katana, Abraham Ouma, Peter Hamel, Mary J. Omoto, Jackton Macharia, Sheila van Eijk, Annemieke Ogwang, Sheila Slutsker, Laurence Laserson, Kayla F. TI An Analysis of Pregnancy-Related Mortality in the KEMRI/CDC Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Western Kenya SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INTERMITTENT PREVENTIVE TREATMENT; TREATED BED NETS; MATERNAL MORTALITY; VERBAL AUTOPSY; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; INDUCED-ABORTION; ADULT DEATHS; MALARIA; CARE; INTERVENTIONS AB Background: Pregnancy-related (PR) deaths are often a result of direct obstetric complications occurring at childbirth. Methods and Findings: To estimate the burden of and characterize risk factors for PR mortality, we evaluated deaths that occurred between 2003 and 2008 among women of childbearing age (15 to 49 years) using Health and Demographic Surveillance System data in rural western Kenya. WHO ICD definition of PR mortality was used: "the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the cause of death''. In addition, symptoms and events at the time of death were examined using the WHO verbal autopsy methodology. Deaths were categorized as either (i) directly PR: main cause of death was ascribed as obstetric, or (ii) indirectly PR: main cause of death was non-obstetric. Of 3,223 deaths in women 15 to 49 years, 249 (7.7%) were PR. One-third (34%) of these were due to direct obstetric causes, predominantly postpartum hemorrhage, abortion complications and puerperal sepsis. Two-thirds were indirect; three-quarters were attributable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS), malaria and tuberculosis. Significantly more women who died in lower socio-economic groups sought care from traditional birth attendants (p = 0.034), while less impoverished women were more likely to seek hospital care (p = 0.001). The PR mortality ratio over the six years was 740 (95% CI 651-838) per 100,000 live births, with no evidence of reduction over time (chi(2) linear trend = 1.07; p = 0.3). Conclusions: These data supplement current scanty information on the relationship between infectious diseases and poor maternal outcomes in Africa. They indicate low uptake of maternal health interventions in women dying during pregnancy and postpartum, suggesting improved access to and increased uptake of skilled obstetric care, as well as preventive measures against HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis among all women of childbearing age may help to reduce pregnancy-related mortality. C1 [Desai, Meghna; Katana, Abraham; Ouma, Peter] KEMRI CDC Res & Publ Hlth Collaborat, Malaria Branch, Kisumu, Kenya. [Desai, Meghna; Hamel, Mary J.; Slutsker, Laurence; Laserson, Kayla F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Phillips-Howard, Penelope A.; van Eijk, Annemieke] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Dept Clin Sci, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Odhiambo, Frank O.; Ogwang, Sheila; Laserson, Kayla F.] KEMRI CDC Res & Publ Hlth Collaborat, Hlth & Demog Surveillance Syst Branch, Kisumu, Kenya. [Omoto, Jackton] Minist Hlth, Siaya Dist Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Siaya, Kenya. [Macharia, Sheila] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Desai, M (reprint author), KEMRI CDC Res & Publ Hlth Collaborat, Malaria Branch, Kisumu, Kenya. EM mdesai@ke.cdc.gov OI Phillips-Howard, Penelope A/0000-0003-1018-116X FU US Presidents Malaria Initiative (PMI); The President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); The Gates Foundation; European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP); UK Department for International Development; US Agency for International Development, US government collaboration on the Global Health Initiative FX HDSS and field staff funding support is acknowledged through individual grants, mainly through The US Presidents Malaria Initiative (PMI), The President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), The Gates Foundation, The European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), and the UK Department for International Development, and through base support from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Partial funding for this analysis came from the US Agency for International Development as part of the US government collaboration on the Global Health Initiative. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 16 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 7 AR e68733 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0068733 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 186SF UT WOS:000322064300066 PM 23874741 ER PT J AU Choi, Y Ametepi, P AF Choi, Yoonjoung Ametepi, Paul TI Comparison of medicine availability measurements at health facilities: evidence from Service Provision Assessment surveys in five sub-Saharan African countries SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Medicine availability; Survey methodology; Health facility assessment; Health systems AB Background: With growing emphasis on health systems strengthening in global health, various health facility assessment methods have been used increasingly to measure medicine and commodity availability. However, few studies have systematically compared estimates of availability based on different definitions. The objective of this study was to compare estimates of medicine availability based on different definitions. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the Service Provision Assessment (SPA) - a nationally representative sample survey of health facilities - conducted in five countries: Kenya SPA 2010, Namibia SPA 2009, Rwanda SPA 2007, Tanzania SPA 2006, and Uganda SPA 2007. For 32 medicines, percent of facilities having the medicine were estimated using five definitions: four for current availability and one for six-month period availability. 'Observed availability of at least one valid unit' was used as a reference definition, and ratios between the reference and each of the other four estimates were calculated. Summary statistics of the ratios among the 32 medicines were calculated by country. The ratios were compared further between public and non-public facilities within each country. Results: Across five countries, compared to current observed availability of at least one valid unit, 'reported availability without observation' was on average 6% higher (ranging from 3% in Rwanda to 8% in Namibia), 'observed availability where all units were valid' was 11% lower (ranging from 2% in Tanzania to 19% in Uganda), and 'six-month period availability' was 14% lower (ranging from 5% in Namibia to 25% in Uganda). Conclusions: Medicine availability estimates vary substantially across definitions, and need to be interpreted with careful consideration of the methods used. C1 [Choi, Yoonjoung] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Ametepi, Paul] ICF Int, MEASURE DHS, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. RP Choi, Y (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, 1201 Penn Ave NW,Suite 200, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM ychoi@usaid.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6963 J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES JI BMC Health Serv. Res. PD JUL 9 PY 2013 VL 13 AR UNSP 266 DI 10.1186/1472-6963-13-266 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 182ZY UT WOS:000321784600001 PM 23837467 ER PT J AU Justman, J Goldberg, A Reed, J Bock, N Njeuhmeli, E Thomas, AG AF Justman, Jessica Goldberg, Allison Reed, Jason Bock, Naomi Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Thomas, Anne Goldzier TI Adult Male Circumcision: Reflections on Successes and Challenges SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE male circumcision; global scale-up; diffusion of innovation models ID HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; INFECTION; RISK; MEN AB Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a cost-effective HIV-prevention intervention that reduces the risk of HIV acquisition in men by 60%. Although some countries are successfully scaling up VMMC, not all are doing this. When VMMC scale-up experiences are viewed in the context of models for the diffusion of innovation, some important themes emerge. Successful VMMC programs have in common locally led campaigns, a cultural tolerance of VMMC, strong political leadership and coordination, and adequate human and material resources. Challenges with VMMC scale-up have been marked by less flexible implementation models that seek a full-integration of VMMC services at public medical facilities and by struggles to achieve geographic parity in access to care. Innovation diffusion models, especially the endogenous technology model, and multiple levels of influence on diffusion-individual males and their sex partners, communities, and health systems-remind us that the adoption of a prevention intervention, such as VMMC, is expected to start out slowly and, as information spreads, gradually speed up. In addition, the diffusion models suggest that customizing approaches to different populations is likely to accelerate VMMC scale-up and help achieve a long-term, sustainable impact on the HIV epidemic. C1 [Justman, Jessica] Columbia Univ, ICAP Columbia, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Justman, Jessica; Goldberg, Allison] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Reed, Jason] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. [Bock, Naomi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Thomas, Anne Goldzier] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Justman, J (reprint author), ICAP Columbia, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 722 West 168th St,Room 1315, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM jj2158@columbia.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 63 SU 2 BP S140 EP S143 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 300JD UT WOS:000330459300006 PM 23764626 ER PT J AU Suddick, EC Ngugi, MK Paustian, K Six, J AF Suddick, Emma C. Ngugi, Moffatt K. Paustian, Keith Six, Johan TI Monitoring soil carbon will prepare growers for a carbon trading system SO CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA; EMISSIONS; STABILIZATION AB California growers could reap financial benefits from the low-carbon economy and cap-and-trade system envisioned by the state's AB 32 law, which seeks to lower greenhouse gas emissions statewide. Growers could gain carbon credits by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and sequestering carbon through reduced tillage and increased biomass residue incorporation. First, however, baseline stocks of soil carbon need to be assessed for various cropping systems and management practices. We designed and set up a pilot soil carbon and land-use monitoring network at several perennial cropping systems in Northern California. We compared soil carbon content in two vineyards and two orchards (walnut and almond), looking at conventional and conservation management practices, as well as in native grassland and oak woodland. We then calculated baseline estimates of the total carbon in almond, wine grape and walnut acreages statewide. The organic walnut orchard had the highest total soil carbon, and no-till vineyards had 27% more carbon in the surface soil than tilled vineyards. We estimated wine grape vineyards are storing significantly more soil carbon per acre than almond and walnut orchards. The data can be used to provide accurate information about soil carbon stocks in perennial cropping systems for a future carbon trading system. C1 [Suddick, Emma C.; Ngugi, Moffatt K.; Six, Johan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Suddick, Emma C.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Ngugi, Moffatt K.] USAID, USDA FAS, Washington, DC USA. [Paustian, Keith] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Six, Johan] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, World Food Syst Ctr, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Suddick, EC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) FX Funding was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). We wish to acknowledge Robert Rousseau for his excellent help both in the laboratory and in the field and Cherry Lai for all her help with microbalancing. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 38 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA, OAKLAND, DIVISION AGRICULTURE & NATURAL RESOURCES PI RICHMOND PA 1301 S 46 ST, RICHMOND, CA 94804 USA SN 0008-0845 J9 CALIF AGR JI Calif. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 2013 VL 67 IS 3 SI SI BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.3733/ca.v067n03p162 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 216TQ UT WOS:000324307800009 ER PT J AU Pallister, JS Schneider, DJ Griswold, JP Keeler, RH Burton, WC Noyles, C Newhall, CG Ratdomopurbo, A AF Pallister, John S. Schneider, David J. Griswold, Julia P. Keeler, Ronald H. Burton, William C. Noyles, Christopher Newhall, Christopher G. Ratdomopurbo, Antonius TI Merapi 2010 eruption-Chronology and extrusion rates monitored with satellite radar and used in eruption forecasting SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Radar; Probabilistic eruption forecasting; Crisis response; Eruption rates; Lava dome; Pyroclastic flow; Merapi ID CENTRAL JAVA; INDONESIA; VOLCANO AB Despite dense cloud cover, satellite-borne commercial Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) enabled frequent monitoring of Merapi volcano's 2010 eruption. Near-real-time interpretation of images derived from the amplitude of the SAR signals and timely delivery of these interpretations to those responsible for warnings, allowed satellite remote sensing for the first time to play an equal role with in situ seismic, geodetic and gas monitoring in guiding life-saving decisions during a major volcanic crisis. Our remotely sensed data provide an observational chronology for the main phase of the 2010 eruption, which lasted 12 days (26 October-7 November, 2010). Unlike the prolonged low-rate and relatively low explosivity dome-forming and collapse eruptions of recent decades at Merapi, the eruption began with an explosive eruption that produced a new summit crater on 26 October and was accompanied by an ash column and pyroclastic flows that extended 8 km down the flanks. This initial explosive event was followed by smaller explosive eruptions on 29 October-1 November, then by a period of rapid dome growth on 1-4 November, which produced a summit lava dome with a volume of similar to 5 x 10(6) m(3). A paroxysmal VEI 4 magmatic eruption (with ash column to 17 km altitude) destroyed this dome, greatly enlarged the new summit crater and produced extensive pyroclastic flows (to similar to 16 km radial distance in the Gendol drainage) and surges during the night of 4-5 November. The paroxysmal eruption was followed by a period of jetting of gas and tephra and by a second short period (12 h) of rapid dome growth on 6 November. The eruption ended with low-level ash and steam emissions that buried the 6 November dome with tephra and continued at low levels until seismicity decreased to background levels by about 23 November. Our near-real-time commercial SAR documented the explosive events on 26 October and 4-5 November and high rates of dome growth (>25 m(3) s(-1)). An event tree analysis for the previous 2006 Merapi eruption indicated that for lava dome extrusion rates >1.2 m(3) s(-1), the probability of a large (1872-scale) eruption was similar to 10%. Consequently, the order-of-magnitude greater rates in 2010, along with the explosive start of the eruption on 26 October, the large volume of lava accumulating at the summit by 4 November, and the rapid and large increases in seismic energy release, deformation and gas emissions were the basis for warnings of an unusually large eruption by the Indonesian Geological Agency's Center for Volcanology and Geologic Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) and their Volcano Research and Technology Development Center (BPPTK) in Yogyakarta - warnings that saved thousands of lives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pallister, John S.; Griswold, Julia P.] US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98604 USA. [Pallister, John S.; Griswold, Julia P.] US Agcy Int Dev, VDAP, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98604 USA. [Schneider, David J.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Keeler, Ronald H.; Burton, William C.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Noyles, Christopher] US Bur Land Management, Alaska State Off, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. [Newhall, Christopher G.; Ratdomopurbo, Antonius] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. RP Pallister, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98604 USA. EM jpallist@usgs.gov FU USAID's Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance; Indonesian Geological Agency (GA) FX We acknowledge the extraordinary efforts, leadership, and friendship of the Director of CVGHM Surono and his colleagues at the BPPTK in Yogyakarta for their life-saving efforts during the 2010 eruption. We also acknowledge the remarkable international collaboration involved in the response to the eruption and subsequent research and we thank Philippe Jousset (Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minferes, now at Deutsches GeoForschungs Zentrum) for his leadership in this effort. We benefited from support of USAID's Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and the Indonesian Geological Agency (GA) to the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program for work in Indonesia and we thank the U.S. Embassy and USAID mission in Jakarta for their assistance and support, as well as colleagues in the USGS for their remote sensing support and around-the-clock monitoring. In this regard, we particularly thank USGS colleagues Michelle Coombs, Tina Neal and Brenda Jones for their assistance. Satellite remote sensing data were provided by the German and Canadian Space Agencies, through the International Charter for Space and Major Disasters and courtesy of GeoEye and Digital Globe. We thank the imagery providers for their rapid and life-saving response to the eruption and for permissions to use their imagery. RADARSAT-2 images provided by MacDonald Dettwiller and Associates Ltd., TerraSAR-X images provided by the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR). IKONOS image provided by Satellite Imaging Corporation and WorldView-2 image provided by Digital Globe. This manuscript was improved by constructive reviews by Michelle Coombs of USGS and by two anonymous journal reviewers. NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 261 SI SI BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.07.012 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 214RV UT WOS:000324154400011 ER PT J AU Sileshi, B Deyessa, N Girma, B Melese, M Suarez, P AF Sileshi, Balewgizie Deyessa, Negussie Girma, Belaineh Melese, Muluken Suarez, Pedro TI Predictors of mortality among TB-HIV Co-infected patients being treated for tuberculosis in Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Predictors; Mortality; TB-HIV; Co-infection ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RISK-FACTORS; THAILAND; DEATH; SURVIVAL; CARE AB Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality in high HIV-prevalence populations. HIV is driving the TB epidemic in many countries, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to assess predictors of mortality among TB-HIV co-infected patients being treated for TB in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted between April, 2009 and January, 2012. Based on TB, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and pre-ART registration records, TB-HIV co-infected patients were categorized into "On ART" and "Non-ART" cohorts. A Chi-square test and a T-test were used to compare categorical and continuous variables between the two groups, respectively. A Kaplan-Meier test was used to estimate the probability of death after TB diagnosis. A log-rank test was used to compare overall mortality between the two groups. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine factors associated with death after TB diagnosis. Results: A total of 422 TB-HIV co-infected patients (i.e., 272 On ART and 150 Non-ART patients) were included for a median of 197 days. The inter-quartile range (IQR) for On ART patients was 140 to 221 days and the IQR for Non-ART patients was 65.5 to 209.5 days. In the Non-ART cohort, more TB-HIV co-infected patients died during TB treatment: 44 (29.3%) Non-ART patients died, as compared to 49 (18%) On ART patients died. Independent predictors of mortality during TB treatment included: receiving ART (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) = 0.35 [0.19-0.64]); not having initiated cotrimoxazole prophylactic therapy (CPT) (AHR = 3.03 [1.58-5.79]); being ambulatory (AHR = 2.10 [1.22-3.62]); CD4 counts category being 0-75cells/micro liter, 75-150 cells/micro liter, or 150-250 cells/micro liter (AHR = 4.83 [1.98-11.77], 3.57 [1.48-8.61], and 3.07 [1.33-7.07], respectively); and treatment in a hospital (AHR = 2.64 [1.51-4.62]). Conclusions: Despite the availability of free ART from health institutions in Northwest Ethiopia, mortality was high among TB-HIV co-infected patients, and strongly associated with the absence of ART during TB treatment. In addition cotrimoxazol prophylactic therapy remained important factor in reduction of mortality during TB treatment. The study also noted importance of early ART even at higher CD4 counts. C1 [Sileshi, Balewgizie] Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Harar, Ethiopia. [Deyessa, Negussie] Univ Addis Ababa, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Girma, Belaineh; Melese, Muluken] USAID Management Sci Hlth MSH, Help Ethiopia Address Low TB HEAL TB Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Suarez, Pedro] Management Sci Hlth, Arlington, VA USA. RP Sileshi, B (reprint author), Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Harar, Ethiopia. EM bg.sileshi@gmail.com RI Sileshi, Balewgizie/K-6117-2016 OI Sileshi, Balewgizie/0000-0001-9420-0043 FU The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) FX The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) funded the research discussed in this article. The views expressed in this publication are the responsibility of authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 13 AR 297 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-13-297 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 179MC UT WOS:000321523400001 PM 23815342 ER PT J AU Dossa, EL Diedhiou, I Khouma, M Sene, M Badiane, AN Samba, SAN Assigbetse, KB Sall, S Lufafa, A Kizito, F Dick, RP Saxena, J AF Dossa, Ekwe L. Diedhiou, Ibrahima Khouma, Mamadou Sene, Modou Badiane, Aminata N. Samba, Samba A. Ndiaye Assigbetse, Komi B. Sall, Saidou Lufafa, Abel Kizito, Fred Dick, Richard P. Saxena, Jyotisna TI Crop Productivity and Nutrient Dynamics in a Shrub-Based Farming System of the Sahel SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SENEGAL PEANUT BASIN; NATIVE SHRUB; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL FERTILITY; PEARL-MILLET; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SEMIARID NIGER; NITROGEN; CARBON; PHOSPHORUS AB Piliostigma reticulatum (DC.) Hochst., an indigenous shrub, forms an important vegetative component of parkland cropping systems in the Sahel; however, its biophysical interactions with soil and crops are not well understood. Therefore, the objectives were to determine the impact of P. reticulatum, under varying fertilizer rates, on crop yield response and soil nutrient dynamics. The experiment had a split-plot factorial design, where the main plot was shrub (presence or absence) and the subplot was fertilizer rate (0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 times the recommended N-P-K fertilizer rate) applied to a peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)-pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] rotation. In 3 of the 4 yr, P. reticulatum improved or had no effect on crop yields when averaged across fertilizer rates. Overall, millet and peanut biomass and N and P uptake by millet increased in the presence of shrubs and with increasing fertilizer rate. Contrary to P, inorganic N in the soils changed very rapidly, reaching very low levels by the end of the growing season. The N content of soil leachates below the rooting zone was generally lower beneath than outside the shrub canopy, suggesting that the shrub conserves N that is otherwise lost through leaching. Piliostigma reticulatum increased particulate organic matter, indicating that this shrub improved soil quality. These results suggest that P. reticulatum, under nonthermal management and a higher density than typically found in farmers' fields, has ecological benefits with improved soils and reduced loss of N, which has implications throughout the Sahel. C1 [Dossa, Ekwe L.] Int Fertilizer Dev Ctr, Lome, Togo. [Diedhiou, Ibrahima; Samba, Samba A. Ndiaye] Univ Thies, Ecole Natl Super Agr, Thies Escale, Senegal. [Khouma, Mamadou] Inst Senegalais Rech Agr, LNRPV, Dakar, Senegal. [Sene, Modou] Inst Senegalais Rech Agr CERAAS, Thies, Senegal. [Badiane, Aminata N.] Econ Growth Off, US AID Senegal, Dakar 49, Senegal. [Assigbetse, Komi B.] LEMSA, IRD, Unite Rech Eco & Sols, Dakar 1386, Senegal. [Sall, Saidou] Univ Gaston Berger, UFR Sci Agron Aquaculture & Technol Alimentaires, St Louis, Senegal. [Lufafa, Abel] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Kizito, Fred] Int Water Management Inst, Accra, Ghana. [Dick, Richard P.; Saxena, Jyotisna] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dick, RP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Richard.Dick@snr.osu.edu FU National Science Foundation [0120732] FX This study was conducted as part of the Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles/Biocomplexity Grant no. 0120732 funded by the National Science Foundation. We wish to thank Pape Omar Dieye, El Hadj Moussa Diop, and Pape Serigne Saar for assisting in data collection, Mahecor Diouf Omar Faye and Fatou Gueye for helping with laboratory work at the LEMSAT IRD Dakar, and Joan Sandeno for editing the manuscript. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1237 EP 1246 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0432 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 170MH UT WOS:000320855100038 ER PT J AU Byrne, KG March, J McGuire, S Meissner, L Sperling, L AF Byrne, Karri Goeldner March, Julie McGuire, Shawn Meissner, Laura Sperling, Louise TI The role of evidence in humanitarian assessment: the Seed System Security Assessment and the Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE assessment; emergency; evidence; Haiti earthquake; markets; seed security; seed systems; toolkits; value chains AB This paper reviews advances in the development and use of two evidence-based assessment toolkits: the Seed System Security Assessment (SSSA) and the Emergency Market Mapping and Analysis (EMMA). Both were created in the past five years and have been employed in a range of acute and chronic stress contexts across Africa, Asia, and parts of the Americas, in periods of civil strife, displacement, and drought, as well as following earthquakes, flooding, and political instability. The aims of this paper are threefold: to review advances with regard to each tool; to compare how each toolkit gathers and uses evidence, while considering possibilities for greater complementarity; and to reflect on the nature of evidence' used to guide humanitarian response in sudden-onset and chronic crisis situations. A comparison highlights the importance of triangulation and informed analysis for drawing conclusions from imperfect evidence, understanding the limitations of each assessment methodology, and confronting tacit assumptions. C1 [Byrne, Karri Goeldner] Mercy Corps, PRIME Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [March, Julie; Meissner, Laura] US Agcy Int Dev, Off US Foreign Disaster Assistance, Washington, DC USA. [McGuire, Shawn] Univ E Anglia, Sch Int Dev, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM l.sperling@cgiar.org NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUL PY 2013 VL 37 SU 1 SI SI BP S83 EP S104 DI 10.1111/disa.12014 PG 22 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 161JZ UT WOS:000320190400006 ER PT J AU Wu, Z Holt, BY Manning, J Romano, J Lusti-Narasimhan, M Stone, A Deal, C Wang, B AF Wu, Z. Holt, B. Young Manning, J. Romano, J. Lusti-Narasimhan, M. Stone, A. Deal, C. Wang, B. TI MULTIDISCIPLINARY APROACH TO CONTAIN HIV-1 AND OTHER STIS IN CHINA: MULTIPURPOSE PREVENTION TECHNOLOGIES SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wu, Z.] Nanjing Univ, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Holt, B. Young] CAMI IMPT, Folsom, CA USA. [Manning, J.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Romano, J.] NWJ Grp, Wayne, NJ USA. [Lusti-Narasimhan, M.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Stone, A.] MEDSA LTD, London, England. [Deal, C.] NIH DMID, Washington, DC USA. [Wang, B.] Chinese Acad Med Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 EI 1472-3263 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 89 SU 1 MA P3.376 BP A267 EP A267 DI 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0829 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V40VR UT WOS:000209506600221 ER PT J AU Hershey, C Ali, D Florey, L Bennett, A Luhanga, M Oyugi, J Ye, Y Jenda, G Nielsen, C Salgado, R Mathanga, D Bhattarai, A AF Hershey, Christine Ali, Doreen Florey, Lia Bennett, Adam Luhanga, Misheck Oyugi, Jessica Ye, Yazoume Jenda, Gomezgani Nielsen, Carrie Salgado, Rene Mathanga, Don Bhattarai, Achuyt TI Secondary analysis of national and subnational survey data to evaluate the impact of the scale-up of malaria control interventions in Malawi, 2000-10 SO LANCET LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Global Health Metrics and Evaluation Conference CY JUN 17-19, 2013 CL Seattle, WA C1 [Hershey, Christine; Salgado, Rene] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Ali, Doreen; Luhanga, Misheck] Natl Malaria Control Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Florey, Lia; Ye, Yazoume] ICF Int, Calverton, MD USA. [Bennett, Adam] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Oyugi, Jessica] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Jenda, Gomezgani] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Presidents, Malawi. [Nielsen, Carrie; Bhattarai, Achuyt] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mathanga, Don] Malawi Coll Med, Malaria Alert Ctr, Blantyre, Malawi. EM chershey@usaid.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 17 PY 2013 VL 381 SU 2 BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 300GH UT WOS:000330451900060 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Kim, Y Ganeshan, H Huang, J Belmonte, M Abot, E Banania, JG Farooq, F McGrath, S Peters, B Sette, A Soisson, L Diggs, C Doolan, DL Tamminga, C Villasante, E Hollingdale, MR Richie, TL AF Sedegah, Martha Kim, Yohan Ganeshan, Harini Huang, Jun Belmonte, Maria Abot, Esteban Banania, Jo Glenna Farooq, Fouzia McGrath, Shannon Peters, Bjoern Sette, Alessandro Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Doolan, Denise L. Tamminga, Cindy Villasante, Eileen Hollingdale, Michael R. Richie, Thomas L. TI Identification of minimal human MHC-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitopes within the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Vaccine; Circumsporozoite protein; ELISpot; Flow cytometry; NetMHC; Epitope mapping; Class I restriction; Localization ID I ALLELE PROMISCUITY; MALARIA DNA VACCINE; PEPTIDE-BINDING; HLA-A; SUPERTYPES; MOLECULES; RESPONSES; ANTIGENS; IMMUNOGENICITY; POLYMORPHISM AB Background: Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a leading malaria vaccine candidate antigen, known to elicit protective antibody responses in humans (RTS, S vaccine). Recently, a DNA prime/adenovirus (Ad) vector boost vaccine encoding CSP and a second P. falciparum antigen, apical membrane antigen-1, also elicited sterile protection, but in this case associated with interferon gamma ELISpot and CD8+ T cell but not antibody responses. The finding that CSP delivered by an appropriate vaccine platform likely elicits protective cell-mediated immunity provided a rationale for identifying class I-restricted epitopes within this leading vaccine candidate antigen. Methods: Limited samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from clinical trials of the Ad vaccine were used to identify CD8+ T cell epitopes within pools of overlapping 15mer peptides spanning portions of CSP that stimulated recall responses. Computerized algorithms (NetMHC) predicted 17 minimal class I-restricted 9-10mer epitopes within fifteen 15mers positive in ELISpot assay using PBMC from 10 HLA-matched study subjects. Four additional epitopes were subsequently predicted using NetMHC, matched to other study subjects without initial 15mer ELISpot screening. Nine of the putative epitopes were synthesized and tested by ELISpot assay, and six of these nine were further tested for CD8+ T cell responses by ELISpot CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-depletion and flow cytometry assays for evidence of CD8+ T cell dependence. Results: Each of the nine putative epitopes, all sequence-conserved, recalled responses from HLA-matched CSP-immunized research subjects. Four shorter sequences contained within these sequences were identified using NetMHC predictions and may have contributed to recall responses. Five (9-10mer) epitopes were confirmed to be targets of CD8+ T cell responses using ELISpot depletion and ICS assays. Two 9mers among these nine epitopes were each restricted by two HLA supertypes (A01/B07; A01A24/A24) and one 9mer was restricted by three HLA supertypes (A01A24/A24/B27) indicating that some CSP class I-restricted epitopes, like DR epitopes, may be HLA-promiscuous. Conclusions: This study identified nine and confirmed five novel class I epitopes restricted by six HLA supertypes, suggesting that an adenovirus-vectored CSP vaccine would be immunogenic and potentially protective in genetically diverse populations. C1 [Sedegah, Martha; Ganeshan, Harini; Huang, Jun; Belmonte, Maria; Abot, Esteban; Banania, Jo Glenna; Farooq, Fouzia; McGrath, Shannon; Tamminga, Cindy; Villasante, Eileen; Hollingdale, Michael R.; Richie, Thomas L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kim, Yohan; Peters, Bjoern; Sette, Alessandro] La Jolla Inst Allergy & Immunol, La Jolla, CA USA. [Doolan, Denise L.] Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Sedegah, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM martha.sedegah@med.navy.mil RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU Naval Medical Research Center [6000.RAD1.F.A0309]; USAID; Military Infectious Diseases Research Program; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program; Pfizer Australia FX CT, EV, and TLR were active duty military personnel at the time they contributed to this work; MS is a US Government employee. The work of these individuals was prepared as part of official government duties. Title 17 USC 105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 USC 101 defines a US Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the US Government as part of that person's official duties. The work of authors affiliated with the Naval Medical Research Center was supported by work unit number 6000.RAD1.F.A0309. Major funding for this work was provided by USAID, the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, and the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program. DLD was supported by a Pfizer Australia Senior Research Fellowship. The study protocol for the clinical trial presented in this manuscript was approved by the National Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical Research Center and Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Institutional Review Boards, in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing protection of human subjects. All study subjects gave written informed consent. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the US Government. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Jennifer Ng in the HLA typing of the research subjects. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JUN 5 PY 2013 VL 12 AR 185 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-12-185 PG 17 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 163WH UT WOS:000320367900001 PM 23738590 ER PT J AU Lawlor, K Madeira, EM Blockhus, J Ganz, DJ AF Lawlor, Kathleen Madeira, Erin Myers Blockhus, Jill Ganz, David J. TI Community Participation and Benefits in REDD plus : A Review of Initial Outcomes and Lessons SO FORESTS LA English DT Article DE REDD; social impacts; tenure; payments for ecosystem services; deforestation; climate change mitigation ID POVERTY; FOREST; LIVELIHOODS; ENVIRONMENT; SYNERGIES; PAYMENTS; TRADE AB The advent of initiatives to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation and enhance forest carbon stocks (REDD+) in developing countries has raised much concern regarding impacts on local communities. To inform this debate, we analyze the initial outcomes of those REDD+ projects that systematically report on their socio-economic dimensions. To categorize and compare projects, we develop a participation and benefits framework that considers REDD+'s effects on local populations' opportunities (jobs, income), security (of tenure and ecosystem services), and empowerment (participation in land use and development decisions). We find material benefits, in terms of jobs and income, to be, thus far, modest. On the other hand, we find that many projects are helping populations gain tenure rights. A majority of projects are obtaining local populations' free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC). However, for those projects interacting with multiple populations, extent of participation and effects on forest access are often uneven. Our participation and benefits framework can be a useful tool for identifying the multi-faceted socio-economic impacts of REDD+, which are realized under different timescales. The framework and initial trends reported here can be used to build hypotheses for future REDD+ impact evaluations and contribute to evolving theories of incentive-based environmental policy. C1 [Lawlor, Kathleen] Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Policy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Madeira, Erin Myers; Blockhus, Jill] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Ganz, David J.] USAID, Lowering Emiss Asias Forests, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. RP Lawlor, K (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Policy, POB 3435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM klawlor@email.unc.edu; emadeira@tnc.org; jblockhus@tnc.org; dganz@field.winrock.org FU government of Norway; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR Graduate Fellowship program [FP91714001] FX We are grateful for Craig Leisher's early insights and recommendations, which helped shape our approach. We thank anonymous reviewers for providing very useful suggestions for improving this article. We also thank Pam Jagger, Chris Oishi, Tina Patterson, Analie Barnett, and the participants at The Nature Conservancy's 2011 All Science conference for helpful conversations along the way. This research was funded by the government of Norway. K. Lawlor is supported under the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR Graduate Fellowship program (FP91714001). NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 60 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1999-4907 J9 FORESTS JI Forests PD JUN PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 296 EP 318 DI 10.3390/f4020296 PG 23 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 169IH UT WOS:000320773200006 ER PT J AU Nyandiko, W Vreeman, R Liu, H Shangani, S Sang, E Ayaya, S Braitstein, P AF Nyandiko, Winstone Vreeman, Rachel Liu, Hai Shangani, Sylvia Sang, Edwin Ayaya, Samuel Braitstein, Paula TI Nonadherence to Clinic Appointments Among HIV-Infected Children in an Ambulatory Care Program in Western Kenya SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE infected; children; immune suppression; lost-tofollow-up; clinic adherence; CDC stage; WAZ and WHZ scores ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; EXPOSED CHILDREN; OUTCOMES; ORPHANS; HEALTH; RETENTION; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB Background: Nonadherence to clinic appointments is associated with poor outcomes in HIV-infected adults. We describe the effect of cumulative clinic adherence (CCA) to clinic appointments on mortality and loss to follow-up (LTFU) among HIV-infected children in Kenya. Methods: We analyzed retrospective clinical data from HIV-infected children in the United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Partnership in Kenya between 2001 and 2009. We defined CCA as the proportion of days adherent to clinic visits after enrollment. We examined the effects of CCA on both death and LTFU, controlling for demographic and clinical factors at enrollment and over time. Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying coefficients were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) associated with each 10% increase in CCA on mortality and LTFU. Results: Among 3255 HIV-infected children, 1668 (51.2%) were male, median enrollment age of 5.2 years (interquartile range: 3.6-7.4). Of 2393 children with CD4 within 3 months after enrollment, 1125 (47.0%) were severely immune suppressed, 567 became LTFU, and 88 died. Children with higher CCA had a higher risk of both mortality and LTFU at 3 and 6 months. Higher CCA became protective at 24 months for mortality, AHR at 24 months: 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.6 to 0.9), and at 12 months for LTFU, AHR at 24 months: 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.7 to 0.7). Conclusions: Children adherence to clinic visits during the first 6 months of HIV care was associated with a higher risk of death and LTFU, but by 24 months, children with better CCA had a reduced risk of LTFU and mortality. C1 [Nyandiko, Winstone; Ayaya, Samuel] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth & Pediat, Eldoret, Kenya. [Nyandiko, Winstone; Vreeman, Rachel; Liu, Hai; Shangani, Sylvia; Sang, Edwin; Ayaya, Samuel; Braitstein, Paula] US Agcy Int Dev Acad Model Providing Access Healt, Eldoret, Kenya. [Nyandiko, Winstone; Shangani, Sylvia; Ayaya, Samuel] Moi Teaching & Referral Hosp, Eldoret, Kenya. [Vreeman, Rachel] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Liu, Hai] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Nyandiko, W (reprint author), POB 2582, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. EM nyandikom@yahoo.com FU United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access; United States Agency for International Development; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief [623-A-0008-00003-00] FX Supported in part by a grant to the United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, grant no. 623-A-0008-00003-00. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2013 VL 63 IS 2 BP E49 EP E55 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31828e1e2c PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 146SY UT WOS:000319112500002 PM 23466646 ER PT J AU Fabic, MS Choi, Y AF Fabic, Madeleine Short Choi, Yoonjoung TI Assessing the Quality of Data Regarding Use of the Lactational Amenorrhea Method SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article ID CONSENSUS STATEMENT AB This study assesses the quality of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data regarding self-reported current use of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM). LAM is an important modern contraceptive method that, when practiced correctly, has a 98 percent effectiveness rate six-months postpartum. The objectives of this study are to examine the accuracy of self-reported LAM use, compared with the constructed correct-practice variable, and to explore differentials in accuracy measures by characteristics at the individual and survey level by analyzing data from 73 DHSs conducted in 45 countries between 1998 and 2011. Findings reveal that only 26 percent of reported LAM users meet the criteria for correct LAM practice. We discuss the implications for future DHS data collection and for family planning and maternal and child health programming. C1 [Fabic, Madeleine Short; Choi, Yoonjoung] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Fabic, MS (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, 1201 Penn Ave NW,Suite 200, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM ychoi@usaid.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0039-3665 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 44 IS 2 BP 205 EP 221 DI 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2013.00353.x PG 17 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 153PX UT WOS:000319615800005 PM 23720003 ER PT J AU Vreeman, RC Gramelspacher, AM Gisore, PO Scanlon, ML Nyandiko, WM AF Vreeman, Rachel C. Gramelspacher, Anna Maria Gisore, Peter O. Scanlon, Michael L. Nyandiko, Winstone M. TI Disclosure of HIV status to children in resource-limited settings: a systematic review SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE HIV; disclosure; children; resource-limited settings; systematic review ID PEDIATRIC ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; INFECTED CHILDREN; SOUTH-AFRICA; PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ADHERENCE; ADOLESCENTS; CARE; DIAGNOSIS AB Introduction: Informing children of their own HIV status is an important aspect of long-term disease management, yet there is little evidence of how and when this type of disclosure takes place in resource-limited settings and its impact. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Databases were searched for the terms hiv AND disclos* AND (child* OR adolesc*). We reviewed 934 article citations and the references of relevant articles to find articles describing disclosure to children and adolescents in resource-limited settings. Data were extracted regarding prevalence of disclosure, factors influencing disclosure, process of disclosure and impact of disclosure on children and caregivers. Results: Thirty-two articles met the inclusion criteria, with 16 reporting prevalence of disclosure. Of these 16 studies, proportions of disclosed children ranged from 0 to 69.2%. Important factors influencing disclosure included the child's age and perceived ability to understand the meaning of HIV infection and factors related to caregivers, such as education level, openness about their own HIV status and beliefs about children's capacities. Common barriers to disclosure were fear that the child would disclose HIV status to others, fear of stigma and concerns for children's emotional or physical health. Disclosure was mostly led by caregivers and conceptualized as a one-time event, while others described it as a gradual process. Few studies measured the impact of disclosure on children. Findings suggested adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) improved post-disclosure but the emotional and psychological effects of disclosure were variable. Conclusions: Most studies show that a minority of HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings know his/her HIV status. While caregivers identify many factors that influence disclosure, studies suggest both positive and negative effects for children. More research is needed to implement age- and culture-appropriate disclosure in resource-limited settings. C1 [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Gramelspacher, Anna Maria; Scanlon, Michael L.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Gramelspacher, Anna Maria; Gisore, Peter O.; Scanlon, Michael L.; Nyandiko, Winstone M.] USAID, AMPATH, Eldoret, Kenya. [Gisore, Peter O.; Nyandiko, Winstone M.] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Child Hlth & Paediat, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Vreeman, RC (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, 410 W 10th St,HITS Suite 1000, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rvreeman@iupui.edu FU NIMH [K23MH087225, 5R01MH099747-01]; USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) FX This research was supported in part by a grant (K23MH087225 and 5R01MH099747-01) to Dr. Vreeman from the NIMH and by the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). NR 59 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 10 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD MAY 27 PY 2013 VL 16 AR 18466 DI 10.7448/IAS.16.1.18466 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 158NZ UT WOS:000319980300001 PM 23714198 ER PT J AU Hwang, J Alemayehu, BH Reithinger, R Tekleyohannes, SG Teshi, T Birhanu, SG Demeke, L Hoos, D Melaku, Z Kassa, M Jima, D Malone, JL Nettey, H Green, M Poe, A Akinyi, S Udhayakumar, V Kachur, SP Filler, S AF Hwang, Jimee Alemayehu, Bereket Hailegiorgis Reithinger, Richard Tekleyohannes, Samuel Girma Teshi, Takele Birhanu, Sintayehu Gebresillasie Demeke, Leykun Hoos, David Melaku, Zenebe Kassa, Moges Jima, Daddi Malone, Joseph L. Nettey, Henry Green, Michael Poe, Amanda Akinyi, Sheila Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Kachur, S. Patrick Filler, Scott TI In Vivo Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine and Chloroquine against Plasmodium vivax: A Randomized Open Label Trial in Central Ethiopia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; SOUTH-WEST ETHIOPIA; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; RESISTANT FALCIPARUM; THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE; ARTEMISININ; INDONESIA; POPULATION; CHILDREN; FAILURE AB In Background: In vivo efficacy assessments of antimalarials are essential for ensuring effective case management. In Ethiopia, chloroquine (CQ) without primaquine is the first-line treatment for Plasmodium vivax in malarious areas, but artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is also commonly used. Methods and Findings: In 2009, we conducted a 42-day efficacy study of AL or CQ for P. vivax in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Individuals with P. vivax monoinfection were enrolled. Primary endpoint was day 28 cure rate. In patients with recurrent parasitemia, drug level and genotyping using microsatellite markers were assessed. Using survival analysis, uncorrected patient cure rates at day 28 were 75.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 66.8-82.5) for AL and 90.8% (95% CI 83.6-94.9) for CQ. During the 42 days of follow-up, 41.6% (47/113) of patients in the AL arm and 31.8% (34/107) in the CQ arm presented with recurrent P. vivax infection, with the median number of days to recurrence of 28 compared to 35 days in the AL and CQ arm, respectively. Using microsatellite markers to reclassify recurrent parasitemias with a different genotype as non-treatment failures, day 28 cure rates were genotype adjusted to 91.1% (95% CI 84.1-95.1) for AL and to 97.2% (91.6-99.1) for CQ. Three patients (2.8%) with recurrent parasitemia by day 28 in the CQ arm were noted to have drug levels above 100 ng/ml. Conclusions: In the short term, both AL and CQ were effective and well-tolerated for P. vivax malaria, but high rates of recurrent parasitemia were noted with both drugs. CQ provided longer post-treatment prophylaxis than AL, resulting in delayed recurrence of parasitemia. Although the current policy of species-specific treatment can be maintained for Ethiopia, the co-administration of primaquine for treatment of P. vivax malaria needs to be urgently considered to prevent relapse infections. C1 [Hwang, Jimee; Malone, Joseph L.; Nettey, Henry; Green, Michael; Akinyi, Sheila; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam; Kachur, S. Patrick; Filler, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Hwang, Jimee] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Alemayehu, Bereket Hailegiorgis; Hoos, David] ICAP Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, Richard] Res Triangle Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Tekleyohannes, Samuel Girma; Teshi, Takele; Birhanu, Sintayehu Gebresillasie; Demeke, Leykun; Melaku, Zenebe] ICAP Columbia Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Kassa, Moges; Jima, Daddi] Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Jima, Daddi] Fed Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Nettey, Henry] Univ Ghana, Sch Pharm, Legon, Ghana. [Poe, Amanda] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. [Filler, Scott] Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jhwang@cdc.gov OI Malone, Joseph/0000-0002-5515-6171 FU President's Malaria Initiative via the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This research was made possible through support provided by the President's Malaria Initiative via the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of an Interagency Agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the CDC or the USAID. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 22 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 5 AR e63433 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0063433 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 163UP UT WOS:000320362700021 PM 23717423 ER PT J AU Souza, JP Gulmezoglu, AM Vogel, J Carroli, G Lumbiganon, P Qureshi, Z Costa, MJ Fawole, B Mugerwa, Y Nafiou, I Neves, I Wolomby-Molondo, JJ Bang, HT Cheang, K Chuyun, K Jayaratne, K Jayathilaka, CA Mazhar, SB Mori, R Mustafa, ML Pathak, LR Perera, D Rathavy, T Recidoro, Z Roy, M Ruyan, P Shrestha, N Taneepanichsku, S Tien, NV Ganchimeg, T Wehbe, M Yadamsuren, B Yan, W Yunis, K Bataglia, V Cecatti, JG Hernandez-Prado, B Nardin, JM Narvaez, A Ortiz-Panozo, E Perez-Cuevas, R Valladares, E Zavaleta, N Armson, A Crowther, C Hogue, C Lindmark, G Mittal, S Pattinson, R Stanton, ME Campodonico, L Cuesta, C Giordano, D Intarut, N Laopaiboon, M Bahl, R Martines, J Mathai, M Merialdi, M Say, L AF Souza, Joao Paulo Guelmezoglu, Ahmet Metin Vogel, Joshua Carroli, Guillermo Lumbiganon, Pisake Qureshi, Zahida Costa, Maria Jose Fawole, Bukola Mugerwa, Yvonne Nafiou, Idi Neves, Isilda Wolomby-Molondo, Jean-Jose Hoang Thi Bang Cheang, Kannitha Chuyun, Kang Jayaratne, Kapila Jayathilaka, Chandani Anoma Mazhar, Syeda Batool Mori, Rintaro Mustafa, Mir Lais Pathak, Laxmi Raj Perera, Deepthi Rathavy, Tung Recidoro, Zenaida Roy, Malabika Ruyan, Pang Shrestha, Naveen Taneepanichsku, Surasak Nguyen Viet Tien Ganchimeg, Togoobaatar Wehbe, Mira Yadamsuren, Buyanjargal Yan, Wang Yunis, Khalid Bataglia, Vicente Cecatti, Jose Guilherme Hernandez-Prado, Bernardo Manuel Nardin, Juan Narvaez, Alberto Ortiz-Panozo, Eduardo Perez-Cuevas, Ricardo Valladares, Eliette Zavaleta, Nelly Armson, Anthony Crowther, Caroline Hogue, Carol Lindmark, Gunilla Mittal, Suneeta Pattinson, Robert Stanton, Mary Ellen Campodonico, Liana Cuesta, Cristina Giordano, Daniel Intarut, Nirun Laopaiboon, Malinee Bahl, Rajiv Martines, Jose Mathai, Matthews Merialdi, Mario Say, Lale TI Moving beyond essential interventions for reduction of maternal mortality (the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health): a cross-sectional study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CLUSTER; DEATHS; WORKS; MISS AB Background We report the main findings of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health (WHOMCS), which aimed to assess the burden of complications related to pregnancy, the coverage of key maternal health interventions, and use of the maternal severity index (MSI) in a global network of health facilities. Methods In our cross-sectional study, we included women attending health facilities in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East that dealt with at least 1000 childbirths per year and had the capacity to provide caesarean section. We obtained data from analysis of hospital records for all women giving birth and all women who had a severe maternal outcome (SMO; ie, maternal death or maternal near miss). We regarded coverage of key maternal health interventions as the proportion of the target population who received an indicated intervention (eg, the proportion of women with eclampsia who received magnesium sulphate). We used areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUROC) with 95% CI to externally validate a previously reported MSI as an indicator of severity. We assessed the overall performance of care (ie, the ability to produce a positive effect on health outcomes) through standardised mortality ratios. Results From May 1, 2010, to Dec 31, 2011, we included 314 623 women attending 357 health facilities in 29 countries (2538 had a maternal near miss and 486 maternal deaths occurred). The mean period of data collection in each health facility was 89 days (SD 21). 23 015 (7.3%) women had potentially life-threatening disorders and 3024 (1.0%) developed an SMO. 808 (26.7%) women with an SMO had post-partum haemorrhage and 784 (25.9%) had pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and coagulation dysfunctions were the most frequent organ dysfunctions in women who had an SMO. Reported mortality in countries with a high or very high maternal mortality ratio was two-to-three-times higher than that expected for the assessed severity despite a high coverage of essential interventions. The MSI had good accuracy for maternal death prediction in women with markers of organ dysfunction (AUROC 0.826 [95% CI 0.802-0.851]). Interpretation High coverage of essential interventions did not imply reduced maternal mortality in the health-care facilities we studied. If substantial reductions in maternal mortality are to be achieved, universal coverage of life-saving interventions need to be matched with comprehensive emergency care and overall improvements in the quality of maternal health care. The MSI could be used to assess the performance of health facilities providing care to women with complications related to pregnancy. C1 [Souza, Joao Paulo; Guelmezoglu, Ahmet Metin; Vogel, Joshua; Merialdi, Mario; Say, Lale] WHO, UNDP UNFPA UNICEF WHO Word Bank Special Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Carroli, Guillermo; Manuel Nardin, Juan; Campodonico, Liana; Cuesta, Cristina; Giordano, Daniel] Ctr Rosarino Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Lumbiganon, Pisake; Laopaiboon, Malinee] Khon Kaen Univ, Khon Kaen, Thailand. [Qureshi, Zahida] Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. [Costa, Maria Jose] WHO Angola, Luanda, Angola. [Fawole, Bukola] Univ Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Mugerwa, Yvonne] Makerere Univ, Makerere, Uganda. [Nafiou, Idi] Univ Abdou Moumouni Niamey, Niamey, Niger. [Neves, Isilda] Delegacao Prov Saude Luanda, Luanda, Angola. [Wolomby-Molondo, Jean-Jose] Clin Univ Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Zaire. [Hoang Thi Bang] WHO, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Cheang, Kannitha] WHO, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Chuyun, Kang; Ruyan, Pang; Yan, Wang] Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Jayaratne, Kapila; Perera, Deepthi] Govt Sri Lanka, Minist Hlth, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Jayathilaka, Chandani Anoma] WHO, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Mazhar, Syeda Batool] Pakistan Inst Med Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Mori, Rintaro] Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Hlth Policy, Tokyo, Japan. [Mustafa, Mir Lais] Afghan Publ Hlth Inst, Kabul, Afghanistan. [Pathak, Laxmi Raj] Govt Nepal, Minist Hlth & Populat, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Rathavy, Tung] Natl Maternal & Child Hlth Ctr, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Recidoro, Zenaida] Natl Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Manila, Philippines. [Roy, Malabika] Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India. [Shrestha, Naveen] Pokhara Univ, Cent Inst Sci & Technol CIST Coll, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Taneepanichsku, Surasak; Intarut, Nirun] Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. [Nguyen Viet Tien] Natl Obstet & Gynaecol Hosp, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Ganchimeg, Togoobaatar] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Wehbe, Mira; Yunis, Khalid] Amer Univ Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. [Yadamsuren, Buyanjargal] Govt Mongolia, Minist Hlth, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. [Bataglia, Vicente] Hosp Nacl Itaugua, Itaugua, Paraguay. [Cecatti, Jose Guilherme] Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Hernandez-Prado, Bernardo] Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Narvaez, Alberto] Colegio Med Pichincha, Pichincha, Ecuador. [Narvaez, Alberto] Fdn Salud Ambiente & Desarollo, Pichincha, Ecuador. [Ortiz-Panozo, Eduardo] Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. [Perez-Cuevas, Ricardo] Inter Amer Dev Bank, Social Protect & Hlth Div, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Valladares, Eliette] Univ Nacl Autonoma Nicaragua, Leon, Nicaragua. [Zavaleta, Nelly] Inst Invest Nutr, Lima, Peru. [Armson, Anthony] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Crowther, Caroline] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Hogue, Carol] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Lindmark, Gunilla] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Mittal, Suneeta] All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India. [Pattinson, Robert] Univ Pretoria, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Stanton, Mary Ellen] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bahl, Rajiv; Martines, Jose; Mathai, Matthews] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Souza, JP (reprint author), WHO, UNDP UNFPA UNICEF WHO Word Bank Special Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM souzaj@who.int RI Souza, Joao Paulo/G-1982-2010; Hogue, Carol/H-5442-2012; OI Souza, Joao Paulo/0000-0002-2288-4244; Ortiz-Panozo, Eduardo/0000-0002-3141-210X FU UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP); WHO; USAID; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan; Gynuity Health Projects FX UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP); WHO; USAID; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan; Gynuity Health Projects. NR 23 TC 135 Z9 144 U1 5 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 18 PY 2013 VL 381 IS 9879 BP 1747 EP 1755 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 146TA UT WOS:000319112800039 PM 23683641 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, K Castor, D Mah, TL Cook, SH Auguiste, LM Halkitis, PN Markowitz, M AF Rodriguez, Kristina Castor, Delivette Mah, Timothy L. Cook, Stephanie H. Auguiste, Lex M. Halkitis, Perry N. Markowitz, Marty TI Participation in research involving novel sampling and study designs to identify acute HIV-1 infection among minority men who have sex with men SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article DE MSM; HIV; hidden populations; sampling; qualitative study ID DAILY DIARY; RISK BEHAVIORS; TRANSMISSION; WILLINGNESS; PREVENTION; TRIAL AB HIV-1 infection disproportionally affects African-American and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). Their inclusion in biomedical and behavioral research is critical to understanding and addressing HIV vulnerability. Using focus groups, we sought to understand the perceptions related to participating in biomedical research of acute/recent HIV-1 infection (AHI) using complex sampling and data collection methods to reach this hidden group at highest risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV. Given the potential impact of AHI on HIV transmission in MSM, it is important to understand this intersection for HIV prevention, care, and treatment purposes. The aim of this study was to understand how recruitment and data collection methods affect AHI research participation willingness particularly among MSM of color. Findings suggest that major barriers to research participation with complex sampling to identify AHI and intensive risk behavior collection such as diary methods are lack of anonymity, partner disclosure, and study fatigue. The authors explore implications for future study designs and development based on these findings. C1 [Rodriguez, Kristina; Markowitz, Marty] Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Castor, Delivette; Mah, Timothy L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Cook, Stephanie H.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Auguiste, Lex M.] SUNY, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Halkitis, Perry N.] NYU, Ctr Hlth Ident Behav & Prevent Studies, New York, NY USA. [Halkitis, Perry N.] NYU, Steinhardt Sch Culture Educ & Human Dev, New York, NY USA. RP Castor, D (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. EM dcastor@usaid.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR024143] NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD MAY 8 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 7 BP 828 EP 834 DI 10.1080/09540121.2012.748164 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 166RI UT WOS:000320574400005 PM 23305688 ER PT J AU Adedze, P Orr, RA Chapman-Novakofski, K Donovan, SM AF Adedze, Pascasie Orr, Robin A. Chapman-Novakofski, Karen Donovan, Sharon M. TI Set the Pace: Nutrition Education DVD for Head Start Parents SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOOD; BEHAVIORS; CHILDREN; HEALTH; FRUIT C1 [Adedze, Pascasie] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Orr, Robin A.; Chapman-Novakofski, Karen] Univ Illinois, Extens Serv, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Donovan, Sharon M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL USA. [Adedze, Pascasie] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Adedze, P (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM pascasie2@gmail.com OI Donovan, Sharon/0000-0002-9785-4189 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD MAY-JUN PY 2013 VL 45 IS 3 BP 279 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.jneb.2012.09.011 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 222PP UT WOS:000324743800014 PM 23266304 ER PT J AU Kaaya, S Eustache, E Lapidos-Salaiz, I Musisi, S Psaros, C Wissow, L AF Kaaya, Sylvia Eustache, Eddy Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana Musisi, Seggane Psaros, Christina Wissow, Lawrence TI Grand Challenges: Improving HIV Treatment Outcomes by Integrating Interventions for Co-Morbid Mental Illness SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PRIMARY-CARE; ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT; COLLABORATIVE CARE; INFECTED CHILDREN; ALCOHOL-USE; HEALTH; SERVICES; DISORDERS C1 [Kaaya, Sylvia] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Sch Med, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Eustache, Eddy] Zanmi Lasante Partners Hlth, Cent Plateau, Haiti. [Lapidos-Salaiz, Ilana] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Musisi, Seggane] Makerere Univ, Sch Med, Kampala, Uganda. [Psaros, Christina] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Wissow, Lawrence] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Mental Hlth Pediat Primary Care, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kaaya, S (reprint author), Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Sch Med, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM skaaya@gmail.com FU NIMH NIH HHS [K23 MH096651, P20 MH086048] NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 10 IS 5 AR e1001447 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001447 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 154JK UT WOS:000319670900022 PM 23700389 ER PT J AU Nelson, AJ Zolnik, EJ AF Nelson, Andrew J. Zolnik, Edmund J. TI Regional Effects of Trade on Income SO REGIONAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Interregional trade; Gravity model; Regional effects ID GRAVITY EQUATION; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; LIBERALIZATION; INSTITUTIONS; CONVERGENCE; GEOGRAPHY; SPACE AB NELSON A. J. AND ZOLNIK E. J. Regional effects of trade on income, Regional Studies. Estimating the effects of trade on growth solely from an international perspective runs the risk of ignoring underlying spatial patterns in interregional trade. In this study, spatial variation in international trade patterns is explored by using both a cross-section and a panel of data that include region-specific estimates of the effect of trade on income. Results suggest that the effects of trade on income vary significantly by region. Overall, the robustness of geographic variables to explain the effects of trade on income improves greatly when the focus of analysis shifts from international trade to interregional trade. C1 [Nelson, Andrew J.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Zolnik, Edmund J.] George Mason Univ, Sch Publ Policy, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM anelson@usaid.gov; ezolnik@gmu.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0034-3404 J9 REG STUD JI Reg. Stud. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 5 SI SI BP 740 EP 755 DI 10.1080/00343404.2011.598501 PG 16 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 127VL UT WOS:000317726800007 ER PT J AU Chopra, M Mason, E Borrazzo, J Campbell, H Rudan, I Liu, L Black, RE Bhutta, ZA AF Chopra, Mickey Mason, Elizabeth Borrazzo, John Campbell, Harry Rudan, Igor Liu, Li Black, Robert E. Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. TI Ending of preventable deaths from pneumonia and diarrhoea: an achievable goal SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CHILD-MORTALITY; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; BANGLADESH; COUNTDOWN; ILLNESS; TRENDS; IMPACT; CARE AB Global under-5 mortality has fallen rapidly from 12 million deaths in 1990, to 6.9 million in 2011; however, this number still falls short of the target of a two-thirds reduction or a maximum of 4 million deaths by 2015. Acceleration of reductions in deaths due to pneumonia and diarrhoea, which together account for about 2 million child deaths every year, is essential if the target is to be met. Scaling up of existing interventions against the two diseases to 80% and immunisation to 90% would eliminate more than two-thirds of deaths from these two diseases at a cost of US$6.715 billion by 2025. Modelling in this report shows that if all countries could attain the rates of decline of the regional leaders, then cause-specific death rates of fewer than three deaths per 1000 livebirths from pneumonia and less than one death per 1000 livebirths from diarrhoea could be achieved by 2025. These rates are those at which preventable deaths have been avoided. Increasing of awareness of the size of the problem; strengthening of leadership, intersectoral collaboration, and resource mobilisation; and increasing of efficiency through the selection of the optimum mix of a growing set of cost-effective interventions depending on local contexts are the priority actions needed to achieve the goal of ending preventable deaths from pneumonia and diarrhoea by 2025. C1 [Chopra, Mickey] UNICEF, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Mason, Elizabeth] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Borrazzo, John] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Campbell, Harry; Rudan, Igor] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Liu, Li; Black, Robert E.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.] Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan. RP Chopra, M (reprint author), UNICEF, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM mchopra@unicef.org RI Rudan, Igor/I-1467-2012; OI Rudan, Igor/0000-0001-6993-6884; Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University; Boston University School of Public Health; Program for Global Pediatric Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto FX The work summarised in this Series was supported by an unrestricted grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the Aga Khan University and through it to collaborating universities and institutions (Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University; Boston University School of Public Health; and Program for Global Pediatric Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto). The funding agency had no influence or control over the content and process for the development of this Series. The contents of this article are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 27 PY 2013 VL 381 IS 9876 BP 1499 EP 1506 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60319-0 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 139TK UT WOS:000318607300039 PM 23582721 ER PT J AU Cespedes, MS Castor, D Ford, SL Lee, D Lou, Y Pakes, GE Aberg, JA AF Cespedes, Michelle S. Castor, Delivette Ford, Susan L. Lee, Doreen Lou, Yu Pakes, Gary E. Aberg, Judith A. TI Steady-State Pharmacokinetics, Cord Blood Concentrations, and Safety of Ritonavir-Boosted Fosamprenavir in Pregnancy SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE fosamprenavir; pharmacokinetics; pregnancy; HIV ID HIV; WOMEN; NELFINAVIR; EFFICACY; AMPRENAVIR AB Steady-state pharmacokinetics in pregnant women prescribed ritonavir-boosted fosamprenavir (FPV) to prevent HIV transmission were assessed in the second trimester, third trimester, and postpartum. Compared with postpartum, geometric mean amprenavir (APV, FPVs active metabolite) area under the plasma concentration-time curves were 35% lower in the second trimester and 25% lower in the third trimester. Maternal APV concentrations were 9- to 15-fold above the mean APV protein-adjusted 50% inhibitory concentration for wild-type HIV. Median ratio of cord blood/maternal APV levels was 0.27, and all infants were HIV negative. FPV/ritonavir during pregnancy was well tolerated and led to virologic suppression. C1 [Cespedes, Michelle S.; Aberg, Judith A.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & Immunol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Cespedes, Michelle S.; Aberg, Judith A.] New York City Hlth & Hosp Corp, S Manhattan Healthcare Network, Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Castor, Delivette] United States Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Ford, Susan L.; Lou, Yu; Pakes, Gary E.] GlaxoSmithKline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Lee, Doreen] Montifore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Bronx, NY USA. RP Cespedes, MS (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, 550 1st Ave,BCD Room 558, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM Michelle.Cespedes@nyumc.org FU GlaxoSmithKline; NIAID [AI069532, U01 AI068636]; Grunebaum AIDS Scholarship Award; NIH from National Center for Research Resources [1UL1RR029893]; GSK; Kowa FX This study was funded by GlaxoSmithKline. This study was also supported in part by NIAID AI069532, NIH 1UL1RR029893 from the National Center for Research Resources, the Grunebaum AIDS Scholarship Award, and NIAID U01 AI068636 through the ACTG MHIMP program.; M.S.C. received research support from GSK. S.L.F., Y.L., and G.P. are employed by GSK. J.A.A. has served as a scientific advisor to Merck & Co, Inc., Tibotec/Janssen Therapeutics, and ViiV Healthcare. J.A.A. has received grant support from Kowa. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 62 IS 5 BP 550 EP 554 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318285d918 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 146SS UT WOS:000319111800019 PM 23314414 ER PT J AU Jones, TV AF Jones, Ticora V. TI Political "science": Opportunities for chemists in science policy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Jones, Ticora V.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM ticjones@usaid.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 65-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303605357 ER PT J AU Jones, TV AF Jones, Ticora V. TI Political "science": Opportunities for chemists in science policy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Jones, Ticora V.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM ticjones@usaid.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 65-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 210RD UT WOS:000323851303591 ER PT J AU Gutman, J Eckert, E Mangiaterra, V Bardaji, A Aponte, JJ Menendez, C Nahlen, B Slutsker, L AF Gutman, Julie Eckert, Erin Mangiaterra, Viviana Bardaji, Azucena Aponte, John J. Menendez, Clara Nahlen, Bernard Slutsker, Laurence TI Weighing for results: assessing the effect of IPTp SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID MALARIA PREVENTION; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PREGNANCY C1 [Gutman, Julie; Slutsker, Laurence] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Eckert, Erin; Nahlen, Bernard] US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mangiaterra, Viviana] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bardaji, Azucena; Aponte, John J.; Menendez, Clara] Hosp Clin Univ Barcelona, CRESIB, Barcelona Ctr Int Hlth Res, Barcelona, Spain. RP Gutman, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jgutman@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 292 EP 292 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70013-6 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 136TL UT WOS:000318386200012 PM 23538220 ER PT J AU Lawn, SD Mwaba, P Bates, M Piatek, A Alexander, H Marais, BJ Cuevas, LE McHugh, TD Zijenah, L Kapata, N Abubakar, I McNerney, R Hoelscher, M Memish, ZA Migliori, GB Kim, P Maeurer, M Schito, M Zumla, A AF Lawn, Stephen D. Mwaba, Peter Bates, Matthew Piatek, Amy Alexander, Heather Marais, Ben J. Cuevas, Luis E. McHugh, Timothy D. Zijenah, Lynn Kapata, Nathan Abubakar, Ibrahim McNerney, Ruth Hoelscher, Michael Memish, Ziad A. Migliori, Giovanni Battista Kim, Peter Maeurer, Markus Schito, Marco Zumla, Alimuddin TI Advances in tuberculosis diagnostics: the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and future prospects for a point-of-care test SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE RIFAMPICIN RESISTANCE; HIV-ASSOCIATED TUBERCULOSIS; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; RAPID MOLECULAR-DETECTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SOUTH-AFRICA; EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; LOW-COST AB Rapid progress has been made in the development of new diagnostic assays for tuberculosis in recent years. New technologies have been developed and assessed, and are now being implemented. The Xpert MTB/RIF assay, which enables simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance, was endorsed by WHO in December, 2010. This assay was specifically recommended for use as the initial diagnostic test for suspected drug-resistant or HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis. By June, 2012, two-thirds of countries with a high tuberculosis burden and half of countries with a high multidrug-resistant tuberculosis burden had incorporated the assay into their national tuberculosis programme guidelines. Although the development of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay is undoubtedly a landmark event, clinical and programmatic effects and cost-effectiveness remain to be defined. We review the rapidly growing body of scientific literature and discuss the advantages and challenges of using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay in areas where tuberculosis is endemic. We also review other prospects within the developmental pipeline. A rapid, accurate point-of-care diagnostic test that is affordable and can be readily implemented is urgently needed. Investment in the tuberculosis diagnostics pipeline should remain a major priority for funders and researchers. C1 [Lawn, Stephen D.; McNerney, Ruth] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London, England. [Lawn, Stephen D.] Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Inst Infect Dis & Mol Med, Desmond Tutu HIV Ctr, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Mwaba, Peter; Bates, Matthew; Kapata, Nathan; Zumla, Alimuddin] Univ Zambia Univ Coll London Med Sch UNZA UCLMS R, Univ Teaching Hosp, Lusaka, Zambia. [Mwaba, Peter; Kapata, Nathan] Minist Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Bates, Matthew; McHugh, Timothy D.; Zumla, Alimuddin] UCL, Ctr Clin Microbiol, Div Infect & Immun, London NW3 2PF, England. [Abubakar, Ibrahim] UCL, Ctr Infect Dis Epidemiol, Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, London NW3 2PF, England. [Piatek, Amy] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Alexander, Heather] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIVAIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Marais, Ben J.] Univ Sydney, Sydney Emerging Infect & Biosecur Inst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Marais, Ben J.] Univ Sydney, Childrens Hosp Westmead, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Cuevas, Luis E.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Dept Clin Sci, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Zijenah, Lynn] Univ Zimbabwe, Coll Hlth Sci, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Abubakar, Ibrahim] Hlth Protect Agcy, London, England. [Hoelscher, Michael] Klinikum Univ Munich, Dept Infect Dis & Trop Med, Munich, Germany. [Memish, Ziad A.] Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Memish, Ziad A.] Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Migliori, Giovanni Battista] WHO Collaborating Ctr TB & Lung Dis, Fdn S Maugeri, Care & Res Inst, Tradate, Italy. [Kim, Peter] NIAID, Div AIDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Maeurer, Markus] Karolinska Inst, Div Therapeut Immunol LabMed & Microbiol, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. [Maeurer, Markus] Karolinska Hosp, Ctr Allogene Stem Cell Transplantat, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. [Schito, Marco] NIAID, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Div AIDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Zumla, A (reprint author), UCL, Royal Free Hosp, Div Infect & Immun, Ctr Clin Microbiol, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, England. EM a.zumla@ucl.ac.uk RI Hoelscher, Michael/D-3436-2012; OI McHugh, Timothy D/0000-0003-4658-8594; MCNERNEY, Ruth/0000-0002-1957-443X; Abubakar, Ibrahim/0000-0002-0370-1430; Zumla, Alimuddin/0000-0002-5111-5735; Migliori, Giovanni Battista/0000-0002-2597-574X; Cuevas, Luis E./0000-0002-6581-0587 FU Wellcome Trust, UK; European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), Netherlands; UK Medical Research Council (MRC); UBS Optimus Foundation, Switzerland; University College London Hospitals Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (UCLH-CBRC); UCLH National Health Service Foundation Trust; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN272200800014C]; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX SDL is supported by the Wellcome Trust, UK. PM, MB, MH, and AZ are supported by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP grants REMOX, PANACEA, and TB-NEAT), Netherlands. AZ receives support from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC); UBS Optimus Foundation, Switzerland; University College London Hospitals Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre (UCLH-CBRC); and the UCLH National Health Service Foundation Trust. This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract number HHSN272200800014C, and by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not reflect the official views or policies of the US Department of Health and Human Services or the authors' national governments, nor does mention of trade names, commercial practices, or organisations imply endorsement by the US Government or the authors' national governments. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 92 TC 164 Z9 174 U1 4 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 349 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70008-2 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 136TL UT WOS:000318386200033 PM 23531388 ER PT J AU Owen, DH Jenkins, D Cancel, A Carter, E Dorflinger, L Spieler, J Steiner, MJ AF Owen, Derek H. Jenkins, David Cancel, Aida Carter, Eli Dorflinger, Laneta Spieler, Jeff Steiner, Markus J. TI Development and implementation of a quality assurance program for a hormonal contraceptive implant SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE Contraceptive; Quality assurance; Sino-implant (II); Levonorgestrel; API ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES AB Background: The importance of the distribution of safe, effective and cost-effective pharmaceutical products in resource-constrained countries is the subject of increasing attention. FM 360 has developed a program aimed at evaluating the quality of a contraceptive implant manufactured in China, while the product is being registered in an increasing number of countries and distributed by international procurement agencies. The program consists of (1) independent product testing; (2) ongoing evaluation of the manufacturing facility through audits and inspections; and (3) post-marketing surveillance. Study Design: This article focuses on the laboratory testing of the product. The various test methods were chosen from the following test method compendia, the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), British Pharmacopeia (BP), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), or lot release tests mandated by Chinese regulatory requirements. Each manufactured lot is independently tested prior to its distribution to countries supported by this program. In addition, a more detailed annual testing program includes evaluation of the active ingredient (levonorgestrel), the final product and the packaging material. Results: Over the first 4 years of this 5-year project, all tested lots met the established quality criteria. Conclusions: The quality assurance program developed for this contraceptive implant has helped ensure that a safe product was being introduced into developing country family planning programs. This program provides a template for establishing quality assurance programs for other cost-effective pharmaceutical products that have not yet received stringent regulatory approval and are being distributed in resource-poor settings. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Owen, Derek H.; Jenkins, David; Cancel, Aida; Carter, Eli; Dorflinger, Laneta; Steiner, Markus J.] FHI 360, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Spieler, Jeff] USAID, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Owen, DH (reprint author), FHI 360, POB 13950, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM dowen@fhi360.org FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This work was sponsored by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and was monitored by PHI 360 staff. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article and the views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of PHI 360, USAID or any other organizations mentioned herein. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD APR PY 2013 VL 87 IS 4 BP 473 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.07.010 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 115VR UT WOS:000316840500016 PM 22921687 ER PT J AU Beachain, DO Kevlihan, R AF Beachain, Donnacha O. Kevlihan, Rob TI Threading a needle: Kazakhstan between civic and ethno-nationalist state-building SO NATIONS AND NATIONALISM LA English DT Article DE Central Asia; civic nationalism; ethno-nationalism; Kazakhstan; Nazarbayev; post-Soviet ID CENTRAL-ASIA; LANGUAGE; IDENTITY; HISTORY AB This paper examines the state-building project in Kazakhstan since independence in 1991. It argues that both civic and ethno-nationalistic tendencies in state-building can be identified but that it is not any particular trajectory of nationalism in Kazakhstan that is of significance so much as the tensions between two very different trajectories. We argue that, at least to date, the government has succeeded in managing these tensions quite effectively both at the policy level and in its relations with different ethnic groups and neighbouring states. Whether Kazakhstan can continue to manage these tensions in the post-Nazarbayev era is one of the most significant questions facing the country. C1 [Beachain, Donnacha O.] Dublin City Univ, Sch Law & Govt, Ctr Int Studies, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Kevlihan, Rob] USAID West Africa, Reg Peace & Governance Off, Accra, Ghana. RP Beachain, DO (reprint author), Dublin City Univ, Sch Law & Govt, Ctr Int Studies, Dublin 9, Ireland. OI Kevlihan, Rob/0000-0003-1926-2433 NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-5078 J9 NATIONS NATL JI Nations Natl. PD APR PY 2013 VL 19 IS 2 BP 337 EP 356 DI 10.1111/nana.12022 PG 20 WC Ethnic Studies; History; Political Science; Sociology SC Ethnic Studies; History; Government & Law; Sociology GA 108HW UT WOS:000316284400009 ER PT J AU Phillips, SJ Curtis, KM Polis, CB AF Phillips, Sharon J. Curtis, Kathryn M. Polis, Chelsea B. TI Effect of hormonal contraceptive methods on HIV disease progression: a systematic review SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE contraception; disease progression; HIV; hormonal; women ID INFECTED WOMEN; INTRAUTERINE SYSTEM; TYPE-1 INFECTION; PLASMA; PREGNANCY; SURVIVAL; COHORT; RISK AB Objective: Systematically assess from the literature whether women living with HIV who use hormonal contraception are at increased risk of HIV-disease progression compared with those who do not use hormonal contraception. Methods: We searched PUBMED and EMBASE for articles published in peer-reviewed journals through December 15, 2011 for evidence relevant to all hormonal contraceptive methods and HIV-disease progression. Results: Twelve reports of 11 studies met inclusion criteria. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) found increased risk for the composite outcome of a reduced CD4 cell count or death among hormonal contraceptive users when compared with copper intrauterine device (IUD) users. Ten cohort studies reported no increased risk for HIV disease progression (as measured by mortality, time to a CD4 cell count below 200, time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy, an increase in HIV-RNA viral load, or a decrease in CD4 count) among women who used hormonal contraception compared with those who did not. Conclusion: The preponderance of evidence indicates that HIV-positive women can use hormonal contraceptive methods without concerns related to HIV-disease progression. Cohort studies consistently found no association between hormonal contraceptive use and HIV-disease progression compared with nonuse of hormonal contraceptives. One RCT found that hormonal contraceptive use was associated with increased risk of HIV-disease progression when compared with IUD use, but this study had important methodological shortcomings. Prevention of unintended pregnancy among women living with HIV remains a public health priority to safeguard women's and infants' health and to prevent vertical transmission of HIV. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins AIDS 2013, 27:787-794 C1 [Phillips, Sharon J.] World Hlth Org, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Curtis, Kathryn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Polis, Chelsea B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Phillips, SJ (reprint author), World Hlth Org, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM phillipss@who.int OI Polis, Chelsea/0000-0002-1031-7074; Phillips, Sharon/0000-0001-7157-4122 FU United States Agency for International Development; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO FX This review was supported by resources from the United States Agency for International Development, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the WHO. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 13 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 5 BP 787 EP 794 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835bb672 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 098CY UT WOS:000315524700012 PM 23135169 ER PT J AU Diedhiou-Sall, S Dossa, EL Diedhiou, I Badiane, AN Assigbetse, KB Samba, SAN Khouma, M Sene, M Dick, RP AF Diedhiou-Sall, Sire Dossa, Ekwe L. Diedhiou, Ibrahima Badiane, Aminata N. Assigbetse, Komi B. Samba, Samba Arona Ndiaye Khouma, Mamadou Sene, Modou Dick, Richard. P. TI Microbiology and Macrofaunal Activity in Soil beneath Shrub Canopies during Residue Decomposition in Agroecosystems of the Sahel SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTRASTING CHEMICAL-COMPOSITIONS; HUMID TROPICAL CONDITIONS; SENEGAL PEANUT BASIN; LITTER QUALITY; PLANT RESIDUES; NATIVE SHRUB; LABORATORY DECOMPOSITION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; SEMIARID SENEGAL; N MINERALIZATION AB A major limitation for crop productivity in degraded Sahelian soils is the lack of organic inputs. Piliostigma reticulatum (DC.) Hochst and Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel. are unrecognized and unmanaged shrubs of the Sahel that coexist with crops and have potential to provide significant amounts of organic inputs to improve soil quality. However, conventional management involves coppicing and burning aboveground biomass every spring before crop plantings. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop fundamental microbial information about nonthermal decomposition of these residues as influenced by the shrub canopy, litter, and root system. An experiment was done for P. reticulatum or G. senegalensis that had a 2 by 3 by 2 factorial design with two soil treatments (beneath and outside the influence of the shrub), three residue amendments (leaf, stem, and leaf + stem), and two litterbag mesh size treatments (plus, > 2 mm, or minus macrofauna). Litterbags were destructively sampled at 15, 30, 60, 120, and 210 d after the first rain. At each sampling, litter mass was determined, and the soil beneath the litter bag was assessed for microbial properties and inorganic N. The presence of macrofauna stimulated mass loss, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), enzyme activities, and inorganic N. Rates of decomposition and microbial response with soils beneath were higher than outside the canopy. The results provide a basis for developing improved, non-thermal management of coppiced shrub residue while still allowing preparation of favorable seedbeds for row crops. Previous research has shown that these shrubs can do hydraulic redistribution (HR) of water from wet subsoil to dry surface soil. The higher soil moisture beneath shrubs in our experiment indicates that HR is a contributing factor to drive decomposition and nutrient mineralization in the dry season. C1 [Diedhiou-Sall, Sire] Univ Ziguinchor, Dept Agroforestry, Ziguinchor, Senegal. [Dossa, Ekwe L.] Int Ctr Soil Fertil & Agr Dev IFDC, Lome, Togo. [Diedhiou, Ibrahima] Univ Thies, Ecole Natl Super Agron, Thies Escale, Senegal. [Badiane, Aminata N.] USAID, AG NRM, Dakar, Senegal. [Assigbetse, Komi B.] UMR Eco& Sols LEMSAT, IRD, Dakar, Senegal. [Samba, Samba Arona Ndiaye] Univ Thies, Ecole Natl Super Agr, Thies Escale, Senegal. [Khouma, Mamadou] ISRA, LNRPV, Dakar, Senegal. [Sene, Modou] Inst Senegalais Rech Agr ISRA CERAAS, Thies Escale, Thies, Senegal. [Dick, Richard. P.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environ & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dick, RP (reprint author), Univ Ziguinchor, Dept Agroforestry, Ziguinchor, Senegal. EM Richard.Dick@snr.osu.edu FU NSF of the Geosicence Biocomplexity Program [01207732] FX The authors are grateful to NSF for funding this project under Grant No. 01207732 of the Geosicence Biocomplexity Program. Appreciation goes to the LNPRV/ISRA team and the LEMSAT/IRD for providing facilities. The authors dedicate this publication in memory to our dear collegue and friend, Dr. Mamadou Kouma. The authors wish to express their sincere gratitude to Joan Sandeno for proof reading this manuscript. Appreciation goes to Saliou Faye, Aladji Moussa Diop, Pape Omar Dieye, and Younouss Tamba for their committed service. Thanks to Nazya Lakhani-Vogelsang for reviewing this manuscript. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 33 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 77 IS 2 BP 501 EP 511 DI 10.2136/sssaj2012.0284 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 197CX UT WOS:000322827900019 ER PT J AU Chimbwandira, F Mhango, E Makombe, S Midiani, D Mwansambo, C Njala, J Chirwa, Z Jahn, A Schouten, E Phelps, BR Gieselman, A Holmes, CB Maida, A Gupta, S Barr, BAT Modi, S Dale, H Aberle-Grasse, J Davis, M Bell, D Houston, J AF Chimbwandira, Frank Mhango, Eustice Makombe, Simon Midiani, Dalitso Mwansambo, Charles Njala, Joseph Chirwa, Zengani Jahn, Andreas Schouten, Erik Phelps, B. Ryan Gieselman, Anna Holmes, Charles B. Maida, Alice Gupta, Sundeep Barr, Beth A. Tippett Modi, Surbhi Dale, Helen Aberle-Grasse, John Davis, Margarett Bell, David Houston, James TI Impact of an Innovative Approach to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV - Malawi, July 2011-September 2012 SO MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY C1 [Njala, Joseph; Chirwa, Zengani; Jahn, Andreas] Univ Washington, Int Training & Educ Ctr Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Phelps, B. Ryan] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Gieselman, Anna; Holmes, Charles B.] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. [Houston, James] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Houston, J (reprint author), CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jchouston@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION PI ATLANTA PA MAILSTOP E-90, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 0149-2195 J9 MMWR-MORBID MORTAL W JI MMWR-Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 62 IS 8 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 188EW UT WOS:000322176100003 ER PT J AU Were, MC Nyandiko, WM Huang, KTL Slaven, JE Shen, CY Tierney, WM Vreeman, RC AF Were, Martin C. Nyandiko, Winstone M. Huang, Kristin T. L. Slaven, James E. Shen, Changyu Tierney, William M. Vreeman, Rachel C. TI Computer-Generated Reminders and Quality of Pediatric HIV Care in a Resource-Limited Setting SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HIV; electronic health records; pediatrics; decision support; quality of care; developing countries ID DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEMS; PREVENTIVE CARE; PARTNERSHIP; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT; PROGRAMS; OUTCOMES; AFRICA; LEVEL AB OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of clinician-targeted computer-generated reminders on compliance with HIV care guidelines in a resource-limited setting. METHODS: We conducted this randomized, controlled trial in an HIV referral clinic in Kenya caring for HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children (<14 years of age). For children randomly assigned to the intervention group, printed patient summaries containing computer-generated patient-specific reminders for overdue care recommendations were provided to the clinician at the time of the child's clinic visit. For children in the control group, clinicians received the summaries, but no computer-generated reminders. We compared differences between the intervention and control groups in completion of overdue tasks, including HIV testing, laboratory monitoring, initiating antiretroviral therapy, and making referrals. RESULTS: During the 5-month study period, 1611 patients (49% female, 70% HIV-infected) were eligible to receive at least 1 computer-generated reminder (ie, had an overdue clinical task). We observed a fourfold increase in the completion of overdue clinical tasks when reminders were availed to providers over the course of the study (68% intervention vs 18% control, P<.001). Orders also occurred earlier for the intervention group (77 days, SD 2.4 days) compared with the control group (104 days, SD 1.2 days) (P<.001). Response rates to reminders varied significantly by type of reminder and between clinicians. CONCLUSIONS: Clinician-targeted, computer-generated clinical reminders are associated with a significant increase in completion of overdue clinical tasks for HIV-infected and exposed children in a resource-limited setting. Pediatrics 2013;131:e789-e796 C1 [Were, Martin C.; Tierney, William M.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46254 USA. [Were, Martin C.; Tierney, William M.; Vreeman, Rachel C.] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46254 USA. [Were, Martin C.; Nyandiko, Winstone M.; Tierney, William M.; Vreeman, Rachel C.] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Nyandiko, Winstone M.] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth & Paediat, Eldoret, Kenya. [Huang, Kristin T. L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Slaven, James E.; Shen, Changyu] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Indianapolis, IN 46254 USA. [Vreeman, Rachel C.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46254 USA. RP Were, MC (reprint author), Regenstrief Inst Inc, 410 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46254 USA. EM mwere@iupui.edu FU Abbott Fund; CDC [R18 HK000058]; USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the US Agency for International Development (USAID); RWJF [RWJ68522]; National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH) [1K23MH087225-01] FX This work was supported primarily by Abbott Fund and CDC grant R18 HK000058. The work was also supported in part by the joint support for the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the US Agency for International Development (USAID). Dr Were is supported by a grant from Abbott Fund and RWJF Grant RWJ68522 as a Harold Amos Medical Faculty Program Scholar. Dr Vreeman is supported by a grant from the National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH) (1K23MH087225-01). The contents of this study are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funders or institutions. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2013 VL 131 IS 3 BP E789 EP E796 DI 10.1542/peds.2012-2072 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 098ZI UT WOS:000315587400017 PM 23439898 ER PT J AU Moore, K Townsend, J Spieler, J Coffey, PS Blithe, D Arndorfer, E Dawes, E AF Moore, Kirsten Townsend, John Spieler, Jeff Coffey, Patricia S. Blithe, Diana Arndorfer, Elizabeth Dawes, Elizabeth TI A greenprint for sustainable contraceptive research and development SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Moore, Kirsten; Arndorfer, Elizabeth; Dawes, Elizabeth] Reprod Hlth Technol Project, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Townsend, John] Populat Council, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Spieler, Jeff] United States Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Coffey, Patricia S.] PATH, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. [Blithe, Diana] US NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Dawes, E (reprint author), Reprod Hlth Technol Project, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM edawes@rhtp.org NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAR PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 BP 347 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.07.020 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 096SS UT WOS:000315425200015 PM 22974594 ER PT J AU Polis, CB Phillips, SJ Curtis, KM AF Polis, Chelsea B. Phillips, Sharon J. Curtis, Kathryn M. TI Hormonal contraceptive use and female-to-male HIV transmission: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE contraception; female-to-male HIV transmission; HIV; hormonal; prevention of mother-to-child transmission ID MARGINAL STRUCTURAL MODELS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CONSISTENT CONDOM USE; GENITAL-TRACT; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RISK-FACTORS; CERVICOVAGINAL SECRETIONS; HIV-1-INFECTED CELLS; ZIMBABWEAN WOMEN AB Objective: To systematically review epidemiologic evidence assessing whether hormonal contraception alters the risk of HIV transmission from an HIV-positive woman to an HIV-negative male partner. Design: Systematic review. Methods: We included articles published or in press through December 15, 2011. We assessed studies with direct evidence on hormonal contraception use and HIV transmission, and summarized studies with indirect evidence related to genital or plasma viral load. Results: One study provided direct evidence on oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) or injectable contraception and female-to-male HIV transmission; both injectables [Cox-adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR) 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-3.58; marginal structural model (MSM) adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) 3.01, 95% CI 1.47-6.16] and OCPs (Cox adjHR 2.09, 95% CI 0.75-5.84; MSM adjOR 2.35, 95% CI 0.79-6.95) generated elevated point estimates, but only estimates for injectables were significant. Findings from 11 indirect studies assessing various hormonal contraception methods and viral genital shedding or setpoint were mixed, and seven of eight studies indicated no adverse effect of various hormonal contraception methods on plasma viral load. Conclusion: The only direct study on OCPs or injectable contraception and female-to-male HIV transmission suggests increased risk with the use of injectables. Given the potential for confounding in observational data, the paucity of direct evidence on this subject, and mixed indirect evidence, additional evidence is needed. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins AIDS 2013, 27:493-505 C1 [Polis, Chelsea B.] United States Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Phillips, Sharon J.] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Curtis, Kathryn M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Polis, CB (reprint author), USAID GH PRH RTU, 1201 Pennsylvania Ave NW,Suite 315, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM cpolis@usaid.gov OI Polis, Chelsea/0000-0002-1031-7074 NR 83 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 20 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 4 BP 493 EP 505 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835ad539 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 094SM UT WOS:000315284100001 PM 23079808 ER PT J AU Kaplan, AD Dominis, S Palen, JGH Quain, EE AF Kaplan, Avril D. Dominis, Sarah Palen, John G. H. Quain, Estelle E. TI Human resource governance: what does governance mean for the health workforce in low- and middle-income countries? SO HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Health governance; Health workforce; Human resources for health; Health system strengthening; Human resource management ID SYSTEMS AB Background: Research on practical and effective governance of the health workforce is limited. This paper examines health system strengthening as it occurs in the intersection between the health workforce and governance by presenting a framework to examine health workforce issues related to eight governance principles: strategic vision, accountability, transparency, information, efficiency, equity/fairness, responsiveness and citizen voice and participation. Methods: This study builds off of a literature review that informed the development of a framework that describes linkages and assigns indicators between governance and the health workforce. A qualitative analysis of Health System Assessment (HSA) data, a rapid indicator-based methodology that determines the key strengths and weaknesses of a health system using a set of internationally recognized indicators, was completed to determine how 20 low-and middle-income countries are operationalizing health governance to improve health workforce performance. Results/discussion: The 20 countries assessed showed mixed progress in implementing the eight governance principles. Strengths highlighted include increasing the transparency of financial flows from sources to providers by implementing and institutionalizing the National Health Accounts methodology; increasing responsiveness to population health needs by training new cadres of health workers to address shortages and deliver care to remote and rural populations; having structures in place to register and provide licensure to medical professionals upon entry into the public sector; and implementing pilot programs that apply financial and non-financial incentives as a means to increase efficiency. Common weaknesses emerging in the HSAs include difficulties with developing, implementing and evaluating health workforce policies that outline a strategic vision for the health workforce; implementing continuous licensure and regulation systems to hold health workers accountable after they enter the workforce; and making use of health information systems to acquire data from providers and deliver it to policymakers. Conclusions: The breadth of challenges facing the health workforce requires strengthening health governance as well as human resource systems in order to effect change in the health system. Further research into the effectiveness of specific interventions that enhance the link between the health workforce and governance are warranted to determine approaches to strengthening the health system. C1 [Kaplan, Avril D.; Dominis, Sarah; Palen, John G. H.] Abt Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Quain, Estelle E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Palen, JGH (reprint author), Abt Associates Inc, 4550 Montgomery Ave, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM john_palen@abtassoc.com OI van der Palen, Job/0000-0003-1071-6769 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 23 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1478-4491 J9 HUM RESOUR HEALTH JI Hum. Resour. Health PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 11 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1478-4491-11-6 PG 12 WC Health Policy & Services; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Business & Economics GA 098RB UT WOS:000315565300001 PM 23414237 ER PT J AU Chuang, I Sedegah, M Cicatelli, S Spring, M Polhemus, M Tamminga, C Patterson, N Guerrero, M Bennett, JW McGrath, S Ganeshan, H Belmonte, M Farooq, F Abot, E Banania, JG Huang, J Newcomer, R Rein, L Litilit, D Richie, NO Wood, C Murphy, J Sauerwein, R Hermsen, CC McCoy, AJ Kamau, E Cummings, J Komisar, J Sutamihardja, A Shi, M Epstein, JE Maiolatesi, S Tosh, D Limbach, K Angov, E Bergmann-Leitner, E Bruder, JT Doolan, DL King, CR Carucci, D Dutta, S Soisson, L Diggs, C Hollingdale, MR Ockenhouse, CF Richie, TL AF Chuang, Ilin Sedegah, Martha Cicatelli, Susan Spring, Michele Polhemus, Mark Tamminga, Cindy Patterson, Noelle Guerrero, Melanie Bennett, Jason W. McGrath, Shannon Ganeshan, Harini Belmonte, Maria Farooq, Fouzia Abot, Esteban Banania, Jo Glenna Huang, Jun Newcomer, Rhonda Rein, Lisa Litilit, Dianne Richie, Nancy O. Wood, Chloe Murphy, Jittawadee Sauerwein, Robert Hermsen, Cornelus C. McCoy, Andrea J. Kamau, Edwin Cummings, James Komisar, Jack Sutamihardja, Awalludin Shi, Meng Epstein, Judith E. Maiolatesi, Santina Tosh, Donna Limbach, Keith Angov, Evelina Bergmann-Leitner, Elke Bruder, Joseph T. Doolan, Denise L. King, C. Richter Carucci, Daniel Dutta, Sheetij Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Hollingdale, Michael R. Ockenhouse, Christian F. Richie, Thomas L. TI DNA Prime/Adenovirus Boost Malaria Vaccine Encoding P-falciparum CSP and AMA1 Induces Sterile Protection Associated with Cell-Mediated Immunity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; PHASE 2A TRIAL; NAIVE ADULTS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; SPOROZOITE INOCULATION; VIRUS ANKARA; DOUBLE-BLIND; IMMUNIZATION AB Background: Gene-based vaccination using prime/boost regimens protects animals and humans against malaria, inducing cell-mediated responses that in animal models target liver stage malaria parasites. We tested a DNA prime/adenovirus boost malaria vaccine in a Phase 1 clinical trial with controlled human malaria infection. Methodology/Principal Findings: The vaccine regimen was three monthly doses of two DNA plasmids (DNA) followed four months later by a single boost with two non-replicating human serotype 5 adenovirus vectors (Ad). The constructs encoded genes expressing P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1). The regimen was safe and well-tolerated, with mostly mild adverse events that occurred at the site of injection. Only one AE (diarrhea), possibly related to immunization, was severe (Grade 3), preventing daily activities. Four weeks after the Ad boost, 15 study subjects were challenged with P. falciparum sporozoites by mosquito bite, and four (27%) were sterilely protected. Antibody responses by ELISA rose after Ad boost but were low (CSP geometric mean titer 210, range 44-817; AMA1 geometric mean micrograms/milliliter 11.9, range 1.5-102) and were not associated with protection. Ex vivo IFN-gamma ELISpot responses after Ad boost were modest (CSP geometric mean spot forming cells/million peripheral blood mononuclear cells 86, range 13-408; AMA1 348, range 88-1270) and were highest in three protected subjects. ELISpot responses to AMA1 were significantly associated with protection (p = 0.019). Flow cytometry identified predominant IFN-gamma mono-secreting CD8+ T cell responses in three protected subjects. No subjects with high pre-existing anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibodies were protected but the association was not statistically significant. Significance: The DNA/Ad regimen provided the highest sterile immunity achieved against malaria following immunization with a gene-based subunit vaccine (27%). Protection was associated with cell-mediated immunity to AMA1, with CSP probably contributing. Substituting a low seroprevalence vector for Ad5 and supplementing CSP/AMA1 with additional antigens may improve protection. C1 [Chuang, Ilin; Sedegah, Martha; Tamminga, Cindy; Patterson, Noelle; McGrath, Shannon; Ganeshan, Harini; Belmonte, Maria; Farooq, Fouzia; Abot, Esteban; Banania, Jo Glenna; Huang, Jun; Litilit, Dianne; McCoy, Andrea J.; Sutamihardja, Awalludin; Epstein, Judith E.; Maiolatesi, Santina; Limbach, Keith; Doolan, Denise L.; Carucci, Daniel; Hollingdale, Michael R.; Richie, Thomas L.] USN, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cicatelli, Susan; Spring, Michele; Polhemus, Mark; Guerrero, Melanie; Bennett, Jason W.; Newcomer, Rhonda; Rein, Lisa; Richie, Nancy O.; Wood, Chloe; Murphy, Jittawadee; Kamau, Edwin; Cummings, James; Komisar, Jack; Shi, Meng; Tosh, Donna; Angov, Evelina; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke; Dutta, Sheetij; Ockenhouse, Christian F.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sauerwein, Robert; Hermsen, Cornelus C.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Bruder, Joseph T.; King, C. Richter] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Richie, TL (reprint author), USN, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM thomas.richie@med.navy.mil RI Sauerwein, Robert/C-8519-2013; Bennett, Jason/B-3547-2011; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; Hermsen, C.C./L-4368-2015; OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956; Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU USAID "Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Malaria Vaccines" [GHA-P-00-03-00006-01, 936-3118]; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program "Development of Recombinant Adenoviral-based Vaccines against Malaria" [W81XWH-05-2-0041]; Military Infectious Research Program "Phase 1/2a clinical trials assessing the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity protective efficacy of Ad5-CA, a two-antigen, adenovirus-vectored Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, in healthy, malaria-nave adults" [62787A 870 F 1432] FX This work was supported by USAID "Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Malaria Vaccines" Grant #: GHA-P-00-03-00006-01, Project Number 936-3118; and the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program "Development of Recombinant Adenoviral-based Vaccines against Malaria" Grant #: W81XWH-05-2-0041.. Website: https://cdmrp.org. Military Infectious Research Program "Phase 1/2a clinical trials assessing the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity & protective efficacy of Ad5-CA, a two-antigen, adenovirus-vectored Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, in healthy, malaria-nave adults", work unit number 62787A 870 F 1432. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e55571 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055571 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 099EJ UT WOS:000315602700019 PM 23457473 ER PT J AU Welch, EW Shin, E Long, J AF Welch, Eric W. Shin, Eunjung Long, Jennifer TI Potential effects of the Nagoya Protocol on the exchange of non-plant genetic resources for scientific research: Actors, paths, and consequences SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Nagoya Protocol; Genetic resources; Material exchange; Global policy ID INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION; MATERIAL TRANSFER AGREEMENTS; BIODIVERSITY; SCIENCE; ACCESS; RIGHTS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; KNOWLEDGE; PATENTS; COLLABORATION AB Scholars have expressed concern that the Nagoya Protocol (NP) might hinder academic research by constraining the exchange and use of genetic resources (Jinnah and Jungcurt, 2009). This paper investigates current genetic resource exchange and use practices as a first step to better understand how the Protocol might affect US agricultural research. The paper addresses three main questions: (1) Who are the main actors sharing genetic resources in the US?; (2) What pathways exist for the exchange and how can they be characterized?; and (3) What consequences are expected to occur as a result of the potential implementation of the NP? Analysis of data from a 2011 national survey of government and university researchers shows that while many of the surveyed researchers are actively involved in exchange of genetic resources, few exchange large quantities of material. Pathways are best described as informal and based on expected reciprocity, and few report paying for genetic resources. While the use of material transfer agreements is low, use is associated with higher levels of expected reciprocity and intellectual property outcomes on projects. Conclusions discuss the implications of the findings for the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol and reflect on possible directions for future research. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Welch, Eric W.; Shin, Eunjung] Univ Illinois, Dept Publ Adm, Sci Technol & Environm Policy Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Long, Jennifer] USAID, Bur Food Secur ARP Res, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Welch, EW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Publ Adm, Sci Technol & Environm Policy Lab, 412 S Peoria St,M-C 278, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM ewwelch@uic.edu RI Welch, Eric/D-5097-2015 OI Welch, Eric/0000-0003-1902-0370 FU project titled 'Knowledge for Policy: Critical Research for Understanding Potential Impacts of ABS on Eight Sectors of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'; National Institute for Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture FX The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the earlier version of the article. Data analyzed in this article were collected under the auspices of the three-year (2008-2010) research project titled 'Knowledge for Policy: Critical Research for Understanding Potential Impacts of ABS on Eight Sectors of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture', funded by the National Institute for Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture (PI: Dr. Eric Welch). The views expressed in this paper are the authors', and do not necessarily reflect those of USDA, USAID or the U.S. Government. NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 86 BP 136 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.11.019 PG 12 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 128XR UT WOS:000317803500015 ER PT J AU McCubbin, D Sovacool, BK AF McCubbin, Donald Sovacool, Benjamin K. TI Quantifying the health and environmental benefits of wind power to natural gas SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Wind energy; Wind turbines; Wind power ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LIFE-CYCLE; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL COSTS; MORTALITY; ELECTRICITY; TECHNOLOGIES AB How tangible are the costs of natural gas compared to the benefits of one of the fastest growing sources of electricity - wind energy - in the United States? To answer this question, this article calculates the benefits of wind energy derived from two locations: the 580 MW wind farm at Altamont Pass, CA, and the 22 MW wind farm in Sawtooth, ID. Both wind farms have environmental and economic benefits that should be considered when evaluating the comparative costs of natural gas and wind energy. Though there are uncertainties within the data collected, for the period 2012-2031, the turbines at Altamont Pass will likely avoid anywhere from $560 million to $4.38 billion in human health and climate related externalities, and the turbines at Sawtooth will likely avoid $18 million to $104 million of human hearth and climate-related externalities. Translating these negative externalities into a cost per kWh of electricity, we estimate that Altamont will avoid costs of 1.8-11.8 cents/kWh and Sawtooth will avoid costs of 1.5-8.2 cents/kWh. