FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mitchell, CPJ Branfireun, BA Kolka, RK AF Mitchell, Carl P. J. Branfireun, Brian A. Kolka, Randall K. TI Assessing sulfate and carbon controls on net methylmercury production in peatlands: An in situ mesocosm approach SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Madison, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, US Geol Survey, Univ Wisconsin La Crosse ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; MERCURY METHYLATION; REDUCING BACTERIA; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; ACID-RAIN; ECOSYSTEMS; WETLANDS; STIMULATION AB The transformation of atmospherically deposited inorganic Hg to the toxic, organic form methylmercury (MeHg) is of serious ecological concern because MeHg accumulates in aquatic biota, including fish. Research has shown that tile Hg methylation reaction is dependent on the availability Of SO4 (as an electron acceptor) because SO4-reducing bacteria (SRB) mediate the biotic methylation of Hg. Much less research has investigated the possible organic C limitations to Hg methylation (i.e. from tile perspective of tile electron donor). Although peatlands are long-term stores of organic C, the C derived from peatland vegetation is of questionable microbial lability. This research investigated how both SO4 and organic C control net MeHg production using a controlled factorial addition design in 44 in situ peatland mesocosms. Two levels Of SO4 addition and energetic-equivalcnt additions (i.e. same number of electrons) of a number of organic C sources were used including glucose, acetate, lactate, coniferous litter leachate, and deciduous litter leachate. This study supports previous research demonstrating the stimulation of MeHg production from SO4 input alone (similar to 200 pg/L/day). None of the additions of organic C alone resulted in significant MeHg production. The combined addition Of SO4 and some organic C sources resulted in considerably more MeHg production (similar to 500 pg/L/day) than did the addition Of SO4 alone, demonstrating that the highest levels of MeHg production can be expected only where fluxes of both SO4 and organic C are delivered concurrently. When compared to a number of pore water samples taken from two nearby peatlands, MeHg concentrations resulting from the combined addition Of SO4 and organic C in this study were similar to MeHg "hot spots" found near the upland-peat land interface. The formation of MeHg "hot spots" at tile upland-peatland interface may be dependent oil concurrent inputs Of SO4 and organic C in runoff from the adjacent upland hillslopes. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mitchell, Carl P. J.; Branfireun, Brian A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Kolka, Randall K.] USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Mitchell, CPJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd,POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM mitchelle@si.edu RI Mitchell, Carl/A-7212-2008 OI Mitchell, Carl/0000-0001-8538-5138 NR 54 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 503 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.apgeocliem.2007.12.020 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 289ID UT WOS:000255047300014 ER PT J AU West, AA Hawley, SL Bochanski, JJ Covey, KR Reid, IN Dhital, S Hilton, EJ Masuda, M AF West, Andrew A. Hawley, Suzanne L. Bochanski, John J. Covey, Kevin R. Reid, I. Neill Dhital, Saurav Hilton, Eric J. Masuda, Michael TI Constraining the age-activity relation for cool stars: The sloan digital sky survey data release 5 low-mass star spectroscopic sample SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar neighborhood; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy : structure; stars : activity; stars : late-type; stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs ID M-DWARFS; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; GALACTIC PLANE; MAIN-SEQUENCE; 25 PARSECS; K-DWARFS; EMISSION; ROTATION AB We present a spectroscopic analysis of over 38,000 low-mass stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 5 (DR5). Analysis of this unprecedentedly large sample confirms the previously detected decrease in the fraction of magnetically active stars (as traced by H alpha emission) as a function of the vertical distance from the Galactic plane. The magnitude and slope of this effect vary as a function of spectral type. Using simple 1D dynamical models, we demonstrate that the drop in activity fraction can be explained by thin-disk dynamical heating and a rapid decrease in magnetic activity. The timescale for this rapid activity decrease changes according to the spectral type. By comparing our data to the simulations, we calibrate the age-activity relation at each M dwarf spectral type. We also present evidence for a possible decrease in the metallicity as a function of height above the Galactic plane. In addition to our activity analysis, we provide line measurements, molecular band indices, colors, radial velocities, 3D space motions, and mean properties as a function of spectral type for the SDSS DR5 low-mass star sample. C1 [West, Andrew A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hawley, Suzanne L.; Bochanski, John J.; Hilton, Eric J.; Masuda, Michael] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Covey, Kevin R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reid, I. Neill] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Dhital, Saurav] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP West, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM awest@astro.berkeley.edu RI West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; OI Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 65 TC 275 Z9 276 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 3 BP 785 EP 795 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/3/785 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271WF UT WOS:000253818700004 ER PT J AU Devor, J Charbonneau, D O'Donovan, FT Mandushev, G Torres, G AF Devor, Jonathan Charbonneau, David O'Donovan, Francis T. Mandushev, Georgi Torres, Guillermo TI Identification, classifications, and absolute properties of 773 eclipsing binaries found in the trans-atlantic exoplanet survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE binaries : eclipsing; catalogs; methods : data analysis; stars : statistics; techniques : photometric ID LOW-MASS STARS; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; SUN-LIKE STAR; OR-EQUAL-TO; MAIN-SEQUENCE; LIGHT CURVES; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; CM DRACONIS; ORBITAL CIRCULARIZATION AB In recent years, we have witnessed an explosion of photometric time-series data, collected for the purpose of finding a small number of rare sources, such as transiting extrasolar planets and gravitational microlenses. Once combed, these data are often set aside, and are not further searched for the many other variable sources that they undoubtedly contain. To this end, we describe a pipeline that is designed to systematically analyze such data, while requiring minimal user interaction. We ran our pipeline on a subset of the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey dataset, and used it to identify and model 773 eclipsing binary systems. For each system we conducted a joint analysis of its light curve, colors, and theoretical isochrones. This analysis provided us with estimates of the binary's absolute physical properties, including the masses and ages of their stellar components, as well as their physical separations and distances. We identified three types of eclipsing binaries that are of particular interest and merit further observations. The first category includes 11 low-mass candidates, which may assist current efforts to explain the discrepancies between the observation and the models of stars at the bottom of the main sequence. The other two categories include 34 binaries with eccentric orbits, and 20 binaries with abnormal light curves. Finally, this uniform catalog enabled us to identify a number of relations that provide further constraints on binary population models and tidal circularization theory. C1 [Devor, Jonathan; Charbonneau, David; Torres, Guillermo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [O'Donovan, Francis T.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mandushev, Georgi] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Devor, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jdevor@cfa.harvard.edu OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 105 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 3 BP 850 EP 877 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/3/850 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271WF UT WOS:000253818700009 ER PT J AU Carney, BW Gray, DF Yong, D Latham, DW Manset, N Zelman, R Laird, JB AF Carney, Bruce W. Gray, David F. Yong, David Latham, David W. Manset, Nadine Zelman, Rachel Laird, John B. TI Rotation and macroturbulence in metal-poor field red giant and red horizontal branch stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; Galaxy : halo; planetary systems; stars : kinematics; stars : Population II; stars : rotation ID HEMISPHERE OBSERVATIONS; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; LINE-PROFILES; CHROMOSPHERES; SPECTROSCOPY; TURBULENCE; DWARFS AB We report the results for rotational velocities, V-rot sin i, and macroturbulence dispersions, xi RT, for 12 metal-poor field red giant branch (RGB) stars and 7 metal-poor field red horizontal branch (RHB) stars. The results are based on Fourier transform analyses of absorption line profiles from high-resolution (R approximate to 120,000), high-S/N (approximate to 215 per pixel; approximate to 345 per resolution element) spectra obtained with the Gecko spectrograph at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). The stars were selected from the authors' previous studies of 20 RHB and 116 RGB stars, based primarily on larger-than-average line-broadening values. We find that. RT values for the metal-poor RGB stars are very similar to those for metal-rich disk giants studied earlier by Gray and his collaborators. Six of the RGB stars have small rotational values, less than 2.0 km s(-1), while five show significant rotation/enhanced line broadening, over 3 km s(-1). We confirm the rapid rotation rate for RHB star HD 195636, found earlier by Preston. This star's rotation is comparable to that of the fastest known rotating blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars, when allowance is made for differences in radii and moments of inertia. The other six RHB stars have somewhat lower rotation but show a trend to higher values at higher temperatures (lower radii). Comparing our results with those for BHB stars from Kinman et al., we find that the fraction of rapidly rotating RHB stars is somewhat lower than is found among BHB stars. The number of rapidly rotating RHB stars is also smaller than we would have expected from the observed rotation of the RGB stars. We devise two empirical methods to translate our earlier line-broadening results into Vrot sin i for all the RGB and RHB stars they studied. Binning the RGB stars by luminosity, we find that most metal-poor field RGB stars show no detectable sign, on average, of rotation, which is not surprising given the stars' large radii. However, the most luminous stars, with M-V <= -1.5, do show net rotation, with mean values of 2-4 km s(-1), depending on the algorithm employed, and also show signs of radial velocity jitter and mass loss. This "rotation" may in fact prove to be due to other line-broadening effects, such as shock waves or pulsation. C1 [Carney, Bruce W.; Yong, David] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gray, David F.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Latham, David W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Manset, Nadine; Zelman, Rachel] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Laird, John B.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Carney, BW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM bruce@unc.edu; dfgray@uwo.ca; yong@physics.unc.edu.au; dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu; manset@cfht.hawaii.edu; zelman@cfht.hawaii.edu; laird@bgsu.edu NR 30 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 3 BP 892 EP 906 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/3/892 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271WF UT WOS:000253818700011 ER PT J AU Pepper, J Stanek, KZ Pogge, RW Latham, DW Depoy, DL Siverd, R Poindexter, S Sivakoff, GR AF Pepper, Joshua Stanek, K. Z. Pogge, Richard W. Latham, David W. Depoy, D. L. Siverd, Robert Poindexter, Shawn Sivakoff, Gregory R. TI A photometric survey for variables and transits in the field of Praesepe with the kilodegree extremely little telescope SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : activity ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; LUMINOSITY OBJECT TRANSITS; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; GALACTIC DISK; GIANT PLANETS; SEARCH; PROJECT; STAR; CANDIDATES; EXOPLANETS AB The Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) project is a small aperture, wide-angle search for planetary transits of solar-type stars. In this paper, we present the results of a commissioning campaign with the KELT telescope to observe the open cluster Praesepe for 34 nights in early 2005. Light curves were obtained for 69,337 stars, out of which we identify 58 long-period variables and 152 periodic variables. Sixteen of these are previously known as variable, yielding 194 newly discovered variable stars for which we provide properties and light curves. We also searched for planetary-like transits, finding four transit candidates. Follow-up observations indicate that two of the candidates are astrophysical false positives, with two candidates remaining as potential planetary transits. C1 [Pepper, Joshua; Stanek, K. Z.; Pogge, Richard W.; Depoy, D. L.; Siverd, Robert; Poindexter, Shawn; Sivakoff, Gregory R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Latham, David W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pepper, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 4055 McPherson Lab,140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM joshua.pepper@vanderbilt.edu RI Sivakoff, Gregory/G-9602-2011; OI Sivakoff, Gregory/0000-0001-6682-916X; Pepper, Joshua/0000-0002-3827-8417 NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 3 BP 907 EP 921 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/3/907 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271WF UT WOS:000253818700012 ER PT J AU Schild, RE Leiter, DJ Robertson, SL AF Schild, Rudolph E. Leiter, Darryl J. Robertson, Stanley L. TI Direct microlensing-reverberation observations of the intrinsic magnetic structure of active galactic nuclei in different spectral states: A tale of two quasars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; quasars : general; quasars : individual (Q2237+0305, Q0957+561) ID BLACK-HOLE CANDIDATES; LENS SYSTEM Q2237+0305; Q0957+561 TIME-DELAY; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; PROPELLER REGIME; DISK ACCRETION; FLOWS; STAR; NGC-5548; MOMENTS AB We show how direct microlensing-reverberation analysis performed on two well-known quasars (Q2237, the Einstein Cross, and Q0957, the Twin) can be used to observe the inner structure of two quasars which are in significantly different spectral states. These observations allow us to measure the detailed internal structure of Q2237 in a radio-quiet high-soft state, and compare it to Q0957 in a radio-loud low-hard state. When taken together we find that the observed differences in the spectral states of these two quasars can be understood as being due to the location of the inner radii of their accretion disks relative to the co-rotation radii of the magnetospheric eternally collapsing objects (MECO) in the centers of these quasars. The radiating structures observed in these quasars are associated with standard accretion disks and outer outflow structures, where the latter are the major source of UV-optical continuum radiation. While the observed inner accretion disk structure of the radio-quiet quasar Q2237 is consistent with either a MECO or a black hole, the observed inner structure of the radio-loud quasar Q0957 can only be explained by the action of the intrinsic magnetic propeller of a MECO with its accretion disk. Hence a simple and unified answer to the long-standing question: "Why are some quasars radio loud?" is found if the central objects of quasars are MECO, with radio-loud and radio-quiet spectral states similar to the case of galactic black hole candidates. C1 [Schild, Rudolph E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Leiter, Darryl J.] Marwood Astrophys Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22963 USA. [Robertson, Stanley L.] SW Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Weatherford, OK 73096 USA. RP Schild, RE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 3 BP 947 EP 956 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/3/947 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271WF UT WOS:000253818700015 ER PT J AU Haarsma, DB Winn, JN Shapiro, I Lehar, J AF Haarsma, Deborah B. Winn, Joshua N. Shapiro, Irwin Lehar, Joseph TI The central component of gravitational lens Q0957+561 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; instrumentation : interferometers; quasars : individual (Q0957+561) ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; TIME-DELAY; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; QUASAR 0957&561; APM 08279+5255; CENTRAL IMAGE; GLOBAL VALUE; MODELS; GALAXIES; CONSTANT AB In 1981, a faint radio source (G') was detected near the center of the lensing galaxy of the famous "twin quasar" Q0957+561. It is still unknown whether this central radio source is a third quasar image or an active nucleus of the lensing galaxy, or a combination of both. In an attempt to resolve this ambiguity, we observed Q0957+561 at radio wavelengths of 13 cm, 18 cm, and 21 cm, using the Very Long Baseline Array in combination with the phased Very Large Array and the Green Bank Telescope. We measured the spectrum of G' for the first time and found it to be significantly different from the spectra of the two bright quasar images. This finding suggests that the central component is primarily or entirely emission from the foreground lens galaxy, but the spectrum is also consistent with the hypothesis of a central quasar image suffering free free absorption. In addition, we confirm the previously-reported Very Long Baseline