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McCubbin, Donald] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Sovacool, Benjamin K.] Vermont Law Sch, Inst Energy & Environm, S Royalton, VT 05068 USA. RP Sovacool, BK (reprint author), Vermont Law Sch, Inst Energy & Environm, S Royalton, VT 05068 USA. EM sovacool@vt.edu OI Sovacool, Benjamin/0000-0002-4794-9403 FU Altamont Winds Incorporated; Idaho Winds Incorporated FX The authors are very grateful to three anonymous reviewers of this journal for their helpful suggestions for revision. We are also appreciative to Altamont Winds Incorporated, and Idaho Winds Incorporated, for supporting the research conducted here. Despite their assistance, all conclusions and statements in this article reflect only the views of the authors. NR 83 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD FEB PY 2013 VL 53 BP 429 EP 441 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.11.004 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 079SP UT WOS:000314192800038 ER PT J AU Passeport, E Vidon, P Forshay, KJ Harris, L Kaushal, SS Kellogg, DQ Lazar, J Mayer, P Stander, EK AF Passeport, Elodie Vidon, Philippe Forshay, Kenneth J. Harris, Lora Kaushal, Sujay S. Kellogg, Dorothy Q. Lazar, Julia Mayer, Paul Stander, Emilie K. TI Ecological Engineering Practices for the Reduction of Excess Nitrogen in Human-Influenced Landscapes: A Guide for Watershed Managers SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecological engineering; Nitrogen removal; Watershed; Land use; Aquatic ecosystems; Decision making ID HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW; NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; SEPTIC-SYSTEM NITRATE; RIPARIAN BUFFER ZONES; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; WASTE-WATER; DENITRIFICATION WALL; STREAM RESTORATION; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; URBAN STREAM AB Excess nitrogen (N) in freshwater systems, estuaries, and coastal areas has well-documented deleterious effects on ecosystems. Ecological engineering practices (EEPs) may be effective at decreasing nonpoint source N leaching to surface and groundwater. However, few studies have synthesized current knowledge about the functioning principles, performance, and cost of common EEPs used to mitigate N pollution at the watershed scale. Our review describes seven EEPs known to decrease N to help watershed managers select the most effective techniques from among the following approaches: advanced-treatment septic systems, low-impact development (LID) structures, permeable reactive barriers, treatment wetlands, riparian buffers, artificial lakes and reservoirs, and stream restoration. Our results show a broad range of N-removal effectiveness but suggest that all techniques could be optimized for N removal by promoting and sustaining conditions conducive to biological transformations (e.g., denitrification). Generally, N-removal efficiency is particularly affected by hydraulic residence time, organic carbon availability, and establishment of anaerobic conditions. There remains a critical need for systematic empirical studies documenting N-removal efficiency among EEPs and potential environmental and economic tradeoffs associated with the widespread use of these techniques. Under current trajectories of N inputs, land use, and climate change, ecological engineering alone may be insufficient to manage N in many watersheds, suggesting that N-pollution source prevention remains a critical need. Improved understanding of N-removal effectiveness and modeling efforts will be critical in building decision support tools to help guide the selection and application of best EEPs for N management. C1 [Passeport, Elodie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vidon, Philippe] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry Syracuse, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Forshay, Kenneth J.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ground Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Harris, Lora] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Kaushal, Sujay S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol & Earth Syst Sci, Interdisciplinary Ctr Coll Pk, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kellogg, Dorothy Q.; Lazar, Julia] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Mayer, Paul] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Stander, Emilie K.] US Agcy Int Dev, Amer Assoc Adv Sci, Off Water, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Mayer, P (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM epasseport@gmail.com; mayer.paul@epa.gov RI Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; Forshay, Ken/N-4068-2014; Forshay, Kenneth/P-3649-2015; OI Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Forshay, Ken/0000-0002-2867-8492; Forshay, Kenneth/0000-0002-2867-8492; Mayer, Paul/0000-0002-8550-1386 FU Denitrification Research Coordination Network of the National Science Foundation [DEB0443439]; United States Department of Agriculture CSREES Northeast States; Maryland Sea Grant [SA7528085-U, NA05OAR4171042, R/WS-2]; United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [CR829676] FX The authors thank George Loomis, research and extension soil scientist and director of the New England Onsite Wastewater Training Center, for sharing his expertise in advanced-treatment septic systems and Kathy Tynsky for creating the figures. This paper is a product of a workshop, Managing Denitrification in Human Dominated Landscapes,'' held May 12-14, 2009, at the University of Rhode Island Bay Campus, Narragansett, RI, USA, with support from the Denitrification Research Coordination Network of the National Science Foundation (award DEB0443439) and the United States Department of Agriculture CSREES Northeast States. Stream restoration research was funded by Maryland Sea Grant Awards SA7528085-U, NA05OAR4171042, and R/WS-2, and by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development under cooperative agreement CR829676. The research described in this article has not been subjected to USEPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 167 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 13 U2 289 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 51 IS 2 BP 392 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s00267-012-9970-y PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 081ID UT WOS:000314311300008 PM 23180248 ER PT J AU Ciaranello, AL Perez, F Engelsmann, B Walensky, RP Mushavi, A Rusibamayila, A Keatinge, J Park, JE Maruva, M Cerda, R Wood, R Dabis, F Freedberg, KA AF Ciaranello, Andrea L. Perez, Freddy Engelsmann, Barbara Walensky, Rochelle P. Mushavi, Angela Rusibamayila, Asinath Keatinge, Jo Park, Ji-Eun Maruva, Matthews Cerda, Rodrigo Wood, Robin Dabis, Francois Freedberg, Kenneth A. TI Cost-effectiveness of World Health Organization 2010 Guidelines for Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Zimbabwe SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE HIV; mother-to-child transmission; PMTCT; pediatric HIV; cost-effectiveness ID SINGLE-DOSE NEVIRAPINE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY PROGRAMS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SOUTH-AFRICA; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; INFECTED CHILDREN; POOLED ANALYSIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; FOLLOW-UP; POSTPARTUM WOMEN AB Background. In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) released revised guidelines for prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission (PMTCT). We projected clinical impacts, costs, and cost-effectiveness of WHO-recommended PMTCT strategies in Zimbabwe. Methods. We used Zimbabwean data in a validated computer model to simulate a cohort of pregnant, HIV-infected women (mean age, 24 years; mean CD4 count, 451 cells/mu L; subsequent 18 months of breastfeeding). We simulated guideline-concordant care for 4 PMTCT regimens: single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP); WHO-recommended Option A, WHO-recommended Option B, and Option B+ (lifelong maternal 3-drug antiretroviral therapy regardless of CD4). Outcomes included maternal and infant life expectancy (LE) and lifetime healthcare costs (2008 US dollars [USD]). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs, in USD per year of life saved [YLS]) were calculated from combined (maternal + infant) discounted costs and LE. Results. Replacing sdNVP with Option A increased combined maternal and infant LE from 36.97 to 37.89 years and would reduce lifetime costs from $5760 to $5710 per mother-infant pair. Compared with Option A, Option B further improved LE (38.32 years), and saved money within 4 years after delivery ($ 5630 per mother-infant pair). Option B+ (LE, 39.04 years; lifetime cost, $ 6620 per mother-infant pair) improved maternal and infant health, with an ICER of $ 1370 per YLS compared with Option B. Conclusions. Replacing sdNVP with Option A or Option B will improve maternal and infant outcomes and save money; Option B increases health benefits and decreases costs compared with Option A. Option B+ further improves maternal outcomes, with an ICER (compared with Option B) similar to many current HIV-related healthcare interventions. C1 [Ciaranello, Andrea L.; Walensky, Rochelle P.; Freedberg, Kenneth A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Med Practice Evaluat Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Walensky, Rochelle P.; Rusibamayila, Asinath; Park, Ji-Eun; Freedberg, Kenneth A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Cerda, Rodrigo] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Walensky, Rochelle P.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Walensky, Rochelle P.; Freedberg, Kenneth A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS Res, Boston, MA USA. [Perez, Freddy; Dabis, Francois] Univ Bordeaux, Inst Sante Publ Epidemiol & Dev, Bordeaux, France. [Perez, Freddy; Dabis, Francois] Ctr INSERM, Epidemiol Biostat U897, Bordeaux, France. [Perez, Freddy] Pan Amer Hlth Org, HIV AIDS Unit, Washington, DC USA. [Engelsmann, Barbara] Org Publ Hlth Intervent & Dev, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Mushavi, Angela] Minist Hlth & Child Welf, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Keatinge, Jo; Maruva, Matthews] US Agcy Int Dev, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Wood, Robin] Univ Cape Town, Inst Infect Dis & Mol Med, Desmond Tutu HIV Ctr, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. RP Ciaranello, AL (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Med Practice Evaluat Ctr, 50 Staniford St,9th Fl, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM aciaranello@partners.org RI 杜, 美晨/S-4063-2016; OI 杜, 美晨/0000-0002-1562-1155; Walensky, Rochelle P./0000-0002-8795-379X FU Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health [K01 AI078754, K24 AI062476, R01 AI058736]; Harvard University Center for AIDS Research FX This work was supported by the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (K01 AI078754 to A. L. C.; K24 AI062476 to K. A. F.; R01 AI058736 to R. P. W., A. R., J.-E. P., K. A. F; IMPAACT network to R. P. W., J.-E. P., K. A. F.); and Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (to K. A. F., R. P. W.). The funders had no role in study design, interpretation of results, or decision to publish. NR 99 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 56 IS 3 BP 430 EP 446 DI 10.1093/cid/cis858 PG 17 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 071TM UT WOS:000313617400025 PM 23204035 ER PT J AU Mah, TL Maughan-Brown, B AF Mah, Timothy L. Maughan-Brown, Brendan TI Social and cultural contexts of concurrency in a township in Cape Town, South Africa SO CULTURE HEALTH & SEXUALITY LA English DT Article DE concurrency; concurrent partnerships; HIV prevention; sexual partnerships; HIV; AIDS; South Africa ID SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS; CONDOM USE; HIV PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; MULTIPLE; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; MEN AB Understanding the social and cultural context in which concurrent sexual partnerships exist is important, given recent interventions to reduce their prevalence. This qualitative study seeks to improve the understanding of concurrent partnerships and perceptions of the link between concurrency and HIV risk in a South African township in Cape Town. Small-group discussion and focus-group participants reported that concurrency was a common phenomenon in their township. The most commonly cited reasons for participating in concurrent partnerships were material and financial exchange or gain and sexual dissatisfaction with partners. Although participants believed that being in a concurrent relationship increases the risk of acquiring HIV, they did not believe this discourages many people from engaging in these behaviours. This study highlights that concurrency in this context may be a social norm that is resistant to change. The efficacy of current programmes aimed at reducing concurrency needs to be examined in this context. Our findings suggest that improving economic independence at the individual level and improving sexual satisfaction within partnerships may have some leverage for concurrency reduction. An alternative approach to strengthen combination HIV-prevention strategies could be to increase condom use with the additional/side partners, whose predominant role is often perceived in terms of sex, with messages centred on the notion that sex with additional partner(s) should not endanger the main partner. C1 [Mah, Timothy L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Maughan-Brown, Brendan] Univ Cape Town, So Africa Labour & Dev Res Unit, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Mah, TL (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM tmah@usaid.gov NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1369-1058 J9 CULT HEALTH SEX JI Cult. Health Sex PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 15 IS 2 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1080/13691058.2012.745951 PG 13 WC Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 069EA UT WOS:000313416900002 PM 23181362 ER PT J AU Ouattara, A Takala-Harrison, S Thera, MA Coulibaly, D Niangaly, A Saye, R Tolo, Y Dutta, S Heppner, DG Soisson, L Diggs, CL Vekemans, J Cohen, J Blackwelder, WC Dube, T Laurens, MB Doumbo, OK Plowe, CV AF Ouattara, Amed Takala-Harrison, Shannon Thera, Mahamadou A. Coulibaly, Drissa Niangaly, Amadou Saye, Renion Tolo, Youssouf Dutta, Sheetij Heppner, D. Gray Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter L. Vekemans, Johan Cohen, Joe Blackwelder, William C. Dube, Tina Laurens, Matthew B. Doumbo, Ogobara K. Plowe, Christopher V. TI Molecular Basis of Allele-Specific Efficacy of a Blood-Stage Malaria Vaccine: Vaccine Development Implications SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; apical membrane antigen 1; AMA1; vaccine trial; allele-specific efficacy; cluster 1 loop ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANTIBODY; TRIAL; RESPONSES; POLYMORPHISMS; PROTECTION; DIVERSITY; SELECTION; RESIDUE AB The disappointing efficacy of blood-stage malaria vaccines may be explained in part by allele-specific immune responses that are directed against polymorphic epitopes on blood-stage antigens. FMP2.1/AS02(A), a blood-stage candidate vaccine based on apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) from the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, had allele-specific efficacy against clinical malaria in a phase II trial in Malian children. We assessed the cross-protective efficacy of the malaria vaccine and inferred which polymorphic amino acid positions in AMA1 were the targets of protective allele-specific immune responses. FMP2.1/AS02(A) had the highest efficacy against AMA1 alleles that were identical to the 3D7 vaccine-type allele at 8 highly polymorphic amino acid positions in the cluster 1 loop (c1L) but differed from 3D7 elsewhere in the molecule. Comparison of the incidence of vaccine-type alleles before and after vaccination in the malaria vaccine and control groups and examination of the patterns of allele change at polymorphic positions in consecutive malaria episodes suggest that the highly polymorphic amino acid position 197 in c1L was the most critical determinant of allele-specific efficacy. These results indicate that a multivalent AMA1 vaccine with broad efficacy could include only a limited set of key alleles of this extremely polymorphic antigen. C1 [Ouattara, Amed; Thera, Mahamadou A.; Coulibaly, Drissa; Niangaly, Amadou; Saye, Renion; Tolo, Youssouf; Doumbo, Ogobara K.] Univ Sci Tech & Technol, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Ouattara, Amed; Takala-Harrison, Shannon; Blackwelder, William C.; Laurens, Matthew B.; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Dutta, Sheetij; Heppner, D. Gray] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Dube, Tina] EMMES, Rockville, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Vekemans, Johan; Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. RP Plowe, CV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ctr Vaccine Dev, 685 W Baltimore St,HSF1-480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM cplowe@medicine.umaryland.edu RI Laurens, Matthew/E-7293-2013 OI Laurens, Matthew/0000-0003-3874-581X FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [N01AI85346, U19AI065683]; Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health [D43TW001589]; US Department of Defense [W81XWH-06-1-0427]; US Agency for International Development [W81XWH-06-1-0427]; University of Maryland Multidisciplinary Clinical Research Career Development Program (NIH) [K12RR023250] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (contract N01AI85346 and cooperative agreement U19AI065683), the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health (grant D43TW001589), both the US Department of Defense and US Agency for International Development (contract W81XWH-06-1-0427), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (support for training and genetics analysis), and the University of Maryland Multidisciplinary Clinical Research Career Development Program (NIH award K12RR023250 to S. T.-H.). NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 207 IS 3 BP 511 EP 519 DI 10.1093/infdis/jis709 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 066JH UT WOS:000313216300020 PM 23204168 ER PT J AU Yukich, JO Taylor, C Eisele, TP Reithinger, R Nauhassenay, H Berhane, Y Keating, J AF Yukich, Joshua O. Taylor, Cameron Eisele, Thomas P. Reithinger, Richard Nauhassenay, Honelgn Berhane, Yemane Keating, Joseph TI Travel history and malaria infection risk in a low-transmission setting in Ethiopia: a case control study SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Travel; Human movement; Importation; Plasmodium vivax; Plasmodium falciparum; Ethiopia; Reservoir infection ID HUMAN MOBILITY; HUMAN MOVEMENT; IMPACT; URBANIZATION; IRRIGATION; MORBIDITY; COLOMBIA; CHILDREN; AFRICA; OROMIA AB Background: Malaria remains the leading communicable disease in Ethiopia, with around one million clinical cases of malaria reported annually. The country currently has plans for elimination for specific geographic areas of the country. Human movement may lead to the maintenance of reservoirs of infection, complicating attempts to eliminate malaria. Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted with 560 adult patients at a Health Centre in central Ethiopia. Patients who received a malaria test were interviewed regarding their recent travel histories. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine if reported travel outside of the home village within the last month was related to malaria infection status. Results: After adjusting for several known confounding factors, travel away from the home village in the last 30 days was a statistically significant risk factor for infection with Plasmodium falciparum (AOR 1.76; p=0.03) but not for infection with Plasmodium vivax (AOR 1.17; p=0.62). Male sex was strongly associated with any malaria infection (AOR 2.00; p=0.001). Conclusions: Given the importance of identifying reservoir infections, consideration of human movement patterns should factor into decisions regarding elimination and disease prevention, especially when targeted areas are limited to regions within a country. C1 [Yukich, Joshua O.; Eisele, Thomas P.; Keating, Joseph] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth Syst & Dev, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Taylor, Cameron] ICF Int, Calverton, MD USA. [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, Richard] RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. [Nauhassenay, Honelgn; Berhane, Yemane] Kirikos Subcity, Addis Continental Inst Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Yukich, JO (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth Syst & Dev, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM jyukich@tulane.edu OI Berhane, Yemane/0000-0002-2527-1339 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JAN 24 PY 2013 VL 12 AR 33 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-12-33 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 118YI UT WOS:000317062800004 PM 23347703 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Ensuring health in universal health coverage SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 24 PY 2013 VL 493 IS 7433 BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 075GF UT WOS:000313871400004 PM 23344323 ER PT J AU Otsyula, N Angov, E Bergmann-Leitner, E Koech, M Khan, F Bennett, J Otieno, L Cummings, J Andagalu, B Tosh, D Waitumbi, J Richie, N Shi, M Miller, L Otieno, W Otieno, GA Ware, L House, B Godeaux, O Dubois, MC Ogutu, B Ballou, WR Soisson, L Diggs, C Cohen, J Polhemus, M Heppner, DG Ockenhouse, CF Spring, MD AF Otsyula, Nekoye Angov, Evelina Bergmann-Leitner, Elke Koech, Margaret Khan, Farhat Bennett, Jason Otieno, Lucas Cummings, James Andagalu, Ben Tosh, Donna Waitumbi, John Richie, Nancy Shi, Meng Miller, Lori Otieno, Walter Otieno, Godfrey Allan Ware, Lisa House, Brent Godeaux, Olivier Dubois, Marie-Claude Ogutu, Bernhards Ballou, W. Ripley Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Cohen, Joe Polhemus, Mark Heppner, D. Gray, Jr. Ockenhouse, Christian F. Spring, Michele D. TI Results from tandem Phase 1 studies evaluating the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the vaccine candidate antigen Plasmodium falciparum FVO merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1(42)) administered intramuscularly with adjuvant system AS01 SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Vaccine; Merozoite surface protein-1; Plasmodium ID PROTECTS AOTUS MONKEYS; MALARIA-NAIVE ADULTS; BLOOD-STAGE VACCINE; C-TERMINAL FRAGMENT; INHIBITORY ANTIBODIES; TRIAL; CHALLENGE; GROWTH; RTS,S/AS02A; PARASITES AB Background: The development of an asexual blood stage vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria based on the major merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1) antigen is founded on the protective efficacy observed in preclinical studies and induction of invasion and growth inhibitory antibody responses. The 42 kDa C-terminus of MSP1 has been developed as the recombinant protein vaccine antigen, and the 3D7 allotype, formulated with the Adjuvant System AS02A, has been evaluated extensively in human clinical trials. In preclinical rabbit studies, the FVO allele of MSP1(42) has been shown to have improved immunogenicity over the 3D7 allele, in terms of antibody titres as well as growth inhibitory activity of antibodies against both the heterologous 3D7 and homologous FVO parasites. Methods: Two Phase 1 clinical studies were conducted to examine the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the FVO allele of MSP1(42) in the adjuvant system AS01 administered intramuscularly at 0-, 1-, and 2-months: one in the USA and, after evaluation of safety data results, one in Western Kenya. The US study was an open-label, dose escalation study of 10 and 50 mu g doses of MSP1(42) in 26 adults, while the Kenya study, evaluating 30 volunteers, was a double-blind, randomized study of only the 50 mu g dose with a rabies vaccine comparator. Results: In these studies it was demonstrated that this vaccine formulation has an acceptable safety profile and is immunogenic in malaria-naive and malaria-experienced populations. High titres of anti-MSP1 antibodies were induced in both study populations, although there was a limited number of volunteers whose serum demonstrated significant inhibition of blood-stage parasites as measured by growth inhibition assay. In the US volunteers, the antibodies generated exhibited better cross-reactivity to heterologous MSP1 alleles than a MSP1-based vaccine (3D7 allele) previously tested at both study sites. Conclusions: Given that the primary effector mechanism for blood stage vaccine targets is humoral, the antibody responses demonstrated to this vaccine candidate, both quantitative (total antibody titres) and qualitative (functional antibodies inhibiting parasite growth) warrant further consideration of its application in endemic settings. C1 [Otsyula, Nekoye; Koech, Margaret; Otieno, Lucas; Andagalu, Ben; Waitumbi, John; Otieno, Walter; Otieno, Godfrey Allan; Ogutu, Bernhards] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya. [Angov, Evelina; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke; Khan, Farhat; Bennett, Jason; Cummings, James; Tosh, Donna; Richie, Nancy; Shi, Meng; Miller, Lori; Ware, Lisa; House, Brent; Polhemus, Mark; Heppner, D. Gray, Jr.; Ockenhouse, Christian F.; Spring, Michele D.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Godeaux, Olivier; Dubois, Marie-Claude; Ballou, W. Ripley; Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Ockenhouse, CF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Malaria Vaccine Branch, 2460 Linden Lane,Bldg 503, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM christian.f.ockenhouse@us.army.mil RI Bennett, Jason/B-3547-2011; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/B-3548-2011 OI Bergmann-Leitner, Elke/0000-0002-8571-8956 FU Office of the Surgeon General, US Army; US Agency for International Development (USAID); GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals (GSK); US Army Medical and Materiel Research Command (USAMRMC) FX MCD, OG, JC and WRB are employees of GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals s.a. (GSK). They own shares and options to shares in GSK. In addition JC and WRB are listed as inventors of patented malaria vaccines, but do not hold a patent for a malaria vaccine. Specifically EA and JC are listed as inventors on patent for this MSP142FVO antigen. The Study Sponsor was the Office of the Surgeon General, US Army. This study was funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID), with partial support from GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals (GSK) and the US Army Medical and Materiel Research Command (USAMRMC). There are no other competing interests. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JAN 23 PY 2013 VL 12 AR 29 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-12-29 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 118YC UT WOS:000317062200001 PM 23342996 ER PT J AU Boateng, D Kwapong, GD Agyei-Baffour, P AF Boateng, Daniel Kwapong, Golda Dokuaa Agyei-Baffour, Peter TI Knowledge, perception about antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) and adherence to ART among HIV positive women in the Ashanti Region, Ghana: a cross-sectional study SO BMC WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ART; PMTCT; HIV; Women; Ghana ID BARRIERS AB Background: Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) has been identified as the greatest means of HIV infection among children. Adherence to antiretroviral drugs is necessary to prevent drug resistance and MTCT of HIV among HIV positive women. However, there is a gap in clients' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) which influence their decision to adhere to ART. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study involved 229 HIV positive women in reproductive age (18 - 49 years) and had been on ART for at least six months. Fourteen health workers were also included in the qualitative study. Respondents were selected from three ART centers in the Kumasi Metropolis through systematic random sampling from August to November 2011. HIV positive women who had consistently missed two or more ART appointments within the previous two months were classified as defaulters. Data was analyzed with SPSS 19 and STATA 11. Logistic regression was run to assess the odds ratios at 95% confidence level. Results: The ART defaulter rate was 27% and clients had good knowledge about ART and PMTCT. More than 90% of the HIV positive women had inadequate knowledge about ART and PMTCT and these women were more likely to default ART (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.89, 6.21). The educational background of HIV positive women did not have significant influence on their knowledge of ART and PMTCT. Conclusions: Mothers, knowledge and understanding of ART and PMTCT could influence their adherence to ART. Educational interventions which target the understanding of both the literate and illiterate women in society are necessary to develop positive behaviors and enhance adherence to ART. C1 [Boateng, Daniel; Agyei-Baffour, Peter] Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Community Hlth, Kumasi, Ghana. [Kwapong, Golda Dokuaa] United States Agcy Int Dev, Focus Reg Hlth Projects, Accra, Ghana. RP Boateng, D (reprint author), Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Community Hlth, Kumasi, Ghana. EM kingdannie@gmail.com OI Boateng, Daniel/0000-0001-7568-7298 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6874 J9 BMC WOMENS HEALTH JI BMC Womens Health PD JAN 22 PY 2013 VL 13 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1472-6874-13-2 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 089RN UT WOS:000314927800001 PM 23336813 ER PT J AU Chemaitelly, H Shelton, JD Hallett, TB Abu-Raddad, LJ AF Chemaitelly, Hiam Shelton, James D. Hallett, Timothy B. Abu-Raddad, Laith J. TI Only a fraction of new HIV infections occur within identifiable stable discordant couples in sub-Saharan Africa SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE demographic and health surveys; HIV incidence; mathematical model; sero-discordant couples; sub-Saharan Africa ID SUBTYPE C INFECTION; MALE CIRCUMCISION; SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS; COITAL-ACT; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; TRIAL; PREVALENCE; UGANDA; RAKAI AB Objective: To estimate the contribution of HIV-1 sero-conversions among stable HIV sero-discordant couples (SDCs) to total HIV population-level incidence in sub-Saharan Africa. Design and methods: We constructed a mathematical model, grounded in nationally representative demographic and epidemiological data, that estimates the annual number of HIV-1 transmissions from the infected partners to the uninfected partners among established SDCs, and compares its value to an estimate for the overall HIV population-level incidence in 20 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We defined identifiable HIV-1 transmissions among SDCs as those that a hypothetical screening and intervention program would have the potential to avert. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were incorporated to assess the robustness of the findings. Results: Across the 20 countries, an average of 29% (range: 10-52%) of new HIV-1 infections occurred in which one partner in an identifiable SDC infected the other. The percentage of total HIV new infections in a country that occurred within such identifiable SDCs tended to be lower in countries with larger general population HIV epidemics. For most countries, HIV-1 incidence among SDCs is unlikely to exceed 50% of new HIV infections in the whole population. Conclusion: Only a fraction of HIV-1 heterosexual transmissions occur within identifiable SDCs. Prevention within SDCs at scale requires a series of potentially challenging programmatic requirements to be met. Despite the importance of prevention programs aiming at protecting the sero-negative partner in an SDC, a wider strategy utilizing the full range of prevention modalities, which would limit the original generation of SDCs, is also needed. (c) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins AIDS 2013, 27:251-260 C1 [Chemaitelly, Hiam; Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Cornell Univ, Qatar Fdn, Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, Education City, Doha, Qatar. [Shelton, James D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hallett, Timothy B.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. [Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Vaccine & Infect Dis Div, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Abu-Raddad, LJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Qatar Fdn, Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, POB 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar. EM lja2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu OI Chemaitelly, Hiam/0000-0002-8756-6968; Abu-Raddad, Laith/0000-0003-0790-0506 FU Qatar National Research Fund [NPRP 08-068-3-024]; Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core at the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar; National Institutes of Health [R01 AI083034]; Welcome Trust FX We thank Dr Eleanor Gouws for kindly providing us with the UNAIDS SPECTRUM model incidence estimates, and Professor Richard Hayes for insightful comments that inspired this work. H.C., T.B.H. and L.J.A. are grateful for the Qatar National Research Fund for supporting this work (NPRP 08-068-3-024), and the support provided by the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core at the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar. L.J.A. and T.B.H. are also grateful to the National Institutes of Health (R01 AI083034), and T.B.H. to The Welcome Trust, for supporting this work. H.C. managed the DHS databases, conducted most of the statistical and mathematical modeling analyses, and wrote the first draft of the article. L.J.A. conceived, led the design of the study, mathematical modeling analyses, and drafting of the article. All authors contributed to the conduct of the study, the interpretation of the results, and the writing of the article. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 14 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835ad459 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 057DS UT WOS:000312542900014 PM 23079805 ER PT J AU Siika, AM Yiannoutsos, CT Wools-Kaloustian, KK Musick, BS Mwangi, AW Diero, LO Kimaiyo, SN Tierney, WM Carter, JE AF Siika, Abraham M. Yiannoutsos, Constantin T. Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K. Musick, Beverly S. Mwangi, Ann W. Diero, Lameck O. Kimaiyo, Sylvester N. Tierney, William M. Carter, Jane E. TI Active Tuberculosis Is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes in HIV-Infected African Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; WESTERN KENYA; WEIGHT-LOSS; SURVIVAL; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; EXPERIENCE AB Objective: This cohort study utilized data from a large HIV treatment program in western Kenya to describe the impact of active tuberculosis (TB) on clinical outcomes among African patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Design: We included all patients initiating ART between March 2004 and November 2007. Clinical (signs and symptoms), radiological (chest radiographs) and laboratory (mycobacterial smears, culture and tissue histology) criteria were used to record the diagnosis of TB disease in the program's electronic medical record system. Methods: We assessed the impact of TB disease on mortality, loss to follow-up (LTFU) and incident AIDS-defining events (ADEs) through Cox models and CD4 cell and weight response to ART by non-linear mixed models. Results: We studied 21,242 patients initiating ART-5,186 (24%) with TB; 62% female; median age 37 years. There were proportionately more men in the active TB (46%) than in the non-TB (35%) group. Adjusting for baseline HIV-disease severity, TB patients were more likely to die (hazard ratio - HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.18-1.47) or have incident ADEs (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.19-1.45). They had lower median CD4 cell counts (77 versus 109), weight (52.5 versus 55.0 kg) and higher ADE risk at baseline (CD4-adjusted odds ratio = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.31-1.85). ART adherence was similarly good in both groups. Adjusting for gender and baseline CD4 cell count, TB patients experienced virtually identical rise in CD4 counts after ART initiation as those without. However, the overall CD4 count at one year was lower among patients with TB (251 versus 269 cells/mu l). Conclusions: Clinically detected TB disease is associated with greater mortality and morbidity despite salutary response to ART. Data suggest that identifying HIV patients co-infected with TB earlier in the HIV-disease trajectory may not fully address TB-related morbidity and mortality. C1 [Siika, Abraham M.; Diero, Lameck O.; Kimaiyo, Sylvester N.] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Siika, Abraham M.; Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K.; Musick, Beverly S.; Mwangi, Ann W.; Diero, Lameck O.; Kimaiyo, Sylvester N.; Tierney, William M.; Carter, Jane E.] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K.; Musick, Beverly S.; Tierney, William M.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Mwangi, Ann W.] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Tierney, William M.; Carter, Jane E.] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Siika, AM (reprint author), Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. EM amsiika@africaonline.co.ke FU USAID PEPFAR's grant [623-A-00-08-00003-00]; Prevention of Maternal To Child Transmission (MTCT - Plus) Initiative; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Kenya National AIDS and STI Control Program (NASCOP); National AIDS Control Council (NACC); United States Agency for International Development President's Emergency Program For AIDS Relief (USAID - PEPFAR); National Institutes of Health grant [AI-069911] FX The USAID-AMPATH Partnership clinical care programs are supported by USAID PEPFAR's grant #623-A-00-08-00003-00. The USAID-AMPATH Partnership program has in the past received support from the Prevention of Maternal To Child Transmission (MTCT - Plus) Initiative, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Kenya National AIDS and STI Control Program (NASCOP) and National AIDS Control Council (NACC) and is currently funded by the United States Agency for International Development President's Emergency Program For AIDS Relief (USAID - PEPFAR). Dr. Yiannoutsos' and Wools-Kaloustian's research was partially supported by the National Institutes of Health grant AI-069911. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 2 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 1 AR e53022 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0053022 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 067UP UT WOS:000313320900053 PM 23301015 ER PT J AU Butler, AR Smith, JA Polis, CB Gregson, S Stanton, D Hallett, TB AF Butler, Ailsa R. Smith, Jennifer A. Polis, Chelsea B. Gregson, Simon Stanton, David Hallett, Timothy B. TI Modelling the global competing risks of a potential interaction between injectable hormonal contraception and HIV risk SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE heterosexual transmission; HIV acquisition risk; injectable hormonal contraception; live births; maternal mortality; women ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SOUTH-AFRICA; ACQUISITION; INFECTION; WOMEN; PREGNANCY; UGANDA; SEROCONVERSION; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE AB Background: Some, but not all, observational studies have suggested an increase in the risk of HIV acquisition for women using injectable hormonal contraception (IHC). Methods: We used country-level data to explore the effects of reducing IHC use on the number of HIV infections, the number of live births and the resulting net consequences on AIDS deaths and maternal mortality for each country. Results: High IHC use coincides with high HIV incidence primarily in southern and eastern Africa. If IHC increases the risk of HIV acquisition, this could generate 27000-130000 infections per year globally, 87-88% of which occur in this region. Reducing IHC use could result in fewer HIV infections but also a substantial increase in live births and maternal mortality in countries with high IHC use, high birth rates and high maternal mortality: mainly southern and eastern Africa, South-East Asia, and Central and South America. For most countries, the net impact of reducing IHC use on maternal and AIDS-related deaths is dependent on the magnitude of the assumed IHC HIV interaction. Conclusions: If IHC use increases HIV acquisition risk, reducing IHC could reduce new HIV infections; however, this must be balanced against other important consequences, including unintended pregnancy, which impacts maternal and infant mortality. Unless the true effect size approaches a relative risk of 2.19, it is unlikely that reductions in IHC could result in public health benefit, with the possible exception of those countries in southern Africa with the largest HIV epidemics. (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins AIDS 2013, 27:105-113 C1 [Butler, Ailsa R.; Smith, Jennifer A.; Gregson, Simon; Hallett, Timothy B.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. [Polis, Chelsea B.; Stanton, David] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. EM jennifer.smith@imperial.ac.uk OI Polis, Chelsea/0000-0002-1031-7074 FU Wellcome Trust [090285/Z/09/Z]; Qatar National Research Foundation [NPRP 08-068-3-024] FX The authors thank Geoff Garnett (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Imperial College London). This work was supported by grants from the Wellcome Trust (090285/Z/09/Z) and the Qatar National Research Foundation (NPRP 08-068-3-024). NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 2 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835a5a52 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 054QJ UT WOS:000312358000013 PM 23014519 ER PT B AU Huston, S AF Huston, Sam BE Weinthal, E Troell, J Nakayama, M TI Thirsty for peace: The water sector in South Sudan SO WATER AND POST-CONFLICT PEACEBUILDING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Huston, Sam] USAID, Khartoum, Sudan. RP Huston, S (reprint author), Tetra Tech ARD USAID Funded Afghan Sustainable Wa, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84971-232-3; 978-1-84977-580-9 PY 2013 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations; Public Administration GA BB5TI UT WOS:000344088700008 ER PT B AU Vardanyan, M Volk, R AF Vardanyan, Marina Volk, Richard BE Weinthal, E Troell, J Nakayama, M TI Transnational cooperation over shared water resources in the South Caucasus: Reflections on USAID interventions SO WATER AND POST-CONFLICT PEACEBUILDING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Vardanyan, Marina] USAID, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Volk, Richard] USAID, Water Team, Washington, DC USA. RP Vardanyan, M (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84971-232-3; 978-1-84977-580-9 PY 2013 BP 297 EP 304 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations; Public Administration GA BB5TI UT WOS:000344088700020 ER PT B AU Dehgan, A Palmer-Moloney, LJ Mirzaee, M AF Dehgan, Alex Palmer-Moloney, Laura Jean Mirzaee, Mehdi BE Weinthal, E Troell, J Nakayama, M TI Water security and scarcity: Potential destabilization in western Afghanistan and Iranian Sistan and Baluchestan due to transboundary water conflicts SO WATER AND POST-CONFLICT PEACEBUILDING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dehgan, Alex] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Palmer-Moloney, Laura Jean] US Army Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Mirzaee, Mehdi] Islamic Azad Univ, Cent Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. [Mirzaee, Mehdi] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ctr Water Conflict Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dehgan, A (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84971-232-3; 978-1-84977-580-9 PY 2013 BP 305 EP 326 PG 22 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations; Public Administration GA BB5TI UT WOS:000344088700021 ER PT B AU Heller, PRP AF Heller, Patrick R. P. BE AppiahAdu, K TI Civil Society and the Evolution of Accountability in the Petroleum Sector SO GOVERNANCE OF THE PETROLEUM SECTOR IN AN EMERGING DEVELOPING ECONOMY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB As attention to the opportunities and the risks associated with the petroleum industry has risen, so too has the impact of civil society organizations on governance of the sector. Within oil-producing countries, diverse groups of activists, journalists, academics and community representatives have developed sophisticated tools for influencing public policy and promoting more accountable practices. At an international level, civil society has coalesced to organize successful campaigns to develop strong international reporting standards and collect lessons learnt from global practice. This chapter examines the influence that civil society has had on the evolution of norms and procedures for oil sector management, both at a national and international level, and identifies emerging issues and tactics that civil society groups are beginning to utilize as their approaches continue to grow more nuanced. C1 [Heller, Patrick R. P.] US Dept State, Washington, DC USA. [Heller, Patrick R. P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Heller, Patrick R. P.] Asian Dev Bank, Manila, Philippines. [Heller, Patrick R. P.] Stanford Univ, Program Energy & Sustainable Dev, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-6308-5; 978-1-4094-6307-8 PY 2013 BP 89 EP 107 PG 19 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BB0YB UT WOS:000340831500009 ER PT B AU Davies, J AF Davies, Janette BE Buang, A Momsen, J TI The Sustainability of Sexual Behaviour Change Amongst a Zambian Community Affected by AIDS SO WOMEN AND EMPOWERMENT IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Davies, Janette] Univ Oxford, Inst Social & Cultural Anthropol, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Davies, Janette] USAID, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Davies, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Inst Social & Cultural Anthropol, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENERBIT UNIV KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA PI SELANGOR DE PA 43600 UKM BANGI, SELANGOR DE, 00000, MALAYSIA BN 978-967-412-027-6 PY 2013 BP 48 EP 63 PG 16 WC Geography; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Women's Studies SC Geography; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Women's Studies GA BA5NK UT WOS:000336866100004 ER PT J AU Cochrane, N Jorgji, K AF Cochrane, Nancy Jorgji, Kristaq BE ChanHalbrendt, C FantleLepczyk, J TI Twenty Years of Transition in Central and Eastern Europe-an Overview SO AGRICULTURAL MARKETS IN A TRANSITIONING ECONOMY: AN ALBANIAN CASE STUDY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cochrane, Nancy] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Jorgji, Kristaq] USAID, Tirana, Albania. RP Cochrane, N (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Mail Stop 1800, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM Cochrane@ers.usda.gov; kjorgji@usaid.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78064-100-3 PY 2013 BP 1 EP 17 D2 10.1079/9781780641003.0000 PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Planning & Development SC Agriculture; Public Administration GA BA3LY UT WOS:000334353700003 ER PT J AU Cairncross, S Petach, H AF Cairncross, Sandy Petach, Helen TI The risk of unimproved water and sanitation and the global burden of disease SO JOURNAL OF WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE FOR DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID HYGIENE C1 [Cairncross, Sandy] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Petach, Helen] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Petach, H (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM hpetach@usaid.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 2043-9083 J9 J WATER SANIT HYG DE JI J. Wate Sanit. Hyg. Dev. PY 2013 VL 3 IS 4 BP 479 EP 480 DI 10.2166/washdev.2013.054 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AB2GG UT WOS:000331610600001 ER PT B AU Lemarchand, R AF Lemarchand, Rene BE Hall, JA Malesevic, S TI War and nationalism The view from Central Africa SO NATIONALISM AND WAR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lemarchand, Rene] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lemarchand, Rene] USAID, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Lemarchand, Rene] USAID, Accra, Ghana. RP Lemarchand, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03475-4; 978-1-107-61008-8 PY 2013 BP 306 EP 320 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139540964 PG 15 WC History; Sociology SC History; Sociology GA BHX90 UT WOS:000326965700013 ER PT J AU Pries, A Osei, A Pandey, P Adhikari, D Sharma, N Davis, D Nielsen, J Quinn, V Haselow, N AF Pries, A. Osei, A. Pandey, P. Adhikari, D. Sharma, N. Davis, D. Nielsen, J. Quinn, V. Haselow, N. TI IMPACT OF HOMESTEAD FOOD PRODUCTION ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN 12-48 MONTHS AND THEIR MOTHERS IN BAITADI DISTRICT, NEPAL SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE children; homestead food production; anemia C1 [Pries, A.; Osei, A.; Haselow, N.] Helen Keller Int, Asia Pacific Reg Off, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Pandey, P.; Sharma, N.; Davis, D.] Helen Keller Int, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Adhikari, D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Nielsen, J.] Helen Keller Int, New York, NY USA. [Quinn, V.] Helen Keller Int, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 EI 1421-9697 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2013 VL 63 SU 1 BP 436 EP 436 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 219YR UT WOS:000324548202073 ER PT J AU Osei, A Pandey, P Adhikari, D Nielsen, J Davis, D AF Osei, A. Pandey, P. Adhikari, D. Nielsen, J. Davis, D. TI USING HOMESTEAD FOOD PRODUCTION PROGRAM AS A PLATFORM TO DELIVER MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT POWDERS TO INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN IN NEPAL SO ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Anemia; micronutrient powders (MNP); Nepal; children C1 [Osei, A.] Helen Keller Int, Asia Pacific Reg Off, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Pandey, P.; Davis, D.] Helen Keller Int, Nepal Country Off, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. [Adhikari, D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Nielsen, J.] Helen Keller Int, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-6807 EI 1421-9697 J9 ANN NUTR METAB JI Ann. Nutr. Metab. PY 2013 VL 63 SU 1 BP 1494 EP 1494 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 219YR UT WOS:000324548204607 ER PT B AU El-Saharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM AF El-Saharty, Sameh Ahsan, Karar Zunaid Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P. Engelgau, Michael M. BA ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM BF ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM TI Tackling Noncommunicable Diseases in Bangladesh Now Is the Time Overview SO TACKLING NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN BANGLADESH: NOW IS THE TIME SE Directions in Development LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID BURDEN C1 [El-Saharty, Sameh; Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.; Engelgau, Michael M.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Amer Univ Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. [Ahsan, Karar Zunaid] World Bank, South Asia Human Dev Sect, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Ctr Systemat Review, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] George Mason Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Engelgau, Michael M.] US CDC Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Engelgau, Michael M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP El-Saharty, S (reprint author), World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-9920-0; 978-0-8213-9921-7 J9 DIR DEV PY 2013 BP 1 EP 15 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-9920-0 PG 15 WC Health Policy & Services; Planning & Development SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public Administration GA BHB61 UT WOS:000324888000002 ER PT J AU El-Saharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM AF El-Saharty, Sameh Ahsan, Karar Zunaid Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P. Engelgau, Michael M. BA ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM BF ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM TI Tackling Noncommunicable Diseases in Bangladesh Now Is the Time Preface SO TACKLING NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN BANGLADESH: NOW IS THE TIME SE Directions in Development LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [El-Saharty, Sameh; Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.; Engelgau, Michael M.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Amer Univ Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. [Ahsan, Karar Zunaid] World Bank, South Asia Human Dev Sect, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Ctr Systemat Review, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] George Mason Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Engelgau, Michael M.] US CDC Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Engelgau, Michael M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP El-Saharty, S (reprint author), World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-9920-0 J9 DIR DEV PY 2013 BP IX EP X D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-9920-0 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services; Planning & Development SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public Administration GA BHB61 UT WOS:000324888000001 ER PT B AU El-Saharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM AF El-Saharty, Sameh Ahsan, Karar Zunaid Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P. Engelgau, Michael M. BA ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM BF ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM TI Contexts and Transitions SO TACKLING NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN BANGLADESH: NOW IS THE TIME SE Directions in Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [El-Saharty, Sameh; Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.; Engelgau, Michael M.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Amer Univ Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. [Ahsan, Karar Zunaid] World Bank, South Asia Human Dev Sect, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Ctr Systemat Review, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] George Mason Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Engelgau, Michael M.] US CDC Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Engelgau, Michael M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP El-Saharty, S (reprint author), World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-9920-0; 978-0-8213-9921-7 J9 DIR DEV PY 2013 BP 17 EP 26 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-9920-0 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Planning & Development SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public Administration GA BHB61 UT WOS:000324888000003 ER PT J AU El-Saharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM AF El-Saharty, Sameh Ahsan, Karar Zunaid Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P. Engelgau, Michael M. BA ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM BF ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM TI Burden of Disease and Risk Factors for NCDs SO TACKLING NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN BANGLADESH: NOW IS THE TIME SE Directions in Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RURAL BANGLADESH; DRINKING-WATER; GLOBAL BURDEN; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; TOBACCO; HEALTH; DISABILITY; COMMUNITY; COUNTRIES C1 [El-Saharty, Sameh; Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.; Engelgau, Michael M.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Amer Univ Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. [Ahsan, Karar Zunaid] World Bank, South Asia Human Dev Sect, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Ctr Systemat Review, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] George Mason Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Engelgau, Michael M.] US CDC Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Engelgau, Michael M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP El-Saharty, S (reprint author), World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 104 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-9920-0 J9 DIR DEV PY 2013 BP 27 EP 60 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-9920-0 PG 34 WC Health Policy & Services; Planning & Development SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public Administration GA BHB61 UT WOS:000324888000004 ER PT J AU El-Saharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM AF El-Saharty, Sameh Ahsan, Karar Zunaid Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P. Engelgau, Michael M. BA ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM BF ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM TI Health System and NCD Capacity Assessment SO TACKLING NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN BANGLADESH: NOW IS THE TIME SE Directions in Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [El-Saharty, Sameh; Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.; Engelgau, Michael M.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Amer Univ Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. [Ahsan, Karar Zunaid] World Bank, South Asia Human Dev Sect, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Ctr Systemat Review, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] George Mason Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Engelgau, Michael M.] US CDC Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Engelgau, Michael M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP El-Saharty, S (reprint author), World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-9920-0 J9 DIR DEV PY 2013 BP 61 EP 75 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-9920-0 PG 15 WC Health Policy & Services; Planning & Development SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public Administration GA BHB61 UT WOS:000324888000005 ER PT J AU El-Saharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM AF El-Saharty, Sameh Ahsan, Karar Zunaid Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P. Engelgau, Michael M. BA ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM BF ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM TI National NCD Activities and Challenges SO TACKLING NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN BANGLADESH: NOW IS THE TIME SE Directions in Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [El-Saharty, Sameh; Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.; Engelgau, Michael M.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Amer Univ Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. [Ahsan, Karar Zunaid] World Bank, South Asia Human Dev Sect, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Ctr Systemat Review, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] George Mason Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Engelgau, Michael M.] US CDC Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Engelgau, Michael M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP El-Saharty, S (reprint author), World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-9920-0 J9 DIR DEV PY 2013 BP 77 EP 85 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-9920-0 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Planning & Development SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public Administration GA BHB61 UT WOS:000324888000006 ER PT J AU El-Saharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM AF El-Saharty, Sameh Ahsan, Karar Zunaid Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P. Engelgau, Michael M. BA ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM BF ElSaharty, S Ahsan, KZ Koehlmoos, TLP Engelgau, MM TI Key Policy Options and Strategic Priorities SO TACKLING NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN BANGLADESH: NOW IS THE TIME SE Directions in Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISEASE; HEALTH C1 [El-Saharty, Sameh; Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.; Engelgau, Michael M.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [El-Saharty, Sameh] Amer Univ Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. [Ahsan, Karar Zunaid] World Bank, South Asia Human Dev Sect, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] ICDDR B, Ctr Systemat Review, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Koehlmoos, Tracey L. P.] George Mason Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Engelgau, Michael M.] US CDC Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Engelgau, Michael M.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP El-Saharty, S (reprint author), World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-9920-0 J9 DIR DEV PY 2013 BP 87 EP 105 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-9920-0 PG 19 WC Health Policy & Services; Planning & Development SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public Administration GA BHB61 UT WOS:000324888000007 ER PT B AU Essama-Nssah, B Moreno-Dodson, B AF Essama-Nssah, B. Moreno-Dodson, Blanca BE MorenoDodson, B TI Fiscal Policy for Growth and Social Welfare SO IS FISCAL POLICY THE ANSWER?: A DEVELOPING COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE SE Directions in Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRO-POOR; INEQUALITY C1 [Essama-Nssah, B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Program Cycle Serv Ctr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Essama-Nssah, B.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Essama-Nssah, B.] Cornell Univ, Food & Nutr Policy Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Essama-Nssah, B.] Univ Yaounde, Fac Law & Econ, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Essama-Nssah, B.] Univ Yaounde, Dept Econ, Yaounde, Cameroon. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-9630-8; 978-0-8213-9631-5 J9 DIR DEV PY 2013 BP 23 EP 68 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-9630-6 PG 46 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BGP28 UT WOS:000323705300003 ER PT J AU Bianconi, M Chen, R Yoshino, JA AF Bianconi, Marcelo Chen, Richard Yoshino, Joe A. TI Firm value, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and cross-listing in the U.S., Germany and Hong Kong destinations SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE LA English DT Article DE Cross-listing; Sarbanes-Oxley; Dynamic panel data; Treatment effects ID UNITED-STATES; US; COMPETITION; GOVERNANCE; DISCLOSURE; VALUATION; IMPACT AB This paper presents empirical evidence on the effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on the value of firms and on the cross-listing choice of firms destined to three major markets in North America, Asia and Europe. We use dynamic panel data methods and treatment effects methods and find that Sarbanes-Oxley has had a negative impact on the value of firms worldwide. Our evidence indicates that Sox may have segmented markets, with many lower valued firms destined to Hong Kong, thus crowding out the market where regulation is more stringent. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bianconi, Marcelo] Tufts Univ, Dept Econ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Chen, Richard] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Yoshino, Joe A.] FEA USP, Dept Econ, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Bianconi, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Econ, 111 Braker Hall, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM marcelo.bianconi@tufts.edu; rchen@usaid.gov; pyoshino@usp.br NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1062-9408 J9 N AM J ECON FINANC JI N. Am. Econ. Financ. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 24 BP 25 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.najef.2012.07.002 PG 20 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA 106RR UT WOS:000316162900002 ER PT J AU Ignatowski, CA AF Ignatowski, Clare A. TI Commentary: Special Issue on Adolescents in the Majority World SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE LA English DT Article C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Ignatowski, CA (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM cignatowski@usaid.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1050-8392 J9 J RES ADOLESCENCE JI J. Res. Adolesc. PY 2013 VL 23 IS 1 SI SI BP 193 EP 194 DI 10.1111/jora.12009 PG 2 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Developmental SC Family Studies; Psychology GA 092TV UT WOS:000315146400021 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Urama, KC Karl, JW Boos, J Johnson, MVV Shepherd, KD Hempel, J Bestelmeyer, BT Davies, J Guerra, JL Kosnik, C Kimiti, DW Ekai, AL Muller, K Norfleet, L Ozor, N Reinsch, T Sarukhan, J West, LT AF Herrick, Jeffrey E. Urama, Kevin C. Karl, Jason W. Boos, John Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V. Shepherd, Keith D. Hempel, Jon Bestelmeyer, Brandon T. Davies, Jonathan Larson Guerra, Jorge Kosnik, Chris Kimiti, David W. Ekai, Abraham Losinyen Muller, Kit Norfleet, Lee Ozor, Nicholas Reinsch, Thomas Sarukhan, Jose West, Larry T. TI The global Land-Potential Knowledge System (LandPKS): Supporting evidence-based, site-specific land use and management through cloud computing, mobile applications, and crowdsourcing SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOIL QUALITY C1 [Herrick, Jeffrey E.; Karl, Jason W.; Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Urama, Kevin C.; Ozor, Nicholas] African Technol Studies Network, Nairobi, Kenya. [Boos, John; Kosnik, Chris] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Johnson, Mari-Vaughn V.; Norfleet, Lee] Nat Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Temple, TX USA. [Shepherd, Keith D.] World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya. [Hempel, Jon; West, Larry T.] Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Davies, Jonathan] IUCN Global Drylands Initiat, Nairobi, Kenya. [Larson Guerra, Jorge; Sarukhan, Jose] Natl Commiss Knowledge & Use Biodivers CONABIO, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Kimiti, David W.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Ekai, Abraham Losinyen] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Muller, Kit] Bur Land Management, US Dept Interior, Washington, DC USA. [Reinsch, Thomas] Nat Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM USA. OI Karl, Jason/0000-0002-3326-3806 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 47 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 68 IS 1 BP 5A EP 12A DI 10.2489/jswc.68.1.5A PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 073WJ UT WOS:000313773500001 ER PT B AU MacQuarrie, P Wolf, AT AF MacQuarrie, Patrick Wolf, Aaron T. BE Floyd, R Matthew, RA TI UNDERSTANDING WATER SECURITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY: APPROACHES AND ISSUES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLIMATE-CHANGE C1 [MacQuarrie, Patrick] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [MacQuarrie, Patrick] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Wolf, Aaron T.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-53900-5; 978-0-203-10863-5; 978-0-415-53899-2 PY 2013 BP 169 EP 186 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA BB9SW UT WOS:000348599700010 ER PT J AU Govender, NP Chetty, V Roy, M Chiller, T Oladoyinbo, S Maotoe, T Stevens, WS Pinini, Z Spencer, D Venter, WDF Jassat, W Cameron, D Meintjes, G Mbengashe, T Pillay, Y AF Govender, N. P. Chetty, V. Roy, M. Chiller, T. Oladoyinbo, S. Maotoe, T. Stevens, W. S. Pinini, Z. Spencer, D. Venter, W. D. F. Jassat, W. Cameron, D. Meintjes, G. Mbengashe, T. Pillay, Y. CA S African Cryptococcal Screening TI Phased implementation of screening for cryptococcal disease in South Africa SO SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV; MENINGITIS; THERAPY; DEATHS; SERUM; TIME; CARE C1 [Govender, N. P.; Chetty, V.] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr Opportunist Trop & Hosp Infect, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Govender, N. P.] Univ Witwatersrand, Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Roy, M.; Chiller, T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Oladoyinbo, S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Care & Treatment Branch, Pretoria, South Africa. [Maotoe, T.] US Agcy Int Dev, Care & Treatment Branch, Pretoria, South Africa. [Stevens, W. S.] Univ Witwatersrand, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Prior Programmes Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Stevens, W. S.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Mol Med & Haematol, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Pinini, Z.] Gauteng Dept Hlth, HIV AIDS,STIs & TB Cluster, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Spencer, D.] Right Care, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Venter, W. D. F.] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Med, ZA-2001 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Venter, W. D. F.] Univ Witwatersrand, Wits Reprod Hlth & HIV Inst, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Jassat, W.] Hlth Syst Trust, Midrand, South Africa. [Cameron, D.] Fdn Profess Dev, Pretoria, South Africa. [Meintjes, G.] Univ Cape Town, Inst Infect Dis & Mol Med, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Meintjes, G.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Meintjes, G.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Mbengashe, T.; Pillay, Y.] Natl Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Govender, NP (reprint author), Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr Opportunist Trop & Hosp Infect, Johannesburg, South Africa. EM neleshg@nicd.ac.za NR 18 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SA MEDICAL ASSOC PI PRETORIA PA BLOCK F CASTLE WALK CORPORATE PARK, NOSSOB STREET, ERASMUSKLOOF EXT3, PRETORIA, 0002, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0256-9574 J9 SAMJ S AFR MED J JI SAMJ S. Afr. Med. J. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 102 IS 12 BP 914 EP 917 DI 10.7196/SAMJ.6228 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 068YN UT WOS:000313402200015 PM 23498036 ER PT J AU Fraser, AS AF Fraser, Arvonne S. TI MAKING HISTORY WORD BY WORD SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 [Fraser, Arvonne S.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Women Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Fraser, Arvonne S.] Univ Minnesota, Hubert H Humphrey Sch Publ Affairs, Int Womens Rights Act Watch IWRAW Project, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Fraser, AS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Hubert H Humphrey Sch Publ Affairs, Int Womens Rights Act Watch IWRAW Project, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1042-7961 J9 J WOMENS HIST JI J. Womens Hist. PD WIN PY 2012 VL 24 IS 4 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC History; Women's Studies SC History; Women's Studies GA 055QW UT WOS:000312432500010 ER PT J AU Bogich, TL Chunara, R Scales, D Chan, E Pinheiro, LC Chmura, AA Carroll, D Daszak, P Brownstein, JS AF Bogich, Tiffany L. Chunara, Rumi Scales, David Chan, Emily Pinheiro, Laura C. Chmura, Aleksei A. Carroll, Dennis Daszak, Peter Brownstein, John S. TI Preventing Pandemics Via International Development: A Systems Approach SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA; ONE HEALTH; CHINA; CHALLENGE; EMERGENCE; ASIA C1 [Bogich, Tiffany L.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Bogich, Tiffany L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bogich, Tiffany L.; Chmura, Aleksei A.; Daszak, Peter] EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY USA. [Chunara, Rumi; Scales, David; Chan, Emily; Pinheiro, Laura C.; Brownstein, John S.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Div Emergency Med, Childrens Hosp Informat Program, Boston, MA USA. [Chunara, Rumi; Scales, David; Chan, Emily; Pinheiro, Laura C.; Brownstein, John S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Carroll, Dennis] USAID, Global Hlth Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Bogich, TL (reprint author), NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM tbogich@princeton.edu; John.Brownstein@childrens.harvard.edu OI Bogich, Tiffany/0000-0002-8143-5289 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM100471]; NLM NIH HHS [R01 LM010812, 5G08LM009776, 5R01LM010812] NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1549-1676 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 9 IS 12 AR e1001354 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001354 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 062QE UT WOS:000312934200004 PM 23239944 ER PT J AU Coffey, PS Sharma, J Gargi, KC Neupane, D Dawson, P Pradhan, YV AF Coffey, P. S. Sharma, J. Gargi, K. C. Neupane, D. Dawson, P. Pradhan, Y. V. TI Feasibility and acceptability of gentamicin in the Uniject prefilled injection system for community-based treatment of possible neonatal sepsis: the experience of female community health volunteers in Nepal SO JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE newborns; bacterial infection; antibiotics ID INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVE CYCLOFEM(R); POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; 3RD-STAGE LABOR; COLD CHAIN; MANAGEMENT; DEVICE; INFECTIONS; OXYTOCIN; IMMUNIZATION AB Objective: Explore feasibility and acceptability of gentamicin in the Uniject prefilled injection system, in combination with oral cotrimoxazole-p and an appropriate newborn weighing scale, for treatment of possible neonatal sepsis when administered in the community by female community health volunteers. Study Design: In a community-based program in Nepal, 45 volunteers recorded 422 live births. Among these, 82 infants were identified as having possible severe bacterial infection. In all, 67 of these infants were treated with gentamicin in Uniject and 15 were referred to the health facility. Mixed methods were used to collect data about Uniject performance, acceptability and safety. Result: Volunteers successfully treated 67 infants with gentamicin in Uniject. Gentamicin in Uniject performed well and was acceptable. Conclusion: Gentamicin in Uniject, in combination with cotrimoxazole-p and an appropriate newborn weighing scale, is a feasible and acceptable option for treatment of possible neonatal sepsis in the community by female community health volunteers. Journal of Perinatology (2012) 32, 959-965; doi:10.1038/jp.2012.20; published online 15 March 2012 C1 [Coffey, P. S.] PATH, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Sharma, J.; Gargi, K. C.; Neupane, D.; Dawson, P.] JSI, Nepal Family Hlth Program 2, USAID, Patandhoka, Lalitpur, Nepal. [Pradhan, Y. V.] Minist Hlth & Populat, Dept Hlth Serv, Child Hlth Div, Kathmandu, Nepal. RP Coffey, PS (reprint author), PATH, POB 900922, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM pcoffey@path.org OI Neupane, Dinesh/0000-0002-1501-2990 FU USAID; MINI; PATH; Instituto Biologico Argentino (BIOL) FX This research was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the USAID. The contents of this document are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nepal Family Health Program (NFHP) II, PATH/Health Tech, USAID or the United States government. We thank the mothers and newborns of the five VDCs of Morang who participated in this study and the members of the health facility management committee, CHWs and FCHV who worked so hard to complete this study. Our sincere thank goes to Dinesh Kumar Chapagain, District Public Health Administrator and Tek Raj Koirala, Public Health Inspector, in the Morang District Public Health Office for their continuous support and involvement in implementing, monitoring and supervising the program. We thank the Community-Based Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Section, Child Health Division, MoHP, for their continuous support and guidance on the program, and Indra Kumar Bhattarai, who worked as a consultant to implement this study at the field level. Our thanks to Robin Houston for reviewing this manuscript; to Abra Greene for preparing this manuscript; and to Saving Newborn Lives, NFHP II and USAID/Nepal for supporting implementation of the MINI project. This work was supported by USAID; MINI; PATH; and Instituto Biologico Argentino (BIOL). NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0743-8346 J9 J PERINATOL JI J. Perinatol. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 32 IS 12 BP 959 EP 965 DI 10.1038/jp.2012.20 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 047HZ UT WOS:000311831700010 PM 22422117 ER PT J AU Massoud, MR Mensah-Abrampah, N Sax, S Leatherman, S Agins, B Barker, P Kelley, E Heiby, JR Lotherington, J AF Massoud, M. Rashad Mensah-Abrampah, Nana Sax, Sylvia Leatherman, Sheila Agins, Bruce Barker, Pierre Kelley, Edward Heiby, James R. Lotherington, John TI Charting the way forward to better quality health care: how do we get there and what are the next steps? Recommendations from the Salzburg Global Seminar on making health care better in low- and middle-income economies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE health care; millennium development goals(MDGs); low- and middle-income countries; quality improvement terminology and methodology confusion; quality improvement and knowledge management; quality improvement and research; quality improvement and health systems strengthening; patient focus; Salzburg Global Seminar (SGS) statement; World Health Assembly call to action; quality improvement; leadership ID IMPROVEMENT; IMPLEMENTATION; COUNTRIES; SYSTEMS AB Objective. In April 2012, the Salzburg Global Seminar (SGS) brought together 58 health leaders from 33 countries to review experiences in improving the quality and safety of health-care services in low- and middle-income countries, synthesize lessons learned from those experiences, discuss challenges and opportunities and recommend next steps to stimulate improvement in such countries. This work summarizes the seminars key results, expressed as five shared challenges and five lessons learned. Design. The seminar featured a series of interactive sessions with an all-teach, all-learn approach. Session topics were: introduction to the seminar, journey to date, challenges that lie ahead, overcoming the issues of confusion, sustaining execution, strengthening leadership and policy, the role of quality improvement in health systems strengthening and setting the agenda for learning and next steps. Results. Key lessons from the SGS include reducing terminology and methodology confusion, strengthening the learning agenda, embracing improvement science as a means for strengthening health-care systems, developing leadership in improving health care and ensuring that health-care systems focus on patients and communities. A call to action was developed by SGS participants and presented at the 65th World Health Assembly in Geneva. Conclusion. There is an inarguable need to move improvement in health care to a new level to attain and exceed the Millennium Development Goals. The challenges can be overcome through concerted action of key stakeholders and the application of scientifically grounded management methods to enable the reliable implementation of high-impact interventions for every patient every time needed. C1 [Massoud, M. Rashad; Mensah-Abrampah, Nana] Univ Res Co LLC, Qual & Performance Inst, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Sax, Sylvia] Univ Heidelberg, Dept Trop Hyg & Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany. [Leatherman, Sheila] Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Agins, Bruce] New York State Dept Hlth, AIDS Inst, Albany, NY USA. [Barker, Pierre] Inst Healthcare Improvement, Low & Middle Income Countries Div, Cambridge, NC USA. [Kelley, Edward] WHO, Dept Patient Safety, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Heiby, James R.] US Agcy Int Dev, GH HIDN HS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Lotherington, John] Salzburg Global Seminar, Salzburg, Austria. RP Mensah-Abrampah, N (reprint author), Univ Res Co LLC, Qual & Performance Inst, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM nmensah@urc-chs.com FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; German Society for Technical Cooperation; Salzburg Global Seminar; United States Agency for International Development (USAID); World Health Organization Patient Safety Programme (WHO PSP); Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI); University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health; Heidelberg University HealthQual/NYAIDS Institute FX Funding was made possible by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, German Society for Technical Cooperation, Salzburg Global Seminar, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), World Health Organization Patient Safety Programme (WHO PSP), Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Heidelberg University HealthQual/NYAIDS Institute and participants who covered their own costs. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1353-4505 J9 INT J QUAL HEALTH C JI Int. J. Qual. Health Care PD DEC PY 2012 VL 24 IS 6 SI SI BP 558 EP 563 DI 10.1093/intqhc/mzs062 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 040GW UT WOS:000311311200004 PM 23074182 ER PT J AU Morse, SS Mazet, JAK Woolhouse, M Parrish, CR Carroll, D Karesh, WB Zambrana-Torrelio, C Lipkin, WI Daszak, P AF Morse, Stephen S. Mazet, Jonna A. K. Woolhouse, Mark Parrish, Colin R. Carroll, Dennis Karesh, William B. Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos Lipkin, W. Ian Daszak, Peter TI Zoonoses 3 Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; INFLUENZA-VIRUS INFECTIONS; VIRAL HOST JUMPS; RISK-FACTORS; EMERGENCE; TRANSMISSION; HUMANS; SURVEILLANCE; CORONAVIRUS; PATHOGENS AB Most pandemics-eg, HIV/AIDS, severe acute respiratory syndrome, pandemic influenza-originate in animals, are caused by viruses, and are driven to emerge by ecological, behavioural, or socioeconomic changes. Despite their substantial effects on global public health and growing understanding of the process by which they emerge, no pandemic has been predicted before infecting human beings. We review what is known about the pathogens that emerge, the hosts that they originate in, and the factors that drive their emergence. We discuss challenges to their control and new efforts to predict pandemics, target surveillance to the most crucial interfaces, and identify prevention strategies. New mathematical modelling, diagnostic, communications, and informatics technologies can identify and report hitherto unknown microbes in other species, and thus new risk assessment approaches are needed to identify microbes most likely to cause human disease. We lay out a series of research and surveillance opportunities and goals that could help to overcome these challenges and move the global pandemic strategy from response to pre-emption. C1 [Karesh, William B.; Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos; Daszak, Peter] EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001 USA. [Morse, Stephen S.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Lipkin, W. Ian] Columbia Univ, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY USA. [Morse, Stephen S.; Mazet, Jonna A. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Hlth Inst 1, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Woolhouse, Mark] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Immun Infect & Evolut, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Parrish, Colin R.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Carroll, Dennis] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Karesh, William B.] IUCN Species Survival Commiss, Wildlife Hlth Specialist Grp, Gland, Switzerland. RP Daszak, P (reprint author), EcoHealth Alliance, 460 W 34th St, New York, NY 10001 USA. EM daszak@ecohealthalliance.org FU US Agency for International Development (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats PREDICT project (USAID) [GHN-A-009-00010-00]; National Institutes of Health [AI079231, AI57158]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases award from the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health [2R01-TW005869]; National Science Foundation Human and Social Dynamics programme [BCS-0826779]; Wellcome-Trust-funded VIZIONS project; Arts and Letters Foundation FX This research was funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats PREDICT project (USAID cooperative agreement GHN-A-009-00010-00). WIL is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AI079231, AI57158), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. PD is supported by an Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases award from the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health (2R01-TW005869) and the National Science Foundation Human and Social Dynamics programme (BCS-0826779). MW receives support from the Wellcome-Trust-funded VIZIONS project, and SSM is supported by the Arts and Letters Foundation. We thank Murray Trostle for his invaluable insights and Aleksei A Chmura (EcoHealth Alliance) for figure 2. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof Joshua Lederberg (1925-2008). NR 90 TC 142 Z9 148 U1 10 U2 137 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 1 PY 2012 VL 380 IS 9857 BP 1956 EP 1965 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 046IK UT WOS:000311758500032 PM 23200504 ER PT J AU Jagger, P Shively, G Arinaitwe, A AF Jagger, Pamela Shively, Gerald Arinaitwe, Arthur TI Circular migration, small-scale logging, and household livelihoods in Uganda SO POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Circular migration; Environment; Forestry; Informal sector; Livelihoods; Logging; Uganda ID FOREST; POVERTY; DIVERSIFICATION; ENVIRONMENT; STRATEGIES AB Little is known about the contribution of migrant logging to rural livelihoods in East Africa. In this paper, we analyze logging by circular migrants in land constrained and population dense southwestern Uganda. Drawing on a sample of 180 households, including both migrant and non-migrant households, we describe the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of migrant loggers, estimate the contribution of migrant logging to household income portfolios, test several hypotheses regarding why households decide to undertake this relatively risky activity, and explore the role of social networks as a determinant of higher incomes for migrant loggers. We find that household endowments of land, labor, and capital are different for migrant logger and comparison group households. Above all, labor endowments appear to be driving decisions to participate in logging. We find support for two migration hypotheses: higher expected incomes and wages at destination; and relative deprivation at origin. We find strong evidence that migrant logging reduces income inequality in the home community. C1 [Jagger, Pamela] Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Policy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Jagger, Pamela] Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Jagger, Pamela] BOCBD, Ctr Int Forestry Res, Forests & Livelihoods Programme, Bogor 16000, Indonesia. [Shively, Gerald] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shively, Gerald] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Econ & Resource Management, N-1432 As, Norway. [Arinaitwe, Arthur] US Agcy Int Dev, Uganda Livelihoods & Enterprises Agr Dev LEAD, Kampala, Uganda. RP Jagger, P (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Policy, CB 3435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM pjagger@unc.edu; shivelyg@purdue.edu; aarinaitwe@leadug.com OI Jagger, Pamela/0000-0001-7148-432X NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0199-0039 J9 POPUL ENVIRON JI Popul. Env. PD DEC PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2 BP 235 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s11111-011-0155-z PG 22 WC Demography; Environmental Studies SC Demography; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 033QN UT WOS:000310813300004 ER PT J AU Young, M Wolffieim, C Marsh, DR Hammamy, D AF Young, Mark Wolffieim, Cathy Marsh, David R. Hammamy, Diaa TI World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund Joint Statement on Integrated Community Case Management: An Equity-Focused Strategy to Improve Access to Essential Treatment Services for Children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD PNEUMONIA; BURKINA-FASO; MORTALITY; MALARIA; DIARRHEA; NEPAL AB This statement presents the latest evidence for integrated community case management of childhood illness, describes the necessary program elements and support tools for effective implementation, and lays out actions that countries and partners can take to support the implementation of integrated community case management at scale. C1 [Young, Mark] United Nations Childrens Fund, Hlth Sect, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Wolffieim, Cathy] World Hlth Org, Dept Maternal Newborn Child & Adolescent Hlth, Geneva, Switzerland. [Marsh, David R.] Save Children USA, Springfield, MA USA. [Hammamy, Diaa] Futures Grp Int, Washington, DC USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Young, M (reprint author), United Nations Childrens Fund, Hlth Sect, 3 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM myoung@unicet.org; wolfheimc@who.int; DMarsh@savechildren.org; DHammamy@futuresgroup.com NR 20 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 87 IS 5 SU S BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0221 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 036VJ UT WOS:000311060100003 PM 23136272 ER PT J AU Nsona, H Mtimuni, A Daelmans, B Callaghan-Koru, JA Gilroy, K Mgalula, L Kachule, T Zamasiya, T AF Nsona, Humphreys Mtimuni, Angella Daelmans, Bernadette Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer A. Gilroy, Kate Mgalula, Leslie Kachule, Timothy Zamasiya, Texas TI Scaling Up Integrated Community Case Management of Childhood Illness: Update from Malawi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SIAYA DISTRICT; HEALTH WORKERS; KENYA AB The Government of Malawi (GoM) initiated activities to deliver treatment of common childhood illnesses (suspected pneumonia, fever/suspected malaria, and diarrhea) in the community in 2008. The service providers are Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs), and they are posted nationwide to serve communities at a ratio of 1 to 1,000 population. The GoM targeted the establishment of 3,452 village health clinics (VHCs) in hard-to-reach areas by 2011. By September of 2011, 3,296 HSAs had received training in integrated case management of childhood illness, and 2,709 VHCs were functional. An assessment has shown that HSAs are able to treat sick children with quality similar to the quality provided in fixed facilities. Monitoring data also suggest that communities are using the sick child services. We summarize factors that have facilitated the scale up of integrated community case management of children in Malawi and address challenges, such as ensuring a steady supply of medicines and supportive supervision. C1 [Nsona, Humphreys; Mtimuni, Angella] Minist Hlth, Capital City 3, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Daelmans, Bernadette] World Hlth Org, Dept Maternal Newborn Child & Adolescent Hlth, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer A.; Gilroy, Kate] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Inst Int Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. [Mgalula, Leslie] World Hlth Org, Lilongwe 3, Malawi. [Kachule, Timothy] Abt Associates SHOPS, Lilongwe 3, Malawi. [Zamasiya, Texas] UNICEF, Lilongwe 3, Malawi. Malawi Minist Hlth, Lilongwe, Malawi. World Hlth Org Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi. USAID BASICS, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Nsona, H (reprint author), Minist Hlth, POB 30377, Capital City 3, Lilongwe, Malawi. EM hnsona@gmail.com; daelmansb@who.int FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) through the WHO; Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) through UNICEF; Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) through PSI; Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) through Save the Children; USAID through MSH/BASICS; USAID through JSI; BMGF; CIDA; CIDA through the Real-Time Tracking of Results Grant; BMGF through a grant to the Partnership; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) through JSI FX The authors thank all individuals and partners who contributed to the introduction and scale up of the iCCM approach in Malawi, especially Dr. S. B. Kabuluzi, Edward Nkhono (MOH), Susan Kambale (WHO), Ketema Bizuneh (UNICEF), Rudi Thetard (USAID/BASICS), Robert Mahala (JSI), Tiyese Chimuna (Save the Children), Dyson Likomwa (Population Services International), and the staff responsible for scale up of MNCH interventions in the districts. Grants made available by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) through the WHO and JSI, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) through UNICEF, PSI, and Save the Children, and USAID through MSH/BASICS and JSI greatly facilitated the implementation. The external evaluation activities are funded by the BMGF and CIDA. We would also like to thank IIP-JHU and the Malawi NSO for sharing their results related to iCCM implementation; this study was led by Elizabeth Hazel at IIP-JHU and Willie Kachaka at Malawi NSO, with funding support from CIDA through the Real-Time Tracking of Results Grant and BMGF through a grant to the Partnership for Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health. H.N., B.D., J.A.C.-K., and K.G. conceptualized the paper. H.N., B.D., and L.M. prepared the first draft of the manuscript. A.M., J.A.C.-K., and K.G. prepared the coverage data and contributed to the writing and interpretation of the findings. T.K. reviewed the paper and provided suggestions. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 87 IS 5 SU S BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0759 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 036VJ UT WOS:000311060100009 PM 23136278 ER PT J AU McGorman, L Marsh, DR Guenther, T Gilroy, K Barat, LM Hammamy, D Wansi, E Peterson, S Hamer, DH George, A AF McGorman, Laura Marsh, David R. Guenther, Tanya Gilroy, Kate Barat, Lawrence M. Hammamy, Diaa Wansi, Emmanuel Peterson, Stefan Hamer, Davidson H. George, Asha TI A Health Systems Approach to Integrated Community Case Management of Childhood Illness: Methods and Tools SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ALMA-ATA; WORKERS; MALARIA AB Integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illness is an increasingly popular strategy to expand life-saving health services to underserved communities. However, community health approaches vary widely across countries and do not always distribute resources evenly across local health systems. We present a harmonized framework, developed through interagency consultation and review, which supports the design of CCM by using a systems approach. To verify that the framework produces results, we also suggest a list of complementary indicators, including nine global metrics, and a menu of 39 country-specific measures. When used by program managers and evaluators, we propose that the framework and indicators can facilitate the design, implementation, and evaluation of community case management. C1 [McGorman, Laura] Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Marsh, David R.] Save Children, Springfield, MA USA. [Guenther, Tanya] Save Children, Dept Hlth & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. [Gilroy, Kate; George, Asha] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Barat, Lawrence M.; Hammamy, Diaa] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Wansi, Emmanuel] Maternal & Child Hlth Integrated Project, Washington, DC USA. [Peterson, Stefan] Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Boston Univ, Ctr Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP McGorman, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Mailbox 15,79 JFK St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM laura_mcgorman@hks13.harvard.edu; dmarsh@savechildren.org; tguenther@savechildren.org; kgilroy@jhsph.edu; lbarat@usaid.gov; dhammamy@usaid.gov; emmanuel_wansi@jsi.com; stefan.peterson@ki.se; dhamer@bu.edu; asgeorge@jhsph.edu OI Hamer, Davidson/0000-0002-4700-1495 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 87 IS 5 SU S BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0758 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 036VJ UT WOS:000311060100011 PM 23136280 ER PT J AU Richie, TL Charoenvit, Y Wang, RB Epstein, JE Hedstrom, RC Kumar, S Luke, TC Freilich, DA Aguiar, JC Sacci, JB Sedegah, M Nosek, RA De La Vega, P Berzins, MP Majam, VF Abot, EN Ganeshan, H Richie, NO Banania, JG Baraceros, MFB Geter, TG Mere, R Bebris, L Limbach, K Hickey, BW Lanar, DE Ng, J Shi, M Hobart, PM Norman, JA Soisson, LA Hollingdale, MR Rogers, WO Doolan, DL Hoffman, SL AF Richie, Thomas L. Charoenvit, Yupin Wang, Ruobing Epstein, Judith E. Hedstrom, Richard C. Kumar, Sanjai Luke, Thomas C. Freilich, Daniel A. Aguiar, Joao C. Sacci, John B., Jr. Sedegah, Martha Nosek, Ronald A., Jr. De La Vega, Patricia Berzins, Mara P. Majam, Victoria F. Abot, Esteban N. Ganeshan, Harini Richie, Nancy O. Banania, Jo Glenna Baraceros, Maria Fe B. Geter, Tanya G. Mere, Robin Bebris, Lolita Limbach, Keith Hickey, Bradley W. Lanar, David E. Ng, Jennifer Shi, Meng Hobart, Peter M. Norman, Jon A. Soisson, Lorraine A. Hollingdale, Michael R. Rogers, William O. Doolan, Denise L. Hoffman, Stephen L. TI Clinical trial in healthy malaria-naive adults to evaluate the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity and efficacy of MuStDO5, a five-gene, sporozoite/hepatic stage Plasmodium falciparum DNA vaccine combined with escalating dose human GM-CSF DNA SO HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT DNA Vaccines Meeting CY JUL 12-14, 2011 CL San Diego, CA DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; DNA vaccine; vaccine safety; clinical trials; GM-CSF; malaria challenge; controlled human malaria infection; malaria vaccine ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; T-CELL RESPONSES; HEPATOCYTE ERYTHROCYTE PROTEIN; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SERUM CREATINE-KINASE; ASEXUAL BLOOD STAGES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; VIRUS ANKARA; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA AB When introduced in the 1990s, immunization with DNA plasmids was considered potentially revolutionary for vaccine development, particularly for vaccines intended to induce protective CD8 T cell responses against multiple antigens. We conducted, in 1997-1998, the first clinical trial in healthy humans of a DNA vaccine, a single plasmid encoding Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), as an initial step toward developing a multi-antigen malaria vaccine targeting the liver stages of the parasite. As the next step, we conducted in 2000-2001 a clinical trial of a five-plasmid mixture called MuStDO5 encoding pre-erythrocytic antigens PfCSP, PfSSP2/TRAP, PfEXP1, PfLSA1 and PfLSA3. Thirty-two, malaria-naive, adult volunteers were enrolled sequentially into four cohorts receiving a mixture of 500 mu g of each plasmid plus escalating doses (0, 20, 100 or 500 mu g) of a sixth plasmid encoding human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF). Three doses of each formulation were administered intramuscularly by needle-less jet injection at 0, 4 and 8 weeks, and each cohort had controlled human malaria infection administered by five mosquito bites 18 d later. The vaccine was safe and well-tolerated, inducing moderate antigen-specific, MHC-restricted T cell interferon-gamma responses but no antibodies. Although no volunteers were protected, T cell responses were boosted post malaria challenge. This trial demonstrated the MuStDO5 DNA and hGM-CS F plasmids to be safe and modestly immunogenic for T cell responses. It also laid the foundation for priming with DNA plasmids and boosting with recombinant viruses, an approach known for nearly 15 y to enhance the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccines. C1 [Richie, Thomas L.; Charoenvit, Yupin; Wang, Ruobing; Epstein, Judith E.; Hedstrom, Richard C.; Kumar, Sanjai; Luke, Thomas C.; Freilich, Daniel A.; Sacci, John B., Jr.; Sedegah, Martha; De La Vega, Patricia; Berzins, Mara P.; Majam, Victoria F.; Abot, Esteban N.; Ganeshan, Harini; Richie, Nancy O.; Banania, Jo Glenna; Baraceros, Maria Fe B.; Geter, Tanya G.; Bebris, Lolita; Limbach, Keith; Hickey, Bradley W.; Hollingdale, Michael R.; Rogers, William O.; Doolan, Denise L.; Hoffman, Stephen L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Wang, Ruobing; Kumar, Sanjai; Sacci, John B., Jr.; De La Vega, Patricia; Berzins, Mara P.; Majam, Victoria F.; Abot, Esteban N.; Ganeshan, Harini; Richie, Nancy O.; Banania, Jo Glenna; Baraceros, Maria Fe B.; Geter, Tanya G.; Bebris, Lolita; Limbach, Keith; Hollingdale, Michael R.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Bethesda, MD USA. [Aguiar, Joao C.] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. [Nosek, Ronald A., Jr.] USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. [Mere, Robin; Hobart, Peter M.; Norman, Jon A.] Vical, San Diego, CA USA. [Lanar, David E.; Shi, Meng] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Ng, Jennifer] Def Marrow Donor Program, CW Bill Young Dept, Rockville, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine A.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Richie, TL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Thomas.Richie@med.navy.mil RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU Naval Medical Research and Development [61102A.S13.F.A0009, 62787A.870.F.A0010, 63002A.810.F.A0011, 603792N.01889.135.A0039, 60000.000.000.A0062]; US. Agency for International Development; Office of Naval Research Advanced Technology Demonstration FX This work was supported by the Naval Medical Research and Development Command work units 61102A.S13.F.A0009, 62787A.870.F.A0010, 63002A.810.F.A0011, 603792N.01889.135.A0039 and 60000.000.000.A0062 and by the US. Agency for International Development and the Office of Naval Research Advanced Technology Demonstration. T.L.R., J.E.E., R.C.H., W.O.R., T.C.L., D.A.F., R.A.N., B.W.H. and S. L. H. were active duty military personnel at the time they contributed to this work; Y.C., M. Sedegah and D. E. L. were US Government employees. The work of these individuals was prepared as part of official government duties. Title 17 U.S.C. sic105 provides that "Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government." Title 17 U.S.C. sic101 defines a US Government work as a work prepared by a military service member or employee of the US Government as part of that person's official duties. The study protocol for the clinical trial presented in this manuscript was approved by the NMRC Institutional Review Board, in compliance with all applicable Federal Regulations governing protection of human subjects. All study subjects gave written informed consent. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense or the US Government. NR 96 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2164-5515 EI 2164-554X J9 HUM VACC IMMUNOTHER JI Human Vaccines Immunother. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 8 IS 11 SI SI BP 1564 EP 1584 DI 10.4161/hv.22129 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 048GD UT WOS:000311897900012 PM 23151451 ER PT J AU Diara, M Nowosiwsky, A Harmen, S Burke, N Alilio, M AF Diara, Malick Nowosiwsky, Andry Harmen, Sonia Burke, Nicholas Alilio, Martin TI Enabling Factors for Improved Malaria Chemoprophylaxis Compliance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Letter ID TRAVELERS C1 [Diara, Malick] Exxon Mobil, Global Med & Occupat Hlth Dept, Houston, TX USA. [Nowosiwsky, Andry; Harmen, Sonia; Burke, Nicholas] Esso Highland Ltd, Med & Occupat Hlth Dept, Port Moresby, Papua N Guinea. [Alilio, Martin] USAID, Bur Global Hlth, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. RP Diara, M (reprint author), Exxon Mobil, Global Med & Occupat Hlth Dept, Houston, TX USA. EM malick.diara@exxonmobil.com NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2012 VL 87 IS 5 BP 960 EP 961 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0277c PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 036VI UT WOS:000311060000030 PM 23136175 ER PT J AU Maholmes, V Fluke, JD Rinehart, RD Huebner, G AF Maholmes, Valerie Fluke, John D. Rinehart, Richard D. Huebner, Gillian TI Protecting children outside of family care in low and middle income countries: What does the evidence say? SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Maholmes, Valerie] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Child & Family Proc Maltreatment & Violence Progr, NIH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Fluke, John D.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Kempe Ctr Prevent & Treatment Child Abuse & Negle, Aurora, CO USA. [Rinehart, Richard D.; Huebner, Gillian] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Maholmes, V (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Child & Family Proc Maltreatment & Violence Progr, NIH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 4B05A, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 36 IS 10 SI SI BP 685 EP 688 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.001 PG 4 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 039TP UT WOS:000311269700001 PM 23092938 ER PT J AU Higgs, ES Zlidar, VM Balster, RL AF Higgs, Elizabeth S. Zlidar, Vera M. Balster, Robert L. TI Evidence acquisition and evaluation for a U.S. Government Evidence Summit on Protecting Children Outside Family Care SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE Evidence-based practice; Review; Orphans; Vulnerable children; Evidence Summit ID HEALTH-PROMOTION INTERVENTIONS; FRAMEWORK; STATEMENT AB Recognizing the need for evidence to inform policies, strategies, and programs to care for vulnerable children, the U.S. Government convened an Evidence Summit on Protecting Children Outside of Family Care on December 12-13, 2011, in Washington, DC, USA. This paper summarizes the background and methods for the acquisition and evaluation of the evidence used to achieve the goals of the Summit. A multistep process was undertaken to identify the appropriate evidence for review. It began by identifying crucial focal questions intended to inform low and middle income governments and the U.S. Government about effective systems for protecting children outside family care. This was followed by a systematic attempt to gather relevant peer reviewed and gray literature that would inform these focal questions. The search processes, methods used for screening and quality reviews are described. In addition, members of the Evidence Review Teams were invited to add relevant papers not identified in the initial literature review to complete the bibliographies. These teams were asked to comply with a specific evaluation framework for recommendations on practice and policy based on both expert opinion and the quality of the data. This was the first U.S. Government Evidence Summit originating in the U.S. Agency for International Development Global Health Bureau and valuable lessons were learned on the identification and assessment of evidence informing complex development challenges. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Higgs, Elizabeth S.; Balster, Robert L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Zlidar, Vera M.] Knowledge Management Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Balster, Robert L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Inst Drug & Alcohol Studies, Richmond, VA USA. RP Higgs, ES (reprint author), NIAID, Div Clin Res, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ehiggs@niaid.nih.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 36 IS 10 SI SI BP 689 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.002 PG 12 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 039TP UT WOS:000311269700002 PM 23083899 ER PT J AU Pullum, T Cappa, C Orlando, J Dank, M Gunn, S Mendenhall, M Riordan, K AF Pullum, Thomas Cappa, Claudia Orlando, James Dank, Meredith Gunn, Susan Mendenhall, Maury Riordan, Kate TI Systems and strategies for identifying and enumerating children outside of family care SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE Capture recapture; Family care; Household; Respondent driven; Street children; Time-location ID HIDDEN POPULATIONS; STREET CHILDREN; CITY AB Methodologies to identify and enumerate children outside of family care vary as do the vulnerability categories of the children themselves. Children outside of family care is a broad term encompassing children absent of permanent family care, e.g., institutionalized children, children on/of the street, child-headed households, separated or unaccompanied children, trafficked children, children working in exploitive labor situations, etc. This paper reviews the various methodologies applied to identify and enumerate these often hidden and/or mobile populations. Methodologies that identify and enumerate children outside of family strive to meet two objectives: (1) to estimate the number and characteristics of a specific vulnerability category and (2) to determine eligibility to receive services. The paper reviews eight methodologies; six are categorized as survey sample methods (time-location sampling, capture recapture sampling, respondent driven sampling, the neighborhood method, household surveys, and establishment surveys) while two were labeled as data management systems (child labor management system, and databases of institutions). Each review includes a concise description of the methodology, its strengths and limitations, the most appropriate population it is suited to identify and/or enumerate, and any necessary conditions. Conclusions from these reviews advocate for tailoring a methodology (or a combination of methodologies) to the specific circumstances under which it is meant to identify or enumerate children outside of family care. In addition, further research and validation studies are needed to identify the conditions under which the strategies described here can be used and to develop appropriate protocols for utilization (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pullum, Thomas] ICF Int, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Cappa, Claudia] UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Orlando, James; Mendenhall, Maury] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Dank, Meredith] Urban Inst, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Gunn, Susan] Int Labor Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Riordan, Kate] Better Care Network, New York, NY USA. RP Pullum, T (reprint author), ICF Int, 11785 Beltsville Dr, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 36 IS 10 SI SI BP 701 EP 710 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.003 PG 10 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 039TP UT WOS:000311269700003 PM 23083898 ER PT J AU Boothby, N Wessells, M Williamson, J Huebner, G Canter, K Rolland, EG Kutlesic, V Bader, F Diaw, L Levine, M Malley, A Michels, K Patel, S Rasa, T Ssewamala, F Walker, V AF Boothby, Neil Wessells, Mike Williamson, John Huebner, Gillian Canter, Kelly Rolland, Eduardo Garcia Kutlesic, Vesna Bader, Farah Diaw, Lena Levine, Maya Malley, Anita Michels, Kathleen Patel, Sonali Rasa, Tanya Ssewamala, Fred Walker, Vicki TI What are the most effective early response strategies and interventions to assess and address the immediate needs of children outside of family care? SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE Early response; Child protection; Children outside of family care; Humanitarian response; Emergency; Assessment ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; FOSTER; RESILIENCE; ORPHANAGE; SETTINGS; PROJECT; HEALTH AB Objectives: Children outside of family care face increased risk of threats to their well-being, have lower educational achievement, and experience adverse developmental outcomes. While it is generally accepted that early response and intervention is critical to reducing the risk of harm for children who have been separated from their families, it is not always clear what the most effective early response strategies are for assessing and addressing their immediate needs. The purpose of this review was to identify evidence-based early response strategies and interventions for improving the outcomes of children outside of family care, including children of and on the street, institutionalized children, trafficked children, children affected by conflict and disaster, and who are exploited for their labor. Methods: A multi-phased, systematic evidence review was conducted on peer-reviewed and gray literature, which yielded a total of 101 documents that met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Results: Overall there is a weak evidence base regarding assessment and early response interventions for children living outside of family care. Few studies included careful outcome measures or comparison groups. Although few proven interventions emerged, the review identified several promising early interventions and approaches. In emergency settings, family tracing and reunification is a highly effective response in regard to separated children, whereas placing children in institutional care is problematic, with the possible exception of time-limited placements of formerly recruited children in interim care centers. Livelihood supports are promising in regard to preventing and responding to children living outside family care. Other promising interventions include psychosocial support, including the use of traditional cleansing rituals as appropriate, educational supports such as Child Friendly Spaces, the maintenance of family connectedness for children of or on the streets, the use of community-based approaches that aid social integration, and approaches that enable meaningful child participation. A recurrent theme was that to be effective, all assessments and interventions must fit the context. A strong need exists for strengthening the evidence base regarding the effectiveness of early assessments and responses to children living outside family care and for using the evidence to guide operational policy and practice. Recommendations regarding policy, practices, and research emerged from the review process. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boothby, Neil; Wessells, Mike; Ssewamala, Fred] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Malley, Anita] US Agcy Int Dev, Off US Foreign Disaster Assistance, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Rolland, Eduardo Garcia] Int Rescue Comm, New York, NY USA. [Levine, Maya] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bader, Farah; Michels, Kathleen] Fogarty Int Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Diaw, Lena] NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Patel, Sonali] US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Adm Children & Families, Washington, DC USA. [Rasa, Tanya] US Dept Labor, Off Child Labor Forced Labor & Human Trafficking, Washington, DC 20210 USA. [Walker, Vicki] Winrock Int Livestock Res & Training Ctr, Arlington, VA USA. RP Wessells, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. NR 108 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 36 IS 10 SI SI BP 711 EP 721 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.004 PG 11 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 039TP UT WOS:000311269700004 PM 23084623 ER PT J AU Fluke, JD Goldman, PS Shriberg, J Hillis, SD Yun, K Allison, S Light, E AF Fluke, John D. Goldman, Philip S. Shriberg, Janet Hillis, Susan D. Yun, Katherine Allison, Susannah Light, Enid TI Systems, strategies, and interventions for sustainable long-term care and protection of children with a history of living outside of family care SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE Child protection system; Trafficked children; Street children; Institutionalized children; Conflict; Disaster; Family care; Children outside of family care ID MENTAL-HEALTH; FOSTER-CARE; INSTITUTIONAL CARE; ORPHANAGES; ATTACHMENT; SOLDIERS; RECOVERY; ADOPTION; OUTCOMES; PROJECT AB Objectives: This article reviews the available evidence regarding the efficacy, effectiveness, ethics, and sustainability of approaches to strengthen systems to care for and protect children living outside family care in low- and middle-income countries. Method: For trafficked children, children of and on the street, children of conflict/disaster, and institutionalized children, a systems framework approach was used to organize the topic of sustainable approaches in low- and middle-income countries and addresses the following: legislation, policies, and regulations; system structures and functions (formal and informal); and continuum of care and services. The article draws on the findings of a focal group convened by the U.S. Government Evidence Summit: Protecting Children Outside of Family Care (December 12-13,2011, Washington, DC), tasked with reviewing the literature on systems, strategies, and interventions for sustainable long-term care and protection of children with a history of living outside of family care in low- and middle-income country contexts. The specific methodology for the review is described in the commentary paper (Higgs, Zlidar, & Balster, 2012) that accompanies these papers. Results: For the most part, the evidence base in support of sustainable long-term care for the populations of interest is relatively weak, with some stronger but unreplicated studies. Some populations have been studied more thoroughly than others, and there are many gaps. Most of the existing studies identify population characteristics, needs, and consequences of a lack of systemic services to promote family-like care. There is some evidence of the effectiveness of laws and policies, as well as some evidence of service effectiveness, in improving outcomes for children outside of family care. Conclusions: Despite the weaknesses and gaps of the existing research, there is a foundation of research for going forward, which should focus on developing and implementing systems for these most vulnerable children. The evidence reviewed indicates that child protection systems should aim for appropriate, permanent family care (including reunification, adoption, kinship care, or kafalah) for children in order to secure the best environment for a child's developmental prospects. Evidence also suggests that the quality and duration of care, including both permanent family care and alternative care, are important regardless of setting. The diversity of political, socioeconomic, historical, regional, community, and cultural contexts in which child protection systems operate need to be taken into account during programming and research design. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Goldman, Philip S.] Maestral Int, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Shriberg, Janet] USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC USA. [Hillis, Susan D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Yun, Katherine] Univ Penn, Dept Pediat, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Allison, Susannah] NIMH, Infant Child & Adolescent Res Program, Div AIDS Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Light, Enid] NIMH, Div Int Training & Res, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fluke, John D.] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Kempe Ctr Prevent & Treatment Child Abuse & Negle, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Fluke, JD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med,Dept Pediat, Colorado Sch Med,Gary Pavil Childrens Hosp Colora, Kempe Ctr Prevent & Treatment Child Abuse & Negle, Anschutz Med Campus,13123 E 16th Ave,B390, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. NR 86 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 36 IS 10 SI SI BP 722 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.005 PG 10 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 039TP UT WOS:000311269700005 PM 23102720 ER PT J AU Ager, A Zimmerman, C Unlu, K Rinehart, R Nyberg, B Zeanah, C Hunleth, J Bastiaens, I Weldy, A Bachman, G Blum, AB Strottman, K AF Ager, Alastair Zimmerman, Cathy Unlu, Kathy Rinehart, Richard Nyberg, Beverly Zeanah, Charles Hunleth, Jean Bastiaens, Ida Weldy, Andre Bachman, Gretchen Blum, Alexander B. Strottman, Kathleen TI What strategies are appropriate for monitoring children outside of family care and evaluating the impact of the programs intended to serve them? SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE Child protection; Children outside of family care; Child protection systems; Monitoring; Evaluation; Longitudinal ID STREET CHILDREN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; FOSTER-CARE; INSTITUTIONAL CARE; MENTAL-HEALTH; AIDS ORPHANS; PROTECTION; WOMEN; VULNERABILITY; PERSPECTIVE AB Objectives: To strengthen the evidence-base for policy and practice for support of children outside of family care requires effective, efficient and sustainable mechanisms for monitoring and evaluation. Toward that end, two core questions guided a systematic review of evidence: What strategies are appropriate for monitoring the needs and circumstances of children outside of family care? What strategies are suitable for evaluating the impact of the programs intended to serve such children? Methods: A structured document search and review process was implemented within the context of the U.S. Government Evidence Summit on Protecting Children Outside of Family Care of December 2011. Through successive review phases, initially using structured screening criteria, followed by thematic review by an expert panel, 73 documents were identified for analysis. Results: Analysis of models and strategies indicates that: (1) tools are available for assessment of children's needs, but require refining to accommodate contextual demands; (2) well-designed evaluations are able to identify the influence of assistance; (3) long-term follow-up is crucial to developing a strong evidence-base on effective strategies; and (4) insights into systems-wide monitoring mechanisms are emerging. In addition to describing key components of monitoring and evaluation strategies, findings draw attention to the evaluation of children's resiliency and protective factors, community based monitoring and the role of caregivers, as well as concerns over the stigmatization of children (through data collection methodologies encouraging the 'labeling' of children) and the importance of children's participation. Fostering a stronger evidence-base to improve protection for vulnerable children requires evaluations that are integrated into program development, use context-appropriate methodologies able to assess intervention scalability and employ more longitudinal designs to explore children's trajectories. Further, future programming will benefit from systems-wide data coordination and international comparisons, research that emphasizes coping and resilience mechanisms, and children's participation in monitoring and evaluation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ager, Alastair] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Zimmerman, Cathy] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London WC1H 9SH, England. [Unlu, Kathy] US Dept State, Off Childrens Issues, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Rinehart, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Excellence Children Adversity, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Nyberg, Beverly] Peace Corps, Off Global Hlth & HIV, Washington, DC USA. [Zeanah, Charles] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Hunleth, Jean] Washington Univ, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. [Bastiaens, Ida] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Blum, Alexander B.] NIH, Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Off Director, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Strottman, Kathleen] Congress Coalit Adopt Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Weldy, Andre] FHI 360, Washington, DC USA. RP Ager, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 60 Haven Ave, New York, NY 10032 USA. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 36 IS 10 SI SI BP 732 EP 742 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.006 PG 11 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 039TP UT WOS:000311269700006 PM 23083900 ER PT J AU Boothby, N Balster, RL Goldman, P Wessells, MG Zeanah, CH Huebner, G Garbarino, J AF Boothby, Neil Balster, Robert L. Goldman, Philip Wessells, Michael G. Zeanah, Charles H. Huebner, Gillian Garbarino, James TI Coordinated and evidence-based policy and practice for protecting children outside of family care SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Child protection; Child welfare; Children outside of family care; Research needs; Evidence-based practice; Child rights; Ethics; Evidence summit ID EARLY INTERVENTION PROJECT; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MENTAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; VIOLENCE; ETHICS C1 [Boothby, Neil] US Agcy Int Dev, GH AA OVC, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Balster, Robert L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Inst Drug & Alcohol Studies, Richmond, VA USA. [Goldman, Philip] Maestral Int, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Wessells, Michael G.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Beaverdam, VA USA. [Zeanah, Charles H.] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Garbarino, James] Loyola Univ, Ctr Human Rights Children, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Boothby, N (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, GH AA OVC, Room 5-7-122 RRB,1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 36 IS 10 SI SI BP 743 EP 751 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.09.007 PG 9 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 039TP UT WOS:000311269700007 PM 23107455 ER PT J AU Phillips, S Curtis, K Polis, C AF Phillips, S. Curtis, K. Polis, C. TI Hormonal contraception and HIV disease progression: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Phillips, S.] World Hlth Org, Reprod Hlth & Res, Geneva, Switzerland. [Curtis, K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Polis, C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM phillipss@who.int NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 SU 3 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 030RQ UT WOS:000310588200161 ER PT J AU Polis, C Curtis, K AF Polis, C. Curtis, K. TI Hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Polis, C.] USAID, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Curtis, K.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. EM cpolis@usaid.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 SU 3 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 030RQ UT WOS:000310588200160 ER PT J AU Njenga, F Kiima, D Siminyu, M Munyi, E Abdool, R Muthui, M Lambdin, B Mbwambo, J Mwamburi, E McCurdy, S Pick, B Anderson, G Mital, S Needle, R AF Njenga, F. Kiima, D. Siminyu, M. Munyi, E. Abdool, R. Muthui, M. Lambdin, B. Mbwambo, J. Mwamburi, E. McCurdy, S. Pick, B. Anderson, G. Mital, S. Needle, R. TI Heroin scarcity in coastal Kenya: consequences for persons who inject drugs (PWID) and national and provincial response to the crisis SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Njenga, F.] Natl Campaign Drug Abuse Author, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kiima, D.] Minist Med Serv, Div Mental Hlth Serv, Nairobi, Kenya. [Abdool, R.] UN Off Drugs & Crime, Nairobi, Kenya. [Muthui, M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Lambdin, B.] Pangaea Global AIDS Fdn, Oakland, CA USA. [Mbwambo, J.] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci MUHAS, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mwamburi, E.] US Agcy Int Dev Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [McCurdy, S.] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Publ Hlth, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Anderson, G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pick, B.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Needle, R.] US Off Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. EM fnjenga@africaonline.co.ke NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 SU 3 BP 152 EP 153 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 030RQ UT WOS:000310588200283 ER PT J AU Barrington, C Fleming, P Moya, M Rosario, S Perez, M Donastorg, Y Broxton, C Kerrigan, D AF Barrington, C. Fleming, P. Moya, M. Rosario, S. Perez, M. Donastorg, Y. Broxton, C. Kerrigan, D. TI Emotional men and pragmatic women: relationship and gender dynamics between female sex workers and their regular partners in the Dominican Republic SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barrington, C.; Fleming, P.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Moya, M.; Rosario, S.] COIN, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. [Perez, M.; Donastorg, Y.] Unidad Vacunas & Invest IDCP COIN DIGECITSS, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. [Broxton, C.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Kerrigan, D.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. EM dkerriga@jhsph.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 SU 3 BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 030RQ UT WOS:000310588200364 ER PT J AU Kunaka, D Mashamba, M AF Kunaka, D. Mashamba, M. TI Using geographic information systems mapping as a decision support tool for PEPFAR South Africa SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kunaka, D.] John Snow Inc, Pretoria, South Africa. [Mashamba, M.] USAID S Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. EM derek@enhancesi.co.za NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 SU 3 BP 218 EP 218 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 030RQ UT WOS:000310588200419 ER PT J AU Bertrand, J Rech, D Njeuhmeli, E Castor, D Frade, S Loolpapit, M Machaku, M Mavhu, W Perry, L AF Bertrand, J. Rech, D. Njeuhmeli, E. Castor, D. Frade, S. Loolpapit, M. Machaku, M. Mavhu, W. Perry, L. TI Implementation of VMMC efficiency elements in four sub-Saharan countries: service delivery methods and provider attitudes SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bertrand, J.; Perry, L.] Tulane SPHTM, Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. [Rech, D.; Frade, S.] CHAPS, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Njeuhmeli, E.; Castor, D.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Loolpapit, M.] FHI360 Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Machaku, M.] Jhpiego Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mavhu, W.] ZAPP, Harare, Zimbabwe. EM bertrand@tulane.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 SU 3 BP 237 EP 238 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 030RQ UT WOS:000310588200466 ER PT J AU Bertrand, J Rech, D Njeuhmeli, E Castor, D Frade, S Loolpapit, M Machaku, M Mavhu, W Perry, L AF Bertrand, J. Rech, D. Njeuhmeli, E. Castor, D. Frade, S. Loolpapit, M. Machaku, M. Mavhu, W. Perry, L. TI Determinants of VMMC provider burnout in four sub-Saharan countries SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bertrand, J.; Perry, L.] Tulane SPHTM, Global Hlth Syst & Dev, New Orleans, LA USA. [Rech, D.; Frade, S.] CHAPS, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Njeuhmeli, E.; Castor, D.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Loolpapit, M.] FHI360 Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Machaku, M.] Jhpiego Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mavhu, W.] ZAPP, Harare, Zimbabwe. EM dino@chaps.org.za NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 SU 3 BP 238 EP 239 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 030RQ UT WOS:000310588200467 ER PT J AU Gwarzo, U Maji, T Isa-Dutse, S Ahmed, Y Obayagbona, K Okechukwu, E Odafe, S Khamofu, H Torpey, K Chabikuli, O AF Gwarzo, U. Maji, T. Isa-Dutse, S. Ahmed, Y. Obayagbona, K. Okechukwu, E. Odafe, S. Khamofu, H. Torpey, K. Chabikuli, O. TI Cardiovascular disease risk factor profiles of HIV-positive clients: findings from a pilot program to integrate CVD screening into HIV services at a secondary health facility in Kano, North-Western Nigeria SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gwarzo, U.; Maji, T.; Isa-Dutse, S.; Ahmed, Y.; Obayagbona, K.; Odafe, S.; Khamofu, H.; Torpey, K.; Chabikuli, O.] FHI360 Family Hlth Int, Abuja, Nigeria. [Okechukwu, E.] USAID Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria. EM ugwarzo@ghain.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD OCT PY 2012 VL 15 SU 3 BP 242 EP 242 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 030RQ UT WOS:000310588200475 ER PT J AU Wimberly, MC Midekisa, A Semuniguse, P Teka, H Henebry, GM Chuang, TW Senay, GB AF Wimberly, Michael C. Midekisa, Alemayehu Semuniguse, Paulos Teka, Hiwot Henebry, Geoffrey M. Chuang, Ting-Wu Senay, Gabriel B. TI Spatial synchrony of malaria outbreaks in a highland region of Ethiopia SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria epidemics; surveillance; climate; environment; spatial autocorrelation; spatial synchrony; epidemies de paludisme; malaria; surveillance; climat; environnement; auto correlation spatiale; synchronie spatiale; epidemias de malaria; vigilancia; clima; medio ambiente; autocorrelacion espacial; sincronia espacial ID EPIDEMIC MALARIA; RISK-FACTORS; AFRICA; CLIMATE; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; HOUSEHOLD; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; OROMIA AB To understand the drivers and consequences of malaria in epidemic-prone regions, it is important to know whether epidemics emerge independently in different areas as a consequence of local contingencies, or whether they are synchronised across larger regions as a result of climatic fluctuations and other broad-scale drivers. To address this question, we collected historical malaria surveillance data for the Amhara region of Ethiopia and analysed them to assess the consistency of various indicators of malaria risk and determine the dominant spatial and temporal patterns of malaria within the region. We collected data from a total of 49 districts from 19992010. Data availability was better for more recent years and more data were available for clinically diagnosed outpatient malaria cases than confirmed malaria cases. Temporal patterns of outpatient malaria case counts were correlated with the proportion of outpatients diagnosed with malaria and confirmed malaria case counts. The proportion of outpatients diagnosed with malaria was spatially clustered, and these cluster locations were generally consistent from year to year. Outpatient malaria cases exhibited spatial synchrony at distances up to 300 km, supporting the hypothesis that regional climatic variability is an important driver of epidemics. Our results suggest that decomposing malaria risk into separate spatial and temporal components may be an effective strategy for modelling and forecasting malaria risk across large areas. They also emphasise both the value and limitations of working with historical surveillance datasets and highlight the importance of enhancing existing surveillance efforts. C1 [Wimberly, Michael C.; Midekisa, Alemayehu; Henebry, Geoffrey M.; Chuang, Ting-Wu; Senay, Gabriel B.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Semuniguse, Paulos] Hlth Dev & Antimalaria Assoc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teka, Hiwot] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Senay, Gabriel B.] USGS Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Wimberly, MC (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM michael.wimberly@sdstate.edu OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891; Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 FU Amhara Regional Health Bureau; Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01AI079411] FX We thank Abere Mihretie of the Health, Development and Anti-Malaria Association for his support in coordinating data collection activities and facilitating communication with the public health sector. We also acknowledge the cooperation and support of the Amhara Regional Health Bureau and the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health. This study was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Grant R01AI079411. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD OCT PY 2012 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1192 EP 1201 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03058.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 004XG UT WOS:000308714200004 PM 22863170 ER PT J AU Vreeman, R Kamaara, E Kamanda, A Ayuku, D Nyandiko, W Atwoli, L Ayaya, S Gisore, P Scanlon, M Braitstein, P AF Vreeman, Rachel Kamaara, Eunice Kamanda, Allan Ayuku, David Nyandiko, Winstone Atwoli, Lukoye Ayaya, Samuel Gisore, Peter Scanlon, Michael Braitstein, Paula TI A qualitative study using traditional community assemblies to investigate community perspectives on informed consent and research participation in western Kenya SO BMC MEDICAL ETHICS LA English DT Article DE Community-based research; Sub-Saharan Africa; Ethics; Informed consent; Kenya ID INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ETHICS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ADVISORY BOARDS; BIOMEDICAL-RESEARCH; HEALTH RESEARCH; PROTECTING COMMUNITIES; CLINICAL-RESEARCH; DEVELOPING-WORLD; MEDICAL-RESEARCH; VACCINE TRIAL AB Background: International collaborators face challenges in the design and implementation of ethical biomedical research. Evaluating community understanding of research and processes like informed consent may enable researchers to better protect research participants in a particular setting; however, there exist few studies examining community perspectives in health research, particularly in resource-limited settings, or strategies for engaging the community in research processes. Our goal was to inform ethical research practice in a biomedical research setting in western Kenya and similar resource-limited settings. Methods: We sought to use mabaraza, traditional East African community assemblies, in a qualitative study to understand community perspectives on biomedical research and informed consent within a collaborative, multinational research network in western Kenya. Analyses included manual, progressive coding of transcripts from mabaraza to identify emerging central concepts. Results: Our findings from two mabaraza with 108 community members revealed that, while participants understood some principles of biomedical research, they emphasized perceived benefits from participation in research over potential risks. Many community members equated health research with HIV testing or care, which may be explained in part by the setting of this particular study. In addition to valuing informed consent as understanding and accepting a role in research activities, participants endorsed an increased role for the community in making decisions about research participation, especially in the case of children, through a process of community consent. Conclusions: Our study suggests that international biomedical research must account for community understanding of research and informed consent, particularly when involving children. Moreover, traditional community forums, such as mabaraza in East Africa, can be used effectively to gather these data and may serve as a forum to further engage communities in community consent and other aspects of research. C1 [Vreeman, Rachel; Scanlon, Michael] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Vreeman, Rachel; Nyandiko, Winstone; Atwoli, Lukoye; Ayaya, Samuel; Gisore, Peter; Braitstein, Paula] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. [Vreeman, Rachel; Braitstein, Paula] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Kamaara, Eunice] Moi Univ, Dept Philosophy, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. [Kamaara, Eunice] Moi Univ, Dept Religious Studies, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. [Kamanda, Allan] Moi Teaching & Referral Hosp, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. [Ayuku, David] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Behav Sci, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. [Nyandiko, Winstone; Ayaya, Samuel; Gisore, Peter] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth & Paediat, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. [Atwoli, Lukoye] Moi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Dept Mental Hlth, Eldoret 30100, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Vreeman, Rachel] Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Vreeman, R (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 705 Riley Hosp Dr,Room 5900, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rvreeman@iupui.edu RI Scanlon, Michael/P-3556-2016; OI Scanlon, Michael/0000-0002-0334-5640; Atwoli, Lukoye/0000-0001-7710-9723 FU National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [1R01HD060478-01A1]; National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH) [1K23MH087225-01]; United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) FX We would like to acknowledge the work of Eunice Walumbe in the transcription and translation of the mabaraza proceedings. This work was funded by a grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) to Dr. Paula Braitstein (1R01HD060478-01A1) to improve the health and well-being of orphaned and separated children. Dr. Vreeman was also supported by a grant from the National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH) (1K23MH087225-01.) In addition, this research was supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). NR 55 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6939 J9 BMC MED ETHICS JI BMC Med. Ethics PD SEP 25 PY 2012 VL 13 AR 23 DI 10.1186/1472-6939-13-23 PG 11 WC Ethics; Medical Ethics; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Medical Ethics; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 051UR UT WOS:000312153700001 PM 23009744 ER PT J AU Glover, JD Reganold, JP Cox, CM AF Glover, Jerry D. Reganold, John P. Cox, Cindy M. TI Plant perennials to save Africa's soils SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MANAGEMENT; SECURITY; FOOD C1 [Glover, Jerry D.] USAID Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Reganold, John P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cox, Cindy M.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Glover, JD (reprint author), USAID Bur Food Secur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jglover@usaid.gov NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 51 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 20 PY 2012 VL 489 IS 7416 BP 359 EP 361 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 007AK UT WOS:000308860900017 PM 22996532 ER PT J AU Odafe, S Idoko, O Badru, T Aiyenigba, B Suzuki, C Khamofu, H Onyekwena, O Okechukwu, E Torpey, K Chabikuli, ON AF Odafe, Solomon Idoko, Ochanya Badru, Titilope Aiyenigba, Bolatito Suzuki, Chiho Khamofu, Hadiza Onyekwena, Obinna Okechukwu, Emeka Torpey, Kwasi Chabikuli, Otto N. TI Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics and level of care associated with lost to follow-up and mortality in adult patients on first-line ART in Nigerian hospitals SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral treatment; mortality; lost to follow-up; Nigeria ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; VIROLOGICAL FAILURE; SOUTH-AFRICA; GENERAL-POPULATION; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; SCALING-UP AB Introduction: Clinical outcome is an important determinant of programme success. This study aims to evaluate patients' baseline characteristics as well as level of care associated with lost to follow-up (LTFU) and mortality of patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Methods: Retrospective cohort study using routine service data of adult patients initiated on ART in 2007 in 10 selected hospitals in Nigeria. We captured data using an electronic medical record system and analyzed using Stata. Outcome measures were probability of being alive and retained in care at 12, 24 and 36 months on ART. Potential predictors associated with time to mortality and time to LTFU were assessed using competing risks regression models. Results: After 12 months on therapy, 85% of patients were alive and on ART. Survival decreased to 81.2% and 76.1% at 24 and 36 months, respectively. Median CD4 count for patients at ART start, 12, 18 and 24 months were 152 (interquartile range, IQR: 75 to 242), 312 (IQR: 194 to 450), 344 (IQR: 227 to 501) and 372 (IQR: 246 to 517) cells/ml, respectively. Competing risk regression showed that patients' baseline characteristics significantly associated with LTFU were male (adjusted sub-hazard ratio, sHR = 1.24 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.42]), ambulatory functional status (adjusted sHR = 1.25 [95% CI: 1.01 to 1.54]), World Health Organization (WHO) clinical Stage II (adjusted sHR = 1.31 [95% CI: 1.08 to 1.59]) and care in a secondary site (adjusted sHR = 0.76 [95% CI: 0.66 to 0.87]). Those associated with mortality include CD4 count <50 cells/ml (adjusted sHR = 2.84 [95% CI: 1.20 to 6.71]), WHO clinical Stage III (adjusted sHR = 2.67 [95% CI: 1.26 to 5.65]) and Stage IV (adjusted sHR = 5.04 [95% CI: 1.93 to 13.16]) and care in a secondary site (adjusted sHR = 2.21 [95% CI: 1.30 to 3.77]). Conclusions: Mortality was associated with advanced HIV disease and care in secondary facilities. Earlier initiation of therapy and strengthening systems in secondary level facilities may improve retention and ultimately contribute to better clinical outcomes. C1 [Odafe, Solomon; Idoko, Ochanya; Badru, Titilope; Aiyenigba, Bolatito; Khamofu, Hadiza; Torpey, Kwasi; Chabikuli, Otto N.] FHI360 Nigeria, Global HIV AIDS Initiat Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria. [Suzuki, Chiho] UNICEF, Stat & Monitoring Sect, Div Policy & Strategy, New York, NY USA. [Onyekwena, Obinna] Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, Off Inspector Gen, Geneva, Switzerland. [Okechukwu, Emeka] USAID Nigeria, HIV AIDS TB Unit, Abuja, Nigeria. [Chabikuli, Otto N.] Med Univ Southern Africa, Dept Family Med, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Odafe, S (reprint author), FHI360 Country Off, Dept Med Serv, Godab Plaza,Plot 1071,JS Tarka St,Area 3, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria. EM sfodafe@gmail.com FU FHI360's Global HIV/AIDS Initiative in Nigeria; US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through US Agency for International Development (USAID) [620-A-00-04-00122-00] FX The technical support of both the HIV and AIDS Division of the Federal Ministry of Health and the National AIDS Control Agency in Nigeria were vital in the successful implementation of ART services in all sites involved in this project. We also acknowledge Dr. Carol D. Hamilton of FHI360 North Carolina for her insightful comments and contributions to this paper. Support for this paper was provided by FHI360's Global HIV/AIDS Initiative in Nigeria with funds from the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through US Agency for International Development (USAID) Cooperative Agreement No. 620-A-00-04-00122-00. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of FHI360. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD SEP 18 PY 2012 VL 15 AR 17424 DI 10.7448/IAS.15.2.17424 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 025QO UT WOS:000310207100001 PM 23010378 ER PT J AU Adeyemi, AO Oyediran, K Issa, KB Azeez, A Atobatele, A Fakunle, O AF Adeyemi, A. O. Oyediran, K. Issa, K. B. Azeez, A. Atobatele, A. Fakunle, O. TI HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nigeria: a potential population for HIV vaccine trial SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Adeyemi, A. O.; Oyediran, K.] MEASURE, Abuja, Nigeria. [Issa, K. B.; Azeez, A.] Fed Minist Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria. [Atobatele, A.] USAID, Abuja, Nigeria. [Fakunle, O.] Univ Coll Hosp, Abuja, Nigeria. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 9 SU 2 AR P223 DI 10.1186/1742-4690-9-S2-P223 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 015UO UT WOS:000309472100296 ER PT J AU Patel, SD Larson, E Mbengashe, T O'Bra, H Brown, JW Golman, TM Klausner, JD AF Patel, Sandeep D. Larson, Elysia Mbengashe, Thobile O'Bra, Heidi Brown, J. W. Golman, Thurma M. Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI Increases in Pediatric Antiretroviral Treatment, South Africa 2005-2010 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; TREATMENT PROGRAMS; THERAPY; MORTALITY; OUTCOMES; CARE AB Background: In South Africa in 2010, about 340,000 children under the age of 15 were infected with HIV. We describe the increase in the treatment of South African pediatric HIV-infected patients assisted by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) from 2004 to 2010. Methods: We reviewed routine program data from PEPFAR- funded implementing partners among persons receiving antiretroviral treatment age 15 years old and less. Data quality was assessed during the reporting period by program officials through routine analysis of trends and logic checks. Based on UNAIDS estimated mortality rates of untreated HIV-infected children, we calculated the number of deaths averted and life-years gained in children under five receiving PEPFAR-assisted antiretroviral treatment. Results: From October 2004 through September 2010, the number of children newly initiated on antiretroviral treatment in PEPFAR-assisted programs increased from 154 to 2,641 per month resulting in an increase from 2,412 children on antiretroviral treatment in September 2005 to 79,416 children in September 2010. Of those children who initiated antiretroviral treatment before September 2009, 0-4 year olds were 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3-1.5) times as likely to transfer out of the program or die as 5-14 year olds; males were 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0-1.7) times as likely to stop treatment as females. Approximately 27,548 years of life were added to children under-five years old from PEPFAR-assisted antiretroviral treatment. Conclusions: Pediatric antiretroviral treatment in South Africa has increased substantially. However, additional case-finding and a further acceleration in the implementation of pediatric care and treatment services is required to meet the current treatment need. C1 [Patel, Sandeep D.] US Indian Hlth Serv, Belcourt, ND USA. [Larson, Elysia] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Sch Publ Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Mbengashe, Thobile] Natl Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [O'Bra, Heidi; Golman, Thurma M.; Klausner, Jeffrey D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Pretoria, South Africa. [Brown, J. W.] US Agcy Int Dev, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Patel, SD (reprint author), US Indian Hlth Serv, Belcourt, ND USA. EM JDKlausner@mednet.ucla.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 13 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 9 AR e44914 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0044914 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 005ZK UT WOS:000308788700055 PM 23028677 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI PEPFAR and Adult Mortality SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID ASSISTANCE C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 12 PY 2012 VL 308 IS 10 BP 972 EP 972 DI 10.1001/jama.2012.9243 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 003AA UT WOS:000308579300013 PM 22968879 ER PT J AU Baggaley, R Hensen, B Ajose, O Grabbe, KL Wong, VJ Schilsky, A Lo, YR Lule, F Granich, R Hargreaves, J AF Baggaley, R. Hensen, B. Ajose, O. Grabbe, K. L. Wong, V. J. Schilsky, A. Lo, Y-R Lule, F. Granich, R. Hargreaves, J. TI From caution to urgency: the evolution of HIV testing and counselling in Africa SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; OPT-OUT; PREGNANT-WOMEN; ANTENATAL CARE; ROUTINE OFFER; SOUTH-AFRICA; HUMAN-RIGHTS; PREVENTION; EXCEPTIONALISM; INFECTION AB Objective To describe recent changes in policy on provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in African countries and to investigate patients' experiences of and views about PITC. Methods A review of the published literature and of national HIV testing policies, strategic frameworks, plans and other relevant documents was carried out. Findings Of the African countries reviewed, 42 (79.2%) had adopted a PITC policy. Of the 42, all recommended PITC for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission, 66.7% recommended it for tuberculosis clinics and. patients, and 45.2% for sexually transmitted infection clinics. Moreover, 43.6% adopted PITC in 2005 or 2006. The literature search identified 11 studies on patients' experiences of and views about PITC in clinical settings in Africa. The clear majority regarded PITC as acceptable. However, women in antenatal clinics were not always aware that they had the right to decline an HIV test. Conclusion Policy and practice on HIV testing and counselling in Africa has shifted from a cautious approach that emphasizes confidentiality to greater acceptance of the routine offer of HIV testing. The introduction of PITC in clinical settings has contributed to increased HIV testing in several of these settings. Most patients regard PITC as acceptable. However, other approaches are needed to reach people who do not consult health-care services. C1 [Hensen, B.; Hargreaves, J.] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Baggaley, R.; Lo, Y-R; Granich, R.] World Hlth Org, HIV AIDS Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Ajose, O.] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Grabbe, K. L.; Schilsky, A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wong, V. J.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Lule, F.] World Hlth Org Reg Off Afr, Brazzaville, Congo. RP Hensen, B (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM bernadette.hensen@lshtm.ac.uk NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD SEP PY 2012 VL 90 IS 9 BP 652 EP 658 DI 10.2471/BLT.11.100818 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 008QZ UT WOS:000308972900007 PM 22984309 ER PT J AU Dossa, EL Diedhiou, I Khouma, M Sene, M Lufafa, A Kizito, F Samba, SAN Badiane, AN Diedhiou, S Dick, RP AF Dossa, E. L. Diedhiou, I. Khouma, M. Sene, M. Lufafa, A. Kizito, F. Samba, S. A. N. Badiane, A. N. Diedhiou, S. Dick, R. P. TI Crop Productivity and Nutrient Dynamics in a Shrub (Guiera senegalensis)-Based Farming System of the Sahel SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SENEGAL PEANUT BASIN; NATIVE SHRUB; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL FERTILITY; PEARL-MILLET; SEMIARID SENEGAL; SOUTHERN AFRICA; CARBON STOCKS; NITROGEN; NIGER AB The indigenous shrub, Guiera senegalensis, coexists with crops to varying degrees in farmers' fields throughout the Sahel, with little known about its biophysical and ecological interactions with soils and crops. Therefore, the objectives were to determine the effect of the presence or absence of shrubs under varying rates of fertilizer on: (i) crop growth and yield, and (ii) soil nutrient dynamics. An experiment from 2004 to 2007 was conducted in northern Senegal where G. senegalensis dominates that had a split-plot factorial design. The presence or absence of G. senegalensis was the main plot and fertilizer rate (0, 0.5, 1 or 1.5 times the recommended N-P-K rate) was the subplot in a peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)-pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] rotation. Averaging over fertilizer rate showed that G. senegalensis had significantly greater crop biomass and yields than no shrub plots (P < 0.05) for all 4 yr. This crop yield response was related to improved nutrient availability (significantly greater for crop N and P uptake in the presence than absence of shrubs in zero fertilizer plots), higher soil quality (elevated particulate organic matter (POM) with shrubs, and a significant correlation of POM with millet yield). Lysimeters below the crop rooting zone had inorganic N levels that were not significantly affected by shrubs compared to no shrub plots, which was attributed to high variability. Combining the ecological potential to restore degraded landscapes with the agronomic benefits demonstrated here, shows that optimized G. senegalensis-crop systems should be further investigated in farmers' fields throughout the Sahel. C1 [Dick, R. P.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dossa, E. L.] Int Ctr Soil Fertil & Agr Dev IFDC, Lome, Togo. [Diedhiou, I.; Samba, S. A. N.] Univ Thies, Ecole Natl Super Agron, Thies Escale, Senegal. [Khouma, M.] ISRA, LNRPV, Dakar, Senegal. [Sene, M.] ISRA, CERAAS, Thies, Senegal. [Lufafa, A.] World Bank, ESSD ARD, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Kizito, F.] Int Water Management Inst, Accra, Ghana. [Badiane, A. N.] USAID, Dakar, Senegal. [Diedhiou, S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dick, RP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Richard.Dick@snr.osu.edu FU National Science Foundation [0120732] FX We dedicate this manuscript to the memory of our dear friend and colleague Dr. Mamadou Khouma. This study was conducted as part of the Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles/Biocomplexity Grant no. 0120732 funded by the National Science Foundation. The authors wish to thank Paper Omar Dieye, El Hadj Moussa Diop, and Pape Serigne Saar for their assistance in data collection; Joan Sandeno for editing the manuscript, and Dr. Cliff Pereira from Oregon State University for assisting with trend analysis of the data. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2012 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1255 EP 1264 DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0399 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 999YT UT WOS:000308352600007 ER PT J AU Castor, D Low, A Evering, T Karmon, S Davis, B Figueroa, A LaMar, M Garmon, D Mehandru, S Markowitz, M AF Castor, Delivette Low, Andrea Evering, Teresa Karmon, Sharon Davis, Brandi Figueroa, Amir LaMar, Melissa Garmon, Donald Mehandru, Saurabh Markowitz, Martin TI Transmitted Drug Resistance and Phylogenetic Relationships Among Acute and Early HIV-1-Infected Individuals in New York City SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) CY FEB 08-11, 2009 CL Montreal, CANADA DE transmitted drug resistance; TDR; HIV-1; acute infection; phylogenetic analysis; MSM; NYC ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; NEWLY INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; HIV-1 INFECTION; TRANSMISSION EVENTS; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; MUTATIONS; SEQUENCES; PATTERNS; CLUSTER AB Background: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is critical to managing HIV-1-infected individuals and being a public health concern. We report on TDR prevalence and include analyses of phylogenetic clustering of HIV-1 in a predominantly men who have sex with men cohort diagnosed during acute/recent HIV-1 infection in New York City. Methods: Genotypic resistance testing was conducted on plasma samples of 600 individuals with acute/recent HIV-1 infection (1995-2010). Sequences were used for resistance and phylogenetic analyses. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from medical records. TDR was defined according to International AIDS Society-USA and Stanford HIV database guidelines. Phylogenetic and other analyses were conducted using PAUP* 4.0 and SAS, respectively. Results: The mean duration since HIV-1 infection was 66.5 days. TDR prevalence was 14.3% and stably ranged between 10.8% and 21.6% (P-trend = 0.42). Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistance declined from 15.5% to 2.7% over the study period (Ptrend = 0.005). M41L (3.7%), T215Y (4.0%), and K103N/S (4.7%) were the most common mutations. K103N/S prevalence increased from 1.9% to 8.0% between 1995 and 2010 (Ptrend = 0.04). Using a rigorous definition of clustering, 19.3% (112 of 581) of subtype B viral sequences cosegregated into transmission clusters and clusters increased over time. There were fewer and smaller transmission clusters than had been reported in a similar cohort in Montreal but similar to reports from elsewhere. Conclusions: TDR is stable in this cohort and remains a significant concern to both individual patient management and the public health. C1 [Castor, Delivette; Low, Andrea; Evering, Teresa; Karmon, Sharon; Davis, Brandi; Figueroa, Amir; LaMar, Melissa; Garmon, Donald; Mehandru, Saurabh; Markowitz, Martin] Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Castor, Delivette] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Low, Andrea] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. [Mehandru, Saurabh] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Gastroenterol, New York, NY USA. RP Markowitz, M (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, 455 1st Ave,7th Floor, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM mmarkowitz@adarc.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI067854, AI041534, U01 AI041534, U19 AI067854, AI067854, R01 AI047033, AI047033]; NIMH NIH HHS [K08 MH090900] NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP 1 PY 2012 VL 61 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825a289b PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 999YO UT WOS:000308352000007 PM 22592583 ER PT J AU Seims, LRK Alegre, JC Murei, L Bragar, J Thatte, N Kibunga, P Cheburet, S AF Seims, La Rue K. Alegre, Juan Carlos Murei, Lily Bragar, Joan Thatte, Nandita Kibunga, Peter Cheburet, Sammuel TI Strengthening management and leadership practices to increase health-service delivery in Kenya: an evidence-based approach SO HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Health worker performance; Institutional strengthening; Kenya; Leadership; Management; Service delivery AB Background: The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that strengthening health systems, through improved leadership and management skills of health teams, can contribute to an increase in health-service delivery outcomes. The study was conducted in six provinces in the Republic of Kenya. Methods: The study used a non-randomized design comparing measures of key service delivery indicators addressed by health teams receiving leadership and management training (the intervention) against measures in comparison areas not receiving the intervention. Measurements were taken at three time periods: baseline, endline, and approximately six months post intervention. At the district level, health-service coverage was computed. At the facility level, the percentage change in the number of client visits was computed. The t-test was used to test for significance. Results: Results showed significant increases in health-service coverage at the district level (p = < 0.05) in the intervention teams compared to the comparison teams. Similarly, there were significant increases in the number of client visits at the facility level in the intervention group versus comparison facilities (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Strengthening the leadership and management skills of health teams, through team-based approaches focused on selected challenges, contributed to improved health service delivery outcomes and these improvements were sustained at least for six months. C1 [Seims, La Rue K.; Alegre, Juan Carlos] Management Sci Hlth, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Murei, Lily; Kibunga, Peter] Management Sci Hlth, Nairobi 00200, Kenya. [Bragar, Joan] Management Sci Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Thatte, Nandita] US Agcy Int Dev, Publ Hlth Inst Global Hlth Fellow, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheburet, Sammuel] Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Seims, LRK (reprint author), Management Sci Hlth, 4301 N Fairfax Dr,Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM lseims@msh.org NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1478-4491 J9 HUM RESOUR HEALTH JI Hum. Resour. Health PD AUG 29 PY 2012 VL 10 AR 25 DI 10.1186/1478-4491-10-25 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Business & Economics GA 015WS UT WOS:000309477700001 PM 22931468 ER PT J AU Shah, R AF Shah, Raj TI Expanding the reach of breakthroughs SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shah, R (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM rshah@usaid.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 18 PY 2012 VL 380 IS 9842 BP 632 EP 634 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60933-1 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 991SE UT WOS:000307721000010 PM 21724245 ER PT J AU Abrams, EJ Simonds, RJ Modi, S Rivadeneira, E Vaz, P Kankasa, C Tindyebwa, D Phelps, BR Bowsky, S Teasdale, CA Koumans, E Ruff, AJ AF Abrams, Elaine J. Simonds, R. J. Modi, Surbhi Rivadeneira, Emilia Vaz, Paula Kankasa, Chipepo Tindyebwa, Denis Phelps, B. Ryan Bowsky, Sara Teasdale, Chloe A. Koumans, Emilia Ruff, Andrea J. TI PEPFAR Scale-up of Pediatric HIV Services: Innovations, Achievements, and Challenges SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE PEPFAR; pediatric; treatment; HIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTED CHILDREN; SOUTH-AFRICA; UNINFECTED CHILDREN; RURAL UGANDA; INFANTS BORN; MORTALITY AB HIV/AIDS has had a profound impact on children around the world since the start of the epidemic. There are currently 3.4 million children under the age of 15 years living with HIV globally, and more than 450,000 children currently receiving lifesaving antiretroviral treatment. This article describes efforts supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) to expand access to treatment for children living with HIV in high-burden countries. The article also highlights a series of case studies that illustrate the impact that the PEPFAR initiative has had on the pediatric HIV epidemic. Through its support of host governments and partner organizations, the PEPFAR initiative has expanded HIV testing and treatment for pregnant women to reduce vertical transmission of HIV, increased access to early infant diagnosis for HIV-exposed infants, improved training and resources for clinicians who provide pediatric care and antiretroviral treatment, and, through public-private partnerships with pharmaceutical manufacturers, helped increase the number of medications available for the treatment of HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings. C1 [Abrams, Elaine J.; Teasdale, Chloe A.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, ICAP, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Simonds, R. J.] Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Modi, Surbhi; Rivadeneira, Emilia; Koumans, Emilia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Vaz, Paula] Fundacao Ariel Glaser SIDA Pediat, Maputo, Mozambique. [Kankasa, Chipepo] Univ Teaching Hosp, Lusaka, Zambia. [Tindyebwa, Denis] African Network Care Children Affected AIDS, Kampala, Uganda. [Phelps, B. Ryan] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bowsky, Sara] US Agcy Int Dev, Maputo, Mozambique. [Ruff, Andrea J.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Abrams, EJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, ICAP, 722 W 168th St,13th Floor, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM eja1@columbia.edu FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 60 SU 3 BP S105 EP S112 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825cf4f5 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981TR UT WOS:000306994100009 PM 22797731 ER PT J AU Chi, BH Adler, MR Bolu, O Mbori-Ngacha, D Ekouevi, DK Gieselman, A Chipato, T Luo, CW Phelps, BR McClure, C Mofenson, LM Stringer, JSA AF Chi, Benjamin H. Adler, Michelle R. Bolu, Omotayo Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy Ekouevi, Didier K. Gieselman, Anna Chipato, Tsungai Luo, Chewe Phelps, B. Ryan McClure, Craig Mofenson, Lynne M. Stringer, Jeffrey S. A. TI Progress, Challenges, and New Opportunities for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Under the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission; MTCT; PEPFAR; global response; HIV ID EARLY ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; SOUTH-AFRICA; PREGNANT-WOMEN; MALE CIRCUMCISION; INFECTED INFANTS; INCOME COUNTRIES; DOSE NEVIRAPINE; PROGRAMS AB In June 2011, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and other collaborators outlined a transformative plan to virtually eliminate pediatric AIDS worldwide. The ambitious targets of this initiative included a 90% reduction in new pediatric HIV infections and a 50% reduction in HIV-related maternal mortality-all by 2015. PEPFAR has made an unprecedented commitment to the expansion and improvement of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services globally and is expected to play a critical role in reaching the virtual elimination target. To date, PEPFAR has been instrumental in the success of many national programs, including expanded coverage of PMTCT services, an enhanced continuum of care between PMTCT and HIV care and treatment, provision of more efficacious regimens for antiretroviral prophylaxis, design of innovative but simplified PMTCT approaches, and development of new strategies to evaluate program effectiveness. These accomplishments have been made through collaborative efforts with host governments, United Nations agencies, other donors (eg, the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria), nongovernmental organizations, and private sector partners. To successfully meet the ambitious global targets to prevent new infant HIV infections, PEPFAR must continue to leverage the existing PMTCT platform, while developing innovative approaches to rapidly expand quality HIV services. PEPFAR must also carefully integrate PMTCT into the broader combination prevention agenda for HIV, so that real progress can be made toward an "AIDS-free generation" worldwide. C1 [Chi, Benjamin H.; Stringer, Jeffrey S. A.] Ctr Infect Dis Res Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. [Chi, Benjamin H.; Stringer, Jeffrey S. A.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Adler, Michelle R.; Bolu, Omotayo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Adler, Michelle R.; Gieselman, Anna] Off Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. [Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy] UNICEF, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Ekouevi, Didier K.] Univ Bordeaux Segalen, INSERM, U897, Bordeaux, France. [Ekouevi, Didier K.] Programme PAC CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Chipato, Tsungai] Univ Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Luo, Chewe; McClure, Craig] UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Phelps, B. Ryan] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mofenson, Lynne M.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. RP Chi, BH (reprint author), Plot 1275 Lubutu Rd,POB 34681, Lusaka, Zambia. EM bchi@cidrz.org RI EKOUEVI, Didier/E-7960-2014; OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808 NR 82 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 60 SU 3 BP S78 EP S87 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825f3284 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981TR UT WOS:000306994100006 PM 22797744 ER PT J AU Coutinho, A Roxo, U Epino, H Muganzi, A Dorward, E Pick, B AF Coutinho, Alex Roxo, Uchechi Epino, Henry Muganzi, Alex Dorward, Emily Pick, Billy TI The Expanding Role of Civil Society in the Global HIV/AIDS Response: What Has The President's Emergency Program For AIDS Relief's Role Been? SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE civil society; PEPFAR ID HEALTH SYSTEMS; SCALE-UP; HIV; SERVICES AB Civil society has been part of the HIV/AIDS response from the very beginning of the epidemic, often becoming engaged before national governments. Traditional roles of civil society-advocacy, activism, serving as government watchdog, and acting as community caretaker-have been critical to the response. In addition, civil society organizations (CSOs) play an integral part in providing world-class HIV prevention and treatment services and helping to ensure continuity of care. The President's Emergency Program for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has significantly increased the global scale-up of combination antiretroviral therapy reaching for more than 5 million people in developing countries, as well as implementation of effective evidence-based combination prevention approaches. PEPFAR databases in 5 countries and annual reports from a centrally managed initiative were mined and analyzed to determine the numbers and types of CSOs funded by PEPFAR over a 5-year period (2006-2011). Data are also presented from Uganda showing the overall resource growth in CSO working for HIV. Case studies document the evolution of 3 indigenous CSOs that increased the capacity to implement activities with PEPFAR funding. A legacy of PEPFAR has been the growth of civil society to address social and health issues as well as recognition by governments that partnerships with beneficiaries and civil society result in better outcomes. Scale-up of the global response could not have happened without the involvement of civil society and people living with HIV. This game changing partnership to jointly tackle the problems that countries face may well be the greatest benefit emerging from the HIV epidemic. C1 [Coutinho, Alex; Muganzi, Alex] Makerere Univ, Infect Dis Inst, Kampala, Uganda. [Roxo, Uchechi; Dorward, Emily; Pick, Billy] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Epino, Henry] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Epino, Henry] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Global Hlth Equ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Coutinho, A (reprint author), Makerere Univ, Infect Dis Inst, POB 22418, Kampala, Uganda. EM acoutinho@idi.co.ug FU PEPRAR FX AC and AM both work for The Infectious Diseases Institute, which receives funding from PEPRAR. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 60 SU 3 BP S152 EP S157 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825d0383 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981TR UT WOS:000306994100015 PM 22797737 ER PT J AU El-Sadr, WM Holmes, CB Mugyenyi, P Thirumurthy, H Ellerbrock, T Ferris, R Sanne, I Asiimwe, A Hirnschall, G Nkambule, RN Stabinski, L Affrunti, M Teasdale, C Zulu, I Whiteside, A AF El-Sadr, Wafaa M. Holmes, Charles B. Mugyenyi, Peter Thirumurthy, Harsha Ellerbrock, Tedd Ferris, Robert Sanne, Ian Asiimwe, Anita Hirnschall, Gottfried Nkambule, Rejoice N. Stabinski, Lara Affrunti, Megan Teasdale, Chloe Zulu, Isaac Whiteside, Alan TI Scale-up of HIV Treatment Through PEPFAR: A Historic Public Health Achievement SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; TREATMENT PROGRAMS; ECONOMIC-IMPACT; WESTERN KENYA; AFRICA; OUTCOMES; CARE; HIV/AIDS; COHORT; ADHERENCE AB Since its inception in 2003, the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has been an important driving force behind the global scale-up of HIV care and treatment services, particularly in expansion of access to antiretroviral therapy. Despite initial concerns about cost and feasibility, PEPFAR overcame challenges by leveraging and coordinating with other funders, by working in partnership with the most affected countries, by supporting local ownership, by using a public health approach, by supporting task-shifting strategies, and by paying attention to health systems strengthening. As of September 2011, PEPFAR directly supported initiation of antiretroviral therapy for 3.9 million people and provided care and support for nearly 13 million people. Benefits in terms of prevention of morbidity and mortality have been reaped by those receiving the services, with evidence of societal benefits beyond the anticipated clinical benefits. However, much remains to be accomplished to achieve universal access, to enhance the quality of programs, to ensure retention of patients in care, and to continue to strengthen health systems. C1 [El-Sadr, Wafaa M.; Affrunti, Megan; Teasdale, Chloe] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, ICAP, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Holmes, Charles B.; Stabinski, Lara] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. [Mugyenyi, Peter] Joint Clin Res Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. [Thirumurthy, Harsha] Univ N Carolina, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Ellerbrock, Tedd] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ferris, Robert] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Sanne, Ian] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Asiimwe, Anita] Rwanda Biomed Ctr, Kigali, Rwanda. [Hirnschall, Gottfried] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Nkambule, Rejoice N.] Minist Hlth, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Zulu, Isaac] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lusaka, Zambia. [Whiteside, Alan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Hlth Econ & HIV AIDS Res Div, Durban, South Africa. RP El-Sadr, WM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, ICAP, 722 W 168th St,13th Floor, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM wme1@columbia.edu FU PEPFAR FX WES, PM, HT, IS, AS, GH, RNN, MA, CT are employed by organizations that have received funding support from PEPFAR. CH, TB, RF, LS, IZ work for PEPFAR-supported US Government agencies. NR 50 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 60 SU 3 BP S96 EP S104 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825eb27b PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981TR UT WOS:000306994100008 PM 22797746 ER PT J AU Marum, E Taegtmeyer, M Parekh, B Mugo, N Lembariti, S Phiri, M Moore, J Cheng, AS AF Marum, Elizabeth Taegtmeyer, Miriam Parekh, Bharat Mugo, Nelly Lembariti, Salama Phiri, Mannasseh Moore, Jan Cheng, Alison S. TI "What Took You So Long?" The Impact of PEPFAR on the Expansion of HIV Testing and Counseling Services in Africa SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE PEPFAR; HIV; counseling; testing ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DISCORDANT COUPLES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; SCALING-UP; UGANDA; PREVENTION; KENYA; TRANSMISSION; STRATEGIES AB HIV testing and counseling services in Africa began in the early 1990s, with limited availability and coverage. Fears of stigma and discrimination, complex laboratory systems, and lack of available care and treatment services hampered expansion. Use of rapid point-of-care tests, introduction of services to prevent mother-to-child transmission, and increasing provision of antiretroviral drugs were key events in the late 1990s and early 2000s that facilitated the expansion of HIV testing and counseling services. Innovations in service delivery included providing HIV testing in both clinical and community sites, including mobile and home testing. Promotional campaigns were conducted in many countries, and evolutions in policies and guidance facilitated expansion and uptake. Support from President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and national governments, other donors, and the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria contributed to significant increases in the numbers of persons tested in many countries. Quality of both testing and counseling, limited number of health care workers, uptake by couples, and effectiveness of linkages and referral systems remain challenges. Expansion of antiretroviral treatment, especially in light of the evidence that treatment contributes to prevention of transmission, will require greater yet strategic coverage of testing services, especially in clinical settings and in combination with other high-impact HIV prevention strategies. Continued support from President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, governments, and other donors is required for the expansion of testing needed to achieve international targets for the scale-up of treatment and universal access to knowledge of HIV status. C1 [Marum, Elizabeth; Parekh, Bharat; Moore, Jan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV & AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lusaka, Zambia. [Taegtmeyer, Miriam] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Clin Res Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Mugo, Nelly] Kenyatta Natl Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Lembariti, Salama] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Tanzania AIDS Prevent Project, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Phiri, Mannasseh] Soc Family Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. [Cheng, Alison S.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Marum, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV & AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Lusaka, Zambia. EM emarum@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 60 SU 3 BP S63 EP S69 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825f313b PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981TR UT WOS:000306994100004 PM 22797742 ER PT J AU Needle, R Fu, J Beyrer, C Loo, V Abdul-Quader, AS McIntyre, JA Li, ZJ Mbwambo, JKK Muthui, M Pick, B AF Needle, Richard Fu, Joe Beyrer, Chris Loo, Virginia Abdul-Quader, Abu S. McIntyre, James A. Li, Zhijun Mbwambo, Jessie K. K. Muthui, Mercy Pick, Billy TI PEPFAR's Evolving HIV Prevention Approaches for Key Populations-People Who Inject Drugs, Men Who Have Sex With Men, and Sex Workers: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE PEPFAR; key populations; HIV prevention ID CARE SERVICES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; INCOME; USERS; RISK AB In most countries, the burden of HIV among people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and sex workers is disproportionately high compared with that in the general population. Meanwhile, coverage rates of effective interventions among those key populations (KPs) are extremely low, despite a strong evidence base about the effectiveness of currently available interventions. In its first decade, President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is making progress in responding to HIV/AIDS, its risk factors, and the needs of KPs. Recent surveillance, surveys, and size estimation activities are helping PEPFAR country programs better estimate the HIV disease burden, understand risk behavior trends, and determine coverage and resources required for appropriate scale-up of services for KPs. To expand country planning of programs to further reduce HIV burden and increase coverage among KPs, PEPFAR has developed a strategy consisting of technical documents on the prevention of HIV among people who inject drugs (July 2010) and prevention of HIV among men who have sex with men (May 2011), linked with regional meetings and assistance visits to guide the adoption and scale-up of comprehensive packages of evidence-based prevention services for KPs. The implementation and scaling up of available and targeted interventions adapted for KPs are important steps in gaining better control over the spread and impact of HIV/AIDS among these populations. C1 [Needle, Richard; Fu, Joe] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Beyrer, Chris] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Publ Hlth & Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Ctr AIDS Res, Baltimore, MD USA. [Loo, Virginia] Partnership Epidemiol Anal, Honolulu, HI USA. [Abdul-Quader, Abu S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [McIntyre, James A.] Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [McIntyre, James A.] Anova Hlth Inst, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Mbwambo, Jessie K. K.] Muhimbili Natl Hosp, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Muthui, Mercy] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pick, Billy] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Needle, R (reprint author), Off Global AIDS Coordinator, SA-29,2nd Floor,2201 C St NW, Washington, DC 20522 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 60 SU 3 BP S145 EP S151 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825f315e PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981TR UT WOS:000306994100014 PM 22797736 ER PT J AU Nyberg, BJ Yates, DD Lovich, R Coulibaly-Traore, D Sherr, L Thurman, TR Sampson, A Howard, B AF Nyberg, Beverly J. Yates, Dee Dee Lovich, Ronnie Coulibaly-Traore, Djeneba Sherr, Lorraine Thurman, Tonya Renee Sampson, Anita Howard, Brian TI Saving Lives for a Lifetime: Supporting Orphans and Vulnerable Children Impacted by HIV/AIDS SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE PEPFAR; children affected by AIDS; orphans and vulnerable children ID EXTREME POVERTY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; AIDS; HIV; CARE; ADOLESCENTS; COUNTRIES; HEALTH; DEFINITIONS; PATTERNS AB President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR's) response to the millions of children impacted by HIV/AIDS was to designate 10% of its budget to securing their futures, making it the leading supporter of programs reaching orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) programs globally. This article describes the evolution of PEPFAR's OVC response based on programmatic lessons learned and an evergrowing understanding of the impacts of HIV/AIDS. In launching this international emergency effort and transitioning it toward sustainable local systems, PEPFAR helped establish both the technical content and the central importance of care and support for OVC as a necessary complement to biomedical efforts to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Critical services are reaching millions of HIV-affected children and families through vast networks of community-based responders and strengthened national systems of care. But rapid program scale-up has at times resulted in inconsistent responses, failure to match resources to properly assessed needs, and a dearth of rigorous program evaluations. Key investments should continue to be directed toward more sustainable and effective responses. These include greater attention to children's most significant developmental stages, a focus on building the resilience of families and communities, a proper balance of government and civil society investments, and more rigorous evaluation and research to ensure evidence-based programming. Even as HIV prevalence declines and medical treatment improves and expands, the impacts of HIV/AIDS on children, families, communities, economies, and societies will continue to accumulate for generations. Protecting the full potential of children-and thus of societies-requires sustained and strategic global investments aligned with experience and science. C1 [Nyberg, Beverly J.] Peace Corps, Off Global Hlth & HIV AIDS, Washington, DC USA. [Coulibaly-Traore, Djeneba] CDC, Community Based Programs, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Sherr, Lorraine] Royal Free & UC Med Sch, Res Dept Infect & Populat Hlth, Hlth Psychol Unit, London, England. [Thurman, Tonya Renee] Tulane Int LLC S Africa, Party, Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa. [Thurman, Tonya Renee] Tulane Univ, Sch Social Work, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Sampson, Anita] USAID, Pretoria, South Africa. [Howard, Brian] USAID, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Nyberg, BJ (reprint author), Peace Corps, Off Global Hlth & HIV AIDS, Washington, DC USA. EM bnyberg@peacecorps.gov NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 60 SU 3 BP S127 EP S135 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825da836 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981TR UT WOS:000306994100012 PM 22797734 ER PT J AU Palen, J El-Sadr, W Phoya, A Imtiaz, R Einterz, R Quain, E Blandford, J Bouey, P Lion, A AF Palen, John El-Sadr, Wafaa Phoya, Ann Imtiaz, Rubina Einterz, Robert Quain, Estelle Blandford, John Bouey, Paul Lion, Ann TI PEPFAR, Health System Strengthening, and Promoting Sustainability and Country Ownership SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE health system strengthening; PEPFAR; HIV/AIDS; sustainability; country ownership ID INITIATIVES; CARE; HIV AB Evidence demonstrates that scale-up of HIV services has produced stronger health systems and, conversely, that stronger health systems were critical to the success of the HIV scale-up. Increased access to and effectiveness of HIV treatment and care programs, attention to long-term sustainability, and recognition of the importance of national governance, and country ownership of HIV programs have resulted in an increased focus on structures that compromise the broader health system. Based on a review published literature and expert opinion, the article proposes 4 key health systems strengthening issues as a means to promote sustainability and country ownership of President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and other global health initiatives. First, development partners need provide capacity building support and to recognize and align resources with national government health strategies and operational plans. Second, investments in human capital, particularly human resources for health, need to be guided by national institutions and supported to ensure the training and retention of skilled, qualified, and relevant health care providers. Third, a range of financing strategies, both new resources and improved efficiencies, need to be pursued as a means to create more fiscal space to ensure sustainable and self-reliant systems. Finally, service delivery models must adjust to recent advancements in areas of HIV prevention and treatment and aim to establish evidence-based delivery models to reduce HIV transmission rates and the overall burden of disease. The article concludes that there needs to be ongoing efforts to identify and implement strategic health systems strengthening interventions and address the inherent tension and debate over investments in health systems. C1 [Palen, John; Lion, Ann] ABT Associates Inc, Dept Int Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [El-Sadr, Wafaa] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, ICAP, New York, NY USA. [Imtiaz, Rubina; Blandford, John] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Einterz, Robert] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indiana Univ Ctr Global Hlth, Ctr Global Hlth, Bloomington, IN USA. [Quain, Estelle] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Bouey, Paul] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Palen, J (reprint author), ABT Associates Inc, Dept Int Hlth, 4550 Montgomery Ave,Suite 800 N, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM john_palen@abtassoc.com OI van der Palen, Job/0000-0003-1071-6769 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 60 SU 3 BP S113 EP S119 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825d28d7 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981TR UT WOS:000306994100010 PM 22797732 ER PT J AU Reed, JB Njeuhmeli, E Thomas, AG Bacon, MC Bailey, R Cherutich, P Curran, K Dickson, K Farley, T Hankins, C Hatzold, K Justman, J Mwandi, Z Nkinsi, L Ridzon, R Ryan, C Bock, N AF Reed, Jason Bailey Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Thomas, Anne Goldzier Bacon, Melanie C. Bailey, Robert Cherutich, Peter Curran, Kelly Dickson, Kim Farley, Tim Hankins, Catherine Hatzold, Karin Justman, Jessica Mwandi, Zebedee Nkinsi, Luke Ridzon, Renee Ryan, Caroline Bock, Naomi TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: An HIV Prevention Priority for PEPFAR SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE male circumcision; HIV prevention; PEPFAR ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; FEMALE PARTNERS; TARGET-CELLS; YOUNG MEN; INFECTION; RISK; TRANSMISSION; KISUMU AB As the science demonstrating strong evidence for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention has evolved, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has collaborated with international agencies, donors, and partner country governments supporting VMMC programming. Mathematical models forecast that quickly reaching a large number of uncircumcised men with VMMC in strategically chosen populations may dramatically reduce community-level HIV incidence and save billions of dollars in HIV care and treatment costs. Because VMMC is a 1-time procedure that confers life-long partial protection against HIV, programs for adult men are vital short-term investments with long-term benefits. VMMC also provides a unique opportunity to reach boys and men with HIV testing and counseling services and referrals for other HIV services, including treatment. After formal recommendations by WHO in 2007, priority countries have pursued expansion of VMMC. More than 1 million males have received VMMC thus far, with the most notable successes coming from Kenya's Nyanza Province. However, a myriad of necessary cultural, political, and ethical considerations have moderated the pace of overall success. Because many millions more uncircumcised men would benefit from VMMC services now, US President Barack Obama committed PEPFAR to provide 4.7 million males with VMMC by 2014. Innovative circumcision methods-such as medical devices that remove the foreskin without injected anesthesia and/or sutures-are being rigorously evaluated. Incorporation of safe innovations into surgical VMMC programs may provide the opportunity to reach more men more quickly with services and dramatically reduce HIV incidence for all. C1 [Reed, Jason Bailey; Bock, Naomi] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Thomas, Anne Goldzier] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def HIV AIDS Program, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Bacon, Melanie C.] US Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. [Bailey, Robert] Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. [Curran, Kelly] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD USA. [Dickson, Kim] UNICEF, Hlth Sect, New York, NY USA. [Farley, Tim] WHO, Sigma3 Serv, Nyon, Switzerland. [Hankins, Catherine] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Geneva, Switzerland. [Hankins, Catherine] Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. [Justman, Jessica] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, New York, NY USA. [Mwandi, Zebedee] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ridzon, Renee] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Ahimsa Grp LLC, Seattle, WA USA. [Ryan, Caroline] Off Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. RP Reed, JB (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jreed1@cdc.gov OI Hankins, Catherine/0000-0002-1642-8592 FU PEPFAR FX Various authors receive financial support or have professional relationships from PEPFAR (either as employees of PEPFAR-supported US Government agencies or as grantees/contractors) as outlined in the Copyright Transfer Agreement Forms. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 60 SU 3 BP S88 EP S95 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825cac4e PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981TR UT WOS:000306994100007 PM 22797745 ER PT J AU Ryan, CA Conly, SR Stanton, DL Hasen, NS AF Ryan, Caroline A. Conly, Shanti R. Stanton, David L. Hasen, Nina S. TI Prevention of Sexually Transmitted HIV Infections Through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief: A History of Achievements and Lessons Learned SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE PEPFAR; prevention ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SOUTH-AFRICA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MALE CIRCUMCISION; DOUBLE-BLIND; WOMEN; RISK; UGANDA; SEX; MEN AB HIV prevention in the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) began when both data on HIV prevalence and the toolbox of interventions for prevention of sexual transmission were relatively limited. PEPFAR's early focus was on scaling-up information, education, and communication programs that included messaging on abstinence for youth and faithfulness primarily through nongovernmental organizations, including faith-based organizations. Additional activities included condom promotion, distribution, and social marketing. In epidemics concentrated within key populations, PEPFAR's prevention efforts focused on a minimum package of services including outreach, information, education, and communication programs, STI treatment (where appropriate), and condom promotion and distribution. As more epidemiological data became available and with experience gleaned in these early efforts, the need for tailored and flexible approaches became evident. The next iteration of prevention efforts still emphasized behavioral interventions, but incorporated a sharper focus on key epidemic drivers, especially multiple partners; a data-driven emphasis on high transmission areas and populations, including prevention with people living with HIV; and a more strategic and coordinated approach at the national level. Recently, the paradigm for prevention efforts has shifted yet again. Evidence that biomedical interventions such as male circumcision, treatment for prevention of vertical and horizontal transmission, and treatment itself could lead to declines in incidence has refocused PEPFAR's prevention portfolio. New guidance on sexually transmitted HIV focuses on combination prevention, emphasizing biomedical, behavioral and structural approaches. Landmark speeches by the President and the Secretary of State and new ambitious targets for PEPFAR point toward a new goal: an AIDS-free generation. C1 [Ryan, Caroline A.; Hasen, Nina S.] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Conly, Shanti R.; Stanton, David L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Ryan, CA (reprint author), US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, 2100 Penn Ave,Suite 200, Washington, DC 20520 USA. EM RyanCA@state.gov NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 60 SU 3 BP S70 EP S77 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31825e3149 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 981TR UT WOS:000306994100005 PM 22797743 ER PT J AU Lynch, M Korenromp, E Eisele, T Newby, H Steketee, R Kachur, SP Nahlen, B Yoon, S MacArthur, J Newman, R Cibulskis, R AF Lynch, Michael Korenromp, Eline Eisele, Thom Newby, Holly Steketee, Rick Kachur, S. Patrick Nahlen, Bernard Yoon, Steven MacArthur, John Newman, Robert Cibulskis, Richard TI New global estimates of malaria deaths SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Lynch, Michael; Newman, Robert; Cibulskis, Richard] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Korenromp, Eline] Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. [Eisele, Thom] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Newby, Holly] UN Int Childrens Emergency Fund, New York, NY USA. [Steketee, Rick] Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. [Kachur, S. Patrick; Yoon, Steven; MacArthur, John] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nahlen, Bernard] United States Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Lynch, M (reprint author), WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM lynchm@who.int NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 11 PY 2012 VL 380 IS 9841 BP 559 EP 559 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 988SQ UT WOS:000307511400017 PM 22883496 ER PT J AU Fabic, MS Choi, Y Bird, S AF Fabic, Madeleine Short Choi, YoonJoung Bird, Sandra TI A systematic review of Demographic and Health Surveys: data availability and utilization for research SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Review ID MORTALITY; COUNTRIES; WORLDWIDE; POLICY AB Objective To systematically review the public health literature to assess trends in the use of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for research from 1984 to 2010 and to describe the relationship between data availability and data utilization. Methods The MEASURE DHS web site was searched for information on all population-based surveys completed under the DHS project between 1984 and 2010. The information collected included the country, type of survey, survey design, fieldwork period and certain special features, such as inclusion of biomarkers. A search of PubMed was also conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles published during 2010 that analysed DHS data and included an English-language abstract. Trends in data availability and in the use of DHS data for research were assessed through descriptive, graphical and bivariate linear regression analyses. Findings In total, 236 household surveys under the DHS project were completed across 84 countries during 2010. The number of surveys per year has remained constant, although the scope of the survey questions has expanded. The inclusion criteria were met by 1117 peer-reviewed publications. The number of publications has increased progressively over the last quarter century, with an average annual increment of 4.3 (95% confidence interval, CI: 3.2-5.3) publications. Trends in the number of peer-reviewed publications based on the use of DHS data were highly correlated with trends in funding for health by the Government of the United States of America and globally. Conclusion Published peer-reviewed articles analysing DHS data, which have increased progressively in number over the last quarter century, have made a substantial contribution to the public health evidence base in developing countries. C1 [Fabic, Madeleine Short; Choi, YoonJoung; Bird, Sandra] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Fabic, MS (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM mshort@usaid.gov NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 90 IS 8 BP 604 EP 612 DI 10.2471/BLT.11.095513 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 988JC UT WOS:000307485500011 ER PT J AU Bristow, CC Larson, E Vilakazi-Nhlapo, AK Wilson, M Klausner, JD AF Bristow, C. C. Larson, E. Vilakazi-Nhlapo, A. K. Wilson, M. Klausner, J. D. TI Scale-up of isoniazid preventive therapy in PEPFAR-assisted clinical sites in South Africa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE IPT; tuberculosis; HIV; PEPFAR ID TUBERCULOSIS AB We reviewed the implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in South Africa from January 2010 to March 2011. The South African National Department of Health distributed revised IPT guidelines in May 2010 to increase IPT use in eligible human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. We found a dramatic increase in the absolute numbers of patients reported to have been initiated on IPT (from 3309 in January-March 2010 to 49130 in January-March 2011), representing an increase in the proportion (1.0-10.5%) of potentially eligible HIV-infected patients started on IPT. C1 [Bristow, C. C.; Larson, E.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent S Africa, Amer Sch Publ Hlth, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Vilakazi-Nhlapo, A. K.] Natl Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Wilson, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Bristow, CC (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent S Africa, Amer Sch Publ Hlth, POB 9536, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. EM BristowC@sa.cdc.gov FU US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) FX Support for this work was provided in part by the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The authors acknowledge the contributions of the South African Government Clinic staff, including the facility managers and PEPFAR implementing partners, who have worked tirelessly to increase the use of IPT. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1020 EP 1022 DI 10.5588/ijtld.11.0744 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 977QF UT WOS:000306678800006 PM 22668595 ER PT J AU Williams, BA Stern, MF Mellow, J Safer, M Greifinger, RB AF Williams, Brie A. Stern, Marc F. Mellow, Jeff Safer, Meredith Greifinger, Robert B. TI Aging in Correctional Custody: Setting a Policy Agenda for Older Prisoner Health Care SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PALLIATIVE CARE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ELDERLY PERSONS; INMATES; COMMUNITY; DEMENTIA; RELEASE; STATE; RISK; COMORBIDITIES AB An exponential rise in the number of older prisoners is creating new and costly challenges for the criminal justice system, state economies, and communities to which older former prisoners return. We convened a meeting of 29 national experts in correctional health care, academic medicine, nursing, and civil rights to identify knowledge gaps and to propose a policy agenda to improve the care of older prisoners. The group identified 9 priority areas to be addressed: definition of the older prisoner, correctional staff training, definition of functional impairment in prison, recognition and assessment of dementia, recognition of the special needs of older women prisoners, geriatric housing units, issues for older adults upon release, medical early release, and prison-based palliative medicine programs. (Am J Public Health. 2012;102:1475-1481. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300704) C1 [Williams, Brie A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Geriatr, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. [Williams, Brie A.] San Francisco VA Med Ctr, Div Geriatr, San Francisco, CA USA. [Stern, Marc F.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mellow, Jeff] CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, Dept Criminal Justice, New York, NY USA. [Greifinger, Robert B.] CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, Ctr Evaluat & Res, New York, NY USA. [Safer, Meredith] Liberian Minist Hlth & Social Welf, US Agcy Int Dev, Monrovia, Liberia. RP Williams, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Geriatr, Dept Med, 3333 Calif St,Suite 380, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. EM brie.williams@ucsf.edu FU National Institute of Aging [K23AG033102]; Jacob and Valeria Langeloth Foundation; University of California, San Francisco Hartford Center of Excellence; Langeloth Foundation Leadership Symposia in Correctional Health Care FX B. A. Williams is supported by the National Institute of Aging (grant K23AG033102), the Jacob and Valeria Langeloth Foundation, and the University of California, San Francisco Hartford Center of Excellence. This study and J. Mellow and R. B. Greifinger were also supported by a grant from the Langeloth Foundation Leadership Symposia in Correctional Health Care. NR 60 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2012 VL 102 IS 8 BP 1475 EP 1481 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300704 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 981AO UT WOS:000306937900009 PM 22698042 ER PT J AU Rajkotia, Y Frick, K AF Rajkotia, Yogesh Frick, Kevin TI Does household enrolment reduce adverse selection in a voluntary health insurance system? Evidence from the Ghanaian National Health Insurance System SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Adverse selection; health insurance; health financing; health economics AB In August 2003, the Ghanaian Government made history by implementing the first National Health Insurance System (NHIS) in sub-Saharan Africa. Within 2 years, over one-third of the country had voluntarily enrolled in the NHIS. To discourage households from selectively enrolling their sickest (high-risk) members, the NHIS in the Nkoranza district offered premium waivers for all children under 18 in exchange for full household enrolment. This study aimed to test whether, despite this incentive, there is evidence suggestive of adverse selection. To accomplish this, we examined how the observed pay-off from insurance (odds and intensity of medical consumption) responds to changes in the family enrolment cost. If adverse selection were present, we would expect the odds and intensity of medical consumption to increase with family enrolment cost. A number of econometric tests were conducted using the claims database of the NHIS in Nkoranza. Households with full enrolment were analysed, for a total of 58 516 individuals from 12 515 households. Our results show that household enrolment cost is not correlated with (1) odds or intensity of inpatient use or (2) odds of adult outpatient use, and is weakly correlated with the intensity of outpatient use. We also find that household enrolment costs are positively correlated with the number of children in the household and the odds and intensity of outpatient use by children. Thus, we conclude that the child-premium waiver is an important incentive for household enrolment. This evidence suggests that adverse selection has effectively been contained, but not eliminated. We argue that since one of the main objectives of the NHIS was to increase use of necessary care, especially by children, our findings indicate a largely favourable policy outcome, but one that may carry negative financial consequences. Policy makers must balance the fiscal need to contain costs with the societal objective to cover vulnerable populations. C1 [Rajkotia, Yogesh] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Rajkotia, Yogesh] Inst Collaborat Dev, Rockville, MD USA. [Frick, Kevin] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Rajkotia, Y (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM yogesh1@hotmail.com NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 27 IS 5 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1093/heapol/czr057 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 980YP UT WOS:000306930400008 PM 21900360 ER PT J AU Lundgren, RI Karra, MV Yam, EA AF Lundgren, Rebecka I. Karra, Mihira V. Yam, Eileen A. TI The role of the Standard Days Method in modern family planning services in developing countries SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CONTRACEPTION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Quality of care; Standard Days Method; Natural family planning; Fertility-awareness-based family planning ID CONTRACEPTIVE INTRODUCTION; QUALITY AB Background The mere availability of family planning (FP) services is not sufficient to improve reproductive health; services must also be of adequate quality. The introduction of new contraceptive methods is a means of improving quality of care. The Standard Days Method (SDM) is a new fertility-awareness-based contraceptive method that has been successfully added to reproductive health care services around the world. Content Framed by the Bruce-Jain quality-of-care paradigm, this paper describes how the introduction of SDM in developing country settings can improve the six elements of quality while contributing to the intrinsic variety of available methods. SDM meets the needs of women and couples who opt not to use other modern methods. SDM providers are sensitised to the potential of fertility-awareness-based contraception as an appropriate choice for these clients. SDM requires the involvement of both partners and thus offers a natural entry point for providers to further explore partner communication, intimate partner violence, condoms, and HIV/STIs. Conclusion SDM introduction broadens the range of FP methods available to couples in developing countries. SDM counselling presents an opportunity for FP providers to discuss important interpersonal and reproductive health issues with potential users. C1 [Lundgren, Rebecka I.] Georgetown Univ, Inst Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Karra, Mihira V.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Div Res Technol & Utilizat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Yam, Eileen A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Family & Reprod Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lundgren, RI (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Inst Reprod Hlth, 4301 Connecticut Ave NW,Suite 310, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM lundgrer@georgetown.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1362-5187 J9 EUR J CONTRACEP REPR JI Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care PD AUG PY 2012 VL 17 IS 4 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.3109/13625187.2012.677077 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 974HZ UT WOS:000306425400003 PM 22681177 ER PT J AU Carr, B Gates, MF Mitchell, A Shah, R AF Carr, Bob Gates, Melinda French Mitchell, Andrew Shah, Rajiv TI Giving women the power to plan their families SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Carr, Bob] Dept Foreign Affairs & Trade, Barton Act, Australia. [Gates, Melinda French] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. [Mitchell, Andrew] Dept Int Dev, London, England. [Shah, Rajiv] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Carr, B (reprint author), Dept Foreign Affairs & Trade, Barton Act, Australia. EM pssofs@dfid.gov.uk NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 14 PY 2012 VL 380 IS 9837 BP 80 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60905-2 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 973KN UT WOS:000306359100007 PM 22784540 ER PT J AU Marcos, Y Phelps, BR Bachman, G AF Marcos, Yabsera Phelps, Benjamin Ryan Bachman, Gretchen TI Community strategies that improve care and retention along the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV cascade: a review SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE HIV; PMTCT cascade; vertical transmission; loss to follow-up; retention; community oriented; community-based ID LOWER-INCOME COUNTRIES; SOUTH-AFRICA; RURAL DISTRICT; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PMTCT PROGRAMS; HIV/AIDS CARE; ZIMBABWE; SERVICES; NEVIRAPINE; PARTICIPATION AB Introduction: While biomedical innovations have made it possible to prevent the vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child, poor retention along the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) cascade continues to limit the impact of programmes, especially in low-resourced settings. In many of the regions with the highest burden of HIV and the greatest number of new paediatric cases, the uptake of facility-based care by pregnant women remains low. In such settings, the continuum of care for pregnant women and other women of reproductive age necessarily relies on the community. There is no recent review capturing effective, promising practices that are community-based and/or employ community-oriented groups to improve outcomes for the prevention of vertical transmission. This review summarizes those studies demonstrating that community-based and community-oriented interventions significantly influence retention and related outcomes along the PMTCT cascade. Methods: Literature on retention within prevention of vertical transmission programmes available on PubMed, Psych Info and MEDLINE was searched and manuscripts reporting on key prevention of vertical transmission outcomes were identified. Short-listed studies that captured significant PMTCT outcome improvements resulting from community-based interventions or facility-based employment of community cohorts (e.g. lay counsellors, community volunteers, etc.) were selected for review. Results: The initial search (using terms "HIV'' and "PMTCT'') yielded 430 articles. These results were further narrowed using terminology relevant to community prevention of vertical transmission strategies addressing retention: "community,'' "PMTCT cascade,'' "retention,'' "loss to follow up'' and "early infant diagnosis.'' Nine of these reported statistically significant improvements in key prevention of vertical transmission outcomes while meeting other review criteria. Short-listed articles reflect diverse study designs and a variety of effective interventions. Two interventions occurred exclusively in the community and four effectively employed community groups within facilities. The remaining three integrated community-and facility-based components. The outcomes of the included studies focus on knowledge (n = 3) and retention along the PMTCT cascade (n = 6). Conclusions: This review captures an array of promising community- based and community-oriented interventions that demonstratively improve key prevention of vertical transmission outcomes. Though the strategies captured here show that such interventions work, the limited number of rigorous studies identified make it clear that expansion of community approaches and complementary reporting and related research are sorely needed. C1 [Marcos, Yabsera; Phelps, Benjamin Ryan; Bachman, Gretchen] USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Marcos, Y (reprint author), USAID, Off HIV AIDS, 1201 Penn Ave NW,Ste 200, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM yabity@gmail.com NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT AIDS SOCIETY PI GENEVA PA AVENUE DE FRANCE 23, GENEVA, 1202, SWITZERLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 15 SU 2 AR 17394 DI 10.7448/IAS.15.4.17394 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 124TN UT WOS:000317490000005 PM 22789647 ER PT J AU Simonds, RJ Carrino, CA Moloney-Kitts, M AF Simonds, R. J. Carrino, Constance A. Moloney-Kitts, Michele TI Lessons From The President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief: From Quick Ramp-Up To The Role Of Strategic Partnership SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB In its first five years, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)-the largest commitment ever by any nation to combat a single disease-succeeded in getting 2.1 million people on antiretroviral treatment and 10.1 million people in care; prevented an estimated 237,600 HIV infections in infants; and saved an estimated 3.28 million adult years of life. Much of the global program's success can be attributed to early decisions to implement new structures and approaches designed to meet its ambitious targets quickly, overcome bureaucratic inertia, and ensure continued progress. A unified US government program was created with a single coordinator. There was a focus on quick ramp-up, strategic partnerships, and sustainable local ownership. Accountability and performance were emphasized. These new approaches played critical roles in translating the unprecedented resources and political support for PEPFAR into improved health for millions of people. Successful aspects of the way in which PEPFAR was organized and implemented, along with less successful or deficient ones, offer lessons for any large, complex international health initiative. C1 [Simonds, R. J.] Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Carrino, Constance A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Moloney-Kitts, Michele] Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Washington, DC USA. RP Simonds, RJ (reprint author), Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Washington, DC USA. EM rjsimonds@pedaids.org NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1397 EP 1405 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0193 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 977FR UT WOS:000306642400004 PM 22778328 ER PT J AU Dutta, A Wallace, N Savosnick, P Adungosi, J Kioko, UM Stewart, S Hijazi, M Gichanga, B AF Dutta, Arin Wallace, Nathan Savosnick, Peter Adungosi, John Kioko, Urbanus Mutuku Stewart, Scott Hijazi, Mai Gichanga, Bedan TI Investing In HIV Services While Building Kenya's Health System: PEPFAR's Support To Prevent Mother-To-Child HIV Transmission SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB Trade-offs may exist between investments to promote health system strengthening, such as investments in facilities and training, and the rapid scale-up of HIV/AIDS services. We analyzed trends in expenditures to support the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Kenya under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) from 2005 to 2010. We examined how expenditures changed over time, considering health system strengthening alongside direct treatment of patients. We focused on two organizations carrying out contracts under PEPFAR: the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation and FHI360 (formerly Family Health International), a nonprofit health and development organization. We found that the average unit expenditure, or the spending on goods and services per mother living with HIV who was provided with antiretroviral drugs, declined by 52 percent, from $567 to $271, during this time period. The unit expenditure per mother-to-infant transmission averted declined by 66 percent, from $7,117 to $2,440. Meanwhile, the health system strengthening proportion of unit expenditure increased from 12 percent to 33 percent during the same time period. The analysis suggests that PEPFAR investments in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Kenya became more efficient over time, and that there was no strong evidence of a trade-off between scaling up services and investing in health systems. C1 [Dutta, Arin] Futures Grp Int, Washington, DC USA. [Savosnick, Peter] Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Nairobi, Kenya. [Adungosi, John] Care & Treatment FHI360 Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kioko, Urbanus Mutuku] Univ Nairobi, Ctr Econ & Social Res, Nairobi, Kenya. [Stewart, Scott] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hijazi, Mai] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Kioko, Urbanus Mutuku] Univ Nairobi, Sch Econ, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Dutta, A (reprint author), Futures Grp Int, Washington, DC USA. EM adutta@futuresgroup.com OI Dutta, Arin/0000-0002-2753-5035 FU US Agency for International Development FX Financial support was provided by the US Agency for International Development. The authors acknowledge the research assistance provided by Nicole Perales. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1498 EP 1507 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0227 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 977FR UT WOS:000306642400015 PM 22778339 ER PT J AU Holmes, CB Blandford, JM Sangrujee, N Stewart, SR DuBois, A Smith, TR Martin, JC Gavaghan, A Ryan, CA Goosby, EP AF Holmes, Charles B. Blandford, John M. Sangrujee, Nalinee Stewart, Scott R. DuBois, Amy Smith, Tyler R. Martin, Julia C. Gavaghan, Ann Ryan, Caroline A. Goosby, Eric P. TI PEPFAR'S Past And Future Efforts To Cut Costs, Improve Efficiency, And Increase The Impact Of Global HIV Programs SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID PRESIDENTS EMERGENCY PLAN; MALE CIRCUMCISION; AIDS RELIEF; PREVENTION; AFRICA; TRIAL; MEN AB Amid the global economic crisis, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and other organizations have been pressed to do more with constrained resources to meet unmet needs in the worldwide HIV/AIDS pandemic. PEPFAR has approached this challenge through the development of an Impact and Efficiency Acceleration Plan, which includes improving the collection and use of economic and financial data, increasing the efficiency of HIV/AIDS program implementation, and collaborating with governments and multilateral organizations to maximize the impact of the resources provided by the United States. For example, by linking financial data with program outputs, PEPFAR was able to help its implementing partners in Mozambique reduce mean unit expenditures for people receiving antiretroviral treatment by 45 percent, from $265 to $145 per person, between 2009 and 2011. This article describes the plan's elements, provides examples of progress and challenges to its implementation, and assesses the prospects for further improvements in efficiency and impact. C1 [Holmes, Charles B.; DuBois, Amy; Smith, Tyler R.] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Off Res & Sci, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Blandford, John M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Econ Syst & Integrat Branch, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Sangrujee, Nalinee] CDC, Hlth Econ & Finance Team, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Stewart, Scott R.] US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth Syst Div, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Sangrujee, Nalinee] CDC, Hlth Econ & Finance Team, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Ryan, Caroline A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holmes, CB (reprint author), US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Off Res & Sci, Washington, DC 20520 USA. EM HolmesCB@state.gov NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1553 EP 1560 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0562 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 977FR UT WOS:000306642400021 PM 22778345 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Use of hormonal contraceptives and risk of HIV-1 transmission SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 12 IS 7 BP 507 EP 508 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70112-3 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 969HC UT WOS:000306045300010 PM 22742626 ER PT J AU Alamo, ST Kunutsor, S Walley, J Thoulass, J Evans, M Muchuro, S Matovu, A Katabira, E AF Alamo, Stella-Talisuna Kunutsor, Setor Walley, John Thoulass, Janine Evans, Morgan Muchuro, Simon Matovu, Ahmed Katabira, Elly TI Performance of the new WHO diagnostic algorithm for smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV prevalent settings: a multisite study in Uganda SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE pulmonary tuberculosis; diagnostic; smear negative; HIV prevalent; resource limited; tuberculose pulmonaire; diagnostic; frottis negatif; VIH repandue; ressources limitees; tuberculosis pulmonar; diagnostico; baciloscopia negativa; prevalencia VIH; recursos limitados ID SPUTUM INDUCTION; INFECTION; COUNTRIES; OUTCOMES; PROGRAM; AREA; AIDS AB Objective To compare the performance of the new WHO (2007) diagnostic algorithm for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in high HIV prevalent settings (WHO07) to the WHO 2003 guidelines used by the Ugandan National Tuberculosis Program (UgWHO03). Methods A prospective observational cohort design was used at Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, an urban slum community-based AIDS Service Organisation (ASO) and Kayunga Rural District Government Hospital. Newly diagnosed and enrolled HIV-infected patients were assessed for PTB. Research staff interviewed patients and staff and observed operational constraints. Results WHO07 reduced the time to diagnosis of smear-negative PTB with increased sensitivity compared with the UgWHO03 at both sites. Time to diagnosis of smear-negative PTB was significantly shorter at the urban ASO than at the rural ASO (12.4 vs. 28.5 days, P = 0.003). Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for smear-negative PTB were higher at the rural hospital compared with the urban ASO: [98% (93100%) vs. 86% (7792%), P = 0.001] and [95% (72100%) vs. 90% (5499%), P > 0.05], respectively. Common barriers to implementation of algorithms included failure by patients to attend follow-up appointments and poor adherence by healthcare workers to algorithms. Conclusion At both sites, WHO07 expedited diagnosis of smear-negative PTB with increased diagnostic accuracy compared with the UgWHO03. The WHO07 expedited diagnosis more at the urban ASO but with more diagnostic accuracy at the rural hospital. Barriers to implementation should be taken into account when operationalising these guidelines for TB diagnosis in resource-limited settings. C1 [Kunutsor, Setor] Univ Cambridge, Strangeways Res Lab, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England. [Alamo, Stella-Talisuna] Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV AIDS Initiat, Kampala, Uganda. [Kunutsor, Setor; Walley, John] Univ Leeds, Inst Hlth Sci, Nuffield Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Thoulass, Janine] Univ Aberdeen, Coll Life Sci & Med, Sect Populat Hlth, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Evans, Morgan] Univ Dundee, Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dept Infect Dis, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland. [Muchuro, Simon] USAID, SUSTAIN Project, Intergrated Community Based Initiat, Kampala, Uganda. [Matovu, Ahmed] Kayunga Dist Hosp, Kayunga, Uganda. [Katabira, Elly] Makerere Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Kampala, Uganda. RP Kunutsor, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Strangeways Res Lab, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England. EM skk31@cantab.net FU WHO; Communicable Disease Research Programme (COMDIS) Consortium; Department for International Development, United Kingdom; Ugandan Ministry of Health National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory; National AIDS Control Programme FX We appreciate the technical support from Dr. Haileyesus Getahun from STOP TB Department of WHO and the additional financial support from the WHO that made the studies possible. We acknowledge Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine that hosted the project offices and the Ugandan Ministry of Health National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory and National AIDS Control Programme for the support and facilitation of this study. We extend our profound gratitude to Dr. Harriet Kisembo of the Department of Radiology, Mulago National Referral Hospital, for the invaluable support offered during the course of the study. The study team also acknowledges the enthusiasm and immense contributions of the two research assistants, Ernest Kabizwe and Nicholas Ssendage and their co-workers. We thank the management and health workers of Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative and Kayunga District Hospital where the studies were conducted. Special thanks go to all clients, their relatives and members of the community at both sites who willingly participated in the study. Without their input, this study would not have been possible. Lastly, COMDIS is grateful to the Malaria Consortium, Uganda, for providing timely operational support to the study. This work was funded by the Communicable Disease Research Programme (COMDIS) Consortium led by the Nuffield Centre at Leeds University that itself is funded by the Department for International Development, United Kingdom. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUL PY 2012 VL 17 IS 7 BP 884 EP 895 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03003.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 962BH UT WOS:000305513700012 PM 22575012 ER PT J AU Charles, B Jeyaseelan, L Pandian, AK Sam, AE Thenmozhi, M Jayaseelan, V AF Charles, Bimal Jeyaseelan, Lakshmanan Pandian, Arvind Kumar Sam, Asirvatham Edwin Thenmozhi, Mani Jayaseelan, Visalakshi TI Association between stigma, depression and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in South India - a community based cross sectional study SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIV-RELATED STIGMA; SOCIAL SUPPORT; HEALTH; WOMEN; INFECTION; AIDS; CARE; DISCRIMINATION; INDIVIDUALS; DISCLOSURE AB Background: India has around 2.27 million adults living with HIV/AIDS who face several challenges in the medical management of their disease. Stigma, discrimination and psychosocial issues are prevalent. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of severe stigma and to study the association between this, depression and the quality of life (QOL) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in Tamil Nadu. Methods: This was a community based cross sectional study carried out in seven districts of Tamil Nadu, India, among 400 PLHA in the year 2009. The following scales were used for stigma, depression and quality of life, Berger scale, Major Depression Inventory (MDI) scale and the WHO BREF scale. Both Stigma and QOL were classified as none, moderate or severe/poor based on the tertile cut off values of the scale scores. Depression was classified as none, mild, moderate and severe. Logistic regression analyses were performed to study the risk factors. Results: Twenty seven per cent of PLHA had experienced severe forms of stigma. These were severe forms of personalized stigma (28.8%), negative self-image (30.3%), perceived public attitude (18.2%) and disclosure concerns (26%). PLHA experiencing severe depression were 12% and those experiencing poor quality of life were 34%. Poor QOL reported in the physical, psychological, social and environmental domains was 42.5%, 40%, 51.2% and 34% respectively. PLHA who had severe personalized stigma and negative self-image had 3.4 (1.6-7.0) and 2.1 (1.0-4.1) times higher risk of severe depression respectively (p<.001). PLHA who had severe depression had experienced 2.7 (1.1-7.7) times significantly poorer QOL. Conclusions: Severe forms of stigma were equivalently prevalent among all the categories of PLHA. However, PLHA who had experienced severe depression had only developed poor QOL. A high level of social support was associated with a high level of QOL. C1 [Charles, Bimal; Sam, Asirvatham Edwin] Voluntary Hlth Serv, AIDS Prevent & Control Project, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India. [Jeyaseelan, Lakshmanan; Thenmozhi, Mani; Jayaseelan, Visalakshi] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Biostat, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India. [Pandian, Arvind Kumar] USAID, New Delhi, India. RP Sam, AE (reprint author), Voluntary Hlth Serv, AIDS Prevent & Control Project, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India. EM aedwinsam@yahoo.com FU USAID FX The authors are grateful to all the participants in the study. The authors thank USAID for providing financial assistance to the AIDS Prevention and Control Project, through which the study was carried out. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUN 21 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 463 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-12-463 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 007YH UT WOS:000308923800001 PM 22720691 ER PT J AU Brito, L Fisk, D Abreu, A Pan, JH Dehgan, A Kabat, P Duflo, E AF Brito, Lidia Fisk, David Abreu, Alice Pan, Jiahua Dehgan, Alex Kabat, Pavel Duflo, Esther TI Science for Sustainable Development SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brito, Lidia] UNESCO, Div Sci Policy & Capac Bldg, F-75352 Paris, France. [Fisk, David] Imperial Coll London, Laing ORourke Ctr Syst Engn & Innovat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Abreu, Alice] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Abreu, Alice] Int Council Sci ICSU, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Pan, Jiahua] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Sustainable Dev, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Dehgan, Alex] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Kabat, Pavel] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Kabat, Pavel] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Earth Syst Sci & Climate Change Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Duflo, Esther] Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Duflo, Esther] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Brito, L (reprint author), UNESCO, Div Sci Policy & Capac Bldg, F-75352 Paris, France. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 336 IS 6087 BP 1396 EP 1398 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 958BT UT WOS:000305211700033 PM 22700913 ER PT J AU Micek, MA Blanco, AJ Carlsson, J Beck, IA Dross, S Matunha, L Seidel, K Montoya, P Gantt, S Matediana, E Jamisse, L Gloyd, S Frenkel, LM AF Micek, Mark A. Blanco, Ana Judith Carlsson, Jacquelyn Beck, Ingrid A. Dross, Sandra Matunha, Laurinda Seidel, Kristy Montoya, Pablo Gantt, Soren Matediana, Eduardo Jamisse, Lilia Gloyd, Stephen Frenkel, Lisa M. TI Effects of Short-Course Zidovudine on the Selection of Nevirapine-Resistant HIV-1 in Women Taking Single-Dose Nevirapine SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PREVENTION; MUTATIONS; PLACEBO; MOTHERS AB Single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) given to prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HIV-1 selects NVP-resistance. Short-course zidovudine (ZDV) was hypothesized to lower rates of NVP-resistance. HIV-1 infected pregnant women administered sdNVP with or without short-course ZDV were assessed for HIV-1 mutations (K103N, Y181C, G190A, and V106M) prior to delivery and postpartum. Postpartum NVP-resistance was lower among 31 taking ZDV+sdNVP compared to 33 taking only sdNVP (35.5% vs 72.7%; chi(2) P=.003). NVP mutants decayed to <2% in 24/35 (68.6%) at a median 6 months postpartum, with no differences based on ZDV use (logrank P=.99). Short-course ZDV was associated with reduced NVP-resistance mutations among women taking sdNVP. C1 [Micek, Mark A.; Blanco, Ana Judith; Montoya, Pablo; Gantt, Soren; Gloyd, Stephen; Frenkel, Lisa M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Micek, Mark A.; Blanco, Ana Judith; Matunha, Laurinda; Montoya, Pablo; Gloyd, Stephen] Hlth Alliance Int, Seattle, WA USA. [Carlsson, Jacquelyn; Beck, Ingrid A.; Dross, Sandra; Seidel, Kristy; Gantt, Soren; Frenkel, Lisa M.] Seattle Childrens Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. [Jamisse, Lilia] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Frenkel, LM (reprint author), 1900 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM lfrenkel@u.washington.edu OI Frenkel, Lisa M/0000-0001-9566-8959; Gantt, Soren/0000-0001-5743-3606 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01 AI058723]; NIH STD/AIDS [T32 AI07140] FX This work was supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant award (to L. M. F., R01 AI058723). M. A. M. was also supported in part by an NIH STD/AIDS Research Training Grant (T32 AI07140). The funding agencies were not involved in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2012 VL 205 IS 12 BP 1811 EP 1815 DI 10.1093/infdis/jis282 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 948YI UT WOS:000304539600008 PM 22492850 ER PT J AU Stanton, CK Newton, S Mullany, LC Cofie, P Agyemang, CT Adiibokah, E Darcy, N Khan, S Levisay, A Gyapong, J Armbruster, D Owusu-Agyei, S AF Stanton, Cynthia K. Newton, Samuel Mullany, Luke C. Cofie, Patience Agyemang, Charlotte Tawiah Adiibokah, Edward Darcy, Niamh Khan, Sadaf Levisay, Alice Gyapong, John Armbruster, Deborah Owusu-Agyei, Seth TI Impact on postpartum hemorrhage of prophylactic administration of oxytocin 10 IU via Uniject (TM) by peripheral health care providers at home births: design of a community-based cluster-randomized trial SO BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH LA English DT Article DE Postpartum hemorrhage; Oxytocin; Uterotonics; Randomized trial ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; 3RD-STAGE LABOR; MISOPROSTOL; MANAGEMENT; VIETNAM; DEVICE AB Background: Hemorrhage is the leading direct cause of maternal death globally. While oxytocin is the drug of choice for postpartum hemorrhage prevention, its use has generally been limited to health facilities. This trial assesses the effectiveness, safety, and feasibility of expanding the use of prophylactic intramuscular oxytocin to peripheral health care providers at home births in four predominantly rural districts in central Ghana. Methods: This study is designed as a community-based cluster-randomized trial in which Community Health Officers are randomized to provide (or not provide) an injection of oxytocin 10 IU via the Uniject (TM) injection system within one minute of delivery of the baby to women who request their presence at home at the onset of labor. The primary aim is to determine if administration of prophylactic oxytocin via Uniject (TM) by this cadre will reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage by 50% relative to deliveries which do not receive the prophylactic intervention. Postpartum hemorrhage is examined under three sequential definitions: 1) blood loss >= 500 ml (BL); 2) treatment for bleeding (TX) and/or BL; 3) hospital referral for bleeding and/or TX and/or BL. Secondary outcomes address safety and feasibility of the intervention and include adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and logistical concerns regarding assistance at home births and the storage and handling of oxytocin, respectively. Discussion: Results from this trial will build evidence for the effectiveness of expanding the delivery of this established prophylactic intervention to peripheral settings. Complementary data on safety and logistical issues related to this intervention will assist policymakers in low-income countries in selecting both the best uterotonic and service delivery strategy for postpartum hemorrhage prevention. Results of this trial are expected in mid 2013. C1 [Stanton, Cynthia K.; Mullany, Luke C.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Newton, Samuel; Agyemang, Charlotte Tawiah; Adiibokah, Edward; Owusu-Agyei, Seth] Kintampo Hlth Res Ctr, Kintampo, Ghana. [Cofie, Patience] PATH, Accra, Ghana. [Darcy, Niamh] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Khan, Sadaf; Levisay, Alice] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Gyapong, John] Univ Ghana, Accra, Ghana. [Gyapong, John] Hlth Res Unit, Ghana Hlth Serv, Accra, Ghana. [Armbruster, Deborah] United States Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Armbruster, Deborah] PATH, Washington, DC USA. RP Stanton, CK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. EM cstanton@jhsph.edu FU Oxytocin Initiative Project [51592]; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Kintampo Health Research Centre (KHRC); Research Triangle Institute; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This research was funded by the Oxytocin Initiative Project (Grant Number 51592) and was undertaken by PATH, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Kintampo Health Research Centre (KHRC), and Research Triangle Institute with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of PATH, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, KHRC, Research Triangle Institute, or the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2393 J9 BMC PREGNANCY CHILDB JI BMC Pregnancy Childbirth PD JUN 7 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 42 DI 10.1186/1471-2393-12-42 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 981JM UT WOS:000306963200001 PM 22676921 ER PT J AU Stanton, ME Brandes, N AF Stanton, Mary Ellen Brandes, Neal TI A New Perspective on Maternal III-health and Its Consequences SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH POPULATION AND NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURVIVAL C1 [Stanton, Mary Ellen; Brandes, Neal] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Stanton, ME (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC USA. EM MStanton@usaid.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I C D D R B-CENTRE HEALTH POPULATION RESEARCH PI DHAKA PA MOHAKHALI, 1212 DHAKA, BANGLADESH SN 1606-0997 J9 J HEALTH POPUL NUTR JI J. Heatlh Popul. Nutr. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 30 IS 2 SI SI BP 121 EP 123 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 973XQ UT WOS:000306394200001 PM 22838154 ER PT J AU Clemens, MA Radelet, S Bhavnani, RR Bazzi, S AF Clemens, Michael A. Radelet, Steven Bhavnani, Rikhil R. Bazzi, Samuel TI Counting Chickens when they Hatch: Timing and the Effects of Aid on Growth SO ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LESS-DEVELOPED-COUNTRIES; FOREIGN-AID; PANEL-DATA; DYNAMIC-MODELS; SAVINGS; EMPIRICS; PERFORMANCE; POLICIES; IMPACT AB Recent research yields widely divergent estimates of the cross-country relationship between foreign aid receipts and economic growth. We re-analyse data from the three most influential published aidgrowth studies, strictly conserving their regression specifications, with sensible assumptions about the timing of aid effects and without questionable instruments. All three research designs show that increases in aid have been followed on average by increases in investment and growth. The most plausible explanation is that aid causes some degree of growth in recipient countries, although the magnitude of this relationship is modest, varies greatly across recipients and diminishes at high levels of aid. C1 [Clemens, Michael A.] Ctr Global Dev, Washington, DC 20036 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Clemens, MA (reprint author), Ctr Global Dev, 1800 Massachusetts Ave NW,Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM mclemens@cgdev.org NR 71 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-0133 J9 ECON J JI Econ. J. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 122 IS 561 BP 590 EP 617 DI 10.1111/j.1468-0297.2011.02482.x PG 28 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 951IJ UT WOS:000304713900002 ER PT J AU Lambert, JH Karvetski, CW Spencer, DK Sotirin, BJ Liberi, DM Zaghloul, HH Koogler, JB Hunter, SL Goran, WD Ditmer, RD Linkov, I AF Lambert, James H. Karvetski, Christopher W. Spencer, David K. Sotirin, Barbara J. Liberi, Dawn M. Zaghloul, Hany H. Koogler, John B. Hunter, Samuel L. Goran, William D. Ditmer, Renae D. Linkov, Igor TI Prioritizing Infrastructure Investments in Afghanistan with Multiagency Stakeholders and Deep Uncertainty of Emergent Conditions SO JOURNAL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Decision making; Infrastructure; Risk management; Uncertainty principles; Sustainable development; Afghanistan; Investments ID DECISION-ANALYSIS; DELIBERATIVE METHOD; RISK; RANKING; SYSTEMS; FRAMEWORK; MANAGEMENT; PROJECTS AB The Afghanistan National Development Strategy identified billions of dollars of needs for transportation, water, energy, telecommunications, and other necessary infrastructure development for the rebuilding of Afghanistan. With economic sustainability as a primary aim, the coordination and prioritization of investments has been a challenge in part because of Afghanistan's volatile security situation along with the intricacies of the negotiating and coordinating efforts of numerous stakeholders. An understanding of the contributions of infrastructure systems and associated projects to the national development strategy is needed. This paper formulates a scenario-informed multicriteria approach to prioritize major project investments for infrastructure development subject to deep, nonprobabilistic uncertainties. The methods are inclusive of stakeholder values and accounts for deep uncertainties in governance, security, economy, environment, workforce, and other topics. The methods are applied in Afghanistan's Nangarhar province to assist in the selection among twenty-seven candidate infrastructure projects that are vulnerable to potential refugee immigration among other emergent conditions. The paper describes the relationships of selected projects to strategic goals while facilitating collaboration among government and nongovernment investors, donors, technologists, and other stakeholders. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000078. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Linkov, Igor] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Concord, MA 01742 USA. [Lambert, James H.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Karvetski, Christopher W.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Spencer, David K.] USA, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. [Sotirin, Barbara J.] US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. [Liberi, Dawn M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Zaghloul, Hany H.; Hunter, Samuel L.; Goran, William D.] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. [Koogler, John B.] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Ditmer, Renae D.] STRATCON LLC, Woodbridge, VA USA. RP Linkov, I (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 696 Virginia Rd, Concord, MA 01742 USA. EM lambert@virginia.edu; Igor.Linkov@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Business Transformation Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense FX The effort described in this paper has been supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and by the Business Transformation Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense. The authors are grateful for the comments of the participants of a workshop on the Afghanistan Sustainable Infrastructure Plan that was convened early in the effort at the University Club, Washington, D.C. Permission was granted by the US Army Chief of Engineers to publish this information. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the individual authors and not those of the US Department of State, US Army or other sponsor agencies. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 13 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1076-0342 EI 1943-555X J9 J INFRASTRUCT SYST JI J. Infrastruct. Syst. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 18 IS 2 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000078 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 952WP UT WOS:000304825900011 ER PT J AU Conde-Agudelo, A Rosas-Bermudez, A Castano, F Norton, MH AF Conde-Agudelo, Agustin Rosas-Bermudez, Anyeli Castano, Fabio Norton, Maureen H. TI Effects of Birth Spacing on Maternal, Perinatal, Infant, and Child Health: A Systematic Review of Causal Mechanisms SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Review ID SHORT INTERPREGNANCY INTERVALS; FOLATE STATUS; SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY; CESAREAN DELIVERY; UTERINE RUPTURE; CONSECUTIVE PREGNANCIES; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; ERYTHROCYTE FOLATE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; POSTPARTUM PERIOD AB This systematic review of 58 observational studies identified hypothetical causal mechanisms explaining the effects of short and long intervals between pregnancies on maternal, perinatal, infant, and child health, and critically examined the scientific evidence for each causal mechanism hypothesized. The following hypothetical causal mechanisms for explaining the association between short intervals and adverse outcomes were identified: maternal nutritional depletion, folate depletion, cervical insufficiency, vertical transmission of infections, suboptimal lactation related to breastfeedingpregnancy overlap, sibling competition, transmission of infectious diseases among siblings, incomplete healing of uterine scar from previous cesarean delivery, and abnormal remodeling of endometrial blood vessels. Women's physiological regression is the only hypothetical causal mechanism that has been proposed to explain the association between long intervals and adverse outcomes. We found growing evidence supporting most of these hypotheses. C1 [Conde-Agudelo, Agustin; Rosas-Bermudez, Anyeli] Univ Valle, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Human Reprod, Cali, Colombia. [Castano, Fabio] Reprod Hlth & Qual Improvement Management Sci Hlt, Arlington, VA USA. [Castano, Fabio] Management Sci Hlth, Extending Serv Delivery Project, Washington, DC USA. [Norton, Maureen H.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Conde-Agudelo, A (reprint author), Univ Valle, World Hlth Org Collaborating Ctr Human Reprod, Cali, Colombia. EM condeagu@hotmail.com NR 112 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0039-3665 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD JUN PY 2012 VL 43 IS 2 BP 93 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2012.00308.x PG 22 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 952UD UT WOS:000304817400002 PM 23175949 ER PT J AU Roberts, SR AF Roberts, Sean R. TI Doing the Democracy Dance in Kazakhstan: Democracy Development as Cultural Encounter SO SLAVIC REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Roberts, Sean R.] George Washington Univ, Elliott Sch Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Roberts, Sean R.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Roberts, SR (reprint author), Int Dev Studies Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ILLINOIS, URBANA-CHAMPAIGN PI URBANA PA 1207 W OREGON ST, URBANA, IL 61801-3716 USA SN 0037-6779 J9 SLAVIC REV JI Slavic Rev. PD SUM PY 2012 VL 71 IS 2 BP 308 EP 330 PG 23 WC Area Studies; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Area Studies; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 159TJ UT WOS:000320069900005 ER PT J AU Graham, SM Ahmed, T Amanullah, F Browning, R Cardenas, V Casenghi, M Cuevas, LE Gale, M Gie, RP Grzemska, M Handelsman, E Hatherill, M Hesseling, AC Jean-Philippe, P Kampmann, B Kabra, SK Lienhardt, C Lighter-Fisher, J Madhi, S Makhene, M Marais, BJ McNeeley, DF Menzies, H Mitchell, C Modi, S Mofenson, L Musoke, P Nachman, S Powell, C Rigaud, M Rouzier, V Starke, JR Swaminathan, S Wingfield, C AF Graham, Stephen M. Ahmed, Tahmeed Amanullah, Farhana Browning, Renee Cardenas, Vicky Casenghi, Martina Cuevas, Luis E. Gale, Marianne Gie, Robert P. Grzemska, Malgosia Handelsman, Ed Hatherill, Mark Hesseling, Anneke C. Jean-Philippe, Patrick Kampmann, Beate Kabra, Sushil Kumar Lienhardt, Christian Lighter-Fisher, Jennifer Madhi, Shabir Makhene, Mamodikoe Marais, Ben J. McNeeley, David F. Menzies, Heather Mitchell, Charles Modi, Surbhi Mofenson, Lynne Musoke, Philippa Nachman, Sharon Powell, Clydette Rigaud, Mona Rouzier, Vanessa Starke, Jeffrey R. Swaminathan, Soumya Wingfield, Claire TI Evaluation of Tuberculosis Diagnostics in Children: 1. Proposed Clinical Case Definitions for Classification of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis Disease. Consensus From an Expert Panel SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED ADULTS; XPERT MTB/RIF TEST; CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; PEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS; RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; ACCURACY AB There is a critical need for improved diagnosis of tuberculosis in children, particularly in young children with intrathoracic disease as this represents the most common type of tuberculosis in children and the greatest diagnostic challenge. There is also a need for standardized clinical case definitions for the evaluation of diagnostics in prospective clinical research studies that include children in whom tuberculosis is suspected but not confirmed by culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A panel representing a wide range of expertise and child tuberculosis research experience aimed to develop standardized clinical research case definitions for intrathoracic tuberculosis in children to enable harmonized evaluation of new tuberculosis diagnostic technologies in pediatric populations. Draft definitions and statements were proposed and circulated widely for feedback. An expert panel then considered each of the proposed definitions and statements relating to clinical definitions. Formal group consensus rules were established and consensus was reached for each statement. The definitions presented in this article are intended for use in clinical research to evaluate diagnostic assays and not for individual patient diagnosis or treatment decisions. A complementary article addresses methodological issues to consider for research of diagnostics in children with suspected tuberculosis. C1 [Graham, Stephen M.] Univ Melbourne, Royal Childrens Hosp, Ctr Int Child Hlth, Dept Paediat & Murdoch Childrens,Res Inst, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Graham, Stephen M.] Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. [Ahmed, Tahmeed] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Amanullah, Farhana] Indus Hosp, Karachi, Pakistan. [Browning, Renee; Jean-Philippe, Patrick] NIAID, Henry Jackson Fdn, Maternal Adolescent Pediat Res Branch, Div Aids,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Cardenas, Vicky] Aeras, Rockville, MD USA. [Casenghi, Martina] Med Sans Frontieres, Geneva, Switzerland. [Cuevas, Luis E.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Gale, Marianne] Med Sans Frontieres, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Gie, Robert P.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa. [Grzemska, Malgosia; Lienhardt, Christian] WHO, Stop TB Partnership, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Handelsman, Ed] NIAID, Maternal Adolescent Pediat Res Branch, Div Aids, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hatherill, Mark] Univ Cape Town, Sch Child & Adolescent Hlth, S African TB Vaccine Initiat, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Hesseling, Anneke C.] Univ Stellenbosch, Desmond Tutu TB Ctr, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa. [Kampmann, Beate] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Paediat, London, England. [Kampmann, Beate] MRC Labs, Banjul, Gambia. [Kabra, Sushil Kumar] All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India. [Lighter-Fisher, Jennifer; Rigaud, Mona] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Madhi, Shabir] Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Makhene, Mamodikoe] NIAID, Div Microbiol & Infect Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Marais, Ben J.] Univ Sydney, Childrens Hosp Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [McNeeley, David F.] Med Serv Corp Int, Arlington, VA USA. [Menzies, Heather] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mitchell, Charles] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Modi, Surbhi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Hlth Branch, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Mofenson, Lynne] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Musoke, Philippa] Makerere Univ Johns Hopkins Univ Res Collaborat, Kampala, Uganda. [Nachman, Sharon] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Powell, Clydette] US Agcy Int Dev, Div Infect Dis, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Rouzier, Vanessa] GHESKIO Ctr, Port Au Prince, Haiti. [Starke, Jeffrey R.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Swaminathan, Soumya] Natl Inst Res TB, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. [Wingfield, Claire] Treatment Act Grp, New York, NY USA. RP Graham, SM (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Royal Childrens Hosp, Ctr Int Child Hlth, Dept Paediat, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM steve.graham@rch.org.au; jeanphilippep@niaid.nih.gov OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808; Lighter, Jennifer/0000-0002-9313-2103; Cuevas, Luis E./0000-0002-6581-0587; Kampmann, Beate/0000-0002-6546-4709 FU NIAID/NIH; Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD; CDC; OGAC; NIAID/NIH, US DHHS [HHSN272200800014C] FX This work was supported by NIAID/NIH, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, CDC, and OGAC. This project has also been supported in part with federal funds from the NIAID/NIH, US DHHS, under contract no. HHSN272200800014C. NR 32 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 205 SU 2 BP S199 EP S208 DI 10.1093/infdis/jis008 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 932ZT UT WOS:000303329700007 PM 22448023 ER PT J AU Schito, M Peter, TF Cavanaugh, S Piatek, AS Young, GJ Alexander, H Coggin, W Domingo, GJ Ellenberger, D Ermantraut, E Jani, IV Katamba, A Palamountain, KM Essajee, S Dowdy, DW AF Schito, Marco Peter, Trevor F. Cavanaugh, Sean Piatek, Amy S. Young, Gloria J. Alexander, Heather Coggin, William Domingo, Gonzalo J. Ellenberger, Dennis Ermantraut, Eugen Jani, Ilesh V. Katamba, Achilles Palamountain, Kara M. Essajee, Shaffiq Dowdy, David W. TI Opportunities and Challenges for Cost-Efficient Implementation of New Point-of-Care Diagnostics for HIV and Tuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTED ADULTS; SCALING-UP; HEALTH; TESTS; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; TECHNOLOGIES; METAANALYSIS AB Stakeholders agree that supporting high-quality diagnostics is essential if we are to continue to make strides in the fight against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis. Despite the need to strengthen existing laboratory infrastructure, which includes expanding and developing new laboratories, there are clear diagnostic needs where conventional laboratory support is insufficient. Regarding HIV, rapid point-of-care (POC) testing for initial HIV diagnosis has been successful, but several needs remain. For tuberculosis, several new diagnostic tests have recently been endorsed by the World Health Organization, but a POC test remains elusive. Human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis are coendemic in many high prevalence locations, making parallel diagnosis of these conditions an important consideration. Despite its clear advantages, POC testing has important limitations, and laboratory-based testing will continue to be an important component of future diagnostic networks. Ideally, a strategic deployment plan should be used to define where and how POC technologies can be most efficiently and cost effectively integrated into diagnostic algorithms and existing test networks prior to widespread scale-up. In this fashion, the global community can best harness the tremendous capacity of novel diagnostics in fighting these 2 scourges. C1 [Schito, Marco] NIAID, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Vaccine Clin Res Branch, Div Aids,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Peter, Trevor F.] Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Boston, MA USA. [Cavanaugh, Sean] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Piatek, Amy S.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Young, Gloria J.] Becton Dickinson Biosci, San Jose, CA USA. [Alexander, Heather; Ellenberger, Dennis] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Coggin, William] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Domingo, Gonzalo J.] PATH, Seattle, WA USA. [Ermantraut, Eugen] Alere Technol GmbH, Jena, Germany. [Jani, Ilesh V.] Inst Nacl Saude, Maputo, Mozambique. [Katamba, Achilles] Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda. [Palamountain, Kara M.] Northwestern Univ, Kellogg Sch Management, Evanston, IL USA. [Essajee, Shaffiq] WHO, HIV Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Dowdy, David W.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Schito, M (reprint author), NIAID, Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Vaccine Clin Res Branch, Div Aids,NIH, 6700-B Rockledge Dr,Rm 5255, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM schitom@niaid.nih.gov FU Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator, US Department of State; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN272200800014C] FX This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator, US Department of State, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (contract HHSN272200800014C). NR 67 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2012 VL 205 SU 2 BP S169 EP S180 DI 10.1093/infdis/jis044 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 932ZT UT WOS:000303329700004 PM 22457286 ER PT J AU Gulmezoglu, AM Lumbiganon, P Landoulsi, S Widmer, M Abdel-Aleem, H Festin, M Carroli, G Qureshi, Z Souza, JP Bergel, E Piaggio, G Goudar, SS Yeh, J Armbruster, D Singata, M Pelaez-Crisologo, C Althabe, F Sekweyama, P Hofmeyr, J Stanton, ME Derman, R Elbourne, D AF Guelmezoglu, A. Metin Lumbiganon, Pisake Landoulsi, Sihem Widmer, Mariana Abdel-Aleem, Hany Festin, Mario Carroli, Guillermo Qureshi, Zahida Souza, Joao Paulo Bergel, Eduardo Piaggio, Gilda Goudar, Shivaprasad S. Yeh, John Armbruster, Deborah Singata, Mandisa Pelaez-Crisologo, Cristina Althabe, Fernando Sekweyama, Peter Hofmeyr, Justus Stanton, Mary-Ellen Derman, Richard Elbourne, Diana TI Active management of the third stage of labour with and without controlled cord traction: a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE; EQUIVALENCE AB Background Active management of the third stage of labour reduces the risk of post-partum haemorrhage. We aimed to assess whether controlled cord traction can be omitted from active management of this stage without increasing the risk of severe haemorrhage. Methods We did a multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial in 16 hospitals and two primary healthcare centres in Argentina, Egypt, India, Kenya, the Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, and Uganda. Women expecting to deliver singleton babies vaginally (ie, not planned caesarean section) were randomly assigned (in a 1: 1 ratio) with a centrally generated allocation sequence, stratified by country, to placental delivery with gravity and maternal effort (simplified package) or controlled cord traction applied immediately after uterine contraction and cord clamping (full package). After randomisation, allocation could not be concealed from investigators, participants, or assessors. Oxytocin 10 IU was administered immediately after birth with cord clamping after 1-3 min. Uterine massage was done after placental delivery according to local policy. The primary (non-inferiority) outcome was blood loss of 1000 mL or more (severe haemorrhage). The non-inferiority margin for the risk ratio was 1.3. Analysis was by modified intention-to-treat, excluding women who had emergency caesarean sections. This trial is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN 12608000434392. Findings Between June 1, 2009, and Oct 30, 2010, 12 227 women were randomly assigned to the simplified package group and 12 163 to the full package group. After exclusion of women who had emergency caesarean sections, 11 861 were in the simplified package group and 11 820 were in the full package group. The primary outcome of blood loss of 1000 mL or more had a risk ratio of 1.09 (95% CI 0.91-1.31) and the upper 95% CI limit crossed the pre-stated non-inferiority margin. One case of uterine inversion occurred in the full package group. Other adverse events were haemorrhage-related. Interpretation Although the hypothesis of non-inferiority was not met, omission of controlled cord traction has very little effect on the risk of severe haemorrhage. Scaling up of haemorrhage prevention programmes for non-hospital settings can safely focus on use of oxytocin. C1 [Guelmezoglu, A. Metin] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, UNDP UNFPA WHO World Bank Special Programme Res D, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Lumbiganon, Pisake] Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Khon Kaen, Thailand. [Abdel-Aleem, Hany] Assiut Univ, Fac Med, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Assiut, Egypt. [Festin, Mario; Pelaez-Crisologo, Cristina] Univ Philippines, Philippine Gen Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Manila, Philippines. [Carroli, Guillermo] Ctr Rosarino Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina. [Qureshi, Zahida] Univ Nairobi, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Goudar, Shivaprasad S.] Jawaharlal Nehru Med Coll, Womens & Childrens Hlth Res Unit, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. [Yeh, John] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Armbruster, Deborah; Stanton, Mary-Ellen] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Singata, Mandisa; Hofmeyr, Justus] Univ Witwatersrand, Eastern Cape Dept Hlth, Effect Care Res Unit, E London, South Africa. [Singata, Mandisa; Hofmeyr, Justus] Univ Ft Hare, Eastern Cape Dept Hlth, Effect Care Res Unit, E London, South Africa. [Althabe, Fernando] Inst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Sekweyama, Peter] San Raphael St Francis Hosp, Nsambya, Uganda. [Derman, Richard] Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Ctr Womens & Childrens Hlth Res, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Newark, DE USA. [Elbourne, Diana] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. RP Gulmezoglu, AM (reprint author), WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, UNDP UNFPA WHO World Bank Special Programme Res D, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM gulmezoglum@who.int RI Souza, Joao Paulo/G-1982-2010; OI Souza, Joao Paulo/0000-0002-2288-4244; GOUDAR, SHIVAPRASAD/0000-0002-8680-7053 FU United States Agency for International Development; UN Development Programme/UN Population Fund/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research; UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction of WHO FX United States Agency for International Development and UN Development Programme/UN Population Fund/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research.; We thank the women who took part in the trial and the doctors, nurses, and midwives in the participating hospitals for making the project possible. We also thank Matthews Mathai and Kathy Herschderfer for participating in trial meetings and Neal Brandes and Lily Kak for support throughout the project and comments on the report. We thank Novartis for donating the oxytocin ampoules used in the trial. This trial was supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction of WHO. Some of the authors are staff of the sponsor organisations. The interpretation and conclusions are those of the individual authors and not necessarily those of the sponsors. NR 21 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 5 PY 2012 VL 379 IS 9827 BP 1721 EP 1727 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60206-2 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 937KX UT WOS:000303658500032 PM 22398174 ER PT J AU Gambino, T AF Gambino, Tony TI The Trouble with the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding SO HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gambino, Tony] Amnesty Int, London, England. [Gambino, Tony] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Gambino, T (reprint author), Amnesty Int, London, England. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0275-0392 J9 HUM RIGHTS QUART JI Hum. Rights Q. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 34 IS 2 BP 606 EP 611 PG 6 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 939BJ UT WOS:000303781400012 ER PT J AU Russo, ET Sheth, A Menon, M Wannemuehler, K Weinger, M Kudzala, AC Tauzie, B Masuku, HD Msowoya, TE Quick, R AF Russo, Elizabeth T. Sheth, Anandi Menon, Manoj Wannemuehler, Kathleen Weinger, Merri Kudzala, Amose C. Tauzie, Blessius Masuku, Humphreys D. Msowoya, Tapona E. Quick, Robert TI Water Treatment and Handwashing Behaviors among Non-Pregnant Friends and Relatives of Participants in an Antenatal Hygiene Promotion Program in Malawi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN KENYA; INTERVENTIONS; DIFFUSION; COUNTRIES; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN AB Access to safe drinking water and improved hygiene are essential for preventing diarrhea! diseases. To integrate hygiene improvement with antenatal care, free hygiene kits (water storage containers, water treatment solution, soap) and educational messages were distributed to pregnant women at antenatal clinics in Malawi. We assessed water treatment and hygiene practices of 275 non-pregnant friends and relatives of the hygiene kit recipients at baseline and follow-up nine months later to measure program impact on non-participants in the same communities. At follow-up, friends and relatives who did not receive kits or education were more likely than at baseline to purchase and use water treatment solution (25% versus 1%; P < 0.0001) and demonstrate correct handwashing practices (60% versus 18%; P < 0.0001). This antenatal clinic based program resulted in improved water treatment and hygiene behaviors among non-pregnant friends and relatives living in the same communities as hygiene kit recipients, suggesting that program benefits extended beyond direct beneficiaries. C1 [Quick, Robert] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Waterborne Dis Prevent Branch, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Russo, Elizabeth T.; Sheth, Anandi; Menon, Manoj] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Weinger, Merri] US Agcy Int Dev, Arlington, VA USA. [Kudzala, Amose C.; Tauzie, Blessius; Msowoya, Tapona E.] United Nations Childrens Fund, New York, NY USA. [Masuku, Humphreys D.] Govt Malawi Minist Hlth, Blantyre, Malawi. RP Quick, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Waterborne Dis Prevent Branch, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM elizabeth.russo@gmail.com; asheth@cdc.gov; mmenon@gmail.com; kpw9@cdc.gov; mweinger@usaid.gov; akudzala@unicef.org; btauzie@unicef.org; dzanjom@yahoo.co.uk; tmsowoya@unicef.org; rquick@cdc.gov FU United States Agency for International Development FX This study was supported by the United States Agency for International Development. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2012 VL 86 IS 5 BP 860 EP 865 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0259 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 935WY UT WOS:000303554100023 PM 22556088 ER PT J AU Huang, KTL Owino, C Vreeman, RC Hagembe, M Njuguna, F Strother, RM Gramelspacher, GP AF Huang, Kristin T. L. Owino, Claudio Vreeman, Rachel C. Hagembe, Mildred Njuguna, Festus Strother, R. Matthew Gramelspacher, Gregory P. TI Assessment of the face validity of two pain scales in Kenya: a validation study using cognitive interviewing SO BMC PALLIATIVE CARE LA English DT Article ID VERBAL RATING-SCALE; PALLIATIVE CARE; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; INTENSITY; ADULTS; CHILDREN; AFRICA; CANCER; RELIABILITY; PREVALENCE AB Background: Patients in sub-Saharan Africa commonly experience pain, which often is un-assessed and undertreated. One hindrance to routine pain assessment in these settings is the lack of a single-item pain rating scale validated for the particular context. The goal of this study was to examine the face validity and cultural acceptability of two single-item pain scales, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R), in a population of patients on the medical, surgical, and pediatric wards of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya. Methods: Swahili versions of the NRS and FPS-R were developed by standard translation and back-translation. Cognitive interviews were performed with 15 patients at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya. Interview transcripts were analyzed on a question-by-question basis to identify major themes revealed through the cognitive interviewing process and to uncover any significant problems participants encountered with understanding and using the pain scales. Results: Cognitive interview analysis demonstrated that participants had good comprehension of both the NRS and the FPS-R and showed rational decision-making processes in choosing their responses. Participants felt that both scales were easy to use. The FPS-R was preferred almost unanimously to the NRS. Conclusions: The face validity and acceptability of the Swahili versions of the NRS and FPS-R has been demonstrated for use in Kenyan patients. The broader application of these scales should be evaluated and may benefit patients who currently suffer from pain. C1 [Huang, Kristin T. L.; Owino, Claudio; Vreeman, Rachel C.; Hagembe, Mildred; Njuguna, Festus; Strother, R. Matthew; Gramelspacher, Gregory P.] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Huang, Kristin T. L.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Owino, Claudio] Moi Univ Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Vreeman, Rachel C.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Owino, Claudio; Hagembe, Mildred; Njuguna, Festus] Moi Teaching & Referral Hosp, Eldoret, Kenya. [Strother, R. Matthew; Gramelspacher, Gregory P.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Gramelspacher, GP (reprint author), USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, POB 4806, Eldoret, Kenya. EM ggramels@iupui.edu OI Strother, Robert Matthew/0000-0001-8118-8954 FU Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Medicine FX We would like to acknowledge Daisy Rotich, Phyllis Bartilol, Ruth Sego, and Anna Mbweka for their help in conducting the cognitive interviews. This study was funded by the Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Medicine. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-684X J9 BMC PALLIAT CARE JI BMC Palliat. Care PD APR 18 PY 2012 VL 11 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1472-684X-11-5 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 075QJ UT WOS:000313901300001 PM 22512923 ER PT J AU Woodsong, C Alleman, P Musara, P Chandipwisa, A Chirenje, M Martinson, F Hoffman, I AF Woodsong, Cynthia Alleman, Patty Musara, Petina Chandipwisa, Adlight Chirenje, Mike Martinson, Francis Hoffman, Irving TI Preventive Misconception as a Motivation for Participation and Adherence in Microbicide Trials: Evidence from Female Participants and Male Partners in Malawi and Zimbabwe SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Preventive misconception; Microbicide; HIV trials ID HIV AB This paper presents empirical data on motivation to join an HIV prevention trial of vaginal microbicide gels in Malawi and Zimbabwe, and participant assumption of a preventive misconception. Interviews were conducted with women participating in the trial and their male partners. Most of the female participants were able to adequately describe basic aspects of the trial design. HIV counseling and testing were primary reasons motivating women's participation, and male partners' support of the trial. 29% of women and 20% of men also provided indications of a preventive misconception, attributing gel use and trial participation to avoiding HIV infection. C1 [Woodsong, Cynthia] Int Partnership Microbicides, ZA-7646 Paarl, South Africa. [Alleman, Patty] USAID, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Musara, Petina; Chandipwisa, Adlight; Chirenje, Mike] UZ UCSF Collaborat Res Programme, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Martinson, Francis] Univ N Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Hoffman, Irving] Univ N Carolina, UNC Hosp, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Woodsong, C (reprint author), Int Partnership Microbicides, Main St 121, ZA-7646 Paarl, South Africa. EM cwoodsong@ipmglobal.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI046749, U01 AI068633, U01AI046749, U01AI068633]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD048330, R01HD048330] NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD APR PY 2012 VL 16 IS 3 BP 785 EP 790 DI 10.1007/s10461-011-0027-7 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 935GS UT WOS:000303507700033 PM 21863339 ER PT J AU Mabeya, H Khozaim, K Liu, T Orango, O Chumba, D Pisharodi, L Carter, J Cu-Uvin, S AF Mabeya, Hillary Khozaim, Kareem Liu, Tao Orango, Omenge Chumba, David Pisharodi, Latha Carter, Jane Cu-Uvin, Susan TI Comparison of Conventional Cervical Cytology Versus Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women in Western Kenya SO JOURNAL OF LOWER GENITAL TRACT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE visual inspection with acetic acid; Pap smear; Kenya; human immunodeficiency virus ID SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; HIV-POSITIVE WOMEN; CANCER; RISK; INDIA AB Objective. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) versus conventional Pap smear as a screening tool for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia/cancer among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. Materials and Methods. A total of 150 HIV-infected women attending the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital HIV clinic in Eldoret underwent conventional Pap smear, VIA, colposcopy, and biopsy. Both VIA and Pap smears were done by nurses, whereas colposcopy and biopsy were done by a physician. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to compare the accuracies between VIA and Pap smear in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results. Among the study part icipants: VIA was abnormal in 55.3% (83/150, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 47.0%-63.5%); Pap smear showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse in 43.7% (59/135, 95% CI = 35.2%-52.5%) and 10%(15/150) of the Pap smears were unsatisfactory. Of the abnormal Pap smears, 3% (2/59) had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 7% (4/59) had high-grade atypical squamous cells, 60% (35/59) had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 29% (17/59) had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 2% (1/59) was suspicious for cervical cancer. Using cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or higher disease on biopsy as an end point, VIA has a sensitivity of 69.6% (95% CI = 55.1%-81.0%), specificity of 51.0% (95% CI = 41.5%-60.4%), PPV of 38.6% (95% CI = 28.8%-49.3%), and NPV of 79.1% (95% CI = 67.8%-87.2%). For conventional Pap smear, sensitivity was 52.5% (95% CI = 42.1%-71.5%), specificity was 66.3% (95% CI = 52.0%-71.2%), PPV was 39.7% (95% CI = 27.6%-51.8%), and NPV was 76.8% (95% CI = 67.0%-85.6%). Conclusions. Visual inspection with acetic acid is comparable to Pap smear and acceptable for screening HIV-infected women in resource-limited settings such as Western Kenya. C1 [Mabeya, Hillary; Orango, Omenge; Chumba, David] US Agcy Int Dev Acad Model Providing Access Healt, Washington, DC USA. [Mabeya, Hillary; Orango, Omenge; Chumba, David] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Khozaim, Kareem; Liu, Tao; Pisharodi, Latha] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Carter, Jane; Cu-Uvin, Susan] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Khozaim, K (reprint author), 402 N New Jersey St,Apt G, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. EM kkhozaim@iupui.edu RI Liu, Tao/C-6159-2013; Ghartouchent, malek/B-9088-2012 OI Liu, Tao/0000-0002-5274-4445; FU Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health [D43TW000237]; Brown/Tufts CFAR [P30AI042853]; AIDS International Training and Research Program; Forgarty AIDS International: Cervical Cancer Screening for HIV-Seropositive Women, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya [710-9627]; [K24AI066884] FX This project was supported by the Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health (D43TW000237), Brown/Tufts CFAR (P30AI042853), and K24AI066884 (S.C.U.).; This research was supported by AIDS International Training and Research Program. Forgarty AIDS International: Cervical Cancer Screening for HIV-Seropositive Women, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya (710-9627 cervical cancer screening grant). NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1089-2591 J9 J LOW GENIT TRACT DI JI J. Low. Genit. Tract. Dis. PD APR PY 2012 VL 16 IS 2 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182320f0c PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 899YS UT WOS:000300853200004 PM 22126834 ER PT J AU Larson, E O'Bra, H Brown, JW Mbengashe, T Klausner, JD AF Larson, Elysia O'Bra, Heidi Brown, J. W. Mbengashe, Thobile Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI Supporting the massive scale-up of antiretroviral therapy: the evolution of PEPFAR-supported treatment facilities in South Africa, 2005-2009 SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE South Africa; HIV/AIDS; Health Systems; PEPFAR AB Background: South Africa has an estimated 1.5 million persons in need of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 2004, the South African government began collaborating with the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) to increase access to ART. We determined how PEPFAR treatment support changed from 2005-2009. Methods: In order to describe the change in number and type of PEPFAR-supported ART facilities, we analyzed routinely collected program-monitoring data from 2005-2009. The collected data included the number, type and province of facilities as well as the number of patients receiving ART at each facility. Results: The number of PEPFAR-supported facilities providing ART increased from 184 facilities in 2005 to 1,469 facilities in 2009. From 2005-2009 the number of PEPFAR-supported government facilities increased 10.1 fold from 54 to 546 while the number of PEPFAR-supported NGO facilities (including general practitioner and NGO facilities) increased 6.2 fold from 114 to 708. In 2009 the total number of persons treated at PEPFAR-supported NGO facilities was 43,577 versus 501,089 persons at PEPFAR-supported government facilities. Overall, the median number of patients receiving ART per site increased from 81 in 2005 to 136 in 2009. Conclusions: To mitigate the gap between those needing and those receiving ART, more facilities were supported. The proportion of government facilities supported and the median number of persons treated at these facilities increased. This shift could potentially be sustainable as government sites reach more individuals and receive government funding. These results demonstrate that PEPFAR was able to support a massive scale-up of ART services in a short period of time. C1 [Larson, Elysia; Klausner, Jeffrey D.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Sch Publ Hlth, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Brown, J. W.] USAID, ZA-0181 Pretoria, South Africa. [Mbengashe, Thobile] Natl Dept Hlth, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Larson, E (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Sch Publ Hlth, POB 9536, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. EM elysia.larson@gmail.com FU U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) FX Support for this work was provided in part by the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD MAR 9 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 173 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-12-173 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 922RU UT WOS:000302566500001 PM 22404862 ER PT J AU Jerene, D Fentie, G Teka, M Girma, S Chibsa, S Teka, H Reithinger, R AF Jerene, Degu Fentie, Gashu Teka, Mulu Girma, Shoa Chibsa, Sheleme Teka, Hiwot Reithinger, Richard TI The role of private health facilities in the provision of malaria case management and prevention services in four zones of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia SO INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Ethiopia; Case management; Private sector AB Little is known about the contribution of the private health sector in managing malaria cases and contributing to malaria prevention and control efforts in Ethiopia. We assessed 102 private health facilities and 92 drug outlets in 20 districts of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, for their provision of malaria-specific services. Of the assessed health facilities 86% provided such services. Diagnosis was largely clinical, with only 31% and 15% of all health facilities seen using rapid diagnostic tests and microscopy, respectively. Facilities had chloroquine, artemether-lumefantrine, quinine and sulfadoxine-pyremethamine. Gaps were seen in provision of guidelines and other malaria-related materials, training of facility staff and supervision. Inclusion of the private health sector in malaria control program is crucial to expand current malaria prevention and control efforts in Ethiopia. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. C1 [Teka, Hiwot] US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth AIDS Populat & Nutr Off, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Jerene, Degu; Teka, Mulu] ABCON Plc Consulting House, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Fentie, Gashu; Girma, Shoa] Family Hlth Int, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Teka, H (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth AIDS Populat & Nutr Off, POB 1014, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM hteka@usaid.gov FU U.S. Agency for International Development C-Change Cooperative Agreement [663-A-00-08-00432-00]; U.S. President's Malaria Initiative FX This work was carried out under the U.S. Agency for International Development C-Change Cooperative Agreement to the Academy for Educational Development (Agreement 663-A-00-08-00432-00) funded by the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1876-3413 J9 INT HEALTH JI Int. Health PD MAR PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 70 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.inhe.2011.11.001 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 021NM UT WOS:000309891600010 PM 24030883 ER PT J AU Hanson, C Weaver, A Zoerhoff, KL Kabore, A Linehan, M Doherty, A Engels, D Savioli, L Ottesen, EA AF Hanson, Christy Weaver, Angela Zoerhoff, Kathryn L. Kabore, Achille Linehan, Mary Doherty, Amy Engels, Dirk Savioli, Lorenzo Ottesen, Eric A. TI Integrated Implementation of Programs Targeting Neglected Tropical Diseases through Preventive Chemotherapy: Identifying Best Practices to Roll Out Programs at National Scale SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-LEONE; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; STRATEGIES; AFRICA AB In 2006 the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) established the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) Control Program to support national governments in developing successful, cost-efficient NTD programs that integrate disease-specific programs into coordinated national initiatives, in accord with the World Health Organization recommendations. A 3-stage "roll-out package" has been developed for effectively integrating and scaling up such programs to full-national scale. Stage-1 lays the groundwork-identifying NTD leadership within the Ministry of Health, conducting a national Situation Analysis, formulating a multiyear Plan of Action, and undertaking a funding gap analysis. Stage-2 focuses on scaling up the integrated NTD program-convening national stakeholder meetings, developing annual work plans, carrying out disease mapping, and establishing monitoring and evaluation activities. Stage-3 aims at ensuring effective management-identifying clear roles and responsibilities for partners, and creating a central coordinating mechanism. Assessment and reassessment of these complex NTD programs that target literally billions of people are essential to establish "best practice" strategies for long-term public health success. C1 [Zoerhoff, Kathryn L.; Kabore, Achille; Linehan, Mary; Doherty, Amy; Ottesen, Eric A.] RTI Int, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Engels, Dirk; Savioli, Lorenzo] World Hlth Org, Dept Control Neglected Trop Dis, Geneva, Switzerland. [Hanson, Christy; Weaver, Angela] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Ottesen, EA (reprint author), RTI Int, 701 13th St NW,Suite 750, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM chanson@usaid.gov; aweaver@usaid.gov; kzoerhoff@rti.org; akabore@rti.org; mlinehan@usaid.gov; adoherty@rti.org; engelsd@who.int; saviolil@who.int; eottesen@rti.org FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) FX This study was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 86 IS 3 BP 508 EP 513 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0589 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 904AM UT WOS:000301166000025 PM 22403327 ER PT J AU Culman, SW Snapp, SS Freeman, MA Schipanski, ME Beniston, J Lal, R Drinkwater, LE Franzluebbers, AJ Glover, JD Grandy, AS Lee, J Six, J Maul, JE Mirksy, SB Spargo, JT Wander, MM AF Culman, Steven W. Snapp, Sieglinde S. Freeman, Mark A. Schipanski, Meagan E. Beniston, Josh Lal, Rattan Drinkwater, Laurie E. Franzluebbers, Alan J. Glover, Jerry D. Grandy, A. Stuart Lee, Juhwan Six, Johan Maul, Jude E. Mirksy, Steven B. Spargo, John T. Wander, Michelle M. TI Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon Reflects a Processed Soil Fraction that is Sensitive to Management SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; CONVENTIONAL FARMING SYSTEMS; SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; STABILIZATION MECHANISMS; PHYSICAL FRACTIONATION; EXTRACTION METHOD; PARTICULATE; TILLAGE; INDEX AB Permanganate oxidizable C (POXC; i.e., active C) is a relatively new method that can quantify labile soil C rapidly and inexpensively. Despite limited reports of positive correlations with particulate organic C (POC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and other soil C fractions, little is known about what soil fractions POXC most closely reflects. We measured POXC across a wide range of soil types, ecosystems, and geographic areas (12 studies, 53 total sites, n = 1379) to: (i) determine the relationship between POXC and POC, MBC and soil organic C (SOC) fractions, and (ii) determine the relative sensitivity of POXC as a labile soil C metric across a range of environmental and management conditions. Permanganate oxidizable C was significantly related to POC, MBC, and SOC, and these relationships were strongest when data were analyzed by individual studies. Permanganate oxidizable C was more closely related to smaller-sized (53-250 mu m) than larger POC fractions (250-2000 mu m), and more closely related to heavier (> 1.7 g cm(-3)) than lighter POC fractions, indicating that it reflects a relatively processed pool of labile soil C. Compared with POC, MBC, or SOC, POXC demonstrated greater sensitivity to changes in management or environmental variation in 42% of the significant experimental factors examined across the 12 studies. Our analysis demonstrates the usefulness of POXC in quickly and inexpensively assessing changes in the labile soil C pool. C1 [Culman, Steven W.; Snapp, Sieglinde S.; Freeman, Mark A.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Culman, Steven W.; Snapp, Sieglinde S.; Freeman, Mark A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Schipanski, Meagan E.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Beniston, Josh; Lal, Rattan] Ohio State Univ, Carbon Management & Sequestrat Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Drinkwater, Laurie E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Franzluebbers, Alan J.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Glover, Jerry D.] USAID Bur Food Secur, Off Agr Res & Transformat, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Grandy, A. Stuart] Univ New Hampshire, Dep Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lee, Juhwan; Six, Johan] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Maul, Jude E.; Mirksy, Steven B.; Spargo, John T.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wander, Michelle M.] Univ Illinois, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Culman, SW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, 3700 E Gull Lake Dr, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. EM steve.culman@gmail.com RI Snapp, Sieglinde/D-5109-2013; OI Schipanski, Meagan/0000-0002-1661-9858; , Juhwan/0000-0002-7967-2955; Culman, Steve/0000-0003-3985-257X FU Ceres Trust Organic Research Initiative; NSF at Kellogg Biological Station FX The authors acknowledge Briana Shuford for her assistance in the laboratory. Support for this research was provided by the Ceres Trust Organic Research Initiative Grant and the NSF Long-Term Ecological Research Program at the Kellogg Biological Station. NR 52 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 12 U2 104 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR PY 2012 VL 76 IS 2 BP 494 EP 504 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0286 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 897IV UT WOS:000300644400018 ER PT J AU Mitchell, RE AF Mitchell, Robert E. TI What the Social Sciences Can Tell Policy-Makers in Yemen SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Instead of duplicating the media coverage of recent serious challenges to Yemen's national leadership in different parts of the country, this article draws on the best social science studies to help explain some of the forces behind Yemen's chronic instability, as well as to suggest what policies, programs, and management approaches might be most successful in moving the country and its growing population toward a more promising future. A state-of-knowledge review of the dated and geographically-limited literature conducted primarily by foreign social scientists covers national trends, the spatial distribution of Yemeni socioeconomic and political life (including tribes), non-tribal governance, and Yemen's social research infrastructure. The relevance of this research to two current American assistance programs in Yemen is also suggested. C1 [Mitchell, Robert E.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Mitchell, Robert E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mitchell, Robert E.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Mitchell, Robert E.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Mitchell, Robert E.] USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Mitchell, RE (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MIDDLE EAST INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N ST NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SPR PY 2012 VL 66 IS 2 BP 291 EP 312 DI 10.3751/66.2.15 PG 22 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA V31XL UT WOS:000208916200006 ER PT J AU Gaos, AR Lewison, RL Yanez, IL Wallace, BP Liles, MJ Nichols, WJ Baquero, A Hasbun, CR Vasquez, M Urteaga, J Seminoff, JA AF Gaos, Alexander R. Lewison, Rebecca L. Yanez, Ingrid L. Wallace, Bryan P. Liles, Michael J. Nichols, Wallace J. Baquero, Andres Hasbun, Carlos R. Vasquez, Mauricio Urteaga, Jose Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Shifting the life-history paradigm: discovery of novel habitat use by hawksbill turtles SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Hawksbill; habitat use; mangroves; estuary; eastern Pacific; life history ID SEA-TURTLES; ERETMOCHELYS-IMBRICATA; POPULATION; MIGRATION AB Adult hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) are typically described as open-coast, coral reef and hard substrate dwellers. Here, we report new satellite tracking data on female hawksbills from several countries in the eastern Pacific that revealed previously undocumented behaviour for adults of the species. In contrast to patterns of habitat use exhibited by their Caribbean and Indo-Pacific counterparts, eastern Pacific hawksbills generally occupied inshore estuaries, wherein they had strong associations with mangrove saltwater forests. The use of inshore habitats and affinities with mangrove saltwater forests presents a previously unknown life-history paradigm for adult hawksbill turtles and suggests a potentially unique evolutionary trajectory for the species. Our findings highlight the variability in life-history strategies that marine turtles and other wide-ranging marine wildlife may exhibit among ocean regions, and the importance of understanding such disparities from an ecological and management perspective. C1 [Gaos, Alexander R.; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.; Yanez, Ingrid L.; Liles, Michael J.] Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, San Diego, CA USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, VA USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Liles, Michael J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Nichols, Wallace J.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Baquero, Andres] Fdn Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador. [Baquero, Andres] Univ San Francisco Quito, Galapagos Inst Arts & Sci, Quito, Ecuador. [Hasbun, Carlos R.] US Agcy Int Dev, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Vasquez, Mauricio] Univ El Salvador, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Dept Limnol & Ocean Sci, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Urteaga, Jose] Flora & Fauna Int, Managua, Nicaragua. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Gaos, AR (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM info@hawksbill.org FU Southwest Fisheries Science Centre of the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Machalilla National Park; Paso Pacifico; Asociacion para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Ambiental de Puerto Parada; Fundacion para la Proteccion del Arrecife de Los Cobanos; Cooperativa de Pescadores El Maculis; Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador; Cooperativa Multisectorial de Jiquilillo; Los Zorros y Padre Ramos; Ocean Foundation FX We thank Southwest Fisheries Science Centre of the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Machalilla National Park, Paso Pacifico, Asociacion para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Ambiental de Puerto Parada, Fundacion para la Proteccion del Arrecife de Los Cobanos, Cooperativa de Pescadores El Maculis, Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador, Cooperativa Multisectorial de Jiquilillo, Los Zorros y Padre Ramos and The Ocean Foundation for financial/logisitical support. We recognize the following individuals: Rene Flores, Cristabel Flores, Georgina Mariona, Wilfredo Lopez, Tarla Peterson, Sarah Otterstrom, Liza Gonzalez, Salvador Sanchez, Perla Torres, Eduardo Altamirano Urbina, Eddy Maradiaga, Luis Manzanares, Micaela Pena, Juan Pablo Munoz, Gabriela Anhalzer, Felipe Vallejo, Michelle Pico, Earl Possardt, Grover Jeane, Michael Carey, Philippe Gaspar, Remy Lopez, Michael Coyne and Harry Johnson. We acknowledge insightful reviewer comments by Graeme Hayes. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 51 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 54 EP 56 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0603 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 879IF UT WOS:000299322200017 PM 21880620 ER PT J AU Massoud, MR Mensah-Abrampah, N Barker, P Leatherman, S Kelley, E Agins, B Sax, S Heiby, J AF Massoud, M. Rashad Mensah-Abrampah, Nana Barker, Pierre Leatherman, Sheila Kelley, Edward Agins, Bruce Sax, Sylvia Heiby, James TI Improving the delivery of safe and effective healthcare in low and middle income countries SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Massoud, M. Rashad; Mensah-Abrampah, Nana] USAID Hlth Care Improvement Project, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Barker, Pierre] Inst Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Leatherman, Sheila] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Kelley, Edward] WHO Patient Safety, Geneva, Switzerland. [Agins, Bruce] New York State Dept Hlth, AIDS Inst, New York, NY USA. [Sax, Sylvia] Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [Heiby, James] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Massoud, MR (reprint author), USAID Hlth Care Improvement Project, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM nmensah@urc-chs.com NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD FEB 14 PY 2012 VL 344 AR e981 DI 10.1136/bmj.e981 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 896HZ UT WOS:000300557600007 PM 22334574 ER PT J AU Yoder, RB Nyandiko, WM Vreeman, RC Ayaya, SO Gisore, PO Braitstein, P Wiehe, SE AF Yoder, Rachel B. Nyandiko, Winstone M. Vreeman, Rachel C. Ayaya, Samwel O. Gisore, Peter O. Braitstein, Paula Wiehe, Sarah E. TI Long-Term Impact of the Kenya Postelection Crisis on Clinic Attendance and Medication Adherence for HIV-Infected Children in Western Kenya SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; medication adherence; pediatrics; postcrisis ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; EXPOSED CHILDREN; PEDIATRIC ADHERENCE; ARMED CONFLICT; FOLLOW-UP; OUTCOMES; CARE; POPULATION; SETTINGS AB Background: Kenya experienced a political and humanitarian crisis after presidential elections on December 27, 2007. We sought to describe both the immediate and long-term impact of this conflict for HIV-infected children in western Kenya. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of a cohort of these children for 3 periods: period 1, before the election (October 26, 2007, to December 25, 2007); period 2, immediately after the election (December 26, 2007, to April 15, 2008); and period 3, long-term postelection (April 16, 2008, to December 31, 2008). Two outcome variables of loss-to-follow-up (LTFU) were assessed: initial LTFU and complete LTFU. We assessed clinic adherence by evaluating the difference between actual visits and expected visits. Among children on antiretroviral therapy (ART), we assessed overall medication adherence and changes in medication adherence. Results: Two thousand five hundred forty-nine HIV-infected children,14 years were seen in period 1. Children on ART had less initial LTFU (3.0% compared with 5.1%, P < 0.01) and less complete LTFU (2.6% compared with 6.8%, P < 0.001) than children not on ART. For children not on ART, clinic adherence improved in period 3 compared with period 2. For children on ART with a more strict measure of clinic adherence, clinic adherence declined over time. Orphans had better clinic adherence than nonorphans. Among children on ART, there were few demographic differences when comparing medication adherence between time. Conclusions: HIV-infected children are at risk for disruptions in clinic follow-up and medication adherence after a humanitarian crisis. Individual and contextual factors moderate the effects of these disruptions. C1 [Yoder, Rachel B.; Vreeman, Rachel C.; Wiehe, Sarah E.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Nyandiko, Winstone M.; Vreeman, Rachel C.; Ayaya, Samwel O.; Gisore, Peter O.; Braitstein, Paula; Wiehe, Sarah E.] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare Part, Eldoret, Kenya. [Nyandiko, Winstone M.; Ayaya, Samwel O.; Gisore, Peter O.] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth & Pediat, Eldoret, Kenya. [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Wiehe, Sarah E.] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Yoder, RB (reprint author), 410 W 10th St,Suite 1020, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rbs@iupui.edu FU United States Agency for International Development; National Institute of Mental Health [1K23MH087225-01] FX Supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and in part by a grant to Dr Vreeman from the National Institute of Mental Health (1K23MH087225-01) to Dr R.C.V. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2012 VL 59 IS 2 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31823b4448 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 885OX UT WOS:000299789600020 PM 22027872 ER PT J AU Chemaitelly, H Cremin, I Shelton, J Hallett, TB Abu-Raddad, LJ AF Chemaitelly, Hiam Cremin, Ide Shelton, Jim Hallett, Timothy B. Abu-Raddad, Laith J. TI Distinct HIV discordancy patterns by epidemic size in stable sexual partnerships in sub-Saharan Africa SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-BASED SURVEYS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MALE CIRCUMCISION; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; COUPLES; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; UGANDA; TRIAL AB Objective To describe patterns of HIV infection among stable sexual partnerships across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods The authors defined measures of HIV discordancy and conducted a comprehensive quantitative assessment of discordancy among stable partnerships in 20 countries in SSA through an analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey data. Results HIV prevalence explained at least 50% of the variation in HIV discordancy, with two distinct patterns of discordancy emerging based on HIV prevalence being roughly smaller or larger than 10%. In low-prevalence countries, approximately 75% of partnerships affected by HIV are discordant, while only about half of these are discordant in high-prevalence countries. Out of each 10 HIV infected persons, two to five are engaged in discordant partnerships in low-prevalence countries compared with one to three in high-prevalence countries. Among every 100 partnerships in the population, one to nine are affected by HIV and zero to six are discordant in low-prevalence countries compared with 16-45 and 9-17, respectively, in high-prevalence countries. Finally, zero to four of every 100 sexually active adults are engaged in a discordant partnership in low-prevalence countries compared with six to eight in high-prevalence countries. Conclusions In high-prevalence countries, a large fraction of stable partnerships were affected by HIV and half were discordant, whereas in low-prevalence countries, fewer stable partnerships were affected by HIV but a higher proportion of them were discordant. The findings provide a global view of HIV infection among stable partnerships in SSA but imply complex considerations for rolling out prevention interventions targeting discordant partnerships. C1 [Chemaitelly, Hiam; Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Qatar Fdn Educ City, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, Doha, Qatar. [Cremin, Ide; Hallett, Timothy B.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. [Shelton, Jim] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Abu-Raddad, Laith J.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Vaccine & Infect Dis Div, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Abu-Raddad, LJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Qatar Fdn Educ City, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, POB 24144, Doha, Qatar. EM lja2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu OI Chemaitelly, Hiam/0000-0002-8756-6968; Cremin, Ide/0000-0003-2560-6247; Abu-Raddad, Laith/0000-0003-0790-0506 FU Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) [NPRP 08-068-3-024]; Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (WCMC-Q); Wellcome Trust; National Institutes of Health [R01 AI083034] FX Funding Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) (NPRP 08-068-3-024), the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core at the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (WCMC-Q), The Wellcome Trust, and the National Institutes of Health (R01 AI083034). NR 32 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 88 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050114 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 879HD UT WOS:000299319400013 PM 22250180 ER PT J AU Wachira, J Kimaiyo, S Ndege, S Mamlin, J Braitstein, P AF Wachira, Juddy Kimaiyo, Sylvester Ndege, Samson Mamlin, Joseph Braitstein, Paula TI What Is the Impact of Home-Based HIV Counseling and Testing on the Clinical Status of Newly Enrolled Adults in a Large HIV Care Program in Western Kenya? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SELF-DISCLOSURE; SCALE-UP; PREVENTION; DISCORDANCE; PREVALENCE; SEROSTATUS; INFECTION; GENDER AB Background. This article describes the effect point of entry into the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care program had on the clinical status of adults presenting for the first time to USAID-AMPATH (US Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare) Partnership clinics for HIV care. Methods. All patients aged >= 14 years enrolled between August 2008 and April 2010 were included. Points of entry to USAID-AMPATH clinics were home-based counseling and testing (HBCT), provider-initiated testing and counseling (PITC), HIV testing in the tuberculosis clinic, and voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). Tests for trend were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the effect of HBCT versus other points of entry on primary outcomes controlling for age and sex. Results. There were 19 552 eligible individuals. Of these, 946 tested in HBCT, 10 261 in VCT, 8073 in PITC, and 272 in the tuberculosis clinic. The median (interquartile range) enrollment CD4 cell counts among those who tested HIV positive was 323 (194-491), 217 (87-404), 190 (70-371), and 136 cells/mm(3) (59-266) for HBCT, VCT, PITC, and the tuberculosis clinic, respectively (P < .001). Compared with those patients whose HIV infection was diagnosed in the tuberculosis clinic, those who tested positive in HBCT were, controlling for age and sex, less likely to have to have World Health Organization stage III or IV HIV infection at enrollment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], .03-.06), less likely to enroll with a CD4 cell count of < 200 cells/mm(3) (AOR, 0.20; 95% CI, .14-.28), and less likely to enroll into care with a chief complaint (AOR, 0.08; 95% CI, .05-.12). Conclusions. HBCT is effective at getting HIV-infected persons enrolled in HIV care before they become ill. C1 [Wachira, Juddy] Indiana Univ, Sch Hlth Phys Educ & Recreat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Mamlin, Joseph; Braitstein, Paula] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Wachira, Juddy; Kimaiyo, Sylvester; Ndege, Samson; Mamlin, Joseph; Braitstein, Paula] USAID AMPATH, Eldoret, Kenya. [Kimaiyo, Sylvester; Mamlin, Joseph; Braitstein, Paula] Moi Univ Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Ndege, Samson] Moi Univ Sch Publ Hlth, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Braitstein, P (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, 1001 W 10th St,OPW-M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM pbraitstein@yahoo.com FU Abbott Laboratories; Purpleville Foundation; Global Business Coalition; Rockefeller Foundation; Kenyan Division of Leprosy, TB; Kenyan National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Program FX The HBCT program was supported by grants from Abbott Laboratories, the Purpleville Foundation, and the Global Business Coalition. The United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (USAID-PEPFAR) supported care for those found to be HIV positive, and the Abbott Fund provided test kits and logistical support. AMPATH and the authors are particularly grateful to the Rockefeller Foundation for funding the development of the AMPATH Medical Records System, and the Kenyan Division of Leprosy, TB and Lung Disease, formerly the Kenyan National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Program, for its support. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2012 VL 54 IS 2 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1093/cid/cir789 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 866LZ UT WOS:000298383700020 PM 22156847 ER PT J AU Clay, R CdeBaca, L De Cock, KM Goosby, E Guttmacher, A Jacobs, S Pablos-Mendez, A Polaski, S Sheldon, G Steinberg, D AF Clay, Robert CdeBaca, Luis De Cock, Kevin M. Goosby, Eric Guttmacher, Alan Jacobs, Susan Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Polaski, Sandra Sheldon, George Steinberg, Donald TI A call for coordinated and evidence-based action to protect children outside of family care SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Clay, Robert; Pablos-Mendez, Ariel; Steinberg, Donald] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [CdeBaca, Luis; Goosby, Eric; Jacobs, Susan; Sheldon, George] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [De Cock, Kevin M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Guttmacher, Alan] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Polaski, Sandra] US Dept Labor, Washington, DC 20210 USA. RP Clay, R (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM rclay@usaid.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 14 PY 2012 VL 379 IS 9811 BP E6 EP E8 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61821-7 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879GM UT WOS:000299317700002 PM 22166902 ER PT J AU Carter, RH Alexander, WL AF Carter, Rebecca H. Alexander, William L. BE Weaver, T Greenberg, JB Alexander, WL BrowningAiken, A TI Tracing the Trail of Table Grapes The Effects of Neoliberal Policies in Sonora, Mexico SO NEOLIBERALISM AND COMMODITY PRODUCTION IN MEXICO LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARKET; CHILE C1 [Carter, Rebecca H.] USAID, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Carter, Rebecca H.] Sonoran Inst, Socioecon Program, Tucson, AZ USA. [Alexander, William L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Anthropol, Wilmington, NC USA. RP Carter, RH (reprint author), USAID, Jakarta, Indonesia. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PRESS COLORADO PI BOULDER PA 5589 ARAPAHOE AVE, STE 206C, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA BN 978-1-60732-171-2 PY 2012 BP 75 EP 98 PG 24 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BDV85 UT WOS:000315214800005 ER PT J AU Holden, J AF Holden, Joseph BE Campioni, M Noack, P TI Rwanda: Overcoming the Industrial Policy Taboo SO RWANDA FAST FORWARD: SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, MILITARY AND RECONCILIATION PROSPECTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Holden, Joseph] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Holden, Joseph] DFID, London, England. [Holden, Joseph] UN, New York, NY USA. [Holden, Joseph] Minist Trade & Ind, Kigali, Rwanda. [Holden, Joseph] Deloitte & Touche, New York, NY USA. [Holden, Joseph] Natl Audit Off, London, England. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-26515-9 PY 2012 BP 126 EP 144 D2 10.1057/9781137265159 PG 19 WC History; Political Science SC History; Government & Law GA BDM80 UT WOS:000313883800009 ER PT J AU Pablos-Mendez, A Fox, E AF Pablos-Mendez, Ariel Fox, Elizabeth TI Enhancing Child Survival and Development in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries by Achieving Population-Level Behavior Change SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fox, Elizabeth] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Fox, E (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Global Hlth Bur, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM efox@usaid.gov NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2012 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1117 EP 1118 DI 10.1080/10810730.2012.744645 PG 2 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 042GH UT WOS:000311459200001 PM 23167311 ER PT J AU Kraft, JM Hill, Z Membe, I Zhang, YJ Meassick, EO Monsour, M Maumbi, M Ndubani, P Manengu, JM Mwinga, A AF Kraft, Joan Marie Hill, Zelee Membe, Ian Zhang, Yujia Meassick, Elizabeth Onjoro Monsour, Michael Maumbi, Mwendalubi Ndubani, Phillimon Manengu, Joy Masheke Mwinga, Alwyn TI Effects of the Gama Cuulu Radio Serial Drama on HIV-Related Behavior Change in Zambia SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID HIV/AIDS; PREVENTION; CAMPAIGNS; CHILDREN; VIOLENCE; WOMEN AB The Gama Cuulu radio serial drama is written and produced in Zambia's Southern Province. It promotes behavior change and service use to prevent HIV transmission. The authors evaluated the effects of Gama Cuulu on intermediate outcomes (e.g., perceived norms), as well as number of sexual partners, condom use, and HIV testing in the past year among adults between 18 and 49 years of age. The authors used a pretest/posttest assessment with a comparison group design, with Southern Province as the intervention area and Western Province as the comparison area. Approximately 1,500 in-person interviews were conducted in both provinces in 2006 (pretest), 2007, and 2008. Regression models included terms for province, time, and the interaction of the two. Outcomes improved in both provinces (e. g., by 2008, 37.6% of participants in Southern Province and 28.3% participants in Western Province tested for HIV in the past year). Pretest-to-posttest changes in condom use (from 20.2% to 29.4% in Southern Province) and 5 intermediate outcomes were significantly different in the 2 provinces. However, changes in condom use were not associated with listening to Gama Cuulu and changes in other outcomes were similar in both provinces. Weak intervention effects might be attributable to implementation challenges or the saturation of HIV programs in Zambia. C1 [Kraft, Joan Marie] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Hill, Zelee] UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. [Membe, Ian; Ndubani, Phillimon; Mwinga, Alwyn] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lusaka, Zambia. [Meassick, Elizabeth Onjoro] World Vis Int, Nairobi, Kenya. [Maumbi, Mwendalubi] MARCH Zambia, Livingstone, Zambia. [Manengu, Joy Masheke] USAID, Lusaka, Zambia. RP Kraft, JM (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jik4@cdc.gov FU PEPFAR NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2012 VL 17 IS 8 BP 929 EP 945 DI 10.1080/10810730.2011.650834 PG 17 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 019ON UT WOS:000309749300006 PM 22568558 ER PT J AU D'Adamo, M Fabic, MS Ohkubo, S AF D'Adamo, Margaret Fabic, Madeleine Short Ohkubo, Saori TI Meeting the Health Information Needs of Health Workers: What Have We Learned? SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Editorial Material AB The information challenges facing health workers worldwide include lack of routine systems for seeking and sharing information, lack of high-quality and current health information, and lack of locally relevant materials and tools. This issue of Journal of Health Communication presents three studies of health information needs in India, Senegal, and Malawi that demonstrate these information challenges, provide additional insight, and describe innovative strategies to improve knowledge and information sharing. Results confirm that health workers' information needs differ on the basis of the level of the health system in which a health worker is located, regardless of country or cultural context. Data also reveal that communication channels tailored to health workers' needs and preferences are vital for improving information access and knowledge sharing. Meetings remain the way that most health workers communicate with each other, although technical working groups, professional associations, and networks also play strong roles in information and knowledge sharing. Study findings also confirm health workers' need for up-to-date, simple information in formats useful for policy development, program management, and service delivery. It is important to note that data demonstrate a persistent need for a variety of information types-from research syntheses, to job aids, to case studies-and suggest the need to invest in multifaceted knowledge management systems and approaches that take advantage of expanding technology, especially mobile phones; support existing professional and social networks; and are tailored to the varying needs of health professionals across health systems. These common lessons can be universally applied to expand health workers' access to reliable, practical, evidence-based information. C1 [D'Adamo, Margaret; Fabic, Madeleine Short] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Ohkubo, Saori] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Fabic, MS (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM mshort@usaid.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PY 2012 VL 17 SU 2 SI SI BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1080/10810730.2012.666626 PG 7 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 964NA UT WOS:000305701100005 PM 22724669 ER PT S AU Adler, MR Brewinski, M Heap, AN Bolu, O AF Adler, Michelle R. Brewinski, Margaret Heap, Arnie N. Bolu, Omotayo BE Kourtis, AP Bulterys, M TI The Role of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in Infant and Young Child Feeding Guideline Development and Program Implementation SO HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) AND BREASTFEEDING: SCIENCE, RESEARCH ADVANCES, AND POLICY SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIV-FREE SURVIVAL; POSTNATAL TRANSMISSION; DOSE NEVIRAPINE; MOTHER; BOTSWANA; PROPHYLAXIS; PREVENTION; ZIDOVUDINE; PREGNANCY; MORTALITY C1 [Adler, Michelle R.; Bolu, Omotayo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Maternal & Child Hlth Branch, Prevent Mother Child HIV Transmiss PMTCT, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Brewinski, Margaret; Heap, Arnie N.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Adler, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Maternal & Child Hlth Branch, Prevent Mother Child HIV Transmiss PMTCT, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM madler@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4614-2250-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2012 VL 743 BP 247 EP 260 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-2251-8_18 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-2251-8 PG 14 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BAG88 UT WOS:000304124900018 PM 22454355 ER PT J AU Gaos, AR Lewison, RL Wallace, BP Yanez, IL Liles, MJ Nichols, WJ Baquero, A Hasbun, CR Vasquez, M Urteaga, J Seminoff, JA AF Gaos, Alexander R. Lewison, Rebecca L. Wallace, Bryan P. Yanez, Ingrid L. Liles, Michael J. Nichols, Wallace J. Baquero, Andres Hasbun, Carlos R. Vasquez, Mauricio Urteaga, Jose Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Spatial ecology of critically endangered hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata: implications for management and conservation SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Satellite telemetry; Movement; Home range; Mangrove estuary; Migration; Protected area; Eastern Pacific ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; GREEN TURTLES; SEA-TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; UTILIZATION DISTRIBUTIONS; LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPII; POPULATION-MODEL; COASTAL WATERS; TRACKING DATA AB Elucidating spatio-temporal movements of animals is an integral component of wildlife conservation and protected species management. Between 2008 and 2010 we satellite tracked 15 adult female hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata in the eastern Pacific Ocean to evaluate their movement behavior and to guide management and conservation efforts of this highly endangered population. Movements and habitat use were highly neritic, and post-nesting migration distances (maximum = 283.11 km) were short relative to migrations of other sea turtle species. In foraging areas, the majority of hawksbills established restricted, inshore home ranges within mangrove estuaries. A large proportion (>65%) of turtle location points fell within protected areas, although many of these sites lack enforcement and monitoring. The consistent use of estuarine and mangrove habitat for nesting and foraging may explain why hawksbills went virtually undetected in the eastern Pacific for decades. The spatially restricted and neritic life cycles of adult hawksbills in the eastern Pacific highlight threats (e. g. overlap with coastal fisheries, increased susceptibility to habitat degradation and/or catastrophic events) and opportunities for conservation (e. g. acute conservation target areas, less variant jurisdictional boundaries/regulations) for this species. Our results underscore the importance of strengthening protected area management, mangrove estuary protection and hawksbill research and conservation in the eastern Pacific. C1 [Gaos, Alexander R.; Wallace, Bryan P.; Yanez, Ingrid L.; Liles, Michael J.; Nichols, Wallace J.; Baquero, Andres; Vasquez, Mauricio; Urteaga, Jose; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, San Diego, CA 92102 USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.; Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Liles, Michael J.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Nichols, Wallace J.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Baquero, Andres] Fdn Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador. [Baquero, Andres] Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito 022971700, Ecuador. [Hasbun, Carlos R.] US Agcy Int Dev, San Salvador 22352506, El Salvador. [Vasquez, Mauricio] Univ Salvador, Inst Ciencias Mary Limnol, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Urteaga, Jose] Fauna & Flora Int, Managua, Nicaragua. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Gaos, AR (reprint author), Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiat, San Diego, CA 92102 USA. EM gaos@hawksbill.org FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Machalilla National Park; Paso Pacifico; Asociacion para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Ambiental de Puerto Parada; Fundacion para la Proteccion del Arrecife de Los Cobanos; Cooperativa de Pescadores El Maculis; Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador; Cooperativa Multisectorial de Jiquilillo; Los Zorros y Padre Ramos; Ocean Foundation FX We thank Southwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Machalilla National Park, Paso Pacifico, Asociacion para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Ambiental de Puerto Parada, Fundacion para la Proteccion del Arrecife de Los Cobanos, Cooperativa de Pescadores El Maculis, Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of El Salvador, Cooperativa Multisectorial de Jiquilillo, Los Zorros y Padre Ramos and The Ocean Foundation for financial/logisitical support. We also thank the following individuals: Rene Flores, Cristabel Flores, Georgina Mariona, Wilfredo Lopez, Tarla Peterson, Sarah Otterstrom, Liza Gonzalez, Salvador Sanchez, Perla Torres, Eduardo Altamirano Urbina, Eddy Maradiaga, Luis Manzanares, Micaela Pena, Juan Pablo Munoz, Gabriela Anhalzer, Felipe Vallejo, Michelle Pico, Earl Possardt, Grover Jeane, Michael Carey, Philippe Gaspar, Remy Lopez, Michael Coyne and Harry Johnson. We acknowledge insightful comments from several anonymous reviewers. NR 72 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 90 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2012 VL 450 BP 181 EP U198 DI 10.3354/meps09591 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 915ZK UT WOS:000302066000014 ER PT J AU Campbell, N Dary, O Cappuccio, FP Neufeld, LM Harding, KB Zimmermanne, MB AF Campbell, Norm Dary, Omar Cappuccio, Francesco P. Neufeld, Lynnette M. Harding, Kimberly B. Zimmermanne, Michael B. TI Collaboration to optimize dietary intakes of salt and iodine: a critical but overlooked public health issue SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zimmermanne, Michael B.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Food Nutr & Hlth, ICCIDD, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Campbell, Norm] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Dary, Omar] US Agcy Int Dev, Micronutrient & Child Blindness Project, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cappuccio, Francesco P.] Univ Warwick, Warwick Med Sch, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Neufeld, Lynnette M.; Harding, Kimberly B.] Micronutrient Initiat, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Zimmermanne, MB (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Food Nutr & Hlth, ICCIDD, Schmelzbergstr 7, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM michael.zimmermann@ilw.agrl.ethz.ch OI Cappuccio, Francesco Paolo/0000-0002-7842-5493 NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 90 IS 1 BP 73 EP 74 DI 10.2471/BLT.11.092080 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 887FZ UT WOS:000299913600028 PM 22271970 ER PT J AU Daniel, G Tegegnework, H Demissie, T Reithinger, R AF Daniel, Gabriel Tegegnework, Hailu Demissie, Tsion Reithinger, Richard TI Pilot assessment of supply chains for pharmaceuticals and medical commodities for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV infection in Ethiopia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Drugs; Supply chain; Malaria; Tuberculosis; HIV; Ethiopia AB To obtain preliminary data on the drug supply management system in Ethiopia, selected facilities were assessed for the availability of essential drugs and commodities for malaria, TB and HIV. Of the 48 surveyed hospitals and health centers, 9(19%), 9(19%) and 10(21%) did not have malaria, TB or HIV drugs, respectively. Similarly, of 27 health posts, 9 (33%) and 6 (22%) did not have rapid diagnostic tests and antimalarial drugs, respectively. The findings indicated an inadequate availability of essential drugs and commodities in the surveyed facilities as well as weaknesses in human resources and training. Assessments of commodity supply chains to ensure operational program success and impact are important. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. C1 [Daniel, Gabriel] Management Sci Hlth, Strengthening Pharmaceut Syst, Ctr Pharmaceut Management, Arlington, VA USA. [Tegegnework, Hailu] Management Sci Hlth, Strengthening Pharmaceut Syst, Ctr Pharmaceut Management, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Demissie, Tsion; Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Reithinger, R (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Presidents Malaria Initiat, 2030 Addis Ababa Pl, Dulles, VA 20189 USA. EM rreithinger@yahoo.co.uk FU U.S. Agency for International Development under the Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems Cooperative Agreement [GHN-A-00-07-00002-00] FX This work was supported by the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative through the U.S. Agency for International Development under the Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems Cooperative Agreement (GHN-A-00-07-00002-00). NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 106 IS 1 BP 60 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.09.008 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 876ZT UT WOS:000299147000011 PM 22093812 ER PT J AU Meisburger, TM AF Meisburger, Timothy M. TI GETTING MAJORITARIANISM RIGHT SO JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY LA English DT Article C1 [Meisburger, Timothy M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 1045-5736 J9 J DEMOCR JI J. Democr. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 23 IS 1 BP 155 EP 163 PG 9 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 876ZD UT WOS:000299145400014 ER PT J AU Hensen, B Baggaley, R Wong, VJ Grabbe, KL Shaffer, N Lo, YRJ Hargreaves, J AF Hensen, Bernadette Baggaley, Rachel Wong, Vincent J. Grabbe, Kristina L. Shaffer, Nathan Lo, Ying-Ru Jacqueline Hargreaves, James TI Universal voluntary HIV testing in antenatal care settings: a review of the contribution of provider-initiated testing & counselling SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus; pregnant women; prevention of mother to child transmission; diagnostic tests - routine; infection transmission - vertical; VIH; femmes enceintes; PTME; tests de diagnostic; routine; transmission de l'infection; vertical; VIH; mujeres embarazadas; prevencion de la transmision vertical; prueba diagnostica; rutina transmision infeccion; vertical ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; HEALTH FACILITIES; NATIONAL PROGRAM; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PREGNANT-WOMEN; SOUTH-AFRICA; HUMAN-RIGHTS; PREVENTION; POLICY; RATES AB Objective To assess the contribution of provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC) to achieving universal testing of pregnant women and, from available data on components of PITC, assess whether PITC adoption adheres to pre-test information, post-test counselling procedures and linkage to treatment. methods Systematic review of published literature. Findings were collated and data extracted on HIV testing uptake before and after the adoption of a PITC model. Data on pre-and post-test counselling uptake and linkage to anti-retrovirals, where available, were also extracted. results Ten eligible studies were identified. Pre-intervention testing uptake ranged from 5.5% to 78.7%. Following PITC introduction, testing uptake increased by a range of 9.9% to 65.6%, with testing uptake 85% in eight studies. Where reported, pre-test information was provided to between 91.5% and 100% and post-test counselling to between 82% and 99.8% of pregnant women. Linkage to ARVs for prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) was reported in five studies and ranged from 53.7% to 77.2%. Where reported, PITC was considered acceptable by ANC attendees. conclusion Our review provides evidence that the adoption of PITC within ANC can facilitate progress towards universal voluntary testing of pregnant women. This is necessary to increase the coverage of PMTCT services and facilitate access to treatment and prevention interventions. We found some evidence that PITC adoption does not undermine processes inherent to good conduct of testing, with high levels of pre-test information and post-test counselling, and two studies suggesting that PITC is acceptable to ANC attendees. C1 [Hensen, Bernadette; Hargreaves, James] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1, England. [Hensen, Bernadette] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect Dis, London WC1, England. [Baggaley, Rachel; Shaffer, Nathan; Lo, Ying-Ru Jacqueline] WHO, HIV Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Wong, Vincent J.] Off HIV AIDS, USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Grabbe, Kristina L.] US Ctr Dis Control, Div Global HIV AIDS, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hensen, B (reprint author), London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1, England. EM bernadette.hensen@lshtm.ac.uk FU WHO; CDC FX We thank Dr. Delia Boccia and Dr. Mishal Khan who were involved in determining eligibility and critically appraising studies identified for review. This study was funded by WHO and CDC. NR 44 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JAN PY 2012 VL 17 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02893.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 865RO UT WOS:000298328200007 PM 22032300 ER PT B AU Hazans, M AF Hazans, Mihails BE Galgoczi, B Leschke, J Watt, A TI Selectivity of Migrants from Baltic Countries Before and After Enlargement and Responses to the Crisis SO EU LABOUR MIGRATION IN TROUBLED TIMES: SKILLS MISMATCH, RETURN AND POLICY RESPONSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IMMIGRANTS; MIGRATION C1 [Hazans, Mihails] Univ Latvia, Econometr, Riga, Latvia. [Hazans, Mihails] Inst Study Lab IZA, Bonn, Germany. [Hazans, Mihails] OECD, Washington, DC USA. [Hazans, Mihails] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Hazans, Mihails] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Hazans, Mihails] European Commiss, London, England. [Hazans, Mihails] ILO, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Hazans, M (reprint author), Univ Latvia, Econometr, Riga, Latvia. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-3451-1; 978-1-4094-3450-4 PY 2012 BP 169 EP 208 PG 40 WC Economics; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Business & Economics GA BC1SA UT WOS:000350381600006 ER PT B AU de Melo, J Ugarte, C AF de Melo, Jaime Ugarte, Cristian BE Diop, N Marotta, D DeMelo, J TI Resource Abundance and Growth: Benchmarking MENA with the Rest of the World SO NATURAL RESOURCE ABUNDANCE, GROWTH, AND DIVERSIFICATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA: THE EFFECTS OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE ROLE OF POLICIES SE Directions in Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; TRADE; ECONOMY; NATIONS; EAST C1 [de Melo, Jaime] FERDI, Clermont Ferrand, France. [de Melo, Jaime] Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [de Melo, Jaime] Univ Auvergne, CERDI, Clermont Ferrand, France. [de Melo, Jaime] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [de Melo, Jaime] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [de Melo, Jaime] World Bank, Res Dept, Washington, DC USA. [Ugarte, Cristian] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Ugarte, Cristian] African Dev Bank, Tunis, Tunisia. [Ugarte, Cristian] Int Labor Org, Geneva, Switzerland. RP de Melo, J (reprint author), FERDI, Clermont Ferrand, France. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-9591-2; 978-0-8213-9592-9 J9 DIR DEV PY 2012 BP 27 EP 86 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-9591-2 PG 60 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BJL53 UT WOS:000328883800002 ER PT B AU Diop, N de Melo, J AF Diop, Ndiame de Melo, Jaime BE Diop, N Marotta, D DeMelo, J TI Rents, Regulatory Restrictions, and Diversification toward Services in Resource-Rich MENA SO NATURAL RESOURCE ABUNDANCE, GROWTH, AND DIVERSIFICATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA: THE EFFECTS OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE ROLE OF POLICIES SE Directions in Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BOOMING SECTOR; TRADE C1 [Diop, Ndiame] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [de Melo, Jaime] FERDI, Clermont Ferrand, France. [de Melo, Jaime] Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [de Melo, Jaime] Univ Auvergne, CERDI, Clermont Ferrand, France. [de Melo, Jaime] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [de Melo, Jaime] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [de Melo, Jaime] World Bank, Res Dept, Washington, DC USA. RP Diop, N (reprint author), World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-9591-2; 978-0-8213-9592-9 J9 DIR DEV PY 2012 BP 87 EP 112 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-9591-2 PG 26 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BJL53 UT WOS:000328883800003 ER PT B AU Blanchet, NJ Toonen, J Dakpallah, G AF Blanchet, Nathan J. Toonen, Jurrien Dakpallah, George BE AppiahDenkyira, E Herbst, CH Soucat, A Lemiere, C Saleh, K TI The Political Economy of Crafting Policy SO TOWARD INTERVENTIONS IN HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH IN GHANA: EVIDENCE FOR HEALTH WORKFORCE PLANNING AND RESULTS SE Directions in Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS C1 [Blanchet, Nathan J.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Toonen, Jurrien] Royal Trop Inst KIT Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Dakpallah, George] Minist Hlth, Accra, Ghana. [Dakpallah, George] Town & Country Planning Dept Head Off, Accra, Ghana. [Dakpallah, George] Univ Sci & Technol, Kumasi, Ghana. RP Blanchet, NJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-9668-1; 978-0-8213-9667-4 J9 DIR DEV PY 2012 BP 141 EP 153 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-9667-4 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Planning & Development SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public Administration GA BA4YR UT WOS:000336436200010 ER PT J AU Kosgei, RJ Lubano, KM Shen, CY Wools-Kaloustian, KK Musick, BS Siika, AM Mabeya, H Carter, EJ Mwangi, A Kiarie, J AF Kosgei, Rose J. Lubano, Kizito M. Shen, Changyu Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K. Musick, Beverly S. Siika, Abraham M. Mabeya, Hillary Carter, E. Jane Mwangi, Ann Kiarie, James TI Impact of Integrated Family Planning and HIV Care Services on Contraceptive Use and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV care; integrating family planning services; retrospective cohort study; USAID-AMPATH partnership ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; EXPERIENCE; INFECTION; FERTILITY; SURVIVAL; UGANDA; KENYA AB Objective: To determine the impact of routine care (RC) and integrated family planning (IFP) and HIV care service on family planning (FP) uptake and pregnancy outcomes. Design: Retrospective cohort study conducted between October 10, 2005, and February 28, 2009. Setting: United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (USAID-AMPATH) in western Kenya. Subjects: Records of adult HIV-infected women. Intervention: Integration of FP into one of the care teams. Primary Outcomes Measures: Incidence of FP methods and pregnancy. Results: Four thousand thirty-one women (1453 IFP; 2578 RC) were eligible. Among the IFP group, there was a 16.7% increase (P, 0.001) [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.2% to 20.2%] in incidence of condom use, 12.9% increase (P, 0.001) (95% CI: 9.4% to 16.4%) in incidence of FP use including condoms, 3.8% reduction (P < 0.001) (95% CI: 1.9% to 5.6%) in incidence of FP use excluding condoms, and 0.1% increase (P = 0.9) (95% CI: -1.9% to 2.1%) in incidence of pregnancies. The attributable risk of the incidence rate per 100 person-years of IFP and RC for new condom use was 16.4 (95% CI: 11.9 to 21.0), new FP use including condoms was 13.5 (95% CI: 8.7 to 18.3), new FP use excluding condoms was -3.0 (95% CI: -4.6 to -1.4) and new cases of pregnancies was 1.2 (95% CI: -0.6 to 3.0). Conclusions: Integrating FP services into HIV care significantly increased the use of modern FP methods but no impact on pregnancy incidence. HIV programs need to consider integrating FP into their program structure. C1 [Kosgei, Rose J.; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K.; Musick, Beverly S.; Siika, Abraham M.; Mabeya, Hillary; Carter, E. Jane; Mwangi, Ann] USAID AMPATH Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya. [Lubano, Kizito M.; Kiarie, James] Univ Nairobi, Sch Med, Nairobi, Kenya. [Lubano, Kizito M.] Kenyatta Natl Hosp, Nairobi, Kenya. [Lubano, Kizito M.] KEMRI, Nairobi, Kenya. [Shen, Changyu; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K.; Musick, Beverly S.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K.; Siika, Abraham M.; Mabeya, Hillary; Mwangi, Ann] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Carter, E. Jane] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Kosgei, RJ (reprint author), POB 1523-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. EM salilka-bon@yahoo.com FU United States Agency for International Development; Miriam/Brown/Tufts Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program [D43-TW-000237] FX Supported in part by a grant to the United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Partnership from United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Rose J. Kosgei is partly supported through 2 research fellowships: an Operational Research Fellowship as a result of a memorandum of understanding between AMPATH and the Centre for Operational Research, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, France supported by an anonymous donor and the Miriam/Brown/Tufts Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program D43-TW-000237. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2011 VL 58 IS 5 BP E121 EP E126 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318237ca80 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 846RT UT WOS:000296921600001 PM 21963940 ER PT J AU Subramanian, S Naimoli, J Matsubayashi, T Peters, DH AF Subramanian, Savitha Naimoli, Joseph Matsubayashi, Toru Peters, David H. TI Do we have the right models for scaling up health services to achieve the Millennium Development Goals? SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Background: There is widespread agreement on the need for scaling up in the health sector to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). But many countries are not on track to reach the MDG targets. The dominant approach used by global health initiatives promotes uniform interventions and targets, assuming that specific technical interventions tested in one country can be replicated across countries to rapidly expand coverage. Yet countries scale up health services and progress against the MDGs at very different rates. Global health initiatives need to take advantage of what has been learned about scaling up. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify conceptual models for scaling up health in developing countries, with the articles assessed according to the practical concerns of how to scale up, including the planning, monitoring and implementation approaches. Results: We identified six conceptual models for scaling up in health based on experience with expanding pilot projects and diffusion of innovations. They place importance on paying attention to enhancing organizational, functional, and political capabilities through experimentation and adaptation of strategies in addition to increasing the coverage and range of health services. These scaling up approaches focus on fostering sustainable institutions and the constructive engagement between end users and the provider and financing organizations. Conclusions: The current approaches to scaling up health services to reach the MDGs are overly simplistic and not working adequately. Rather than relying on blueprint planning and raising funds, an approach characteristic of current global health efforts, experience with alternative models suggests that more promising pathways involve "learning by doing" in ways that engage key stakeholders, uses data to address constraints, and incorporates results from pilot projects. Such approaches should be applied to current strategies to achieve the MDGs. C1 [Subramanian, Savitha; Matsubayashi, Toru; Peters, David H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Naimoli, Joseph] US Agcy Int Dev GH AA, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Peters, DH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dpeters@jhsph.edu OI Peters, David/0000-0001-8377-3444 FU United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) FX DHP and SS were supported by Grant # H050474 provided by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) for the Future Health Systems research programme consortium http://www.futurehealthsystems.org. JN is an employee of the United States government. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID or the US government. The funder had no involvement in the study. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6963 J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES JI BMC Health Serv. Res. PD DEC 14 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 336 DI 10.1186/1472-6963-11-336 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 877ZE UT WOS:000299220400001 PM 22168915 ER PT J AU Graves, PM Ngondi, JM Hwang, J Getachew, A Gebre, T Mosher, AW Patterson, AE Shargie, EB Tadesse, Z Wolkon, A Reithinger, R Emerson, PM Richards, FO AF Graves, Patricia M. Ngondi, Jeremiah M. Hwang, Jimee Getachew, Asefaw Gebre, Teshome Mosher, Aryc W. Patterson, Amy E. Shargie, Estifanos B. Tadesse, Zerihun Wolkon, Adam Reithinger, Richard Emerson, Paul M. Richards, Frank O., Jr. TI Factors associated with mosquito net use by individuals in households owning nets in Ethiopia SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Mosquito net; Ethiopia; GLLAMM; Survey; Net use ID INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BED NETS; MALARIA PREVENTION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; WESTERN KENYA; RISK-FACTORS; DETERMINANTS; COVERAGE; CHILDREN AB Background: Ownership of insecticidal mosquito nets has dramatically increased in Ethiopia since 2006, but the proportion of persons with access to such nets who use them has declined. It is important to understand individual level net use factors in the context of the home to modify programmes so as to maximize net use. Methods: Generalized linear latent and mixed models (GLLAMM) were used to investigate net use using individual level data from people living in net-owning households from two surveys in Ethiopia: baseline 2006 included 12,678 individuals from 2,468 households and a sub-sample of the Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) in 2007 included 14,663 individuals from 3,353 households. Individual factors (age, sex, pregnancy); net factors (condition, age, net density); household factors (number of rooms [2006] or sleeping spaces [2007], IRS, women's knowledge and school attendance [2007 only], wealth, altitude); and cluster level factors (rural or urban) were investigated in univariate and multi-variable models for each survey. Results: In 2006, increased net use was associated with: age 25-49 years (adjusted (a) OR = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-1.7) compared to children U5; female gender (aOR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.2-1.5); fewer nets with holes (Ptrend = 0.002); and increasing net density (Ptrend < 0.001). Reduced net use was associated with: age 5-24 years (aOR = 0.2; 95% CI 0.2-0.3). In 2007, increased net use was associated with: female gender (aOR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.6); fewer nets with holes (aOR ([all nets in HH good]) = 1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.1); increasing net density (Ptrend < 0.001); increased women's malaria knowledge (Ptrend < 0.001); and urban clusters (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.5-4.1). Reduced net use was associated with: age 524 years (aOR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.2-0.4); number of sleeping spaces (aOR ([per additional space]) = 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7); more old nets (aOR ([all nets in HH older than 12 months]) = 0.5; 95% CI 0.3-0.7); and increasing household altitude (Ptrend < 0.001). Conclusion: In both surveys, net use was more likely by women, if nets had fewer holes and were at higher net per person density within households. School-age children and young adults were much less likely to use a net. Increasing availability of nets within households (i.e. increasing net density), and improving net condition while focusing on education and promotion of net use, especially in school-age children and young adults in rural areas, are crucial areas for intervention to ensure maximum net use and consequent reduction of malaria transmission. C1 [Graves, Patricia M.; Ngondi, Jeremiah M.; Mosher, Aryc W.; Patterson, Amy E.; Emerson, Paul M.; Richards, Frank O., Jr.] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Ngondi, Jeremiah M.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Hwang, Jimee; Wolkon, Adam] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hwang, Jimee] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Getachew, Asefaw] MACEPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Gebre, Teshome; Shargie, Estifanos B.; Tadesse, Zerihun] Carter Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Shargie, Estifanos B.] Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, Strateg Informat Team, CH-1214 Geneva, Vernier, Switzerland. [Tadesse, Zerihun] Federal Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Graves, Patricia M.] Sch Publ Hlth Trop Med & Rehabil Sci, Fac Med Hlth & Mol Sci, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Gebre, Teshome] Task Force Global Hlth, Int Trachoma Initiat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Graves, PM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM pgraves.work@gmail.com RI Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 FU The Carter Center; Amhara; Oromia; SNNP Regional Health Bureaus; Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia; Malaria Control and Evaluation Partnership for Africa (MACEPA); World Health Organization (WHO); United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF); President's Malaria Initiative [US Agency for International Development (USAID)/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]; Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency; Center for National Health Development in Ethiopia; Malaria Consortium; President's Malaria Initiative via the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health; US Agency for International Development; CDC FX The baseline survey was financially and technically supported by The Carter Center and carried out in collaboration with the Amhara, Oromia and SNNP Regional Health Bureaus. The follow-up Malaria Indicator Survey 2007 was the result of joint support and efforts by multiple partners, including the Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia, The Carter Center, Malaria Control and Evaluation Partnership for Africa (MACEPA, a program at PATH), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), President's Malaria Initiative [US Agency for International Development (USAID)/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)], the Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency, Center for National Health Development in Ethiopia, and Malaria Consortium.; This research was made possible through support provided by the President's Malaria Initiative via the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, under the terms of an inter-agency agreement with CDC. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Agency for International Development, or other employing organizations or sources of funding. NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD DEC 13 PY 2011 VL 10 AR 354 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-10-354 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 875TR UT WOS:000299058500001 PM 22165821 ER PT J AU Carr, ER AF Carr, Edward R. TI If you are uncomfortable, you are probably doing it right SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A LA English DT Editorial Material ID GHANA CENTRAL REGION; POVERTY C1 [Carr, Edward R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Carr, Edward R.] US Agcy Int Dev, EGAT ESP GCC, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Carr, ER (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM carr@sc.edu NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0308-518X J9 ENVIRON PLANN A JI Environ. Plan. A PD DEC PY 2011 VL 43 IS 12 BP 2797 EP 2800 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 880YV UT WOS:000299447400007 ER PT J AU Olson, CK Blum, LS Patel, KN Oria, PA Feikin, DR Laserson, KF Wamae, AW Bartlett, AV Breiman, RF Ram, PK AF Olson, Christine K. Blum, Lauren S. Patel, Kinnery N. Oria, Prisca A. Feikin, Daniel R. Laserson, Kayla F. Wamae, Annah W. Bartlett, Alfred V. Breiman, Robert F. Ram, Pavani K. TI Community Case Management of Childhood Diarrhea in a Setting with Declining Use of Oral Rehydration Therapy: Findings from Cross-Sectional Studies among Primary Household Caregivers, Kenya, 2007 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ZINC; COUNTRIES; MORTALITY; MOTHERS; SALTS AB We sought to determine factors associated with appropriate diarrhea case management in Kenya. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of caregivers of children <5 years of age with diarrhea in rural Asembo and urban Kibera. In Asembo, 61% of respondents provided oral rehydration therapy (ORT), 45% oral rehydration solution (ORS), and 64% continued feeding. In Kibera, 75% provided ORT, 43% ORS, and 46% continued feeding. Seeking care at a health facility, risk perception regarding death from diarrhea, and treating a child with oral medications were associated with ORT and ORS use. Availability of oral medication was negatively associated. A minority of caregivers reported that ORS is available in nearby shops. In Kenya, household case management of diarrhea remains inadequate for a substantial proportion of children. Health workers have a critical role in empowering caregivers regarding early treatment with ORT and continued feeding. Increasing community ORS availability is essential to improving diarrhea management. C1 [Olson, Christine K.; Patel, Kinnery N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Olson, Christine K.; Patel, Kinnery N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Blum, Lauren S.; Oria, Prisca A.; Breiman, Robert F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Dis Detect Div, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Med Res Inst, Int Emerging Infect Program, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, CDC Res & Publ Hlth Collaborat, Kisumu, Kenya. Republ Kenya Minist Hlth, Div Child Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bartlett, Alfred V.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Ram, Pavani K.] SUNY Coll Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. RP Olson, CK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-03, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM colson@cdc.gov; laurensblum@yahoo.com; Kinnery@gmail.com; Poria@kemricdc.org; dfeikin@jhsph.edu; klaserson@ke.cdc.gov; awanju2002@yahoo.com; abartlett@usaid.gov; rbreiman@ke.cdc.gov; pkram@buffalo.edu FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This research was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1134 EP 1140 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0178 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 858FJ UT WOS:000297781000032 PM 22144458 ER PT J AU Shrestha, MS Artan, GA Bajracharya, SR Gautam, DK Tokar, SA AF Shrestha, M. S. Artan, G. A. Bajracharya, S. R. Gautam, D. K. Tokar, S. A. TI Bias-adjusted satellite-based rainfall estimates for predicting floods: Narayani Basin SO JOURNAL OF FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bias adjustment; flood prediction; Nepal; satellite rainfall estimates ID GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; PRODUCTS; OPTIMIZATION; VALIDATION; RADAR AB In Nepal, as the spatial distribution of rain gauges is not sufficient to provide detailed perspective on the highly varied spatial nature of rainfall, satellite-based rainfall estimates provides the opportunity for timely estimation. This paper presents the flood prediction of Narayani Basin at the Devghat hydrometric station (32?000?km2) using bias-adjusted satellite rainfall estimates and the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM), a spatially distributed, physically based hydrologic model. The GeoSFM with gridded gauge observed rainfall inputs using kriging interpolation from 2003 was used for calibration and 2004 for validation to simulate stream flow with both having a Nash Sutcliff Efficiency of above 0.7. With the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Centre's rainfall estimates (CPC_RFE2.0), using the same calibrated parameters, for 2003 the model performance deteriorated but improved after recalibration with CPC_RFE2.0 indicating the need to recalibrate the model with satellite-based rainfall estimates. Adjusting the CPC_RFE2.0 by a seasonal, monthly and 7-day moving average ratio, improvement in model performance was achieved. Furthermore, a new gauge-satellite merged rainfall estimates obtained from ingestion of local rain gauge data resulted in significant improvement in flood predictability. The results indicate the applicability of satellite-based rainfall estimates in flood prediction with appropriate bias correction. C1 [Shrestha, M. S.; Bajracharya, S. R.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Artan, G. A.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. [Gautam, D. K.] Dept Hydrol & Meteorol DHM, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Tokar, S. A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off US Foreign Disaster Assistance USAID OFDA, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shrestha, MS (reprint author), ICIMOD, POB 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal. EM mshrestha@icimod.org OI Gautam, Dilip Kumar/0000-0002-6255-6405 FU Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance, US Agency for International Development Assistance; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) FX This study is part of the regional project on 'Application of Satellite Rainfall Estimates in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region'. Funding for this activity was made possible through support provided by the Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance, US Agency for International Development Assistance. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of US Agency for International Development. The authors thank the DHM for providing the discharge and rainfall data and NOAA/USGS for the technical support. The authors would also like to express their thanks to Xie Pingping for his review and comments on the paper and to ICIMOD where the research was conducted. Most of the paper was prepared when the first author was a researcher at the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University and would like to thank Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for the financial support. The authors would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to significantly improve the paper. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1753-318X J9 J FLOOD RISK MANAG JI J. Flood Risk Manag. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 360 EP 373 DI 10.1111/j.1753-318X.2011.01121.x PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 860LJ UT WOS:000297949500011 ER PT J AU Deressa, W Fentie, G Girma, S Reithinger, R AF Deressa, Wakgari Fentie, Gashu Girma, Shoa Reithinger, Richard TI Ownership and use of insecticide-treated nets in Oromia and Amhara Regional States of Ethiopia two years after a nationwide campaign SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE malaria; insecticide-treated net; long-lasting insecticidal net; ownership; use; women; Ethiopia; paludisme; malaria; moustiquaire impregnee d'insecticide; moustiquaire impregnee d'insecticide durable; possession; utilisation; femmes; Ethiopie; malaria; mosquitera impregnada con insecticida; mosquitera impregnada de larga duracion; tenencia; uso; mujeres; Etiopia ID BED NETS; MALARIA CONTROL; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; PREGNANT-WOMEN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; WESTERN KENYA; COVERAGE; MORTALITY; DETERMINANTS; PREVENTION AB OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ownership and use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) by the local community 2 years after a free distribution campaign in Ethiopia. METHODS This is a population-based survey using a two-stage cluster sample design in 115 randomly selected clusters in Oromia and Amhara regional states of Ethiopia, performed in June 2009. Data on the possession and use of ITNs were collected using structured and pre-tested questionnaires through house-to-house visits. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the effect of participant's malaria knowledge, location and ITN characteristics on the use of ITNs. RESULTS A total of 2874 households participated in the study, and 90.6% of the study population was knowledgeable about ITNs. About 49.1% of households reported at least one ITN; 28.4% owned two or more. ITN coverage was significantly lower in Oromia (34.9%) than in Amhara (76.8%, P < 0.001). The average number of ITNs per ITN-owning household was 1.8. In all surveyed households, only 21.8% of all family members, 29.4% of all children under the age of 5 years and 23.2% of all pregnant women had slept under an ITN the night preceding the survey. Among ITN-owning households, 63.0% of all children under the age of 5 years and 52.1% of pregnant women had slept under an ITN the night before the survey. Using multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with ITN use were number of ITNs in the household, number of ITNs hung over the bed in the household, women's knowledge of ITNs and women's lack of problem in using ITNs, whereas region, area of residence and ITN status were not. CONCLUSIONS Household ITN ownership and use remain below the current Roll Back Malaria targets of universal coverage. A replacement strategy is urgently needed to scale-up coverage and use of ITNs. C1 [Deressa, Wakgari] Univ Addis Ababa, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Fentie, Gashu; Girma, Shoa] Acad Educ Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Deressa, W (reprint author), Univ Addis Ababa, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, POB 6850, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM deressaw@yahoo.com FU U.S. Agency for International Development [663-A-00-08-00432-00] FX The study was conducted under the Academy for Educational Development NetMark Ethiopia project supported by the U.S. Agency for International Development (Cooperative Agreement Number 663-A-00-08-00432-00). We would like to thank Mr Wahid Manaye, Ms Eftu Ahmed, Dr Zelalem Kebede, Mr Peter Gottert and Mr John Elder for their overall support and technical assistance. We are grateful to Oromia and Amhara Regional Health Bureaus, Zonal and Woreda (District) Health Offices. We would also like to thank the study team supervisors and data collectors. We are especially grateful to kebele leaders, and above all, to the study households and all women who participated in this study. The opinions expressed in this study are those of the authors and may not reflect the position of their employing organizations nor of their work's sources of funding. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD DEC PY 2011 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1552 EP 1561 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02875.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 854NR UT WOS:000297502000012 PM 21883727 ER PT J AU Papas, RK Sidle, JE Gakinya, BN Baliddawa, JB Martino, S Mwaniki, MM Songole, R Omolo, OE Kamanda, AM Ayuku, DO Ojwang, C Owino-Ong'or, WD Harrington, M Bryant, KJ Carroll, KM Justice, AC Hogan, JW Maisto, SA AF Papas, Rebecca K. Sidle, John E. Gakinya, Benson N. Baliddawa, Joyce B. Martino, Steve Mwaniki, Michael M. Songole, Rogers Omolo, Otieno E. Kamanda, Allan M. Ayuku, David O. Ojwang, Claris Owino-Ong'or, Willis D. Harrington, Magdalena Bryant, Kendall J. Carroll, Kathleen M. Justice, Amy C. Hogan, Joseph W. Maisto, Stephen A. TI Treatment outcomes of a stage 1 cognitive-behavioral trial to reduce alcohol use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected out-patients in western Kenya SO ADDICTION LA English DT Article DE Alcohol; cognitive-behavioral therapy; HIV; Kenya; randomized clinical trial ID COLLABORATIVE PROJECT; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; HIV-INFECTION; COPING SKILLS; SELF-REPORTS; RISK; CONSUMPTION; CARE; PSYCHOTHERAPY; INTERVENTION AB Aims Dual epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and alcohol use disorders, and a dearth of professional resources for behavioral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa, suggest the need for development of culturally relevant and feasible interventions. The purpose of this study was to test the preliminary efficacy of a culturally adapted six-session gender-stratified group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention delivered by paraprofessionals to reduce alcohol use among HIV-infected out-patients in Eldoret, Kenya. Design Randomized clinical trial comparing CBT against a usual care assessment-only control. Setting A large HIV out-patient clinic in Eldoret, Kenya, part of the Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare collaboration. Participants Seventy-five HIV-infected outpatients who were antiretroviral (ARV)-initiated or ARV-eligible and who reported hazardous or binge drinking. Measurements Percentage of drinking days (PDD) and mean drinks per drinking days (DDD) measured continuously using the Time line Follow back method. Findings There were 299 ineligible and 102 eligible out-patients with 12 refusals. Effect sizes of the change in alcohol use since baseline between the two conditions at the 30-day follow-up were large [d = 0.95, P = 0.0002, mean difference = 24.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 12.43, 37.43 PDD; d = 0.76, P = 0.002, mean difference = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.05, 4.70 DDD]. Randomized participants attended 93% of the six CBT sessions offered. Reported alcohol abstinence at the 90-day follow-up was 69% (CBT) and 38% (usual care). Paraprofessional counselors achieved independent ratings of adherence and competence equivalent to college-educated therapists in the United States. Treatment effect sizes were comparable to alcohol intervention studies conducted in the United States. Conclusions Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be adapted successfully to group paraprofessional delivery in Kenya and may be effective in reducing alcohol use among HIV-infected Kenyan out-patients. C1 [Papas, Rebecca K.] Brown Univ, Alpert Med Sch, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Providence, RI 02906 USA. [Sidle, John E.; Gakinya, Benson N.; Baliddawa, Joyce B.; Songole, Rogers; Omolo, Otieno E.; Ayuku, David O.; Owino-Ong'or, Willis D.] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Sidle, John E.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Martino, Steve; Carroll, Kathleen M.; Justice, Amy C.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Mwaniki, Michael M.; Kamanda, Allan M.] Kenya Hlth Behav Study, Eldoret, Kenya. [Ojwang, Claris] USAID AMPATH Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya. [Harrington, Magdalena] Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI USA. [Bryant, Kendall J.] NIAAA, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Maisto, Stephen A.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. RP Papas, RK (reprint author), Brown Univ, Alpert Med Sch, Dept Psychiat & Human Behav, Providence, RI 02906 USA. EM rebecca_papas@brown.edu RI Hogan, Joseph/J-4579-2014; OI Hogan, Joseph/0000-0001-7959-7361; Carroll, Kathleen/0000-0003-3263-3374 FU NIAAA [R21AA016884]; United States Agency for International Development; [P50DA09241] FX This research was sponsored by NIAAA-funded R21AA016884. It was also supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and by P50DA09241. We would like to thank Joanne Corvino and Karen Hunkele for providing consultation about treatment integrity, Traci Green, Charla Nich and Jing Zhang for providing consultation about statistical analyses and Tobista Nafula for her assistance with treatment delivery and data quality monitoring. We also thank Robert Skipworth Comer from the Indiana University School of Informatics for the contribution and development of locally relevant CBT illustrations. We extend our appreciation to Chematics, Inc. of North Webster, Indiana for the generous donation of alcohol saliva tests for this project. We thank the AMPATH clinic staff for facilitating this research. Finally, we thank the participants in this project for providing contributions to the development of this intervention. NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD DEC PY 2011 VL 106 IS 12 BP 2156 EP 2166 DI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03518.x PG 11 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 841SU UT WOS:000296534200017 PM 21631622 ER PT J AU Dalrymple, DG AF Dalrymple, Dana G. TI Borlaug, vol 1, Right off the Farm, 1914-1944 SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Dalrymple, Dana G.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Dalrymple, Dana G.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Dalrymple, DG (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS & DIGITAL PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD WIN PY 2011 VL 85 IS 1 BP 135 EP 136 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA 703AQ UT WOS:000285946300031 ER PT J AU Dalrymple, DG AF Dalrymple, Dana G. TI Borlaug, vol 2, Wheat Whisperer, 1944-1959 SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Dalrymple, Dana G.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Dalrymple, Dana G.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Dalrymple, DG (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS & DIGITAL PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD WIN PY 2011 VL 85 IS 1 BP 135 EP 136 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA 703AQ UT WOS:000285946300032 ER PT J AU Bertrand, JT Njeuhmeli, E Forsythe, S Mattison, SK Mahler, H Hankins, CA AF Bertrand, Jane T. Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Forsythe, Steven Mattison, Sarah K. Mahler, Hally Hankins, Catherine A. TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Challenges of Costing Demand Creation in Eastern and Southern Africa SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ADULT MALE CIRCUMCISION; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV PREVENTION; ACCEPTABILITY; MEN; TRIAL; INTERVENTION; INFECTION; KENYA AB Background: This paper proposes an approach to estimating the costs of demand creation for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) scale-up in 13 countries of eastern and southern Africa. It addresses two key questions: (1) what are the elements of a standardized package for demand creation? And (2) what challenges exist and must be taken into account in estimating the costs of demand creation? Methods and Findings: We conducted a key informant study on VMMC demand creation using purposive sampling to recruit seven people who provide technical assistance to government programs and manage budgets for VMMC demand creation. Key informants provided their views on the important elements of VMMC demand creation and the most effective funding allocations across different types of communication approaches (e. g., mass media, small media, outreach/mobilization). The key finding was the wide range of views, suggesting that a standard package of core demand creation elements would not be universally applicable. This underscored the importance of tailoring demand creation strategies and estimates to specific country contexts before estimating costs. The key informant interviews, supplemented by the researchers' field experience, identified these issues to be addressed in future costing exercises: variations in the cost of VMMC demand creation activities by country and program, decisions about the quality and comprehensiveness of programming, and lack of data on critical elements needed to "trigger the decision" among eligible men. Conclusions: Based on this study's findings, we propose a seven-step methodological approach to estimate the cost of VMMC scale-up in a priority country, based on our key assumptions. However, further work is needed to better understand core components of a demand creation package and how to cost them. Notwithstanding the methodological challenges, estimating the cost of demand creation remains an essential element in deriving estimates of the total costs for VMMC scale-up in eastern and southern Africa. C1 [Bertrand, Jane T.; Mattison, Sarah K.] Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DE USA. [Forsythe, Steven] Futures Inst, Glastonbury, CT USA. [Mahler, Hally] Jhpiego, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Hankins, Catherine A.] Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Bertrand, JT (reprint author), Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM bertrand@tulane.edu OI Hankins, Catherine/0000-0002-1642-8592 FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [GHH-I-00-07-00032-00]; UNAIDS FX This work was funded by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and UNAIDS. Technical staff from USAID and UNAIDS was involved in study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript.; The work undertaken for this article was supported by the Research to Prevention project, funded by USAID, Project SEARCH, Task Order No. 2, under Contract No. GHH-I-00-07-00032-00, beginning September 30, 2008, and by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Research to Prevention is led by the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health and managed by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Communication Programs. Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine serves as a subcontractor on Research to Prevention. We acknowledge Sekai Chideya for her contribution to the data analysis, writing, and review of this paper. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 29 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 11 AR e27562 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0027562 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 863LT UT WOS:000298166300007 PM 22140450 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Role of concurrency in generalised HIV epidemics SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID TRANSMISSION; MALAWI C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 26 PY 2011 VL 378 IS 9806 BP 1843 EP 1843 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 857DQ UT WOS:000297695800020 PM 22118437 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Twenty criteria to make the best of scarce health resources in developing countries SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV PREVENTION; MALE CIRCUMCISION; ACCEPTABILITY; AFRICA; KENYA; NETS C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1756-1833 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD NOV 25 PY 2011 VL 343 AR d7023 DI 10.1136/bmj.d7023 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 875FJ UT WOS:000299015500001 PM 22121163 ER PT J AU Shelton, J AF Shelton, James TI Scientists and the media must give a balanced view SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 3 PY 2011 VL 479 IS 7371 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 840FA UT WOS:000296422600004 PM 22051636 ER PT J AU Broughton, EI Gomez, I Nunez, O Wong, Y AF Broughton, Edward I. Gomez, Ivonne Nunez, Oscar Wong, Yudy TI Cost-effectiveness of improving pediatric hospital care in Nicaragua SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Hospital costs; hospitals, pediatric; cost-benefit analysis; diarrhea; pneumonia; delivery of health care; Nicaragua ID ROTAVIRUS VACCINATION; LATIN-AMERICA; COUNTRIES; QUALITY AB Objective. To determine the costs and cost-effectiveness of an intervention to improve quality of care for children with diarrhea or pneumonia in 14 hospitals in Nicaragua, based on expenditure data and impact measures. Methods. Hospital length of stay (LOS) and deaths were abstracted from a random sample of 1 294 clinical records completed at seven of the 14 participating hospitals before the intervention (2003) and 1 505 records completed after two years of intervention implementation ("post-intervention"; 2006). Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were derived from outcome data. Hospitalization costs were calculated based on hospital and Ministry of Health records and private sector data. Intervention costs came from project accounting records. Decision-tree analysis was used to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness. Results. Average LOS decreased from 3.87 and 4.23 days pre-intervention to 3.55 and 3.94 days post-intervention for diarrhea (P = 0.078) and pneumonia (P = 0.055), respectively. Case fatalities decreased from 45/10 000 and 34/10 000 pre-intervention to 30/10 000 and 27/10 000 post-intervention for diarrhea (P = 0.062) and pneumonia (P = 0.37), respectively. Average total hospitalization and antibiotic costs for both diagnoses were US$ 451 (95% credibility interval [CI]: US$ 419-US$ 482) pre-intervention and US$ 437 (95% CI: US$ 402-US$ 464) post-intervention. The intervention was cost-saving in terms of DALYs (95% CI: -US$ 522US$ 32 per DALY averted) and cost US$ 21 per hospital day averted (95% CI: -US$ 45US$ 204). Conclusions. After two years of intervention implementation, LOS and deaths for diarrhea decreased, along with LOS for pneumonia, with no increase in hospitalization costs. If these changes were entirely attributable to the intervention, it would be cost-saving. C1 [Broughton, Edward I.; Gomez, Ivonne; Nunez, Oscar; Wong, Yudy] Univ Res Co LLC, US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth Care Improvement Project, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Broughton, EI (reprint author), Univ Res Co LLC, US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth Care Improvement Project, Bethesda, MD USA. EM ebrought@jhsph.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD NOV PY 2011 VL 30 IS 5 BP 453 EP 460 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 893JL UT WOS:000300352100008 PM 22262272 ER PT J AU Curran, K Njeuhmeli, E Mirelman, A Dickson, K Adamu, T Cherutich, P Mahler, H Fimbo, B Mavuso, TK Albertini, J Fitzgerald, L Bock, N Reed, J Castor, D Stanton, D AF Curran, Kelly Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Mirelman, Andrew Dickson, Kim Adamu, Tigistu Cherutich, Peter Mahler, Hally Fimbo, Bennett Mavuso, Thembisile Khumalo Albertini, Jennifer Fitzgerald, Laura Bock, Naomi Reed, Jason Castor, Delivette Stanton, David TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Strategies for Meeting the Human Resource Needs of Scale-Up in Southern and Eastern Africa SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV PREVENTION; CRISIS; HEALTH; TRIAL; MEN AB Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces female-to-male HIV transmission by approximately 60%; modeling suggests that scaling up VMMC to 80% of men 15- to 49-years-old within five years would avert over 3.3 million new HIV infections in 14 high priority countries/regions in southern and eastern Africa by 2025 and would require 20.33 million circumcisions. However, the shortage of health professionals in these countries must be addressed to reach these proposed coverage levels. To identify human resource approaches that are being used to improve VMMC volume and efficiency, we looked at previous literature and conducted a program review. We identified surgical efficiencies, non-surgical efficiencies, task shifting, task sharing, temporary redeployment of public sector staff during VMMC campaign periods, expansion of the health workforce through recruitment of unemployed, recently retired, newly graduating, or on-leave health care workers, and the use of volunteer medical staff from other countries as approaches that address human resource constraints. Case studies from Kenya, Tanzania, and Swaziland illustrate several innovative responses to human resource challenges. Although the shortage of skilled personnel remains a major challenge to the rapid scale-up of VMMC in the 14 African priority countries/regions, health programs throughout the region may be able to replicate or adapt these approaches to scale up VMMC for public health impact. C1 [Curran, Kelly; Adamu, Tigistu] Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD USA. [Curran, Kelly; Mirelman, Andrew] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel; Albertini, Jennifer; Castor, Delivette; Stanton, David] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Dickson, Kim] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Cherutich, Peter] Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS & STI Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mahler, Hally] Jhpiego Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Fimbo, Bennett] Minist Hlth, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Mavuso, Thembisile Khumalo] Minist Hlth, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Fitzgerald, Laura] Jhpiego Swaziland, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Bock, Naomi; Reed, Jason] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Curran, K (reprint author), Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD USA. EM kcurran@jhpiego.net FU USAID [GHS-A-00-08-00002-000]; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX The Tanzania and Swaziland programs described in this paper and the program review itself were funded by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through USAID and implemented by the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP, award # GHS-A-00-08-00002-000) managed by Jhpiego-an affiliate of Johns Hopkins University. The Kenya program is primarily funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and PEPFAR through USAID and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention via various implementing partners. Tanzania's Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Male Circumcision Technical Working Group, the National AIDS Control Program, the Iringa Regional Health Authority, and the health authorities of Iringa Municipal, Iringa District, and Mufindi District played important roles in guiding this work. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 8 IS 11 AR e1001129 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001129 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862ZR UT WOS:000298133100015 PM 22140364 ER PT J AU Dickson, KE Tran, NT Samuelson, JL Njeuhmeli, E Cherutich, P Dick, B Farley, T Ryan, C Hankins, CA AF Dickson, Kim E. Tran, Nhan T. Samuelson, Julia L. Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Cherutich, Peter Dick, Bruce Farley, Tim Ryan, Caroline Hankins, Catherine A. TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: A Framework Analysis of Policy and Program Implementation in Eastern and Southern Africa SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RISK HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; HIV-INFECTED MEN; NEGATIVE MEN; YOUNG MEN; UGANDA; RAKAI; TRANSMISSION; METAANALYSIS; PREVENTION AB Background: Following confirmation of the effectiveness of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention, the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS issued recommendations in 2007. Less than 5 y later, priority countries are at different stages of program scale-up. This paper analyzes the progress towards the scale-up of VMMC programs. It analyzes the adoption of VMMC as an additional HIV prevention strategy and explores the factors may have expedited or hindered the adoption of policies and initial program implementation in priority countries to date. Methods and Findings: VMMCs performed in priority countries between 2008 and 2010 were recorded and used to classify countries into five adopter categories according to the Diffusion of Innovations framework. The main predictors of VMMC program adoption were determined and factors influencing subsequent scale-up explored. By the end of 2010, over 550,000 VMMCs had been performed, representing approximately 3% of the target coverage level in priority countries. The "early adopter" countries developed national VMMC policies and initiated VMMC program implementation soon after the release of the WHO recommendations. However, based on modeling using the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool (DMPPT), only Kenya appears to be on track towards achievement of the DMPPT-estimated 80% coverage goal by 2015, having already achieved 61.5% of the DMPPT target. None of the other countries appear to be on track to achieve their targets. Potential predicators of early adoption of male circumcision programs include having a VMMC focal person, establishing a national policy, having an operational strategy, and the establishment of a pilot program. Conclusions: Early adoption of VMMC policies did not necessarily result in rapid program scale-up. A key lesson is the importance of not only being ready to adopt a new intervention but also ensuring that factors critical to supporting and accelerating scale-up are incorporated into the program. The most successful program had country ownership and sustained leadership to translate research into a national policy and program. C1 [Dickson, Kim E.; Samuelson, Julia L.; Dick, Bruce; Farley, Tim] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Tran, Nhan T.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cherutich, Peter] Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Nairobi, Kenya. [Ryan, Caroline] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Hankins, Catherine A.] Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Dickson, KE (reprint author), WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM Dicksonk@who.int OI Hankins, Catherine/0000-0002-1642-8592 FU WHO; USAID FX This work was funded by WHO and PEPFAR through USAID. The funders (WHO and USAID) had roles in the study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 8 IS 11 AR e1001133 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001133 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862ZR UT WOS:000298133100019 PM 22140368 ER PT J AU Edgil, D Stankard, P Forsythe, S Rech, D Chrouser, K Adamu, T Sakallah, S Thomas, AG Albertini, J Stanton, D Dickson, KE Njeuhmeli, E AF Edgil, Dianna Stankard, Petra Forsythe, Steven Rech, Dino Chrouser, Kristin Adamu, Tigistu Sakallah, Sameer Thomas, Anne Goldzier Albertini, Jennifer Stanton, David Dickson, Kim Eva Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Logistics, Commodities, and Waste Management Requirements for Scale-Up of Services SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; MEN AB Background: The global HIV prevention community is implementing voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs across eastern and southern Africa, with a goal of reaching 80% coverage in adult males by 2015. Successful implementation will depend on the accessibility of commodities essential for VMMC programming and the appropriate allocation of resources to support the VMMC supply chain. For this, the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, has developed a standard list of commodities for VMMC programs. Methods and Findings: This list of commodities was used to inform program planning for a 1-y program to circumcise 152,000 adult men in Swaziland. During this process, additional key commodities were identified, expanding the standard list to include commodities for waste management, HIV counseling and testing, and the treatment of sexually transmitted infections. The approximate costs for the procurement of commodities, management of a supply chain, and waste disposal, were determined for the VMMC program in Swaziland using current market prices of goods and services. Previous costing studies of VMMC programs did not capture supply chain costs, nor the full range of commodities needed for VMMC program implementation or waste management. Our calculations indicate that depending upon the volume of services provided, supply chain and waste management, including commodities and associated labor, contribute between US$58.92 and US$73.57 to the cost of performing one adult male circumcision in Swaziland. Conclusions: Experience with the VMMC program in Swaziland indicates that supply chain and waste management add approximately US$60 per circumcision, nearly doubling the total per procedure cost estimated previously; these additional costs are used to inform the estimate of per procedure costs modeled by Njeuhmeli et al. in "Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Modeling the Impact and Cost of Expanding Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa." Program planners and policy makers should consider the significant contribution of supply chain and waste management to VMMC program costs as they determine future resource needs for VMMC programs. C1 [Edgil, Dianna; Stanton, David; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Stankard, Petra] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Forsythe, Steven] Futures Inst, Glastonbury, CT USA. [Rech, Dino] Ctr HIV & AIDS Prevent Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Chrouser, Kristin; Adamu, Tigistu] Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD USA. [Sakallah, Sameer] Supply Chain Management Syst, Arlington, VA USA. [Thomas, Anne Goldzier] USN, Dept Def HIV AIDS Prevent Program, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Albertini, Jennifer] US Agcy Int Dev, Mbabane, Swaziland. [Dickson, Kim Eva] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Edgil, D (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM dedgil@usaid.gov FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) FX Funding for the execution of this costing analysis was provided by PEPFAR through The Partnership for Supply Chain Management Project (SCMS) and Health Policy Initiative Costing Task Order (HPI CO TO) both funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Technical staff from USAID, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and US Department of Defense was involved in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 8 IS 11 AR e1001128 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001128 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862ZR UT WOS:000298133100014 PM 22140363 ER PT J AU Hankins, C Forsythe, S Njeuhmeli, E AF Hankins, Catherine Forsythe, Steven Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: An Introduction to the Cost, Impact, and Challenges of Accelerated Scaling Up SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV PREVENTION; ACCEPTABILITY; INFECTION; MEN; METAANALYSIS; SYPHILIS; DISEASE; TRIAL; RISK AB Scaling up voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention is cost saving and creates fiscal space in the future that otherwise would have been encumbered by antiretroviral treatment costs. An investment of US$1,500,000,000 between 2011 and 2015 to achieve 80% coverage in 13 priority countries in southern and eastern Africa will result in net savings of US$16,500,000,000. Strong political leadership, country ownership, and stakeholder engagement, along with effective demand creation, community mobilisation, and human resource deployment, are essential. This collection of articles on determining the cost and impact of VMMC for HIV prevention signposts the way forward to scaling up VMMC service delivery safely and efficiently to reap individual-and population-level benefits. C1 [Hankins, Catherine] Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. [Forsythe, Steven] Futures Inst, Glastonbury, CT USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Hankins, C (reprint author), Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. EM hankinsc@unaids.org OI Hankins, Catherine/0000-0002-1642-8592 FU PEPFAR through USAID Health Policy Initiative; UNAIDS FX The funding source for this manuscript is PEPFAR through USAID Health Policy Initiative and UNAIDS. Technical staff from USAID and UNAIDS were involved in the design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of this manuscript. NR 35 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 8 IS 11 AR e1001127 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001127 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862ZR UT WOS:000298133100013 PM 22140362 ER PT J AU Mahler, HR Kileo, B Curran, K Plotkin, M Adamu, T Hellar, A Koshuma, S Nyabenda, S Machaku, M Lukobo-Durrell, M Castor, D Njeuhmeli, E Fimbo, B AF Mahler, Hally R. Kileo, Baldwin Curran, Kelly Plotkin, Marya Adamu, Tigistu Hellar, Augustino Koshuma, Sifuni Nyabenda, Simeon Machaku, Michael Lukobo-Durrell, Mainza Castor, Delivette Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Fimbo, Bennett TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Matching Demand and Supply with Quality and Efficiency in a High-Volume Campaign in Iringa Region, Tanzania SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; MEN AB The government of Tanzania has adopted voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) as an important component of its national HIV prevention strategy and is scaling up VMMC in eight regions nationwide, with the goal of reaching 2.8 million uncircumcised men by 2015. In a 2010 campaign lasting six weeks, five health facilities in Tanzania's Iringa Region performed 10,352 VMMCs, which exceeded the campaign's target by 72%, with an adverse event (AE) rate of 1%. HIV testing was almost universal during the campaign. Through the adoption of approaches designed to improve clinical efficiency-including the use of the forceps-guided surgical method, the use of multiple beds in an assembly line by surgical teams, and task shifting and task sharing-the campaign matched the supply of VMMC services with demand. Community mobilization and bringing client preparation tasks (such as counseling, testing, and client scheduling) out of the facility and into the community helped to generate demand. This case study suggests that a campaign approach can be used to provide high-volume quality VMMC services without compromising client safety, and provides a model for matching supply and demand for VMMC services in other settings. C1 [Mahler, Hally R.; Kileo, Baldwin; Plotkin, Marya; Hellar, Augustino; Nyabenda, Simeon; Machaku, Michael] Jhpiego Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Curran, Kelly; Adamu, Tigistu; Lukobo-Durrell, Mainza] Jhpiego, Baltimore, MD USA. [Castor, Delivette; Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV & AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Fimbo, Bennett] Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. RP Mahler, HR (reprint author), Jhpiego Tanzania, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. EM hmahler@jhpiego.net FU United State Agency for International Development (USAID) [GHS-A-00-08-00002-000] FX This work was funded by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the United State Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by the Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP, award # GHS-A-00-08-00002-000) managed by Jhpiego-an affiliate of Johns Hopkins University. Tanzania's Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Male Circumcision Technical Working Group, the National AIDS Control Program, the Iringa Regional Health Authority, and the health authorities of Iringa Municipal, Iringa District, and Mufindi District played important roles in guiding this work. Technical staff from USAID was involved in study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 8 IS 11 AR e1001131 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001131 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862ZR UT WOS:000298133100017 PM 22140366 ER PT J AU Mwandi, Z Murphy, A Reed, J Chesang, K Njeuhmeli, E Agot, K Llewellyn, E Kirui, C Serrem, K Abuya, I Loolpapit, M Mbayaki, R Kiriro, N Cherutich, P Muraguri, N Motoku, J Kioko, J Knight, N Bock, N AF Mwandi, Zebedee Murphy, Anne Reed, Jason Chesang, Kipruto Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Agot, Kawango Llewellyn, Emma Kirui, Charles Serrem, Kennedy Abuya, Isaac Loolpapit, Mores Mbayaki, Regina Kiriro, Ndungu Cherutich, Peter Muraguri, Nicholas Motoku, John Kioko, Jack Knight, Nancy Bock, Naomi TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Translating Research into the Rapid Expansion of Services in Kenya, 2008-2011 SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HIV PREVENTION; TRIAL; MEN AB Since the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS recommended implementation of medical male circumcision (MC) as part of HIV prevention in areas with low MC and high HIV prevalence rates in 2007, the government of Kenya has developed a strategy to circumcise 80% of uncircumcised men within five years. To facilitate the quick translation of research to practice, a national MC task force was formed in 2007, a medical MC policy was implemented in early 2008, and Nyanza Province, the region with the highest HIV burden and low rates of circumcision, was prioritized for services under the direction of a provincial voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) task force. The government's early and continuous engagement with community leaders/elders, politicians, youth, and women's groups has led to the rapid endorsement and acceptance of VMMC. In addition, several innovative approaches have helped to optimize VMMC scale-up. Since October 2008, the Kenyan VMMC program has circumcised approximately 290,000 men, mainly in Nyanza Province, an accomplishment made possible through a combination of governmental leadership, a documented implementation strategy, and the adoption of appropriate and innovative approaches. Kenya's success provides a model for others planning VMMC scale-up programs. C1 [Mwandi, Zebedee; Chesang, Kipruto; Knight, Nancy] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Nairobi, Kenya. [Murphy, Anne] US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. [Reed, Jason; Bock, Naomi] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Agot, Kawango] Impact Res & Dev Org, Kisumu, Kenya. [Llewellyn, Emma] Nyanza Reprod Hlth Soc, Kisumu, Kenya. [Kirui, Charles] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Family AIDS Serv, Nairobi, Kenya. [Serrem, Kennedy] Catholic Med Missions Board, Nairobi, Kenya. [Abuya, Isaac] C Change Commun Change, Nairobi, Kenya. [Loolpapit, Mores] Family Hlth Int, Nairobi, Kenya. [Mbayaki, Regina] Engender Hlth APHIA II Nyanza, Kisumu, Kenya. [Kiriro, Ndungu] Populat Serv Int, Nairobi, Kenya. [Cherutich, Peter; Muraguri, Nicholas] Kenya Natl AIDS & STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. [Motoku, John] Eastern Deanery AIDS Response Program, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kioko, Jack] Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Kisumu, Kenya. [Kirui, Charles] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Care Educ Serv, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Mwandi, Z (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global HIV AIDS, Nairobi, Kenya. EM zmwandi@ke.cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; USAID FX This work was funded by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and USAID, and implemented by various PEPFAR partners in Kenya. Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, NASCOP and the health authorities of Nyanza province and all District played important roles in guiding this work. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 19 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 8 IS 11 AR e1001130 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001130 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862ZR UT WOS:000298133100016 PM 22140365 ER PT J AU Njeuhmeli, E Forsythe, S Reed, J Opuni, M Bollinger, L Heard, N Castor, D Stover, J Farley, T Menon, V Hankins, C AF Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel Forsythe, Steven Reed, Jason Opuni, Marjorie Bollinger, Lori Heard, Nathan Castor, Delivette Stover, John Farley, Timothy Menon, Veena Hankins, Catherine TI Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Modeling the Impact and Cost of Expanding Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RISK HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ADULT MALE CIRCUMCISION; FEMALE PARTNERS; NEGATIVE MEN; INFECTED MEN; YOUNG MEN; UGANDA; RAKAI AB Background: There is strong evidence showing that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces HIV incidence in men. To inform the VMMC policies and goals of 13 priority countries in eastern and southern Africa, we estimate the impact and cost of scaling up adult VMMC using updated, country-specific data. Methods and Findings: We use the Decision Makers' Program Planning Tool (DMPPT) to model the impact and cost of scaling up adult VMMC in Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Nyanza Province in Kenya. We use epidemiologic and demographic data from recent household surveys for each country. The cost of VMMC ranges from US$65.85 to US$95.15 per VMMC performed, based on a cost assessment of VMMC services aligned with the World Health Organization's considerations of models for optimizing volume and efficiencies. Results from the DMPPT models suggest that scaling up adult VMMC to reach 80% coverage in the 13 countries by 2015 would entail performing 20.34 million circumcisions between 2011 and 2015 and an additional 8.42 million between 2016 and 2025 (to maintain the 80% coverage). Such a scale-up would result in averting 3.36 million new HIV infections through 2025. In addition, while the model shows that this scale-up would cost a total of US$2 billion between 2011 and 2025, it would result in net savings (due to averted treatment and care costs) amounting to US$16.51 billion. Conclusions: This study suggests that rapid scale-up of VMMC in eastern and southern Africa is warranted based on the likely impact on the region's HIV epidemics and net savings. Scaling up of safe VMMC in eastern and southern Africa will lead to a substantial reduction in HIV infections in the countries and lower health system costs through averted HIV care costs. C1 [Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel; Castor, Delivette] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Forsythe, Steven; Bollinger, Lori; Stover, John] Futures Inst, Glastonbury, CT USA. [Reed, Jason] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Opuni, Marjorie] UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. [Heard, Nathan] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Farley, Timothy] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Menon, Veena] Futures Grp Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Hankins, Catherine] Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Njeuhmeli, E (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM enjeuhmeli@usaid.gov OI Hankins, Catherine/0000-0002-1642-8592 FU USAID Health Policy Initiative; UNAIDS (through the Technical Support Facility (TSF)) FX This work was funded by PEPFAR (through the USAID Health Policy Initiative) and UNAIDS (through the Technical Support Facility (TSF)). Technical staff from USAID (EN, DC), CDC (JR), WHO (TF), and UNAIDS (CH) had a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD NOV PY 2011 VL 8 IS 11 AR e1001132 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001132 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 862ZR UT WOS:000298133100018 PM 22140367 ER PT J AU O'Meara, WP Smith, N Ekal, E Cole, D Ndege, S AF O'Meara, Wendy Prudhomme Smith, Nathan Ekal, Emmanuel Cole, Donald Ndege, Samson TI Spatial Distribution of Bednet Coverage under Routine Distribution through the Public Health Sector in a Rural District in Kenya SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN KENYA; SOUTHERN TANZANIA; MALARIA MORBIDITY; CHILD-MORTALITY; MOSQUITO NETS; INSECTICIDE; OWNERSHIP; DETERMINANTS; SUBSIDIES; DISEASE AB Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are one of the most important and cost-effective tools for malaria control. Maximizing individual and community benefit from ITNs requires high population-based coverage. Several mechanisms are used to distribute ITNs, including health facility-based targeted distribution to high-risk groups; community-based mass distribution; social marketing with or without private sector subsidies; and integrating ITN delivery with other public health interventions. The objective of this analysis is to describe bednet coverage in a district in western Kenya where the primary mechanism for distribution is to pregnant women and infants who attend antenatal and immunization clinics. We use data from a population-based census to examine the extent of, and factors correlated with, ownership of bednets. We use both multivariable logistic regression and spatial techniques to explore the relationship between household bednet ownership and sociodemographic and geographic variables. We show that only 21% of households own any bednets, far lower than the national average, and that ownership is not significantly higher amongst pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. We also show that coverage is spatially heterogeneous with less than 2% of the population residing in zones with adequate coverage to experience indirect effects of ITN protection. C1 [O'Meara, Wendy Prudhomme] Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [O'Meara, Wendy Prudhomme; Smith, Nathan] Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA. [O'Meara, Wendy Prudhomme; Ndege, Samson] Moi Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Nutr, Eldoret, Kenya. [O'Meara, Wendy Prudhomme; Ndege, Samson] US Agcy Int Dev Acad Model Providing Access Healt, Eldoret, Kenya. [Ekal, Emmanuel] Minist Publ Hlth & Sanitat, Nairobi, Kenya. [Cole, Donald] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Div Global Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP O'Meara, WP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM wendypomeara@gmail.com RI Borrmann, Steffen/G-1838-2013; Cole, Donald /K-1040-2013 OI Borrmann, Steffen/0000-0001-9189-4393; Cole, Donald /0000-0002-1009-603X FU Abbott Laboratories; Purpleville Foundation; Global Business Coalition; Bungoma East district FX The HCT programme was made possible through grants from Abbott Laboratories, the Purpleville Foundation and the Global Business Coalition. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; We would like to acknowledge A. Noor (KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Nairobi) for providing us with GPS coordinates for health facilities and R. Anthopolos (Children's Environmental Health Initiative, Duke University) for assistance with the cluster analysis. Special thanks to the communities and community leaders of Bungoma East district, the community mobilizers and counselors, as well as all the staff who support HCT. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 12 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e25949 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025949 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834PW UT WOS:000295976000050 PM 22022481 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Tamminga, C McGrath, S House, B Ganeshan, H Lejano, J Abot, E Banania, GJ Sayo, R Farooq, F Belmonte, M Manohar, N Richie, NO Wood, C Long, CA Regis, D Williams, FT Shi, M Chuang, I Spring, M Epstein, JE Mendoza-Silveiras, J Limbach, K Patterson, NB Bruder, JT Doolan, DL King, CR Soisson, L Diggs, C Carucci, D Dutta, S Hollingdale, MR Ockenhouse, CF Richie, TL AF Sedegah, Martha Tamminga, Cindy McGrath, Shannon House, Brent Ganeshan, Harini Lejano, Jennylynn Abot, Esteban Banania, Glenna J. Sayo, Renato Farooq, Fouzia Belmonte, Maria Manohar, Nalini Richie, Nancy O. Wood, Chloe Long, Carole A. Regis, David Williams, Francis T. Shi, Meng Chuang, Ilin Spring, Michele Epstein, Judith E. Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose Limbach, Keith Patterson, Noelle B. Bruder, Joseph T. Doolan, Denise L. King, C. Richter Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Carucci, Daniel Dutta, Sheetij Hollingdale, Michael R. Ockenhouse, Christian F. Richie, Thomas L. TI Adenovirus 5-Vectored P. falciparum Vaccine Expressing CSP and AMA1. Part A: Safety and Immunogenicity in Seronegative Adults SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; T-CELL EPITOPES; CANDIDATE MALARIA VACCINE; PLASMODIUM-BERGHEI SPOROZOITES; NATURAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PRIME-BOOST REGIMENS; BLOOD-STAGE MALARIA; PHASE I/IIA SAFETY; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY AB Background: Models of immunity to malaria indicate the importance of CD8+ T cell responses for targeting intrahepatic stages and antibodies for targeting sporozoite and blood stages. We designed a multistage adenovirus 5 (Ad5)-vectored Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, aiming to induce both types of responses in humans, that was tested for safety and immunogenicity in a Phase 1 dose escalation trial in Ad5-seronegative volunteers. Methodology/Principal Findings: The NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA vaccine combines two adenovectors encoding circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1). Group 1 (n = 6) healthy volunteers received one intramuscular injection of 2x10(boolean AND) 10 particle units (1610(boolean AND) 10 each construct) and Group 2 (n = 6) a five-fold higher dose. Transient, mild to moderate adverse events were more pronounced with the higher dose. ELISpot responses to CSP and AMA1 peaked at 1 month, were higher in the low dose (geomean CSP = 422, AMA1 = 862 spot forming cells/million) than in the high dose (CSP = 154, p = 0.049, AMA1 = 423, p = 0.045) group and were still positive at 12 months in a number of volunteers. ELISpot depletion assays identified dependence on CD4+ or on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with few responses dependent only on CD8+ T cells. Intracellular cytokine staining detected stronger CD8+ than CD4+ T cell IFN-gamma responses (CSP p = 0.0001, AMA1 p = 0.003), but similar frequencies of multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells secreting two or more of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha or IL-2. Median fluorescence intensities were 7-10 fold higher in triple than single secreting cells. Antibody responses were low but trended higher in the high dose group and did not inhibit growth of cultured P. falciparum blood stage parasites. Significance: As found in other trials, adenovectored vaccines appeared safe and well-tolerated at doses up to 1x10(boolean AND) 11 particle units. This is the first demonstration in humans of a malaria vaccine eliciting strong CD8+ T cell IFN-gamma responses. C1 [Sedegah, Martha; Tamminga, Cindy; House, Brent; Ganeshan, Harini; Lejano, Jennylynn; Abot, Esteban; Banania, Glenna J.; Sayo, Renato; Farooq, Fouzia; Belmonte, Maria; Manohar, Nalini; Regis, David; Chuang, Ilin; Epstein, Judith E.; Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose; Limbach, Keith; Patterson, Noelle B.; Doolan, Denise L.; Carucci, Daniel; Richie, Thomas L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McGrath, Shannon; Richie, Nancy O.; Wood, Chloe; Spring, Michele; Dutta, Sheetij; Ockenhouse, Christian F.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McGrath, Shannon; Richie, Nancy O.; Wood, Chloe; Dutta, Sheetij] Clin Res Management, Hinckley, OH USA. [Ganeshan, Harini; Lejano, Jennylynn; Abot, Esteban; Banania, Glenna J.; Sayo, Renato; Farooq, Fouzia; Belmonte, Maria; Manohar, Nalini; Spring, Michele; Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose; Limbach, Keith; Patterson, Noelle B.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. [Long, Carole A.] NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Williams, Francis T.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Shi, Meng] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Med Audio Visual Lib & Stat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Shi, Meng] Allied Technol Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Bruder, Joseph T.; King, C. Richter] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Hollingdale, Michael R.] NMRC, Malaria Dept, USMMVP, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Sedegah, M (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Martha.Sedegah@med.navy.mil RI Belmonte, Maria/A-8032-2011; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU Pfizer Australia; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program [W81XWH-05-2-0041] FX SM NOR CW worked for Clinical Research Management and performed some of the experiments, JTB CRK worked for GenVec and helped design the vaccine. DLD held a Pfizer Australia Senior Research Fellowship and helped design the vaccine. The following funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript: Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program "Development of Recombinant Adenoviral-based Vaccines against Malaria'' Grant #: W81XWH-05-2-0041. Website:https://cdmrp.org. Military Infectious ResearcCongressionally Directed Medical Research Programh Program "Phase 1/2a clinical trials assessing the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity & protective efficacy of Ad5-CA, a two-antigen, adenovirus-vectored Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, in healthy, malaria-naive adults'', work unit. Website: https://midrp.amedd.army.mil. NR 83 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 7 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e24586 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024586 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834OC UT WOS:000295970300004 PM 22003383 ER PT J AU Tamminga, C Sedegah, M Regis, D Chuang, I Epstein, JE Spring, M Mendoza-Silveiras, J McGrath, S Maiolatesi, S Reyes, S Steinbeiss, V Fedders, C Smith, K House, B Ganeshan, H Lejano, J Abot, E Banania, GJ Sayo, R Farooq, F Belmonte, M Murphy, J Komisar, J Williams, J Shi, M Brambilla, D Manohar, N Richie, NO Wood, C Limbach, K Patterson, NB Bruder, JT Doolan, DL King, CR Diggs, C Soisson, L Carucci, D Levine, G Dutta, S Hollingdale, MR Ockenhouse, CF Richie, TL AF Tamminga, Cindy Sedegah, Martha Regis, David Chuang, Ilin Epstein, Judith E. Spring, Michele Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose McGrath, Shannon Maiolatesi, Santina Reyes, Sharina Steinbeiss, Victoria Fedders, Charlotte Smith, Kathryn House, Brent Ganeshan, Harini Lejano, Jennylynn Abot, Esteban Banania, Glenna J. Sayo, Renato Farooq, Fouzia Belmonte, Maria Murphy, Jittawadee Komisar, Jack Williams, Jackie Shi, Meng Brambilla, Donald Manohar, Nalini Richie, Nancy O. Wood, Chloe Limbach, Keith Patterson, Noelle B. Bruder, Joseph T. Doolan, Denise L. King, C. Richter Diggs, Carter Soisson, Lorraine Carucci, Daniel Levine, Gail Dutta, Sheetij Hollingdale, Michael R. Ockenhouse, Christian F. Richie, Thomas L. TI Adenovirus-5-Vectored P. falciparum Vaccine Expressing CSP and AMA1. Part B: Safety, Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of the CSP Component SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; MALARIA-NAIVE ADULTS; T-CELL RESPONSES; NATURAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BLOOD-STAGE VACCINE; PHASE 2A TRIAL; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; ADENOVIRAL VECTORS AB Background: A protective malaria vaccine will likely need to elicit both cell-mediated and antibody responses. As adenovirus vaccine vectors induce both these responses in humans, a Phase 1/2a clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an adenovirus serotype 5-vectored malaria vaccine against sporozoite challenge. Methodology/Principal Findings: NMRC-MV-Ad-PfC is an adenovirus vector encoding the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 circumsporozoite protein (CSP). It is one component of a two-component vaccine NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA consisting of one adenovector encoding CSP and one encoding apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) that was evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in an earlier study (see companion paper, Sedegah et al). Fourteen Ad5 seropositive or negative adults received two doses of NMRC-MV-Ad-PfC sixteen weeks apart, at 1x1 (0) over cap 10 particle units per dose. The vaccine was safe and well tolerated. All volunteers developed positive ELISpot responses by 28 days after the first immunization (geometric mean 272 spot forming cells/million[sfc/m]) that declined during the following 16 weeks and increased after the second dose to levels that in most cases were less than the initial peak (geometric mean 119 sfc/m). CD8+ predominated over CD4+ responses, as in the first clinical trial. Antibody responses were poor and like ELISpot responses increased after the second immunization but did not exceed the initial peak. Pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to Ad5 did not affect the immunogenicity of the first dose, but the fold increase in NAb induced by the first dose was significantly associated with poorer antibody responses after the second dose, while ELISpot responses remained unaffected. When challenged by the bite of P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes, two of 11 volunteers showed a delay in the time to patency compared to infectivity controls, but no volunteers were sterilely protected. Significance: The NMRC-MV-Ad-PfC vaccine expressing CSP was safe and well tolerated given as two doses, but did not provide sterile protection. C1 [Tamminga, Cindy; Sedegah, Martha; Regis, David; Chuang, Ilin; Epstein, Judith E.; Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose; Maiolatesi, Santina; Reyes, Sharina; Steinbeiss, Victoria; Fedders, Charlotte; Smith, Kathryn; House, Brent; Ganeshan, Harini; Lejano, Jennylynn; Abot, Esteban; Banania, Glenna J.; Sayo, Renato; Farooq, Fouzia; Belmonte, Maria; Shi, Meng; Manohar, Nalini; Limbach, Keith; Patterson, Noelle B.; Doolan, Denise L.; Carucci, Daniel; Richie, Thomas L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Spring, Michele; McGrath, Shannon; Murphy, Jittawadee; Komisar, Jack; Williams, Jackie; Shi, Meng; Richie, Nancy O.; Wood, Chloe; Dutta, Sheetij; Ockenhouse, Christian F.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McGrath, Shannon; Williams, Jackie; Richie, Nancy O.; Wood, Chloe; Dutta, Sheetij] Clin Res Management, Hinckley, OH USA. [Spring, Michele; Mendoza-Silveiras, Jose; Maiolatesi, Santina; Reyes, Sharina; Steinbeiss, Victoria; Fedders, Charlotte; Smith, Kathryn; Ganeshan, Harini; Lejano, Jennylynn; Abot, Esteban; Banania, Glenna J.; Sayo, Renato; Farooq, Fouzia; Belmonte, Maria; Manohar, Nalini; Limbach, Keith; Patterson, Noelle B.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. [Brambilla, Donald] RTI Rockville, Rockville, MD USA. [Bruder, Joseph T.; King, C. Richter] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Diggs, Carter; Soisson, Lorraine] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Levine, Gail] Fdn Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. [Hollingdale, Michael R.] NMRC, USMMVP, Malaria Dept, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Tamminga, C (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM cindy.tamminga@med.navy.mil RI Belmonte, Maria/A-8032-2011; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015; OI Richie, Thomas/0000-0002-2946-5456 FU USAID [GHA-P00-03-00006-01, 936-3118]; Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program [W81XWH-05-2-0041] FX The following funder played a role in study design: CD and LS from USAID: "Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Malaria Vaccines" Grant #: GHA-P00-03-00006-01, PROJECT NUMBER 936-3118. Web site: http://www.usaid.gov. SM, NOR, CW, and SD are employees of Clinical Research Management and performed some of the experiments and SM also participated in writing the manuscript. JTB and CRK employees of GenVec, Inc., and participated in the design of the vaccines. The following funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript: Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program "Development of Recombinant Adenoviral-based Vaccines against Malaria" Grant #: W81XWH-05-2-0041. Website: https://cdmrp.org. Military Infectious Research Program "Phase 1/2a clinical trials assessing the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity & protective efficacy of Ad5-CA, a two-antigen, adenovirus-vectored Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, in healthy, malaria-naive adults", work unit. Website: https://midrp.amedd.army.mil. NR 84 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 7 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 10 AR e25868 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025868 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834OC UT WOS:000295970300034 PM 22003411 ER PT J AU Baker, DP Leon, J Collins, JM AF Baker, David P. Leon, Juan Collins, John M. TI Facts, Attitudes, and Health Reasoning About HIV and AIDS: Explaining the Education Effect on Condom Use Among Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Africa; Education effect; Condom use; Multiple sexual partners; Causal mechanisms ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR CHANGE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; GENERAL INTELLIGENCE; HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC; SOUTH-AFRICA; PREVENTION; RISK; INFECTION; MORTALITY; UGANDA AB In contrast to earlier in the HIV/AIDS pandemic, net of other demographic factors, formal education acts as a preventative factor in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this trend, there has been almost no research on the causal mechanisms behind the widely reported education effect. Consistent with the education effect, structural equation modeling of the influence of education attainment on condom use with Demographic Health Survey data from nine sub-Saharan Africa nations collected between 2003 and 2005 finds that net of control variables, there is a robust, positive influence of education on condom use among sexually risky adults. Information-transfer and attitude change, the two most commonly assumed educational influences on the use of condoms, are tested, and although education attainment increases acquisition of basic facts and the inculcation of positive attitudes about HIV/AIDS, these factors have only weak influence on condom use. Given this, a new hypothesis about education's enhancement of health reasoning is developed from neuro-developmental and decision-making research. Modeling finds that education robustly influences health reasoning ability and this factor mediates a significant proportion of the education effect on condom use. The results raise concern about the enormous effort by NGOs in the region to use mainly fact-and attitude-based educational programs to reduce future HIV infections. Future research on the causal mechanisms behind the association between education and HIV/AIDS prevention should focus how on schooling enhances the cognitive skills needed for health reasoning. C1 [Baker, David P.; Leon, Juan] Penn State Univ, Populat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Baker, David P.; Leon, Juan] Penn State Univ, Dept Educ Policy, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Collins, John M.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Baker, DP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Populat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. EM dpb4@psu.edu; jjl292@psu.edu NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS Behav. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1319 EP 1327 DI 10.1007/s10461-010-9717-9 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 825KA UT WOS:000295271200004 PM 20544383 ER PT J AU Brewinski, M Megazzini, K Hance, LF Cruz, MC Pavia-Ruz, N Della Negra, M Ferreira, FGF Marques, H Hazra, R AF Brewinski, Margaret Megazzini, Karen Hance, Laura Freimanis Cashat Cruz, Miguel Pavia-Ruz, Noris Della Negra, Marinella Faleiro Ferreira, Flavia Gomes Marques, Heloisa Hazra, Rohan CA NISDI Pediat Study Grp 2010 TI Dyslipidemia in a Cohort of HIV-infected Latin American Children Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy* SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HIV; cholesterol; triglycerides; pediatric ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; YOUNG; ASSOCIATION; CHILDHOOD; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DISEASE; OBESITY AB In order to describe the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in a cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents in Latin America and to determine associations with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we performed this cross-sectional analysis within the NICHD International Site Development Initiative pediatric cohort study. Eligible children had to be at least 2 years of age and be on HAART. Among the 477 eligible HIV-infected youth, 98 (20.5%) had hypercholesterolemia and 140 (29.4%) had hypertriglyceridemia. In multivariable analyses, children receiving protease inhibitor (PI)-containing HAART were at increased risk for hypercholesterolemia [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-5.6] and hypertriglyceridemia (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.9-6.4) compared with children receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing HAART. In conclusion, HIV-infected youth receiving PI-containing HAART in this Latin American cohort were at increased risk for hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia compared with those receiving NNRTI-containing HAART. C1 [Hazra, Rohan] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, Ctr Res Mothers & Children, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Brewinski, Margaret] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Megazzini, Karen; Hance, Laura Freimanis] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Cashat Cruz, Miguel; Pavia-Ruz, Noris] Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Dept Infectol, Clin Inmunodeficiencias, Federico Gomez 06720, Mexico. [Della Negra, Marinella] Inst Infectol Emilio Ribas, BR-02146900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Faleiro Ferreira, Flavia Gomes] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Med, BR-30130100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Marques, Heloisa] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Crianca HCFM, BR-05403900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Hazra, R (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, Ctr Res Mothers & Children, NIH, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 4B11, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM hazrar@mail.nih.gov RI Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa/G-6568-2012 FU National Institutes of Health (NICHD) [HHSN2672008 00001C, N01-HD-3-3345, N01-HD-8-0001] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NICHD Contract # HHSN2672008 00001C [NICHD Control #: N01-HD-3-3345 and N01-HD-8-0001]). NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-6338 J9 J TROP PEDIATRICS JI J. Trop. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 57 IS 5 BP 324 EP 332 DI 10.1093/tropej/fmq089 PG 9 WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine GA 828VU UT WOS:000295532600003 PM 20889625 ER PT J AU Furlow, J Smith, JB Anderson, G Breed, W Padgham, J AF Furlow, John Smith, Joel B. Anderson, Glen Breed, William Padgham, Jon TI Building resilience to climate change through development assistance: USAID's climate adaptation program SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article AB The topics of climate change and of what to do about it have been the subject of discussion for over two decades. Much of the focus has been on mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to reduce the rate and magnitude of changes. Adapting to the impacts of those changes has received much less attention. In recent years, the development assistance community has recognized that climate change poses a stress on economic and social development in poor countries and has turned its attention to addressing climate stress. The US Agency for International Development developed a methodology of working with stakeholders to identify sources of climate related vulnerability and approaches to reducing that vulnerability. The methodology was developed iteratively with several pilot studies looking at vulnerability and adaptation in different sectors and settings. C1 [Furlow, John; Breed, William] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Smith, Joel B.] Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Anderson, Glen] Int Resources Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Padgham, Jon] Int Start Secretariat, Washington, DC USA. RP Furlow, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jfurlow@usaid.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2011 VL 108 IS 3 BP 411 EP 421 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0127-4 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 822HE UT WOS:000295033800001 ER PT J AU Smith, JB Strzepek, KM Cardini, J Castaneda, M Holland, J Quiroz, C Wigley, TML Herrero, J Hearne, P Furlow, J AF Smith, Joel B. Strzepek, Kenneth M. Cardini, Julio Castaneda, Mario Holland, Julie Quiroz, Carlos Wigley, Tom M. L. Herrero, Jose Hearne, Peter Furlow, John TI Coping with climate variability and climate change in La Ceiba, Honduras SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED HURRICANE INTENSITY; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; CHOICE; MODEL AB La Ceiba, Honduras, a city of about 200,000 people, lies along the Caribbean Sea, nestled against a mountain range and the Rio Cangrejal. The city faces three flooding risks: routine flooding of city streets due to the lack of a stormwater drainage system; occasional major flooding of the Rio Cangrejal, which flows through the city; and flooding from heavy rainfall events and storm surges associated with tropical cyclones. In this study, we applied a method developed for the U.S. Agency for International Development and then worked with stakeholders in La Ceiba to understand climate change risks and evaluate adaptation alternatives. We estimated the impacts of climate change on the current flooding risks and on efforts to mitigate the flooding problems. The climate change scenarios, which addressed sea level rise and flooding, were based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates of sea level rise (Houghton et al. 2001) and published literature linking changes in temperature to more intense precipitation (Trenberth et al., Bull Am Meteorol Soc, 84:1205-1217, 2003) and hurricanes (Knutson and Tuleya, J Clim, 17:3477-3495, 2004). Using information from Trenberth et al., Bull Am Meteorol Soc, 84:1205-1217, (2003) and Knutson and Tuleya, J Clim, 17:3477-3495, 2004, we scaled intense precipitation and hurricane wind speed based on projected temperature increases. We estimated the volume of precipitation in intense events to increase by 2 to 4% in 2025 and by 6 to 14% by 2050. A 13% increase in intense precipitation, the high scenario for 2050, could increase peak 5-year flood flows by about 60%. Building an enhanced urban drainage system that could cope with the estimated increased flooding would cost one-third more than building a system to handle current climate conditions, but would avoid costlier reconstruction in the future. The flow of the Rio Cangrejal would increase by one-third from more intense hurricanes. The costs of raising levees to protect the population from increased risks from climate change would be about $1 million. The coast west of downtown La Ceiba is the most vulnerable to sea level rise and storm surges. It is relatively undeveloped, but is projected to have rapid development. Setbacks on coastal construction in that area may limit risks. The downtown coastline is also at risk and may need to be protected with groins and sand pumping. Stakeholders in La Ceiba concluded that addressing problems of urban drainage should be a top priority. They emphasized improved management of the Rio Cangrejal watershed and improved storm warnings to cope with risks from extreme precipitation and cyclones. Adoption of risk management principles and effective land use management could also help reduce risks from current climate and climate change. C1 [Smith, Joel B.] Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Strzepek, Kenneth M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cardini, Julio] Serman & Associates SA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Cardini, Julio] Natl Technol Univ, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Castaneda, Mario] Polytech Univ Engn UPI, Inst Geosci, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. [Holland, Julie] ABPmer, Southampton, Hants, England. [Quiroz, Carlos] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wigley, Tom M. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Herrero, Jose] Fdn Cuero & Salado, La Ceiba, Honduras. [Hearne, Peter] US Agcy Int Dev, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. [Furlow, John] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Smith, JB (reprint author), Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO USA. EM jsmith@stratusconsulting.com NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 2011 VL 108 IS 3 BP 457 EP 470 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0161-2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 822HE UT WOS:000295033800004 ER PT J AU Mantell, JE Smit, JA Beksinska, M Scorgie, F Milford, C Balch, E Mabude, Z Smith, E Adams-Skinner, J Exner, TM Hoffman, S Stein, ZA AF Mantell, Joanne E. Smit, Jennifer A. Beksinska, Mags Scorgie, Fiona Milford, Cecilia Balch, Erin Mabude, Zonke Smith, Emily Adams-Skinner, Jessica Exner, Theresa M. Hoffman, Susie Stein, Zena A. TI Everywhere you go, everyone is saying condom, condom. But are they being used consistently? Reflections of South African male students about male and female condom use SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; ADOLESCENT WOMEN; HETEROSEXUAL MEN; STEPPING STONES; RISK BEHAVIORS; HIV PREVALENCE; YOUNG-ADULTS AB Young men in South Africa can play a critical role in preventing new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, yet are seldom targeted for HIV prevention. While reported condom use at last sex has increased considerably among young people, consistent condom use remains a challenge. In this study, 74 male higher education students gave their perspectives on male and female condoms in 10 focus group discussions. All believed that condoms should be used when wanting to prevent conception and protect against HIV, although many indicated that consistent condom use was seldom attained, if at all. Three possible situations for not using condoms were noted: (i) when sex happens in the heat of the moment and condoms are unavailable, (ii) when sexual partnerships have matured and (iii) when female partners implicitly accept unprotected sex. Men viewed it as their responsibility to have male condoms available, but attitudes about whose decision it was to initiate condom use were mixed. Almost all sexually active men had male condom experience; however, very few had used female condoms. Prevention initiatives should challenge traditional gendered norms that underpin poor condom uptake and continued use and build on the apparent shifts in these norms that are allowing women greater sexual agency. C1 [Mantell, Joanne E.; Smith, Emily; Adams-Skinner, Jessica; Exner, Theresa M.; Hoffman, Susie; Stein, Zena A.] New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Dept Psychiat, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Smit, Jennifer A.; Beksinska, Mags; Scorgie, Fiona; Milford, Cecilia; Mabude, Zonke] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, ZA-4110 Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. [Smit, Jennifer A.; Beksinska, Mags; Mabude, Zonke] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Reprod Hlth & HIV Res Unit, ZA-2001 Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. [Smit, Jennifer A.] Univ Kwazulu Natal, Sch Pharm & Pharmacol, ZA-4001 Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. [Balch, Erin] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hoffman, Susie] Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Joseph Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Stein, Zena A.] Columbia Univ, Joseph Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, GH Sergievsky Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Mantell, JE (reprint author), New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Dept Psychiat, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM jem57@columbia.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD046351, R01 HD046351]; NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH043520, P30-MH43520] NR 72 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD OCT PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5 BP 859 EP 871 DI 10.1093/her/cyr041 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 819FB UT WOS:000294809700009 PM 21693684 ER PT J AU Reis, J Culver, TB McCartney, M Lautze, J Kibret, S AF Reis, Julia Culver, Teresa B. McCartney, Matthew Lautze, Jonathan Kibret, Solomon TI Water resources implications of integrating malaria control into the operation of an Ethiopian dam SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT; TIGRAY; BURDEN AB This paper investigates the water resources implications of using a method of hydrological control to reduce malaria around the Koka reservoir in central Ethiopia. This method is based on recent findings that malaria is transmitted from the shoreline of the Koka reservoir, and on a similar method that was used to control malaria some 80 yr ago in the United States. To assess the feasibility of implementing hydrological control at Koka, we considered the potential impact of the modified management regime on the benefits derived from current uses of the reservoir water (i.e., hydropower, irrigation, flood control, water supply, and downstream environmental flows). We used the HEC-ResSim model to simulate lowering the reservoir by a rate designed to disrupt larval development, which is expected to reduce the abundance of adult mosquito vectors and therefore reduce malaria transmission during the season in which transmission of the disease peaks. A comparison was made of major reservoir uses with and without the malaria control measure. In the 26-yr simulation, application of the malaria control measure increased total average annual electricity generation from 87.6 GWh x y(-1) to 92.2 GWh x y(-1) (i.e., a 5.3% increase) but resulted in a small decline in firm power generation (i.e., guaranteed at 99.5% reliability) from 4.16 MW to 4.15 MW (i.e., a 0.2% decrease). Application of the malaria control measure did not impact the ability of the reservoir to meet downstream irrigation demand and reduced the number of days of downstream flooding from 28 to 24 d. These results indicate that targeted use of hydrological control for malaria vector management could be undertaken without sacrificing the key benefits of reservoir operation. C1 [Reis, Julia; Culver, Teresa B.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Kibret, Solomon] Addis Continental Inst Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Lautze, Jonathan] Int Water Management Inst, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Lautze, Jonathan] USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [McCartney, Matthew] Int Water Management Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Reis, J (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Thornton Hall B228,351 McCormick Rd,POB 400742, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM tbc4e@virginia.edu RI Culver, Teresa/B-3128-2009; OI Kibret, Solomon/0000-0003-1793-6908 FU fellowship Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN); Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research FX This research was partially supported by the fellowship Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) and from the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research, Challenge Program for Water and Food. We thank Paul Kirshen of Battelle Memorial Institute for suggesting this modeling study. Beth Faber and others at the US Army Corps of Engineers provided expert knowledge of reservoir management and assistance in using their program HEC-ResSim. We also thank the Ethiopian Electric and Power Corporation for provision of hydrological data. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 28 PY 2011 VL 47 AR W09530 DI 10.1029/2010WR010166 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 829UQ UT WOS:000295610200002 ER PT J AU Gray, RH Shelton, J Serwadda, D Wawer, MJ Nalugoda, F Ssempiija, V AF Gray, Ronald H. Shelton, James Serwadda, David Wawer, Maria J. Nalugoda, Fred Ssempiija, Victor TI The contribution of HIV-discordant relationships to new HIV infections SO AIDS LA English DT Letter C1 [Gray, Ronald H.; Wawer, Maria J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Shelton, James] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Serwadda, David] Makarere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. [Serwadda, David; Nalugoda, Fred; Ssempiija, Victor] Rakai Hlth Sci Program, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Gray, RH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM rgray@jhsph.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 24 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 15 BP 1932 EP 1933 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834ad67f PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 821AP UT WOS:000294947500018 ER PT J AU Thera, MA Doumbo, OK Coulibaly, D Laurens, MB Ouattara, A Kone, AK Guindo, AB Traore, K Traore, I Kouriba, B Diallo, DA Diarra, I Daou, M Dolo, A Tolo, Y Sissoko, MS Niangaly, A Sissoko, M Takala-Harrison, S Lyke, KE Wu, YK Blackwelder, WC Godeaux, O Vekemans, J Dubois, MC Ballou, WR Cohen, J Thompson, D Dube, T Soisson, L Diggs, CL House, B Lanar, DE Dutta, S Heppner, DG Plowe, CV AF Thera, Mahamadou A. Doumbo, Ogobara K. Coulibaly, Drissa Laurens, Matthew B. Ouattara, Amed Kone, Abdoulaye K. Guindo, Ando B. Traore, Karim Traore, Idrissa Kouriba, Bourema Diallo, Dapa A. Diarra, Issa Daou, Modibo Dolo, Amagana Tolo, Youssouf Sissoko, Mahamadou S. Niangaly, Amadou Sissoko, Mady Takala-Harrison, Shannon Lyke, Kirsten E. Wu, Yukun Blackwelder, William C. Godeaux, Olivier Vekemans, Johan Dubois, Marie-Claude Ballou, W. Ripley Cohen, Joe Thompson, Darby Dube, Tina Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter L. House, Brent Lanar, David E. Dutta, Sheetij Heppner, D. Gray, Jr. Plowe, Christopher V. TI A Field Trial to Assess a Blood-Stage Malaria Vaccine SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN VACCINE; INSTITUTE-OF-RESEARCH; EFFICACY; IMMUNOGENICITY; CHILDREN; SAFETY; ADULTS; CANDIDATE AB Background Blood-stage malaria vaccines are intended to prevent clinical disease. The malaria vaccine FMP2.1/AS02(A), a recombinant protein based on apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) from the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, has previously been shown to have immunogenicity and acceptable safety in Malian adults and children. Methods In a double-blind, randomized trial, we immunized 400 Malian children with either the malaria vaccine or a control (rabies) vaccine and followed them for 6 months. The primary end point was clinical malaria, defined as fever and at least 2500 parasites per cubic millimeter of blood. A secondary end point was clinical malaria caused by parasites with the AMA1 DNA sequence found in the vaccine strain. Results The cumulative incidence of the primary end point was 48.4% in the malaria-vaccine group and 54.4% in the control group; efficacy against the primary end point was 17.4% (hazard ratio for the primary end point, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 1.09; P=0.18). Efficacy against the first and subsequent episodes of clinical malaria, as defined on the basis of various parasite-density thresholds, was approximately 20%. Efficacy against clinical malaria caused by parasites with AMA1 corresponding to that of the vaccine strain was 64.3% (hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.86; P=0.03). Local reactions and fever after vaccination were more frequent with the malaria vaccine. Conclusions On the basis of the primary end point, the malaria vaccine did not provide significant protection against clinical malaria, but on the basis of secondary results, it may have strain-specific efficacy. If this finding is confirmed, AMA1 might be useful in a multicomponent malaria vaccine. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00460525.) C1 [Laurens, Matthew B.; Ouattara, Amed; Takala-Harrison, Shannon; Lyke, Kirsten E.; Wu, Yukun; Blackwelder, William C.; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Thera, Mahamadou A.; Doumbo, Ogobara K.; Coulibaly, Drissa; Ouattara, Amed; Kone, Abdoulaye K.; Guindo, Ando B.; Traore, Karim; Traore, Idrissa; Kouriba, Bourema; Diallo, Dapa A.; Diarra, Issa; Daou, Modibo; Dolo, Amagana; Tolo, Youssouf; Sissoko, Mahamadou S.; Niangaly, Amadou; Sissoko, Mady] Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Godeaux, Olivier; Vekemans, Johan; Dubois, Marie-Claude; Ballou, W. Ripley; Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Thompson, Darby; Dube, Tina] EMMES, Rockville, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [House, Brent; Lanar, David E.; Dutta, Sheetij; Heppner, D. Gray, Jr.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Plowe, CV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ctr Vaccine Dev, 685 W Baltimore St,HSF1-480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM cplowe@medicine.umaryland.edu RI Wu, Yukun/G-4292-2012; Laurens, Matthew/E-7293-2013 OI Laurens, Matthew/0000-0003-3874-581X FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [NCT00460525, N01AI85346, U19AI065683, HH-SN272200800013C]; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health [D43TW001589]; Department of Defense [W81XWH-06-1-0427]; U.S. Agency for International Development for site development; U.S. Agency for International Development; Military Infectious Diseases Research Program; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00460525.; Supported by a contract (N01AI85346) and a cooperative agreement (U19AI065683) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a grant (D43TW001589) from the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, and a contract (W81XWH-06-1-0427) from the Department of Defense and the U.S. Agency for International Development for site development and the conduct of the trial; by a contract (HH-SN272200800013C) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for data management and statistical support; by grants from the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, Fort Detrick, MD, for vaccine production and laboratory assays; and by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award and an award from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (to Dr. Plowe).; We thank Steven Rosenthal, Walter Jones, Abdollah Naficy, and Lee Hall of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases for support and advice; Mariam Traore Guindo and Boubacar Kouyate for serving as local medical monitors; the study monitors, Norbert Tamm (of PPD) and Denise McKinney (of the U. S. Army Medical Materiel and Development Activity); Valerie Brown and the malaria team at EMMES; Mirjana Nesin, medical monitor, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and members of the data and safety monitoring board (Anna Durbin, Kathryn Edwards, Cristina Sison, Elissa Malkin, Mariam Traore Guindo, and David Diemert); Amanda Leach and the GlaxoSmithKline Malaria Vaccine Project Team (in particular, Marie-Ange Demoitie, Yannick Vanloubbeeck, and Marc Lievens); Mahamadou Traore, Bourama Kane, Mamadou Dembele, and the Bandiagara District Hospital staff for clinical assistance; Danzele Coulibaly, Sekouba Mariko, and Moctar Traore for administrative support; Nicole Eddington, Carey Martin, and Lisa Ware for technical and administrative support; Karen Ball for regulatory support; the team of the Bandiagara Malaria Project in Bandiagara for their dedication; and the community of Bandiagara, Mali. NR 24 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 12 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 2011 VL 365 IS 11 BP 1004 EP 1013 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 819UR UT WOS:000294857300008 PM 21916638 ER PT J AU Menzies, NA Berruti, AA Berzon, R Filler, S Ferris, R Ellerbrock, TV Blandford, JM AF Menzies, Nicolas A. Berruti, Andres A. Berzon, Richard Filler, Scott Ferris, Robert Ellerbrock, Tedd V. Blandford, John M. TI The cost of providing comprehensive HIV treatment in PEPFAR-supported programs SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; antiretroviral therapy; cost; developing countries; economics; HIV; resource-limited settings ID SOUTH-AFRICA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INTERVENTIONS; COUNTRIES; ECONOMICS; SERVICES; CARE AB Background: PEPFAR, national governments, and other stakeholders are investing unprecedented resources to provide HIV treatment in developing countries. This study reports empirical data on costs and cost trends in a large sample of HIV treatment sites. Design: In 2006-2007, we conducted cost analyses at 43 PEPFAR-supported outpatient clinics providing free comprehensive HIV treatment in Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Uganda, and Vietnam. Methods: We collected data on HIV treatment costs over consecutive 6-month periods starting from scale-up of dedicated HIV treatment services at each site. The study included all patients receiving HIV treatment and care at study sites [62 512 antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 44 394 pre-ART patients]. Outcomes were costs per patient and total program costs, subdivided by major cost categories. Results: Median annual economic costs were US$ 202 (2009 USD) for pre-ART patients and US$ 880 for ART patients. Excluding antiretrovirals, per patient ART costs were US$ 298. Care for newly initiated ART patients cost 15-20% more than for established patients. Per patient costs dropped rapidly as sites matured, with per patient ART costs dropping 46.8% between first and second 6-month periods after the beginning of scale-up, and an additional 29.5% the following year. PEPFAR provided 79.4% of funding for service delivery, and national governments provided 15.2%. Conclusion: Treatment costs vary widely between sites, and high early costs drop rapidly as sites mature. Treatment costs vary between countries and respond to changes in antiretroviral regimen costs and the package of services. Whereas cost reductions may allow near-term program growth, programs need to weigh the trade-off between improving services for current patients and expanding coverage to new patients. (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Menzies, Nicolas A.; Berruti, Andres A.; Filler, Scott; Ellerbrock, Tedd V.; Blandford, John M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Menzies, Nicolas A.; Berruti, Andres A.] ICF Macro Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Berzon, Richard; Ferris, Robert] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Blandford, JM (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E30,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jblandford@cdc.gov FU United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; PEPFAR; USAID FX The PEPFAR ART Costing Project is a PEPFAR-funded public health evaluation (PHE) study led by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and implemented with ICF-Macro, in collaboration with USAID. J.M.B., N.A.M., R.B., S.F., T.V.E. and R.F. contributed to protocol development and provided study oversight. J.M.B., N.A.M., A.A.B., S.F., and R.B. contributed to instrument design and fieldwork planning, and participated in fieldwork. A.A.B., N.A.M. and J.M.B. analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. J.M.B., N.A.M., A.A.B., R.B., S.F., T .V.E. and R.F. reviewed and edited the manuscript. N.A.M. had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. We would also like to acknowledge the time and effort of the PEPFAR country teams in Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Uganda and Vietnam, as well as collaborators and participants at health facilities and their supporting organizations. For more information on current PEPFAR evaluation activities, please refer to the website http://www.cdc.gov/globalaids/.; This study was conducted with funding from the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. NR 27 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 10 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 14 BP 1753 EP 1760 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283463eec PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 814AT UT WOS:000294415200009 PM 21412127 ER PT J AU Norton, M Shelton, JD AF Norton, Maureen Shelton, James D. TI Stillbirth and healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Norton, Maureen; Shelton, James D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 3 PY 2011 VL 378 IS 9794 BP 876 EP 876 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 818XZ UT WOS:000294791300022 PM 21890046 ER PT J AU Boudreaux, KC AF Boudreaux, Karol C. TI Fair Trade Without the Froth: A Dispassionate Economic Analysis of "Fair Trade" SO INDEPENDENT REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Boudreaux, Karol C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Boudreaux, KC (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDEPENDENT INST PI OAKLAND PA 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 USA SN 1086-1653 J9 INDEP REV JI Indep. Rev. PD FAL PY 2011 VL 16 IS 2 BP 296 EP 299 PG 4 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA 831SP UT WOS:000295751700010 ER PT J AU Rogers, B Webb, P Wanke, C Sadler, K Masterson, AR Bagriansky, J Schlossman, N Narayan, A Tilahun, J AF Rogers, Beatrice Webb, Patrick Wanke, Christine Sadler, Kate Masterson, Amelia Reese Bagriansky, Jack Schlossman, Nina Narayan, Anuradha Tilahun, Jessica TI Selection and use of US Title II food aid products in programming contexts SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Behavior change; food assistance; nutrition programming; maternal child health and nutrition; Title II program AB Background. Food aid provided by the United States has saved lives for almost two centuries. Delivering the right products is important, but of equal concern are the ways in which products are delivered and to whom. Objective. The study addresses how food products are currently used, whether interventions are appropriate to achieve nutrition objectives, and whether nutrition targets could be met more cost-effectively with a different mix of products or programs. Methods. The team conducted consultations with a broad range of stakeholders. A survey of Title II implementing partners was conducted, focusing on procurement and logistics, and uses of FBFs and other foods. Input of implementing partners, civil society, and donor organizations was obtained through individual consultations, international and small group meetings. More than 400 individuals accessed the project's website. The project convened a panel of experts in food technology and science, food policy, law, industry, medicine, development and humanitarian work, and the maritime industry, and held regular joint meetings with USDA and USAID. The draft report was widely disseminated and posted on the website. Results and conclusions. There is wide variation in the quantities of fortified blended foods provided to target populations. Most of these foods are used in health/nutrition programs, but they are also used in general family rations or as an incentive or pay. Clearer programming guidance and improved decision tools are needed to match products to nutrition goals, and programs should consider delivering nutrients across a basket of commodities, not single products. The evidence base for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of specific foods and programs needs to be strengthened and should be supported by FFP. Research is needed to provide guidance on nutrition support for HIV/AIDS. Additional investments are needed in effective behavior change communication. C1 [Rogers, Beatrice] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bagriansky, Jack] Jack Bagriansky Publ Hlth Nutr LLC, Decatur, GA USA. [Schlossman, Nina] Global Food & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. [Narayan, Anuradha] Helen Keller Int, Nairobi, Kenya. [Tilahun, Jessica] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Rogers, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Beatrice.rogers@tufts.edu FU Office of Food for Peace (FFP) of the Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance [AFP-C-00-09-00016-00] FX This research was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the support of the Office of Food for Peace (FFP) of the Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance, under terms of Cooperative Agreement No. AFP-C-00-09-00016-00, managed by Tufts University. The contents are the responsibility of Tufts University and its partners in the Food Aid Quality Review (FAQR) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) or the US government. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 SU S BP S152 EP S165 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 833DF UT WOS:000295861300003 PM 22180981 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, I Tilahun, J Schlossman, N Bagriansky, J Johnson, Q Webb, P Rogers, B Masterson, AR AF Rosenberg, Irwin Tilahun, Jessica Schlossman, Nina Bagriansky, Jack Johnson, Quentin Webb, Patrick Rogers, Beatrice Masterson, Amelia Reese TI Nutritional enhancement of US Title II food aid products SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Fortification; fortified blended food (FBF); macronutrient; micronutrient ID MODERATELY MALNOURISHED CHILDREN; ENERGY DENSITY; CONSUMPTION; GROWTH; MILK AB Background. Food aid provided by the United States has saved the lives of the vulnerable for many years. Recognizing the need for a thorough review of product formulations and specifications, the US Agency for International Development (USAID) commissioned a 2-year assessment of quality issues relating to Title II food aid products. This article presents findings and recommendations of that review relating to product enhancements. Objective. The core question addressed was: Are current commodity specifications for enriched FBFs appropriate in light of evolving nutritional science and food fortification technology, or do they need to be updated? Methods. Empirical data were derived from a number of sources, including a survey of Title II implementing partners focusing on procurement and logistics, and uses of FBFs and other foods. Input of implementing partners, civil society, and donor organizations was obtained through individual consultations, international and small group meetings. More than 400 individuals accessed the project's website. The project convened a panel of experts in food technology and science, food policy, law, industry, medicine, development and humanitarian work, and the maritime industry, and held regular joint meetings with USDA and USAID. The draft report was widely disseminated and posted on the website. Results and conclusions. The findings of this research led to the following broad areas of improvement in US Title II food aid products: I) Improve the formulation of existing FBF products used in Title II programming. This includes the addition of a dairy source of protein to products targeted to children 6 to 24 months of age, pregnant and lactating women, wasted children, and wasted individuals undergoing HIV/AIDS treatment. 2) Upgrade the vitamin and mineral mixes used and diversify approaches to addressing micronutrient needs. Enhance the composition of premixes used to fortify blended foods as well as milled grains and vegetable oil; facilitate shipping of fortificant premix with bulk cereals for in-country fortification; and develop micronutrient powders (sachets) and other point-of-use fortification options. 3) Develop or adopt non-cereal-based (e.g., lipid-based) products for the management of nutritional deficiencies. This is an argument for more choice among appropriate tools, not for discarding products that have already shown their value over many years. It also does not reduce the need to maintain a focus on supplying high volumes of quality grains as the main staple in food aid baskets. C1 [Rosenberg, Irwin] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Schlossman, Nina] Global Food & Nutr, Washington, DC USA. [Bagriansky, Jack] Jack Bagriansky Publ Hlth Nutr LLC, Decatur, GA USA. [Johnson, Quentin] Quican Inc, Rockwood, ON, Canada. [Tilahun, Jessica] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Rosenberg, I (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM irwin.rosenberg@tufts.edu FU Office of Food for Peace (FFP) of the Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance [AFP-C-00-09-00016-00] FX This research was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the support of the Office of Food for Peace (FFP) of the Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance, under terms of Cooperative Agreement No. AFP-C-00-09-00016-00, managed by Tufts University. The contents are the responsibility of Tufts University and its partners in the Food Aid Quality Review (FAQR) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) or the US government. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 SU S BP S134 EP S151 PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 833DF UT WOS:000295861300002 PM 22180980 ER PT J AU Schlossman, N Webb, P Bagriansky, J Johnson, Q Rogers, B Tilahun, J Masterson, AR AF Schlossman, Nina Webb, Patrick Bagriansky, Jack Johnson, Quentin Rogers, Beatrice Tilahun, Jessica Masterson, Amelia Reese TI Enhancing processes for introduction, production, quality assurance, and delivery of US Title II food aid products SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Food aid; fortification; fortified blended food (FBF); procurement; quality assurance AB Background: Enacted in 1950, Public Law 480 (PL480) dramatically increased the volume of US. food aid and the scope of interventions it supports. Billions of dollars have been invested, both to enhance the diets of chronically undernourished people in development settings, and to support nutritional needs during conflicts and natural disasters. Objective: Review the institutional processes-from procurement to delivery-that support this programming. Methods: We examined the systems that govern and oversee the many components of food aid programming and the extent to which they support a whole-of-government, multi-agency food aid agenda. We conducted consultations with US government employees and contractors, academics, industry representatives, donor agency staff United Nations personnel, and field-level food aid programming technical staff from many countries. A survey of USAID implementing partners conducted among 64 responding offices in 40 countries provided data on the use and effectiveness of enriched, fortified, or blended Title II commodities, the use of new commodities, and related procurement or logistics aspects. Expert panels provided input and feedback throughout the process. Results: We identified potential improvements to overall delivery and cost-effectiveness of USAID programming to better meet the nutrition needs of beneficiaries. Options include changes in product formulation, the range of products provided, and/or the modes of product approval, processing, procurement, and distribution. This research points to several improvements in processes related to food aid: 1) Establish an interagency committee to oversee all government interests in the food aid agenda through an ongoing review process. 2) Enhance processes and quality assurance along the product value chain including the importance of effective interaction with the private sector to incorporate industry best practices and create public-private partnerships to promote product innovations. 3) Strengthen the evidence base for innovations in products, programming approaches, and institutional processes. Conclusion: Successful programming requires knowledge and understanding of the unit cost of impact, not simply tonnage and "numbers of hungry people fed". Empirical rigor is essential; any significant program changes, including those recommended here, should be tested and monitored. C1 [Schlossman, Nina] Global Food & Nutr Inc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Webb, Patrick; Rogers, Beatrice; Masterson, Amelia Reese] Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Bagriansky, Jack] Jack Bagriansky Publ Hlth Nutr LLC, Decatur, GA USA. [Johnson, Quentin] Quican Inc, Rockwood, ON, Canada. [Tilahun, Jessica] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Schlossman, N (reprint author), Global Food & Nutr Inc, 1300 L St NW,Suite 920, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM nina@globalfoodandnutrition.com FU Office of Food for Peace (FFP) of the Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance [AFP-C-00-09-00016-00] FX This research was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the support of the Office of Food for Peace (FFP) of the Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance, under terms of Cooperative Agreement No. AFP-C-00-09-00016-00, managed by Tufts University. The contents are the responsibility of Tufts University and its partners in the Food Aid Quality Review (FAQR) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) or the US government. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 32 IS 3 SU S BP S166 EP S171 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 833DF UT WOS:000295861300004 PM 22180982 ER PT J AU Bhaumik, SK Dang, V Kutan, AM AF Bhaumik, Sumon Kumar Vinh Dang Kutan, Ali M. TI Implications of bank ownership for the credit channel of monetary policy transmission: Evidence from India SO JOURNAL OF BANKING & FINANCE LA English DT Article DE Bank ownership; Credit channel of monetary policy; Lending; Monetary policy regimes; India ID LENDING CHANNEL; INDUSTRY; LOAN AB Using bank-level data from India, we examine the impact of ownership on the reaction of banks to monetary policy, and also test whether the reaction of different types of banks to monetary policy changes is different in easy and tight policy regimes. Our results suggest that there are considerable differences in the reactions of different types of banks to monetary policy initiatives of the central bank, and that the bank lending channel of monetary policy is likely to be much more effective in a tight money period than in an easy money period. We also find differences in impact of monetary policy changes on less risky short-term and more risky medium-term lending. We discuss the policy implications of the findings. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhaumik, Sumon Kumar] Aston Univ, Aston Business Sch, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. [Vinh Dang] USAID Vietnam Competitiveness Initiat, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Kutan, Ali M.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Econ & Finance, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Bhaumik, SK (reprint author), Aston Univ, Aston Business Sch, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. EM s.bhaumik@aston.ac.uk; quangvinh.dang@gmail.com; akutan@siue.edu NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4266 J9 J BANK FINANC JI J. Bank Financ. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2418 EP 2428 DI 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.02.003 PG 11 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA 799UD UT WOS:000293310700018 ER PT J AU Larson, E O'Bra, H Brown, JW Goldman, T Pillay, Y Klausner, JD AF Larson, Elysia O'Bra, Heidi Brown, J. W. Goldman, Thurma Pillay, Yogan Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF PEPFAR-SUPPORTED HIV/AIDS SERVICES IN SOUTH AFRICA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 [Larson, Elysia] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Sch Publ Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. [Brown, J. W.] US Agcy Int Dev, Pretoria, South Africa. [Pillay, Yogan] Natl Dept Hlth, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Larson, E (reprint author), 877 Pretorius St, ZA-0007 Pretoria, South Africa. EM Elysia.Larson@gmail.com NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2011 VL 101 IS 8 BP 1349 EP 1351 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300242 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 797SD UT WOS:000293149500003 PM 21680922 ER PT J AU Gardner, A Cohen, T Carter, EJ AF Gardner, Adrian Cohen, Ted Carter, E. Jane TI Tuberculosis Among Participants in an Academic Global Health Medical Exchange Program SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; global health; academic medical exchange program ID RISK; TRAVELERS AB BACKGROUND: Although individuals from low tuberculosis (TB) burden countries experience an increased risk of TB infection when traveling to high burden countries for medical training or service, the degree of risk has not been well quantified. OBJECTIVE: Improved knowledge will aid development of guidelines for TB screening, pre/post-travel education, and risk reduction. DESIGN: Retrospective survey including questions on demographic characteristics, pre-travel TB counseling, in-country activities, and post-travel TB testing. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred eight individuals who traveled to Eldoret, Kenya with the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) medical exchange program between July 2004 and June 2009 were invited to complete an online survey in January 2010. MAIN MEASURES: The percentage of participants with a tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion and percentage reporting pre-travel and post-travel counseling and testing for TB were examined. KEY RESULTS: Four hundred thirteen out of 608 (68%) responded with sufficient information to be included in the analysis. Two hundred thirty-nine individuals (58%) reported that TB prevention was discussed in pre-travel preparations. One hundred thirteen (27%) of the survey participants reported "ideal" care [definition: pre-travel TST (within 1 year of travel), pre-travel counseling, and a post-travel TST specifically related to their travel]. Out of 267 participants at risk for TST conversion, 11 (4.1%; 95% CI: 2.2-7.3) had a conversion. TST conversion was not associated with longer duration of stay or participation in direct medical care. CONCLUSIONS: Travelers to TB-endemic areas with international medical exchange programs are at risk for TB infection, regardless of their length of stay or whether or not they participate in direct medical care. Many receive inadequate pre- and post-travel TB counseling and testing. Efforts should be made to improve TB education for program participants. C1 [Gardner, Adrian; Carter, E. Jane] Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02906 USA. [Cohen, Ted] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Global Hlth Equ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Cohen, Ted] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Carter, E. Jane] USAID AMPATH, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Gardner, A (reprint author), Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, Warren Alpert Med Sch, 365,164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA. EM Adrian_Gardner@Brown.edu RI Cohen, Ted/G-8101-2011 FU NIH [T32 DA13911-10] FX The authors extend thanks to the directors of the medical exchange program at each North American institution for their assistance in identifying program participants. AG is supported by NIH grant T32 DA13911-10. These data were presented in an oral presentation at the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, November, 2010. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 26 IS 8 BP 841 EP 845 DI 10.1007/s11606-011-1669-x PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 794IO UT WOS:000292889000009 PM 21359579 ER PT J AU Gormley, W McCaffery, J Quain, EE AF Gormley, Wilma McCaffery, James Quain, Estelle E. TI Moving Forward on Human Resources for Health: Next Steps for Scaling Up Toward Universal Access to HIV/AIDS Prevention, Treatment, and Care SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE universal access; human resources for health; HIV/AIDS services AB In 2008, the Global Health Workforce Alliance commissioned a technical working group to examine the human resources for health implications of scaling up to reach the Millennium Development Goal 6 of universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care, and support by 2010. The analysis and interventions recommended in the working group report, which was launched at the Second Global Forum on Human Resources for Health in Bangkok, Thailand, in January 2011, are based on two research methods: literature reviews covering the period from 2000 to 2008 and a rapid situational analysis produced by teams working in 5 countries (Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Thailand, and Zambia). The authors' intent in this article is to assist the Alliance in maintaining the momentum of the forum and the enthusiasm generated by the working group's report to make a difference at the country level by moving from recommendation to action. C1 [Gormley, Wilma] USAID CapacityPlus Project TRG, Arlington, VA USA. [McCaffery, James] USAID CapacityPlus Project TRG, Washington, DC USA. [Quain, Estelle E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Gormley, W (reprint author), CapacityPLUS, 4401 Wilson Bldg, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM wgormley@trg-inc.com NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 57 SU 2 BP S113 EP S115 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31821e9320 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 792PW UT WOS:000292761100015 PM 21857293 ER PT J AU Rao, P Gabre-Kidan, T Mubangizi, DB Sulzbach, S AF Rao, Pamela Gabre-Kidan, Tesfai Mubangizi, Deus Bazira Sulzbach, Sara TI Leveraging the Private Health Sector to Enhance HIV Service Delivery in Lower-Income Countries SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE private health sector; public-private partnerships; scaling up; HIV/AIDS response AB Evidence that the private health sector is a key player in delivering health services and impacting health outcomes, including those related to HIV/AIDS, underscores the need to optimize the role of the private health sector to scale up national HIV responses in lower-income countries. This article reviews findings on the types of HIV/AIDS services provided by the private health sector in developing countries and elaborates on the role of private providers of HIV services in Ethiopia. Drawing on data from the nation's innovative Private Health Sector Project, a pilot project that has demonstrated the feasibility of public-private partnerships in this area, the article highlights the potential for national governments to scale up HIV/AIDS services by leveraging private health sector resources, innovations, and expertise while working to regulate quality and cost of services. Although concerns about uneven quality and affordability of private sector health services must be addressed through regulation, policy, or other innovative approaches, we argue that the benefits of leveraging the private sector outweigh these challenges, particularly in light of finite donor and public domestic resources. C1 [Rao, Pamela] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Gabre-Kidan, Tesfai] Abt Associates Inc, Private Hlth Sector Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Mubangizi, Deus Bazira] Results Dev Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Sulzbach, Sara] Abt Associates Inc, Strengthening Hlth Outcomes Private Sector, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rao, P (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, 1201 Penn Ave NW,Suite 300, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM prao@usaid.gov FU US Agency for International Development, Ethiopia; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief FX The authors acknowledge Gina Lagomarsino, Results for Development Institute, and Joep M. A. Lange, MD, PhD, Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, for their input. They also thank the Addis Ababa Health Bureau for allowing them to use facility data; US Agency for International Development, Ethiopia and President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, for support to the PHSP-Ethiopia; and the organizers of the International AIDS Society preconference on HIV and HSS, Vienna, Austria, July 2010, for including the session on "Leveraging the Private Sector for Health" on which this article was based. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD AUG 1 PY 2011 VL 57 SU 2 BP S116 EP S119 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31821ed719 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 792PW UT WOS:000292761100016 PM 21857294 ER PT J AU Hwang, J Alemayehu, BH Hoos, D Melaku, Z Tekleyohannes, SG Teshi, T Birhanu, SG Demeke, L Gobena, K Kassa, M Jima, D Reithinger, R Nettey, H Green, M Malone, JL Kachur, SP Filler, S AF Hwang, Jimee Alemayehu, Bereket H. Hoos, David Melaku, Zenebe Tekleyohannes, Samuel G. Teshi, Takele Birhanu, Sintayehu G. Demeke, Leykun Gobena, Kedir Kassa, Moges Jima, Daddi Reithinger, Richard Nettey, Henry Green, Michael Malone, Joseph L. Kachur, S. Patrick Filler, Scott TI In vivo efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine against uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Central Ethiopia SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-WEST ETHIOPIA; RESISTANT FALCIPARUM; ARTEMETHER/LUMEFANTRINE COARTEM(R); POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS; THERAPEUTIC-EFFICACY; COMBINATION THERAPY; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUG; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; 6-DOSE REGIMEN; SAFETY AB Background: In vivo efficacy assessments of the first-line treatments for Plasmodium falciparum malaria are essential for ensuring effective case management. In Ethiopia, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) has been the first-line treatment for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria since 2004. Methods: Between October and November 2009, we conducted a 42-day, single arm, open label study of AL for P. falciparum in individuals >6 months of age at two sites in Oromia State, Ethiopia. Eligible patients who had documented P. falciparum mono-infection were enrolled and followed according to the standard 2009 World Health Organization in vivo drug efficacy monitoring protocol. The primary and secondary endpoints were PCR uncorrected and corrected cure rates, as measured by adequate clinical and parasitological response on days 28 and 42, respectively. Results: Of 4426 patients tested, 120 with confirmed falciparum malaria were enrolled and treated with AL. Followup was completed for 112 patients at day 28 and 104 patients at day 42. There was one late parasitological failure, which was classified as undetermined after genotyping. Uncorrected cure rates at both day 28 and 42 for the per protocol analysis were 99.1% (95% CI 95.1-100.0); corrected cure rates at both day 28 and 42 were 100.0%. Uncorrected cure rates at day 28 and 42 for the intention to treat analysis were 93.3% (95% CI 87.2-97.1) and 86.6% (95% CI 79.1-92.1), respectively, while the corrected cure rates at day 28 and 42 were 94.1% (95% CI 88.2-97.6) and 87.3% (95% CI 79.9-92.7), respectively. Using survival analysis, the unadjusted cure rate was 99.1% and 100.0% adjusted by genotyping for day 28 and 42, respectively. Eight P. falciparum patients (6.7%) presented with Plasmodium vivax infection during follow-up and were excluded from the per protocol analysis. Only one patient had persistent parasitaemia at day 3. No serious adverse events were reported, with cough and nausea/vomiting being the most common adverse events. Conclusions: AL remains a highly effective and well-tolerated treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the study setting after several years of universal access to AL. A high rate of parasitaemia with P. vivax possibly from relapse or new infection was observed. C1 [Hwang, Jimee; Nettey, Henry; Green, Michael; Kachur, S. Patrick] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hwang, Jimee] Univ Calif San Francisco, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Alemayehu, Bereket H.; Melaku, Zenebe; Tekleyohannes, Samuel G.; Teshi, Takele; Birhanu, Sintayehu G.; Demeke, Leykun] Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hoos, David] Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, New York, NY USA. [Gobena, Kedir] Oromia Reg Hlth Bur, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Kassa, Moges] Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Jima, Daddi] Fed Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Malone, Joseph L.