Interferometry position of G' just north of the optical center of the lens galaxy. The position slightly favors the hypothesis that G' originates in the lens, but is not conclusive. We discuss the prospects for further clarification of this issue. C1 [Haarsma, Deborah B.] Calvin Coll, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. [Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Winn, Joshua N.; Shapiro, Irwin; Lehar, Joseph] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lehar, Joseph] CombinatoRx Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Haarsma, DB (reprint author), Calvin Coll, 1734 Knollcrest SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. EM dhaarsma@calvin.edu NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 3 BP 984 EP 990 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/3/984 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271WF UT WOS:000253818700018 ER PT J AU Ford, EB AF Ford, Eric B. TI Adaptive scheduling algorithms for planet searches SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : statistical; planetary systems; techniques : radial velocities ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; ORBITS AB High-precision radial velocity planet searches have surveyed over similar to 2000 nearby stars and detected over similar to 200 planets. While these same stars likely harbor many additional planets, they will become increasingly challenging to detect, as they tend to have relatively small masses and/or relatively long orbital periods. Therefore, observers are increasing the precision of their observations, continuing to monitor stars over decade timescales, and also preparing to survey thousands more stars. Given the considerable amounts of telescope time required for such observing programs, it is important to use the available resources as efficiently as possible. Previous studies have found that a wide range of predetermined scheduling algorithms results in planet searches with similar sensitivities. We have developed adaptive scheduling algorithms which have a solid basis in Bayesian inference and information theory and also are computationally feasible for modern planet searches. We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of plausible planet searches to test the power of adaptive scheduling algorithms. Our simulations demonstrate that planet searches performed with adaptive scheduling algorithms can simultaneously detect more planets, detect less massive planets, and measure orbital parameters more accurately than comparable surveys using a non-adaptive scheduling algorithm. We expect that these techniques will be particularly valuable for the N2K radial velocity planet search for short-period planets as well as future astrometric planet searches with the Space Interferometry Mission, which aim to detect terrestrial-mass planets. C1 [Ford, Eric B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ford, Eric B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ford, Eric B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ford, EB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Astron, 211 Bryant Space Sci Ctr,POB 112055, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM eford@cfa.harvard.edu OI /0000-0001-6545-639X NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 3 BP 1008 EP 1020 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/3/1008 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271WF UT WOS:000253818700021 ER PT J AU Gruberbauer, M Saio, H Huber, D Kallinger, T Weiss, WW Guenther, DB Kuschnig, R Matthews, JM Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, S Sasselov, D Walker, GAH AF Gruberbauer, M. Saio, H. Huber, D. Kallinger, T. Weiss, W. W. Guenther, D. B. Kuschnig, R. Matthews, J. M. Moffat, A. F. J. Rucinski, S. Sasselov, D. Walker, G. A. H. TI MOST photometry and modeling of the rapidly oscillating (roAp) star gamma Equulei SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : chemically peculiar; stars : oscillations; stars : individual : gamma Equ; stars : magnetic fields; methods : data analysis ID RADIAL-VELOCITY VARIATIONS; PULSATING AP STARS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACOUSTIC MODES; EQU; VARIABILITY; SPACE; FREQUENCIES; RESOLUTION; DISCOVERY AB Aims. Despite photometry and spectroscopy of its oscillations obtained over the past 25 years, the pulsation frequency spectrum of the rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) star. Equ has remained poorly understood. Better time-series photometry, combined with recent advances to incorporate interior magnetic field geometry into pulsational models, enable us to perform improved asteroseismology of this roAp star. Methods. We obtained 19 days of continuous high-precision photometry of. Equ with the Most (Microvariability & Oscillations of STars) satellite. The data were reduced with two different reduction techniques and significant frequencies were identified. Those frequencies were fitted by interpolating a grid of pulsation models that include dipole magnetic fields of various polar strengths. Results. We identify 7 frequencies in. Equ that we associate with 5 high-overtone p-modes and 1st and 2nd harmonics of the dominant p-mode. One of the modes and both harmonics are new discoveries for this star. Our best model solution (1.8 M-circle dot, log T-eff similar to 3.882; polar field strength similar to 8.1 kG) leads to unique mode identifications for these frequencies (l = 0, 1, 2 and 4). This is the first purely asteroseismic fit to a grid of magnetic models. We measure amplitude and phase modulation of the primary frequency due to beating with a closely spaced frequency that had never been resolved. This casts doubts on theories that such modulation - unrelated to the rotation of the star - is due to a stochastic excitation mechanism. C1 [Gruberbauer, M.; Huber, D.; Kallinger, T.; Weiss, W. W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Saio, H.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Astron Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Guenther, D. B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Kuschnig, R.; Matthews, J. M.; Walker, G. A. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Moffat, A. F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Rucinski, S.] Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. [Sasselov, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gruberbauer, M (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, Turkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. EM gruberbauer@astro.univie.ac.at; saio@astr.tohoku.ac.jp; guenther@ap.stmarys.ca; kuschnig@astro.phys.ubc.ca; matthews@phas.ubc.ca; moffat@astro.umontreal.ca; rucinski@astro.utoronto.ca; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; gordonwa@uvic.ca OI Kallinger, Thomas/0000-0003-3627-2561 NR 60 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 480 IS 1 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078830 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268JP UT WOS:000253576400027 ER PT J AU Massi, M Ros, E Menten, KM Bernado, MK Torricelli-Ciamponi, G Neidhofer, J Boden, A Boboltz, D Sargent, A Torres, G AF Massi, M. Ros, E. Menten, K. M. Bernado, M. Kaufman Torricelli-Ciamponi, G. Neidhoefer, J. Boden, A. Boboltz, D. Sargent, A. Torres, G. TI Interacting coronae of two T Tauri stars: first observational evidence for solar-like helmet streamers SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : coronae; stars : individual : V773 Tau; stars : flare; stars : pre-main sequence; radio continuum : stars; stars : binaries : general ID X-RAY FLARE; V773 TAURI; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; HD-283447; EMISSION; DYNAMICS; BINARY; CLOUD AB Context. The young binary system V773 Tau A exhibits a persistent radio flaring activity that gradually increases from a level of a few mJy at apoastron to more than 100 mJy at periastron. Interbinary collisions between very large (>15 R*) magnetic structures anchored on the two rotating stars of the system have been proposed to be the origin of these periodic radio flares. Magnetic structures extended over tens of stellar radii, that can also account for the observed fast decay of the radio flares, seem to correspond to the typical solar semi-open quite extended magnetic configurations called helmet streamers. Aims. We aim to find direct observational evidence for the postulated, solar-like, coronal topologies. Methods. We performed seven-consecutive-day VLBI observations at 8.4 GHz using an array consisting of the VLBA and the 100-m Effelsberg telescope. V773 Tau A was phase-referenced to QSO B0400+258. Results. Two distinctive structures appear in the radio images here presented. They happen to be associated with the primary and secondary stars of the V773 Tau A system. In one image (Fig. 2B) the two features are extended up to 18 R* each and are nearly parallel revealing the presence of two interacting helmet streamers. One image (Fig. 2E) taken a few hours after a flare monitored by the 100-m Effelsberg telescope shows one elongated fading structure substantially rotated with respect to those seen in the B run. The same decay scenario is seen in Fig. 2G for the helmet streamer associated with the other star. Conclusions. This is the very first direct evidence revealing that even if the flare origin is magnetic reconnection due to interbinary collision, both stars independently emit in the radio range with structures of their own. These structures are helmet streamers, observed for the first time in stars other than the Sun. The complete extent of each helmet streamer above the stellar surface is about 24 R* which implies that they can practically interact throughout the whole orbit, even rather close to apoastron where the stellar separation is 52 R*. However, the radio flares become stronger when the stars approach. Around periastron the stellar separation is only 30 R*, nearly covered by a single streamer: the two streamers overlap producing the observed giant flares. C1 [Massi, M.; Ros, E.; Menten, K. M.; Bernado, M. Kaufman; Neidhoefer, J.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Torricelli-Ciamponi, G.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Boden, A.] CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Boboltz, D.] USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Sargent, A.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Torres, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Massi, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM mmassi@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; ros@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; kmenten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; mkaufman@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; torricel@arcetri.astro.it; jneidhoefer@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; bode@ipac.caltech.edu; dboboltz@usno.navy.mil; afs@astro.caltech.edu; gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu OI Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 480 IS 2 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078637 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271RP UT WOS:000253806700024 ER PT J AU Deeg, HJ Ocana, B Kozhevnikov, VP Charbonneau, D O'Donovan, FT Doyle, LR AF Deeg, H. J. Ocana, B. Kozhevnikov, V. P. Charbonneau, D. O'Donovan, F. T. Doyle, L. R. TI Extrasolar planet detection by binary stellar eclipse timing: evidence for a third body around CM Draconis SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : individual : CM Dra; stars : binaries : eclipsing; eclipses; stars : planetary systems ID INFORMATION CRITERIA; PERIOD DECREASE; MODEL SELECTION; CLOSE BINARIES; SYSTEM AB Aims. Our objective is to elucidate the physical process that causes the observed observed-minus-calculated (O-C) behavior in the M4.5/ M4.5 binary CM Dra and to test for any evidence of a third body around the CM Dra system. Methods. New eclipse minimum timings of CM Dra were obtained between the years 2000 and 2007. The O-C times of the system are fitted against several functions, representing different physical origins of the timing variations. Results. Using our observational data in conjunction with published timings going back to 1977, a clear non-linearity in O-C times is apparent. An analysis using model-selection statistics gives about equal weight to a parabolic and to a sinusoidal fitting function. Attraction from a third body, either at large distance in a quasi-constant constellation across the years of observations or from a body on a shorter orbit generating periodicities in O-C times is the most likely source of the observed O-C times. The white dwarf GJ 630.1B, a proper motion companion of CM Dra, can however be rejected as the responsible third body. Also, no further evidence of the short-periodic planet candidate described by Deeg et al. (2000, A&A, 358, L5) is found, whereas other mechanisms, such as period changes from stellar winds or Applegate's mechanism can be rejected. Conclusions. A third body, being either a few-Jupiter-mass object with a period of 18.5 +/- 4.5 years or an object in the mass range of 1.5 M-jup to 0.1 M-circle dot with periods of hundreds to thousands of years is the most likely origin of the observed minimum timing behavior. C1 [Deeg, H. J.; Ocana, B.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Ocana, B.] Inst Radio Astron Milimetr, Granada 18012, Spain. [Kozhevnikov, V. P.] Ural State Univ, Astron Observ, Ekaterinburg 620083, Russia. [Charbonneau, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [O'Donovan, F. T.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Doyle, L. R.] SITI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Deeg, HJ (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, C Via Lactea S-N, Tenerife 38205, Spain. EM hdeeg@iac.es RI Ocana Flaquer, Breezy/N-2734-2013; O'Donovan, Francis/I-2423-2014 OI Ocana Flaquer, Breezy/0000-0003-1685-4599; O'Donovan, Francis/0000-0002-4858-6106 NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 480 IS 2 BP 563 EP 571 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079000 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271RP UT WOS:000253806700032 ER PT J AU Lombardi, M Lada, CJ Alves, J AF Lombardi, M. Lada, C. J. Alves, J. TI Hipparcos distance estimates of the Ophiuchus and the Lupus cloud complexes SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; dust, extinction; ISM : individual objects : Ophiuchus complex; stars : distances; methods : data analysis ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; CATALOG; REGION AB We combine extinction maps from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) with Hipparcos and Tycho parallaxes to obtain reliable and high-precision estimates of the distance to the Ophiuchus and Lupus dark complexes. Our analysis, based on a rigorous maximum-likelihood approach, shows that the rho-Ophiuchi cloud is located at (119 +/- 6) pc and the Lupus complex is located at (155 +/- 8) pc; in addition, we are able to put constraints on the thickness of the clouds and on their orientation on the sky (both these effects are not included in the error estimate quoted above). For Ophiuchus, we find some evidence that the streamers are closer to us than the core. The method applied in this paper is currently limited to nearby molecular clouds, but it will find many natural applications in the GAIA-era, when it will be possible to pin down the distance and three-dimensional structure of virtually every molecular cloud in the Galaxy. C1 [Lombardi, M.] ESO, Space Telescope European Coordinat Facil, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lada, C. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alves, J.] Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Calar Alto Observ, Almeria 04004, Spain. RP Lombardi, M (reprint author), ESO, Space Telescope European Coordinat Facil, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM mlombard@eso.org OI LOMBARDI, MARCO/0000-0002-3336-4965; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 NR 26 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 480 IS 3 BP 785 EP 792 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079110 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 274IB UT WOS:000253993900021 ER PT J AU Moscadelli, L Goddi, C Cesaroni, R Beltran, MT Furuya, RS AF Moscadelli, L. Goddi, C. Cesaroni, R. Beltran, M. T. Furuya, R. S. TI Massive star-formation in G24.78+0.08 explored through VLBI maser observations (vol 472, pg 867, 2007) SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Correction DE masers; stars : formation; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; errata, addenda C1 [Moscadelli, L.; Cesaroni, R.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Goddi, C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Beltran, M. T.] Univ Barcelona, Dipartimento Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain. [Furuya, R. S.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Moscadelli, L (reprint author), Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM mosca@arcetri.astro.it OI Moscadelli, Luca/0000-0002-8517-8881 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 480 IS 3 BP 793 EP U53 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077823e PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 274IB UT WOS:000253993900022 ER PT J AU Sani, E Risaliti, G Salvati, M Maiolino, R Marconi, A Berta, S Braito, V Della Ceca, R Franceschini, A AF Sani, E. Risaliti, G. Salvati, M. Maiolino, R. Marconi, A. Berta, S. Braito, V. Della Ceca, R. Franceschini, A. TI 3-5 mu m spectroscopy of obscured AGNs in ULIRGs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; X-RAY; SAMPLE; SUPERANTENNAE; MICRON; QUASAR; ICE AB We present the results of infrared L-band (3-4 mu m) and M-band (4-5 mu m) Very Large Telescope (VLT) ISAAC spectroscopy of five bright ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) hosting an AGN. From our analysis we distinguish two types of sources: ULIRGs in which the AGN is unobscured ( with a flat continuum and no absorption features at 3.4 and 4.6 mu m), and those with highly obscured AGNs ( with a steep, reddened continuum and absorption features due to hydrocarbons and CO). Starburst activity is also present in all of the sources, as inferred from the 3.3 mu m PAH emission line. A strong correlation is found between continuum slope and CO optical depth, which suggests that deep carbon monoxide absorption is a common feature of highly obscured ULIRG AGNs. Finally, we show that the AGN dominates the 3-4 mu m emission, even if its contribution to the bolometric luminosity is small. C1 [Sani, E.; Marconi, A.] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Risaliti, G.; Salvati, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Risaliti, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Maiolino, R.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Berta, S.; Franceschini, A.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Braito, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Braito, V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Della Ceca, R.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brena, I-20121 Milan, Italy. RP Sani, E (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron, Largo E Fremi 2, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RI Marconi, Alessandro/C-5880-2009; OI Marconi, Alessandro/0000-0002-9889-4238; Della Ceca, Roberto/0000-0001-7551-2252 NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1086/523784 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000009 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Smith, HA Ashby, MLN Fischer, J Spinoglio, L Grundy, TW AF Gonzalez-Alfonso, Eduardo Smith, Howard A. Ashby, Matthew L. N. Fischer, Jacqueline Spinoglio, Luigi Grundy, Timothy W. TI High-excitation oh and H2O lines in Markarian 231: The molecular signatures of compact far-infrared continuum sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : individual (Mrk 231); galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; radiative transfer ID LONG-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; FINE-STRUCTURE EXCITATION; BRIGHT GALAXY SAMPLE; STAR-FORMATION; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; MEGAMASER GALAXIES; ABSORPTION-LINES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; AGN ACTIVITY AB The ISO LWS far-infrared spectrum of the ultraluminous galaxy Mrk 231 shows OH and H2O lines in absorption from energy levels up to 300 K above the ground state, and emission in the [O I] 63 mu m and [C II] 158 mu m lines. Our analysis shows that OH and H2O are radiatively pumped by the far-infrared continuum emission of the galaxy. The absorptions in the high-excitation lines require high far-infrared radiation densities, allowing us to constrain the properties of the underlying continuum source. The bulk of the far-infrared continuum arises from a warm (T-dust = 70-100 K), optically thick (inverted perpendicular 100 mu m = 1-2) medium of effective diameter 200-400 pc. In our best-fit model of total luminosity L-IR, the observed OH and H2O high-lying lines arise from a luminous (L/L-IR similar to 0.56) region with radius similar to 100 pc. The high surface brightness of this component suggests that its infrared emission is dominated by the AGN. The derived column densities N(OH) greater than or similar to 10(17) cm(-2) and N(H2O) greater than or similar to 6 x 10(16) cm(-2) may indicate X-ray dominated region (XDR) chemistry, although significant starburst chemistry cannot be ruled out. The lower-lying OH, [ C II] 158 mu m, and [ O I] 63 mu m lines arise from a more extended ( similar to 350 pc) starburst region. We show that the [ C II] deficit in Mrk 231 is compatible with a high average abundance of C+ because of an extreme overall luminosity to gas mass ratio. Therefore, a [ C II] deficit may indicate a significant contribution to the luminosity by an AGN, and/or by extremely efficient star formation. C1 [Gonzalez-Alfonso, Eduardo] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain. [Smith, Howard A.; Ashby, Matthew L. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fischer, Jacqueline] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Spinoglio, Luigi] CNR, Ist Fis Spazio Interplantetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Grundy, Timothy W.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Gonzalez-Alfonso, E (reprint author), Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, Campus Univ, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain. EM eduardo.gonzalez@uah.es; hsmith@cfa.harvard.edu; mashby@cfa.harvard.edu; jackie.fischer@nrl.navy.mil; luigi.spinoglio@ifsi-roma.inaf.it; w.grundy@rl.ac.uk OI Spinoglio, Luigi/0000-0001-8840-1551 NR 66 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 303 EP 315 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000023 ER PT J AU Sheth, K Vogel, SN Wilson, CD Dame, TM AF Sheth, Kartik Vogel, Stuart N. Wilson, Christine D. Dame, T. M. TI Comparative analysis of molecular clouds in M31, M33, and the Milky Way SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M31, M33, Milky Way); galaxies : ISM; Local Group; radio lines : ISM ID SEST KEY PROGRAM; CO SURVEY; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; GALAXY; GAS; DISK; ARM AB We present BIMA observations of a 2 ' field in the northeastern spiral arm of M31. In this region we find six giant molecular clouds ( GMCs) that have a mean diameter of 57 +/- 13 pc, a mean velocity width of 6.5 +/- 1.2 km s(-1), and a mean molecular mass of (3.0 +/- 1.6) x 10(5) M-circle dot. The peak brightness temperature of these clouds ranges from 1.6 to 4.2 K. We compare these clouds to clouds in M33 observed by Wilson & Scoville using the OVRO millimeter array and some cloud complexes in the Milky Way observed by Dame and coworkers using the CfA 1.2 m telescope. In order to properly compare the single-dish data to the spatially filtered interferometric data, we project several well-known Milky Way complexes to the distance of Andromeda and simulate their observation with the BIMA interferometer. We compare the simulated Milky Way clouds with the M31 and M33 data using the same cloud identification and analysis technique and find no significant differences in the cloud properties in all three galaxies. Thus, we conclude that previous claims of differences in the molecular cloud properties between these galaxies may have been due to differences in the choice of cloud identification techniques. With the upcoming CARMA telescope, individual molecular clouds may be studied in a variety of nearby galaxies. With ALMA, comprehensive GMC studies will be feasible at least as far as the Virgo cluster. With these data, comparative studies of molecular clouds across galactic disks of all types and between different galaxy disks will be possible. Our results emphasize that interferometric observations combined with the use of a consistent cloud identification and analysis technique will be essential for such forthcoming studies that will compare GMCs in the Local Group galaxies to galaxies in the Virgo cluster. C1 [Sheth, Kartik] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Vogel, Stuart N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wilson, Christine D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Dame, T. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sheth, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM kartik@astro.caltech.edu; vogel@astro.umd.edu; wilson@physics.mcmaster.ca; tdame@cfa.harvard.edu NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 330 EP 339 DI 10.1086/524647 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000025 ER PT J AU Yeh, SCC Hirano, N Bourke, TL Ho, PTP Lee, CF Ohashi, N Takakuwa, S AF Yeh, Sherry C. C. Hirano, Naomi Bourke, Tyler L. Ho, Paul T. P. Lee, Chin-Fei Ohashi, Nagayoshi Takakuwa, Shigehisa TI The CO molecular outflows of IRAS 16293-2422 probed by the submillimeter array SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (IRAS 16293-2422); ISM : jets and outflows; stars : formation ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MASS STAR-FORMATION; IRAS 16293-2422; OPHIUCHI CLOUD; JET; ABUNDANCES; PROTOSTARS; EVOLUTION; EMISSION AB We have mapped the protobinary source IRAS 16293-2422 in CO 2-1, (CO)-C-13 2-1, and CO 3-2 with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). The maps with resolution of 1.5 ''-5 '' reveal a single small-scale (similar to 3000 AU) bipolar molecular outflow along the east-west direction. We found that the blueshifted emission of this small-scale outflow mainly extends to the east and the redshifted emission to the west from the position of IRAS 16293A. A comparison with the morphology of the large-scale outflows previously observed by single-dish telescopes at millimeter wavelengths suggests that the small-scale outflow may be the inner part of the large-scale (similar to 15,000 AU) east-west outflow. On the other hand, there is no clear counterpart of the large-scale northeast-southwest outflow in our SMA maps. Comparing analytical models to the data suggests that the morphology and kinematics of the small-scale outflow can be explained by a wide-angle wind with an inclination angle of similar to 30 degrees-40 degrees with respect to the plane of the sky. The high-resolution CO maps show that there are two compact, bright spots in the blueshifted velocity range. An LVG analysis shows that the one located 1 '' to the east of source A is extremely dense, n(H-2) similar to 10(7) cm(-3), and warm, T-kin > 55 K. The other one located 1 '' southeast of source B has a higher temperature of T-kin > 65 K but slightly lower density of n(H-2) similar to 10(6) cm(-3). It is likely that these bright spots are associated with the hot core-like emission observed toward IRAS 16293. Since both bright spots are blueshifted from the systemic velocity and are offset from the protostellar positions, they are likely formed by shocks. C1 [Yeh, Sherry C. C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Yeh, Sherry C. C.; Hirano, Naomi; Ho, Paul T. P.; Lee, Chin-Fei; Ohashi, Nagayoshi; Takakuwa, Shigehisa] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Bourke, Tyler L.; Ho, Paul T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lee, Chin-Fei] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Takakuwa, Shigehisa] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, ALMA Project Off, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Yeh, SCC (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. EM yeh@astro.utoronto.ca NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 454 EP 463 DI 10.1086/524648 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000036 ER PT J AU Wang, JF Townsley, LK Feigelson, ED Broos, PS Getman, KV Roman-Zuniga, CG Lada, E AF Wang, Junfeng Townsley, Leisa K. Feigelson, Eric D. Broos, Patrick S. Getman, Konstantin V. Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G. Lada, Elizabeth TI A chandra study of the rosette star-forming complex. I. The stellar population and structure of the young open cluster NGC 2244 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE ISM : individual (Rosette Nebula); open clusters and associations : individual (NGC 2244); stars : formation; stars : luminosity function, mass function; stars : pre-main-sequence; x-rays : stars ID X-RAY-EMISSION; ORION-NEBULA-CLUSTER; HERBIG-AE/BE STARS; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; TAURI MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION; OB-TYPE STARS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS AB We present the first high spatial resolution X-ray study of NGC 2244, the 2 Myr old stellar cluster in the Rosette Nebula, using Chandra. Over 900 X-ray sources are detected; 77% have optical or FLAMINGOS NIR stellar counterparts and are mostly previously uncataloged young cluster members. The X-ray-selected population is estimated to be nearly complete between 0.5 and 3M(circle dot). A number of further results emerge from our analysis: (1) The X-ray LF and the associated K-band LF indicate a normal Salpeter IMF for NGC 2244. This is inconsistent with the top-heavy IMF reported from earlier optical studies that lacked a good census of < 4M(circle dot) stars. By comparing the NGC 2244 and Orion Nebula Cluster XLFs, we estimate a total population of similar to 2000 stars in NGC 2244. (2) The spatial distribution of X-ray stars is strongly concentrated around the central O5 star, HD 46150. The other early O5 star, HD 46223, has few companions. The cluster's stellar radial density profile shows two distinctive structures: a power-law cusp around HD 46150 that extends to similar to 0.7 pc, surrounded by an isothermal sphere extending out to 4 pc with core radius 1.2 pc. This double structure, combined with the absence of mass segregation, indicates that this 2 Myr old cluster is not in dynamical equilibrium. (3) The fraction of X-ray-selected cluster members with K-band excesses caused by inner protoplanetary disks is 6%, slightly lower than the 10% disk fraction estimated from the FLAMINGOS study based on the NIR-selected sample. (4) X-ray luminosities for 24 stars earlier than B4 confirm the long-standing log (L-X/L-bol) similar to - 7 relation. The Rosette OB X-ray spectra are soft and consistent with the standard model of small-scale shocks in the inner wind of a single massive star. C1 [Wang, Junfeng; Townsley, Leisa K.; Feigelson, Eric D.; Broos, Patrick S.; Getman, Konstantin V.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G.; Lada, Elizabeth] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wang, JF (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jwang@astro.psu.edu RI Wang, Junfeng/A-1476-2011; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/F-6602-2016 OI Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/0000-0001-8600-4798 NR 179 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 464 EP 490 DI 10.1086/526406 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000037 ER PT J AU Allen, TS Pipher, JL Gutermuth, RA Megeath, ST Adams, JD Herter, TL Williams, JP Goetz-Bixby, JA Allen, LE Myers, PC AF Allen, Thomas S. Pipher, Judith L. Gutermuth, Robert A. Megeath, S. Thomas Adams, Joseph D. Herter, Terry L. Williams, Jonathan P. Goetz-Bixby, Jennifer A. Allen, Lori E. Myers, Philip C. TI Spitzer, near-infrared, and submillimeter imaging of the relatively sparse young cluster, Lynds 988e SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : pre-main-sequence; stars : formation ID LOW-MASS STARS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; ARRAY-CAMERA; STELLAR CLUSTERS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; NUMBER COUNTS; 1 KILOPARSEC; POPULATION; (CO)-C-13; NGC-7129 AB We present Spitzer images of the relatively sparse, low-luminosity young cluster L988e, as well as complementary near-infrared (NIR) and submillimeter images of the region. The cluster is asymmetric, with the western region of the cluster embedded within the molecular cloud, and the slightly less dense eastern region to the east of, and on the edge of, the molecular cloud. With these data, as well as with extant H alpha data of stars primarily found in the eastern region of the cluster, and a molecular (CO)-C-13 gas emission map of the entire region, we investigate the distribution of forming young stars with respect to the cloud material, concentrating particularly on the differences and similarities between the exposed and embedded regions of the cluster. We also compare star formation in this region to that in denser, more luminous and more massive clusters already investigated in our comprehensive multiwavelength study of young clusters within 1 kpc of the Sun. C1 [Allen, Thomas S.; Pipher, Judith L.; Goetz-Bixby, Jennifer A.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Gutermuth, Robert A.; Allen, Lori E.; Myers, Philip C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Megeath, S. Thomas] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Adams, Joseph D.; Herter, Terry L.] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Williams, Jonathan P.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Allen, TS (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RI Williams, Jonathan/B-1643-2009; OI Williams, Jonathan/0000-0001-5058-695X NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 491 EP 506 DI 10.1086/525241 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000038 ER PT J AU Dessart, L Blondin, S Brown, PJ Hicken, M Hillier, DJ Holland, ST Immler, S Kirshner, RP Milne, P Modjaz, M Roming, PWA AF Dessart, Luc Blondin, Stephane Brown, Peter J. Hicken, Malcolm Hillier, D. John Holland, Stephen T. Immler, Stefan Kirshner, Robert P. Milne, Peter Modjaz, Maryam Roming, Peter W. A. TI Using quantitative spectroscopic analysis to determine the properties and distances of type II plateau supernovae: SN 2005cs and SN 2006bp SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE radiative transfer; stars : atmospheres; stars : distances; stars : evolution; supernovae : individual (2005cs, 2006bp) ID EXPANDING PHOTOSPHERE METHOD; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; X-RAY-EMISSION; PRELIMINARY SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; LIGHT-CURVE; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; STANDARD CANDLES; CEPHEID DISTANCE; HUBBLE CONSTANT AB We analyze the Type II plateau supernovae (SNe IIP) SN 2005cs and SN 2006bp with the non-LTE model atmosphere code CMFGEN. We fit 13 spectra in the first month for SN 2005cs and 18 for SN 2006bp. Swift ultraviolet photometry and ground-based optical photometry calibrate each spectrum. Our analysis shows that both objects were discovered less than 3 days after they exploded, making these the earliest SN IIP spectra ever studied. They reveal broad and very weak lines from highly ionized fast ejecta with an extremely steep density profile. We identify He II lambda 4686 emission in the SN 2006bp ejecta. Days later, the spectra resemble the prototypical Type IIP SN 1999em, which had a supergiant-like photospheric composition. Despite the association of SN 2005cs with possible X-ray emission, the emergent UV and optical light comes from the photosphere, not from circumstellar emission. We surmise that the very steep density falloff we infer at early times may be a fossil of the combined actions of the shock wave passage and radiation driving at shock breakout. Based on tailored CMFGEN models, the direct fitting technique and the expanding photosphere method both yield distances and explosion times that agree within a few percent. We derive a distance to NGC 5194, the host of SN 2005cs, of 8.9 +/- 0.5 Mpc and 17.5 +/- 0.8 Mpc for SN 2006bp in NGC 3953. The luminosity of SN 2006bp is 1.5 times that of SN 1999em and 6 times that of SN 2005cs. Reliable distances to SNe IIP that do not depend on a small range in luminosity provide an independent route to the Hubble constant and improved constraints on other cosmological parameters. C1 [Dessart, Luc; Milne, Peter] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dessart, Luc; Milne, Peter] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Blondin, Stephane; Hicken, Malcolm; Kirshner, Robert P.; Modjaz, Maryam] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 01238 USA. [Brown, Peter J.; Roming, Peter W. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hillier, D. John] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Holland, Stephen T.; Immler, Stefan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Xray Astrophys Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hillier, D. John; Holland, Stephen T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Dessart, L (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM luc@as.arizona.edu NR 102 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 644 EP 669 DI 10.1086/526451 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000049 ER PT J AU Reeves, KK Seaton, DB Forbes, TG AF Reeves, Katharine K. Seaton, Daniel B. Forbes, Terry G. TI Field line shrinkage in flares observed by the X-ray telescope on Hinode SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : flares; sun : X-rays, gamma rays ID SOLAR-FLARES; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; LOOPS; MOTIONS; RIBBONS AB The X-Ray Telescope on Hinode has observed individual loops of plasma moving downward in a manner that is consistent with field line shrinkage in the aftermath of reconnection at higher altitudes. An on-disk B3.8 flare observed on 2007 May 2 has loops that clearly change in shape from cusp-shaped to more rounded. In addition, bright loops are observed that decrease in altitude with a speed of approximately 5 km s(-1), and fainter, higher loop structures shrink with a velocity of 48 km s(-1). A C2.1 flare observed on 2006 December 17 also has loops that change shape. Many bright features are seen to be moving downward in this event, and we estimate their speed to be around 2-4 km s(-1). We measure the shrinkage in both of these events, and find that it is 17%-27%, which is consistent with theoretical predictions. C1 [Reeves, Katharine K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Seaton, Daniel B.; Forbes, Terry G.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Reeves, KK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St MS 58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kreeves@cfa.harvard.edu; dseaton@unh.edu; terry.forbes@unh.edu RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; OI SEATON, DANIEL/0000-0002-0494-2025 NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP 868 EP 874 DI 10.1086/526336 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 268EP UT WOS:000253562000066 ER PT J AU Mazzotta, P Giacintucci, S AF Mazzotta, Pasquale Giacintucci, Simona TI Do radio core-halos and cold fronts in non-major-merging clusters originate from the same gas sloshing? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cooling flows; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual (RX J1720.1+2638, MS 1455.0+2232); X-rays : galaxies ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; CHANDRA; REACCELERATION AB We show an interesting correlation between the surface brightness and temperature structure of the relaxed clusters RX J1720.1 + 2638 and MS 1455.0 + 2232, hosting a pair of cold fronts, and their central core-halo radio source. We discuss the possibility that the origin of this diffuse radio emission may be strictly connected with the gas sloshing mechanism suggested to explain the formation of cold fronts in non-major-merging clusters. We show that the radiative lifetime of the relativistic electrons is much shorter than the timescale on which they can be transported from the central galaxy up to the radius of the outermost cold front. This strongly indicates that the observed diffuse radio emission is likely produced by electrons reaccelerated via some kind of turbulence generated within the cluster volume limited by the cold fronts during the gas sloshing. C1 [Mazzotta, Pasquale] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Mazzotta, Pasquale; Giacintucci, Simona] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Giacintucci, Simona] INAF, Inst Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP Mazzotta, P (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Via Ricerca Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM mazzotta@roma2.infn.it; sgiaci_s@ira.inaf.it RI Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016 OI Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748 NR 13 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 1 BP L9 EP L12 DI 10.1086/529433 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291ZA UT WOS:000255234900003 ER PT J AU Reddy, NA Steidel, CC Pettini, M Adelberger, KL Shapley, AE Erb, DK Dickinson, M AF Reddy, Naveen A. Steidel, Charles C. Pettini, Max Adelberger, Kurt L. Shapley, Alice E. Erb, Dawn K. Dickinson, Mark TI Multiwavelength constraints on the cosmic star formation history from spectroscopy: The rest-frame ultraviolet, H alpha, and infrared luminosity functions at redshifts 1.9 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 3.4 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : luminosity function, mass function; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; ULTRA-DEEP-FIELD; GOODS-NORTH FIELD; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STELLAR MASS DENSITY; FORMING GALAXIES; RED GALAXIES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; EMITTING GALAXIES; DUST ATTENUATION AB We use a sample of rest-frame UV-selected and spectroscopically observed galaxies at redshifts 1.9 <= z < 3.4, combined with ground-based spectroscopic H alpha and Spitzer MIPS 24 mu m data, to derive the most robust measurements of the rest-frame UV, H alpha, and infrared (IR) luminosity functions (LFs) at these redshifts. Our sample is by far the largest of its kind, with over 2000 spectroscopic redshifts in the range 1.9 <= z < 3.4 and similar to 15,000 photometric candidates in 29 independent fields covering a total area of almost a square degree. Our method for computing the LFs takes into account a number of systematic effects, including photometric scatter, Ly alpha line perturbations to the observed optical colors of galaxies, and contaminants. Taking into account the latter, we find no evidence for an excess of UV-bright galaxies over what was inferred in early z similar to 3 LBG studies. The UV LF appears to undergo little evolution between z similar to 4 and z similar to 2. Corrected for extinction, the UV luminosity density (LD) at z similar to 2 is at least as large as the value at z similar to 3 and a factor of similar to 9 larger than the value at z similar to 6, primarily reflecting an increase in the number density of bright galaxies between z similar to 6 and z similar to 2. Our analysis yields the first constraints anchored by extensive spectroscopy on the infrared and bolometric LFs for faint and moderately luminous (L(bol) less than or similar to 1012 L(circle dot)) galaxies. Adding the IR to the emergent UV luminosity, incorporating independent measurements of the LD from ULIRGs, and assuming realistic dust attenuation values for UV-faint galaxies, indicates that galaxies with L(bol) < 10(12) L(circle dot) account for approximate to 80% of the bolometric LD and SFRD at z similar to 2-3. This suggests that previous estimates of the faint end of the L(bol) LF may have underestimated the steepness of the faint-end slope at L(bol) < 10(12) L(circle dot). Our multiwavelength constraints on the global SFRD indicate that approximately one-third of the present-day stellar mass density was formed in subultraluminous galaxies between redshifts z = 1.9-3.4. C1 [Reddy, Naveen A.; Steidel, Charles C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Reddy, Naveen A.; Dickinson, Mark] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Pettini, Max] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Adelberger, Kurt L.] McKinsey & Co Inc, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Shapley, Alice E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Erb, Dawn K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reddy, NA (reprint author), CALTECH, MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 134 TC 303 Z9 304 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 175 IS 1 BP 48 EP 85 DI 10.1086/521105 PG 38 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307CO UT WOS:000256295600003 ER PT J AU Ramirez, SV Arendt, RG Sellgren, K Stolovy, SR Cotera, A Smith, HA Yusef-Zadeh, F AF Ramirez, Solange V. Arendt, Richard G. Sellgren, Kris Stolovy, Susan R. Cotera, Angela Smith, Howard A. Yusef-Zadeh, Farhad TI Point sources from a Spitzer IRAC survey of the Galactic Center SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxy : center; stars : late-type ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; SPACE-TELESCOPE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; OH/IR STARS; AGB STARS; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; RADIO FILAMENTS; MILKY-WAY AB We have obtained Spitzer IRAC observations of the central 2.0 degrees x 1.4 degrees (similar to 280 x 200 pc) of the Galaxy at 3.6-8.0 mu m. A point-source catalog of 1,065,565 objects is presented. The catalog includes magnitudes for the point sources at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 mu m, as well as JHK(s) photometry from Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). The point-source catalog is confusion limited with average limits of 12.4, 12.1, 11.7, and 11.2 mag for [3.6], [4.5], [5.8], and [8.0], respectively. We find that the confusion limits are spatially variable because of stellar surface density, background surface brightness level, and extinction variations across the survey region. The overall distribution of point-source density with Galactic latitude and longitude is essentially constant, but structure does appear when sources of different magnitude ranges are selected. Bright stars show a steep decreasing gradient with Galactic latitude and a slow decreasing gradient with Galactic longitude, with a peak at the position of the Galactic center. From IRAC color-magnitude and color-color diagrams, we conclude that most of the point sources in our catalog have IRAC magnitudes and colors characteristic of red giant and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. C1 [Ramirez, Solange V.] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Arendt, Richard G.] CRESST UMBC GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sellgren, Kris] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Stolovy, Susan R.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cotera, Angela] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Smith, Howard A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Yusef-Zadeh, Farhad] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Ramirez, SV (reprint author), CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM solange@ipac.caltech.edu OI Arendt, Richard/0000-0001-8403-8548 NR 54 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 175 IS 1 BP 147 EP 164 DI 10.1086/524015 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307CO UT WOS:000256295600010 ER PT J AU Avrett, EH Loeser, R AF Avrett, Eugene H. Loeser, Rudolf TI Models of the solar chromosphere and transition region from SUMER and HRTS observations: Formation of the extreme-ultraviolet spectrum of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE atomic data; line : profiles; radiative transfer; Sun : chromosphere; Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID LTE LINE-FORMATION; ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; ACCELERATED LAMBDA ITERATION; TIME-DEPENDENT IONIZATION; FREQUENCY ACOUSTIC-WAVES; ATOM-ATOM COLLISIONS; O-III SPECTRUM; QUIET-SUN; STELLAR ATMOSPHERES AB We present the results of optically thick non-LTE radiative transfer calculations of lines and continua of H, C I-IV, and O I-VI and other elements using a new one-dimensional, time-independent model corresponding to the average quiet-Sun chromosphere and transition region. The model is based principally on the Curdt et al. SUMER atlas of the extreme ultraviolet spectrum. Our model of the chromosphere is a semiempirical one, with the temperature distribution adjusted to obtain optimum agreement between calculated and observed continuum intensities, line intensities, and line profiles. Our model of the transition region is determined theoretically from a balance between ( a) radiative losses and (b) the downward energy flow from the corona due to thermal conduction and particle diffusion, and using boundary conditions at the base of the transition region established at the top of the chromosphere from the semiempirical model. The quiet-Sun model presented here should be considered as a replacement of the earlier model C of Vernazza et al., since our new model is based on an energy-balance transition region, a better underlying photospheric model, a more extensive set of chromospheric observations, and improved calculations. The photospheric structure of the model given here is the same as in Table 3 of Fontenla, Avrett, Thuiller, & Harder. We show comparisons between calculated and observed continua, and between the calculated and observed profiles of all significant lines of H, C I-IV, and O I-VI in the wavelength range 67-173 nm. While some of the calculated lines are not in emission as observed, we find reasonable general agreement, given the uncertainties in atomic rates and cross sections, and we document the sources of the rates and cross sections used in the calculation. We anticipate that future improvements in the atomic data will give improved agreement with the observations. C1 [Avrett, Eugene H.; Loeser, Rudolf] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Avrett, EH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM avrett@cfa.harvard.edu NR 190 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 175 IS 1 BP 229 EP 276 DI 10.1086/523671 PG 48 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307CO UT WOS:000256295600014 ER PT J AU Jorge, MLSP AF Jorge, Maria Luisa S. P. TI Effects of forest fragmentation on two sister genera of Amazonian rodents (Myoprocta acouchy and Dasyprocta leporina) SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE dasyproctidae; mammals neotropics; body size; extinction risk; scatter-hoarding ID FRENCH-GUIANA; RAIN-FOREST; SOUTHEASTERN AMAZONIA; POPULATION-DENSITY; ATLANTIC FOREST; SEED-DISPERSAL; RUMPED AGOUTI; BODY-SIZE; MAMMALS; BRAZIL AB Because agoutis (Dasyprocta sp.) and acouchies (Myoprocta sp.) are the most important dispensers of several large-seeded Amazonian trees, knowing their responses to forest fragmentation is essential and urgent. But until now, there was no study showing their population trends in Amazonian land forest fragments. The present study was conducted at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Central Amazon, Brazil. Eleven sites (three fragments of 1 ha, three of 10 ha, two of 100 ha and three sites of continuous forest) were surveyed between 2003 and 2005. Agoutis and acouchies were systematically counted at each site through standard transect censuses and their densities were estimated with DISTANCE 4.1. Overall, I walked 100 km, and encountered 136 acouchies and 35 agoutis. Fragmentation had a significant negative effect on acouchies and a significant positive effect on agouti densities. Acouchy density was 0.64 +/- 0.09 inds./ha ((X) over bar +/- SE, N = 3) in continuous forests and 0.07 +/- 0.07 inds./ha in 1-ha fragments. On the other hand, agouti density was 0.16 +/- 0.05 inds./ha in continuous forests and 0.71 +/- 0.24 inds./ha in 1-ha fragments. This study is consistent with the idea that in fragments, larger species of mammals are initially less affected by forest fragmentation than smaller ones. More critical to conservation is the fact that acouchies, which were negatively affected by fragmentation, are restricted to the core region of the Amazonian rainforests. Continued fragmentation of Amazonian forests should have vast negative consequences for the genus. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jorge, Maria Luisa S. P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Jorge, Maria Luisa S. P.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Jorge, Maria Luisa S. P.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Jorge, Maria Luisa S. P.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Jorge, MLSP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Jorge, Maria Luisa/B-1103-2013 OI Jorge, Maria Luisa/0000-0003-4264-5897 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 141 IS 3 BP 617 EP 623 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.11.013 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284TS UT WOS:000254729500003 ER PT J AU Bravo, A Harms, KE Stevens, RD Emmons, LH AF Bravo, Adriana Harms, Kyle E. Stevens, Richard D. Emmons, Louise H. TI Collpas: Activity hotspots for frugivorous bats (Phyllostomidae) in the Peruvian Amazon SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE clay lick; conservation; mineral ID ARTIBEUS-JAMAICENSIS CHIROPTERA; FRUIT-EATING BATS; WATER HOLES; GEOPHAGY; FOLIVORY; RESOURCE; NITROGEN; PROVIDE; CALCIUM; PANAMA AB In the SE Peruvian Amazon, large numbers of frugivorous bats regularly visit natural forest clearings known locally as collpas (which are also referred to as clay licks or mineral licks). Bats arrive at collpas to drink water that has accumulated in depressions created by larger geophagous mammals that consume exposed soil. Although collpa visitation is common, little is known about its causes and its ecological implications for the bat community. We compared patterns of use of collpas and non-collpa forest sites by bats in SE Peru. We mist netted bats at collpas and non-collpa sites during the dry season and compared abundance, species richness, species composition, sex ratio, and reproductive condition. More species were captured at collpas than at non-collpa sites, and collpas were visited almost exclusively by frugivores. Overall, bat-capture frequency and combined frugivorous bat-capture frequency were higher at collpas than at non-collpa sites, although some species of frugivorous bats were captured more frequently at non-collpa sites than at collpas (e.g., Carollia spp.). Irrespective of capture site, more female bats were pregnant or lactating than not, but there was a distinct female sex bias in bats that visited collpas: 70 percent of bats captured at collpas were female, whereas 44 percent of bats captured away from collpas were female. These patterns suggest that collpas may provide important resources for frugivorous bats in SE Peru, just as they are thought to provide important resources to the vertebrates that consume collpa soils. Accordingly, collpas are important conservation targets in the region. C1 [Bravo, Adriana; Harms, Kyle E.; Stevens, Richard D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Harms, Kyle E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Emmons, Louise H.] Smithsonian Inst, Div Mammals NHB390, MRC108, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bravo, A (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM abravo1@lsu.edu NR 61 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2008 VL 40 IS 2 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00362.