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Filler, Scott] Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jhwang@cdc.gov OI Malone, Joseph/0000-0002-5515-6171 FU President's Malaria Initiative via the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FX This research was made possible through support provided by the President's Malaria Initiative via the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of an Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the U.S. Agency for International Development. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD JUL 28 PY 2011 VL 10 AR 209 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-10-209 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 813AU UT WOS:000294338900001 PM 21798054 ER PT J AU Shah, R AF Shah, Rajiv TI Breakthroughs for Development SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Shah, R (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 22 PY 2011 VL 333 IS 6041 BP 385 EP 385 DI 10.1126/science.1210733 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 795FR UT WOS:000292959600001 PM 21778365 ER PT J AU Newman, CJ de Vries, DH Kanakuze, JD Ngendahimana, G AF Newman, Constance J. de Vries, Daniel H. Kanakuze, Jeanne d'Arc Ngendahimana, Gerard TI Workplace violence and gender discrimination in Rwanda's health workforce: Increasing safety and gender equality SO HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Background: Workplace violence has been documented in all sectors, but female-dominated sectors such as health and social services are at particular risk. In 2007-2008, IntraHealth International assisted the Rwanda Ministries of Public Service and Labor and Health to study workplace violence in Rwanda's health sector. This article reexamines a set of study findings that directly relate to the influence of gender on workplace violence, synthesizes these findings with other research from Rwanda, and examines the subsequent impact of the study on Rwanda's policy environment. Methods: Fifteen out of 30 districts were selected at random. Forty-four facilities at all levels were randomly selected in these districts. From these facilities, 297 health workers were selected at random, of whom 205 were women and 92 were men. Researchers used a utilization-focused approach and administered health worker survey, facility audits, key informant and health facility manager interviews and focus groups to collect data in 2007. After the study was disseminated in 2008, stakeholder recommendations were documented and three versions of the labor law were reviewed to assess study impact. Results: Thirty-nine percent of health workers had experienced some form of workplace violence in year prior to the study. The study identified gender-related patterns of perpetration, victimization and reactions to violence. Negative stereotypes of women, discrimination based on pregnancy, maternity and family responsibilities and the 'glass ceiling' affected female health workers' experiences and career paths and contributed to a context of violence. Gender equality lowered the odds of health workers experiencing violence. Rwandan stakeholders used study results to formulate recommendations to address workplace violence gender discrimination through policy reform and programs. Conclusions: Gender inequality influences workplace violence. Addressing gender discrimination and violence simultaneously should be a priority in workplace violence research, workforce policies, strategies, laws and human resources management training. This will go a long way in making workplaces safer and fairer for the health workforce. This is likely to improve workforce productivity and retention and the enjoyment of human rights at work. Finally, studies that involve stakeholders throughout the research process are likely to improve the utilization of results and policy impact. C1 [Newman, Constance J.] IntraHealth Int, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. [de Vries, Daniel H.] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam Inst Social Sci Res, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Kanakuze, Jeanne d'Arc] Publ Serv Commiss, Kigali, Rwanda. [Ngendahimana, Gerard] USAID HIV AIDS Clin Serv Program No Zone, Kigali, Rwanda. RP Newman, CJ (reprint author), IntraHealth Int, 6340 Quadrangle Dr,Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. EM cnewman@intrahealth.org NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1478-4491 J9 HUM RESOUR HEALTH JI Hum. Resour. Health PD JUL 19 PY 2011 VL 9 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1478-4491-9-19 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Business & Economics GA 806BL UT WOS:000293776400001 PM 21767411 ER PT J AU Leclerc-Madlala, SM AF Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne M. TI Relating social change to HIV epidemiology SO FUTURE VIROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE HIV/AIDS; social change; social science; structural approach ID PERSPECTIVE; HIV/AIDS C1 USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Leclerc-Madlala, SM (reprint author), USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20001 USA. EM sleclerc-madlola@usaid.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0794 J9 FUTURE VIROL JI Future Virol. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 6 IS 7 BP 785 EP 787 DI 10.2217/FVL.11.58 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 807BE UT WOS:000293865900001 ER PT J AU Smallwood, P Shank, C Dehgan, A Zahler, P AF Smallwood, Peter Shank, Chris Dehgan, Alex Zahler, Peter TI Wildlife Conservation .... in Afghanistan? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 [Smallwood, Peter] Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Dehgan, Alex] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Smallwood, P (reprint author), Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2011 VL 61 IS 7 BP 506 EP 511 DI 10.1525/bio.2011.61.7.4 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 793WW UT WOS:000292855600004 ER PT J AU Olana, D Chibsa, S Teshome, D Mekasha, A Graves, PM Reithinger, R AF Olana, Dereje Chibsa, Sheleme Teshome, Dawit Mekasha, Addis Graves, Patricia M. Reithinger, Richard TI Malaria, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, 2001-2006 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth AIDS Nutr & Populat Off, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Olana, Dereje; Chibsa, Sheleme; Teshome, Dawit; Mekasha, Addis] Oromia Reg Hlth Bur, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Olana, Dereje] WHO, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Graves, Patricia M.] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Reithinger, R (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth AIDS Nutr & Populat Off, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM rreithinger@yahoo.co.uk RI Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2011 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1336 EP 1337 DI 10.3201/eid1707.100942 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 790IL UT WOS:000292581600049 PM 21762615 ER PT J AU George, A Menotti, EP Rivera, D Marsh, DR AF George, Asha Menotti, Elaine P. Rivera, Dixmer Marsh, David R. TI Community case management in Nicaragua: lessons in fostering adoption and expanding implementation SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Community case management; child health; policy analysis; scaling up implementation; Nicaragua ID HEALTH-POLICY ANALYSIS; CHILD SURVIVAL; SCALING-UP; KEY ISSUES; CARE; PNEUMONIA; WORKERS; INNOVATIONS; REFLECTIONS; DIFFUSION AB Community case management (CCM) as applied to child survival is a strategy that enables trained community health workers or volunteers to assess, classify, treat and refer sick children who reside beyond the reach of fixed health facilities. The Nicaraguan Ministry of Health (MOH) and Save the Children trained and supported brigadistas (community health volunteers) in CCM to improve equitable access to treatment for pneumonia, diarrhoea and dysentery for children in remote areas. In this article, we examine the policy landscape and processes that influenced the adoption and implementation of CCM in Nicaragua. Contextual factors in the policy landscape that facilitated CCM included an international technical consensus supporting the strategy; the role of government in health care provision and commitment to reaching the poor; a history of community participation; the existence of community-based child survival strategies; the decentralization of implementation authority; internal MOH champions; and a credible catalyst organization. Challenges included scepticism about community-level cadres; resistance from health personnel; operational gaps in treatment norms and materials to support the strategy; resource constraints affecting service delivery; tensions around decentralization; and changes in administration. In order to capitalize on the opportunities and overcome the challenges that characterized the policy landscape, stakeholders pursued various efforts to support CCM including sparking interest, framing issues, monitoring and communicating results, ensuring support and cohesion among health personnel, supporting local adaptation, assuring credibility and ownership, joint problem solving, addressing sustainability and fostering learning. While delineated as separate efforts, these policy and implementation processes were dynamic and interactive in nature, balancing various tensions. Our qualitative analysis highlights the importance of supporting routine monitoring and documentation of these strategic operational policy and management issues vital for CCM success. We also demonstrate that while challenges to CCM adoption and implementation exist, they are not insurmountable. C1 [George, Asha] UNICEF, Community Based Approaches Policy & Evidence Unit, Hlth Sect, Programme Div, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Menotti, Elaine P.] USAID, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Rivera, Dixmer] Save Children, Managua, Nicaragua. [Marsh, David R.] Save Children, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP George, A (reprint author), UNICEF, Community Based Approaches Policy & Evidence Unit, Hlth Sect, Programme Div, 3 Plaza H 2-8, New York, NY 10017 USA. EM ageorge@unicef.org FU USAID/BASICS [GHA-I-00-04-00002-00]; Save the Children; UNICEF; USAID FX Save the Children's CCM strategy in Nicaragua received support from USAID/BASICS (USAID contract number GHA-I-00-04-00002-00) in 2007 and 2008. Additional financial support for Save the Children's CCM strategy in Nicaragua was made possible by Save the Children's private funds and contributions from individual donors. Financial support for the mid-term assessment was provided by Save the Children, UNICEF and USAID. The authors would like to acknowledge the efforts of community members, volunteers, health workers and managers in the project area. The viewpoints in this article reflect the views of the authors and not necessarily those of UNICEF, USAID or Save the Children. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1093/heapol/czq048 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 792GZ UT WOS:000292731000006 PM 20926425 ER PT J AU Sulzbach, S De, S Wang, WJ AF Sulzbach, Sara De, Susna Wang, Wenjuan TI The private sector role in HIV/AIDS in the context of an expanded global response: expenditure trends in five sub-Saharan African countries SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Health care financing; private sector; HIV response ID SOUTH-AFRICA; HEALTH AB Global financing for the HIV response has reached unprecedented levels in recent years. Over US$10 billion were mobilized in 2007, an effort credited with saving the lives of millions of people living with HIV (PLHIV). A relatively unexamined aspect of the global HIV response is the role of the private sector in financing HIV/AIDS services. As the nature of the response evolves from emergency relief to long-term sustainability, understanding current and potential contributions from the private sector is critical. This paper examines trends in private sector financing, management and resource consumption related to HIV/AIDS in five sub-Saharan African countries, with a particular emphasis on the effects of recently scaled-up donor funding on private sector contributions. We analysed National Health Accounts HIV/AIDS subaccount data for Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Zambia between 2002 and 2006. HIV subaccounts provide comparable data on the flow of HIV/AIDS funding from source to use. Findings indicate that private sector contributions decreased in all countries except Tanzania. With regards to managing HIV/AIDS funds, non-governmental organizations are increasingly controlling the largest share of resources relative to other stakeholders, whereas private for-profit entities are managing fewer HIV/AIDS resources since the donor influx. The majority of HIV/AIDS funds were spent in the public sector, although a considerable amount was spent at private facilities, largely fuelled by out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. On the whole, OOP spending by PLHIV decreased over the 4-year period, with the exception of Malawi, demonstrating that PLHIV have increased access to free or subsidized HIV/AIDS services. Our findings suggest that the influx of donor funding has led to decreased private contributions for HIV/AIDS. The reduction in private sector investment and engagement raises concerns about the sustainability of HIV/AIDS programmes over the long term, particularly in light of current global economic crisis and emerging competing priorities. C1 [Sulzbach, Sara] ABT Associates Inc, Int Hlth Div, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [De, Susna] USAID Namibia, Off Hlth & HIV AIDS, Windhoek, Namibia. [Wang, Wenjuan] ICF Macro, Demog & Hlth Res Div, Calverton, MD USA. RP Sulzbach, S (reprint author), ABT Associates Inc, Int Hlth Div, 4550 Montgomery Ave,Suite 800 N, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM sara_sulzbach@abtassoc.com FU Office of HIV/AIDS at the United States Agency for International Development [GPO-I-00-04-00007-00] FX This research was conducted by Abt Associates, Inc. with support from the Office of HIV/AIDS at the United States Agency for International Development [GPO-I-00-04-00007-00]. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 26 SU 1 BP i72 EP i84 DI 10.1093/heapol/czr031 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 789ZH UT WOS:000292557800009 PM 21729920 ER PT J AU Braitstein, P Songok, J Vreeman, RC Wools-Kaloustian, KK Koskei, P Walusuna, L Ayaya, S Nyandiko, W Yiannoutsos, C AF Braitstein, Paula Songok, Julia Vreeman, Rachel C. Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K. Koskei, Pamela Walusuna, Leahbell Ayaya, Samwel Nyandiko, Winstone Yiannoutsos, Constantin TI "Wamepotea" (They Have Become Lost): Outcomes of HIV-Positive and HIV-Exposed Children Lost to Follow-Up From a Large HIV Treatment Program in Western Kenya SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE Africa; HIV; losses-to-follow-up; mortality; pediatrics; retention ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PEDIATRIC ADHERENCE; INFECTED CHILDREN; VITAL STATUS; PRE-ART; IMPACT; MORTALITY; MALAWI; COHORT; CARE AB Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the vital status and reasons for children becoming loss to follow-up (LTFU) from a large program in western Kenya. Methods: This was a prospective evaluation of a random sample of 30% of HIV-exposed and HIV-positive children LTFU from either an urban or rural HIV Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare clinic. LTFU is defined as absence from clinic for >6 months if on combination antiretroviral therapy and >12 months if not. Experienced community health workers were engaged to locate them. Results: There were 97 children sampled (78 urban, 19 rural). Of these, 82% were located (78% urban, 100% rural). Among the HIV positive, 16% of the children were deceased, and 16% had not returned to clinic because of disclosure issues/discrimination in the family or community. Among the HIV exposed, 30% never returned to care because their guardians either had not disclosed their own HIV status or were afraid of family/community stigma related to their HIV status or that of the child. Among children whose HIV status was unknown, 29% of those found had actually died, and disclosure/discrimination accounted for 14% of the reasons for becoming LTFU. Other reasons included believing the child was healed by faith or through the use of traditional medicine (7%), transport costs (6%), and transferring care to other programs or clinics (8%). Conclusion: After locating >80% of the children in our sample, we identified that mortality and disclosure issues including fear of family or community discrimination were the most important reasons why these children became LTFU. C1 [Braitstein, Paula; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara K.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Moi Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Songok, Julia; Ayaya, Samwel; Nyandiko, Winstone] Moi Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Eldoret, Kenya. [Vreeman, Rachel C.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Koskei, Pamela; Walusuna, Leahbell] USAID, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Yiannoutsos, Constantin] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Braitstein, P (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, 1001 W 10th St,OPW-M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM pbraitstein@yahoo.com FU United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); National Institutes of Health (NIAID) [U01-AI0669911]; PEPFAR; Rockefeller Foundation; Kenyan Department of Leprosy, tuberculosis, and Lung Disease (formerly the Kenyan National Leprosy and tuberculosis Program) FX Supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). This study was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIAID) grant number U01-AI0669911 (East Africa IeDEA Regional Consortium), and a targeted evaluation supplement to this grant by the PEPFAR.; The authors would like to thank all the clinicians in all the AMPATH clinics, especially the Clinical Officers, Medical Officers, pediatricians, nutritionists, outreach workers, and social workers, for their dedication in caring for patients, and their attentiveness in accurately recording their patients' data. We would also like to thank all the data entry technicians, data managers, and administrative and clerical staff for enabling the collection, management, interpretation, and publication of these data. We wish to acknowledge and extend our humble appreciation to the AMPATH Orphans and Vulnerable program and the CHWs working with them. They did an outstanding job in tracing these lost children and attempting to reconnect them with care. Their work is invaluable to the program as a whole. AMPATH and the authors are particularly grateful to the Rockefeller Foundation for funding the development of the AMPATH Medical Records System, and the Kenyan Department of Leprosy, tuberculosis, and Lung Disease (formerly the Kenyan National Leprosy and tuberculosis Program) for their support. NR 27 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUL 1 PY 2011 VL 57 IS 3 BP E40 EP E46 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182167f0d PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 778CM UT WOS:000291676800002 PM 21407085 ER PT J AU Belo, MTCT Luiz, RR Teixeira, EG Hanson, C Trajman, A AF Belo, M. T. C. T. Luiz, R. R. Teixeira, E. G. Hanson, C. Trajman, A. TI Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and socio-economic status: a prospective study in Duque de Caxias, Brazil SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE treatment outcome; SES; poverty; Brazil AB A prospective study was conducted to evaluate tuberculosis treatment outcomes according to socio-economic status (SES) using different classification criteria. Patients aged >= 18 years under treatment for <= 8 weeks were interviewed. Outcomes were classified as successful (cure/completed) or unsuccessful (default/failure/death). The overall treatment default ratio was 20.9% and the unsuccessful outcome rate was 24.1%. Unsuccessful treatment was associated with SES according to any criteria used, except for the definition of poverty line. Poverty seems to be hampering the achievement of the World Health Organization targeted 90% cure rate in developing settings. C1 [Belo, M. T. C. T.; Teixeira, E. G.; Trajman, A.] Univ Gama Filho, Dept Internal Med, BR-22471210 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Belo, M. T. C. T.] Santa Casa da Misericordia Gen Hosp, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Belo, M. T. C. T.; Teixeira, E. G.] Souza Marques Fdn, Dept Internal Med, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Belo, M. T. C. T.; Teixeira, E. G.; Trajman, A.] TB Brazilian Network Rede TB, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Belo, M. T. C. T.; Luiz, R. R.; Teixeira, E. G.; Trajman, A.] Rio de Janeiro TB Sci League, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Luiz, R. R.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Collect Hlth Inst, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Hanson, C.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Belo, MTCT (reprint author), Univ Gama Filho, Dept Internal Med, Rua Fonte da Saudade 132-503, BR-22471210 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM mtbelo@uol.com.br RI Luiz, Ronir/C-3372-2013 OI Luiz, Ronir/0000-0002-7784-9905 FU World Bank; ICOHRTA AIDS/TB [SU2R TW006883-02] FX The authors thank the health care workers from Duque de Caxias Public Health Unit. The study was supported by grants from the World Bank 'Reaching the Poor' Program and from the International Clinical Operational and Health Services Research and Training Award, ICOHRTA AIDS/TB grants #SU2R TW006883-02. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 15 IS 7 BP 978 EP 981 DI 10.5588/ijtld.10.0706 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 785MV UT WOS:000292234000021 PM 21682975 ER PT J AU Mah, TL Shelton, JD AF Mah, Timothy L. Shelton, James D. TI Concurrency revisited: increasing and compelling epidemiological evidence SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; HIV-INFECTION; RURAL UGANDA; TRANSMISSION; PARTNERSHIPS; BEHAVIOR; ZIMBABWE; PREVENTION; INJECTIONS AB Multiple sexual partnerships must necessarily lie at the root of a sexually transmitted epidemic. However, that overlapping or concurrent partnerships have played a pivotal role in the generalized epidemics of sub-Saharan Africa has been challenged. Much of the original proposition that concurrent partnerships play such a role focused on modelling, self-reported sexual behaviour data and ethnographic data. While each of these has definite merit, each also has had methodological limitations. Actually, more recent cross-national sexual behaviour data and improved modelling have strengthened these lines of evidence. However, heretofore the epidemiologic evidence has not been systematically brought to bear. Though assessing the epidemiologic evidence regarding concurrency has its challenges, a careful examination, especially of those studies that have assessed HIV incidence, clearly indicates a key role for concurrency. Such evidence includes: 1) the early and dramatic rise of HIV infection in generalized epidemics that can only arise from transmission through rapid sequential acute infections and thereby concurrency; 2) clear evidence from incidence studies that a major portion of transmission in the population occurs via concurrency both for concordant negative and discordant couples; 3) elevation in risk associated with partner's multiple partnering; 4) declines in HIV associated with declines in concurrency; 5) bursts and clustering of incident infections that indicate concurrency and acute infection play a key role in the propagation of epidemics; and 6) a lack of other plausible explanations, including serial monogamy and non-sexual transmission. While other factors, such as sexually transmitted infections, other infectious diseases, biological factors and HIV sub-type, likely play a role in enhancing transmission, it appears most plausible that these would amplify the role of concurrency rather than alter it. Additionally, critics of concurrency have not proposed plausible alternative explanations for why the explosive generalized epidemics occurred. Specific behaviour change messaging bringing the concepts of multiple partnering and concurrency together appears salient and valid in promoting safer individual behaviour and positive social norms. C1 [Mah, Timothy L.; Shelton, James D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Mah, TL (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM tmah@usaid.gov NR 74 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1758-2652 J9 J INT AIDS SOC JI J. Int. AIDS Soc. PD JUN 20 PY 2011 VL 14 AR 33 DI 10.1186/1758-2652-14-33 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 839GI UT WOS:000296353100001 PM 21689437 ER PT J AU Gray, R Ssempijaa, V Shelton, J Serwadda, D Nalugoda, F Wawer, MJ AF Gray, Ron Ssempijaa, Victor Shelton, James Serwadda, David Nalugoda, Fred Wawer, Maria J. TI The contribution of HIV-discordant relationships to new HIV infections SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID UGANDA; RAKAI C1 [Gray, Ron; Wawer, Maria J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ssempijaa, Victor; Serwadda, David; Nalugoda, Fred] Rakai Hlth Sci Program, Entebbe, Uganda. [Shelton, James] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Serwadda, David] Makerere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. RP Gray, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, E 4132,615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM rgray@jhsph.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 19 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1343 EP 1344 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283480f99 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 775MI UT WOS:000291463200016 ER PT J AU Paz-Bailey, G Jacobson, JO Guardado, ME Hernandez, FM Nieto, AI Estrada, M Creswell, J AF Paz-Bailey, G. Jacobson, J. O. Guardado, M. E. Hernandez, F. M. Nieto, A. I. Estrada, M. Creswell, J. TI How many men who have sex with men and female sex workers live in El Salvador? Using respondent-driven sampling and capture-recapture to estimate population sizes SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID COUNTRIES; NUMBER AB Objective To estimate the numbers of female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) in San Salvador, El Salvador. Design and methods A capture-recapture exercise was conducted among MSM and FSW in San Salvador in 2008. The first capture was done by distributing key chains to both MSM and FSW populations through local non-governmental organizations (NGO) that work with these groups. The second capture was done during the course of an integrated behavioural and biological survey (IBBS) using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). The proportion receiving a key chain estimated from the IBBS study was adjusted by RDS-derived weights. Results The first capture included 400 FSW and 400 MSM. Of the 624 MSM interviewed in the IBBS, 36 (5.8% crude; 3.2% adjusted RDS) had received the key chain. The estimated population size of MSM in San Salvador was 12 480 (95% CI 7235 to 17 725). Of the 663 FSW interviewed in the IBBS, 39 (5.9% crude; 6.9% adjusted RDS) had received the key chain. The estimated number of FSW was 5765 (95% CI 4253 to 7277). Conclusions The capture-recapture exercise was successfully linked to an IBBS to obtain city-level population sizes for MSM and FSW, providing valuable information at a low cost. Size estimates are crucial for programme planning for national AIDS programmes, NGOs and stakeholders working with these populations and for HIV projection models. C1 [Paz-Bailey, G.] Del Valle Univ Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala. [Paz-Bailey, G.; Guardado, M. E.; Hernandez, F. M.] Tephinet Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Paz-Bailey, G.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Jacobson, J. O.] Pan Amer Hlth Org, Bogota, Colombia. [Nieto, A. I.] Minist Hlth, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Estrada, M.] US Agcy Int Dev, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Creswell, J.] World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Paz-Bailey, G (reprint author), Del Valle Univ Guatemala, 18 Ave 11-42 Zona 15,Vista Hermosa 3, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala. EM gpaz@taskforce.org FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in El Salvador; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX Funding for this study was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in El Salvador and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN 11 PY 2011 VL 87 IS 4 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1136/sti.2010.045633 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 765OO UT WOS:000290718300007 PM 21385892 ER PT J AU De Groote, H Hall, MD Spielman, DJ Mugo, SN Andam, K Munyua, BG Banziger, M AF De Groote, Hugo Hall, Michael D. Spielman, David J. Mugo, Stephen N. Andam, Kwaw Munyua, Bernard G. Banziger, Marianne TI Options for pro-poor maize seed market segmentation in Kenya SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Maize; poverty; market segmentation; seed AB New agricultural technologies have to be affordable to make a difference in poor farmers' livelihoods. Their cost to the poor can be reduced through subsidies by the public sector or humanitarian use exemption from Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) by the private sector. Either option needs market segmentation, common in the health sector, but not in agriculture. This paper analyzes options for pro-poor market segmentation for maize seed in Kenya, the most important agricultural technology in the country. Survey data from 1800 households were analyzed to calculate maize seed use by wealth category and agroecological zone. Different market segmentation options were compared by calculating the number of beneficiaries, and the number and proportion of poor beneficiaries. Geographic targeting is not efficient; targeting the poorest districts leads to a high proportion of non-poor beneficiaries, while targeting low potential areas leads to low numbers of beneficiaries because of sparse population and low maize production. Self-selection by targeting technologies like varieties and small seed packages is also not efficient because poor and non-poor farmers use similar technologies. Two options have potential: direct targeting, expensive but with limited leakage, and tiered pricing, likely much cheaper but with high proportions of non-poor beneficiaries. C1 [De Groote, Hugo; Mugo, Stephen N.; Munyua, Bernard G.; Banziger, Marianne] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya. [Hall, Michael D.] USAID, Nairobi, Kenya. [Spielman, David J.; Andam, Kwaw] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP De Groote, H (reprint author), Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr CIMMYT, POB 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya. EM h.degroote@cgiar.org OI Spielman, David/0000-0002-6889-7358 FU USAID; Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture FX The authors would like to thank USAID and the Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture for funding this research, the officers of Monsanto for their participation in the extensive discussions, the officers of the Kenyan Ministry of Agriculture for making their production and price data available, Domisiano Mwabu for organizing and analyzing the production data, the GIS centre at ILRI for providing the maps, and Patti Kristianson for providing the poverty data. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1684-5315 J9 AFR J BIOTECHNOL JI Afr. J. Biotechnol. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 10 IS 23 SI SI BP 4699 EP 4712 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 816OV UT WOS:000294612800004 ER PT J AU Malarcher, S Meirik, O Lebetkin, E Shah, I Spieler, J Stanback, J AF Malarcher, Shawn Meirik, Olav Lebetkin, Elena Shah, Iqbal Spieler, Jeff Stanback, John TI Provision of DMPA by community health workers: what the evidence shows SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE Community-health worker; Family planning; DMPA; Injectable contraception; Systematic review ID DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; INJECTIONS; PROGRAMS; RATES; WOMEN AB Background: To reduce a large unmet need for family planning in many developing countries, governments are increasingly looking to community health workers (CHWs) as an effective service delivery option for health care and as a feasible option to increase access to family planning services. This article synthesizes evidence on the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of community-based delivery of the injectable contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Study Design: Manual and electronic search and systematic review of published and unpublished documents on delivery of contraceptive injectables by CHWs. Results: Of 600 identified documents, 19 had adequate information on injectables, almost exclusively intramuscular DMPA, provided by CHWs. The data showed that appropriately trained CHW demonstrate competency in screening clients, providing DMPA injections safely and counseling on side effects, although counseling appears equally suboptimal in both clinic and community settings. Clients and CHWs report high rates of satisfaction with community-based provision of DMPA. Provision of DMPA in community-based programs using CHWs expanded access to underserved clients and led to increased uptake of family planning services. Conclusions: We conclude that DMPA can be provided safely by appropriately trained and supervised CHWs. The benefits of community-based provision of DMPA by CHWs outweigh any potential risks, and past experiences support increasing investments in and expansion of these programs. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Malarcher, Shawn; Spieler, Jeff] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Meirik, Olav] Inst Chileno Med Reprod ICMER, Santiago 8320164, Chile. [Lebetkin, Elena; Stanback, John] Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Shah, Iqbal] WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Malarcher, S (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off Populat & Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM smalarcher@usaid.gov FU Family Health International; USID; World Health Organization FX Funding for this study was provided by Family Health International, USID and World Health Organization. NR 52 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD JUN PY 2011 VL 83 IS 6 BP 495 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.08.013 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 771QW UT WOS:000291176800002 PM 21570545 ER PT J AU Linnemayr, S Lawson, BS Glick, P Wagner, G AF Linnemayr, Sebastian Lawson, Brooke Stearns Glick, Peter Wagner, Glenn TI Economic Status and Coping Mechanisms of Individuals Seeking HIV Care in Uganda SO JOURNAL OF AFRICAN ECONOMIES LA English DT Article ID ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT; ADULT MORTALITY; SOUTH-AFRICA; HIV/AIDS; IMPACT; KENYA; HOUSEHOLDS; OUTCOMES; COHORT; AGE AB This study uses novel data to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the demographic and economic circumstances facing HIV-positive individuals who have just entered HIV care in Uganda. While the provision of HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may improve physical health, to achieve the broader goal of improving the quality of life and socioeconomic viability of people living with HIV/AIDS, appropriate social and economic programmes may need to complement treatment. We report results from baseline data of a longitudinal, prospective cohort study with a 12-month follow-up period in two Ugandan HIV clinics. We use t-tests to examine differences across sample subpopulations and in a second step employ multivariate logistic and ordinary least squares regressions. The investigation of retrospective variables such as the respondent's employment and income history, as well as changes in household composition, allows us to draw conclusions about the shocks experienced by households with HIV-positive members. We find that the study participants have experienced job loss and declining household income since testing HIV-positive, mainly due to worsened health status of the respondent. We also find that households use a range of coping mechanisms, such as changes in household composition or borrowing in response to these shocks, but that these strategies are not accessible to all types of households to the same degree. The findings highlight the importance of ART, not only to improve physical health, but also as a first necessary (though potentially not sufficient) step to help households restore their economic capacity. C1 [Linnemayr, Sebastian; Glick, Peter; Wagner, Glenn] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90401 USA. [Lawson, Brooke Stearns] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Linnemayr, S (reprint author), RAND Corp, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA 90401 USA. EM slinnema@rand.org NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0963-8024 J9 J AFR ECON JI J. Afr. Econ. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 505 EP 529 DI 10.1093/jae/ejr014 PG 25 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 770AW UT WOS:000291060400005 ER PT J AU Baker, DP Leon, J Greenaway, EGS Collins, J Movit, M AF Baker, David P. Leon, Juan Greenaway, Emily G. Smith Collins, John Movit, Marcela TI The Education Effect on Population Health: A Reassessment SO POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREFRONTAL CORTEX; MASS EDUCATION; MORTALITY; EXPANSION; INTELLIGENCE; INEQUALITIES; CHILDREN; LIFE; IQ; ASSOCIATION AB Demographic research frequently reports consistent and significant associations between formal educational attainment and a range of health risks such as smoking, drug abuse, and accidents, as well as the contraction of many diseases, and health outcomes such as mortality-almost all indicating the same conclusion: better-educated individuals are healthier and live longer. Despite the substantial reporting of a robust education effect, there is inadequate appreciation of its independent influence and role as a causal agent. To address the effect of education on health in general, three contributions are provided: 1) a macro-level summary of the dimensions of the worldwide educational revolution and a reassessment of its causal role in the health of individuals and in the demographic health transition are carried out; 2) a meta-analysis of methodologically sophisticated studies of the effect of educational attainment on all-cause mortality is conducted to establish the independence and robustness of the education effect on health; and 3) a schoolingcognition hypothesis about the influence of education as a powerful determinant of health is developed in light of new multidisciplinary cognitive research. C1 [Baker, David P.] Penn State Univ, Populat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Collins, John] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Movit, Marcela] Amer Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Baker, DP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Populat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD007514, T32 HD007514-12] NR 97 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 12 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0098-7921 EI 1728-4457 J9 POPUL DEV REV JI Popul. Dev. Rev. PD JUN PY 2011 VL 37 IS 2 BP 307 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00412.x PG 27 WC Demography; Sociology SC Demography; Sociology GA 783VT UT WOS:000292112800004 PM 21984851 ER PT J AU Filler, SJ Berruti, AA Menzies, N Berzon, R Ellerbrock, TV Ferris, R Blandford, JM AF Filler, Scott J. Berruti, Andres A. Menzies, Nick Berzon, Rick Ellerbrock, Tedd V. Ferris, Robert Blandford, John M. TI Characteristics of HIV Care and Treatment in PEPFAR-Supported Sites SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; workplace AB Background: The US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has supported the extension of HIV care and treatment to 2.4 million individuals as of September 2009. With increasing resources targeted toward rapid scale-up, it is important to understand the characteristics of current PEPFAR-supported HIV care and treatment sites. Methods: Forty-five sites in Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Uganda, and Vietnam were sampled. Data were collected retrospectively from successive 6-month periods through reviews of facility records and interviews with site personnel between April 2006 and March 2007. Facility size and scale-up rate, patient characteristics, staffing models, clinical and laboratory monitoring, and intervention mix were compared. Results: Sites added a median of 293 patients per quarter. By the evaluation's end, sites supported a median of 1649 HIV patients, 922 of them receiving antiretroviral therapy. Patients were predominantly adult (97.4%), and the majority (96.5%) were receiving regimens based on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The ratios of physicians to patients dropped substantially as sites matured. Antiretroviral therapy patients were commonly seen monthly or quarterly for clinical and laboratory monitoring, with CD4 counts being taken at 6-month intervals. One-third of sites provided viral load testing. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was the most prevalent supportive service. Conclusions: HIV treatment sites scaled up rapidly with the influx of resources and technical support through PEPFAR, providing complex health services to progressively expanding patient cohorts. Human resources are stretched thin, and delivery models and intervention mix differ widely between sites. Ongoing research is needed to identify best-practice service delivery models. C1 [Filler, Scott J.; Berruti, Andres A.; Menzies, Nick; Ellerbrock, Tedd V.; Blandford, John M.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Berruti, Andres A.; Menzies, Nick] ICF Macro, Atlanta, GA USA. [Berzon, Rick; Ferris, Robert] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Filler, SJ (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Global Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SFiller@cdc.gov FU US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA FX Supported by: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY 1 PY 2011 VL 57 IS 1 BP E1 EP E6 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182158980 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 749YU UT WOS:000289509100001 PM 21346585 ER PT J AU Webster, J Theodoratou, E Nair, H Seong, AC Zgaga, L Huda, T Johnson, HL Madhi, S Rubens, C Zhang, JSF El Arifeen, S Krause, R Jacobs, TA Brooks, AW Campbell, H Rudan, I AF Webster, Julia Theodoratou, Evropi Nair, Harish Seong, Ang Choon Zgaga, Lina Huda, Tanvir Johnson, Hope L. Madhi, Shabir Rubens, Craig Zhang, Jian Shayne F. El Arifeen, Shams Krause, Ryoko Jacobs, Troy A. Brooks, Abdullah W. Campbell, Harry Rudan, Igor TI An evaluation of emerging vaccines for childhood pneumococcal pneumonia SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH RESEARCH INVESTMENTS; REDUCE GLOBAL MORTALITY; CONJUGATE VACCINE; SETTING PRIORITIES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PHASE-1 TRIAL; DISEASE; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTION AB Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) or pneumococcus is estimated to cause 821,000 child deaths each year. It has over 90 serotypes, of which 7 to 13 serotypes are included in current formulations of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines that are efficacious in young children. To further reduce the burden from SP pneumonia, a vaccine is required that could protect children from a greater diversity of serotypes. Two different types of vaccines against pneumococcal pneumonia are currently at varying stages of development: a multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine covering additional SP serotypes; and a conserved common pneumococcal protein antigen (PPA) vaccine offering protection for all serotypes. Methods: We used a modified CHNRI methodology for setting priorities in health research investments. This was done in two stages. In Stage I, we systematically reviewed the literature related to emerging SP vaccines relevant to several criteria of interest: answerability; efficacy and effectiveness; cost of development, production and implementation; deliverability, affordability and sustainability; maximum potential for disease burden reduction; acceptability to the end users and health workers; and effect on equity. In Stage II, we conducted an expert opinion exercise by inviting 20 experts (leading basic scientists, international public health researchers, international policy makers and representatives of pharmaceutical companies). The policy makers and industry representatives accepted our invitation on the condition of anonymity, due to sensitive nature of their involvement in such exercises. They answered questions from CHNRI framework and their "collective optimism" towards each criterion was documented on a scale from 0 to 100%. Results: The experts expressed very high level of optimism (over 80%) that low-cost polysaccharide conjugate SP vaccines would satisfy each of the 9 relevant CHNRI criteria. The median potential effectiveness of conjugate SP vaccines in reduction of overall childhood pneumonia mortality was predicted to be about 25% (interquartile range 20-38%, min. 15%, max 45%). For low cost, cross-protective common protein vaccines for SP the experts expressed concerns over answerability (72%) and the level of development costs (50%), while the scores for all other criteria were over 80%. The median potential effectiveness of common protein vaccines in reduction of overall childhood pneumonia mortality was predicted to be about 30% (interquartile range 26-40%, min. 20%, max 45%). Conclusions: Improved SP vaccines are a very promising investment that could substantially contribute to reduction of child mortality world-wide. C1 [Webster, Julia; Theodoratou, Evropi; Nair, Harish; Seong, Ang Choon; Zgaga, Lina; Zhang, Jian Shayne F.; Campbell, Harry; Rudan, Igor] Univ Edinburgh, Global Hlth Acad, Ctr Populat Hlth Sci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Nair, Harish] Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India. [Huda, Tanvir; El Arifeen, Shams; Brooks, Abdullah W.] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Johnson, Hope L.; Brooks, Abdullah W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Madhi, Shabir] Univ Witwatersrand, Natl Res Fdn Vaccine Preventable Dis, Dept Sci & Technol, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. [Madhi, Shabir] Univ Witwatersrand, MRC, Resp & Meningeal Pathogens Res Unit, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. [Rubens, Craig] Ctr Childhood Infect & Prematur Res, Seattle, WA USA. [Krause, Ryoko] Int Federat Pharmaceut Manufacturers & Assoc, Geneva, Switzerland. [Jacobs, Troy A.] GH HIDN MCH, USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Rudan, Igor] Univ Split, Sch Med, Croatian Ctr Global Hlth, Split, Croatia. RP Rudan, I (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Global Hlth Acad, Ctr Populat Hlth Sci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. EM irudan@hotmail.com RI Nair, Harish/E-7431-2010; Rudan, Igor/I-1467-2012; Theodoratou, Evropi/C-3430-2014; OI Nair, Harish/0000-0002-9432-9100; Rudan, Igor/0000-0001-6993-6884; Theodoratou, Evropi/0000-0001-5887-9132; Zgaga, Lina/0000-0003-4089-9703 FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [51285] FX This work was supported by the grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation No. 51285 ("Modelling the impact of emerging interventions against pneumonia"). NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD APR 13 PY 2011 VL 11 SU 3 AR S26 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S3-S26 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759XC UT WOS:000290281000026 PM 21501444 ER PT J AU Peabody, J Shimkhada, R Quimbo, S Florentino, J Bacate, M McCulloch, CE Solon, O AF Peabody, John Shimkhada, Riti Quimbo, Stella Florentino, Jhiedon Bacate, Marife McCulloch, Charles E. Solon, Orville TI Financial Incentives And Measurement Improved Physicians' Quality Of Care In The Philippines SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID PAY-FOR-PERFORMANCE; HEALTH-CARE; STANDARDIZED PATIENTS; CLINICAL VIGNETTES; PREVENTIVE CARE; PUBLIC RELEASE; EXPERIENCE; PROSPECTS; ENGLAND; IMPACT AB The merits of using financial incentives to improve clinical quality have much appeal, yet few studies have rigorously assessed the potential benefits. The uncertainty surrounding assessments of quality can lead to poor policy decisions, possibly resulting in increased cost with little or no quality improvement, or missed opportunities to improve care. We conducted an experiment involving physicians in thirty Philippine hospitals that overcomes many of the limitations of previous studies. We measured clinical performance and then examined whether modest bonuses equal to about 5 percent of a physician's salary, as well as system-level incentives that increased compensation to hospitals and across groups of physicians, led to improvements in the quality of care. We found that both the bonus and system-level incentives improved scores in a quality measurement system used in our study by ten percentage points. Our findings suggest that when careful measurement is combined with the types of incentives we studied, there may be a larger impact on quality than previously recognized. C1 [Peabody, John] Univ Calif San Francisco, Epidemiol & Biostat Div, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Shimkhada, Riti] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Quimbo, Stella; Solon, Orville] Univ Philippines, Sch Econ, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. [Florentino, Jhiedon] US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth Policy Dev Program, Manila, Philippines. [Bacate, Marife] Asian Dev Bank, Manila, Philippines. [Peabody, John] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [McCulloch, Charles E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Peabody, John] Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Peabody, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Epidemiol & Biostat Div, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM peabody@psg.ucsf.edu RI Shimkhada, Riti/N-7823-2016 OI Shimkhada, Riti/0000-0002-5177-4853 FU US National Institutes of Health [HD042117] FX The Quality Improvement Demonstration Study is funded by the US National Institutes of Health through an R01 grant (No. HD042117). NR 37 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD APR PY 2011 VL 30 IS 4 BP 773 EP 781 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0782 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 746HE UT WOS:000289233400031 PM 21471500 ER PT J AU Pop-Eleches, C Thirumurthy, H Habyarimana, JP Zivin, JG Goldstein, MP de Walque, D MacKeen, L Haberer, J Kimaiyo, S Sidle, J Ngare, D Bangsberg, DR AF Pop-Eleches, Cristian Thirumurthy, Harsha Habyarimana, James P. Zivin, Joshua G. Goldstein, Markus P. de Walque, Damien MacKeen, Leslie Haberer, Jessica Kimaiyo, Sylvester Sidle, John Ngare, Duncan Bangsberg, David R. TI Mobile phone technologies improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting: a randomized controlled trial of text message reminders SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE adherence; antiretroviral therapy; HIV/AIDS; mobile phones; randomized controlled trial; sub-Saharan Africa; text message reminders ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; THERAPY ADHERENCE; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE; INTERVENTIONS; HEALTH; KENYA; CARE; NONADHERENCE AB Objective: There is limited evidence on whether growing mobile phone availability in sub-Saharan Africa can be used to promote high adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study tested the efficacy of short message service (SMS) reminders on adherence to ART among patients attending a rural clinic in Kenya. Design: A randomized controlled trial of four SMS reminder interventions with 48 weeks of follow-up. Methods: Four hundred and thirty-one adult patients who had initiated ART within 3 months were enrolled and randomly assigned to a control group or one of the four intervention groups. Participants in the intervention groups received SMS reminders that were either short or long and sent at a daily or weekly frequency. Adherence was measured using the medication event monitoring system. The primary outcome was whether adherence exceeded 90% during each 12-week period of analysis and the 48-week study period. The secondary outcome was whether there were treatment interruptions lasting at least 48 h. Results: In intention-to-treat analysis, 53% of participants receiving weekly SMS reminders achieved adherence of at least 90% during the 48 weeks of the study, compared with 40% of participants in the control group (P = 0.03). Participants in groups receiving weekly reminders were also significantly less likely to experience treatment interruptions exceeding 48 h during the 48-week follow-up period than participants in the control group (81 vs. 90%, P = 0.03). Conclusion: These results suggest that SMS reminders may be an important tool to achieve optimal treatment response in resource-limited settings. (c) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Thirumurthy, Harsha; Goldstein, Markus P.; de Walque, Damien] World Bank, Dev Res Grp, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Pop-Eleches, Cristian] Columbia Univ, Sch Int & Publ Affairs, New York, NY USA. [Pop-Eleches, Cristian] Columbia Univ, Dept Econ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Thirumurthy, Harsha] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Habyarimana, James P.] Georgetown Univ, Publ Policy Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Zivin, Joshua G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Int Relat & Pacific Studies, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [MacKeen, Leslie] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Haberer, Jessica] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Kimaiyo, Sylvester] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Sidle, John] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Sidle, John] Moi Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Ngare, Duncan] Moi Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Eldoret, Kenya. [Bangsberg, David R.] Ragon Inst MGH MIT & Harvard, Boston, MA USA. [Haberer, Jessica] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Global Hlth, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Bangsberg, David R.] Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Mbarara, Uganda. RP Thirumurthy, H (reprint author), World Bank, Dev Res Grp, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. EM hthirumurthy@worldbank.org RI de Walque, Damien/K-7049-2012; Emchi, Karma/Q-1952-2016; OI de Walque, Damien/0000-0003-1592-7602; Graff Zivin, Joshua/0000-0002-0820-4900 FU Bank Netherlands Partnership Program (BNPP) [71 44 565, 7 142 349]; United States Agency for International Development; National Institute of Mental Health [87228, 87227] FX The World Bank Research Group provided financial support for this study under contracts 7 142 349 and 71 44 565 funded by the Bank Netherlands Partnership Program (BNPP). This research was also supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). J.H. and D. R. B. received support from the National Institute of Mental Health (87228 and 87227, respectively). NR 43 TC 315 Z9 320 U1 1 U2 54 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 825 EP 834 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834380c1 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 736IR UT WOS:000288487400013 PM 21252632 ER PT J AU Gray, R Ssempiija, V Shelton, J Serwadda, D Nalugoda, F Kagaayi, J Kigozi, G Wawer, MJ AF Gray, Ron Ssempiija, Victor Shelton, James Serwadda, David Nalugoda, Fred Kagaayi, Joseph Kigozi, Godfrey Wawer, Maria J. TI The contribution of HIV-discordant relationships to new HIV infections in Rakai, Uganda SO AIDS LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; TRANSMISSION; MARRIAGE; COHORT; TRIAL; ACT AB We determined HIV infections in the Rakai cohort before (82/9434) and after (131/13082) the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The proportions of total HIV infections pre-ART and post-ART were 18.3% and 13.7%, respectively, among identifiable HIV-discordant couples, 23.2% and 26.0%, respectively, in concordant HIV-negative couples, 29.3% and 17.6% in married persons with unknown partner status, and 29.3% and 42.7% in the unmarried. Voluntary counseling and testing targeting discordant couples is unlikely to have a substantial impact in this setting. C1 [Gray, Ron; Wawer, Maria J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Ssempiija, Victor; Serwadda, David; Nalugoda, Fred; Kagaayi, Joseph; Kigozi, Godfrey] Uganda Virus Res Inst, Rakai Hlth Sci Program, Entebbe, Uganda. [Shelton, James] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Serwadda, David] Makerere Univ, Mulago Hosp Complex, Sch Publ Hlth, Kampala, Uganda. RP Gray, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM rgray@jhsph.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI075115]; NICHD NIH HHS [R24 HD042854] NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 27 PY 2011 VL 25 IS 6 BP 863 EP 865 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283448790 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 736IR UT WOS:000288487400019 PM 21326076 ER PT J AU Were, MC Shen, CY Tierney, WM Mamlin, JJ Biondich, PG Li, XC Kimaiyo, S Mamlin, BW AF Were, Martin C. Shen, Changyu Tierney, William M. Mamlin, Joseph J. Biondich, Paul G. Li, Xiaochun Kimaiyo, Sylvester Mamlin, Burke W. TI Evaluation of computer-generated reminders to improve CD4 laboratory monitoring in sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective comparative study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PREVENTIVE CARE; HUMAN-RESOURCES; HEALTH; CRISIS; RECORD AB Objective Little evidence exists on effective interventions to integrate HIV-care guidelines into practices within developing countries. This study tested the hypothesis that clinical summaries with computer-generated reminders could improve clinicians' compliance with CD4 testing guidelines in the resource-limited setting of sub-Saharan Africa. Design A prospective comparative study of two randomly selected outpatient adult HIV clinics in western Kenya. Printed summaries with reminders for overdue CD4 tests were made available to clinicians in the intervention clinic but not in the control clinic. Measurements Changes in order rates for overdue CD4 tests were compared between and within the two clinics. Results The computerized reminder system identified 717 encounters (21%) with overdue 004 tests. Analysis by study assignment (regardless of summaries being printed or not) revealed that with computer-generated reminders, CD4 order rates were significantly higher in the intervention clinic compared to the control clinic (53% vs 38%, OR=1.80, CI 1.34 to 2.42, p<0.0001). When comparison was restricted to encounters where summaries with reminders were printed, order rates in intervention clinic were even higher (63%). The intervention clinic increased CD4 ordering from 42% before reminders to 63% with reminders (50% increase, OR=2.32, CI 1.67 to 3.22, p<0.0001), compared to control clinic with only 8% increase from prestudy baseline (CI 0.83 to 1.46, p=0.51). Limitations Evaluation was conducted at two clinics in a single institution. Conclusions Clinical summaries with computer-generated reminders significantly improved clinician compliance with CD4 testing guidelines in the resource-limited setting of sub-Saharan Africa. This technology can have broad applicability to improve quality of HIV care in these settings. C1 [Were, Martin C.; Shen, Changyu; Tierney, William M.; Mamlin, Joseph J.; Biondich, Paul G.; Li, Xiaochun; Mamlin, Burke W.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Were, Martin C.; Shen, Changyu; Tierney, William M.; Biondich, Paul G.; Li, Xiaochun; Mamlin, Burke W.] Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Kimaiyo, Sylvester] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Mamlin, Joseph J.; Kimaiyo, Sylvester] USAID AMPATH Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Were, MC (reprint author), Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, 410 W 10th St,Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM mwere@regenstrief.org FU Abbott Fund; United States Agency for International Development FX This work was supported by a grant from the Abbott Fund, and in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 18 IS 2 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1136/jamia.2010.005520 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 739LJ UT WOS:000288718400009 PM 21252053 ER PT J AU Maricle, GE AF Maricle, Genevieve E. TI Prediction as an Impediment to Preparedness: Lessons from the US Hurricane and Earthquake Research Enterprises SO MINERVA LA English DT Article DE Disasters; Science funding; Earthquakes; Hurricanes; Prediction ID SCIENCE; POLICY AB No matter one's wealth or social position, all are subject to the threats of natural hazards. Be it fire, flood, hurricane, earthquake, tornado, or drought, the reality of hazard risk is universal. In response, governments, non-profits, and the private sector all support research to study hazards. Each has a common end in mind: to increase the resilience of vulnerable communities. While this end goal is shared across hazards, the conception of how to get there can diverge considerably. The earthquake and hurricane research endeavors in the US provide an illustrative contrast. The earthquake community sets out to increase resilience through a research process that simultaneously promotes both high quality and usable - preparedness-focused - science. In order to do so, the logic suggests that research must be collaborative, responsive, and transparent. Hurricane research, by contrast, largely promotes high quality science - predictions - alone, and presumes that usability should flow from there. This process is not collaborative, responsive, or transparent. Experience suggests, however, that the latter model - hurricane research - does not prepare communities or decision makers to use the high quality science it has produced when a storm does hit. The predictions are good, but they are not used effectively. Earthquake research, on the other hand, is developed through a collaborative process that equips decision makers to know and use hazards research knowledge as soon as an earthquake hits. The contrast between the two fields suggests that earthquake research is more likely to meet the end goal of resilience than is hurricane research, and thus that communities might be more resilient to hurricanes were the model by which research is funded and conducted to change. The earthquake research experience can provide lessons for this shift. This paper employs the Public Value Mapping (PVM) framework to explore these two divergent public value logics, their end results, and opportunities for improvement. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, PPL P, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Maricle, GE (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, PPL P, Rm 6-9-063,1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM gmaricle@gmail.com NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0026-4695 J9 MINERVA JI Minerva PD MAR PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 87 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s11024-011-9166-2 PG 25 WC Education & Educational Research; History & Philosophy Of Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; History & Philosophy of Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 739ZG UT WOS:000288760200005 ER PT J AU Beatty, ME Beutels, P Meltzer, MI Shepard, DS Hombach, J Hutubessy, R Dessis, D Coudeville, L Dervaux, B Wichmann, O Margolis, HS Kuritsky, JN AF Beatty, Mark E. Beutels, Philippe Meltzer, Martin I. Shepard, Donald S. Hombach, Joachim Hutubessy, Raymond Dessis, Damien Coudeville, Laurent Dervaux, Benoit Wichmann, Ole Margolis, Harold S. Kuritsky, Joel N. TI Health Economics of Dengue: A Systematic Literature Review and Expert Panel's Assessment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ADJUSTED LIFE-YEARS; FEVER/DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; AEGYPTI CONTROL PROGRAMS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; PUERTO-RICO; CONTINGENT VALUATION; VIRUS-INFECTION; VECTOR CONTROL; PRIMARY-SCHOOL AB Dengue vaccines are currently in development and policymakers need appropriate economic studies to determine their potential financial and public health impact. We searched five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, LILAC, EconLit, and WHOLIS) to identify health economics studies of dengue. Forty-three manuscripts were identified that provided primary data: 32 report economic burden of dengue and nine are comparative economic analyses assessing various interventions. The remaining two were a willingness-to-pay study and a policymaker survey. An expert panel reviewed the existing dengue economic literature and recommended future research to fill information gaps. Although dengue is an important vector-borne disease, the economic literature is relatively sparse and results have often been conflicting because of use of inconsistent assumptions. Health economic research specific to dengue is urgently needed to ensure informed decision making on the various options for controlling and preventing this disease. C1 [Beatty, Mark E.] Int Vaccine Inst, Pediat Dengue Vaccine Initiat, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Antwerp, Ctr Hlth Econ Res & Modeling Infect Dis, Ctr Evaluat Vaccinat, Vaccine & Infect Dis Inst, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Beutels, Philippe] Univ Antwerp, Ctr Hlth Econ Res & Modeling Infect Dis CHERMID, Ctr Evaluat Vaccinat, Vaccine & Infect Dis Inst VAXINFECTIO, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Meltzer, Martin I.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC CCID NCPDCID DEISS, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shepard, Donald S.] Brandeis Univ, Heller Sch, Schneider Inst Hlth Policy, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. [Hombach, Joachim; Hutubessy, Raymond] World Hlth Org, Initiat Vaccine Res, Geneva, Switzerland. [Dessis, Damien] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Wavre, Belgium. [Coudeville, Laurent] Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France. [Dervaux, Benoit] Univ Catholique Lille, Lille, France. [Wichmann, Ole] Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. [Margolis, Harold S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR USA. [Kuritsky, Joel N.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Beatty, ME (reprint author), Int Vaccine Inst, Pediat Dengue Vaccine Initiat, San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 Dong, Seoul, South Korea. EM mbeatty@pdvi.org; philippe.beutels@ua.ac.be; qzm4@CDC.GOV; shepard@brandeis.edu; hombachj@who.int; hutubessyr@who.int; damien.dessis@gskbio.com; laurent.coudeville@sanofipasteur.com; benoit.dervaux@univ-lille2.fr; WichmannO@rki.de; hsm1@cdc.gov; jkuritsky@usaid.gov RI Beutels, Philippe/A-1919-2010; Dervaux, Benoit/A-7161-2014; Calmette, Albert/Q-2318-2016; OI Beutels, Philippe/0000-0001-5034-3595; Calmette, Albert/0000-0002-1852-0122; Wichmann, Ole/0000-0003-2353-7188 FU Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation FX PDVI is funded solely by The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (www.gatesfoundation.org). The systematic review was completed as part of the routine work of PDVI. The donor had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 102 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 84 IS 3 BP 473 EP 488 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0521 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 730AK UT WOS:000287995600020 PM 21363989 ER PT J AU Bacheller, S AF Bacheller, Susan TI Susan Bacheller, 1958-2010 OBITUARY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Agcy Int Dev, TB TEAM, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Bacheller, S (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, TB TEAM, Global Hlth Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM cmohan@usaid.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2011 VL 15 IS 3 BP 426 EP 426 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 729WH UT WOS:000287984200030 ER PT J AU Klausner, JD Serenata, C O'Bra, H Mattson, CL Brown, JW Wilson, M Mbengashe, T Goldman, TM AF Klausner, Jeffrey D. Serenata, Celicia O'Bra, Heidi Mattson, Christine L. Brown, J. W. Wilson, Melinda Mbengashe, Thobile Goldman, Thurma M. TI Scale-Up and Continuation of Antiretroviral Therapy in South African Treatment Programs, 2005-2009 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; treatment; South Africa; adherence; scale-up AB Background: South Africa has the greatest burden of HIV-infection in the world with about 5.2 million HIV-infected adults. In 2003, the South African Government launched a comprehensive HIV and AIDS care treatment program supported by the United States in 2004 through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Methods: To describe the scale-up and continuation of antiretroviral therapy in South African Government and PEPFAR-supported sites in South Africa, we conducted a retrospective analysis of routinely collected program reporting data, 2005-2009. Results: From 2005 through 2009, the average rate of persons initiated on antiretroviral therapy in PEPFAR-supported South African Government treatment programs increased nearly four-fold from 6,327 a month in 2005-2006 to 24,622 a month in 2008-2009 resulting in an increase from 33,543 patients on continued treatment in April-June 2005 to 631,985 patients in July-September 2009. Of those 631,985 patients receiving treatment, 65% were women. Men were more likely to be lost to follow- up (9.2% vs. 7.8%, PR 1.18, 95% CI 1.17-1.19) and more likely to die (5.6% vs. 4.1%, PR 1.36, 95% CI 1.35-1.37) than women. Conclusions: Scale-up and continuation of antiretroviral therapy in South Africa has been a remarkable medical accomplishment. Because more women receive and continue treatment, more efforts are needed to treat and retain men. C1 [Klausner, Jeffrey D.; Serenata, Celicia; O'Bra, Heidi; Mattson, Christine L.; Goldman, Thurma M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Brown, J. W.; Wilson, Melinda] US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth Programs, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Mbengashe, Thobile] Natl Dept Hlth Programs, Pretoria, South Africa. RP Klausner, JD (reprint author), 877 Pretorius Ave, ZA-0083 Pretoria, South Africa. EM klausnerj@sa.cdc.gov NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR PY 2011 VL 56 IS 3 BP 292 EP 295 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182067d99 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 728HD UT WOS:000287864300027 PM 21317587 ER PT J AU Kigen, G Kimaiyo, S Nyandiko, W Faragher, B Sang, E Jakait, B Owen, A Back, D Gibbons, S Seden, K Khoo, SH AF Kigen, Gabriel Kimaiyo, Sylvester Nyandiko, Winstone Faragher, Brian Sang, Edwin Jakait, Beatrice Owen, Andrew Back, David Gibbons, Sara Seden, Kay Khoo, Saye H. CA USAID-Acad Model Prevention TI Prevalence of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions Involving Antiretroviral Drugs in a Large Kenyan Cohort SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; THERAPY; PHARMACOKINETICS; INHIBITORS; INFECTION; RISK AB Background: Clinically significant drug-drug interactions (CSDIs) involving antiretrovirals are frequent and under-recognized in developed countries, but data are lacking for developing countries. Methodology and Principal Findings: To investigate the prevalence of CSDIs between antiretrovirals and coadministered drugs, we surveyed prescriptions dispensed in a large HIV clinic in Kenya. Of 1040 consecutive patients screened, 996 were eligible for inclusion. CSDIs were defined as 'major' (capable of causing severe or permanent damage, contraindicated, avoid or not recommended by the manufacturer, or requiring dose modification) or 'moderate' (manufacturers advise caution, or close monitoring, or capable of causing clinical deterioration). A total of 334 patients (33.5%) were at risk for a CSDI, potentially lowering antiretroviral drug concentrations in 120 (12%) patients. Major interactions most frequently involved rifampicin (12.4%, mostly with efavirenz) and azoles (2.7%) whereas moderate interactions were frequently azoles (13%), steroids (11%), and antimalarials (3%). Multivariable analyses suggested that patients at risk for CSDIs had lower CD4 counts (P = 0.006) and baseline weight (P = 0.023) and WHO Stage 3 or 4 disease (P <= 0.007). Risk for CSDIs was not associated with particular regimens, although only 116 (11.6%) patients were receiving WHO second line regimens. Conclusions: One in three patients receiving antiretrovirals in our programme were at risk of CSDIs. Strategies need to be urgently developed to avoid important drug interactions, to identify early markers of toxicity and to manage unavoidable interactions safely in order to reduce risk of harm, and to maximize the effectiveness of mass antiretroviral deployment in Africa. C1 [Kigen, Gabriel; Jakait, Beatrice] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Eldoret, Kenya. [Kigen, Gabriel; Owen, Andrew; Back, David; Gibbons, Sara; Khoo, Saye H.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Pharmacol, Inst Translat Med, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Kimaiyo, Sylvester; Nyandiko, Winstone; Sang, Edwin] Moi Univ, Sch Med, USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Faragher, Brian] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. [Seden, Kay; Khoo, Saye H.] Royal Liverpool Univ Hosp, NIHR Biomed Res Ctr Microbial Dis, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Kigen, G (reprint author), Moi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Eldoret, Kenya. EM khoo@liv.ac.uk OI Owen, Andrew/0000-0002-9819-7651 FU United States Agency for International Development; Government of Kenya; British HIV Association; European AIDS Clinical Society; International Conference on Drug Therapies in HIV Infection; Elton John AIDS Foundation; GlaxoSmithKline; Abbott; Merck; Bristol Myers Squibb; Boehringer Ingelheim; Tibotec; Gilead; Pfizer; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR - Department of Health); Northwest Development Agency (NWDA); UK National Institute for Health Research FX This research was supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). GK received a scholarship from the Government of Kenya for PhD studies in Liverpool. The Liverpool HIV Drug Interaction Website receives support from the British HIV Association, The European AIDS Clinical Society, the International Conference on Drug Therapies in HIV Infection and the Elton John AIDS Foundation, as well as GlaxoSmithKline, Abbott, Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Tibotec, Gilead, Pfizer and infrastructural and project support from the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR - Department of Health) and the Northwest Development Agency (NWDA). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.; The Liverpool Drug Interactions website (DJB, SK, SG) receives sponsorship from GlaxoSmithKline, Abbott, Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Tibotec, Gilead, Pfizer. The website also receives funding from the UK National Institute for Health Research, the British HIV Association, The European AIDS Clinical Society and proceeds from the International Conference on Drug Therapies in HIV Infection. All other authors have declared no other competing interests from other sources with the submitted work and no financial relationships between themselves, their spouses, partners, or children relevant to the submitted work. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 23 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 AR e16800 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016800 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 725PJ UT WOS:000287657500018 PM 21373194 ER PT J AU Ashton, RA Kefyalew, T Tesfaye, G Pullan, RL Yadeta, D Reithinger, R Kolaczinski, JH Brooker, S AF Ashton, Ruth A. Kefyalew, Takele Tesfaye, Gezahegn Pullan, Rachel L. Yadeta, Damtew Reithinger, Richard Kolaczinski, Jan H. Brooker, Simon TI School-based surveys of malaria in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: a rapid survey method for malaria in low transmission settings SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA; SCHOOLCHILDREN; FALCIPARUM; AFRICA; TESTS; RISK AB Background: In Ethiopia, malaria transmission is seasonal and unstable, with both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax endemic. Such spatial and temporal clustering of malaria only serves to underscore the importance of regularly collecting up-to-date malaria surveillance data to inform decision-making in malaria control. Cross-sectional school-based malaria surveys were conducted across Oromia Regional State to generate up-to-date data for planning malaria control interventions, as well as monitoring and evaluation of operational programme implementation. Methods: Two hundred primary schools were randomly selected using a stratified and weighted sampling frame; 100 children aged five to 18 years were then randomly chosen within each school. Surveys were carried out in May 2009 and from October to December 2009, to coincide with the peak of malaria transmission in different parts of Oromia. Each child was tested for malaria by expert microscopy, their haemoglobin measured and a simple questionnaire completed. Satellite-derived environmental data were used to assess ecological correlates of Plasmodium infection; Bayesian geostatistical methods and Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic were employed to investigate spatial heterogeneity. Results: A total 20,899 children from 197 schools provided blood samples, two selected schools were inaccessible and one school refused to participate. The overall prevalence of Plasmodium infection was found to be 0.56% (95% CI: 0.46-0.67%), with 53% of infections due to P. falciparum and 47% due to P. vivax. Of children surveyed, 17.6% (95% CI: 17.0-18.1%) were anaemic, while 46% reported sleeping under a mosquito net the previous night. Malaria was found at 30 (15%) schools to a maximum elevation of 2,187 metres, with school-level Plasmodium prevalence ranging between 0% and 14.5%. Although environmental variables were only weakly associated with P. falciparum and P. vivax infection, clusters of infection were identified within Oromia. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the marked spatial heterogeneity of malaria in Oromia and, in general, Ethiopia, and provide a strong epidemiological basis for planning as well as monitoring and evaluating malaria control in a setting with seasonal and unstable malaria transmission. C1 [Ashton, Ruth A.; Kefyalew, Takele; Tesfaye, Gezahegn] Malaria Consortium Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Ashton, Ruth A.; Kolaczinski, Jan H.] Malaria Consortium Africa, Kampala, Uganda. [Ashton, Ruth A.; Pullan, Rachel L.; Kolaczinski, Jan H.; Brooker, Simon] Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. [Yadeta, Damtew] Oromia Reg Hlth Bur, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Brooker, Simon] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Ashton, RA (reprint author), Malaria Consortium Ethiopia, POB 110224,Ethiochina Rd, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM r.ashton@malariaconsortium.org FU U.S. Agency for International Development [663-A-00-09-00404-00]; Federal Ministry of Health; Oromia Regional Health and Education Bureaus; John-Henry Credland Memorial Fund; Wellcome Trust [081673] FX We are grateful to all the teachers, children and parents who participated in this survey and to the members of the survey teams who diligently completed the difficult task of surveying thousands of school children. This study was funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (Cooperative Agreement 663-A-00-09-00404-00). We also acknowledge the support provided by the Federal Ministry of Health and Oromia Regional Health and Education Bureaus. The authors thank Bob Snow for comments on an earlier draft. RA receives additional support from the John-Henry Credland Memorial Fund. SB is supported by a Research Career Development Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust (#081673). NR 59 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD FEB 3 PY 2011 VL 10 AR 25 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-10-25 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 740RO UT WOS:000288812300001 PM 21288368 ER PT J AU Nguyen, HTH Rajkotia, Y Wang, H AF Nguyen, Ha T. H. Rajkotia, Yogesh Wang, Hong TI The financial protection effect of Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme: evidence from a study in two rural districts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EQUITY IN HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PAYMENTS; PAY AB Background: One of the key functions of health insurance is to provide financial protection against high costs of health care, yet evidence of such protection from developing countries has been inconsistent. The current study uses the case of Ghana to contribute to the evidence pool about insurance's financial protection effects. It evaluates the impact of the country's National Health Insurance Scheme on households' out-of-pocket spending and catastrophic health expenditure. Methods: We use data from a household survey conducted in two rural districts, Nkoranza and Offinso, in 2007, two years after the initiation of the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme. To address the skewness of health expenditure data, the absolute amount of out-of-pocket spending is estimated using a two-part model. We also conduct a probit estimate of the likelihood of catastrophic health expenditures, defined at different thresholds relative to household income and non-food consumption expenditure. The analysis controls for chronic and self-assessed health conditions, which typically drive adverse selection in insurance. Results: At the time of the survey, insurance coverage was 35 percent. Although the benefit package of insurance is generous, insured people still incurred out-of-pocket payment for care from informal sources and for uncovered drugs and tests at health facilities. Nevertheless, they paid significantly less than the uninsured. Insurance has been shown to have a protective effect against the financial burden of health care, reducing significantly the likelihood of incurring catastrophic payment. The effect is particularly remarkable among the poorest quintile of the sample. Conclusions: Findings from this study confirm the positive financial protection effect of health insurance in Ghana. The effect is stronger among the poor group than among general population. The results are encouraging for many low income countries who are considering a similar policy to expand social health insurance. Ghana's experience also shows that instituting insurance by itself is not adequate to remove fully the out-of-pocket payment for health. Further works are needed to address the supply side's incentives and quality of care, so that the insured can enjoy the full benefits of insurance. C1 [Nguyen, Ha T. H.; Wang, Hong] ABT Associates Inc, Int Hlth Div, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Rajkotia, Yogesh] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Nguyen, HTH (reprint author), ABT Associates Inc, Int Hlth Div, 4550 Montgomery Ave,Suite 800 N, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM Ha_Nguyen@abtassoc.com NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-9276 J9 INT J EQUITY HEALTH JI Int. J. Equity Health PD JAN 19 PY 2011 VL 10 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1475-9276-10-4 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 714SN UT WOS:000286829400001 PM 21247436 ER PT J AU Worthington, SA Pipa, T AF Worthington, Samuel A. Pipa, Tony BE Kharas, H Makino, K Jung, W TI Private Development Assistance: The Importance of International NGOs and Foundations in a New Aid Architecture SO CATALYZING DEVELOPMENT: A NEW VISION FOR AID LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Pipa, Tony] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Policy Planning & Learning, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-81572-134-5 PY 2011 BP 61 EP 82 PG 22 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA BBQ21 UT WOS:000307844000003 ER PT S AU Fox, E AF Fox, Elizabeth BE Fisher, A Lucas, S TI THE LONGER TERM IMPACT OF U. S. PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN THE AMERICAS DURING WWII SO TRIALS OF ENGAGEMENT: THE FUTURE OF US PUBLIC DIPLOMACY SE Diplomatic Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Fox, Elizabeth] American Univ, Sch Int Serv, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Fox, E (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E J BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-8863 BN 978-90-474-4175-5 J9 DIPLOMAT STUD PY 2011 VL 6 BP 149 EP 159 D2 10.1163/ej.9789004179400.i-309 PG 11 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BYR64 UT WOS:000299899800010 ER PT J AU Kathuria, AK AF Kathuria, Ashi Kohli BE Vir, SC TI Planning result-oriented public health nutrition programs: theory and practice SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kathuria, Ashi Kohli] World Bank, New Delhi, India. [Kathuria, Ashi Kohli] USAID, New Delhi, India. RP Kathuria, AK (reprint author), World Bank, New Delhi, India. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85709-004-1 PY 2011 BP 982 EP 1029 D2 10.1533/9780857093905 PG 48 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BYP90 UT WOS:000299699200038 ER PT J AU Ranis, G Irons, M Huang, YJ AF Ranis, Gustav Irons, Mallory Huang, Yanjing BE FitzGerald, V Heyer, J Thorp, R TI Technology Change: Sources and Impediments SO OVERCOMING THE PERSISTENCE OF INEQUALITY AND POVERTY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ECONOMIC-GROWTH; DIFFUSION C1 [Ranis, Gustav; Huang, Yanjing] Yale Univ, Econ Growth Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ranis, Gustav] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Ranis, G (reprint author), Yale Univ, Econ Growth Ctr, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-23030-672-1 PY 2011 BP 45 EP 72 D2 10.1057/9780230306721 PG 28 WC Economics; Social Issues; Social Work; Sociology SC Business & Economics; Social Issues; Social Work; Sociology GA BVT02 UT WOS:000292698800003 ER PT J AU Lawaetz, S Smyser, C AF Lawaetz, Simone Smyser, Connie BE Marquez, P Rufin, C TI Challenges and opportunities in electricity service provision for urban BOP communities SO PRIVATE UTILITIES AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION: MARKET INITATIVES AT THE BASE OF THE PYRAMID LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lawaetz, Simone] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Smyser, Connie] Smyser Associates, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Lawaetz, S (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-538-3 PY 2011 BP 134 EP 156 PG 23 WC Business; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BTX55 UT WOS:000288369400008 ER PT J AU McCornick, PG Pasch, J AF McCornick, Peter G. Pasch, John BE Parker, R Sommer, M TI Water and Health Fragile Sources SO ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [McCornick, Peter G.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Pasch, John] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP McCornick, PG (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-83272-1 PY 2011 BP 145 EP 153 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BVZ61 UT WOS:000293213300014 ER PT J AU Waldman, RJ Kruk, ME AF Waldman, Ronald J. Kruk, Margaret E. BE Parker, R Sommer, M TI Conflict, Health, and Health Systems A Global Perspective SO ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; REFUGEE CAMPS; MORTALITY; POPULATIONS; THAILAND; OUTBREAK; NEEDS; WAR C1 [Waldman, Ronald J.; Kruk, Margaret E.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Waldman, Ronald J.] US Agcy Int Dev, Avian Influenza & Other Emerging Threats Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Waldman, RJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-83272-1 PY 2011 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BVZ61 UT WOS:000293213300022 ER PT J AU Perks, R AF Perks, Rachel BE LahiriDutt, K TI Towards a Post-Conflict Transition: Women and Artisanal Mining in the Democratic Republic of Congo SO GENDERING THE FIELD: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS FOR MINING COMMUNITIES SE Asia-Pacific Environment Monograph LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Perks, Rachel] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Perks, R (reprint author), Univ Reading, Sch Agr Policy & Dev, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV PI CANBERRA ACT PA P O BOX 4, 2600 CANBERRA ACT, AUSTRIA BN 978-1-92186-217-5 J9 ASIA-PAC ENV MONOGR PY 2011 VL 6 BP 177 EP 195 PG 19 WC Economics; Industrial Relations & Labor; Women's Studies SC Business & Economics; Women's Studies GA BVH30 UT WOS:000291552300011 ER PT J AU Greenstein, J AF Greenstein, Jacob TI Planning, Design, and Construction of Low-Cost Roads and Bridge Accessibility Considerations After Conflict and Natural Disasters in Haiti and Selected Areas in Africa and Latin America SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The goal of donors in poor countries and in countries after conflicts and natural disasters has been to restore safe road accessibility, create employment, and build the local capacity of road infrastructure management. The paper presents the engineering considerations and the socioeconomic outcomes of low-cost road and bridge improvement and maintenance projects that have been planned and implemented at various locations around the world. The 2008 Haitian rainy season caused a complete collapse of the transport system, including the Ennery Bridge, as well as major crop destruction. The U.S. Agency for International Development supported the Haitian government to accelerate the restoration of safe accessibility over the Ennery River by building a 60-m two-lane ford in 2 months in 2009. In southern Sudan, demining work along priority roads had to be completed before the implementation of basic engineering activities needed to develop effective road improvement work. Low-volume road projects in Latin America demonstrated that hundreds of community-based microenterprises can produce effective road maintenance services on more than 15,000 km of unpaved roads at an average cost of $700/km/year. In the Central African Republic, the low cost of reconstruction of roads and timber-deck bridges was essential to the provision of affordable accessibility. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. RP Greenstein, J (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, 12917 Stallion Court, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. EM jgreenstein@usaid.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2011 IS 2203 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.3141/2203-17 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 818HU UT WOS:000294743400019 ER PT B AU Teller, C Hailemariam, A AF Teller, Charles Hailemariam, Assefa BE Teller, C Hailemariam, A TI The Complex Nexus Between Population Dynamics and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Conceptual Framework of Demographic Response and Human Adaptation to Societal and Environmental Hazards SO DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: THE UNIQUE CASE OF ETHIOPIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Vulnerability; Hazards; Demographic response; Migration; Conceptual framework; Food insecurity; Development ID VULNERABILITY; ETHIOPIA AB The demographic transition "theory" or framework has been the main preoccupation of modern scientific demography in the past 60 years. However, other than the generality of mortality declining before fertility, there is little consensus on the timing, pace and causality related to socio-economic development In heterogeneous sub-Saharan Africa, the western-based transition theory is not very predictive of the variation in the pace of the transition, and does not take into account the realities of multiple risks and the dynamics of on-going vulnerabilities and hazards in addressing poverty, instability, food insecurity, excess mortality and globalization. It is important that population dynamics are well integrated into poverty reduction, climate adaptation, and transformation and development policies and programs. To that end, over the past 15 years, we have been using the A. Adepoju approach to rethinking the study of population dynamics in Africa, and adapting the K Davis framework of multi-phasic change and response and the R. Bilsborrow focus on agricultural pressure and migration. In the volatile Horn of Africa, the human ecology and geo-political structure of the population-environment-economy-political-technology-socio-cultural nexus are the crucial context These produce short and long-term demographic responses, adaptation and social change at micro community, household and community levels, that in turn change the timing and pace of the demographic transition. Some of the key demographic responses to high vulnerability and frequent hazards and shocks include migration, labor mobility, delays in marriage and family formation, abortion and divorce. The role of a policy-relevant academic book is to foster research on innovative theories, realistic conceptual frameworks, rigorous evaluation and practical field methods. These can strengthen capacity for monitoring human development targets, but also for evidence-based evaluation and decision-making to accelerate the pace of the demographic transition and the capturing of the potential demographic dividend in sub-Saharan Africa C1 [Teller, Charles] Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Dev Studies, Ctr Populat Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Teller, Charles] US Agcy Int Dev, Ctr Dev & Populat Act, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Univ Addis Ababa, Demog Training & Res Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Teller, C (reprint author), Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Dev Studies, Ctr Populat Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-8917-5 PY 2011 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2_1 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BUO52 UT WOS:000289928500001 ER PT B AU Teller, C Hailemariam, A Gebreselassie, T AF Teller, Charles Hailemariam, Assefa Gebreselassie, Tesfayi BE Teller, C Hailemariam, A TI The Nature, Pace and Determinants of the Incipient Fertility Transition in Ethiopia, 1984-2007: Can the 4.0 TFR Target for 2015 be Met? SO DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: THE UNIQUE CASE OF ETHIOPIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Fertility transition; Under-five mortality; Demographic targets; Population pressure; Marriage ID MORTALITY AB We document the trends and nature of an incipient demographic transition since the first Ethiopian national census in 1984, and attempt to predict the acceleration of rural fertility transition in order to meet the 2015 national population target in the total fertility rate (TFR) of 4.0 by 2015. The most reliable and comprehensive national data sources are used for both primary and secondary analysis: the fertility level and related determinants from the major national demographic surveys of 1990, 2000 and 2005. There have been marked declines in under-five mortality and urban fertility since 1990, but the rural-urban fertility gap has widened to nearly 4 children. However, we expect the lagging rural fertility decline to begin to accelerate, due to a combination of both demand and supply factors: perceived greater survival of children and reduced desire for additional children; later age at first marriage, increased girl's secondary education, rising youth aspirations and increasing access to maternal health and family planning services. These social development factors are also being mediated in the rural context by population pressure on the land and environment, increased labor mobility and food insecurity, along with the rising cost of raising children. These factors, along with socio-cultural change, should serve as a depressant to early family formation and the initiation and timing of childbearing. Thus, the national target of reducing TFR to 4.0 by the year 2015 is within reach if greater priority and commitment are given to meeting youth life course aspirations and to improving the use and the quality of maternal health and family planning services and appropriate education C1 [Teller, Charles] Univ Addis Ababa, Ctr Populat Studies, Coll Dev Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Gebreselassie, Tesfayi] ICF Macro, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Univ Addis Ababa, Demog Training & Res Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Populat Studies & Res Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Populat Assoc Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Brown Univ, Off Int Programs, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Gebreselassie, Tesfayi] Univ Addis Ababa, Dept Econ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Gebreselassie, Tesfayi] Macro Int Inc, Monitoring & Evaluat Assess & Use Results MEASURE, Bethesda, MD USA. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] AAU, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Teller, Charles] Inst Nutr Centroamer & Panama INCAP, WHO, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Teller, Charles] UNFPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] US Dept HHS, Off Int Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] Ctr Dev & Populat Act, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Teller, C (reprint author), Univ Addis Ababa, Ctr Populat Studies, Coll Dev Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM profcharlesteller@gmail.com; assefahm3@gmail.com; profcharlesteller@gmail.com; assefahm3@gmail.com NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-8917-5 PY 2011 BP 45 EP 68 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2_3 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BUO52 UT WOS:000289928500003 ER PT B AU Djamba, YK Teller, C AF Djamba, Yanyi K. Teller, Charles BE Teller, C Hailemariam, A TI The Importance of Permanent and Temporary Migration for Occupational Mobility in Urban Centers: Young Women are Doing Better than Young Men SO DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: THE UNIQUE CASE OF ETHIOPIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Temporary and permanent migration; Occupational mobility; Gender differentials; Population pressure; Labor force participation ID GENDER-DIFFERENCES; SEX AB This chapter explores the importance of migration and related labor force participation in the poverty reduction, youth/gender/population and development policy environment of Ethiopia. Internal migration is conceptualized both as a survival as well as social mobility strategy: as one of the main multi-phasic responses to population pressures on the one hand, and to social and economic change on the other. Thus we carried out a special Migration, Health, Gender and Development Survey in 1998 in the five major regions, with the major city and one migratory-prone purposively selected rural area selected in each legion. A total of 1.616 households were covered, and within each household, up to three individuals above 13 years of age were interviewed in depth about their migration experiences. In total, 2,500 individuals were interviewed, among whom 1,685 were living in urban areas. We find that migration, and especially temporary migration, has helped women to enter the labor force It is common for divorcees or widows to have to move and be forced to find employment twice as high a percentage of temporary migrant women worked after migration as before movement. Even among permanent migrant women, almost 35% were working after migration, compared to only one-fourth before movement By contrast, male migrants' participation rates were more variable, with the labor force participation rate higher for permanent migrants after their move, but lower among temporary migrants. We find that migration has also had some effect on the sex integration of specific types of occupations. In general, the overall labor force distribution between males and females is more similar after migration than before, especially for temporary migrants Thus especially temporary migration has helped women benefit more in occupational mobility than men. For policy purposes, facilitating permanent migration is one way of improving SES, and temporary migration in relieving population pressure on the land and seasonal food insecurity. C1 [Djamba, Yanyi K.] Auburn Univ, Ctr Demog Res, Montgomery, AL 36124 USA. [Teller, Charles] Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Dev Studies, Ctr Populat Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] AAU, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Teller, Charles] Inst Nutr Centroamer & Panama INCAP, WHO, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Teller, Charles] UNFPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] US Dept HHS, Off Int Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] Ctr Dev & Populat Act, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Djamba, YK (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Ctr Demog Res, Montgomery, AL 36124 USA. EM ydjamba@aum.edu; profcharlesteller@gmail.com; profcharlesteller@gmail.com NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-8917-5 PY 2011 BP 187 EP 211 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2_10 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2 PG 25 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BUO52 UT WOS:000289928500010 ER PT B AU Teller, C AF Teller, Charles BE Teller, C Hailemariam, A TI Are there Mixed Malthusian and Boserupian Consequences of Population Pressure and Food Insecurity? Vulnerability and Demographic Responses in 16 Drought-Prone Districts Throughout Ethiopia SO DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: THE UNIQUE CASE OF ETHIOPIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Population pressure; Vulnerability Food/nutrition insecurity; Labor migration; Agricultural diversification; Malthusian Boserupian Resilience and adaptation; Climate change AB This was a national, capacity-building vulnerability assessment and profiling project carried out in 16 carefully targeted drought-prone districts in 1999-2002 by the Ethiopian Federal government in collaboration with regional multisectoral government counterparts and university researchers. It used a coordinated, consensus-building approach of assessing interdisciplinary and multilevel aspects of population/food insecurity and disease interrelationships In the process, both Malthusian and Boserupian theories were used to hypothesize that demographic change and response are important risks as well as appropriate adaptations to frequent natural and human hazards. To compliment the scarcity and unreliability of secondary data and information systems from relevant ministries and international organizations, primary data were collected on a multistage, stratified random sample of 10,000 households in 93 communities in 16 drought-prone districts, and spread out in the four most populated regions. The most demographically vulnerable households were found to be either newly formed, or old age and/or female headed, or with many siblings under 10 years of age. The most important assets for household resilience to drought continue to be access to arable land, draft animals and adult labor Household coping strategies and resilience to structural vulnerability were common, with off-farm labor, temporary migration and income diversification as the more successful adaptations. This participatory research finds support for neither the Malthusian nor Boserupian effects, exclusively: there seems to be no direct and consistent causal relationship between crude population-land pressure, rapid population growth and vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity. The effect of population density is a combination of contextual, technological, organizational, infrastructural and ecological factors and conditions. There are such large inter-district and agro-ecological variation in different types vulnerability that require contextual and micro-level assessment to establish valid criteria for targeting of more effective famine prevention, risk reduction and climate adaptation programs. As part of poverty and food insecurity/disaster risk reduction policies, demographic strategies would include labor migration, carefully planned resettlement, small and large urban center development, and delayed transitions to adulthood and childbearing. C1 [Teller, Charles] Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Dev Studies, Ctr Populat Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] AAU, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Teller, Charles] Inst Nutr Centroamer & Panama INCAP, WHO, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Teller, Charles] UNFPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] US Dept HHS, Off Int Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] Ctr Dev & Populat Act, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Teller, C (reprint author), Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Dev Studies, Ctr Populat Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM profcharlesteller@gmail.com; profcharlesteller@gmail.com NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-8917-5 PY 2011 BP 237 EP 263 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2_12 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2 PG 27 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BUO52 UT WOS:000289928500012 ER PT B AU Tibebu, S AF Tibebu, Senait BE Teller, C Hailemariam, A TI Population, Family Planning and Long-Term Development Goals: "Predicting an Unpredictable Future" SO DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: THE UNIQUE CASE OF ETHIOPIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Population; Development; Policy; Middle income; Projection; Fertility; Family planning AB There is a growing need for evidence-based and concrete information about the interrelationship between population and development by policymakers in many countries This paper provides information on the contribution of population to the realization of Ethiopia's vision of "extricating itself from poverty and becoming a middle-income economy". It uses a computer model "Spectrum" to project the population to the year 2035 under two fertility decline scenarios and links it with the growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The assumptions for the two projections are: (1) High fertility decline scenario at TFR 2.1 in contrast to a low fertility decline scenario at 3.4 TFR by 2035, and (2) A faster development scenario with GDP growth of 10 1% annually, in contrast with a lower development scenario with 7.3% annual GDP growth. Under the fast fertility decline assumption, the population will reach at 128 million, and in the slow decline scenario it will be 148 million. Under the fast fertility decline and high growth scenario, GDP per capita will reach around $1,400, allowing the country to join the middle income category in 2035. We conclude that the country might be able to achieve its middle-income development vision under the fast fertility decline scenario if GDP grows by more than 10% and accompanied by a massive family planning program and giving attention to quality social services, such as education, health care and women's empowerment. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth Policy Initiat, Futures Grp Int, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Tibebu, S (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth Policy Initiat, Futures Grp Int, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM senait.tibebu@gmail.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-8917-5 PY 2011 BP 285 EP 301 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2_14 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BUO52 UT WOS:000289928500014 ER PT B AU Hailemariam, A Alayu, S Teller, C AF Hailemariam, Assefa Alayu, Solomon Teller, Charles BE Teller, C Hailemariam, A TI The National Population Policy (NPP) of Ethiopia: Achievements, Challenges and Lessons Learned, 1993-2010 SO DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: THE UNIQUE CASE OF ETHIOPIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Fertility; Mortality; Early marriage; Gender equality; Evaluation; Institutional coordination AB This chapter assesses the implementation of the 1993 National Population Policy (NPP) of Ethiopia. Policy documents, censuses, survey results, research findings, development plans and program reports are used as sources of data in writing the chapter. It is shown that considerable progress has been made in the areas of reproductive health service delivery, population data collection and research, training and population information, education and communication. The population growth rate declined from 2.9% during the intercensal period 1984-1994 to 2.6% during the period 1994-2007; total fertility rate declined from 6.4 children per woman in 1990 to 5.4 in 2005; contraceptive prevalence (CPR) increased from less than 5% in 1990 to about 15% in 2005; infant mortality (IMR) decreased from 97/1,000 in 2000 to 77/1,000 in 2005; and maternal mortality declined from over 1,000 deaths per 100,000 live births in the late 1980s and early 1990s to 871 in 2000 and it further declined to 673 in 2005. Moreover, steps were taken to remove all legal and customary practices against the social, economic and reproductive health rights of women and legislative measures were designed that are instrumental in eradicating all harmful traditional practices. The failure to establish the National Population Council, absence of legally defined structure at regional level, weak coordination and institutional arrangements, little or no monitoring and evaluation system, and lack of a comprehensive population program are some of the problems that have hindered the enhanced implementation of the policy. Therefore, renewed commitment of policy and decision makers is required to establish these needed coordinating mechanisms for implementing the policy. C1 [Hailemariam, Assefa; Teller, Charles] Univ Addis Ababa, Ctr Populat Studies, Coll Dev Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] AAU, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Teller, Charles] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Teller, Charles] Ctr Dev & Populat Act, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] US Dept HHS, Off Int Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] UNFPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] Inst Nutr Centroamer & Panama INCAP, WHO, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Univ Addis Ababa, Demog Training & Res Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Populat Studies & Res Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Populat Assoc Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Brown Univ, Off Int Programs, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Alayu, Solomon] Minist Finance & Econ Dev, Populat Affairs Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Hailemariam, A (reprint author), Univ Addis Ababa, Ctr Populat Studies, Coll Dev Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM assefahm3@gmail.com; profcharlesteller@gmail.com; profcharlesteller@gmail.com; assefahm3@gmail.com NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-8917-5 PY 2011 BP 303 EP 321 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2_15 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BUO52 UT WOS:000289928500015 ER PT B AU Teller, C Hailemariam, A Teklu, N AF Teller, Charles Hailemariam, Assefa Teklu, Negash BE Teller, C Hailemariam, A TI Barriers to Access and Effective Use of Data and Research for Development Policy in Ethiopia SO DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: THE UNIQUE CASE OF ETHIOPIA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Evidence-based decision-making; Demographic data use; Data access; Data demand; Development policy; M&E systems; Media Culture of transparency; Institutional capacity AB The principle of evidence-based decision-making for development policy and planning is now well accepted, and population data are of critical importance Some ministries (eg. Health) are even including targets for program managers in the "use of reliable data in 75% of their decisions". In 2008-2009, four African countries were selected for a study to assess the demand for, access to and use of demographic data for development decision making. In the Ethiopia case study presented here, the authors carried out nearly 100 key informant interviews of decision makers, key advisors, planners and media, at Federal and regional levels, plus follow up dialogue with selected and forthcoming policy advisors. The main finding is that demand for demographic data has increased, with the heightened need for monitoring international (eg, poverty. Cairo conference and MDG) targets and national results-based planning, as well as decentralized and locally empowered planning However, there is still weak demand by International partners for developing strong and transparent national M&E systems. The demand and supply side barriers to effective use include: limited awareness of the value and type of data available: differing sources of information available on the same indicator (eg., contraceptive prevalence, ante-natal care) with contradictory estimates; old, unrepresentative and non-disaggregated data: research and survey findings not communicated well to policymakers, and skepticism and even mistrust of unexpected demographic statistics. Applied research, rigorous evaluation and data generation and analytical capacity in the country are weak, and the lack of demographic media expertise exacerbates the data use gap The overall recommendation is advocacy for a culture of transparent information in order to rebuild trust and promote strategic use, as well as active involvement of the media to promote awareness of the importance of demographic data for development. Technical and institutional capacity building include the strengthening of key statistical, research and data collection institutions: improving true international partnerships towards increasing local ownership for large scale demographic data collection, research and M&E systems. It is also Important to resolving key indicator contradictions between service statistics and household surveys through committed harmonization of sources, improve communications between data analysts, media and policymakers, and the creation of a well-functioning National Population Council. More research is needed on the socio-cultural and historical barriers to enabling a greater culture of reliable data. C1 [Teller, Charles] Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Dev Studies, Ctr Populat Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teklu, Negash] Populat Hlth & Environm PHE Ethiopia Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Univ Addis Ababa, Demog Training & Res Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Populat Studies & Res Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Populat Assoc Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Brown Univ, Off Int Programs, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Teller, Charles] AAU, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Teller, Charles] Inst Nutr Centroamer & Panama INCAP, WHO, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Teller, Charles] UNFPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] US Dept HHS, Off Int Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] Ctr Dev & Populat Act, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Teller, C (reprint author), Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Dev Studies, Ctr Populat Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM profcharlesteller@gmail.com; assefahm3@gmail.com; profcharlesteller@gmail.com; assefahm3@gmail.com NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-8917-5 PY 2011 BP 323 EP 337 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2_16 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BUO52 UT WOS:000289928500016 ER PT B AU Teller, C Hailemariam, A AF Teller, Charles Hailemariam, Assefa BE Teller, C Hailemariam, A TI Conclusions and Policy Implications SO DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: THE UNIQUE CASE OF ETHIOPIA LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter DE Population policy and development; Demographic dividend; Fertility transition; Evaluation; Sub-Saharan Africa; Resilience; Adaptation AB The hook documents numerous ways in which large and rapidly growing Ethiopia is demographically unique from the rest of sub-Saharan Africa: the second most populated country in Africa, the largest rural-urban gap in fertility in Africa, the only city in East and Southern Africa with below replacement fertility, and by far the lowest maternal health service coverage. It also acknowledges Ethiopia's unexpected progress towards meeting most of the human development MDGs, in child health and undernutrition, HIV/AIDS, education and water, and thus one of the few SSA countries on track (in 2010) in most goals. Within the African context, Ethiopia is in the incipient stages of the fertility transition, with the overwhelming majority in rural areas lagging far behind urban areas. The book presents a revised framework for the study of the multiple causes of the demographic transition, including demographic responses and adaptation to frequent shocks and hazards. Using various case studies, it documents the multiple demographic structures and responses to these risks and on-going vulnerabilities. with migration and labor mobility, as well as changing youth aspirations and delayed marriage, as important adaptations. We predict an acceleration of the incipient rural fertility decline, and the potential of reaping a demographic dividend. However, the increasing proportion of the population in the working age category can only be transformed into an economic bonus if there are adequate preparations for skilled youth jobs, agricultural intensification. technological adaptation, educational efficiency, healthier lifestyles, higher youth aspirations, better governance. improved infrastructure, and higher quality institutions. Finally we conclude that there has been unsatisfactory implementation of the 1993 National Population Policy, and that the need to redress the imbalance between population growth and resources has not progressed well, with growing population pressure and environmental degradation. The government's draft (Sept. 2010) Growth and Transformation Policy sets forth ambitious population and human development targets for the MDG deadline of 2015. Thus, given in this context, we list the implications for strengthening policy implementation, research and data analysis capacity, and harmonization of demographic data within useful M&E systems. C1 [Teller, Charles] Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Dev Studies, Ctr Populat Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] AAU, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Teller, Charles] Ctr Dev & Populat Act, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Teller, Charles] UNFPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Teller, Charles] US Dept HHS, Off Int Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Teller, Charles] Inst Nutr Centroamer & Panama INCAP, WHO, Guatemala City, Guatemala. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Univ Addis Ababa, Demog Training & Res Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Populat Studies & Res Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Populat Assoc Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailemariam, Assefa] Brown Univ, Off Int Programs, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Teller, C (reprint author), Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Dev Studies, Ctr Populat Studies, Inst Populat Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM profcharlesteller@gmail.com; assefahm3@gmail.com; profcharlesteller@gmail.com; assefahm3@gmail.com NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-8917-5 PY 2011 BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2_17 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8918-2 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BUO52 UT WOS:000289928500017 ER PT J AU Gakenheimer, R Dimitriou, HT AF Gakenheimer, Ralph Dimitriou, Harry T. BE Dimitriou, HT Gakenheimer, R TI Urban Transport in the Developing World A Handbook of Policy and Practice Introduction SO URBAN TRANSPORT IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: A HANDBOOK OF POLICY AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Gakenheimer, Ralph] MIT, Int Dev Grp, Dept Urban Studies & Planning, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. US Natl Acad Sci, Comm Transportat Dev Countries, Transportat Res Board, Washington, DC USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] Amer Inst Certified Planners, New York, NY USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph; Dimitriou, Harry T.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] Inter Amer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Dimitriou, Harry T.] UCL, OMEGA Ctr, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Dimitriou, Harry T.] UN HABITAT, Nairobi, Kenya. [Dimitriou, Harry T.] World Bank Inst, Quezon City, Philippines. [Dimitriou, Harry T.] United Nations Dev Programme, New York, NY 10017 USA. [Dimitriou, Harry T.] Govt Republ Indonesia, Washington, DC USA. [Dimitriou, Harry T.] Hong Kong Govt, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Gakenheimer, R (reprint author), MIT, Int Dev Grp, Dept Urban Studies & Planning, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84720-205-5 PY 2011 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Transportation; Urban Studies SC Transportation; Urban Studies GA BUE17 UT WOS:000288992500002 ER PT J AU Dimitriou, HT Gakenheimer, R AF Dimitriou, Harry T. Gakenheimer, Ralph BE Dimitriou, HT Gakenheimer, R TI Urban Transport in the Developing World A Handbook of Policy and Practice Preface SO URBAN TRANSPORT IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: A HANDBOOK OF POLICY AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Dimitriou, Harry T.] UCL, OMEGA Ctr, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Dimitriou, Harry T.] World Bank Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Dimitriou, Harry T.] Hong Kong Govt, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] MIT, Dept Urban Studies & Planning, Int Dev Grp, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Dimitriou, HT (reprint author), UCL, OMEGA Ctr, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84720-205-5 PY 2011 BP XVI EP XXIII PG 8 WC Transportation; Urban Studies SC Transportation; Urban Studies GA BUE17 UT WOS:000288992500001 ER PT J AU Gakenheimer, R AF Gakenheimer, Ralph BE Dimitriou, HT Gakenheimer, R TI Land use and transport in rapidly motorizing cities: contexts of controversy SO URBAN TRANSPORT IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: A HANDBOOK OF POLICY AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Gakenheimer, Ralph] MIT, Int Dev Grp, Dept Urban Studies & Planning, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] US Natl Acad Sci, Transportat Res Board, Comm Transportat Developing Countries, Washington, DC USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] Amer Inst Certifi Planners, New York, NY USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] Inter Amer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Gakenheimer, R (reprint author), MIT, Int Dev Grp, Dept Urban Studies & Planning, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84720-205-5 PY 2011 BP 40 EP 68 PG 29 WC Transportation; Urban Studies SC Transportation; Urban Studies GA BUE17 UT WOS:000288992500004 ER PT J AU Dimitriou, HT Gakenheimer, R AF Dimitriou, Harry T. Gakenheimer, Ralph BE Dimitriou, HT Gakenheimer, R TI Conclusions: emergent crucial themes SO URBAN TRANSPORT IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: A HANDBOOK OF POLICY AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Dimitriou, Harry T.] UCL, OMEGA Ctr, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Dimitriou, Harry T.] UN HABITAT, Nairobi, Kenya. [Dimitriou, Harry T.] World Bank Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Dimitriou, Harry T.; Gakenheimer, Ralph] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Dimitriou, Harry T.] United Nations Dev Programme, New York, NY USA. [Dimitriou, Harry T.] Hong Kong Govt, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] MIT, Int Dev Grp, Dept Urban Studies & Planning, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] US Natl Acad Sci, Transportat Res Board, Comm Transportat Dev Countries, Washington, DC USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] Amer Inst Certified Planners, New York, NY USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] Inter Amer Dev Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Gakenheimer, Ralph] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Dimitriou, HT (reprint author), UCL, OMEGA Ctr, London WC1E 6BT, England. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84720-205-5 PY 2011 BP 589 EP 603 PG 15 WC Transportation; Urban Studies SC Transportation; Urban Studies GA BUE17 UT WOS:000288992500021 ER PT J AU Carroll, D AF Carroll, Dennis TI Investments and Challenges in Developing a Risk-Based Approach for Predicting and Preventing Emerging Pandemic Threats: An Overview and Strategic Framework for Addressing Emerging Threats SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carroll, Dennis] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PY 2011 VL 7 SU 1 BP S134 EP S134 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728VB UT WOS:000287901500238 ER PT J AU Gillette, S Turk, JM AF Gillette, Shana Turk, Joyce M. TI Adapting Livestock Systems to Climate Change: Communicating One Health SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gillette, Shana] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Turk, Joyce M.] USAID, Off Agr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PY 2011 VL 7 SU 1 BP S74 EP S75 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728VB UT WOS:000287901500126 ER PT J AU Linehan, M Hanson, C Weaver, A Baker, M Kabore, A Zoerhoff, KL Sankara, D Torres, S Ottesen, EA AF Linehan, Mary Hanson, Christy Weaver, Angela Baker, Margaret Kabore, Achille Zoerhoff, Kathryn L. Sankara, Dieudonne Torres, Scott Ottesen, Eric A. TI Integrated Implementation of Programs Targeting Neglected Tropical Diseases through Preventive Chemotherapy Proving the Feasibility at National Scale SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SCHISTOSOMIASIS; ELIMINATION; AFRICA AB In 2006, the United States Agency for International Development established the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) Control Program to facilitate integration of national programs targeting elimination or control of lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and blinding trachoma By the end of year 3, 12 countries were supported by this program that focused first on disease mapping where needed, and then on initiating or expanding disease specific programs in a coordinated/integrated fashion The number of persons reached each year increased progressively, with a cumulative total during the first three years of 98 million persons receiving 222 million treatments with donated drugs valued at more than $1 4 billion Geographic coverage increased substantially for all these infections, and the program has supported training of more than 220,000 persons to implement the programs This current experience of the NTD Control Program demonstrates clearly that an integrated approach to control or eliminate these five neglected diseases can be effective at full national scale C1 [Linehan, Mary; Zoerhoff, Kathryn L.; Ottesen, Eric A.] RTI Int, Neglected Trop Dis Control Program, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Hanson, Christy] US Agcy Int Dev, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Baker, Margaret] Georgetown Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Sch Nursing & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Kabore, Achille] Liverpool Associates Trop Hlth, Neglected Trop Dis Control Program, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Zoerhoff, KL (reprint author), RTI Int, Neglected Trop Dis Control Program, 805 15th St NW,Suite 601, Washington, DC 20005 USA. FU United States Agency for International Development FX This study and the NTD Control Program were supported by the United States Agency for International Development NR 19 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 84 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0411 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 702OK UT WOS:000285903800003 PM 21212194 ER PT J AU Garrison, KG AF Garrison, Kama G. TI Lowering Risk: From Policy to Practices SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Garrison, Kama G.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PY 2011 VL 7 SU 1 BP S136 EP S137 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728VB UT WOS:000287901500242 ER PT J AU Cassidy, D Goszczynska, T Burnet, J Hirschauer, U Gebeyehu, S Sileshi, GW Korsten, L AF Cassidy, Dermot Goszczynska, Teresa Burnet, John Hirschauer, Ulrike Gebeyehu, Solomon Sileshi, Gudeta W. Korsten, Lise TI Determination of the status of the etiological agent of American foulbrood, Paenibacillus larvae, in Swaziland SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE American foulbrood; honey; survey design; market access; sub-Saharan Africa ID APIS-MELLIFERA COLONIES; SUBSP LARVAE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; HONEY; SPORES; PCR; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; PULVIFACIENS; PROPOSAL AB American foulbrood (AFB) is a cosmopolitan disease affecting both larval and pupal stages of honey bees. There are considerable doubts about the true status of AFB in Africa and there is, indeed, some evidence that sub-Saharan Africa, until recently, was largely free of AFB. Requirements for honey imports into South Africa are governed by a concern for the potential introduction of AFB. The study describes a cost effective and simple methodology for science-based trade in honey from Swaziland into South Africa that complies with the guidelines developed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). C1 [Cassidy, Dermot; Gebeyehu, Solomon] USAID, ZA-0054 Pretoria, South Africa. [Goszczynska, Teresa] Plant Protect Res Inst, Agr Res Council, ZA-0121 Pretoria, South Africa. [Burnet, John] Eswatini Swazi Kitchen Honey, Manzini, Swaziland. [Hirschauer, Ulrike] TechnoServe Inc, Ezulwini, Swaziland. [Sileshi, Gudeta W.] Chitedze Agr Res Stn, World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, SADC ICRAF Agroforestry Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Korsten, Lise] Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Cassidy, D (reprint author), USAID, POB 11218, ZA-0054 Pretoria, South Africa. EM dermot.cassidy@gmail.com FU USAID under SPS through United States Department of Agriculture - Foreign Agriculture Service (USDA-FAS) FX Funding and technical assistance for this study was made possible by a grant from USAID under their SPS support programme for the Southern African Development Community (SADC). This is through their Participatory Agency Services Agreement (PASA) with the United States Department of Agriculture - Foreign Agriculture Service (USDA-FAS). NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA 16 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF10 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2011 VL 50 IS 4 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.3896/IBRA.1.50.4.05 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 847YY UT WOS:000297013400005 ER PT J AU Burki, SK AF Burki, Shireen Khan BE Heath, J Zahedi, A TI The Politics of Zan from Amanullah to Karzai Lessons for Improving Afghan Women's Status SO LAND OF THE UNCONQUERABLE: THE LIVES OF CONTEMPORARY AFGHAN WOMEN LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Tribal Areas Dev Project, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Burki, SK (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Tribal Areas Dev Project, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-94899-0 PY 2011 BP 45 EP 59 D2 10.1525/california/9780520261853.001.0001 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Sociology; Women's Studies SC Anthropology; Sociology; Women's Studies GA BXX61 UT WOS:000297424600002 ER PT J AU Phelps, BR Rakhmanina, N AF Phelps, B. Ryan Rakhmanina, Natella TI Antiretroviral Drugs in Pediatric HIV-Infected Patients Pharmacokinetic and Practical Challenges SO PEDIATRIC DRUGS LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; STEADY-STATE PHARMACOKINETICS; OPTIMIZED BACKGROUND REGIMEN; DOSE COMBINATION TABLETS; TWICE-DAILY LAMIVUDINE; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS AB Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has been shown to achieve high therapeutic efficacy in treating pediatric HIV disease. The delivery of affordable, child friendly, and easy to store and administer ARV drugs is key to the successful management of HIV in children. In recent years, significant progress has been made in scaling up the access to pediatric ARV therapy among children worldwide. Despite the improved ARV drug access, multiple challenges remain concerning palatability and efficient delivery of ARV drugs to children from infancy into adolescence. Data are limited regarding developmental changes in pharmacokinetics of individual ARV drugs, and pediatric and adult fixed-dose combinations. This review provides a practical discussion regarding the pharmacokinetics of ARV agents in pediatric HIV-infected patients, as well as the practical challenges of currently available formulations, such as palatability of liquid formulations, challenges of crushing tablets, and using adult and pediatric fixed-dose combinations. C1 [Phelps, B. Ryan; Rakhmanina, Natella] George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Phelps, B. Ryan; Rakhmanina, Natella] George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Phelps, B. Ryan] USAID, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC USA. RP Rakhmanina, N (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, 3-5 West,111 Michigan Ave, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM nrakhman@cnmc.org NR 142 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ADIS INT LTD PI NORTHCOTE PA 5 THE WAREHOUSE WAY, NORTHCOTE 0627, AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND SN 1174-5878 EI 1179-2019 J9 PEDIATR DRUGS JI Pediatr. Drugs PY 2011 VL 13 IS 3 BP 175 EP 192 PG 18 WC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pediatrics; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 773FS UT WOS:000291293000006 PM 21500872 ER PT J AU Nigatu, T Woldegebriel, Y AF Nigatu, Tilahun Woldegebriel, Yoseph TI Analysis of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Service utilization in Ethiopia: 2006-2010 SO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Introduction: Although progressive improvements have been made in the coverage and quality of prevention of HIV/AIDS mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in Ethiopia, the national coverage remained persistently low. Analysis of the cascaded PMTCT services can reveal the advancements made and the biggest hurdles faced during implementation. Objective: To examine the progresses and unaddressed needs in access and utilization of PMTCT services in Ethiopia from 2006 to 2010 thereby developing best-fit regression models to predict the values of key PMTCT indicators at critical future points. Methods: Five-year national level PMTCT data were analyzed in a cascaded manner. Five levels of analysis were used for ten major PMTCT indicators. These included description of progress made, assessment of unaddressed needs, developing best-fit models, prediction for future points and estimation using constant prevalence. Findings were presented using numerical and graphic summaries. Results: Based on the current trend, Ethiopia could achieve universal ANC coverage by 2015. The prevalence of HIV at PMTCT sites has shown a four-fold decrease during the five-year period. This study has found that only 53% of known HIV-positive mothers and 48% of known HIV-exposed infants have received ARV prophylaxis. Based on assumption of constant HIV prevalence, the estimated ARV coverage was found to be 11.6% for HIV positive mothers and 8.4% for their babies. Conclusion: There has been a remarkable improvement in the potential coverage of PMTCT services due to rapid increase in the number of PMTCT service outlets. However, the actual coverage remained low. Integration of PMTCT services with grassroots level health systems could unravel the problem. C1 [Nigatu, Tilahun; Woldegebriel, Yoseph] USAID Ethiopia, Hlth AIDS Populat & Nutr Off, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Nigatu, T (reprint author), USAID Ethiopia, Hlth AIDS Populat & Nutr Off, POB 1014, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM tilahunigatu@gmail.com NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4755 J9 REPROD HEALTH JI Reprod. Health PY 2011 VL 8 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1742-4755-8-6 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V27IX UT WOS:000208608000006 PM 21496304 ER PT J AU Khwaja, MS AF Khwaja, Munawer Sultan BE Khwaja, MS Awasthi, R Loeprick, J TI Overview SO RISK-BASED TAX AUDITS: APPROACHES AND COUNTRY EXPERIENCES SE Directions in Development LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Khwaja, Munawer Sultan] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Khwaja, Munawer Sultan] US Agcy Int Dev, Afghanistan Econ Reconstruct Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Khwaja, MS (reprint author), World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD BANK INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20433 USA BN 978-0-8213-8755-9 J9 DIR DEV PY 2011 BP 1 EP 9 D2 10.1596/978-0-8213-8754-2 PG 9 WC Business, Finance; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BAN55 UT WOS:000304836700002 ER PT B AU Picard, LA AF Picard, Louis A. BA Menzel, DC White, HL BF Menzel, DC White, HL TI DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT Renewal and Discovery in the Twenty-first Century SO STATE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Picard, Louis A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Int Dev Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Picard, Louis A.] UNDP, New York, NY USA. [Picard, Louis A.] USAID, New York, NY USA. [Picard, Louis A.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. RP Picard, LA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Int Dev Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-1-317-45446-5; 978-0-7656-2504-5 PY 2011 BP 439 EP 452 PG 14 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BD8TC UT WOS:000364293200034 ER PT J AU Sing'Oei, AK AF Sing'Oei, Abraham Korir BE Blitz, BK Lynch, M TI Citizenship in Kenya: the Nubian case SO STATELESSNESS AND CITIZENSHIP: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE BENEFITS OF NATIONALITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sing'Oei, Abraham Korir] Ctr Minor Rights Dev CEMIRIDE, Nairobi, Kenya. [Sing'Oei, Abraham Korir] Human Rights, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Sing'Oei, Abraham Korir] Ctr Justice & Int Law, Washington, DC USA. [Sing'Oei, Abraham Korir] High Court Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Sing'Oei, Abraham Korir] African Commiss Human & Peoples Rights Working Gr, Banjul, Gambia. RP Sing'Oei, AK (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Nairobi, Kenya. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84980-067-9 PY 2011 BP 45 EP 65 PG 21 WC International Relations; Law; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BTV77 UT WOS:000288199300003 ER PT J AU Peralta, RC Luck, AH Hagan, R AF Peralta, Richard C. Lueck, Andreas H. Hagan, Ross TI Strategic optimization for implementing the Jordanian National Water Master Plan SO WATER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE water allocation; optimization; IWRM; computer model; Jordan; planning ID RIVER-BASIN; DEMAND; ALLOCATIONS; RESOURCES; RIPARIANS AB The Jordan National Water Master Plan integrates multiple efforts to address the national water shortage, but suffers problems in implementation. The systems analysis-based approach proposed here involves stakeholders in defining: study areas/issues, flow limits (based on infrastructural, sustainability and management reasons), and the optimization objective function. The approach includes using a newly developed computer optimization model to speed analysis of stakeholder proposals. The optimization model calculates multi-period water distribution and allocation strategies, minimizing unsatisfied demand or optimizing economic effect. Implementing the approach would identify opportunities for improving water supply, conveyance and demand management, and help investment planning and international negotiations. It is transferable to other countries. C1 [Peralta, Richard C.] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lueck, Andreas H.] German Tech Cooperat Gtz, Management Water Resources Natl Water Planning, Amman, Jordan. [Hagan, Ross] US Agcy Int Dev, Energy Off, Amman, Jordan. RP Peralta, RC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM peralta.rc@gmail.com FU MWI; Ministry of Water and Irrigation of the Kingdom of Jordan; US Agency for International Development; German Technical Cooperation; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University [8193] FX We are very grateful for the support provided by MWI. We appreciate the clarity with which Suzan Taha (Tetra Tech ARD) described MWI requirements and which Klaus Jacobi (AHT Group AG) provided NWMP processing details and users instructions. We thank Belal al Hanbali of MWI and Bassel Timani of Utah State University for data-related or graphic help. We especially thank the reviewers and editor for the careful manuscript scrutiny and valuable suggestions. Parts of the reported work were supported by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation of the Kingdom of Jordan, US Agency for International Development, German Technical Cooperation and the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University and approved as journal paper number 8193. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0250-8060 J9 WATER INT JI Water Int. PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3 BP 295 EP 313 DI 10.1080/02508060.2011.579722 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 880NM UT WOS:000299414100004 ER PT B AU Steinberg, D AF Steinberg, Donald BE Kuehnast, K Oudraat, CD Hernes, H TI Women and War An Agenda for Action SO WOMEN AND WAR: POWER AND PROTECTION IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Steinberg, Donald] USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Steinberg, Donald] US Inst Peace Addressing Issues Internal Displace, Washington, DC USA. [Steinberg, Donald] State Dept Joint Policy Council, Washington, DC USA. RP Steinberg, D (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US INST PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 978-1-60127-064-1 PY 2011 BP 115 EP 130 PG 16 WC International Relations; Women's Studies SC International Relations; Women's Studies GA BWB33 UT WOS:000293362600006 ER PT J AU Ceesay-Ebo, A AF Ceesay-Ebo, Awa BE Olonisakin, F Barnes, K Ikpe, E TI The gender dimensions of the ECOWAS peace and security architecture A regional perspective on UNSCR 1325 SO WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY: TRANSLATING POLICY INTO PRACTICE SE Contemporary Security Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ceesay-Ebo, Awa] USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Ceesay-Ebo, Awa] Populat Serv Int, Washington, DC USA. [Ceesay-Ebo, Awa] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Ceesay-Ebo, Awa] IANSA, London, England. RP Ceesay-Ebo, A (reprint author), USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-83708-5 J9 CONTEMP SECUR STUD PY 2011 BP 184 EP 198 PG 15 WC International Relations; Political Science; Women's Studies SC International Relations; Government & Law; Women's Studies GA BUZ72 UT WOS:000290797300013 ER PT B AU Levine, R AF Levine, Ruth BE Meleis, AI Birch, EL Wachter, SM TI Policy for a Better Future: A Focus on Girls and Women SO WOMEN'S HEALTH AND THE WORLD'S CITIES SE City in the Twenty-First Century LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Levine, Ruth] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Policy Planning & Learning, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Levine, Ruth] Ctr Global Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Levine, Ruth] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Levine, Ruth] Interamer Dev Bank, Off Execut Vice President, Social Sect, Washington, DC USA. RP Levine, R (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Policy Planning & Learning, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4353-6 J9 CITY 21ST CENTURY PY 2011 BP 28 EP 34 PG 7 WC Urban Studies; Women's Studies SC Urban Studies; Women's Studies GA BWL34 UT WOS:000294189300003 ER PT J AU Katz, RL Lopez, LM Annelli, JF Arthur, RR Carroll, D Chapman, LW Cole, K Gay, CG Lowe, DL Resnick, G Russell, KL AF Katz, Rebecca L. Lopez, Leana M. Annelli, Joseph F. Arthur, Ray R. Carroll, Dennis Chapman, Leonard W. Cole, Kenneth Gay, Cyril G. Lowe, Daniel L. Resnick, Gary Russell, Kevin L. TI US Government engagement in support of global disease surveillance SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review AB Global cooperation is essential for coordinated planning and response to public health emergencies, as well as for building sufficient capacity around the world to detect, assess and respond to health events. The United States is committed to, and actively engaged in, supporting disease surveillance capacity building around the world. We recognize that there are many agencies involved in this effort, which can become confusing to partner countries and other public health entities. This paper aims to describe the agencies and offices working directly on global disease surveillance capacity building in order to clarify the United States Government interagency efforts in this space. C1 [Katz, Rebecca L.; Lopez, Leana M.; Lowe, Daniel L.] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Katz, Rebecca L.] George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Annelli, Joseph F.] USDA, Riverdale, MD USA. [Arthur, Ray R.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Carroll, Dennis] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Chapman, Leonard W.; Cole, Kenneth] US Dept Def, Arlington, VA USA. [Gay, Cyril G.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Resnick, Gary] Los Alamos Natl Lab, US DOE, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Russell, Kevin L.] US Dept Def, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Katz, RL (reprint author), US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. EM KatzRL@state.gov NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 10 SU 1 AR S13 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-10-S1-S13 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WN UT WOS:000290279300013 PM 21143823 ER PT J AU Nsubuga, P Nwanyanwu, O Nkengasong, JN Mukanga, D Trostle, M AF Nsubuga, Peter Nwanyanwu, Okey Nkengasong, John N. Mukanga, David Trostle, Murray TI Strengthening public health surveillance and response using the health systems strengthening agenda in developing countries SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review ID H1N1 VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB There is increased interest in strengthening health systems for developing countries. However, at present, there is common uncertainty about how to accomplish this task. Specifically, several nations are faced with an immense challenge of revamping an entire system. To accomplish this, it is essential to first identify the components of the system that require modification. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed health system building blocks, which are now widely recognized as essential components of health systems strengthening. With increased travel and urbanization, the threat of emerging diseases of pandemic potential is increasing alongside endemic diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and hepatitis virus infections. At the same time, the epidemiologic patterns are shifting, giving rise to a concurrent increase in disease burden due to non-communicable diseases. These diseases can be addressed by public health surveillance and response systems that are operated by competent public health workers in core public health positions at national and sub-national levels with a focus on disease prevention. We describe two ways that health ministries in developing countries could leverage President Obama's Global Health Initiative (GHI) to build public health surveillance and response systems using proven models for public health systems strengthening and to create the public health workforce to operate those systems. We also off er suggestions for how health ministries could strengthen public health systems within the broad health systems strengthening agenda. Existing programs (e.g., the Global Vaccine Alliance [GAVI] and the Global Fund Against Tuberculosis, AIDS, and Malaria [GFTAM]) can also adapt their current health systems strengthening programs to build sustainable public health systems. C1 [Nsubuga, Peter] CDC, Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Div Publ Hlth Syst & Workforce Dev, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nsubuga, Peter] CDC, Syst Africa Branch, Div Publ Hlth Syst & Workforce Dev, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nwanyanwu, Okey] CDC, Global AIDS Program, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nkengasong, John N.] CDC, Int Lab Branch, Global AIDS Program, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Mukanga, David] African Field Epidemiol Network, Kampala, Uganda. [Trostle, Murray] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Nsubuga, P (reprint author), CDC, Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Div Publ Hlth Syst & Workforce Dev, Ctr Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pcn0@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 10 SU 1 AR S5 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-10-S1-S5 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 759WN UT WOS:000290279300005 PM 21143827 ER PT J AU Sheth, AN Russo, ET Menon, M Wannemuehler, K Weinger, M Kudzala, AC Tauzie, B Masuku, HD Msowoya, TE Quick, R AF Sheth, Anandi N. Russo, Elizabeth T. Menon, Manoj Wannemuehler, Kathleen Weinger, Merri Kudzala, Amose C. Tauzie, Blessius Masuku, Humphreys D. Msowoya, Tapona E. Quick, Robert TI Impact of the Integration of Water Treatment and Handwashing Incentives with Antenatal Services on Hygiene Practices of Pregnant Women in Malawi SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POINT-OF-USE; DRINKING-WATER; WESTERN KENYA; INTERVENTION; CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; QUALITY; TRANSMISSION; METAANALYSIS; COLLECTION AB Access to safe drinking water and improved hygiene are important for reducing morbidity and mortality from diarrhea. We surveyed 330 pregnant women who participated in an antenatal clinic-based intervention in Malawi that promoted water treatment and hygiene through distribution of water storage containers, sodium hypochlorite water treatment solution, soap, and educational messages. Program participants were more likely to know correct water treatment procedures (62% versus 27%, P < 0.0001), chlorinate drinking water (61% versus 1%, P < 0.0001), demonstrate correct handwashing practices (68% versus 22%, P < 0.0001), and purchase water treatment solution after free distribution (32% versus 1%, P < 0.0001). Among participants, 72% had at least three antenatal visits, 76% delivered in a health facility, and 54% had a postnatal check. This antenatal-clinic-based program is an effective new strategy for promoting water treatment and hygiene behaviors among pregnant women. Participants had high use of antenatal, delivery, and postnatal services, which could improve maternal and child health. C1 [Sheth, Anandi N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Foodborne Waterborne & Environm Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Weinger, Merri] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Masuku, Humphreys D.] Govt Malawi Minist Hlth, Lilongwe, Malawi. United Nations Childrens Fund Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Kudzala, Amose C.; Tauzie, Blessius; Msowoya, Tapona E.] United Natl Childrens Fund, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Sheth, AN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM asheth@cdc.gov; erusso@cdc.gov; mmenon@cdc.gov; kpw9@cdc.gov; mweinger@usaid.gov; akudzala@unicef.org; btauzie@unicef.org; dzanjom@yahoo.co.uk; tmsowoya@unicef.org; rquick@cdc.gov FU United States Agency for International Development FX We thank the following individuals in the Blantyre and Salim District Health Offices for their leadership: Paul Chunga, Young Samanyika, Kondwani M'manga, Loncy Sajeni, and Jean Kachala. We appreciate the diligent staff members of the following health centers, which made the successes of this program possible: Bangwe, Chileka, Chilomoni, Chinguluwe, Chipoka, Dziwe, Khombedza, Lirangwe, Lundu, Maganga, Makioni. Mpemba, Mtchoka, South Lunzu, and Salima district hospital. We are grateful to our team of enumerators whose hard work enabled us to document this program's impact. Finally, we thank the many women whose gracious participation made the evaluation possible. This project was funded by the United States Agency for International Development. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1315 EP 1321 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0211 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 697RX UT WOS:000285534900027 PM 21118942 ER PT J AU Mitchell, RE AF Mitchell, Robert E. TI Antebellum Farm-Settlement Patterns: A Three-Level Approach to Assessing the Effects of Soils SO JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 [Mitchell, Robert E.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Mitchell, RE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Inst Learning Retirement, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0022-1953 J9 J INTERDISCIPL HIST JI J. Interdiscip. Hist. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 393 EP 420 DI 10.1162/JINH_a_00107 PG 28 WC History SC History GA 677KO UT WOS:000283991500004 ER PT J AU Walter, SL Anderson, JB AF Walter, Stephen L. Anderson, J. Brady TI LIBERATED MINDSETS, LITERATE MINDS: REFLECTIONS ON CHRISTIANITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA SO REVIEW OF FAITH & INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB In the middle of the last century, literacy was widely hailed as a/the key to development. This assumption was not without logic-most developed countries had high rates of literacy and most lesser-developed countries had very low levels of literacy. Accordingly, the 1960s and 1970s saw massive investment in literacy programs and campaigns designed to dramatically improve literacy levels in the developing world. C1 [Anderson, J. Brady] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Walter, SL (reprint author), GIAL, Dallas, TX USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1557-0274 J9 REV FAITH INT AFF JI Rev. Faith Int. Aff. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 8 IS 4 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1080/15570274.2010.528982 PG 5 WC Religion SC Religion GA V21OR UT WOS:000208217400012 ER PT J AU Tempia, S Salman, MD Keefe, T Morley, P Freier, JE DeMartini, JC Wamwayi, HM Njeumi, F Soumare, B Abdi, AM AF Tempia, S. Salman, M. D. Keefe, T. Morley, P. Freier, J. E. DeMartini, J. C. Wamwayi, H. M. Njeumi, F. Soumare, B. Abdi, A. M. TI A sero-survey of rinderpest in nomadic pastoral systems in central and southern Somalia from 2002 to 2003, using a spatially integrated random sampling approach SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE Cluster; Geographic information system; Random sampling; Rinderpest; Risk factor; Seroprevalence; Somalia; Spatial analysis ID STATISTICS; VIRUS; GOODNESS; GOATS AB A cross-sectional sero-survey, using a two-stage cluster sampling design, was conducted between 2002 and 2003 in ten administrative regions of central and southern Somalia, to estimate the seroprevalence and geographic distribution of rinderpest (RP) in the study area, as well as to identify potential risk factors for the observed seroprevalence distribution. The study was also used to test the feasibility of the spatially integrated investigation technique in nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoral systems. In the absence of a systematic list of livestock holdings, the primary sampling units were selected by generating random map coordinates. A total of 9,216 serum samples were collected from cattle aged 12 to 36 months at 562 sampling sites. Two apparent clusters of RP seroprevalence were detected. Four potential risk factors associated with the observed seroprevalence were identified: the mobility of cattle herds, the cattle population density, the proximity of cattle herds to cattle trade routes and cattle herd size. Risk maps were then generated to assist in designing more targeted surveillance strategies. The observed seroprevalence in these areas declined over time. In subsequent years, similar seroprevalence studies in neighbouring areas of Kenya and Ethiopia also showed a very low seroprevalence of RP or the absence of antibodies against RP. The progressive decline in RP antibody prevalence is consistent with virus extinction. Verification of freedom from RP infection in the Somali ecosystem is currently in progress. C1 [Tempia, S.; Salman, M. D.; Morley, P.] Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Keefe, T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth & Radiobiol Sci, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Freier, J. E.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [DeMartini, J. C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wamwayi, H. M.; Abdi, A. M.] Terra Nuova E Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. [Njeumi, F.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Soumare, B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Dakar, Senegal. RP Tempia, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU European Commission; Italian Government; Swiss Government FX Sincere appreciation goes to the Director and colleagues at the African Union - Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR) for their technical guidance and institutional support, and the staff of the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Veterinary Research Centre (KARI-VRC), at Muguga, Kenya, for their technical expertise and diagnostic support. The generous financial support provided by the European Commission and Italian and Swiss Governments to implement this study is highly appreciated. The authors are also deeply indebted to the Somali Livestock Professional Associations and their members for carrying out this study in the field. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 497 EP 511 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 729ZQ UT WOS:000287993600006 PM 21309450 ER PT J AU Hailegiorgis, B Girma, S Melaku, Z Teshi, T Demeke, L Gebresellasie, S Yadeta, D Tibesso, G Whitehurst, N Yamo, E Carter, J Reithinger, R AF Hailegiorgis, Bereket Girma, Samuel Melaku, Zenebe Teshi, Takele Demeke, Leykun Gebresellasie, Sintayehu Yadeta, Damtew Tibesso, Gudeta Whitehurst, Nicole Yamo, Emanuel Carter, Jane Reithinger, Richard TI Laboratory malaria diagnostic capacity in health facilities in five administrative zones of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Malaria; laboratory; diagnosis; health systems; capacity; Ethiopia ID RISK-FACTORS; HOUSEHOLD; SERVICES; CHILDREN; SYSTEMS; AMHARA AB OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Quality laboratory services are a requisite to guide rational case management of malaria. Using a pre-tested, standardized assessment tool, we assessed laboratory diagnostic capacity in 69 primary, secondary and tertiary health facilities as well as specialized laboratories in five administrative zones in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, during February and March 2009. RESULTS There was marked variability in laboratory diagnostic capacity among the facilities assessed. Of 69 facilities surveyed, 53 provided both comprehensive malaria laboratory diagnosis and outpatient treatment services, five provided malaria microscopy services (referring elsewhere for treatment), and 11 primary care health posts provided rapid diagnostic testing and outpatient malaria treatment. The facilities' median catchment population was 39 562 and 3581 people for secondary/tertiary and primary health facilities, respectively. Depending on facility type, facilities provided services 24 h a day, had inpatient capacity, and access to water and electricity. Facilities were staffed by general practitioners, health officers, nurses or health extension workers. Of the 58 facilities providing laboratory services, 24% of the 159 laboratory staff had received malaria microscopy training in the year prior to this survey, and 72% of the facilities had at least one functional electric binocular microscope. Facilities had variable levels of equipment, materials and biosafety procedures necessary for laboratory diagnosis of malaria. The mean monthly number of malaria blood films processed at secondary/tertiary facilities was 225, with a mean monthly 56 confirmed parasitologically. In primary facilities, the mean monthly number of clinical malaria cases seen was 75, of which 57 were tested by rapid diagnostic test (RDTs). None of the surveyed laboratory facilities had formal quality assurance/quality control protocols for either microscopy or RDTs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first published report on malaria diagnostic capacity in Ethiopia. While our assessment indicated that malaria laboratory diagnosis was available in most facilities surveyed, we observed significant gaps in laboratory services which could significantly impact quality and accessibility of malaria diagnosis, including laboratory infrastructure, equipment, laboratory supplies and human resources. C1 [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth AIDS Populat & Nutr Off, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hailegiorgis, Bereket; Girma, Samuel; Melaku, Zenebe; Teshi, Takele; Demeke, Leykun; Gebresellasie, Sintayehu] Columbia Univ, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Yadeta, Damtew] Oromia Reg Hlth Bur, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Tibesso, Gudeta] Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Whitehurst, Nicole] Med Care Dev Int, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Yamo, Emanuel; Carter, Jane] African Med & Res Fdn, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Reithinger, R (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Hlth AIDS Populat & Nutr Off, POB 1014, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM rreithinger@yahoo.co.uk FU PMI through the US Agency for International Development under the Malaria Laboratory Diagnostic Monitoring Project [663-00-08-00433] FX We are grateful to Hiwot Teka (US Agency for International Development), Trent Ruebush (US Agency for International Development), Manoj Menon and Michael Aidoo (both US Centers for Disease Control) for making valuable comments on the manuscript. The work described was supported by the PMI through the US Agency for International Development under the Malaria Laboratory Diagnostic Monitoring Project (663-00-08-00433). The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and may not reflect the position of their employing organizations nor of their work's sources of funding. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1449 EP 1457 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02646.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 682BT UT WOS:000284374600007 PM 21040254 ER PT J AU Fedoroff, NV AF Fedoroff, Nina V. TI The past, present and future of crop genetic modification SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCIENTISTS ANALYSIS; ENGINEERED PLANTS; TEMPERATURE; FOODS AB The introduction of science and technology into agriculture over the past two centuries has markedly increased agricultural productivity and decreased its labor-intensiveness. Chemical fertilization, mechanization, plant breeding and molecular genetic modification (GM) have contributed to unparalleled productivity increases. Future increases are far from assured because of underinvestment in agricultural research, growing population pressure, decreasing fresh water availability, increasing temperatures and societal rejection of GM crops in many countries. C1 [Fedoroff, Nina V.] US Secretary State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Fedoroff, Nina V.] US Dept State, USAID, Washington, DC 20520 USA. RP Fedoroff, NV (reprint author), US Secretary State, 2201 C St NW, Washington, DC 20520 USA. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 461 EP 465 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.12.004 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 701ZI UT WOS:000285863300005 PM 20074679 ER PT J AU in't Veld, DH Gichunge, C Mzileni, O Colebunders, R AF in't Veld, Diana Huis Gichunge, Catherine Mzileni, Olga Colebunders, Robert TI Nutritional Supplementation in HIV-Infected Individuals Can Be Beneficial in Certain Patient Groups SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 [in't Veld, Diana Huis] Univ Limpopo, Dept Internal Med, ZA-0204 Pretoria, South Africa. [in't Veld, Diana Huis] Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Colebunders, Robert] Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. [in't Veld, Diana Huis] Grantholder Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek FWO, Vlaanderen, Belgium. [Gichunge, Catherine] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Gichunge, Catherine] Griffith Univ, Logan, Qld, Australia. RP in't Veld, DH (reprint author), Univ Limpopo, Dept Internal Med, Medunsa Campus,POB 240 Medunsa, ZA-0204 Pretoria, South Africa. EM dhuisintveld@itg.be NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1225 EP 1226 DI 10.1086/656923 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 669FH UT WOS:000283331800022 ER PT J AU Bell, DM Brewinski, MM Holmes, CB AF Bell, David M. Brewinski, Margaret M. Holmes, Charles B. TI Maternal or Infant Antiretroviral Drugs to Reduce HIV-1 Transmission SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Bell, David M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Brewinski, Margaret M.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Holmes, Charles B.] Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC USA. RP Bell, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dmb1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 363 IS 20 BP 1969 EP 1970 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 678CR UT WOS:000284047600022 PM 21067394 ER PT J AU Rubahika, D Quinto, E Muwonge, J Baryahirwa, S Okello, P Nasr, S Katureebee, C Ametepi, P Menon, M Filler, S Ndyomugyenyi, R AF Rubahika, Denis Quinto, Ebony Muwonge, James Baryahirwa, Stephen Okello, Patrick Nasr, Sussann Katureebee, Charles Ametepi, Paul Menon, Manoj Filler, Scott Ndyomugyenyi, Richard TI PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE FIRST MALARIA INDICATOR SURVEY (MIS) IN UGANDA, 2009 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Rubahika, Denis; Quinto, Ebony; Ndyomugyenyi, Richard] Natl Malaria Control Program, Kampala, Uganda. [Muwonge, James; Baryahirwa, Stephen] Uganda Bur Stat, Kampala, Uganda. [Okello, Patrick] US Agcy Int Dev, Kampala, Uganda. [Nasr, Sussann] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kampala, Uganda. [Katureebee, Charles] World Hlth Org, Kampala, Uganda. [Ametepi, Paul] ICF MACRO, Calverton, MD USA. [Menon, Manoj; Filler, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 45 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819700046 ER PT J AU Thera, MA Coulibaly, D Laurens, MB Kone, AK Guindo, AB Diallo, D Traore, K Dolo, A Tolo, Y Sissoko, MS Kouriba, B Lyke, KE Takala-Harrison, S Blackwelder, WC Vekemans, J Cohen, J Dube, T Lanar, DE Dutta, S House, B Diggs, CL Soisson, L Heppner, DG Doumbo, OK Plowe, CV Traore, I Diarra, I Niangaly, A Daou, M Sissoko, M Wu, YK Godeaux, O Dubois, MC Ballou, R Thompson, D Bennett, JW AF Thera, Mahamadou A. Coulibaly, Drissa Laurens, Matthew B. Kone, Abdoulaye K. Guindo, Ando B. Diallo, Dapa Traore, Karim Dolo, Amagana Tolo, Youssouf Sissoko, Mahamadou S. Kouriba, Bourema Lyke, Kirsten E. Takala-Harrison, Shannon Blackwelder, William C. Vekemans, Johan Cohen, Joe Dube, Tina Lanar, David E. Dutta, Sheetij House, Brent Diggs, Carter L. Soisson, Lorraine Heppner, D. Gray Doumbo, Ogobara K. Plowe, Christopher V. Traore, Idrissa Diarra, Issa Niangaly, Amadou Daou, Modibo Sissoko, Mady Wu, Yukun Godeaux, Olivier Dubois, Marie-Claude Ballou, Ripley Thompson, Darby Bennett, Jason W. TI EXTENDED SAFETY, IMMUNOGENICITY AND EFFICACY OF WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH'S AMA-1 MALARIA VACCINE (FMP2.1) ADJUVANTED IN GSK BIOLOGICALS' AS02A IN 1-6 YEAR OLD CHILDREN IN BANDIAGARA, MALI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Thera, Mahamadou A.; Coulibaly, Drissa; Kone, Abdoulaye K.; Guindo, Ando B.; Diallo, Dapa; Traore, Karim; Dolo, Amagana; Tolo, Youssouf; Sissoko, Mahamadou S.; Kouriba, Bourema; Doumbo, Ogobara K.] Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Laurens, Matthew B.; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Vekemans, Johan; Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Dube, Tina] EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Lanar, David E.; Dutta, Sheetij; House, Brent; Heppner, D. Gray] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Diggs, Carter L.; Soisson, Lorraine] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 161 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819700162 ER PT J AU Benavente, L Kohar, H Jones, J Bestman, HK Yamo, EO Belay, K Fennell, S AF Benavente, Luis Kohar, Henry Jones, Joel Bestman, Hannan K. Yamo, Emmanuel Ouma Belay, Kassahun Fennell, Sean TI MALARIA MICROSCOPY COMPETENCY IN LIBERIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Benavente, Luis; Fennell, Sean] Med Care Dev Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kohar, Henry; Jones, Joel] Natl Malaria Control Program, Monrovia, Liberia. [Yamo, Emmanuel Ouma] African Med & Res Fdn, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bestman, Hannan K.] Med Care Dev Inc, Monrovia, Liberia. [Belay, Kassahun] US Agcy Int Dev, Monrovia, Liberia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 553 BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819700554 ER PT J AU Laurens, MB Thera, MA Coulibaly, D Kone, AK Guindo, AB Diallo, DA Traore, K Niangaly, A Dolo, A Tolo, Y Sissoko, MS Kouriba, B Lyke, KE Takala-Harrison, S Blackwelder, WC Wu, YK Vekemans, J Cohen, J Lanar, DE Dutta, S Diggs, CL Soisson, L Heppner, DG Doumbo, OK Plowe, CV Traore, I Diarra, I Daou, M Sissoko, M Godeaux, O Dubois, MC Ballou, R Thompson, D Dube, T House, B Bennett, JW AF Laurens, Matthew B. Thera, Mahamadou A. Coulibaly, Drissa Kone, Abdoulaye K. Guindo, Ando B. Diallo, Dapa A. Traore, Karim Niangaly, Amadou Dolo, Amagana Tolo, Youssouf Sissoko, Mahamadou S. Kouriba, Bourema Lyke, Kirsten E. Takala-Harrison, Shannon Blackwelder, William C. Wu, Yukun Vekemans, Johan Cohen, Joe Lanar, David E. Dutta, Sheetij Diggs, Carter L. Soisson, Lorraine Heppner, D. Gray Doumbo, Ogobara K. Plowe, Christopher V. Traore, Idrissa Diarra, Issa Daou, Modibo Sissoko, Mady Godeaux, Olivier Dubois, Marie-Claude Ballou, Ripley Thompson, Darby Dube, Tina House, Brent Bennett, Jason W. TI EFFICACY OF FMP2.1/AS02A AGAINST GAMETOCYTEMIA IN 1-6 YEAR OLD CHILDREN IN BANDIAGARA, MALI: IMPLICATIONS FOR MALARIA ELIMINATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Laurens, Matthew B.; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Thera, Mahamadou A.; Coulibaly, Drissa; Kone, Abdoulaye K.; Guindo, Ando B.; Diallo, Dapa A.; Traore, Karim; Niangaly, Amadou; Dolo, Amagana; Tolo, Youssouf; Sissoko, Mahamadou S.; Kouriba, Bourema; Doumbo, Ogobara K.] Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Vekemans, Johan; Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Lanar, David E.; Dutta, Sheetij; Heppner, D. Gray] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Diggs, Carter L.; Soisson, Lorraine] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 590 BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819700591 ER PT J AU Okoh, C Ikwang, A Ukoha, NK Adekunle, O AF Okoh, Chukwuyem Ikwang, Anne Ukoha, Ndukwe K. Adekunle, Osuolale TI APPRAISING EFFECTS OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATIONS OF THE LONG-LASTING INSECTICIDAL NETS (LLINS) MASS CAMPAIGNS IN NIGERIA ON OWNERSHIP AND USAGE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Okoh, Chukwuyem; Ikwang, Anne; Ukoha, Ndukwe K.] US Agcy Int Dev, DELIVER PROJECT, Abuja, Nigeria. [Adekunle, Osuolale] Natl Malaria Control Program, Abuja, Nigeria. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 752 BP 223 EP 224 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701120 ER PT J AU Weaver, A Linehan, M Hanson, C Kabore, A Zoerhoff, K Goldman, A Torres, S Baker, M Ottesen, E AF Weaver, Angela Linehan, Mary Hanson, Christy Kabore, Achille Zoerhoff, Katie Goldman, Ann Torres, Scott Baker, Margaret Ottesen, Eric TI EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NTD CONTROL PROGRAM: 2010 AND BEYOND SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Weaver, Angela; Hanson, Christy] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Linehan, Mary; Zoerhoff, Katie; Torres, Scott] RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. [Kabore, Achille] Liverpool Associates Trop Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Goldman, Ann] George Washington Univ RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. [Baker, Margaret] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Ottesen, Eric] RTI Int Task Force Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 800 BP 237 EP 237 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701168 ER PT J AU Ouattara, A Takala-Harrison, S Coulibaly, D Thera, MA Laurens, MB Niangaly, A Saye, R Dutta, S Heppner, GD Soisson, L Diggs, CL Vekemans, J Cohen, J Leach, A Blackwelder, WC Doumbo, OK Plowe, CV AF Ouattara, Amed Takala-Harrison, Shannon Coulibaly, Drissa Thera, Mahamadou A. Laurens, Matthew B. Niangaly, Amadou Saye, Renion Dutta, Sheetij Heppner, D. Gray Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter L. Vekemans, Johan Cohen, Joe Leach, Amanda Blackwelder, William C. Doumbo, Ogobara K. Plowe, Christopher V. TI ALLELE-SPECIFIC EFFICACY OF THE MONOVALENT APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN 1 (AMA1) MALARIA VACCINE FMP2.1/AS02A SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Laurens, Matthew B.; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Coulibaly, Drissa; Thera, Mahamadou A.; Niangaly, Amadou; Saye, Renion; Doumbo, Ogobara K.] Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Dutta, Sheetij; Heppner, D. Gray] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Vekemans, Johan; Cohen, Joe; Leach, Amanda] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 803 BP 238 EP 238 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701171 ER PT J AU Sedegah, M Chuang, IL McGrath, S House, B Ganeshan, H Lejano, J Abot, E Banania, G Sayo, R Farooq, F Belmonte, M Richie, NO Wood, C Long, CA Regis, D Tamminga, C Spring, M Limbach, K Patterson, NB Bruder, J Doolan, DL Soisson, L Diggs, C Ockenhouse, CF Richie, TL AF Sedegah, Martha Chuang, Ilin McGrath, Shannon House, Brent Ganeshan, Harini Lejano, Jennylynn Abot, Esteban Banania, Glenna Sayo, Renato Farooq, Fouzia Belmonte, Maria Richie, Nancy O. Wood, Chloe Long, Carole A. Regis, David Tamminga, Cindy Spring, Michele Limbach, Keith Patterson, Noelle B. Bruder, Joe Doolan, Denise L. Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Ockenhouse, Christian F. Richie, Thomas L. TI ANALYSIS OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VOLUNTEERS STERILELY PROTECTED AGAINST PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM SPOROZOITE CHALLENGE FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION WITH A GENE-BASED VACCINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Sedegah, Martha; Chuang, Ilin; House, Brent; Ganeshan, Harini; Lejano, Jennylynn; Abot, Esteban; Banania, Glenna; Sayo, Renato; Farooq, Fouzia; Belmonte, Maria; Regis, David; Tamminga, Cindy; Limbach, Keith; Patterson, Noelle B.; Richie, Thomas L.] USN, Med Res Ctr, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [McGrath, Shannon; Richie, Nancy O.; Wood, Chloe; Spring, Michele; Ockenhouse, Christian F.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Long, Carole A.] NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. [Bruder, Joe] GenVec Inc, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Doolan, Denise L.] Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 806 BP 239 EP 239 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701174 ER PT J AU Chuang, I Sedegah, M Cicatelli, S Spring, M Tamminga, C Bennett, J Guerrero, M Polhemus, M Cummings, J Angov, E Bruder, J Patterson, N Limbach, K Bergmann-Leitner, E Murphy, J Soisson, L Diggs, C Ockenhouse, C Richie, T AF Chuang, Ilin Sedegah, Martha Cicatelli, Susan Spring, Michele Tamminga, Cindy Bennett, Jason Guerrero, Melanie Polhemus, Mark Cummings, James Angov, Evelina Bruder, Joe Patterson, Noelle Limbach, Keith Bergmann-Leitner, Elke Murphy, Jittawadee Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter Ockenhouse, Christian Richie, Thomas TI PHASE 1/2A CLINICAL TRIAL ON SAFETY, TOLERABILITY, IMMUNOGENICITY AND EFFICACY OF PRIME BOOST REGIMEN OF DNA- AND ADENOVIRUS-VECTORED MALARIA VACCINES ENCODING PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN (CSP) AND APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN (AMA1) IN MALARIA-NAIVE ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Chuang, Ilin; Sedegah, Martha; Tamminga, Cindy; Patterson, Noelle; Limbach, Keith; Richie, Thomas] USN, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Cicatelli, Susan; Guerrero, Melanie; Cummings, James] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Clin Trials Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Spring, Michele; Bennett, Jason; Angov, Evelina; Bergmann-Leitner, Elke; Ockenhouse, Christian] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Malaria Vaccine Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Polhemus, Mark] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Bruder, Joe] GenVec, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Murphy, Jittawadee] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 984 BP 294 EP 294 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701351 ER PT J AU Aguilar, PF Freitas, DB Chang, JM AF Aguilar, Pablo F. Freitas, Debora B. Chang, Jaime TI AMAZON MALARIA INITIATIVE: PROVIDING STRATEGIC SUPPORT TO PREVENT AND ASSIST IN MALARIA CONTROL IN THE AMAZON REGION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Aguilar, Pablo F.; Freitas, Debora B.] Links Media LCC, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Chang, Jaime] US Agcy Int Dev, Lima, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 1103 BP 329 EP 329 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701470 ER PT J AU Hailegiorgis, B Hwang, J Melaku, Z Girma, S Teshi, T Gebresellasie, S Demeke, L Hoos, D Gobena, K Kassa, M Jima, D Reithinger, R Malone, J Kachur, SP Filler, S AF Hailegiorgis, Bereket Hwang, Jimee Melaku, Zenebe Girma, Samuel Teshi, Takele Gebresellasie, Sintayehu Demeke, Leykun Hoos, David Gobena, Kedir Kassa, Moges Jima, Daddi Reithinger, Richard Malone, Joseph Kachur, S. Patrick Filler, Scott TI EFFICACY OF CHLOROQUINE OR ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE AGAINST PLASMODIUM VIVAX AND ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE AGAINST UNCOMPLICATED PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA IN CENTRAL ETHIOPIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Hailegiorgis, Bereket; Melaku, Zenebe; Girma, Samuel; Teshi, Takele; Gebresellasie, Sintayehu; Demeke, Leykun] Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hwang, Jimee; Kachur, S. Patrick; Filler, Scott] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hoos, David] Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, New York, NY USA. [Gobena, Kedir] Oromia Reg Hlth Bur, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Kassa, Moges] Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Jima, Daddi] Fed Minist Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Malone, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 1259 BP 374 EP 375 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701626 ER PT J AU Sanabria, A Nicodemus, W Simpungwe, G Zyambo, R Proper, W AF Sanabria, Arturo Nicodemus, Wendy Simpungwe, Gamariel Zyambo, Rabson Proper, Walter TI IMPROVING AVAILABILITY OF KEY ANTIMALARIAL COMMODITIES: PILOTING AN ESSENTIAL DRUG LOGISTICS SYSTEM IN ZAMBIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Sanabria, Arturo; Nicodemus, Wendy; Simpungwe, Gamariel; Zyambo, Rabson; Proper, Walter] US Agcy Int Dev, DELIVER PROJECT, Lusaka, Zambia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 1300 BP 387 EP 387 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701667 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Cohen, M Barnhart, M Hallett, T AF Shelton, James D. Cohen, Myron Barnhart, Matthew Hallett, Timothy TI Is antiretroviral therapy modifying the HIV epidemic? SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Shelton, James D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cohen, Myron] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Barnhart, Matthew] UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Hallett, Timothy] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov RI Hallett, Timothy/A-2390-2011 NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 376 IS 9755 BP 1824 EP 1825 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62163-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 696KG UT WOS:000285439700021 PM 21111901 ER PT J AU Tissot, BN Best, BA Borneman, EH Bruckner, AW Cooper, CH D'Agnes, H Fitzgerald, TP Leland, A Lieberman, S Amos, AM Sumaila, R Telecky, TM McGilvray, F Plankis, BJ Rhyne, AL Roberts, GG Starkhouse, B Stevenson, TC AF Tissot, Brian N. Best, Barbara A. Borneman, Eric H. Bruckner, Andrew W. Cooper, Cara H. D'Agnes, Heather Fitzgerald, Timothy P. Leland, Amanda Lieberman, Susan Amos, Amy Mathews Sumaila, Rashid Telecky, Teresa M. McGilvray, Frazer Plankis, Brian J. Rhyne, Andrew L. Roberts, Glynnis G. Starkhouse, Benjamin Stevenson, Todd C. TI How US ocean policy and market power can reform the coral reef wildlife trade SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Coral reef; Marine ornamental trade; CITES; Lacey Act; Destructive fishing; Aquarium ID LIONFISH PTEROIS-VOLITANS; AQUARIUM TRADE; FISHES; INVASION AB As the world's largest importer of marine ornamental species for the aquaria, curio, home decor, and jewelry industries, the United States has an opportunity to leverage its considerable market power to promote more sustainable trade and reduce the effects of ornamental trade stress on coral reefs worldwide. Evidence indicates that collection of some coral reef animals for these trades has caused virtual elimination of local populations, major changes in age structure, and promotion of collection practices that destroy reef habitats. Management and enforcement of collection activities in major source countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines remain weak. Strengthening US trade laws and enforcement capabilities combined with increasing consumer and industry demand for responsible conservation can create strong incentives for improving management in source countries. This is particularly important in light of the March 2010 failure of the parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to take action on key groups of corals. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tissot, Brian N.; Stevenson, Todd C.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Best, Barbara A.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Nat Resources, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Borneman, Eric H.] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Bruckner, Andrew W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Cooper, Cara H.; Fitzgerald, Timothy P.; Leland, Amanda] Environm Def Fund, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [D'Agnes, Heather] US Agcy Int Dev, Inst Publ Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Lieberman, Susan] Pew Charitable Trusts, Pew Environm Grp, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Amos, Amy Mathews] Turnstone Consulting, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Sumaila, Rashid; Starkhouse, Benjamin] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Aquat Ecosyst Res Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Telecky, Teresa M.] Humane Soc Int, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [McGilvray, Frazer] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Plankis, Brian J.] Reef Stewardship Fdn, Pearland, TX 77584 USA. [Rhyne, Andrew L.] Roger Williams Univ & New England Aquarium, RWU Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Bristol, RI 02809 USA. [Roberts, Glynnis G.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Coral Reef Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Tissot, BN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. EM tissot@vancouver.wsu.edu OI Rhyne, Andrew/0000-0001-7252-3431 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1385 EP 1388 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.06.002 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 641ZY UT WOS:000281173600033 ER PT J AU Ashton, RA Kefyalew, T Tesfaye, G Counihan, H Yadeta, D Cundill, B Reithinger, R Kolaczinski, JH AF Ashton, Ruth A. Kefyalew, Takele Tesfaye, Gezahegn Counihan, Helen Yadeta, Damtew Cundill, Bonnie Reithinger, Richard Kolaczinski, Jan H. TI Performance of three multi-species rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UGANDA; FIELD AB Background: Malaria transmission in Ethiopia is unstable and variable, caused by both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. The Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) is scaling up parasitological diagnosis of malaria at all levels of the health system; at peripheral health facilities this will be through use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The present study compared three RDT products to provide the FMoH with evidence to guide appropriate product selection. Methods: Performance of three multi-species (pf-HRP2/pan-pLDH and pf-HRP2/aldolase) RDTs (CareStart (R), ParaScreen (R) and ICT Combo (R)) was compared with 'gold standard' microscopy at three health centres in Jimma zone, Oromia Regional State. Ease of RDT use by health extension workers was assessed at community health posts. RDT heat stability was tested in a controlled laboratory setting according to WHO procedures. Results: A total of 2,383 patients with suspected malaria were enrolled between May and July 2009, 23.2% of whom were found to be infected with Plasmodium parasites by microscopy. All three RDTs were equally sensitive in detecting P. falciparum or mixed infection: 85.6% (95% confidence interval 81.2-89.4). RDT specificity was similar for detection of P. falciparum or mixed infection at around 92%. For detecting P. vivax infection, all three RDTs had similar sensitivity in the range of 82.5 to 85.0%. CareStart had higher specificity in detecting P. vivax (97.2%) than both ParaScreen and ICT Combo (p < 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively). Health extension workers preferred CareStart and ParaScreen to ICT Combo due to the clear labelling of bands on the cassette, while the 'lab in a pack' style of CareStart was the preferred design. ParaScreen and CareStart passed all heat stability testing, while ICT Combo did not perform as well. Conclusions: CareStart appeared to be the most appropriate option for use at health posts in Ethiopia, considering the combination of quantitative performance, ease of use and heat stability. When new products become available, the choice of multi-species RDT for Ethiopia should be regularly re-evaluated, as it would be desirable to identify a test with higher sensitivity than the ones evaluated C1 [Ashton, Ruth A.; Kefyalew, Takele; Tesfaye, Gezahegn] Malaria Consortium Ethiopia Off, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Ashton, Ruth A.; Kolaczinski, Jan H.] Malaria Consortium Africa Reg Off, Kampala, Uganda. [Counihan, Helen] Malaria Consortium Int, London EC2A 4LT, England. [Yadeta, Damtew] Oromia Reg Hlth Bur, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Cundill, Bonnie; Kolaczinski, Jan H.] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Ashton, RA (reprint author), Malaria Consortium Ethiopia Off, Ethio China Rd,POB 100224, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM r.ashton@malariaconsortium.org FU United States Agency for International Development [663-A-00-09-00404-00]; ACT Consortium which is supported by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This work was supported by the United States Agency for International Development (Cooperative Agreement 663-A-00-09-00404-00). BC is funded by the ACT Consortium which is supported by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Manufacturers supplied CareStart and ParaScreen RDTs free of charge for this evaluation, and ICT Combo was provided at a reduced price. We would like to thank Oromia Regional Health Bureau for facilitating this study, and the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute for conducting heat stability testing. Jimma zone health department provided assistance in coordinating the data collection. We would like to thank all staff and patients of the health facilities involved in this study. Afework Hailemariam made contributions to the development of this study, and Agonafer Tekalegne provided management oversight throughout. Joe Malone, Hiwot Teka and Michael Aidoo gave valuable comments on an earlier version of this paper. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and may not reflect the position of their employing organizations nor of their work's sources of funding. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 9 AR 297 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-9-297 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 724TK UT WOS:000287598900001 PM 20979601 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD Gray, R AF Shelton, James D. Gray, Ron TI Maternal mortality for 181 countries, 1980-2008 SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Shelton, James D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Gray, Ron] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 23 PY 2010 VL 376 IS 9750 BP 1389 EP 1390 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61952-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 672ZO UT WOS:000283627500026 PM 20971356 ER PT J AU Castor, D Cook, S Leclerc-Madlala, S Shelton, J AF Castor, Delivette Cook, Stephanie Leclerc-Madlala, Susan Shelton, James TI Intimate-partner violence and HIV in South African women SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 [Castor, Delivette; Cook, Stephanie; Leclerc-Madlala, Susan; Shelton, James] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Castor, D (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM dcastor@usaid.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 9 PY 2010 VL 376 IS 9748 BP 1219 EP 1219 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61870-3 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 664ZT UT WOS:000283003500018 PM 20934586 ER PT J AU Vreeman, RC Nyandiko, WM Ayaya, SO Walumbe, EG Marrero, DG Inui, TS AF Vreeman, Rachel C. Nyandiko, Winstone M. Ayaya, Samwel O. Walumbe, Eunice G. Marrero, David G. Inui, Thomas S. TI The Perceived Impact of Disclosure of Pediatric HIV Status on Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, Child Well-Being, and Social Relationships in a Resource-Limited Setting SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTED CHILDREN; WESTERN KENYA; HEALTH-CARE; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; MEDICAL LITERATURE; USERS GUIDES; ADOLESCENTS; SURVIVAL; DIAGNOSIS; HIV/AIDS AB In resource-limited settings, beliefs about disclosing a child's HIV status and the subsequent impacts of disclosure have not been well studied. We sought to describe how parents and guardians of HIV-infected children view the impact of disclosing a child's HIV status, particularly for children's antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. A qualitative study was conducted using involving focus groups and interviews with parents and guardians of HIV-infected children receiving ART in western Kenya. Interviews covered multiple aspects of the experience of having children take medicines. Transcribed interview dialogues were coded for analysis. Data were collected from 120 parents and guardians caring for children 0-14 years (mean 6.8 years, standard deviation [SD] 6.4); 118 of 120 had not told the children they had HIV. Children's caregivers (parents and guardians) described their views on disclosure to children and to others, including how this information-sharing impacted pediatric ART adherence, children's well-being, and their social relationships. Caregivers believed that disclosure might have benefits such as improved ART adherence, especially for older children, and better engagement of a helping social network. They also feared, however, that disclosure might have both negative psychological effects for children and negative social effects for their families, including discrimination. In western Kenya, caregivers' views on the risks and benefits to disclosing children's HIV status emerged a key theme related to a family's experience with HIV medications, even for families who had not disclosed the child's status. Assessing caregivers' views of disclosure is important to understanding and monitoring pediatric ART. C1 [Vreeman, Rachel C.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Marrero, David G.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Diabet Translat Res Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Marrero, David G.; Inui, Thomas S.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Nyandiko, Winstone M.; Ayaya, Samwel O.; Walumbe, Eunice G.; Inui, Thomas S.] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Inui, Thomas S.] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Nyandiko, Winstone M.; Ayaya, Samwel O.] Moi Univ Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth & Paediat, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Vreeman, RC (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Hlth Informat & Translat Sci Bldg,Suite 1020,410, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rvreeman@iupui.edu FU United States Agency for International Development FX This research was supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The authors give special thanks to the families and to the health care providers of AMPATH, including the nurses, clinicians, and pharmacy staff, all of whom work tirelessly to ensure that the children of Western Kenya receive the medications they need. In particular, we would like to thank Dr. Esther Nabakwe, Dr. Peter Gisore, Dr. Sarah Wiehe, Dr. Constance Tenge, and the other members of the AMPATH Pediatric Research Working Group. NR 50 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD OCT PY 2010 VL 24 IS 10 BP 639 EP 649 DI 10.1089/apc.2010.0079 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 660XW UT WOS:000282682300005 PM 20836704 ER PT J AU Arevalo, M Sinai, I Olivotti, B Bahamondes, L AF Arevalo, Marcos Sinai, Irit Olivotti, Bruna Bahamondes, Luis TI Implications of cycle length immediately after discontinuation of combined oral contraceptives on use of the Standard Days Method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article DE Cycle regularity; Oral contraceptive discontinuation; Standard Days Method ID MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; CONCEPTION; EXPERIENCE; DELAY AB Objective: To determine when after discontinuing the use of combined oral contraceptives (COG) women can start using the Standard Days Method (SDM)-a fertility awareness-based family-planning method that is appropriate only for women for whom most menstrual cycles last 26-32 days. Methods: We reviewed data from the medical records of women who attended the Human Reproduction Unit at the University of Campinas, Brazil, between October 16, 1979, and May 5, 2006. The study population comprised women younger than 40 years of age who had recently switched from COG to copper intrauterine devices and whose clinical records contained the information necessary for determining the length of the first menstrual cycle immediately after discontinuing COG. Results: In total, 47.2% of the 2845 women included in the study had a first post-COG cycle of 26-32 days; 40.5% had a second cycle within that range. Conclusion: A first post-COG cycle within the 26-32-day range did not predict a second cycle within range. Women discontinuing COG should not start using the SDM in their first or second post-COG cycle, even if the first cycle falls within the stated range. Instead, they should use a backup method until they meet the necessary eligibility criteria. (C) 2010 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sinai, Irit] Georgetown Univ, Inst Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Arevalo, Marcos] United States Agcy Int Dev, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Olivotti, Bruna; Bahamondes, Luis] Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Fac Med Sci, Human Reprod Unit, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Sinai, I (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Inst Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM sinaii@georgetown.edu RI Saude da mulher, Inct/J-9403-2013 FU Institute for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA [HRN-00-A-97-00011-00]; United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [GPO-A-00-07-00003-00] FX The Institute for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA, supported this study under cooperative agreement #HRN-00-A-97-00011-00 with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID); the preparation of this article was supported under cooperative agreement #GPO-A-00-07-00003-00 with USAID. The views expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of USAID, Georgetown University, or UNICAMP. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0020-7292 EI 1879-3479 J9 INT J GYNECOL OBSTET JI Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 111 IS 1 BP 78 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.05.017 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 661NN UT WOS:000282735100018 PM 20650457 ER PT J AU Vreeman, RC Nyandiko, WM Braitstein, P Were, MC Ayaya, SO Ndege, SK Wiehe, SE AF Vreeman, Rachel C. Nyandiko, Winstone M. Braitstein, Paula Were, Martin C. Ayaya, Samwel O. Ndege, Samson K. Wiehe, Sarah E. TI Acceptance of HIV Testing for Children Ages 18 Months to 13 Years Identified Through Voluntary, Home-Based HIV Counseling and Testing in Western Kenya SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE barriers to testing; HIV; home-based testing; pediatrics ID EXPERIENCE; AFRICA; MALAWI AB Background: Home-based voluntary counseling and testing (HCT) presents a novel approach to early diagnosis. We sought to describe uptake of pediatric HIV testing, associated factors, and HIV prevalence among children offered HCT in Kenya. Methods: The USAID-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Partnership conducted HCT in western Kenya in 2008. Children 18 months to 13 years were offered HCT if their mother was known to be dead, her living status was unknown, mother was HIV infected, or of unknown HIV status. This retrospective analysis describes the cohort of children encountered and tested. Results: HCT was offered to 2289 children and accepted for 1294 (57%). Children were more likely to be tested if more information was available about a suspected or confirmed maternal HIV infection [for HIV-infected living mothers odds ratio (OR) = 3.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.64 to 6.23), if parents were not in household (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.40 to 1.63), if they were grandchildren of head of household (OR = 4.02, 95% CI: 3.06 to 5.28), or if their father was not in household (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.56). Of the eligible children tested, 60 (4.6%) were HIV infected. Conclusions: HCT provides an opportunity to identify HIV among high-risk children; however, acceptance of HCT for children was limited. Further investigation is needed to identify and overcome barriers to testing uptake. C1 [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Wiehe, Sarah E.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Were, Martin C.; Wiehe, Sarah E.] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Vreeman, Rachel C.; Nyandiko, Winstone M.; Braitstein, Paula; Were, Martin C.; Ayaya, Samwel O.; Ndege, Samson K.; Wiehe, Sarah E.] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Nyandiko, Winstone M.; Ayaya, Samwel O.] Moi Univ Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth & Paediat, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula; Were, Martin C.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Moi Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Ndege, Samson K.] Moi Univ Sch Publ Hlth, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Vreeman, RC (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hlth Serv Res, 410 W 10th St,Suite 1020, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rvreeman@iupui.edu FU United States Agency for International Development FX Supported in part by a grant to the USAID - Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2 BP E3 EP E10 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181f0758f PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 658QI UT WOS:000282504100001 PM 20714272 ER PT J AU Gaos, AR Abreu-Grobois, FA Alfaro-Shigueto, J Amorocho, D Arauz, R Baquero, A Briseno, R Chacon, D Duenas, C Hasbun, C Liles, M Mariona, G Muccio, C Munoz, JP Nichols, WJ Pena, M Seminoff, JA Vasquez, M Urteaga, J Wallace, B Yanez, IL Zarate, P AF Gaos, Alexander R. Abreu-Grobois, F. A. Alfaro-Shigueto, J. Amorocho, D. Arauz, R. Baquero, A. Briseno, R. Chacon, D. Duenas, C. Hasbun, C. Liles, M. Mariona, G. Muccio, C. Munoz, J. P. Nichols, W. J. Pena, M. Seminoff, J. A. Vasquez, M. Urteaga, J. Wallace, B. Yanez, I. L. Zarate, P. TI Signs of hope in the eastern Pacific: international collaboration reveals encouraging status for a severely depleted population of hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Conservation network; Critically Endangered; eastern Pacific Ocean; Eretmochelys imbricata; hawksbill turtle; recovery; status; tortoiseshell ID VIABILITY ANALYSIS AB While little is known about hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata in the eastern Pacific Ocean, available information suggests that the population has declined substantially in recent decades and could be near extirpation in the region. To evaluate the current status of the population more effectively and to determine the feasibility of recovery efforts, a workshop of regional marine turtle specialists was held in June 2008 in Los Cobanos, El Salvador. An international working group, Iniciativa Carey del Pacifico Oriental (ICAPO; Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative in English), was established to consolidate information, promote conservation projects and raise awareness about the species. We present information derived from the workshop and compiled by the ICAPO working group since that time. Considering only records from 1 January 2007 to 31 May 2009 it appears that El Salvador hosts the majority of known hawksbill turtle nesting activity in the eastern Pacific, with 79.6% (n = 430) of all nesting observation records, and Mexico hosts the majority of records of hawksbill turtles at sea, with 60.3% (n = 44) of all in-water observation records. Although current abundance is very low, the pervasiveness of the species in the region suggests potential for conservation and recovery. Despite a historical paucity of research focusing on this population, the relatively large and steadily increasing number of records as a result of concerted efforts demonstrates the viability of the ICAPO network as an instrument to promote conservation of this species in the eastern Pacific. C1 [Gaos, Alexander R.; Yanez, I. L.] Ocean Fdn, Washington, DC USA. [Gaos, Alexander R.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92102 USA. [Abreu-Grobois, F. A.; Briseno, R.] UNAM, Lab Genet & Banco Informac Tortugas Marinas, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Mazatlan, Mexico. [Alfaro-Shigueto, J.] ProDelphinus, Lima, Peru. [Alfaro-Shigueto, J.] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. [Amorocho, D.] Ctr Invest El Manejo Ambiental & El Desarrollo, Cali, Colombia. [Arauz, R.] Programa Restaurac Tortugas Marinas, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Baquero, A.; Munoz, J. P.; Pena, M.] Fdn Equilibrio Azul, Quito, Ecuador. [Baquero, A.] Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. [Chacon, D.] WIDECAST Latin Amer, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Duenas, C.] Minist Medio Ambiente & Recursos Nat, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Hasbun, C.] USAID, Santa Elena, La Libertad, El Salvador. [Liles, M.; Mariona, G.] Fdn Zool El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Muccio, C.] Asociac Rescate & Conservac Vida Silvestre, San Lucas Sacatepequez, Guatemala. [Nichols, W. J.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Seminoff, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, San Diego, CA USA. [Vasquez, M.] Univ El Salvador, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, San Salvador, El Salvador. [Urteaga, J.] Fauna & Flora Int, Managua, Nicaragua. [Wallace, B.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, TX USA. [Yanez, I. L.] Grp Tortuguero Californias AC, La Paz, Mexico. [Zarate, P.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL USA. [Zarate, P.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Zarate, P.] Charles Darwin Fdn, Santa Cruz Isl, Galapagos Isl, Ecuador. RP Gaos, AR (reprint author), Ocean Fdn, Washington, DC USA. RI Abreu Grobois, Alberto/A-3560-2017 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Washington, DC, and La Jolla, California, USA); US Agency for International Development and Ocean Conservancy FX We gratefully acknowledge the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Washington, DC, and La Jolla, California, USA) and the US Agency for International Development and Ocean Conservancy for their sponsorship of the workshop. We thank the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the US Fish and Wildlife Service for providing key support for hawksbill research and conservation in the eastern Pacific, which led to much of the data provided here. We also thank data contributors, particularly Agnese Mancini, Alan Zavala (Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigacion para el Desarrollo Integral Regional-Instituto Politecnico Nacional), Alejandro Pena de Niz, Amilcar Levi Cupul Magana, Daniel Rios Olmeda, Estela Carretero Montes, Feliciano Mendia, Gabriel Hoeffer, Graciela Tiburcio, Hoyt Peckham, Jorge Castrejon Pineda, Jose de Jesus Romero, Jose Luis Morales, Juan Antonio Trejo, Juan Salvador Aceves, Julio Solis, Luis Garcia, Mario Salazar Ramos, Martha Harfush, Miguel Angel Flores Peregrina, Jose Gerardo Ayala Tapia, Romelia Barnett, Ruben Espinoza, Volker Koch and Gustavo Hinojosa Arango (School for Field Studies) of Mexico; Ministry of the Environment (MARN) of El Salvador; Fabian Sanchez, Marc Ward, Erick Lopez and Jorge Ballesteros of Costa Rica; Sarah Otterstrom, Lisa Gonzalez (Paso Pacifico), Luis Manzanares and Eddy Maradiaga of Nicaragua; William Diaz and Duvan Quiroga of Colombia; and Conservation International and Machalilla National Park of Ecuador. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 31 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 EI 1365-3008 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD OCT PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 595 EP 601 DI 10.1017/S0030605310000773 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 678AE UT WOS:000284038500027 ER PT J AU Johnson, HL Deloria-Knoll, M Levine, OS Stoszek, SK Hance, LF Reithinger, R Muenz, LR O'Brien, KL AF Johnson, Hope L. Deloria-Knoll, Maria Levine, Orin S. Stoszek, Sonia K. Hance, Laura Freimanis Reithinger, Richard Muenz, Larry R. O'Brien, Katherine L. TI Systematic Evaluation of Serotypes Causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children Under Five: The Pneumococcal Global Serotype Project SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; SURVEILLANCE AB Background: Approximately 800,000 children die each year due to pneumococcal disease and >90% of these deaths occur in developing countries where few children have access to life-saving serotype-based vaccines. Understanding the serotype epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among children is necessary for vaccine development and introduction policies. The aim of this study was to systematically estimate the global and regional distributions of serotypes causing IPD in children <5 years of age. Methods and Findings: We systematically reviewed studies with IPD serotype data among children <5 years of age from the published literature and unpublished data provided by researchers. Studies conducted prior to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction, from 1980 to 2007, with >= 12 months of surveillance, and reporting >= 20 serotyped isolates were included. Serotype-specific proportions were pooled in a random effects meta-analysis and combined with PD incidence and mortality estimates to infer global and regional serotype-specific PD burden. Of 1,292, studies reviewed, 169 were included comprising 60,090 isolates from 70 countries. Globally and regionally, six to 11 serotypes accounted for >= 70% of IPD. Seven serotypes (1, 5, 6A, 6B, 14, 19F, 23F) were the most common globally; and based on year 2000 incidence and mortality estimates these seven serotypes accounted for >300,000 deaths in Africa and 200,000 deaths in Asia. Serotypes included in both the 10- and 13-valent PCVs accounted for 10 million cases and 600,000 deaths worldwide. Conclusions: A limited number of serotypes cause most IPD worldwide. The serotypes included in existing PCV formulations account for 49%-88% of deaths in Africa and Asia where PD morbidity and mortality are the highest, but few children have access to these life-saving vaccines. C1 [Johnson, Hope L.; Deloria-Knoll, Maria; Levine, Orin S.; O'Brien, Katherine L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Int Vaccine Access Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Stoszek, Sonia K.; Hance, Laura Freimanis; Reithinger, Richard; Muenz, Larry R.] WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Reithinger, R (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM hjohnson@jhsph.edu FU GAVI Alliance FX This work was funded by the GAVI Alliance. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 124 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 7 IS 10 AR e1000348 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000348 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 671IB UT WOS:000283493200010 ER PT J AU Merritt, MW Labrique, AB Katz, J Rashid, M West, KP Pettit, J AF Merritt, Maria W. Labrique, Alain B. Katz, Joanne Rashid, Mahbubur West, Keith P., Jr. Pettit, Joan TI A Field Training Guide for Human Subjects Research Ethics SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; CHILD-MORTALITY; SOUTHERN NEPAL; ANCILLARY CARE; IMPACT C1 [Merritt, Maria W.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Berman Inst Bioeth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Merritt, Maria W.; Labrique, Alain B.; Katz, Joanne; West, Keith P., Jr.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. [Labrique, Alain B.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Rashid, Mahbubur] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bangladesh Hlth & Populat Programmes, USAID, JiVitA Project, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Pettit, Joan] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Review Board Off, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Merritt, MW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Berman Inst Bioeth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM mmerritt@jhsph.edu OI Labrique, Alain/0000-0003-2502-7819 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 7 IS 10 AR e1000349 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000349 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 671IB UT WOS:000283493200005 ER PT J AU Bacchus, WI Bach, SI Jacobson, GC Seidman, D Starr, H AF Bacchus, William I. Bach, Stanley I. Jacobson, Gary C. Seidman, David Starr, Harvey TI ARNOLD KANTER IN MEMORIAM SO PS-POLITICAL SCIENCE & POLITICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Bach, Stanley I.] Lib Congress, Congress Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Jacobson, Gary C.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Seidman, David] US Dept Justice, Washington, DC USA. [Starr, Harvey] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Bacchus, William I.] US Agcy Int Dev, US Dept State, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1049-0965 J9 PS-POLIT SCI POLIT JI PS-Polit. Sci. Polit. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 43 IS 4 BP 803 EP 804 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 670TX UT WOS:000283451300042 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Towards better science and programmes SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID FETAL LOSS; VIOLENCE C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 18 PY 2010 VL 376 IS 9745 BP 954 EP 954 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61443-2 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 655JZ UT WOS:000282247600017 PM 20851252 ER PT J AU Mwangi, MAK Butchart, SHM Munyekenye, FB Bennun, LA Evans, MI Fishpool, LDC Kanyanya, E Madindou, I Machekele, J Matiku, P Mulwa, R Ngari, A Siele, J Stattersfield, AJ AF Mwangi, M. A. Kiragu Butchart, S. H. M. Munyekenye, F. B. Bennun, L. A. Evans, M. I. Fishpool, L. D. C. Kanyanya, E. Madindou, I. Machekele, J. Matiku, P. Mulwa, R. Ngari, A. Siele, J. Stattersfield, A. J. TI Tracking trends in key sites for biodiversity: a case study using Important Bird Areas in Kenya SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; AFRICA AB Important Bird Areas (IBAs) form a network of priority sites that are critical for the conservation of birds and biodiversity. A standard framework for monitoring IBAs is being implemented by the BirdLife Partnership globally. Scores are assigned on a simple ranked scale for state (condition), pressure (threats) and response (conservation action) at each site, from which IBA indices can be calculated. In Kenya, this scoring system was applied retrospectively using information in the national IBA directory (1999) and subsequent status reports (2004 and 2005). IBA indices for 36 IBAs show that their average condition deteriorated between 1999 and 2005, with the mean state score being between 'unfavourable' and 'near favourable'. Pressures on IBAs showed a slight decline in intensity, especially from 2004 to 2005, coincident with an improvement in management that was reflected in increasing response scores. Compared to unprotected IBAs, officially protected sites had substantially greater conservation responses underway, were subject to marginally lower pressures and tended to be in slightly better condition. Other disaggregations of the data allow comparisons to be made for sites in different habitats, of different size, and managed by different agencies. This national example for Kenya suggests that the BirdLife IBA monitoring framework provides a simple but effective way of tracking trends in the state of IBAs, the pressures upon them, and the responses in place. The system is sensitive enough to detect differences between sites and over time, but simple enough to be implemented with little training and without sophisticated technology. The results provide vital information for managers of individual protected areas, management agencies responsible for suites of sites, and national governments, and can be used to track progress in tackling the global biodiversity crisis. C1 [Mwangi, M. A. Kiragu; Butchart, S. H. M.; Bennun, L. A.; Evans, M. I.; Fishpool, L. D. C.; Stattersfield, A. J.] BirdLife Int, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. [Madindou, I.; Mulwa, R.] Natl Museums Kenya, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. [Kanyanya, E.] USAID, Nairobi, Kenya. [Machekele, J.] Interim Independent Electoral Commiss, Malindi, Kenya. RP Mwangi, MAK (reprint author), BirdLife Int, Wellbrook Court, Girton Rd, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. EM kiragu.mwangi@birdlife.org FU Darwin Initiative; European Union; Royal Society FX We are grateful to all those who contributed to the development of the BirdLife monitoring framework and who collected the monitoring data for Kenyan IBAs. It has been a collaborative effort involving the Kenya Forest Service, Kenya Wildlife Service, National Museums of Kenya, Nature Kenya members, A Rocha Kenya, and members of many Site Support Groups, including Kijabe Environment Volunteers, Friends of Kinangop Plateau, Lake Victoria Sunset Birders, Mount Kenya Biodiversity Group, Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Guides Association, Kakamega Environmental Education Programme, South Nandi Biodiversity Conservation Group and Mukurwe-ini Environmental Volunteers. We thank Neville Ash, Ian Burfield, Neil Burgess, Rob Clay, Will Crosse, David Knox and John Pilgrim for discussion of the merits of different approaches to calculating IBA indices, and Ian May and Mark Balman for help with data management. We are indebted to anonymous referees and Phil Atkinson for very constructive comments that greatly improved the paper. We also gratefully acknowledge funding for the monitoring work from the Darwin Initiative, The European Union and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 20 IS 3 BP 215 EP 230 DI 10.1017/S0959270910000456 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 668RF UT WOS:000283286600001 ER PT J AU Ochieng-Ooko, V Ochieng, D Sidle, JE Holdsworth, M Wools-Kaloustian, K Siika, AM Yiannoutsos, CT Owiti, M Kimaiyo, S Braitstein, P AF Ochieng-Ooko, Vincent Ochieng, Daniel Sidle, John E. Holdsworth, Margaret Wools-Kaloustian, Kara Siika, Abraham M. Yiannoutsos, Constantin T. Owiti, Michael Kimaiyo, Sylvester Braitstein, Paula TI Influence of gender on loss to follow-up in a large HIV treatment programme in western Kenya SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; INFECTED PATIENTS; INCOME COUNTRIES; ADULT PATIENTS; SCALE-UP; OUTCOMES; CARE; MORTALITY AB Objective To determine the incidence of loss to follow-up in a treatment programme for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Kenya and to investigate how loss to follow-up is affected by gender. Methods Between November 2001 and November 2007, 50 275 HIV-positive individuals aged >= 14 years (69% female; median age: 36.2 years) were enrolled in the study. An individual was lost to follow-up when absent from the HIV treatment clinic for >3 months if on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) or for >6 months if not. The incidence of loss to follow-up was calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods and factors associated with loss to follow-up were identified by logistic and Cox multivariate regression analysis. Findings Overall, 8% of individuals attended no follow-up visits, and 54% of them were lost to follow-up. The overall incidence of loss to follow-up was 25.1 per 100 person-years. Among the 92% who attended at least one follow-up visit, the incidence of loss to follow-up before and after starting cART was 27.2 and 14.0 per 100 person-years, respectively. Baseline factors associated with loss to follow-up included younger age, a long travel time to the clinic, patient disclosure of positive HIV status, high CD4+ lymphocyte count, advanced-stage HIV disease, and rural clinic location. Men were at an increased risk overall and before and after starting cART. Conclusion The risk of being lost to follow-up was high, particularly before starting cART. Men were more likely to become lost to follow-up, even after adjusting for baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Interventions designed for men and women separately could improve retention. C1 [Sidle, John E.; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Siika, Abraham M.; Braitstein, Paula] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Ochieng-Ooko, Vincent; Ochieng, Daniel; Holdsworth, Margaret] US Agcy Int Dev, Eldoret, Kenya. [Owiti, Michael; Kimaiyo, Sylvester] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biostat, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Braitstein, P (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, 1001 W 10th St OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM pbraitstein@yahoo.com FU United States Agency for International Development; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health (NIAID) [U01-AI0669911] FX This study was supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and by a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grant to the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS - East Africa Regional Consortium. This study was also funded in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIAID) grant number U01-AI0669911 (East Africa IeDEA Regional Consortium), and a targeted evaluation supplement to this grant by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). NR 24 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 88 IS 9 BP 681 EP 688 DI 10.2471/BLT.09.064329 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 660VF UT WOS:000282673900011 PM 20865073 ER PT J AU Jackson, S AF Jackson, Scott TI Mulling over Massachusetts: Health Insurance Mandates and Entrepreneurs SO ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT; FIRM FORMATION; ENTRY; INNOVATION; DECISIONS; MOBILITY; BARRIERS; GROWTH; MARKET AB The author provides preliminary and provocative results regarding the impact of health insurance mandates on the propensity of entrepreneurs to start new organizations. In keeping with a well-observed propensity for individuals to adjust their economic calculations in anticipation of future costs/benefits, the evidence suggests that when confronted with such mandates, potential entrepreneurs may either abandon entrepreneurial ambitions or seek to minimize mandate costs through jurisdictional arbitrage with appreciable implications for state and national level approaches to health care, health insurance provision, and workers. C1 [Jackson, Scott] George Mason Univ, Sch Publ Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Jackson, Scott] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Jackson, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Publ Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM 6thjaxon@gmail.com NR 86 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1042-2587 J9 ENTREP THEORY PRACT JI Entrep. Theory Pract. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 34 IS 5 BP 909 EP 932 DI 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00351.x PG 24 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 647PT UT WOS:000281631800005 ER PT J AU Belo, MTCT Luiz, RR Hanson, C Selig, L Teixeira, EG Chalfoun, T Trajman, A AF Carreira Teixeira Belo, Marcia Teresa Luiz, Ronir Ragio Hanson, Christy Selig, Lia Teixeira, Eleny Guimaraes Chalfoun, Thiago Trajman, Anete TI Tuberculosis and gender in a priority city in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil SO JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PNEUMOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Poverty; Tuberculosis; Income ID WOMEN; DIAGNOSIS; VIETNAM AB The objective of this study was to compare gender differences among tuberculosis patients in a city with a high incidence of tuberculosis. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study involving 560 tuberculosis patients (373 males and 187 females). Sociodemographic and clinical data, as well as data related to diagnostic criteria and treatment outcome, were collected (from the questionnaires and medical records) and subsequently compared between the genders. The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 90 days. There were no differences between the genders regarding the clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, previous noncompliance with treatment, time from symptom onset, number of medical appointments prior to diagnosis, or treatment outcome. Gender-specific approaches are not a priority in Brazil. However, regardless of patient gender, the delay in diagnosis is a major concern. C1 [Teixeira, Eleny Guimaraes] Univ Gama Filho, Dept Clin Med, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Carreira Teixeira Belo, Marcia Teresa; Teixeira, Eleny Guimaraes] Souza Marques Technoeduc Fdn, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Luiz, Ronir Ragio] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Collect Hlth Inst, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Hanson, Christy] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Selig, Lia] Serra Orgaos Educ Fdn, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Belo, MTCT (reprint author), Rua Fonte da Saudade 132-503, BR-22471210 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM mtbelo@uol.com.br RI Luiz, Ronir/C-3372-2013 OI Luiz, Ronir/0000-0002-7784-9905 FU International Clinical Operational and Health Services [5 U2R TW006883-02]; World Bank FX Financial support: The study received financial support from the World Bank Reaching the Poor Program and from the International Clinical Operational and Health Services Research and Training Award, ICOHRTA AIDS/TB grant no. 5 U2R TW006883-02. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC BRASILEIRA PNEUMOLOGIA TISIOLOGIA PI BRASILIA DF PA SEPS 714-719, BLOCO E ASA SUL, SALAS 220-223, BRASILIA DF, CEP70390-145, BRAZIL SN 1806-3713 J9 J BRAS PNEUMOL JI J. Bras. Pneumol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 5 BP 621 EP 625 DI 10.1590/S1806-37132010000500015 PG 5 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 670DR UT WOS:000283401900015 PM 21085829 ER PT J AU Kinyua, D McGeoch, LE Georgiadis, N Young, TP AF Kinyua, David McGeoch, Lauren E. Georgiadis, Nicholas Young, Truman P. TI Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Soil Ripping, Seeding, and Fertilization on the Restoration of a Tropical Rangeland SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE degradation; East Africa; infiltration; Kenya; Laikipia; overgrazing; rehabilitation; ripping ID SOUTH-AFRICA; NAMA-KAROO; DOMINATED RANGELAND; SEMIARID RANGELAND; SAVANNA ECOSYSTEM; VEGETATION CHANGE; GRAZING SYSTEMS; BARE PATCHES; DEGRADATION; REHABILITATION AB Rangeland degradation is a serious problem in semiarid Africa. Extensive areas of bare, compacted, nutrient-poor soils limit the productivity and biodiversity of many areas. We conducted a set of restoration experiments in which all eight combinations of soil tilling, fertilization, and seeding with native perennial grasses were carried out in replicated plots. After 6 months, little aboveground biomass was produced in plots without tilling, regardless of seeding or fertilization. Tilling alone tripled plant biomass, mostly of herbaceous forbs and annual grasses. Perennial grasses were essentially limited to plots that were both tilled and seeded. The addition of fertilizer had no significant additional effects. After 7 years, vegetation had declined, but there were still large differences among treatments. After 10 years, one tilled (and seeded) plot had reverted to bare ground, but the other tilled plots still had substantial vegetation. Only one seeded grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) was still a contributor to total cover after 10 years. We suggest that restoration efforts on these soils be directed first to breaking up the surface crust, and second to the addition of desirable seed. A simple ripping trial inspired by this experiment showed considerable promise as a low-cost restoration technique. C1 [Kinyua, David; McGeoch, Lauren E.; Georgiadis, Nicholas; Young, Truman P.] Mpala Res Ctr, Nanyuki, Kenya. [Kinyua, David] USAID E Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. [McGeoch, Lauren E.; Young, Truman P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Georgiadis, Nicholas] PERC, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Young, TP (reprint author), Mpala Res Ctr, POB 555, Nanyuki, Kenya. EM tpyoung@ucdavis.edu RI Porensky, Lauren/D-2934-2011 FU CitiBank Kenya fellowship; Herbert Kraft; U. C. Davis Plant Sciences Fellowships; National Science Foundation [BSR-97-07477] FX We are grateful for the support of a CitiBank Kenya fellowship (to D. K.), Herbert Kraft and U. C. Davis Plant Sciences Fellowships (to L. E. M.), and the National Science Foundation (BSR-97-07477, to TPY). We also appreciate the generosity and cooperation of J. and K. Wreford-Smith and the late G. Small. This article was improved by L. Defalco, anonymous reviewers, and editor J. Aronson. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 SU 1 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00594.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 648TN UT WOS:000281717200024 ER PT J AU Mukanga, D Namusisi, O Gitta, SN Pariyo, G Tshimanga, M Weaver, A Trostle, M AF Mukanga, David Namusisi, Olivia Gitta, Sheba N. Pariyo, George Tshimanga, Mufuta Weaver, Angela Trostle, Murray TI Field Epidemiology Training Programmes in Africa - Where are the Graduates? SO HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-RESOURCES; HEALTH AB Background: The current shortage of human resources for health threatens the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals. There is currently limited published evidence of health-related training programmes in Africa that have produced graduates, who remain and work in their countries after graduation. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that the majority of graduates of field epidemiology training programmes (FETPs) in Africa stay on to work in their home countries-many as valuable resources to overstretched health systems. Methods: Alumni data from African FETPs were reviewed in order to establish graduate retention. Retention was defined as a graduate staying and working in their home country for at least 3 years after graduation. African FETPs are located in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. However, this paper only includes the Uganda and Zimbabwe FETPs, as all the others are recent programmes. Results: This review shows that enrolment increased over the years, and that there is high graduate retention, with 85.1% (223/261) of graduates working within country of training; most working with Ministries of Health (46.2%; 105/261) and non-governmental organizations (17.5%; 40/261). Retention of graduates with a medical undergraduate degree was higher (Zimbabwe 80% [36/83]; Uganda 90.6% [125/178]) than for those with other undergraduate qualifications (Zimbabwe 71.1% [27/83]; Uganda 87.5% [35/178]). Conclusions: African FETPs have unique features which may explain their high retention of graduates. These include: programme ownership by ministries of health and local universities; well defined career paths; competence-based training coupled with a focus on field practice during training; awarding degrees upon completion; extensive training and research opportunities made available to graduates; and the social capital acquired during training. C1 [Mukanga, David; Namusisi, Olivia; Gitta, Sheba N.] African Field Epidemiol Network, Kampala, Uganda. [Pariyo, George] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Tshimanga, Mufuta] Univ Zimbabwe, Dept Community Med, Mt Pleasant, Zimbabwe. [Weaver, Angela] US Agcy Int Dev, Inst Publ Hlth, Global Hlth Fellows Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Mukanga, D (reprint author), African Field Epidemiol Network, POB 12874, Kampala, Uganda. EM dmukanga@afenet.net OI Pariyo, George/0000-0002-4411-2309 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1478-4491 J9 HUM RESOUR HEALTH JI Hum. Resour. Health PD AUG 9 PY 2010 VL 8 AR 18 DI 10.1186/1478-4491-8-18 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Industrial Relations & Labor SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Business & Economics GA 656DX UT WOS:000282307500001 PM 20696029 ER PT J AU Fardous, A Gondal, S Shah, ZA Ahmad, K Khan, ZI Ibrahim, M Ejaz, A Ahmad, W Ullahand, S Valeem, EE AF Fardous, Asia Gondal, Sumaira Shah, Zahid Ali Ahmad, Kafeel Khan, Zafar Iqbal Ibrahim, Muhammad Ejaz, Abid Ahmad, Waqar Ullahand, Sami Valeem, Ehsan Elahi TI SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM DYNAMICS IN SOIL-PLANT-ANIMAL CONTINUUM SO PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID NORTH FLORIDA; MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; SEMIARID REGION; GRAZING SEASON; FORAGE; PAKISTAN; SHEEP; MACROMINERALS; BICARBONATE AB This study was carried out to evaluate the macro mineral status in dry-non pregnant cows at Rural Domestic Farm. Soil, forage, and blood samples were obtained four times and after wet digestion were analyzed for macro minerals. Effect of sampling periods on soil sodium and Mg, forage K(+) and Mg(+2), and plasma Na(+) and K(+) was found to be significant while the reverse was true for other minerals in different parameters. Soil Na(+) and Mg(+2), forage Mg(+2) and plasma Mg(+2) was lower than the requirements of grazing livestock while the soil K(+) forage Na(+) and K(+) and plasma Na(+) and K(+) were higher than the critical levels recommended for livestock. Based on these results it can be concluded that need of the soil amendment with fertilizers and supplementation of grazing animals with the mixture mineral deficient in forage and blood plasma is not warranted but occasionally supplementation would alleviate the potential hazards of deficiency of these elements in farm animals. C1 [Fardous, Asia; Gondal, Sumaira; Shah, Zahid Ali; Ahmad, Kafeel; Khan, Zafar Iqbal; Ejaz, Abid] Univ Sargodha, Dept Biol Sci, Sargodha, Pakistan. [Ibrahim, Muhammad] GC Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan. [Ahmad, Waqar] USAID, Lahore, Pakistan. Univ Sargodha, Univ Coll Agr, Sargodha, Pakistan. [Valeem, Ehsan Elahi] Govt Degree Coll Buffer Zone, Dept Bot, Karachi 75850, Pakistan. RP Ahmad, K (reprint author), Univ Sargodha, Dept Biol Sci, Sargodha, Pakistan. EM kafeeluaf@yahoo.com; valeem@hotmail.com RI Ibrahim, Muhammad/D-8635-2011; Valeem, Ehsan Elahi/A-8924-2010; Ahmad, Kafeel/J-1864-2015; IQBAL KHAN, ZAFAR/J-2258-2015; OI Valeem, Ehsan Elahi/0000-0002-2909-6558 NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU PAKISTAN BOTANICAL SOC PI KARACHI PA DEPT OF BOTANY UNIV KARACHI, 32 KARACHI, PAKISTAN SN 0556-3321 J9 PAK J BOT JI Pak. J. Bot. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 2411 EP 2421 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 655UV UT WOS:000282278800023 ER PT J AU Arevalo, M Yeager, B Sinai, I Panfichi, R Jennings, V AF Arevalo, Marcos Yeager, Beth Sinai, Irit Panfichi, Rosario Jennings, Victoria TI Adding the Standard Days Method (R) to the contraceptive method mix in a high-prevalence setting in Peru SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Contraception; natural family planning methods; contraception behavior; Peru AB Objective. To determine what contribution the Standard Days Method (R) (SDM) makes to the contraceptive mix offered by regular health services in areas of Peru where contraceptive prevalence rates (CPR) are already high. Methods. SDM was added to the family planning methods offered by the Ministry of Health in two provinces in Peru in September 2002. Retrospective interviews were conducted in March-June 2004 with 1 200 women who had chosen SDM as their contraceptive method and had used it for 2-20 months. Data were also obtained from the databases of the participating health services. The evaluation covered SDM demand, whether or not clients were switching to SDM from other modern methods, and SDM continuation and effectiveness. Results. Demand for SDM stabilized at 6% of all new family planning users. Most users had not been using any reliable contraception at the time they started using SDM. About 89% of those who began using SDM at least 6 months before the interview were still using it at 6 months. The 12-month typical use pregnancy rate was estimated to be around 10.0 per 100 women years. Conclusions. Adding SDM to a program's existing contraceptive method mix can increase coverage even in an already high-CPR setting. Most women who choose SDM do not switch from any other modern family planning method. Continuation compares well with other modern user-directed methods. SDM effectiveness, when offered in regular service delivery circumstances, compares well to efficacy trial findings. C1 [Sinai, Irit; Jennings, Victoria] Georgetown Univ, Inst Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Jennings, Victoria] Inst Salud Reprod, Lima, Peru. [Arevalo, Marcos] US Agcy Int Dev, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [Yeager, Beth] Int Relief & Dev, Rosslyn, VA USA. RP Sinai, I (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Inst Reprod Hlth, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM sinaii@georgetown.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD AUG PY 2010 VL 28 IS 2 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 668GY UT WOS:000283257800002 PM 20963273 ER PT J AU Holmes, CB Coggin, W Jamieson, D Mihm, H Granich, R Savio, P Hope, M Ryan, C Moloney-Kitts, M Goosby, EP Dybul, M AF Holmes, Charles B. Coggin, William Jamieson, David Mihm, Heidi Granich, Reuben Savio, Phillip Hope, Michael Ryan, Caroline Moloney-Kitts, Michele Goosby, Eric P. Dybul, Mark TI Use of Generic Antiretroviral Agents and Cost Savings in PEPFAR Treatment Programs SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AFRICA; TENOFOVIR; HIV AB Context One of the biggest hurdles to the rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in the developing world was the price of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). Modification of an existing US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) process to expedite review and approval of generic ARVs quickly resulted in a large number of FDA-tentatively approved ARVs available for use by the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Objective To evaluate the uptake of generic ARVs among PEPFAR-supported programs in Guyana, Haiti, Vietnam, and 13 countries in Africa, and changes over time in ARV use and costs. Design, Setting, and Participants An annual survey from 2005 to 2008 of ARVs purchased in 16 countries by PEPFAR implementing and procurement partners (organizations using PEPFAR funding to purchase ARVs). Main Outcome Measures Drug expenditures, ARV types and volumes (assessed per pack, a 1-month supply), proportion of generic procurement across years and countries, and cost savings from generic procurement. Results ARV expenditures increased from $116.8 million (2005) to $202.2 million (2008); and procurement increased from 6.2 million to 22.1 million monthly packs. The proportion spent on generic ARVs increased from 9.17% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.17%-9.18%) in 2005 to 76.41% (95% CI, 76.41%-76.42%) in 2008 (P<.001), and the proportion of generic packs procured increased from 14.8% (95% CI, 14.79%-14.84%) in 2005 to 89.33% (95% CI, 89.32%-89.34%) in 2008 (P similar to. 001). In 2008, there were 8 PEPFAR programs that procured at least 90.0% of ARV packs in generic form; South Africa had the lowest generic procurement (24.7%; 95% CI, 24.6%-24.8%). Procurement of generic fixed-dose combinations increased from 33.3% (95% CI, 33.24%-33.43%) in 2005 to 42.73% (95% CI, 42.71%-42.75%) in 2008. Estimated yearly savings generated through generic ARV use were $8 108 444 in 2005, $24 940 014 in 2006, $75 645 816 in 2007, and $214 648 982 in 2008, a total estimated savings of $323 343 256. Conclusion Among PEPFAR-supported programs in 16 countries, availability of generic ARVs was associated with increased ARV procurement and substantial estimated cost savings. JAMA. 2010;304(3):313-320 www.jama.com C1 [Holmes, Charles B.; Coggin, William; Granich, Reuben; Ryan, Caroline; Moloney-Kitts, Michele; Goosby, Eric P.; Dybul, Mark] US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, Washington, DC 20522 USA. [Jamieson, David; Savio, Phillip] Supply Chain Management Syst, Arlington, VA USA. [Mihm, Heidi; Hope, Michael] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Holmes, CB (reprint author), US Dept State, Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, 2100 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20522 USA. EM holmescb@state.gov FU US government FX This study was funded by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) of the US government. NR 16 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 21 PY 2010 VL 304 IS 3 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1001/jama.2010.993 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 628HV UT WOS:000280107500021 PM 20639565 ER PT J AU Hwang, J Graves, PM Jima, D Reithinger, R Kachur, SP AF Hwang, Jimee Graves, Patricia M. Jima, Daddi Reithinger, Richard Kachur, S. Patrick CA Ethiopia MIS Working Grp TI Knowledge of Malaria and Its Association with Malaria-Related Behaviors-Results from the Malaria Indicator Survey, Ethiopia, 2007 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS; CHILDHOOD FEBRILE ILLNESSES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PREGNANT-WOMEN; BED NETS; TREATMENT SEEKING; RURAL ETHIOPIA; WESTERN KENYA; CHILDREN; OWNERSHIP AB Background: In 2005, the Ministry of Health in Ethiopia launched a major effort to distribute over 20 million long-lasting insecticidal nets, provide universal access to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs), and train 30,000 village-based health extension workers. Methods and Findings: A cross-sectional, nationally representative Malaria Indicator Survey was conducted during the malaria transmission season in 2007. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of women's malaria knowledge on household ITN ownership and women's ITN use. In addition, we investigated the effect of mothers' malaria knowledge on their children under 5 years of age's (U5) ITN use and their access to fever treatment on behalf of their child U5. Malaria knowledge was based on a composite index about the causes, symptoms, danger signs and prevention of malaria. Approximately 67% of women (n = 5,949) and mothers of children U5 (n = 3,447) reported some knowledge of malaria. Women's knowledge of malaria was significantly associated with household ITN ownership (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-2.7) and with increased ITN use for themselves (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.5). Knowledge of malaria amongst mothers of children U5 was associated with ITN use for their children U5 (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.4), but not significantly associated with their children U5 seeking care for a fever. School attendance was a significant factor in women's ITN use (aOR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.1-3.9), their children U5's ITN use (aOR = 4.4; 95% CI 1.6-12.1), and their children U5 having sought treatment for a fever (aOR = 6.5; 95% CI 1.9-22.9). Conclusions: Along with mass free distribution of ITNs and universal access to ACTs, delivery of targeted malaria educational information to women could improve ITN ownership and use. Efforts to control malaria could be influenced by progress towards broader goals of improving access to education, especially for women. C1 [Hwang, Jimee; Kachur, S. Patrick] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hwang, Jimee] UCSF Global Hlth Sci, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA USA. [Graves, Patricia M.] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Jima, Daddi] Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jhwang@cdc.gov RI Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 FU United States Agency for International Development; Carter Center; Malaria Control and Evaluation Partnership in Africa (MACEPA) at PATH FX The Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health received funding for this national survey from the United States Agency for International Development, The Carter Center, and The Malaria Control and Evaluation Partnership in Africa (MACEPA) at PATH. Although the above funding partners provided technical assistance in the study design, data collection and analysis and preparation of the manuscript, all decisions to publish were made by the Ministry of Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also provided technical assistance in the study design, data collection and analysis, and preparation of the manuscript, but did not provide funding for this evaluation. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and may not reflect the position of their employing organizations nor of the sources of funding. NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 21 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 7 AR e11692 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0011692 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 629KQ UT WOS:000280197500030 PM 20657782 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI Two-component generalised HIV epidemics Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM JShelton@USAID.GOV NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 3 PY 2010 VL 376 IS 9734 BP 22 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61048-3 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 624SR UT WOS:000279841600019 ER PT J AU Betancourt, TS Borisova, II Williams, TP Brennan, RT Whitfield, TH de la Soudiere, M Williamson, J Gilman, SE AF Betancourt, Theresa Stichick Borisova, Ivelina Ivanova Williams, Timothy Philip Brennan, Robert T. Whitfield, Theodore H. de la Soudiere, Marie Williamson, John Gilman, Stephen E. TI Sierra Leone's Former Child Soldiers: A Follow-Up Study of Psychosocial Adjustment and Community Reintegration SO CHILD DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MALE VIETNAM VETERANS; MENTAL-HEALTH; ALLOSTATIC LOAD; ARMED GROUPS; LIFE EVENTS; RESILIENCE; VIOLENCE; WAR; EDUCATION AB This is the first prospective study to investigate psychosocial adjustment in male and female former child soldiers (ages 10-18; n = 156, 12% female). The study began in Sierra Leone in 2002 and was designed to examine both risk and protective factors in psychosocial adjustment. Over the 2-year period of follow-up, youth who had wounded or killed others during the war demonstrated increases in hostility. Youth who survived rape not only had higher levels of anxiety and hostility but also demonstrated greater confidence and prosocial attitudes at follow-up. Of the potential protective resources examined, improved community acceptance was associated with reduced depression at follow-up and improved confidence and prosocial attitudes regardless of levels of violence exposure. Retention in school was also associated with greater prosocial attitudes. C1 [Betancourt, Theresa Stichick] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Francois Xavier Bagnoud Ctr Hlth & Human Rights, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Brennan, Robert T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [de la Soudiere, Marie] UNICEF, New York, NY USA. [Williamson, John] USAID, Displaced Children & Orphans Fund, Washington, DC USA. RP Betancourt, TS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Francois Xavier Bagnoud Ctr Hlth & Human Rights, 651 Huntington Ave,7th Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM theresa_betancourt@harvard.edu RI Brennan, Robert/B-8289-2013; Gilman, Stephen/E-7632-2010 OI Gilman, Stephen/0000-0002-8331-6419 FU NIMH NIH HHS [K01 MH077246-01A2, 1K01MH077246-01A2, K01 MH077246]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P60 MD002261] NR 89 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0009-3920 J9 CHILD DEV JI Child Dev. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 81 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1095 PG 19 WC Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 625YL UT WOS:000279932700004 PM 20636683 ER PT J AU Wongsrichanalai, C Varma, JK Juliano, JJ Kimerling, ME MacArthur, JR AF Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda Varma, Jay K. Juliano, Jonathan J. Kimerling, Michael E. MacArthur, John R. TI Extensive Drug Resistance in Malaria and Tuberculosis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CAMBODIA; EFFICACY; THERAPY AB Medscape, LLC is pleased to provide online continuing medical education (CME) for this journal article, allowing clinicians the opportunity to earn CME credit. This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of Medscape. LLC and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Medscape, LLC is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Medscape, LLC designates this educational activity for a maximum of 0.5 AMA PRA Category I Credits (TM). Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. All other clinicians completing this activity will be issued a certificate of participation. To participate in this journal CME activity: (1) review the learning objectives and author disclosures; (2) study the education content; (3) take the post-test and/or complete the evaluation at http://cme.medscape.com/viewpublication/30063; (4) view/print certificate. C1 [Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda] USAID, Off Publ Hlth, RDMA, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Varma, Jay K.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Varma, Jay K.; MacArthur, John R.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Juliano, Jonathan J.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Kimerling, Michael E.] Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. RP Wongsrichanalai, C (reprint author), USAID, Off Publ Hlth, RDMA, Athenee Tower,25th Floor,63 Wireless Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. EM cwongsrichanalai@usaid.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2010 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1063 EP 1067 DI 10.3201/eid1607.091840 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 620TG UT WOS:000279522200002 PM 20587175 ER PT J AU Wright, EL Belt, JAB Chambers, A Delaquil, P Goldstein, G AF Wright, Evelyn L. Belt, Juan A. B. Chambers, Adam Delaquil, Pat Goldstein, Gary TI A scenario analysis of investment options for the Cuban power sector using the MARKAL model SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Cuba power sector; Energy system modeling AB The Cuban power sector faces a need for extensive investment in new generating capacity, under a large number of uncertainties regarding future conditions, including: rate of demand growth, fluctuations in fuel prices, access to imported fuel, and access to investment capital for construction of new power plants and development of fuel import infrastructure. To identify cost effective investment strategies under these uncertainties, a supply and power sector MARKAL model was assembled, following an extensive review of available data on the Cuban power system and resource potentials. Two scenarios were assessed, a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario assuming continued moderate electricity load growth and domestic fuel production growth, and a high growth (HI) scenario assuming rapid electricity demand growth, rapid increase in domestic fuel production, and a transition to market pricing of electricity. Within these two scenarios sets, sensitivity analyses were conducted on a number of variables. The implications of least-cost investment strategies for new capacity builds, investment spending requirements, electricity prices, fuel expenditures, and carbon dioxide emissions for each scenario were assessed. Natural gas was found to be the cost effective fuel for new generation across both scenarios and most sensitivity cases, suggesting that access to natural gas, through increased domestic production and LNG import, is a clear priority for further analysis in the Cuban context. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wright, Evelyn L.; Chambers, Adam; Delaquil, Pat; Goldstein, Gary] Int Resources Grp, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Belt, Juan A. B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Wright, EL (reprint author), Int Resources Grp, 1211 Connecticut Ave,NW,Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM ewright@irgltd.com FU US Agency for International Development FX The authors acknowledge the support of the US Agency for International Development. The views reported herein do not represent the opinion or policy of the US Government. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JUL PY 2010 VL 38 IS 7 BP 3342 EP 3355 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.02.005 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611SV UT WOS:000278843700025 ER PT J AU Mauch, V Weil, D Munim, A Boillot, F Coninx, R Huseynova, S Powell, C Seita, A Wembanyama, H van den Hof, S AF Mauch, Verena Weil, Diana Munim, Aayid Boillot, Francois Coninx, Rudi Huseynova, Sevil Powell, Clydette Seita, Akihiro Wembanyama, Henriette van den Hof, Susan TI Structure and management of tuberculosis control programs in fragile states-Afghanistan, DR Congo, Haiti, Somalia SO HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Review DE Afghanistan; DR Congo; Haiti; Somalia; Tuberculosis; Health systems ID COMPLEX EMERGENCIES; HEALTH-SERVICES; TESTING CENTER; DOTS; CONFLICT; WAR; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; COUNTRY; RISK AB Objectives: Health care delivery is particularly problematic in fragile states often connected with increased incidence of communicable diseases, among them tuberculosis. This article draws upon experiences in tuberculosis control in four fragile states from which four lessons learned were derived. Methods: A structured inventory to extract common themes specific for TB control in fragile states was conducted among twelve providers of technical assistance who have worked in fragile states. The themes were applied to the TB control programs of Afghanistan, DR Congo, Haiti and Somalia during the years 2000-2006. Results: Case notifications and treatment outcomes have increased in all four countries since 2003 (treatment success rates 81-90%). Access to care and case detection however have remained insufficient (case detection rates 39-62%); There are four lessons learned: 1. TB control programs can function in fragile states. 2. National program leadership and stewardship are essential for quality and sustained TB control. 3. Partnerships with non-governmental providers are vital for continuous service delivery; 4. TB control programs in fragile states require consistent donor support. Conclusion: Despite challenges in management, coordination, security, logistics and funding, TB control programs can function in fragile states, but face considerable problems in access to diagnosis and treatment and therefore case detection. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mauch, Verena; van den Hof, Susan] KNCV TB Fdn, NL-2501 CC The Hague, Netherlands. [Weil, Diana] WHO Stop TB Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Munim, Aayid] WHO Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan. [Huseynova, Sevil] WHO Iraq, Amman, Jordan. [Boillot, Francois] Alter Sante Int & Dev, Montpellier, France. [Boillot, Francois] Int Union TB & Lung Dis IUATLD, Paris, France. [Wembanyama, Henriette] WHO Reg Off Africa, Brazzaville, Congo. [Coninx, Rudi] WHO Emergency Preparedness & Capac Bldg Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. [Powell, Clydette] USAID Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. [Seita, Akihiro] WHO Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt. [van den Hof, Susan] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Ctr Infect & Immun Amsterdam CINIMA, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Mauch, V (reprint author), KNCV TB Fdn, POB 146, NL-2501 CC The Hague, Netherlands. EM mauchv@kncvtbc.nl NR 78 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-8510 EI 1872-6054 J9 HEALTH POLICY JI Health Policy PD JUL PY 2010 VL 96 IS 2 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.01.003 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 620VR UT WOS:000279529400004 PM 20170977 ER PT J AU Braitstein, P Katshcke, A Shen, CY Sang, E Nyandiko, W Ochieng, VO Vreeman, R Yiannoutsos, CT Wools-Kaloustian, K Ayaya, S AF Braitstein, Paula Katshcke, Adrian Shen, Changyu Sang, Edwin Nyandiko, Winstone Ochieng, Vincent Ooko Vreeman, Rachel Yiannoutsos, Constantin T. Wools-Kaloustian, Kara Ayaya, Samwel TI Retention of HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in a comprehensive HIV clinical care programme in Western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE paediatrics; HIV; Africa; retention; losses-to-follow-up ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL-THERAPY; FOLLOW-UP; OUTCOMES; IMPACT; SURVIVAL; AFRICA; COHORT; MALAWI AB BACKGROUND To describe incidence rates (IR) and risk factors for loss-to-follow-up (LTFU) among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in a large HIV treatment programme in Western Kenya. METHODS The USAID-AMPATH Partnership has enrolled >100 000 patients (20% children) at 23 clinic sites throughout western Kenya. LTFU is defined as being absent from the clinic for >3 months if on combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) and >6 months if not. Included in this analysis were children aged <14 years, HIV exposed or infected at enrolment, and enrolled between April 2002 and March 2009. The IR for LTFU are presented per 100 child-years (CY) of follow-up. Proportional hazards models with time-independent and time-dependent covariates were used to model factors associated with LTFU. Weight for height Z-scores were calculated using EpiInfo, with severe malnutrition being defined as a Z-score <=-3.0. Immune suppression was defined as per WHO age-specific categories. RESULTS There were 13 510 children eligible for analysis, comprising 3106 children who at enrolment were HIV infected and 10 404 children who were HIV exposed. The overall IR of LTFU was 18.4 (17.8-18.9) per 100 CY. Among HIV-infected children, 15.2 (13.8-16.7) and 14.1 (13.1-15.8) per 100 CY became LTFU, pre- and post-cART initiation, respectively. The only independent risk factor for becoming LTFU among the HIV-infected children was severe immune suppression (AHR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.51-3.12). Among the HIV-exposed children, 20.1 per 100 (19.4-20.7) became LTFU. Independent risk factors for LTFU among them were being severely low weight for height (AHR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.25-2.28), being orphaned at enrolment (AHR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.23-1.64), being CDC Class B or C (AHR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.14-1.74), and having received cART (AHR: 1.56, 95% Cl: 1.23-1.99). Protective against becoming LTFU among the HIV exposed were testing HIV positive (AHR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.21-0.32), older age (AHR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.96), enrolling in later time periods, and receiving food supplementation (AHR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.32-1.04). CONCLUSIONS There is a high rate of LTFU among these highly vulnerable children, particularly among the HIV exposed. These data suggest that HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children are at especially high risk for LTFU if they are sick or malnourished. C1 [Braitstein, Paula; Katshcke, Adrian; Shen, Changyu; Vreeman, Rachel; Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Braitstein, Paula; Nyandiko, Winstone; Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Ayaya, Samwel] Moi Univ Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula; Katshcke, Adrian; Shen, Changyu; Sang, Edwin; Nyandiko, Winstone; Ochieng, Vincent Ooko; Vreeman, Rachel; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Ayaya, Samwel] USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula; Vreeman, Rachel] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Braitstein, P (reprint author), Indiana Univ Sch Med, 1001 W 10th St,OPW-M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM pbraitstein@yahoo.com FU Rockefeller Foundation; Kenyan Department of Leprosy, TB, and Lung Disease; United States Agency for International Development; National Institutes of Health (NIAID) [U01-AI0669911]; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) FX We thank all the clinicians in all the AMPATH clinics, especially the Clinical Officers, Medical Officers, paediatricians, nutritionists, outreach workers, and social workers, for their dedication in caring for patients and their attentiveness in accurately recording their patients' data. We also thank all the data entry technicians, data managers, administrative, and clerical staff, for enabling the collection, management, interpretation, and publication of these data. AMPATH and the authors are particularly grateful to the Rockefeller Foundation for funding the development of the AMPATH Medical Records System and the Kenyan Department of Leprosy, TB, and Lung Disease (formerly the Kenyan National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Program) for their support. This research was supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). This study was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIAID) grant number U01-AI0669911 (East Africa IeDEA Regional Consortium), and a targeted evaluation supplement to this grant by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JUL PY 2010 VL 15 IS 7 BP 833 EP 841 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02539.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 616XW UT WOS:000279245800008 PM 20487430 ER PT J AU Troccoli, A Boulahya, MS Dutton, JA Furlow, J Gurney, RJ Harrison, M AF Troccoli, Alberto Boulahya, Mohammed S. Dutton, John A. Furlow, John Gurney, Robert J. Harrison, Mike TI WEATHER AND CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE ENERGY SECTOR SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Troccoli, Alberto; Gurney, Robert J.] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England. [Boulahya, Mohammed S.] ClimDev Afr, Tunis, Tunisia. [Dutton, John A.] Prescient Weather Ltd, University Pk, PA USA. [Furlow, John] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Harrison, Mike] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. RP Troccoli, A (reprint author), CSIRO, Pye Lab, GPO Box 3023,Clunies Ross St, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM alberto.troccoli@csiro.au RI Troccoli, Alberto/A-1477-2012 NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 6 BP 785 EP 788 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2849.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 628HT UT WOS:000280107300006 ER PT J AU Sanghvi, TG Harvey, PWJ Wainwright, E AF Sanghvi, Tina G. Harvey, Philip W. J. Wainwright, Emily TI Maternal iron-folic acid supplementation programs: Evidence of impact and implementation SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Anemia; hemoglobin; iron deficiency; maternal health programs; maternal mortality; neonatal health programs; perinatal mortality; pregnancy ID ANEMIA; PREGNANCY; EXPERIENCES; PREVENTION; MORTALITY AB Background. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) review of nationally representative surveys from 1993 to 2005, 42% of pregnant women have anemia worldwide. Almost 90% of anemic women reside in Africa or Asia. Most countries have policies and programs for prenatal iron-folic acid supplementation, but coverage remains low and little emphasis is placed on this intervention within efforts to strengthen antenatal care services. The evidence of the public health impact of iron-folic acid supplementation and documentation of the potential for scaling up have not been reviewed recently. Objective. The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence regarding the impact on maternal mortality of iron-folic acid supplementation and the evidence for the effectiveness of this intervention in supplementation trials and large-scale programs. Methods. The impact on mortality is reviewed from observational studies that were analyzed for the Global Burden of Disease Analysis in 2004. Reviews of iron-folic acid supplementation trials were analyzed by other researchers and are summarized. Data on anemia reduction from two large-scale national programs are presented, and factors responsible for high coverage with iron-folic acid supplementation are discussed. Results. Iron-deficiency anemia underlies 115,000 maternal deaths per year. In Asia, anemia is the second highest cause of maternal mortality. Even mild and moderate anemia increase the risk of death in pregnant women. Iron-folic acid supplementation of pregnant women increases hemoglobin by 1.17 g/dL in developed countries and 1.13 g/dL in developing countries. The prevalence of maternal anemia can be reduced by one-third to one-half over a decade if action is taken to launch focused, large-scale programs that are based on lessons learned from countries with successful programs, such as Thailand and Nicaragua. Conclusions. Iron-folic acid supplementation is an under-resourced, affordable intervention with substantial potential for contributing to Millennium Development Goal 5 (maternal mortality reduction) in countries where iron intakes among pregnant women are low and anemia prevalence is high. This can be achieved in the near term, as policies are already in place in most countries and iron-folic acid supplements are already in lists of essential drugs. What is needed is to systematically adopt lessons about how to strengthen demand and supply systems from successful programs. C1 [Sanghvi, Tina G.] Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Wainwright, Emily] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Sanghvi, TG (reprint author), Acad Educ Dev, 8 Gulshan Ave,Gulshan 1, Dhaka, Bangladesh. EM tsanghvi@aed.org NR 23 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 2 SU S BP S100 EP S107 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 624WQ UT WOS:000279853200002 PM 20715594 ER PT J AU Ruark, AH Shelton, JD Halperin, DT AF Ruark, Allison H. Shelton, James D. Halperin, Daniel T. TI Acyclovir and Transmission of HIV-1 from Persons Infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Ruark, Allison H.] Harvard Ctr Populat & Dev Studies, Cambridge, MA USA. [Shelton, James D.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Halperin, Daniel T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ruark, AH (reprint author), Harvard Ctr Populat & Dev Studies, Cambridge, MA USA. EM ahruark@gmail.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 6 PY 2010 VL 362 IS 18 BP 1741 EP 1741 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 591OQ UT WOS:000277311200021 PM 20449879 ER PT J AU Devi, BCR Tang, ST Corbex, M AF Devi, B. C. R. Tang, S. T. Corbex, M. TI BREAST CANCER BIOMARKERS IN THE THREE ETHNIC GROUPS OF SARAWAK, MALAYSIA SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT IMPAKT Breast Cancer Conference 2010 CY MAY 06-08, 2010 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP European Soc Med Oncol C1 [Devi, B. C. R.; Tang, S. T.] Sarawak Gen Hosp, Dept Radiotherapy, Oncol & Palliat Care Unit, Kuching, Malaysia. [Corbex, M.] USAID, Cairo, Egypt. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 21 SU 4 MA 127P BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 597BN UT WOS:000277730800120 ER PT J AU Nyandiko, WM Otieno-Nyunya, B Musick, B Bucher-Yiannoutsos, S Akhaabi, P Lane, K Yiannoutsos, CT Wools-Kaloustian, K AF Nyandiko, Winstone M. Otieno-Nyunya, Boaz Musick, Beverly Bucher-Yiannoutsos, Sherri Akhaabi, Pamela Lane, Karin Yiannoutsos, Constantin T. Wools-Kaloustian, Kara TI Outcomes of HIV-Exposed Children in Western Kenya: Efficacy of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission in a Resource-Constrained Setting SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE ARV prophylaxis; children; infant feeding; child survival; HIV; Western Kenya; pMTCT ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; SOUTH-AFRICA; FOLLOW-UP; ZIDOVUDINE; PROGRAM; GUIDELINES; EXPERIENCE; NEVIRAPINE AB Objectives: To compare rates of mother to child transmission of HIV and infant survival in women-infant dyads receiving different interventions in a prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (pMTCT) program in western Kenya. Design: Retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data stored in an electronic medical record system. Setting: Eighteen HIV clinics in western Kenya. Population: HIV-exposed infants enrolled between February 2002 and July 2007, at any of the United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare partnership clinics. Main outcome measures: Combined endpoint (CE) of infant HIV status and mortality at 3 and 18 months. Analysis: Descriptive statistics, chi(2) Fisher exact test, and multivariable modeling. Results: Between February 2002 and July 2007, 2477 HIV-exposed children were registered for care by the United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare partnership pMTCT program before 3 months of age. Median age at enrollment was 6.1 weeks; 50.4% infants were male. By 3 months, 31 of 2477 infants (1.3%) were dead and 183 (7.4%) were lost to follow-up. One thousand (40%) underwent HIV DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction virologic test at a median age of 8.3 weeks: 5% were HIV infected, 89% uninfected, and 6% were indeterminate. Of the 968 infants with specific test results or mortality data at 3 months, the CE of HIV infection or death was reached in 84 of 968 (8.7%) infants. The 3-month CE was significantly impacted (A) by maternal prophylaxis [51 of 752 (6.8%) combination antiretroviral therapy (cART); 8 of 69 (11.6%) single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP); and 25 of 147 (17%) no prophylaxis (P < 0.001)] and (B) by feeding method for the 889 of 968 (91.8%) mother-infant pairs for which feeding choice was documented [5 of 29 (17.2%) exclusive breastfeeding; 13 of 110 (11.8%) mixed feeding; and 54 of 750 (7.2%) formula feeding (P = 0.041)]. Of the 1201 infants >= 18 months of age: 41 (3.4%) were deceased and 329 (27.4%) were lost to follow-up. Of 621 of 831 (74.7%) infants tested, 65 (10.5%) were infected resulting in a CE of 103 of 659 (15.6%). CE differed significantly by maternal prophylaxis [52 of 441 (11.8%) for cART; 13 of 96 (13.5%) for sdNVP; and 38 of 122 (31.2%) no therapy group (P < 0.001)] but not by feeding method for the 638 of 659 (96.8%) children with documented feeding choice [7 of 35 (20%) exclusive breastfeeding, 14 of 63 (22.2%) mixed, and 74 of 540 (13.7%) formula (P = 0.131)]. On multivariate analysis, sdNVP (odds ratio: 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.2 to 0.8) and cART (odds ratio: 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.2 to 0.6) were associated with fewer CE. At 18 months, feeding method was not significantly associated with the CE. Conclusions: Though ascertainment bias is likely, results strongly suggest a benefit of antiretroviral prophylaxis in reducing infant death and HIV infection, but do not show a benefit at 18-months from the use of formula. There was a high rate of loss to follow up, and adherence to the HIV infant testing protocol was less than 50% indicating the need to address barriers related to infant HIV testing, and to improve outreach and follow-up services. C1 [Nyandiko, Winstone M.] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth & Pediat, Eldoret, Kenya. [Nyandiko, Winstone M.; Otieno-Nyunya, Boaz; Musick, Beverly; Akhaabi, Pamela; Lane, Karin; Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara] US Agcy Int Dev, Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare Partnershi, Eldoret, Kenya. [Otieno-Nyunya, Boaz] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Reprod Hlth, Eldoret, Kenya. [Musick, Beverly; Bucher-Yiannoutsos, Sherri; Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Nyandiko, WM (reprint author), Moi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth & Pediat, POB 4606, Eldoret, Kenya. EM nyandikom@yahoo.com FU United States Agency for International Development; East Africa International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) NIH [U01 AI069911] FX This research was supported in part by a grant to the USAID-AMPATH Partnership from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the East Africa International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) NIH grant number U01 AI069911. The authors give special thanks to the families and to the health care providers of USAID-AMPATH, including the consultant physicians and pediatricians, medical officers, nurses, clinical officers, nutritionists, pharmacy staff, outreach workers, social workers, and Community-Owned Resource Persons all who work tirelessly to ensure an HIV-free generation of children in western Kenya. We also would like to thank the data management team, including the data entry clerks for their tireless efforts at keeping our data usable. Finally, we would like to thank all the members of the pMTCT Working Group for continuously being ready to change care protocols depending on the available evidence. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 54 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181d8ad51 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 587OG UT WOS:000277001500006 PM 20224420 ER PT J AU Lazarus, R Struthers, H Violari, A AF Lazarus, Ray Struthers, Helen Violari, Avy TI Starting HIV-positive Babies on Antiretroviral Treatment: Perspectives of Mothers in Soweto, South Africa SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE HIV; infants; mothers; antiretroviral treatment ID INFECTED CHILDREN; INFANTS; TRANSMISSION; PROGRESSION; ADHERENCE; KNOWLEDGE; MORTALITY; THERAPY AB Introduction: Timely and effective initiation of antiretroviral treatment for babies infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is critical. Mothers' perspectives on the health care and treatment of their HIV-positive babies could affect how they engage with health care. Method: A convenience sample of HIV-positive mothers was interviewed using qualitative methods. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes significant for participants as well as those relevant to health service provision. Results: These mothers seemed relatively well-informed and positive regarding their baby's care and treatment, but their understanding and practice was influenced by their own experience, observations, and fears, as well as the views of others. Having a baby on antiretroviral treatment improved their own health care motivation, but the daily reminder that it provided of the baby's status and still possible death and the prospect of their own death constituted a heavy emotional burden. Discussion: The study highlights the complexity, ambiguity, and interlocking nature of the mothers' understandings, attitudes, and concerns. This contrasts with the often fairly one-dimensional nature of communication by health care providers and highlights the need to engage more comprehensively with mothers. J Pediatr Health Care. (2010) 24, 176-183. C1 [Struthers, Helen] Univ Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Res Unit, USAID, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Lazarus, R (reprint author), 20 22nd St, ZA-0081 Menlo Pk, South Africa. EM ianray@telkomsa.net FU United States Agency for International Development (USAID) FX This study was made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The findings of this study are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5245 J9 J PEDIATR HEALTH CAR JI J. Pediatr. Health Care PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.pedhc.2009.07.006 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Nursing; Pediatrics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing; Pediatrics GA 797PM UT WOS:000293139800006 PM 20417889 ER PT J AU Etienne, M Powell, C Faux, B AF Etienne, Mill Powell, Clydette Faux, Brian TI Disaster relief in Haiti: a perspective from the neurologists on the USNS COMFORT SO LANCET NEUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Etienne, Mill] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD USA. [Powell, Clydette] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Faux, Brian] San Antonio Mil Med Complex, Dept Pediat, Div Child Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Etienne, M (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD USA. EM mill.etienne@med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1474-4422 J9 LANCET NEUROL JI Lancet Neurol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 9 IS 5 BP 461 EP 463 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 592MY UT WOS:000277384600009 PM 20398854 ER PT J AU Spiegel, JM Dharamsi, S Wasan, KM Yassi, A Singer, B Hotez, PJ Hanson, C Bundy, DAP AF Spiegel, Jerry M. Dharamsi, Shafik Wasan, Kishor M. Yassi, Annalee Singer, Burton Hotez, Peter J. Hanson, Christy Bundy, Donald A. P. TI Which New Approaches to Tackling Neglected Tropical Diseases Show Promise? SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS; GLOBAL HEALTH; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; AFRICA; IMPACT; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; INITIATIVES; ELIMINATION; PROGRAMS; PROGRESS C1 [Spiegel, Jerry M.; Yassi, Annalee] Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Spiegel, Jerry M.; Dharamsi, Shafik] Univ British Columbia, Ctr Int Hlth, Coll Hlth Disciplines, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Spiegel, Jerry M.; Dharamsi, Shafik] Univ British Columbia, Liu Inst Global Issues, Coll Interdisciplinary Studies, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Dharamsi, Shafik] Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Dept Family Practice, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Wasan, Kishor M.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Div Pharmaceut & Biopharmaceut, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Yassi, Annalee] Univ British Columbia, Coll Interdisciplinary Studies, Global Hlth Res Program, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Singer, Burton] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hotez, Peter J.] George Washington Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Trop Med, Washington, DC USA. [Hotez, Peter J.] George Washington Univ, Sabin Vaccine Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Hanson, Christy] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Bundy, Donald A. P.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Spiegel, JM (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM jerry.spiegel@ubc.ca; bhsinger@epi.ufl.edu; PHotez@gwu.edu; Chanson@usaid.gov; Dbundy@worldbank.org RI Dharamsi, Shafik/H-3165-2011; OI Hotez, Peter/0000-0001-8770-1042 NR 58 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 AR e1000255 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000255 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 608CV UT WOS:000278560500005 PM 20502599 ER PT J AU Komatsu, R Korenromp, EL Low-Beer, D Watt, C Dye, C Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL Lyerla, R Garcia-Calleja, JM Cutler, J Schwartlander, B AF Komatsu, Ryuichi Korenromp, Eline L. Low-Beer, Daniel Watt, Catherine Dye, Christopher Steketee, Richard W. Nahlen, Bernard L. Lyerla, Rob Garcia-Calleja, Jesus M. Cutler, John Schwartlaender, Bernhard TI Lives saved by Global Fund-supported HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria programs: estimation approach and results between 2003 and end-2007 SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS; MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INCOME COUNTRIES; CONDOM USE; IMPACT; DEATHS; NUMBER; HIV AB Background: Since 2003, the Global Fund has supported the scale-up of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria control in low-and middle-income countries. This paper presents and discusses a methodology for estimating the lives saved through selected service deliveries reported to the Global Fund. Methods: Global Fund-supported programs reported, by end-2007, 1.4 million HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral treatment (ARV), 3.3 million new smear-positive tuberculosis cases detected in DOTS (directly observed TB treatment, short course) programs, and 46 million insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) delivered. We estimated the corresponding lives saved using adaptations of existing epidemiological estimation models. Results: By end-2007, an estimated 681,000 lives (95% uncertainty range 619,000-774,000) were saved and 1,097,000 (993,000-1,249,000) life-years gained by ARV. DOTS treatment would have saved 1.63 million lives (1.09-2.17 million) when compared against no treatment, or 408,000 lives (265,000-551,000) when compared against non-DOTS treatment. ITN distributions in countries with stable endemic falciparum malaria were estimated to have achieved protection from malaria for 26 million of child-years at risk cumulatively, resulting in 130,000 (27,000-232,000) under-5 deaths prevented. Conclusions: These results illustrate the scale of mortality effects that supported programs may have achieved in recent years, despite margins of uncertainty and covering only selected intervention components. Evidence-based evaluation of disease impact of the programs supported by the Global Fund with international and in-country partners must be strengthened using population-level data on intervention coverage and demographic outcomes, information on quality of services, and trends in disease burdens recorded in national health information systems. C1 [Komatsu, Ryuichi; Korenromp, Eline L.; Low-Beer, Daniel; Cutler, John; Schwartlaender, Bernhard] Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, CH-1214 Geneva, Switzerland. [Watt, Catherine; Dye, Christopher] WHO, Stop TB Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Steketee, Richard W.] MACEPA, Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Ferney Voltaire, France. [Nahlen, Bernard L.] USAID, Presidents Malaria Initiat, Washington, DC USA. [Lyerla, Rob] Policy Evidence & Partnerships Dept, Joint United Nations Program HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. [Garcia-Calleja, Jesus M.] WHO, HIV AIDS Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Cutler, John] Health Metr Network Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. [Schwartlaender, Bernhard] China Country Off, Joint United Nations Program HIV AIDS, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Komatsu, R (reprint author), Global Fund Fight AIDS TB & Malaria, Chemin Blandonnet 8, CH-1214 Geneva, Switzerland. EM ryuichi.komatsu@theglobalfund.org NR 45 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD APR 30 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 109 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-10-109 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 603CR UT WOS:000278186600004 PM 20433714 ER PT J AU Grabowski, JH Clesceri, EJ Baukus, AJ Gaudette, J Weber, M Yund, PO AF Grabowski, Jonathan H. Clesceri, Erika J. Baukus, Adam J. Gaudette, Julien Weber, Matthew Yund, Philip O. TI Use of Herring Bait to Farm Lobsters in the Gulf of Maine SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; NEW-BRUNSWICK; LONG-TERM; COD; ATLANTIC; PSEUDOREPLICATION; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FISHERIES; BEHAVIOR AB Background: Ecologists, fisheries scientists, and coastal managers have all called for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management, yet many species such as the American lobster ( Homarus americanus) are still largely managed individually. One hypothesis that has yet to be tested suggests that human augmentation of lobster diets via the use of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) as bait may contribute to recent increases in lobster landings. Currently 70% of Atlantic herring landings in the Gulf of Maine are used as bait to catch lobsters in traps throughout coastal New England. Methodology/Principal Findings: We examined the effects of this herring bait on the diet composition and growth rate of lobsters at heavily baited vs. seasonally closed (i.e., bait free) sites in coastal Maine. Our results suggest that human use of herring bait may be subsidizing juvenile lobster diets, thereby enhancing lobster growth and the overall economic value and yield of one of the most valuable fisheries in the U. S. Conclusions/Significance: Our study illustrates that shifting to an ecosystem approach to fisheries management should require consideration of cross-fishery interactions. C1 [Grabowski, Jonathan H.; Gaudette, Julien] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. [Clesceri, Erika J.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Baukus, Adam J.] Univ So Maine, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Yund, Philip O.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. RP Grabowski, JH (reprint author), Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. EM jgrabowski@gmri.org OI Yund, Philip/0000-0003-0474-5205 FU The Northeast Consortium; The Davis Foundation; The Lobster Advisory Council, Maine Sea; NSF [OCE-01-22031, OCE-07-09527] FX The Northeast Consortium, The Davis Foundation, The Lobster Advisory Council, Maine Sea Grant Program, and NSF (OCE-01-22031; OCE-07-09527). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 4 AR e10188 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010188 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 583VD UT WOS:000276707100009 PM 20419167 ER PT J AU Blankenship, DE Migunov, D Blanchard, R Harris, K AF Blankenship, D. E. Migunov, Dasha Blanchard, Robert Harris, Kari TI DEVELOPMENT OF THE USAID AVIAN INFLUENZA COMMODITY, INVENTORY, FORECASTING & TRACKING PACKAGE SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Blankenship, D. E.; Harris, Kari] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Blanchard, Robert] US Agcy Int Dev, Avian & Pandem Influenza Preparedness & Response, Washington, DC USA. [Migunov, Dasha] John Snow Inc, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD APR PY 2010 VL 39 SU 1 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 572OF UT WOS:000275841700360 ER PT J AU Shelton, JD AF Shelton, James D. TI A tale of two-component generalised HIV epidemics SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; AFRICA; UGANDA; RISK C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Shelton, JD (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jshelton@usaid.gov NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 20 PY 2010 VL 375 IS 9719 BP 964 EP 966 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 575YU UT WOS:000276110700008 PM 20304227 ER PT J AU O'Donoghue, EJ Whitaker, JB AF O'Donoghue, Erik J. Whitaker, James B. TI Do Direct Payments Distort Producers' Decisions? An Examination of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 SO APPLIED ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE acreage response; direct payments ID PROGRAM PAYMENTS; SUPPLY RESPONSE; UNCERTAINTY; SUBSIDIES; POLICIES; SUPPORT; IMPACT; RISK; CORN AB Do direct payments alter operators' acreage decisions? The authors use an event study with individual-level data in a panel-data setting to examine how an exogenous change in direct payments affects individual farmers' production decisions. They track changes in acreage across time and examine whether an exogenous, government implemented Act that allowed farmers to update base acres altered individual operators' acreage decisions. Results suggest that direct payments do change individual acreage decisions, ranging from approximately 44 to 78 acre increases (9 to 16% changes). Their results have no implications for aggregate production impacts. C1 [Whitaker, James B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM eodonoghue@ers.usda.gov NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 2040-5790 J9 APPL ECON PERSPECT P JI Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy PD SPR PY 2010 VL 32 IS 1 BP 170 EP 193 DI 10.1093/aepp/ppp005 PG 24 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 579BH UT WOS:000276340800010 ER PT J AU Jacobs, TA AF Jacobs, Troy A. TI Rethinking Hard-to-Reach Communities in the Realm of Global Pediatrics The Urban Poor and Community Health Workers SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFRASTRUCTURE; IMMUNIZATION; SLUMS C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC USA. RP Jacobs, TA (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Off Hlth Infect Dis & Nutr, Bur Global Hlth, 1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC USA. EM tjacobs@usaid.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 164 IS 3 BP 294 EP 296 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 562IA UT WOS:000275042300016 PM 20194267 ER PT J AU Stanback, J Spieler, J Shah, I Finger, WR AF Stanback, John Spieler, Jeff Shah, Iqbal Finger, William R. CA Expanding Access Injectable Contra TI Community-based health workers can safely and effectively administer injectable contraceptives: conclusions from a technical consultation SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Stanback, John; Finger, William R.] Family Hlth Int, Durham, NC 27713 USA. [Spieler, Jeff] USAID, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Shah, Iqbal] World Hlth Org, Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Stanback, J (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, Durham, NC 27713 USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 3 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.10.006 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 566TX UT WOS:000275397200002 PM 20159172 ER PT J AU Steiner, MJ Lopez, LM Grimes, DA Cheng, LN Shelton, J Trussell, J Farley, TMM Dorflinger, L AF Steiner, Markus J. Lopez, Laureen M. Grimes, David A. Cheng, Linan Shelton, Jim Trussell, James Farley, Timothy M. M. Dorflinger, Laneta TI Sino-implant (II) - a levonorgestrel-releasing two-rod implant: systematic review of the randomized controlled trials SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE Levonorgestrel-releasing implant; Norplant; Sino-implant (II); Jadelle; Systematic review AB Background: Sino-implant (II) is a subdermal contraceptive implant manufactured in China. This two-rod levonorgestrel-releasing implant has the same amount of active ingredient (150 mg levonorgestrel) and mechanism of action as the widely available contraceptive implant Jadelle. We examined randomized controlled trials of Sino-implant (II) for effectiveness and side effects. Study Design: We searched electronic databases for studies of Sino-implant (II) and then restricted our review to randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome of this review was pregnancy. Results: Four randomized trials with a total of 15,943 women assigned to Sino-implant (II) had first-year probabilities of pregnancy ranging from 0.0% to 0.1%. Cumulative probabilities of pregnancy during the 4 years of the product's approved duration of use were 0.9% and 1.06% in the two trials that presented date for 4-year use. Five-year cumulative probabilities of pregnancy ranged from 0.7% to 2.1%. In one trial, the cumulative probability of pregnancy more than doubled during the fifth year (from 0.9% to 2.1%), which may be why the implant is approved for 4 years of use in China. Five-year cumulative probabilities of discontinuation due to menstrual problems ranged from 12.5% to 15.5% for Sino-implant (II). Conclusions: Sino-implant (II) is one of the most effective contraceptives available today. These available clinical data, combined with independent laboratory testing, and the knowledge that 7 million women have used this method since 1994, support the safety and effectiveness of Sino-implant (II). The lower cost of Sino-implant (II) compared with other subdermal implants could improve access to implants in resource-constrained settings. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Steiner, Markus J.; Lopez, Laureen M.; Grimes, David A.; Dorflinger, Laneta] Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cheng, Linan] SIPPR, Ctr Clin Res & Training, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. [Shelton, Jim] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Global Hlth, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Trussell, James] Princeton Univ, Off Populat Res, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Farley, Timothy M. M.] World Hlth Org, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-12211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. [Trussell, James] Univ Hull, Hull York Med Sch, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. RP Steiner, MJ (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, POB 13950, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM msteiner@fhi.org FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX Support for this research was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of FHI, the World Health Organization or the funding agency. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD MAR PY 2010 VL 81 IS 3 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.10.013 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 566TX UT WOS:000275397200004 PM 20159174 ER PT J AU Beach, L McMurdy, J AF Beach, Larry McMurdy, John TI Developing Country Biotech Crop Improvement Limitations from Event-based Deregulation SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beach, Larry; McMurdy, John] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2010 VL 46 SU S BP S9 EP S10 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 695JX UT WOS:000285367500020 ER PT J AU Noormohammad, SF Mamlin, BW Biondich, PG McKown, B Kimaiyo, SN Were, MC AF Noormohammad, Sheraz F. Mamlin, Burke W. Biondich, Paul G. McKown, Brian Kimaiyo, Sylvester N. Were, Martin C. TI Changing course to make clinical decision support work in an HIV clinic in Kenya SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Electronic medical record; Clinical decision support; Developing countries; Technology adoption ID IMPROVEMENT; RECORD AB Purpose: We implemented computer-based reminders for CD4 count tests at an HIV clinic in Western Kenya though an open-source Electronic Medical Record System. Within a month, providers had stopped complying with the reminders. Methods: We used a multi-method qualitative approach to determine reasons for failure to adhere to the reminders, and took multiple corrective actions to remedy the situation. Results: Major reasons for failure of the reminder system included: not considering delayed data entry and pending test results; relying on wrong data inadvertently entered into the system; inadequate training of providers who would sometimes disagree with the reminder suggestions; and resource issues making generation of reminders unreliable. With appropriate corrective actions, the reminder system has now been functional for over eight months. Conclusion: Implementing clinical decision support in resource-limited settings is challenging. Understanding and correcting root causes of problems related to reminders will facilitate successful implementation of the decision support systems in these settings. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Noormohammad, Sheraz F.; Mamlin, Burke W.; Biondich, Paul G.; McKown, Brian; Were, Martin C.] Regenstrief Inst Inc, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Noormohammad, Sheraz F.] IUPUI, Sch Informat, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Mamlin, Burke W.; Biondich, Paul G.; Were, Martin C.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Kimaiyo, Sylvester N.] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Kimaiyo, Sylvester N.] USAID, Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare, Eldoret, Kenya. RP Were, MC (reprint author), 410 W 10th St,Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM mwere@regenstrief.org FU Abbott Fund FX This work was performed at the Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN. The authors would like to thank Ben Wolfe for his advice, and providers in Module 2 and AMPATH staff for their feedback. This work was supported by the Abbott Fund. The funding organizations had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in writing the manuscript, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1386-5056 J9 INT J MED INFORM JI Int. J. Med. Inform. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 79 IS 3 BP 204 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2010.01.002 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 556DN UT WOS:000274569000005 PM 20089444 ER PT J AU Curtis, C Huber, D Moss-Knight, T AF Curtis, Carolyn Huber, Douglas Moss-Knight, Tamarah TI Postabortion Family Planning: Addressing the Cycle Of Repeat Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion SO INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Curtis, Carolyn] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Huber, Douglas] Innovat Dev Expertise & Advisory Serv Inc IDEAS, Newton, MA USA. [Moss-Knight, Tamarah] Howard Univ, Sch Social Work, Washington, DC USA. [Moss-Knight, Tamarah] USAID, Global Hlth Fellows Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Curtis, C (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 125 MAIDEN LANE, 7TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10038 USA SN 1944-0391 J9 INT PERSPECT SEX R H JI Int. Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD MAR PY 2010 VL 36 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 PG 5 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 587HU UT WOS:000276982100005 PM 20403805 ER PT J AU Florida, R Jackson, S AF Florida, Richard Jackson, Scott TI Sonic City: The Evolving Economic Geography of the Music Industry SO JOURNAL OF PLANNING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE music; economic geography; scenes; clusters; Nashville ID CULTURAL ECONOMY; POPULAR-MUSIC; ORGANIZATION; PLACE AB Our research tracks the location of musicians and music establishments in U.S. regions from 1970 to 2004. We find that the music industry has become significantly more concentrated over time. New York and Los Angeles remain dominant locations, with Nashville emerging as a third major center. This reflects the economic and artistic advantages of large markets. We also find evidence of the persistence of musicians and music scenes in some smaller locations throughout the United States. This reflects demand for music in some small locations with more affluent, higher-human capital populations, location-specific assets, and technological changes that have lowered the costs for producing, distributing, and consuming music across locations. C1 [Florida, Richard] Univ Toronto, Martin Prosper Inst, Joseph L Rotman Sch Management, MaRS Ctr, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. [Jackson, Scott] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Florida, R (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Martin Prosper Inst, Joseph L Rotman Sch Management, MaRS Ctr, Heritage Bldg,101 Coll St,Suite 420, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. EM florida@rotman.utoronto.ca RI French, Shaun/B-1155-2010 NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0739-456X J9 J PLAN EDUC RES JI J. Plan. Educ. Res. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 310 EP 321 DI 10.1177/0739456X09354453 PG 12 WC Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 562WL UT WOS:000275086000005 ER PT J AU Jima, D Getachew, A Bilak, H Steketee, RW Emerson, PM Graves, PM Gebre, T Reithinger, R Hwang, J AF Jima, Daddi Getachew, Asefaw Bilak, Hana Steketee, Richard W. Emerson, Paul M. Graves, Patricia M. Gebre, Teshome Reithinger, Richard Hwang, Jimee CA Ethiopia Malaria Indicator Survey TI Malaria indicator survey 2007, Ethiopia: coverage and use of major malaria prevention and control interventions SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; HOUSEHOLD; OROMIA; AMHARA; CHILDREN; REGIONS; NETS AB Background: In 2005, a nationwide survey estimated that 6.5% of households in Ethiopia owned an insecticide-treated net (ITN), 17% of households had been sprayed with insecticide, and 4% of children under five years of age with a fever were taking an anti-malarial drug. Similar to other sub-Saharan African countries scaling-up malaria interventions, the Government of Ethiopia set an ambitious national goal in 2005 to (i) provide 100% ITN coverage in malarious areas, with a mean of two ITNs per household; (ii) to scale-up indoor residual spraying of households with insecticide (IRS) to cover 30% of households targeted for IRS; and (iii) scale-up the provision of case management with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), particularly at the peripheral level. Methods: A nationally representative malaria indicator survey (MIS) was conducted in Ethiopia between September and December 2007 to determine parasite and anaemia prevalence in the population at risk and to assess coverage, use and access to scaled-up malaria prevention and control interventions. The survey used a two-stage random cluster sample of 7,621 households in 319 census enumeration areas. A total of 32,380 people participated in the survey. Data was collected using standardized Roll Back Malaria Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group MIS household and women's questionnaires, which were adapted to the local context. Results: Data presented is for households in malarious areas, which according to the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health are defined as being located <2,000 m altitude. Of 5,083 surveyed households, 3,282 (65.6%) owned at least one ITN. In ITN-owning households, 53.2% of all persons had slept under an ITN the prior night, including 1,564/2,496 (60.1%) children <5 years of age, 1,891/3,009 (60.9%) of women 15 - 49 years of age, and 166/266 (65.7%) of pregnant women. Overall, 906 (20.0%) households reported to have had IRS in the past 12 months. Of 747 children with reported fever in the two weeks preceding the survey, 131 (16.3%) sought medical attention within 24 hours. Of those with fever, 86 (11.9%) took an anti-malarial drug and 41 (4.7%) took it within 24 hours of fever onset. Among 7,167 surveyed individuals of all ages, parasitaemia as estimated by microscopy was 1.0% (95% CI 0.5 - 1.5), with 0.7% and 0.3% due to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, respectively. Moderate-severe anaemia (haemoglobin <8 g/dl) was observed in 239/3,366 (6.6%, 95% CI 4.9-8.3) children <5 years of age. Conclusions: Since mid-2005, the Ethiopian National Malaria Control Programme has considerably scaled-up its malaria prevention and control interventions, demonstrating the impact of strong political will and a committed partnership. The MIS showed, however, that besides sustaining and expanding malaria intervention coverage, efforts will have to be made to increase intervention access and use. With ongoing efforts to sustain and expand malaria intervention coverage, to increase intervention access and use, and with strong involvement of the community, Ethiopia expects to achieve its targets in terms of coverage and uptake of interventions in the coming years and move towards eliminating malaria. C1 [Reithinger, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Jima, Daddi] Fed Minist Hlth, Dis Prevent & Control Dept, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Getachew, Asefaw] PATH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Bilak, Hana; Steketee, Richard W.] PATH, Ferney Voltaire, France. [Emerson, Paul M.; Graves, Patricia M.] Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Gebre, Teshome] Carter Ctr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Hwang, Jimee] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hwang, Jimee] UCSF Global Hlth Sci, Global Hlth Grp, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Reithinger, R (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM rreithinger@yahoo.co.uk RI Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 FU World Health Organization; United Nations International Children Emergency Fund; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Central Statistical Agency; Center for National Health Development in Ethiopia; Malaria Consortium; President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief [663-A-00-07-00418] FX The Malaria Indicator Survey was the result of joint efforts by multiple partners, including the Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia, The Carter Center, Malaria Control and Evaluation Partnership for Africa ( a programme at PATH), World Health Organization, United Nations International Children Emergency Fund, U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Central Statistical Agency, Center for National Health Development in Ethiopia, and Malaria Consortium. We thank Carlos C. ( Kent) Campbell for his comments on the manuscript and thank Behar Hussein, International Rescue Committee, for Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, which were generated under the U.S. Agency for International Development/Ethiopia's Geospatial Analysis for Public Health Programmes Cooperative Agreement (663-A-00-07-00418) funded by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. NR 32 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD FEB 24 PY 2010 VL 9 AR 58 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-9-58 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 571EE UT WOS:000275733500001 PM 20178654 ER PT J AU Fedoroff, NV Battisti, DS Beachy, RN Cooper, PJM Fischhoff, DA Hodges, CN Knauf, VC Lobell, D Mazur, BJ Molden, D Reynolds, MP Ronald, PC Rosegrant, MW Sanchez, PA Vonshak, A Zhu, JK AF Fedoroff, N. V. Battisti, D. S. Beachy, R. N. Cooper, P. J. M. Fischhoff, D. A. Hodges, C. N. Knauf, V. C. Lobell, D. Mazur, B. J. Molden, D. Reynolds, M. P. Ronald, P. C. Rosegrant, M. W. Sanchez, P. A. Vonshak, A. Zhu, J. -K. TI Radically Rethinking Agriculture for the 21st Century SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Population growth, arable land and fresh water limits, and climate change have profound implications for the ability of agriculture to meet this century's demands for food, feed, fiber, and fuel while reducing the environmental impact of their production. Success depends on the acceptance and use of contemporary molecular techniques, as well as the increasing development of farming systems that use saline water and integrate nutrient flows. C1 [Fedoroff, N. V.] US Dept State, Off Sci & Technol, USAID, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Battisti, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beachy, R. N.] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Cooper, P. J. M.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Nairobi, Kenya. [Fischhoff, D. A.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Hodges, C. N.] Seawater Fdn, Tucson, AZ 85711 USA. [Knauf, V. C.] Arcadia Biosci, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Lobell, D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lobell, D.] Stanford Univ, Program Food Secur & Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mazur, B. J.] DuPont Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. [Molden, D.] Int Water Management Inst, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Reynolds, M. P.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Texcoco 56130, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. [Ronald, P. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rosegrant, M. W.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Sanchez, P. A.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Vonshak, A.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. [Zhu, J. -K.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Zhu, J. -K.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Plant Stress Genom & Technol, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. RP Fedoroff, NV (reprint author), US Dept State, Off Sci & Technol, USAID, Washington, DC 20520 USA. EM fedoroff@state.gov RI Battisti, David /A-3340-2013; Zhu, Jian-Kang/F-7658-2011; OI Battisti, David /0000-0003-4871-1293; Zhu, Jian-Kang/0000-0001-5134-731X; Reynolds, Matthew Paul/0000-0002-4291-4316 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM059138-15, R01 GM070795, R01 GM070795-09, R01 GM059138] NR 18 TC 168 Z9 177 U1 17 U2 169 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 12 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5967 BP 833 EP 834 DI 10.1126/science.1186834 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 554AQ UT WOS:000274408300051 PM 20150494 ER PT J AU Thera, MA Doumbo, OK Coulibaly, D Laurens, MB Kone, AK Guindo, AB Traore, K Sissoko, M Diallo, DA Diarra, I Kouriba, B Daou, M Dolo, A Baby, M Sissoko, MS Sagara, I Niangaly, A Traore, I Olotu, A Godeaux, O Leach, A Dubois, MC Ballou, WR Cohen, J Thompson, D Dube, T Soisson, L Diggs, CL Takala, SL Lyke, KE House, B Lanar, DE Dutta, S Heppner, DG Plowe, CV AF Thera, Mahamadou A. Doumbo, Ogobara K. Coulibaly, Drissa Laurens, Matthew B. Kone, Abdoulaye K. Guindo, Ando B. Traore, Karim Sissoko, Mady Diallo, Dapa A. Diarra, Issa Kouriba, Bourema Daou, Modibo Dolo, Amagana Baby, Mounirou Sissoko, Mahamadou S. Sagara, Issaka Niangaly, Amadou Traore, Idrissa Olotu, Ally Godeaux, Olivier Leach, Amanda Dubois, Marie-Claude Ballou, W. Ripley Cohen, Joe Thompson, Darby Dube, Tina Soisson, Lorraine Diggs, Carter L. Takala, Shannon L. Lyke, Kirsten E. House, Brent Lanar, David E. Dutta, Sheetij Heppner, D. Gray Plowe, Christopher V. TI Safety and Immunogenicity of an AMA1 Malaria Vaccine in Malian Children: Results of a Phase 1 Randomized Controlled Trial SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID APICAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; INSTITUTE-OF-RESEARCH; BLOOD-STAGE VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ANTIBODIES; CANDIDATE; INHIBIT; ADULTS; INVASION AB Background: The objective was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the AMA1-based malaria vaccine FMP2.1/AS02(A) in children exposed to seasonal falciparum malaria. Methodology/Principal Findings: A Phase 1 double blind randomized controlled dose escalation trial was conducted in Bandiagara, Mali, West Africa, a rural town with intense seasonal transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The malaria vaccine FMP2.1/AS02(A) is a recombinant protein (FMP2.1) based on apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) from the 3D7 clone of P. falciparum, formulated in the Adjuvant System AS02(A). The comparator vaccine was a cell-culture rabies virus vaccine (RabAvert (R)). One hundred healthy Malian children aged 1-6 years were recruited into 3 cohorts and randomized to receive either 10 mu g FMP2.1 in 0.1 mL AS02(A), or 25 mu g FMP2.1 in 0.25 mL AS02(A), or 50 mu g FMP2.1 50 mg in 0.5 mL AS02(A), or rabies vaccine. Three doses of vaccine were given at 0, 1 and 2 months, and children were followed for 1 year. Solicited symptoms were assessed for 7 days and unsolicited symptoms for 30 days after each vaccination. Serious adverse events were assessed throughout the study. Transient local pain and swelling were common and more frequent in all malaria vaccine dosage groups than in the comparator group, but were acceptable to parents of participants. Levels of anti-AMA1 antibodies measured by ELISA increased significantly (at least 100-fold compared to baseline) in all 3 malaria vaccine groups, and remained high during the year of follow up. Conclusion/Significance: The FMP2.1/AS02(A) vaccine had a good safety profile, was well-tolerated, and induced high and sustained antibody levels in malaria-exposed children. This malaria vaccine is being evaluated in a Phase 2 efficacy trial in children at this site. C1 [Thera, Mahamadou A.; Doumbo, Ogobara K.; Coulibaly, Drissa; Kone, Abdoulaye K.; Guindo, Ando B.; Traore, Karim; Sissoko, Mady; Diallo, Dapa A.; Diarra, Issa; Kouriba, Bourema; Daou, Modibo; Dolo, Amagana; Baby, Mounirou; Sissoko, Mahamadou S.; Sagara, Issaka; Niangaly, Amadou; Traore, Idrissa] Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. [Laurens, Matthew B.; Takala, Shannon L.; Lyke, Kirsten E.; Plowe, Christopher V.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Olotu, Ally; Godeaux, Olivier; Leach, Amanda; Dubois, Marie-Claude; Ballou, W. Ripley; Cohen, Joe] GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Rixensart, Belgium. [Thompson, Darby; Dube, Tina] EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Soisson, Lorraine; Diggs, Carter L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [House, Brent; Lanar, David E.; Dutta, Sheetij; Heppner, D. Gray] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Malaria Vaccine Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Thera, MA (reprint author), Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. EM cplowe@medicine.umaryland.edu RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011; Laurens, Matthew/E-7293-2013 OI Laurens, Matthew/0000-0003-3874-581X FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [N01AI85346, U19AI065683]; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health [D43TW001589]; United States Department of Defense [W81XWH-06-1-0427]; United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Doris Duke Charitable Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX Site development and the conduct of the trial were supported by contract N01AI85346 and cooperative agreement U19AI065683 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), grant D43TW001589 from the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, and contract W81XWH-06-1-0427 from the United States Department of Defense and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Data management was provided by the EMMES Corporation through a contract with NIAID. Vaccine production and laboratory assays were supported by USAID, Washington, D. C. and by the Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, Fort Detrick, Maryland. Program staff from NIAID (the primary funder) contributed to study design discussions but played no role in the data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Coauthors LS and CD from USAID (a secondary funder) contributed to both protocol design and manuscript preparation. CVP is supported by a Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation and by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 4 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 AR e9041 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009041 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 554ZB UT WOS:000274474400003 PM 20140214 ER PT J AU Mah, TL Halperin, DT AF Mah, Timothy L. Halperin, Daniel T. TI The Evidence for the Role of Concurrent Partnerships in Africa's HIV Epidemics: A Response to Lurie and Rosenthal SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; MULTIPLE; PATTERNS; SYPHILIS; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH C1 [Mah, Timothy L.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Halperin, Daniel T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Mah, TL (reprint author), 1300 Penn Ave NW,RRB 5-07-18, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM timothy.mah@post.harvard.edu NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 14 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s10461-009-9617-z PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 550DD UT WOS:000274107600004 ER PT J AU Braitstein, P Ayuo, P Mwangi, A Wools-Kaloustian, K Musick, B Siika, A Kimaiyo, S AF Braitstein, Paula Ayuo, Paul Mwangi, Ann Wools-Kaloustian, Kara Musick, Beverly Siika, Abraham Kimaiyo, Sylvester TI Sustainability of First-Line Antiretroviral Regimens: Findings From a Large HIV Treatment Program in Western Kenya SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral; Africa; treatment durability; adverse effects; treatment failure ID THERAPY; TOLERABILITY; EXPERIENCE; AFRICA; ANEMIA; INDIA AB Objective: To describe first change or disconfirmation in combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) among previously treatment naive, HIV-infected adults in a resource-constrained setting. Methods: The United States Agency for International Development-Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare Partnership has enrolled >90,000 HIV-infected patients at 18 clinics throughout western Kenya. Patients in this analysis were aged >= 18 years, previously antiretroviral treatment naive, and initiated to cART between January 2006 and November 2007, with at least 1 follow-up visit. A treatment change or discontinuation was defined as change of regimen including single drug substitutions or a complete halting of cART. Results: There were 14,162 patients eligible for analysis and 10,3 13 person-years of follow-up, of whom 1376 changed or stopped their cART. Among these, 859 (62%) changed their regimen (including 514 patients who had a single drug substitution) and 517 (38%) completely discontinued cART. The overall incidence rate (IR) of cART changes or stops per 100 person-years was 13.3 [95% confidence interval (0): 12.7-14.1]. The incidence was much higher in the first year of post-cART initiation (IR: 25.0, 95% CI: 23.6-26.3) compared with the second year (IR: 2.4, 95% CI: 2.0-2.8). The most commonly cited reason was toxicity (46%). In multivariate regression, individuals were more likely to discontinue cART if they were World Health Organization stage III/IV [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 1.37, 95% CI: 1.11-1.69] or were receiving a zidovudine-containing regimen (AHR: 4.44, 95% CI: 3.35-5.88). Individuals were more likely to change their regimen if they were aged >= 38 years (AHR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.23-1.69), had to travel more than I hour to clinic (AHR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.15-1.57), had a CD4 at cART initiation <= 111 cells/mm(3) (AHR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.29-1.77), or had been receiving a zidovudine-containing regimen (AHR: 3.73, 95% CI: 2.81-4.95). Those attending urban clinics and those receiving stavudine-containing regimens were less likely to experience either a discontinuation or a change of their cART. Conclusions: These data suggest a moderate incidence of cART changes and discontinuations among this large population of adults in western Kenya. Mostly occurring within 12 months of cART initiation, and primarily due to toxicity, older individuals, those with more advanced disease, and those using zidovudine are at higher risk of experiencing a change or a discontinuation in their cART. C1 [Braitstein, Paula; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Musick, Beverly; Siika, Abraham] Indiana Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Braitstein, Paula; Ayuo, Paul; Mwangi, Ann; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Siika, Abraham; Kimaiyo, Sylvester] Moi Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula; Ayuo, Paul; Mwangi, Ann; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Musick, Beverly; Siika, Abraham; Kimaiyo, Sylvester] USAID, Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPATH Par, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula; Mwangi, Ann] Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Mwangi, Ann] Brown Univ, Dept Biostat, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Braitstein, P (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, 1001 W 10th St,OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM pbraitstein@yahoo.com FU United States Agency FX Supported in part by a grant from the United States Agency for International Development as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 254 EP 259 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 549EQ UT WOS:000274029000015 PM 19745752 ER PT J AU Tongren, JE Sites, A Zwicker, K Pelletier, A AF Tongren, Jon Eric Sites, Anne Zwicker, Katharyn Pelletier, Andrew TI Injury-Prevention Practices as Depicted in G- and PG-Rated Movies, 2003-2007 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE movie; children; injury ID CONSEQUENCES; PROGRAMS AB OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine if the depiction of injury-prevention practices in children's movies is different from what was reported from 2 earlier studies, which showed infrequent depiction of characters practicing recommended safety behaviors. METHODS: The top-grossing 25 domestic G-rated (general audience) and PG-rated (parental guidance suggested) movies per year for 2003-2007 were included in this study. Movies or scenes were excluded if they were animated, not set in the present day, fantasy, documentary, or not in English. Injury-prevention practices involving motor vehicles, pedestrians, boaters, and bicyclists were recorded for characters with speaking roles. RESULTS: Sixty-seven (54%) of 125 movies met the inclusion criteria for this study. A total of 958 person-scenes were examined: 524 (55%) depicted children and 434 (45%) adults. Twenty-two person-scenes involved crashes or falls, resulting in 3 injuries and no deaths. Overall, 311 (56%) of 555 motor-vehicle passengers were belted; 73 (35%) of 211 pedestrians used crosswalks; 60 (75%) of 80 boaters wore personal flotation devices; and 8 (25%) of 32 bicyclists wore helmets. In comparison with previous studies, usage of safety belts, crosswalks, personal flotation devices, and bicycle helmets increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The entertainment industry has improved the depiction of selected safety practices in G- and PG-rated movies. However, approximately one half of scenes still depict unsafe practices, and the consequences of these behaviors are rarely shown. The industry should continue to improve how it depicts safety practices in children's movies. Parents should highlight the depiction of unsafe behaviors and educate children in following safe practices. Pediatrics 2010; 125: 290-294 C1 [Tongren, Jon Eric] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Pelletier, Andrew] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Terrorism Preparedness & Emergen, Atlanta, GA USA. [Tongren, Jon Eric; Sites, Anne; Zwicker, Katharyn; Pelletier, Andrew] Maine Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Augusta, ME USA. RP Tongren, JE (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, PMI, GH HIDN 3-7-105,1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM jjt9@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1542/peds.2009-1282 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 573VH UT WOS:000275942900013 PM 20064866 ER PT J AU Mah, TL AF Mah, Timothy L. TI Prevalence and Correlates of Concurrent Sexual Partnerships Among Young People in South Africa SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article DE concurrency; HIV prevention; concurrent sexual partnerships; multiple partners ID HIV PREVALENCE; RISK; BEHAVIOR; SPREAD; AGE AB Concurrent sexual partnerships are an important behavioral driver of HIV epidemics. This analysis examines the prevalence and correlates of concurrency among young adults in the Cape Metropolitan Area, South Africa. 13% reported concurrency during their last sexual partnership with variability by sex and race. Concurrency was associated wiht race, knowledge of a partner's infidelity, and other risky sexual behaviors. C1 US Agcy Int Dev, Div Tech Leadership & Res, Off HIV AIDS, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Mah, TL (reprint author), US Agcy Int Dev, Div Tech Leadership & Res, Off HIV AIDS, 1300 Penn Ave,NW RRB 5-07-18, Washington, DC 20523 USA. EM tmah@usaid.gov FU AIDS Prevention Research; U.S. National Institutes of Health; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation FX Supported by the AIDS Prevention Research Project at the Harvard School of Public Health. Funding for the survey was provided by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 37 IS 2 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181bcdf75 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 549RG UT WOS:000274070900008 PM 19823109 ER PT J AU Keiser, O Tweya, H Braitstein, P Dabis, F MacPhail, P Boulle, A Nash, D Wood, R Luthi, R Brinkhof, MWG Schechter, M Egger, M AF Keiser, Olivia Tweya, Hannock Braitstein, Paula Dabis, Francois MacPhail, Patrick Boulle, Andrew Nash, Denis Wood, Robin Luethi, Ruedi Brinkhof, Martin W. G. Schechter, Mauro Egger, Matthias CA IeDEA Study Grp TI Mortality after failure of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; treatment failure; second-line therapy; mortality; Africa ID RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; LOWER-INCOME COUNTRIES; PROGRAMS; COHORT AB OBJECTIVE To assess the outcome of patients who experienced treatment failure with antiretrovirals in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Analysis of 11 antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used to define treatment failure. All ART-naive patients aged >= 16 who started with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen and had at least 6 months of follow-up were eligible. For each patient who switched to a second-line regimen, 10 matched patients who remained on a non-failing first-line regimen were selected. Time was measured from the time of switching, from the corresponding time in matched patients, or from the time of treatment failure in patients who remained on a failing regimen. Mortality was analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves and random-effects Cox models. RESULTS Of 16 591 adult patients starting ART, 382 patients (2.3%) switched to a second-line regimen. Another 323 patients (1.9%) did not switch despite developing immunological or virological failure. Cumulative mortality at 1 year was 4.2% (95% CI 2.2-7.8%) in patients who switched to a second-line regimen and 11.7% (7.3%-18.5%) in patients who remained on a failing first-line regimen, compared to 2.2% (1.6-3.0%) in patients on a non-failing first-line regimen (P < 0.0001). Differences in mortality were not explained by nadir CD4 cell count, age or differential loss to follow up. CONCLUSIONS Many patients who meet criteria for treatment failure do not switch to a second-line regimen and die. There is an urgent need to clarify the reasons why in sub-Saharan Africa many patients remain on failing first-line ART. C1 [Keiser, Olivia; Brinkhof, Martin W. G.] Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Tweya, Hannock] Lighthouse Trust Clin, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Braitstein, Paula] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Braitstein, Paula] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula] USAID AMPATH Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya. [Braitstein, Paula] Indiana Univ, Regenstrief Inst, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. [Boulle, Andrew] Univ Victor Segalen, INSERM, U593, ISPED, Bordeaux, France. [MacPhail, Patrick] Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Med, Clin HIV Res Unit, Fac Hlth Sci, ZA-2001 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Boulle, Andrew] Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Nash, Denis] Columbia Univ, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. [Wood, Robin] Univ Cape Town, Desmond Tutu HIV Ctr, Inst Infect Dis & Mol Med, Fac Hlth Sci, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Luethi, Ruedi] Newlands Clin, Harare, Zimbabwe. [Schechter, Mauro] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Hosp Univ Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [IeDEA Study Grp] Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Keiser, O (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM okeiser@ispm.unibe.ch RI Wood, Robin/G-8509-2011; OI Keiser, Olivia/0000-0001-8191-2789; Brinkhof, Martin/0000-0002-9319-665X FU US National Institutes of Health (Office of AIDS Research and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases); French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les hepatites virales (ANRS); Swiss National Science Foundation [32473B-122116] FX The ART-LINC collaboration of the International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) is funded by the US National Institutes of Health (Office of AIDS Research and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) and the French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les hepatites virales (ANRS). The present analysis was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 32473B-122116). We are grateful to Alexandra Calmy, Suely Tuboi, Eduardo Sprinz, N. Kumarasamy, Andreas Jahn and Mina Hosseinipour for helpful comments and to Mhairi Maskew and Gilles van Cutsem for their assistance with data management. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD FEB PY 2010 VL 15 IS 2 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02445.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 543SS UT WOS:000273599400014 PM 20003034 ER PT B AU Lei, Z Papatheodorou, A Szivas, E AF Lei, Zheng Papatheodorou, Andreas Szivas, Edith BE Forsyth, P Gillen, D Muller, J Niemeier, HM TI The Effect of Low-Cost Carriers on Regional Airports' Revenue: Evidence from the UK SO AIRPORT COMPETITION: THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IMPACT C1 [Lei, Zheng] Cranfield Univ, Dept Air Transport, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. [Lei, Zheng] Anglia Ruskin Univ, Cambridge, England. [Papatheodorou, Andreas] Univ Aegean, Aegean, Greece. [Papatheodorou, Andreas] Univ Nottingham, Sch Business, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Szivas, Edith] Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. [Szivas, Edith] United Nations World Tourism Org, Madrid, Spain. [Szivas, Edith] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Lei, Z (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Dept Air Transport, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9484-7; 978-0-7546-7746-8 PY 2010 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Economics; Transportation SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA BA3JV UT WOS:000334311600018 ER PT J AU Heydemann, S Kinsey, R AF Heydemann, Steven Kinsey, Rebecca BE Anheier, HK Hammack, DC TI The State and International Philanthropy: The Contribution of American Foundations, 1919-1991 SO AMERICAN FOUNDATIONS: ROLES AND CONTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Heydemann, Steven] Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Kinsey, Rebecca] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-81570-457-7 PY 2010 BP 205 EP 236 PG 32 WC Public Administration; Social Issues SC Public Administration; Social Issues GA BZL22 UT WOS:000301915600010 ER PT J AU Maxted, N Kell, S Ford-Lloyd, B Stolton, S Lise, Y Rickards-Guevara, JA AF Maxted, Nigel Kell, Shelagh Ford-Lloyd, Brian Stolton, Sue Lise, Yildiray Alejandro Rickards-Guevara, Jorge BE Stolton, S Dudley, N TI Food Stores: Protected Areas Conserving Crop Wild Relatives and Securing Future Food Stocks SO ARGUMENTS FOR PROTECTED AREAS: MULTIPLE BENEFITS FOR CONSERVATION AND USE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONSERVATION; TAXA AB Since the time of the earliest botanical exploration, botanists have been drawn to the Akar fault valley in northwestern Syria. A beautiful horseshoe-shaped valley capping the northernmost end of Mount Lebanon, it is not only home to one of the most complete crusader castles left today, but is also a refugium for botanic diversity. I first visited the valley as a research student in 1986 in an attempt to rediscover the faba bean relative Vicia hyaeniscyamus, thought by some to be synonymous with a related species from Palestine. Arriving at the site, the species was immediately located and the valley has been special for me ever since. In fact, the valley justifiably should be special to all humankind because recent analysis has shown that it contains the highest concentration of priority temperate crop wild relatives (CWR) anywhere in the world (Maxted and Kell, 2009a). However, worryingly, the area is being rapidly urbanized; therefore, protection of this unique site and its resources should be a global priority. C1 [Maxted, Nigel; Ford-Lloyd, Brian] Univ Birmingham, Univ Grad Sch, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Alejandro Rickards-Guevara, Jorge] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Kell, Shelagh] Univ London, Ctr Environm Dev & Policy, Sch African & Oriental Studies, London WC1E 7HU, England. RP Maxted, N (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Univ Grad Sch, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-136-54293-0 PY 2010 BP 53 EP 78 PG 26 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAP45 UT WOS:000305023300005 ER PT B AU Verma, R Russell, D German, L AF Verma, Ritu Russell, Diane German, Laura BE German, L Ramisch, JJ Verma, R TI Anthro-Apology? Negotiating Space for Interdisciplinary Collaboration and In-Depth Anthropology in the CGIAR SO BEYOND THE BIOPHYSICAL: KNOWLEDGE, CULTURE, AND POWER IN AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Agricultural research; Anthropology; CGIAR; Interdisciplinarity; Sociocultural science; Development; Anthropology of Science ID POLITICAL ECOLOGY; GENDER; FOREST AB Equitable interdisciplinary teamwork is easier said than done. For, it is not simply a matter of adding a "pinch" of social science into a larger interdisciplinary team, and stirring. Putting interdisciplinarity into action requires a more distilled and nuanced approach involving negotiation, bargaining and, sometimes, contestation and resistance between and among different domains of disciplinary actors, knowledge, meanings and understanding. The overarching goal for anthropologists and sociocultural scientists is to integrate theories, methodologies, and practices of the study of culture, politics, and social relations into agricultural and natural resource management research, as well as to integrate themselves into larger interdisciplinary teams on an equal footing. As McDonald argues in his call for a discussion on keeping the culture in agriculture, "by putting culture squarely at the center of any analysis of agriculture, we seek to "put people first" by exploring the complex ways that people conceptualize, give meaning to, and organize around agriculture" (McDonald 2005, P. 71). However, putting culture into the analysis of agriculture in research systems long dominated by biophysical scientists and approaches, such as within research centers of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), is challenging. This chapter describes the various dilemmas, challenges, and opportunities encountered by sociocultural scientists in interdisciplinary projects within the CGIAR. It argues that to more effectively address the needs and realities of vulnerable women and men at the grassroots, agricultural research systems must take more steps to fully integrate social, cultural, and political lines of inquiry into their core mandates. C1 [Verma, Ritu] Univ Sussex, Sch Global Studies, Dept Anthropol, Brighton BN1 9SJ, E Sussex, England. [Russell, Diane] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20538 USA. [German, Laura] Ctr Int Forestry Res CIFOR, Bogor 16000, Indonesia. RP Verma, R (reprint author), Univ Sussex, Sch Global Studies, Dept Anthropol, Arts CC128, Brighton BN1 9SJ, E Sussex, England. EM rvermapuri@gmail.com; diandeva@gmail.com; l.german@cgiar.org; l.german@cgiar.org; rvermapuri@gmail.com NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-8825-3 PY 2010 BP 257 EP 281 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8826-0_12 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8826-0 PG 25 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Anthropology SC Agriculture; Anthropology GA BPM20 UT WOS:000279234800012 ER PT J AU Torell, E Crawford, B Volk, R AF Torell, Elin Crawford, Brian Volk, Richard TI Introduction: Building Local Governance, Regional Excellence, and Global Leadership for Sustainable Coastal Communities and Ecosystems SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Torell, Elin; Crawford, Brian] Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Resources Ctr, Narragansett, RI USA. [Volk, Richard] USAID Water Team, Washington, DC USA. RP Torell, E (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Resources Ctr, Narragansett, RI USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 189 EP 194 AR PII 922680237 DI 10.1080/08920753.2010.483164 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 604VD UT WOS:000278305700001 ER PT J AU Tobey, J Rubinoff, P Robadue, D Ricci, G Volk, R Furlow, J Anderson, G AF Tobey, James Rubinoff, Pamela Robadue, Donald, Jr. Ricci, Glen Volk, Richard Furlow, John Anderson, Glen TI Practicing Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change: Lessons from Integrated Coastal Management SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE climate change; coastal adaptation; coastal impacts; ICM; lessons learned AB The challenges faced in adapting to climate change present themselves with increasing urgency. Nowhere will these challenges be greater than in the developing world where often weak institutions and governance systems struggle to deal with mounting pressures from population growth, inadequate infrastructure, and diminishing or already depleted natural resources. This article synthesizes the many global climate change and other anthropogenic threats to coastal ecosystems and draws on lessons and good practices from global experience in integrated coastal management (ICM) that can be transferred to coastal adaptation to these challenges. The case is made that the process and best practices of ICM are not radically changed by applying a climate lens. For the most part, the good practices of planning and implementation coastal management measures apply equally to climate change as they do to other coastal issues. However, there are some new and important considerations that enter into planning and decision-making with respect to climate change. These considerations include the need for an even greater emphasis on nature-based coastal protection strategies and measures, more pronounced issues of uncertainty in decision-making, the need for a longer planning horizon, and the importance of including in the decision-making equation opportunities to mitigate the sources of climate change with adaptation measures. C1 [Tobey, James; Rubinoff, Pamela; Robadue, Donald, Jr.; Ricci, Glen] Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Resources Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Volk, Richard] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Econ Growth Agr & Trade, Water & Coastal Resources Team, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Furlow, John] US Agcy Int Dev, Bur Econ Growth Agr & Trade, Global Climate Change Team, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Anderson, Glen] Int Resources Grp, Washington, DC USA. RP Tobey, J (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Coastal Resources Ctr, 220 S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM tobey@crc.uri.edu NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 317 EP 335 AR PII 922680468 DI 10.1080/08920753.2010.483169 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 604VD UT WOS:000278305700008 ER PT J AU Tedeschi, G AF Tedeschi, Gwendolyn BE Munoz, JMS TI Microfinance: assessing its impact on microenterprises SO CONTEMPORARY MICROENTERPRISE: CONCEPTS AND CASES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTHEAST THAILAND; MICROCREDIT; BANGLADESH; PROGRAMS; MATTER C1 [Tedeschi, Gwendolyn] Manhattan Coll, Riverdale, NY 10471 USA. [Tedeschi, Gwendolyn] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Microenterprise Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. RP Tedeschi, G (reprint author), Manhattan Coll, Riverdale, NY 10471 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84844-952-7 PY 2010 BP 116 EP 128 PG 13 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BZF41 UT WOS:000301357600011 ER PT J AU Elele, J Fields, D AF Elele, Joyce Fields, Dail TI Participative decision making and organizational commitment Comparing Nigerian and American employees SO CROSS CULTURAL MANAGEMENT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Employee participation; Decision making; United States of America; Nigeria; Cross-cultural management; Public administration ID NORMATIVE COMMITMENT; ANTECEDENTS; OUTCOMES; CONSEQUENCES; SATISFACTION; CONTINUANCE; INVOLVEMENT; MODEL AB Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between participation in decision making (PDM) and the organizational commitment of Nigerian and American employees working in the public sector environment. A focal concern of this study is the extent to which cultural differences or similarities between Nigeria and the USA impact this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The study first examined the measurement equivalence across both American and Nigerian sub-samples for scales assessing levels of PDM and organizational commitment. While the item weights for measures of actual and desired PDM were invariant, the weights for items measuring organizational commitment differed between Nigerians and Americans. These weights were subsequently used to calculate affective, normative, and continuance commitment for the Nigerian and American sub-samples and to test three hypotheses derived from the theoretical implications of cultural differences between Nigerians and Americans. Findings Taking into account measurement differences, both actual PDM and actual vs desired levels of PDM were related differently to the affective, normative, and continuance commitment of Nigerian employees compared to US employees. For Nigerian employees, both actual levels of participation and actual vs desired participation are related to affective and normative commitment. Neither measure of participation is related to continuance commitment. For Americans, only actual vs desired levels of participation were positively related with affective and normative organizational commitment. Actual levels of participation were negatively related to continuance commitment. Research limitations/implications Future work should expand the sampling to compare employees working in Nigerian owned and managed organizations with American employees of organizations in similar industries and of comparable size. Practical implications In addition to its theoretical value, this paper also has substantial practical value. Staff commitment is an organizational outcome variable critical to the success of international development agencies and implementing partners. For example, anti-US sentiment has increased in the recent years up in the Islamic northern sections of Nigeria. Employee organizational commitment is critical in such challenging terrains, as employees who are more committed are more likely to help their organization weather such negative conditions. Originality/value There have been very few previous studies on how Western management practices such as employee participation play out within the African context and how cultural differences affect the relationships between management practices and employee outcomes in Nigeria. Findings in this study may provide public sector managers in these contexts with an understanding of the possible impact of organizational cultures which include PDM. C1 [Elele, Joyce] USAID, Abuja, Nigeria. [Fields, Dail] Regent Univ, Sch Global Leadership & Entrepreneurship, Virginia Beach, VA USA. RP Elele, J (reprint author), USAID, Abuja, Nigeria. EM jelele@usaid.gov NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 23 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1352-7606 J9 CROSS CULT MANAG JI Cross Cult. Manag. PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 368 EP 392 DI 10.1108/13527601011086586 PG 25 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 747QV UT WOS:000289335400003 ER PT B AU Belt, JAB AF Belt, Juan A. B. BE BenjaminAlvarado, J TI The Electric Power Sector in Cuba: Ways to Increase Efficiency and Sustainability SO CUBA'S ENERGY FUTURE: A POLICY ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGIC APPROACHES TO COOPERATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Belt, Juan A. B.] Chemonics Int, Washington, DC USA. [Belt, Juan A. B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Infrastruct & Engn, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Belt, Juan A. B.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. RP Belt, JAB (reprint author), Chemonics Int, Washington, DC USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-0342-6 PY 2010 BP 48 EP 79 PG 32 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BWX54 UT WOS:000295268800004 ER PT J AU Belt, JAB AF Belt, Juan A. B. BE BenjaminAlvarado, J TI The Electric Power Sector in Cuba: Ways to Increase Efficiency and Sustainability SO CUBA'S ENERGY FUTURE: STRATEGIC APPROACHES TO COOPERATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Belt, Juan A. B.] US Agcy Int Dev, Off Infrastruct & Engn, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Belt, Juan A. B.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-81570-459-1 PY 2010 BP 48 EP 79 PG 32 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; International Relations SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; International Relations GA BZJ95 UT WOS:000301793800004 ER PT J AU Peterson, RB Russell, D West, P Brosius, JP AF Peterson, Richard B. Russell, Diane West, Paige Brosius, J. Peter TI Seeing (and Doing) Conservation Through Cultural Lenses SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity conservation; Ecological anthropology; Community-based conservation; Local knowledge; Interdisciplinary studies; Collaborative research ID PROTECTED AREAS; BIOLOGY; FOREST; ANTHROPOLOGY AB In this paper, we first discuss various vantage points gained through the authors' experience of approaching conservation through a "cultural lens." We then draw out more general concerns that many anthropologists hold with respect to conservation, summarizing and commenting on the work of the Conservation and Community Working Group within the Anthropology and Environment Section of the American Anthropological Association. Here we focus on both critiques and contributions the discipline of anthropology makes with regard to conservation, and show how anthropologists are moving beyond conservation critiques to engage actively with conservation practice and policy. We conclude with reflections on the possibilities for enhancing transdisciplinary dialogue and practice through reflexive questioning, the adoption of disciplinary humility, and the realization that "cross-border" collaboration among conservation scholars and practitioners can strengthen the political will necessary to stem the growing commoditization and ensuing degradation of the earth's ecosystems. C1 [Peterson, Richard B.] Univ New England, Dept Environm Studies, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Russell, Diane] US Agcy Int Dev, NRM Biodivers & Forestry Team, USAID Econ Growth Agr & Trade Bur, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [West, Paige] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Anthropol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Brosius, J. Peter] Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Peterson, RB (reprint author), Univ New England, Dept Environm Studies, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM rpeterson@une.edu; diandeva@gmail.com; cw2031@columbia.edu; pbrosius@uga.edu NR 69 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 5 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s00267-008-9135-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551KG UT WOS:000274206500002 PM 18592304 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI The Evolution and Unfolding of Financial Globalization SO FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION: GROWTH, INTEGRATION, INNOVATION AND CRISIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPITAL FLOWS C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 109 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28994-9 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 67 D2 10.1057/9780230289949 PG 67 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BVX03 UT WOS:000293011900002 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION Growth, Integration, Innovation and Crisis Preface SO FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION: GROWTH, INTEGRATION, INNOVATION AND CRISIS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID CAPITAL-ACCOUNT LIBERALIZATION; STOCK-MARKET LIBERALIZATIONS; PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH; EMERGING MARKETS; DOMESTIC FIRMS; INVESTMENT; FLOWS; VOLATILITY; COUNTRIES; WEALTH C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 352 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28994-9 PY 2010 BP XIV EP + D2 10.1057/9780230289949 PG 24 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BVX03 UT WOS:000293011900001 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Financial Globalization and the Shifting Sands in Contemporary Financial Markets SO FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION: GROWTH, INTEGRATION, INNOVATION AND CRISIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIBERALIZATION; INTEGRATION; COUNTRIES; BANKING; CRISES C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28994-9 PY 2010 BP 68 EP 125 D2 10.1057/9780230289949 PG 58 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BVX03 UT WOS:000293011900003 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Global Financial Crisis: The Great Recession and the Approaching Recovery SO FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION: GROWTH, INTEGRATION, INNOVATION AND CRISIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28994-9 PY 2010 BP 126 EP 167 D2 10.1057/9780230289949 PG 42 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BVX03 UT WOS:000293011900004 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Financial Globalization and the Integrating Emerging-Market Economies SO FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION: GROWTH, INTEGRATION, INNOVATION AND CRISIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28994-9 PY 2010 BP 168 EP 217 D2 10.1057/9780230289949 PG 50 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BVX03 UT WOS:000293011900005 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Macroeconomic Ramifications of Financial Globalization SO FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION: GROWTH, INTEGRATION, INNOVATION AND CRISIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPITAL-ACCOUNT LIBERALIZATION; MARKET LIBERALIZATION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DOMESTIC FIRMS; GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY; INVESTMENT; INTEGRATION; VOLATILITY; FLOWS C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28994-9 PY 2010 BP 218 EP 249 D2 10.1057/9780230289949 PG 32 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BVX03 UT WOS:000293011900006 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI Sovereign-Wealth Funds: A Paradigm Shift in Capital Flows in the Global Economy SO FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION: GROWTH, INTEGRATION, INNOVATION AND CRISIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28994-9 PY 2010 BP 250 EP 279 D2 10.1057/9780230289949 PG 30 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BVX03 UT WOS:000293011900007 ER PT J AU Das, DK AF Das, Dilip K. BA Das, DK BF Das, DK TI FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION Growth, Integration, Innovation and Crisis Epilogue SO FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION: GROWTH, INTEGRATION, INNOVATION AND CRISIS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Das, Dilip K.] European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. [Das, Dilip K.] ESSEC, Paris, France. [Das, Dilip K.] Univ Sydney, Grad Sch Business, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Das, Dilip K.] Webster Univ, Geneva, Switzerland. [Das, Dilip K.] Indian Inst Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] Int Management Inst, EXIM Bank, New Delhi, India. [Das, Dilip K.] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Bank, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Dilip K.] World Commiss Dev & Environm Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Das, DK (reprint author), European Inst Business Adm INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28994-9 PY 2010 BP 280 EP 282 D2 10.1057/9780230289949 PG 3 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA BVX03 UT WOS:000293011900008 ER PT J AU Alon, I Sardy, M AF Alon, Ilan Sardy, Marc BA Alon, I BF Alon, I TI Franchising as an Entrepreneurial Form SO FRANCHISING GLOBALLY: INNOVATION, LEARNING AND IMITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VENTURE; FIRMS C1 [Alon, Ilan; Sardy, Marc] Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Alon, Ilan] Acad Int Business, E Lansing, MI USA. [Alon, Ilan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Alon, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28985-7 PY 2010 BP 36 EP 53 D2 10.1057/9780230289857 PG 18 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BVU13 UT WOS:000292759600004 ER PT J AU Alon, I Ni, LQ Wang, R AF Alon, Ilan Ni, Liqiang Wang, Raymond (Youcheng) BA Alon, I BF Alon, I TI Internationalization of Franchising SO FRANCHISING GLOBALLY: INNOVATION, LEARNING AND IMITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ORGANIZATIONAL FORM; STRATEGIES; OPERATIONS; CHOICE; FIRM C1 [Alon, Ilan] Rollins Coll, China Ctr Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Alon, Ilan] Int Franchise Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] Acad Int Business, E Lansing, MI USA. [Alon, Ilan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Ni, Liqiang] Shanghai Off Price Waterhouse Da Hua, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Ni, Liqiang] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Wang, Raymond (Youcheng)] Univ Cent Florida, Rosen Coll Hospitality Management, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Alon, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28985-7 PY 2010 BP 54 EP 72 D2 10.1057/9780230289857 PG 19 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BVU13 UT WOS:000292759600005 ER PT J AU Alon, I Shoham, A AF Alon, Ilan Shoham, Amir BA Alon, I BF Alon, I TI Clustering for International Market Selection SO FRANCHISING GLOBALLY: INNOVATION, LEARNING AND IMITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENTREPRENEURSHIP; INDIVIDUALISM; DIMENSIONS C1 [Alon, Ilan] Rollins Coll, China Ctr Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Alon, Ilan] Int Franchise Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] Acad Int Business, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Alon, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28985-7 PY 2010 BP 73 EP 90 D2 10.1057/9780230289857 PG 18 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BVU13 UT WOS:000292759600006 ER PT J AU Alon, I Vianelli, D AF Alon, Ilan Vianelli, Donata BA Alon, I BF Alon, I TI Franchising in Italy SO FRANCHISING GLOBALLY: INNOVATION, LEARNING AND IMITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MODAL CHOICE; HOTEL SECTOR C1 [Alon, Ilan] Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alon, Ilan] Rollins Coll, China Ctr Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Alon, Ilan] Int Franchise Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] Acad Int Business, E Lansing, MI USA. [Alon, Ilan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Vianelli, Donata] Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. RP Alon, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28985-7 PY 2010 BP 93 EP 119 D2 10.1057/9780230289857 PG 27 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BVU13 UT WOS:000292759600007 ER PT J AU Alon, I Alami, R AF Alon, Ilan Alami, Rachid BA Alon, I BF Alon, I TI Franchising in Morocco SO FRANCHISING GLOBALLY: INNOVATION, LEARNING AND IMITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alon, Ilan] Rollins Coll, China Ctr Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Alon, Ilan] Int Franchise Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] Int Soc Franchising, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] Acad Int Business, E Lansing, MI USA. [Alon, Ilan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. RP Alon, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28985-7 PY 2010 BP 120 EP 137 D2 10.1057/9780230289857 PG 18 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BVU13 UT WOS:000292759600008 ER PT J AU Alon, I Alpeza, M Erceg, A AF Alon, Ilan Alpeza, Mirela Erceg, Aleksandar BA Alon, I BF Alon, I TI Franchising in Croatia SO FRANCHISING GLOBALLY: INNOVATION, LEARNING AND IMITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alon, Ilan] Rollins Coll, China Ctr Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Alon, Ilan] Int Franchise Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] Acad Int Business, E Lansing, MI USA. [Alon, Ilan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Erceg, Aleksandar] JJ Strossmayer Univ Osijek, Grad Program Entrepreneurship, Osijek, Croatia. RP Alon, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28985-7 PY 2010 BP 138 EP 154 D2 10.1057/9780230289857 PG 17 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BVU13 UT WOS:000292759600009 ER PT J AU Alon, I Mitchell, MC Munoz, JM AF Alon, Ilan Mitchell, Matthew C. Munoz, J. Mark BA Alon, I BF Alon, I TI Microfranchising in Less Developed Countries SO FRANCHISING GLOBALLY: INNOVATION, LEARNING AND IMITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE; AGENCY THEORY; FRANCHISE; CHANNEL; ENTREPRENEURS; ARRANGEMENTS; SATISFACTION; PERFORMANCE; OPERATIONS; DEPENDENCE C1 [Alon, Ilan] Rollins Coll, China Ctr Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Alon, Ilan] Int Franchise Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] Acad Int Business, E Lansing, MI USA. [Alon, Ilan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Mitchell, Matthew C.] Drake Univ, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. [Munoz, J. Mark] Millikin Univ, Decatur, IL USA. RP Alon, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28985-7 PY 2010 BP 155 EP 180 D2 10.1057/9780230289857 PG 26 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BVU13 UT WOS:000292759600010 ER PT J AU Alon, I Kupetz, A AF Alon, Ilan Kupetz, Allen BA Alon, I BF Alon, I TI Ruth's Chris Franchises Expand Internationally SO FRANCHISING GLOBALLY: INNOVATION, LEARNING AND IMITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alon, Ilan] Rollins Coll, China Ctr Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Alon, Ilan] Int Franchise Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] Acad Int Business, E Lansing, MI USA. [Alon, Ilan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Kupetz, Allen] Rollins Coll, Crummer Grad Sch Business, Winter Pk, FL USA. RP Alon, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28985-7 PY 2010 BP 183 EP 192 D2 10.1057/9780230289857 PG 10 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BVU13 UT WOS:000292759600011 ER PT J AU Alon, I Cliquet, G Mitchell, MC Perrigot, R AF Alon, Ilan Cliquet, Gerard Mitchell, Matthew C. Perrigot, Rozenn BA Alon, I BF Alon, I TI International Franchising at Best Western SO FRANCHISING GLOBALLY: INNOVATION, LEARNING AND IMITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alon, Ilan] Rollins Coll, China Ctr Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Alon, Ilan] Int Franchise Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] Acad Int Business, E Lansing, MI USA. [Alon, Ilan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Cliquet, Gerard] Univ Rennes 1, IGR IAE, Sch Business Adm, F-35014 Rennes, France. [Mitchell, Matthew C.] Drake Univ, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. [Perrigot, Rozenn] Univ Rennes 1, Dept Mkt, Grad Sch Business Adm, F-35014 Rennes, France. [Perrigot, Rozenn] ESC Rennes Sch Business, Rennes, France. RP Alon, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28985-7 PY 2010 BP 193 EP 210 D2 10.1057/9780230289857 PG 18 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BVU13 UT WOS:000292759600012 ER PT J AU Alon, I Alpeza, M Erceg, A AF Alon, Ilan Alpeza, Mirela Erceg, Aleksandar BA Alon, I BF Alon, I TI San Francisco Coffee House Opens in Croatia SO FRANCHISING GLOBALLY: INNOVATION, LEARNING AND IMITATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Alon, Ilan] Rollins Coll, China Ctr Rollins Coll, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Alon, Ilan] Int Franchise Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Alon, Ilan] Acad Int Business, E Lansing, MI USA. [Alon, Ilan] USAID, Washington, DC USA. [Erceg, Aleksandar] JJ Strossmayer Univ Osijek, Grad Program Entrepreneurship, Osijek, Croatia. RP Alon, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Kennedy Sch, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-28985-7 PY 2010 BP 211 EP 223 D2 10.1057/9780230289857 PG 13 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BVU13 UT WOS:000292759600013 ER EF