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277EI UT WOS:000254195100010 ER PT J AU Acevedo-Rodriguez, P Strong, MT AF Acevedo-Rodriguez, Pedro Strong, Mark T. TI Floristic richness and affinities in the West Indies SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the Evolution on the Antilles - the Molecular Perspective held at the 9th Latin American Botanical Congress CY JUN, 2006 CL Santo Domingo, DOMINICAN REP DE West Indies; seed plant flora; phylogenetic studies ID PHYLOGENETIC PERSPECTIVE; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY AB Comparison of the common floristic elements between the West Indies and the surrounding continents shows a mosaic of affinities that are stronger to Central America and South America as a whole than with either one of them separately or with North America. However, since only 28% of the total West Indian seed plant flora is shared with other geographic regions of the world, the referred exercise is of limited value. Numerous tables are provided to show the distribution of genera throughout the archipelago. The application of phylogenetic studies into the service of biogeography is herein regarded as the next necessary step in elucidating the origins and affinities of the West Indian flora. C1 [Acevedo-Rodriguez, Pedro; Strong, Mark T.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Acevedo-Rodriguez, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Acevedop@si.edu NR 91 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-8101 EI 1874-9372 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 5 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s12229-008-9000-1 PG 32 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 303HX UT WOS:000256032700002 ER PT J AU van Ee, BW Berry, PE Riina, R Amaro, JEG AF van Ee, Benjamin W. Berry, Paul E. Riina, Ricarda Amaro, Jorge E. Gutierrez TI Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Caribbean-centered Croton subgenus Moacroton (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the Evolution on the Antilles - the Molecular Perspective held at the 9th Latin American Botanical Congress CY JUN, 2006 CL Santo Domingo, DOMINICAN REP DE Caribbean biogeography; Croton; Euphorbiaceae; GAARlandia; Moacroton; molecular phylogenetics ID DIVERGENCE TIMES; ALABAMENSIS EUPHORBIACEAE; ABSOLUTE RATES; COMBINING DATA; GENUS CROTON; DNA-SEQUENCE; DATA SETS; EVOLUTION; INCONGRUENCE; SYSTEMATICS AB Initial molecular phylogenetic studies established the monophylly of the large genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) and suggested that the group originated in the New World. A denser and more targeted sampling of Croton species points to a South American origin for the genus. The nuclear and chloroplast genomes indicate a different rooting for the phylogeny of Croton. Although we favor the rooting indicated by the chloroplast data our conclusions are also consistent with the topology inferred from the nuclear data. The satellite genera Cubacroton and Moacroton are embedded within Croton. These two genera are synonimized into Croton and a new subgenus, Croton subgenus Moacroton, is circumscribed to include them and their allied Croton species. Croton subgenus Moacroton is morphologically characterized by a primarily lepidote indumentum, bifid or simple styles, and pistillate flowers with sepals that are connate at the base. This newly circumscribed subgenus is found from North America to South America, and in contrast to the majority of Croton species most of its members are found in mesic habitats. The group is most diverse in the greater Caribbean basin. A molecular clock was calibrated to the phylogeny using the available Euphorbiaceae fossils. The timing and pattern of diversification of Croton is consistent with both the GAARlandia and Laurasian migration hypotheses. A single species, Croton poecilanthus from Puerto Rico, is placed incongruently by its nuclear and chloroplast genomes. The possibility of this species being of hybrid origin is discussed. C1 [van Ee, Benjamin W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Berry, Paul E.; Riina, Ricarda] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Amaro, Jorge E. Gutierrez] Jardin Bot Nacl, Havana, Cuba. [van Ee, Benjamin W.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP van Ee, BW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, 430 Lincoln Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bvanee@uwalumni.com RI Riina, Ricarda/J-1032-2014 OI Riina, Ricarda/0000-0002-7423-899X NR 53 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-8101 EI 1874-9372 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 132 EP 165 DI 10.1007/s12229-008-9003-y PG 34 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 303HX UT WOS:000256032700008 ER PT J AU Maunder, M Leiva, A Santiago-Valentin, E Stevenson, DW Acevedo-Rodriguez, P Meerow, AW Mejia, M Clubbe, C Francisco-Ortega, J AF Maunder, Mike Leiva, Angela Santiago-Valentin, Eugenio Stevenson, Dennis W. Acevedo-Rodriguez, Pedro Meerow, Alan W. Mejia, Milciades Clubbe, Colin Francisco-Ortega, Javier TI Plant conservation in the Caribbean Island biodiversity hotspot SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the Evolution on the Antilles - the Molecular Perspective held at the 9th Latin American Botanical Congress CY JUN, 2006 CL Santo Domingo, DOMINICAN REP DE biodiversity hotspot; Caribbean Islands; ecosystem; plant conservation ID PHYLOGENETIC PERSPECTIVE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; CYCADS; GENERA; CHLOROPLAST; RADIATION; SEQUENCES; TAXONOMY; NUCLEAR; JAMAICA AB While the Caribbean is a recognized "biodiversity hotspot", plant conservation has not received adequate attention; particularly, given the high levels of endemism in many plant groups. Besides establishing protected areas, there needs to be a sustained effort to study the taxonomy, systematics and ecology of the flora. Recent phylogenetic studies have shown high levels of endemism and conservation studies indicate a large propotion of the flora is threatened with extinction. Eight recommendations are given for plant conservation in the region. C1 [Maunder, Mike; Meerow, Alan W.; Francisco-Ortega, Javier] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Maunder, Mike; Francisco-Ortega, Javier] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Leiva, Angela] Jardin Bot Nacl, Havana, Cuba. [Santiago-Valentin, Eugenio] Univ Puerto Rico, Jardin Bot Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Stevenson, Dennis W.] New York Bot Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Acevedo-Rodriguez, Pedro] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Meerow, Alan W.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Mejia, Milciades] Jardin Bot Nacl, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. [Clubbe, Colin] Royal Bot Gardens, Herbarium, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. RP Maunder, M (reprint author), Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, Miami, FL 33156 USA. EM mmaunder@fairchildgarden.org NR 77 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-8101 EI 1874-9372 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 1 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s12229-008-9007-7 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 303HX UT WOS:000256032700011 ER PT J AU Tani, K Fiske, RS Tamura, Y Kido, Y Naka, J Shukuno, H Takeuchi, R AF Tani, Kenichiro Fiske, Richard S. Tamura, Yoshihiko Kido, Yukari Naka, Jiro Shukuno, Hiroshi Takeuchi, Rika TI Sumisu volcano, Izu-Bonin arc, Japan: site of a silicic caldera-forming eruption from a small open-ocean island SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE submarine caldera; silicic volcanism; caldera-forming eruption; tephra dispersal; late Pleistocene eruption; edifice instability; Izu-Bonin arc ID CRATER LAKE CALDERA; KERMADEC ARC; SOUTHWEST PACIFIC; MOUNT MAZAMA; SEA; PUMICE; BRECCIA; HISTORY; ORIGIN; OREGON AB Sumisu volcano was the site of an eruption during 30-60 ka that introduced similar to 48-50 km(3) of rhyolite tephra into the open-ocean environment at the front of the Izu-Bonin arc. The resulting caldera is 8x10 km in diameter, has steep inner walls 550-780 m high, and a floor averaging 900 m below sea level. In the course of five research cruises to the Sumisu area, a manned submersible, two ROVs, a Deep-Tow camera sled, and dredge samples were used to study the caldera and surrounding areas. These studies were augmented by newly acquired single-channel seismic profiles and multi-beam seafloor swath-mapping. Caldera-wall traverses show that pre-caldera eruptions built a complex of overlapping dacitic and basaltic edifices, that eventually grew above sea level to form an island about 200 m high. The caldera-forming eruption began on the island and probably produced a large eruption column. We interpret that prodigious rates of tephra fallback overwhelmed the Sumisu area, forming huge rafts of floating pumice, choking the nearby water column with hyperconcentrations of slowly settling tephra, and generating pyroclastic gravity currents of water-saturated pumice that traveled downslope along the sea floor. Thick, compositionally similar pumice deposits encountered in ODP Leg 126 cores 70 km to the south could have been deposited by these gravity currents. The caldera-rim, presently at ocean depths of 100-400 m, is mantled by an extensive layer of coarse dense lithic clasts, but syn-caldera pumice deposits are only thin and locally preserved. The paucity of syn-caldera pumice could be due to the combined effects of proximal non-deposition and later erosion by strong ocean currents. Post-caldera edifice instability resulted in the collapse of a 15 degrees sector of the eastern caldera rim and the formation of bathymetrically conspicuous wavy slump structures that disturb much of the volcano's surface. C1 [Tani, Kenichiro; Tamura, Yoshihiko; Kido, Yukari; Naka, Jiro; Shukuno, Hiroshi] Inst Frontier Res Earth Evolut, Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Fiske, Richard S.] Smithsonian Inst, MRC 119, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Takeuchi, Rika] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Tani, K (reprint author), Inst Frontier Res Earth Evolut, Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM kentani@jamstec.go.jp RI Takeuchi, Rika/E-6830-2011; OI Tani, Kenichiro/0000-0003-3374-8608 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 70 IS 5 BP 547 EP 562 DI 10.1007/s00445-007-0153-2 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 265GH UT WOS:000253346600001 ER PT J AU Potvin, C Gotelli, NJ AF Potvin, Catherine Gotelli, Nicholas J. TI Biodiversity enhances individual performance but does not affect survivorship in tropical trees SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE basal area; biodiversity and ecosystem function; mortality; tropical trees ID MIXED-SPECIES PLANTATIONS; COSTA-RICA; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; RAIN-FOREST; GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; METAANALYSIS; LOWLANDS AB We developed an analytical method that quantifies the relative contributions of mortality and individual growth to ecosystem function and analysed the results from the first biodiversity experiment conducted in a tropical tree plantation. In Sardinilla, central Panama, over 5000 tree seedlings were planted in monoculture and mixed-species plots. After 5 years of growth, mixed-species plots yielded, on average, 30-58% higher summed tree basal area than did monocultures. Simulation models revealed that the increased yield of mixed-species plots was due mostly to enhancement of individual tree growth. Although c. 1500 trees died during the experiment, mortality was highly species-specific and did not differ consistently between biodiversity treatments. Our results show that the effects of biodiversity on growth and mortality are uncoupled and that biodiversity affects total biomass and potentially self-thinning. The Sardinilla experiment suggests that mixed-species plantings may be a viable strategy for increasing timber yields and preserving biodiversity in tropical tree plantations. C1 [Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Potvin, Catherine] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Gotelli, Nicholas J.] Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Potvin, C (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, 1205 Doctor Penfield Ave, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. EM catherine.potvin@mcgill.ca NR 34 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 37 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 3 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01148.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257OD UT WOS:000252807500003 PM 18254730 ER PT J AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. TI Cold War at 30,000 feet: The Anglo-American fight for aviation supremacy SO ENTERPRISE & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Launius, Roger D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1467-2227 J9 ENTERP SOC JI Enterp. Soc PD MAR PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 215 EP 217 DI 10.1093/es/khn015 PG 4 WC Business; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 305HW UT WOS:000256170000014 ER PT J AU Guzman, HM Benfield, S Breedy, O Mair, JM AF Guzman, Hector M. Benfield, Sarah Breedy, Odalisca Mair, James M. TI Broadening reef protection across the Marine Conservation Corridor of the Eastern Tropical Pacific: Distribution and diversity of reefs in Las Perlas Archipelago, Panama SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE alpha-diversity; coral reefs; Las Perlas; marine reserves; Panama ID CORAL-REEFS; RESERVE SELECTION; BIODIVERSITY; ISLANDS; FISHES; COMMUNITIES; VARIABILITY; ECOREGIONS; MORTALITY; HOTSPOTS AB The protected sites defined under the Marine Conservation Corridor of the Tropical Eastern Pacific (MCCTEP) include most of the endemism and a fraction of the areas of high diversity for reef corals and fishes. Although those areas are connected biologically over distances > 600km, lack of large-scale sampling and attention to taxa other than scleractinian corals has limited the protection of shallow coral reef and coral community habitats in some areas of the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) region, particularly non-offshore islands in Ecuador, Panama and Costa Rica. The newly created Las Perlas marine protected area (1688 km 2), the second largest archipelago in the TEP, fills a regional conservation gap for the protection of reefs and potentially becomes the second highest coral diversity area in the MCCTEP. This study describes the distribution of live coral cover and species alpha-diversity over 307 ha of shallow coral reefs and coral communities in the Las Perlas Archipelago. Nineteen scleractinian and 38 octocorals were observed, including species previously thought to be uncommon. Although coral communities generally had a greater number of species than coral reefs, species richness did not differ between habitats. However, their coral and octocoral composition and benthic makeup (coral cover, macroalgae, sponge, etc.) differed. The reefs had higher live coral cover (61.2%) and lower algal cover (32.5%) than the coral communities (26.0% and 65.7%, respectively). Octocorals were more common in the communities than on the reefs. There was a negative relationship between live coral cover and species richness, low to moderate cover generally coinciding with coral community sites and higher species richness. Areas are recommended for marine reserve zoning within the new Las Perlas marine protected area to ensure the protection of important habitats and maintenance of diversity in the TEP, both highlighting the importance of the southern islands of the archipelago for coral diversity and the northern islands for their high live coral cover. Review of the representativeness of regional coral diversity would facilitate better design of small-scale reserves across the TEP, following comparable survey methods. C1 [Guzman, Hector M.; Breedy, Odalisca] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Benfield, Sarah] Argyll & Bute Council, Marine & Coastal Dev Unit, Oban PA34 4LF, Argyll, England. [Breedy, Odalisca] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar Limnol, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Breedy, Odalisca] Univ Costa Rica, Museo Zool, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Mair, James M.] Heriot Watt Univ, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Biotechnol, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Guzman, HM (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM guzmanh@si.edu NR 47 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 30 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 EI 1469-4387 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1017/S0376892908004542 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 312ZE UT WOS:000256710100008 ER PT J AU Hunt, G Bell, MA Travis, MP AF Hunt, Gene Bell, Michael A. Travis, Matthew P. TI Evolution toward a new adaptive optimum: Phenotypic evolution in a fossil stickleback lineage SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE adaptive evolution; adaptive landscape; neutral evolution; random walk; stickleback; time series; Orstein-Uhlenbeck process ID THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; NATURAL-SELECTION; PELVIC REDUCTION; STABILIZING SELECTION; RANDOM-WALKS; DIVERGENCE; RATES; MICROEVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; CHARACTERS AB Natural selection has almost certainly shaped many evolutionary trajectories documented in fossil lineages, but it has proven difficult to demonstrate this claim by analyzing sequences of evolutionary changes. In a recently published and particularly promising test case, an evolutionary time series of populations displaying armor reduction in a fossil stickleback lineage could not be consistently distinguished from a null model of neutral drift, despite excellent temporal resolution and an abundance of indirect evidence implicating natural selection. Here, we revisit this case study, applying analyses that differ from standard approaches in that: (1) we do not treat genetic drift as a null model, and instead assess neutral and adaptive explanations on equal footing using the Akaike Information Criterion; and (2) rather than constant directional selection, the adaptive scenario we consider is that of a population ascending a peak on the adaptive landscape, modeled as an Orstein-Uhlenbeck process. For all three skeletal features measured in the stickleback lineage, the adaptive model decisively outperforms neutral evolution, supporting a role for natural selection in the evolution of these traits. These results demonstrate that, at least under favorable circumstances, it is possible to infer in fossil lineages the relationship between evolutionary change and features of the adaptive landscape. C1 [Hunt, Gene] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Bell, Michael A.; Travis, Matthew P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Hunt, G (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hunte@si.edu; mabell@life.bio.sunysb.edu; travism@rowan.edu RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 NR 58 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD MAR PY 2008 VL 62 IS 3 BP 700 EP 710 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00310.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 270ZL UT WOS:000253758600018 PM 18081713 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ Pena, JE Acevedo, FE AF Gagne, Raymond J. Pena, Jorge E. Acevedo, Flor E. TI A new lestodiplosine (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) preying on the avocado lace bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Heteroptera : Tingidae) in Southern Florida SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE gall midge; predator; avocado lace bug; Persea americana AB A species new to science, Tingidoletes praelonga Gagne (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), was recently discovered preying on the avocado lace bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann) (Heteroptera: Tingidae), in Florida, USA. A new genus is described to receive the new species. C1 [Gagne, Raymond J.] USDA ARS, PSI, Syst Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Acevedo, Flor E.] Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, MRC-168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rgagne@sel.bare.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2008)091[0043:ANLDCP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282VQ UT WOS:000254595700008 ER PT J AU Angelier, F Bost, CA Giraudeau, M Bouteloup, G Dano, S Chastel, O AF Angelier, Frederic Bost, Charles-Andre Giraudeau, Mathieu Bouteloup, Guillaume Dano, Stephanie Chastel, Olivier TI Corticosterone and foraging behavior in a diving seabird: The Adelie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE corticosterone; foraging success; foraging effort; satellite tracking; time-depth-recorder; penguin ID ZONOTRICHIA-LEUCOPHRYS-GAMBELII; LINE PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; SWALLOWS HIRUNDO-RUSTICA; LONG-LIVED BIRD; PELAGIC SEABIRD; BODY CONDITION; BASE-LINE; FOOD AVAILABILITY; KING PENGUINS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE AB Because hormones mediate physiological or behavioral responses to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli, they can help us understand how animals adapt their foraging decisions to energetic demands of reproduction. Thus, the hormone corticosterone deserves specific attention because of its influence on metabolism, food intake and locomotor activities. We examined the relationships between baseline corticosterone levels and foraging behavior or mass gain at sea in a diving seabird, the Adelie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae. Data were obtained from free-ranging penguins during the brooding period (Adelie Land, Antarctica) by using satellite transmitters and time-depth-recorders. The birds were weighed and blood sampled before and after a foraging trip (pre-trip and post-trip corticosterone levels, respectively). Penguins with elevated pre-trip corticosterone levels spent less time at sea and stayed closer to the colony than penguins with low pre-trip corticosterone levels. These short trips were associated with a higher foraging effort in terms of diving activity and a lower mass gain at sea than long trips. According to previous studies conducted on seabird species, these results suggest that penguins with elevated pre-trip corticosterone levels might maximize the rate of energy delivery to the chicks at the expense of their body reserves. Moreover, in all birds, corticosterone levels were lower post-foraging than pre-foraging. This decrease could result from either the restoration of body reserves during the foraging trip or from a break in activity at the end of the foraging trip. This study demonstrates for the first time in a diving predator the close relationships linking foraging behavior and baseline corticosterone levels. We suggest that slight elevations in pre-trip corticosterone levels could play a major role in breeding effort by facilitating foraging activity in breeding seabirds. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Angelier, Frederic; Bost, Charles-Andre; Giraudeau, Mathieu; Bouteloup, Guillaume; Dano, Stephanie; Chastel, Olivier] CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, Deux Sevres, France. RP Angelier, F (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM angelier@si.edu NR 101 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 156 IS 1 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.12.001 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 273HV UT WOS:000253921900015 PM 18221738 ER PT J AU Grant, JA Irwin, RP Grotzinger, JP Milliken, RE Tornabene, LL McEwen, AS Weitz, CM Squyres, SW Glotch, TD Thomson, BJ AF Grant, John A. Irwin, Rossman P., III Grotzinger, John P. Milliken, Ralph E. Tornabene, Livio L. McEwen, Alfred S. Weitz, Catherine M. Squyres, Steven W. Glotch, Timothy D. Thomson, Brad J. TI HiRISE imaging of impact megabreccia and sub-meter aqueous strata in Holden Crater, Mars SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mars; stratigraphy; aqueous; megabreccia ID EVOLUTION AB High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images of Holden crater, Mars, resolve impact megabreccia unconformably overlain by sediments deposited during two Noachian-age phases of aqueous activity. A lighter-toned lower unit exhibiting phyllosilicates was deposited in a long-lived, quiescent distal alluvial or lacustrine setting. An overlying darker-toned and often blocky upper unit drapes the sequence and was emplaced during later high-magnitude flooding as an impounded Uzboi Vallis lake overtopped the crater rim. The stratigraphy provides the first geologic context for phyllosilicate deposition during persistent wet and perhaps habitable conditions on early Mars. C1 [Grant, John A.; Irwin, Rossman P., III] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Grotzinger, John P.; Milliken, Ralph E.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Tornabene, Livio L.; McEwen, Alfred S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Weitz, Catherine M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Squyres, Steven W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glotch, Timothy D.; Thomson, Brad J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Grant, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Glotch, Timothy/B-6829-2008; OI Thomson, Bradley/0000-0001-8635-8932 NR 21 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1130/G24340A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 270WN UT WOS:000253751000001 ER PT J AU Kondratas, R AF Kondratas, Ramunas TI Eloge - Audrey Blyman Davis, 9 November 1933-29 August 2006 SO ISIS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Med & Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kondratas, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Med & Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 99 IS 1 BP 135 EP 137 DI 10.1086/589414 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 291VN UT WOS:000255225300008 ER PT J AU Pisano, DA AF Pisano, Dominick A. TI Blind landings: Low-visibility operations in American aviation, 1918-1958 SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Pisano, Dominick A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Pisano, DA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 99 IS 1 BP 194 EP 196 DI 10.1086/589372 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 291VN UT WOS:000255225300055 ER PT J AU Needell, AA AF Needell, Allan A. TI American hegemony and the postwar reconstruction of science in Europe SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Needell, Allan A.] Natl Air & Space Museum, Smithsonian Inst, Space Hist Dept, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Needell, AA (reprint author), Natl Air & Space Museum, Smithsonian Inst, Space Hist Dept, 6th and Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD MAR PY 2008 VL 99 IS 1 BP 217 EP 218 DI 10.1086/589393 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 291VN UT WOS:000255225300076 ER PT J AU Ashenberg, J AF Ashenberg, Joshua TI Conceptual study of gondola stabilization in a balloon system SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID ATTITUDE-CONTROL; DYNAMICS AB Pointing stabilization of a gondola carried by a stratospheric balloon is a challenging problem due to upper atmospheric winds and due to the multibody nature of the balloon system. The gondola provides a platform for a scientific experiment that requires point stabilization. The experiment apparatus is inside a capsule attached to the gondola base. The proposed actuator is a displacement mechanism that moves the capsule along the gondola base. The current paper presents a feasibility study of this concept. The flight dynamic model of the balloon system is formulated and analyzed, and a preliminary, investigation of feasible control logic is presented and tested. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Geoastron Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ashenberg, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Geoastron Div, 60 Garden St,Mail Stop 80, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 486 EP 492 DI 10.2514/1.29710 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 285FB UT WOS:000254761600016 ER PT J AU Kalkofen, W AF Kalkofen, Wolfgang TI Wave heating of the solar chromosphere SO JOURNAL OF ASTROPHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Challenges for Solar Cycle 24 CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL Ahmedabad, INDIA SP Int Advisory Comm, Sci Org Comm DE Sun : chromosphere, oscillations; heating and dynamics; acoustic waves; magnetic waves ID ACOUSTIC-WAVES; OSCILLATIONS; NETWORK; ATMOSPHERE; CA; DYNAMICS AB The nonmagnetic interior of supergranulation cells has been thought since the 1940s to be heated by the dissipation of acoustic waves. But all attempts to measure the acoustic flux have failed to show sufficient energy for chromospheric heating. Recent space observations with TRACE, for example, have found 10% or less of the necessary flux. To explain the missing energy it has been speculated that the nonmagnetic chromosphere is heated mainly by waves related to the magnetic field. If that were correct, the whole chromosphere, magnetic as well as nonmagnetic, would be heated mainly by waves related to the magnetic field. But contrary to expectation, the radiation emerging from the nonmagnetic chromosphere shows none of the signatures of magnetic waves, only those of acoustic waves. Nearly all the heating of the nonmagnetic chromosphere must therefore be due to acoustic waves. In the magnetic network on the boundary of supergranulation cells, on the other hand, the small filling factor of the magnetic field in the photosphere implies that only a small fraction of the wave flux that travels upward to heat the chromosphere can be channeled by the magnetic field. Hence, while some of the energy that is dissipated in the magnetic network is in the form of magnetic waves, most of it must be in the form of acoustic waves. Thus, the quiet solar chromosphere, instead of being heated mainly by magnetic waves throughout, must be heated mainly by acoustic waves throughout. The full wave flux heating the quiet chromosphere must travel through the photosphere. In the nonmagnetic medium, this flux is essentially all in the form of acoustic waves; TRACE registers at most 10% of it, perhaps because of limited spatial resolution. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kalkofen, W (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wolf@cfa.harvard.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0250-6335 J9 J ASTROPHYS ASTRON JI J. Astrophys. Astron. PD MAR-JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s12036-008-0020-3 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 345KU UT WOS:000258996500020 ER PT J AU Strachan, L AF Strachan, Leonard TI Ultraviolet spectroscopic observations of coronal streamers in the SOHO era SO JOURNAL OF ASTROPHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Challenges for Solar Cycle 24 CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL Ahmedabad, INDIA SP Int Advisory Comm, Sci Org Comm DE Sun; corona; ultraviolet ID SOLAR MINIMUM; SPECTROMETER AB Measurements made with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory can be used to determine physical parameters in the solar corona such as hydrogen and ion kinetic temperatures, electron densities, and absolute elemental abundances. Hydrogen and ion outflow velocities can be determined by combining the UV spectroscopic measurements with white light polarized brightness measurements. These combined measurements can be used to reveal physical characteristics of coronal streamers. To date we have studied plasma properties, such as the variation of plasma outflows in quiescent streamers, primarily in classic helmet streamers at solar minimum. Outflows have not been observed in the centers of coronal streamers suggesting that these are closed magnetic field regions. We propose to study all of the coronal streamers in the UVCS synoptic dataset in order to investigate different types of streamers and their long-term evolution. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Strachan, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lstrachan@cfa.harvard.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0250-6335 J9 J ASTROPHYS ASTRON JI J. Astrophys. Astron. PD MAR-JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s12036-008-0021-2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 345KU UT WOS:000258996500021 ER PT J AU Kohl, JL Jain, R Cranmer, SR Gardner, LD Pradhan, AK Raymond, JC Strachan, L AF Kohl, John L. Jain, Rajmal Cranmer, Steven R. Gardner, Larry D. Pradhan, Anil K. Raymond, John C. Strachan, Leonard TI Next generation UV coronagraph instrumentation for solar cycle-24 SO JOURNAL OF ASTROPHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Challenges for Solar Cycle 24 CY JAN 22-25, 2007 CL Ahmedabad, INDIA SP Int Advisory Comm, Sci Org Comm DE solar instrumentation; solar spectroscopy; solar corona; solar wind; coronal mass ejections AB Ultraviolet coronagraph observations of the extended solar corona (defined here as 1.5 to 10 solar radii from Sun-center) have become a powerful tool for obtaining detailed empirical descriptions of coronal holes, streamers, and coronal mass ejections. The empirical models resulting from ultraviolet coronagraph observations provide the constraints needed to test and guide theoretical models aimed at determining the physical processes that control solar wind acceleration, CME heating and acceleration, and solar energetic particle (SEP) acceleration. Measurements to date from sounding rockets, the shuttle deployed Spartan 201 satellite and the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) have utilized high resolution spectroscopy over a very limited instantaneous field of view. New concepts for next generation instrumentation include imaging ultraviolet spectro-coronagraphs and large aperture ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometers. An imaging instrument would be the first to obtain absolute spectral line intensities of the extended corona over a wide field of view. Such images would provide the absolute intensities of spectral lines that can be used to determine densities and outflow velocities of specific coronal ions. Measurements from several charge states of a given element will allow electron temperatures to be determined. These measurements combined with observations of H I Ly alpha provide absolute chemical abundances (relative to hydrogen) for observed elements. Ultraviolet imaging would be highly complementary to a large-aperture ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer designed for high spectral resolution observations over a small instantaneous field of view. The images would be used to select targets for more detailed spectroscopic studies with the large aperture UV coronagraph spectrometer and to provide time dependent empirical descriptions of the regions surrounding the narrow instantaneous field of view of the large aperture instrument. Descriptions of both the imaging ultraviolet spectro-coronagraph and the large aperture ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer are provided. Recommended co-observing instruments are described. C1 [Kohl, John L.; Cranmer, Steven R.; Gardner, Larry D.; Raymond, John C.; Strachan, Leonard] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jain, Rajmal] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Pradhan, Anil K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, McPherson Lab 4055, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kohl, JL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jkohl@cfa.harvard.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0250-6335 J9 J ASTROPHYS ASTRON JI J. Astrophys. Astron. PD MAR-JUN PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s12036-008-0042-x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 345KU UT WOS:000258996500042 ER PT J AU Stanley, JD Bernasconi, MP Jorstad, TE AF Stanley, Jean-Daniel Bernasconi, Maria Pia Jorstad, Thomas E. TI Pelusium, an ancient port fortress on Egypt's Nile Delta coast: Its evolving environmental setting from foundation to demise SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE byzantine; coastline migration; Egyptian history; fauna; frontier; Greek; Nile Delta; Nile River; Pelusiac branch; Pelusiac Line; Persian; relative sea level; Roman; sebkha; Sinai; subsidence; uplift; vertical tectonics ID MOLLUSCAN BIOFACIES; FAUNAS; SHELF AB This study documents the evolution of the coastal site on which an ancient port fortress, Pelusium, was positioned in the NE corner of Egypt's Nile Delta. Focus is on the stratigraphy, petrology, and faunal assemblages of radiocarbon-dated core sections recovered at major ruins at the site. The late Holocene development of this margin surface is unusual in that it has been subject to important geologically recent uplift since the city's founding, in contrast to predominant subsidence and relative sea-level rise that characterize most of the delta margin west of Pelusium. Vertical tectonics resulted from displacement along the Pelusiac Line, a major structural feature several kilometers south of Pelusium. The geoarchaeological survey shows the was built with ready access to the Mediterranean, after tectonic uplift, from similar to 1000 to 800 BC. It was then, when Egypt was subject to Assyrian control, that the margin evolved from an open shallow marine (prodelta, delta-front) setting to a coastal one. The city's progressive decline was influenced by warfare with Persians and other invaders from the east, effects of plague, and diminished role of its commercial and trade activities following construction of Alexandria by the Greeks. However, Pelusium's eventual demise also resulted from natural factors, especially tectonically controlled motion of the lower delta plain. Vertical shifts around 800-850 AD and subsequent periods resulted in rapid coastal build-out north of Pelusium. This caused a cutoff of the city from the sea and the Nile's Pelusiac branch, the major navigational byway into the delta. Pelusium, after approximately 800-850 AD, continued as a commercial center for an additional three to four centuries prior to its abandonment by the time of the Crusades. Submergence of the city on the delta margin by rise of relative sea level has been effectively counteracted by episodic fault-related uplift of this lower plain sector and continued subaerial exposure since Byzantine time. C1 [Stanley, Jean-Daniel; Jorstad, Thomas E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Geoarchaeol Program Paleobiol E 205, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Bernasconi, Maria Pia] Univ Calabria, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. RP Stanley, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Geoarchaeol Program Paleobiol E 205, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stanleyd@si.edu NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 451 EP 462 DI 10.2112/07A-0021.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 280EN UT WOS:000254408100016 ER PT J AU Seid, MA Wehner, R AF Seid, Marc A. Wehner, Ruediger TI Ultrastructure and synaptic differences of the boutons of the projection neurons between the lip and collar regions of the mushroom bodies in the ant, Cataglyphis albicans SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE synapse; insect brain; Formicidae; axonal bouton; vision; olfaction ID ANTENNAL LOBE; BRAIN; HONEYBEE; BODY; ORGANIZATION; CONNECTIONS; INFORMATION; MECHANISMS; MICROSCOPY; SYNAPSES AB The mushroom bodies of insects are viewed as key neuropils for sensory integration and perhaps learning and memory. In Hymenoptera, particularly ants, the calyx of the mushroom bodies is divided into two main regions, the lip and the collar. Although most ants are highly dependent on olfaction and have enlarged calyces comprised mostly of lip, some ant groups are also highly visual and have well-developed collars. The desert ant Cataglyphis albicans, known for its navigational abilities, shifts from the dark olfactory demanding nest interior to the visually demanding desert environment, and unlike many other ants their mushroom bodies are comprised of both a well-developed lip and collar. In this study, using electron microscope serial-sectioning and 3D-reconstructions, we show that axonal processes that innervate the lip and collar are inherently different in structure and synaptic connectivity. The boutons of the lip are larger, with more synaptic vesicles and larger synapses than the collar, while boutons of the collar have more postsynaptic partners per synapse. Our morphological findings suggest that the signals originating from olfactory projection neurons that innervate the lip appear stronger and more likely to propagate than signals that innervate the collar, while the signals entering the collar appear relatively weaker and are further integrated between more postsynaptic partners. We discuss the differences of the signaling properties between the lip and collar projection neurons and suggest that the greater postsynaptic integration in the collar is presumably for spatial processing for visual navigation in Cataglyphis. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1102-1108, 2008. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Seid, Marc A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 0843, Panama. [Seid, Marc A.; Wehner, Ruediger] Univ Zurich, Inst Zool, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Seid, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 0843, Panama. EM seidm@si.edu NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9967 J9 J COMP NEUROL JI J. Comp. Neurol. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 507 IS 1 BP 1102 EP 1108 DI 10.1002/cne.21600 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Zoology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Zoology GA 253MT UT WOS:000252523000007 PM 18095324 ER PT J AU Santagata, S AF Santagata, Scott TI The morphology and evolutionary significance of the ciliary fields and musculature among marine bryozoan larvae SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bryozoa; larva; musculature; cilia; Bugula; Celleporaria; Schizoporella; Sundanella; Aeverrillia; Nolella; Amathia; Crisia; F-actin; Lophotrochozoa ID BOWERBANKIA-GRACILIS CTENOSTOMATA; WATERSIPORA-ARCUATA CHEILOSTOMATA; RAPID MORPHOGENETIC MOVEMENTS; PHORONIS-PALLIDA PHORONIDA; MEMBRANIPORA-MEMBRANACEA; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CELL-LINEAGES; TROCHOPHORA LARVAE; CYPHONAUTES LARVA; ANIMAL PHYLOGENY AB Despite the embryological and anatomical disparities present among lophotrochozoan phyla, there are morphological similarities in the cellular arrangements of ciliated cells used for propulsion among the non-feeding larval forms of kamptozoans, nemerteans, annelids, mollusks, and bryozoans. Evaluating whether these similarities are the result of convergent selective pressures or a shared (deep) evolutionary history is hindered by the paucity of detailed cellular information from multiple systematic groups from lesser-known, and perhaps, basal evolutionary phyla such as the Bryozoa. Here, I compare the ciliary fields and musculature among the major morphological grades of marine bryozoan larvae using light microscopy, SEM, and confocal imaging techniques. Sampling effort focused on six species from systematic groups with few published accounts, but an additional four well-known species were also reevaluated. Review of the main larval types among species of bryozoans and these new data show that, within select, systematic groups of marine bryozoans, there is some conservation of the cellular arrangement of ciliary fields and larval musculature. However, there is much more morphological diversity in these structures than previously documented, especially among nonfeeding ctenostome larval types. This structural and functional diversification reflects species differences in the orientation of the apical disc during swimming and crawling behaviors, modification of the presumptive juvenile tissues, elongation of larval forms in the aboral-oral axis, maximizing the surface, area of cell types with propulsive cilia, and the simplification of ciliary fields and musculature within particular lineages due to evolutionary loss. Considering the embryological origins and functional plasticity of ciliated cells within bryozoan larvae, it is probable that the morphological similarities shared between the coronal cells of bryozoan larvae and the prototrochal cells of trochozoans are the result of convergent functional solutions to swimming in the plankton. However, this does not rule out cell specification pathways shared by more closely related spiralian phyla. Overall, among the morphological grades of larval bryozoans, the structural variation and arrangement of the main cell groups responsible for ciliary propulsion have been evolutionarily decoupled from the more divergent modifications of larval musculature. The structure of larval ciliary fields reflects the functional demands of swimming and substrate exploration behaviors before metamorphosis, but this is in contrast to the morphology of larval musculature and presumptive juvenile tissues that are linked to macroevolutionary differences in morphogenetic movements during metamorphosis. C1 [Santagata, Scott] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Santagata, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Lab, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM scott.santagata@gmail.com NR 75 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 269 IS 3 BP 349 EP 364 DI 10.1002/jmor.10592 PG 16 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 269KW UT WOS:000253648900008 PM 17960760 ER PT J AU Herrera-Cubilla, A Dick, MH Sanner, J Jackson, JBC AF Herrera-Cubilla, Amalia Dick, Matthew H. Sanner, Joann Jackson, Jeremy B. C. TI Neogene Cupuladriidae of tropical America. II: Taxonomy of recent Discoporella from opposite sides of the Isthmus of Panama SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRYOZOAN; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; TEMPO AB We used up to 30 morphological characters to discriminate and describe species of the genus Discoporella based on complete colony specimens collected from both coasts of the Isthmus of Panama. The characters included zooidal characters and colony-level characters such as colony size and basal granule density. Species were classified by a series of multivariate cluster and linear discriminant analyses until the majority of specimens were assigned to their putative species with high confidence. In the first phase of the analyses, the colonies were grouped by ocean (Caribbean versus eastern Pacific), discriminated predominantly by colony size and basal granule density, characters that might reflect ecophenotypic responses to different conditions in primary productivity and predation between the two oceans. Further analyses of these two groups separately resulted in the discrimination of seven species. Five new species from the Caribbean (D. scutella, D. peltifera, D. bocasdeltoroensis, D. terminata and D. triangula), and two from the eastern Pacific (D. marcusorum and D. cookae). Of these, D. cookae had been identified previously as D. umbellata, a species once considered cosmopolitan, with a range spanning the Caribbean and eastern Pacific coasts of America. With the exception of one genetically defined clade represented by only two specimens, the correspondence of classification between groups discriminated morphometrically by separate step-wise multivariate analyses and those detected by a previous genetic analysis, ranged from 91% to 100%. In analyses of all specimens combined or separated by ocean, but using the total number of characters, 20% to 30% of the specimens could not be distinguished morphometrically from extremely similar sympatric species or cognate ("geminate") species from the opposite ocean. Diversity was higher in the Caribbean compared to the eastern Pacific, which reflects a similar pattern recently described for the genus Cupuladria from the same region. C1 [Herrera-Cubilla, Amalia; Jackson, Jeremy B. C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Panama City, Panama. [Dick, Matthew H.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, COE Program Neosci Nat Hist, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Sanner, Joann] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Jackson, Jeremy B. C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Herrera-Cubilla, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Box 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM herreraa@si.edu; mhdick@nature.sci.hokudai.ac.jp; SANNERJ@si.edu; jbjackson@ucsd.edu RI Dick, Matthew/E-1327-2012 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 82 IS 2 BP 279 EP 298 DI 10.1666/06-034.1 PG 20 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 271LF UT WOS:000253789200005 ER PT J AU Lucic, K Bernstein, B AF Lucic, Karen Bernstein, Bruce TI In pursuit of the ceremonial: The laboratory of anthropology's "master collection" of Zuni pottery SO JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST LA English DT Article ID SMITHSONIAN-INSTITUTION; PUEBLO C1 [Lucic, Karen] Vassar Coll, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 USA. [Bernstein, Bruce] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Indian, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Lucic, K (reprint author), Vassar Coll, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 USA. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 0894-8410 J9 J SOUTHWEST JI J. Southwest PD SPR PY 2008 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 102 PG 102 WC History SC History GA 296JP UT WOS:000255539600001 ER PT J AU Sanders, D Baron-Szabo, R AF Sanders, Diethard Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie TI Palaeoecology of solitary corals in soft-substrate habitats: the example of Cunnolites (upper Santonian, Eastern Alps) SO LETHAIA LA English DT Article DE Alps; coral; Cunnolites; palaeoecology; Upper Cretaceous ID NORTHERN CALCAREOUS ALPS; GOSAU GROUP; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; FUNGIID CORAL; PATCH REEFS; AUSTRIA; GROWTH; ENVIRONMENTS; ASSEMBLAGES; SUCCESSION AB The upper Santonian Hofergraben Member (Eastern Alps) provides an example of a soft-substrate habitat suited mainly for solitary corals (Cunnolites), for colonial forms of solitary coral-like shape (Placosmilia, Diploctenium), and for colonial corals of high sediment resistance (e.g. Actinacis, Pachygyra). The Hofergraben Member consists mainly of silty-sandy marls of wave-dominated, low-energy shore zone to shallow neritic environments. Substrates of soft to firm mud supported level-bottoms of non-rudist bivalves, gastropods, solitary corals, colonial corals, rudists, echinoids, and benthic foraminifera. Boring and/or encrustation of fossils overall are scarce. In the marls, Cunnolites is common to abundant. Both a cupolate shape and a lightweight construction of the skeleton aided the coral to keep afloat soft substrata. Cunnolites taphocoenoses are strongly dominated by small specimens (about 1-3 cm in diameter). Cunnolites was immobile and mostly died early in life upon, either, smothering during high-energy events, rapid sedimentation associated with river plumes, or by toppling and burial induced by burrowing. Comparatively few large survivor specimens may show overgrowth margins interpreted as records of partial mortality from episodic sedimentation or tilting on unstable substrate. Scattered pits and scalloped surfaces on large Cunnolites may have been produced, in some cases at least, by predators (durophagous fish?). Post-mortem, large Cunnolites provided benthic islands to corals, epifaunal bivalves and bryozoans. In a single documented case of probable in vivo contact of Cunnolites with the colonial coral Actinastraea, the latter prevailed. C1 [Sanders, Diethard] Univ Innsbruck, Fac Geo & Atmospher Sci, Inst Geol & Palaeontol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Sanders, D (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Fac Geo & Atmospher Sci, Inst Geol & Palaeontol, Innrain 52, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM diethard.g.sanders@uibk.ac.at; rosebaron@comcast.net NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-1164 J9 LETHAIA JI Lethaia PD MAR PY 2008 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2007.00039.x PG 14 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 259TT UT WOS:000252964500001 ER PT J AU Sobrino, C Ward, ML Neale, PJ AF Sobrino, Cristina Ward, Mary Love Neale, Patrick J. TI Acclimation to elevated carbon dioxide and ultraviolet radiation in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: Effects on growth, photosynthesis, and spectral sensitivity of photoinhibition SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL WEIGHTING FUNCTION; UV-B RADIATION; INORGANIC CARBON; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CO2; INHIBITION; ACQUISITION; MECHANISMS; ANHYDRASE; CYANOBACTERIA AB We studied the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations (0.03% vs. 0.1%) on light absorption, membrane permeability, growth, and carbon fixation under photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposures in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Susceptibility of photosynthesis to UVR was estimated using biological weighting functions (BWFs) for the inhibition of photosynthesis and a model that predicts primary productivity under PAR and UVR exposures. Elevated CO2 concentrations reduced chlorophyll content and increased chlorophyll specific cross section, carbon fixation per chlorophyll, and growth rates. In addition, cells acclimated to high CO2 were more sensitive to photoinhibitory UVR than those under atmospheric levels. Sensitivity to UVR was also related to the growth light regime; despite the fact that no UVR effects were observed on growth, light absorption, or carbon fixation, cells pre-exposed to UVR showed reduced photoinhibition compared to those grown under PAR for both normal and elevated CO2 cultures. Thus, acclimation to UVR partially counteracted the increased susceptibility observed under elevated CO2 conditions. C1 [Sobrino, Cristina; Ward, Mary Love; Neale, Patrick J.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Sobrino, C (reprint author), Univ Vigo, Vigo 36310, Pontevedra, Spain. RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012; OI Sobrino, Cristina/0000-0003-0431-1220 NR 50 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 53 IS 2 BP 494 EP 505 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.2.0494 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 309ZM UT WOS:000256498700009 ER PT J AU Atil, E AF Atil, Esin TI Intimate outsiders: The Harem in Ottoman and orientalist art and travel literature SO MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Atil, Esin] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIDDLE EAST INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1761 N ST NW, CIRCULATION DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2882 USA SN 0026-3141 J9 MIDDLE EAST J JI Middle East J. PD SPR PY 2008 VL 62 IS 2 BP 352 EP 353 PG 2 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 292WQ UT WOS:000255297200019 ER PT J AU Ashton, GV Stevens, MI Hart, MC Green, DH Burrows, MT Cook, EJ Willis, KJ AF Ashton, Gail V. Stevens, Mark I. Hart, Mark C. Green, David H. Burrows, Michael T. Cook, Elizabeth J. Willis, Kate J. TI Mitochondrial DNA reveals multiple Northern Hemisphere introductions of Caprella mutica (Crustacea, Amphipoda) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; COI gene; Crustacea; marine non-native species; phylogeography; population genetics ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RANGE EXPANSION; ATLANTIC COAST; SEQUENCE DATA; CRAB; POPULATIONS; ENVIRONMENTS; ANTARCTICA; DISPERSAL AB Caprella mutica (Crustacea, Amphipoda) has been widely introduced to non-native regions in the last 40 years. Its native habitat is sub-boreal northeast Asia, but in the Northern Hemisphere, it is now found on both coasts of North America, and North Atlantic coastlines of Europe. Direct sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) was used to compare genetic variation in native and non-native populations of C. mutica. These data were used to investigate the invasion history of C. mutica and to test potential source populations in Japan. High diversity (31 haplotypes from 49 individuals), but no phylogeographical structure, was identified in four populations in the putative native range. In contrast, non-native populations showed reduced genetic diversity (7 haplotypes from 249 individuals) and informative phylogeographical structure. Grouping of C. mutica populations into native, east Pacific, and Atlantic groups explained the most among-region variation (59%). This indicates independent introduction pathways for C. mutica to the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America. Two dominant haplotypes were identified in eastern and western Atlantic coastal populations, indicating several dispersal routes within the Atlantic. The analysis indicated that several introductions from multiple sources were likely to be responsible for the observed global distribution of C. mutica, but the pathways were least well defined among the Atlantic populations. The four sampled populations of C. mutica in Japan could not be identified as the direct source of the non-native populations examined in this study. The high diversity within the Japan populations indicates that the native range needs to be assessed at a far greater scale, both within and among populations, to accurately assess the source of the global spread of C. mutica. C1 [Ashton, Gail V.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Ashton, Gail V.; Hart, Mark C.; Green, David H.; Burrows, Michael T.; Cook, Elizabeth J.; Willis, Kate J.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Res Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Ashton, Gail V.; Stevens, Mark I.] Massey Univ, Allan Wilson Ctr Mol Ecol & Evolut, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. [Stevens, Mark I.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Ashton, GV (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM ashtong@si.edu RI Green, David/E-2533-2012; Burrows, Michael/D-9844-2013; OI Green, David/0000-0001-7499-6021; Burrows, Michael/0000-0003-4620-5899; Cottier-Cook, Elizabeth /0000-0002-1466-6802 NR 65 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1303 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03668.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 267AW UT WOS:000253481600012 PM 18302689 ER PT J AU Combosch, DJ Guzman, HM Schuhmacher, H Vollmer, SV AF Combosch, David J. Guzman, Hector M. Schuhmacher, Helmut Vollmer, Steven V. TI Interspecific hybridization and restricted trans-Pacific gene flow in the Tropical Eastern Pacific Pocillopora SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corals; hybridization; ITS; Pocillopora; tropical eastern pacific ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; REEF-BUILDING CORALS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SPECIES BOUNDARIES; DNA-SEQUENCES; SEA-URCHINS; DAMICORNIS AB Coral reefs in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) are among the most isolated in the world. This isolation has resulted in relatively low species diversity but comparatively high endemism. The dominant reef-building corals of the TEP are the Pocillopora corals, a ubiquitous Indo-Pacific genus commonly regarded as inferior reef-builder. In addition to being the dominant reef-builders in the TEP, the Pocilloporids have undergone a reproductive shift from internally brooding larvae through most of their Indo-Pacific range to free-spawning in the TEP. Using genetic data from the internally transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA gene cluster, we show here that this apparent reproductive shift coincides with interspecific hybridization among TEP Pocillopora species. We document a pattern of one-way gene flow into the main TEP reef builder P. damicornis from one or both of its TEP congeners -P. eydouxi and P. elegans. Our data provide preliminary evidence that trans-Pacific gene flow in P. damicornis between the Central and Eastern Pacific is restricted as well (Phi(ST) = 0.419, P < 0.0001). In combination, these results suggest that Eastern Pacific corals exist in relative isolation from their Central Pacific counterparts and interact with each other differently via hybridization. C1 [Combosch, David J.; Vollmer, Steven V.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Combosch, David J.; Guzman, Hector M.; Vollmer, Steven V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Combosch, David J.; Schuhmacher, Helmut] Univ Duisburg Essen, Dept Biol & Geog, D-45141 Essen, Germany. RP Combosch, DJ (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, 430 Nahant Rd, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. EM combosch.d@neu.edu NR 82 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1304 EP 1312 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03672.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 267AW UT WOS:000253481600013 PM 18302690 ER PT J AU Puebla, O Bermingham, E Guichard, F AF Puebla, Oscar Bermingham, Eldredge Guichard, Frederic TI Population genetic analyses of Hypoplectrus coral reef fishes provide evidence that local processes are operating during the early stages of marine adaptive radiations SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coral reef fishes; distribution and abundance; hamlets; marine evolutionary radiations; population genetics; speciation ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; HAMLETS HYPOPLECTRUS; SERRANIDAE; SPECIATION; DIFFERENTIATION; DISPERSAL; INFERENCE; DIVERSITY; DISTANCE AB Large-scale, spatially explicit models of adaptive radiation suggest that the spatial genetic structure within a species sampled early in the evolutionary history of an adaptive radiation might be higher than the genetic differentiation between different species formed during the same radiation over all locations. Here we test this hypothesis with a spatial population genetic analysis of Hypoplectrus coral reef fishes (Serranidae), one of the few potential cases of a recent adaptive radiation documented in the marine realm. Microsatellite analyses of Hypoplectrus puella (barred hamlet) and Hypoplectrus nigricans (black hamlet) from Belize, Panama and Barbados validate the population genetic predictions at the regional scale for H. nigricans despite the potential for high levels of gene flow between populations resulting from the 3-week planktonic larval phase of Hypoplectrus. The results are different for H. puella, which is characterized by significantly lower levels of spatial genetic structure than H. nigricans. An extensive field survey of Hypoplectrus population densities complemented by individual-based simulations shows that the higher abundance and more continuous distribution of H. puella could account for the reduced spatial genetic structure within this species. The genetic and demographic data are also consistent with the hypothesis that H. puella might represent the ancestral form of the Hypoplectrus radiation, and that H. nigricans might have evolved repeatedly from H. puella through ecological speciation. Altogether, spatial genetic analysis within and between Hypoplectrus species indicate that local processes can operate at a regional scale within recent marine adaptive radiations. C1 [Puebla, Oscar; Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Puebla, Oscar; Bermingham, Eldredge; Guichard, Frederic] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. RP Puebla, O (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM oscar.puebla@mcgill.ca RI Guichard, Frederic/B-6188-2015 OI Guichard, Frederic/0000-0002-7369-482X NR 40 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1405 EP 1415 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03654.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 284JP UT WOS:000254703000005 PM 18321253 ER PT J AU Liu, HP Hershler, R AF Liu, H. -P. Hershler, R. TI Microsatellite markers for the threatened Bliss Rapids snail (Taylorconcha serpenticola) and cross-amplification in its congener, T-insperata SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Bliss Rapids snail; cross-amplification; Hydrobiidae; microsatellites; Taylorconcha insperata; Taylorconcha serpenticola AB We developed and tested microsatellite markers to investigate population structure of a threatened North American freshwater gastropod, Taylorconcha serpenticola. Of the 21 primer pairs that were evaluated, 11 were readily optimized and scored, providing amplification of 12 loci that were screened for 820 specimens from 29 populations. The number of alleles across 11 of these polymorphic loci ranged from three to 20 and the observed heterozygosity varied from 0.0061 to 0.7561. All loci yielded suitable amplification products in the second species of Taylorconcha (T. insperata) and three proved to be diagnostic for these congeners, demonstrating that these markers are also useful for species identification studies. C1 [Hershler, R.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Liu, H. -P.] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Hershler, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163, POB 37012,NHB W-305, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hershlerr@si.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 418 EP 420 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01977.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 271ZN UT WOS:000253827300044 PM 21585808 ER PT J AU Zwiers, PB Borgia, G Fleischer, RC AF Zwiers, Paul B. Borgia, Gerald Fleischer, Robert C. TI Plumage based classification of the bowerbird genus Sericulus evaluated using a multi-gene, multi-genome analysis SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE bowerbird; Sericulus; trait evolution; nuclear intron; RAG-1; Bayesian analysis; phylogeography; species concept ID BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; SEXUAL SELECTION; NEW-GUINEA; TERRANE TECTONICS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DISPLAY TRAITS; BIRDS; DIVERGENCE; EVOLUTION; PARADISE AB Past classifications of taxa within the bowerbird genus Sericulus (family: Ptilonorhynchidae) conflict since the discovery of hybrids identified though male plumage characteristics. We use molecular data to help define species within this genus, and by estimating a phylogeny, test for lability in the evolution of male plumage patterns. Because this genus includes the most brightly colored bowerbird species, and is hypothesized to be the basal genus of the avenue building bowerbird clade, the organization of the four taxa within this genus is especially important in understanding how bowerbird plumage coloration evolved. Analyses of two mitochondrial and six nuclear gene regions confirm the basal placement of Sericulus in the avenue building bowerbirds and Sericulus monophyly, and suggests the Australian S. chrysocephalus is the basal Sericulus species. Our analysis additionally supports the existence of three New Guinea Sericulus species, contrary to some previous plumage based classifications, as they are genetically equidistant from each other. Molecular and geographic data of New Guinea are consistent suggesting a series of speciation events starting approximately 3.7-4.3 MYA leading to four extant Sericulus species. The absence of resolution within the New Guinea species precludes any statements of trait lability, but does suggest that traits under high selection pressures may not accurately indicate species level distinctions within this genus. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zwiers, Paul B.; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Zwiers, Paul B.; Borgia, Gerald; Fleischer, Robert C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zwiers, PB (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, 3001 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM zwierspb@umd.edu OI Borgia, Gerald/0000-0002-2669-9548 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 923 EP 931 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.019 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 291XH UT WOS:000255230100010 PM 18207427 ER PT J AU Inda, LA Segarra-Moragues, JG Muller, J Peterson, PM Catalan, P AF Inda, Luis A. Segarra-Moragues, Jose Gabriel Mueller, Jochen Peterson, Paul M. Catalan, Pilar TI Dated historical biogeography of the temperate Loliinae (Poaceae, Pooideae) grasses in the northern and southern hemispheres SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE biogeography; divergence times; ITS and trnTF; Loliinae; northern and southern hemisphere dispersals; past reticulate history ID CHLOROPLAST DNA EVIDENCE; TRNL-F SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; FESTUCA POACEAE; DIVERGENCE TIME; HORDEUM POACEAE; NEW-ZEALAND; DATA SETS; ICE AGES; EVOLUTION AB Divergence times and biogeographical analyses have been conducted within the Loliinae, one of the largest subtribes of temperate grasses. New sequence data from representatives of the almost unexplored New World, New Zealand, and Eastern Asian centres were added to those of the pan Mediterranean region and used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the group and to calculate the times of lineage-splitting using Bayesian approaches. The traditional separation between broad-leaved and fine-leaved Festuca species was still maintained. though several new broad-leaved lineages fell within the fine-leaved clade or were placed in an unsupported intermediate position. A strong biogeographical signal was detected for several Asian-American, American, Neozeylandic, and Macaronesian clades with different affinities to both the broad and the fine-leaved Festuca. Bayesian estimates of divergence and dispersal-vicariance analyses indicate that the broad-leaved and fine-leaved Loliinae likely originated in the Miocene (13 My) in the panMediterranean-SW Asian region and then expanded towards C and E Asia from where they colonized the New World. Further expansions in America (10-3.8 My) showed a predominant migratory route from North to South (N America <-> the Andes <-> Patagonia). This late Tertiary scenario of successive colonizations and secondary polyploid radiations in the southern hemisphere from the northern hemisphere was accompanied by occasional transcontinental long-distance dispersal events between South America and New Zealand. Multiple Pliocene dispersal events (3.6-2.5 My) from the near SW European and NW African continents gave rise to the Macaronesian Loliinae flora, while a more recent Pleistocene origin (2-1 My) is hypothesized for the high polyploid lineages that successfully colonized newly deglaciated areas in both hemispheres. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Inda, Luis A.; Catalan, Pilar] Univ Zaragoza, High Polytech Sch Huesca, E-22071 Huesca, Spain. [Segarra-Moragues, Jose Gabriel] CSIC, Inst Desertificat Res, Valencia, Spain. [Mueller, Jochen] Univ Jena, Jena, Germany. [Peterson, Paul M.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Catalan, P (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, High Polytech Sch Huesca, Ctra Cuarte Km 1, E-22071 Huesca, Spain. EM pcatalan@unizar.es RI Segarra-Moragues, Jose Gabriel/I-7352-2012; Catalan, Pilar/N-7641-2014; OI Segarra-Moragues, Jose Gabriel/0000-0003-0061-8647; /0000-0001-7793-5259 NR 97 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 932 EP 957 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.022 PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 291XH UT WOS:000255230100011 PM 18226932 ER PT J AU Neilsen, J Steeghs, D Vrtilek, SD AF Neilsen, J. Steeghs, D. Vrtilek, S. D. TI The eccentric accretion disc of the black hole A0620-00 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : close; stars : individual; A0620-00 ID BINARY A0620-00; MASS; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATIONS; SUPERHUMPS AB We present spectroscopic observations of the quiescent black hole binary A0620-00 with the 6.5-m Magellan Clay telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. We measure absorption-line radial velocities of the secondary and make the most precise determination to date (K-2 = 435.4 +/- 0.5 km s(-1)). By fitting the rotational broadening of the secondary, we refine the mass ratio to q = 0.060 +/- 0.004; these results, combined with the orbital period, imply a minimum mass for the compact object of 3.10 +/- 0.04 M-circle dot. Although quiescence implies little accretion activity, we find that the disc contributes 56 +/- 7 per cent of the light in B and V, and is subject to significant flickering. Doppler maps of the Balmer lines reveal bright emission from the gas stream-disc impact point and unusual crescent-shaped features. We also find that the disc centre of symmetry does not coincide with the predicted black hole velocity. By comparison with smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations, we identify this source with an eccentric disc. With high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), we pursue modulation tomography of H alpha and find that the aforementioned bright regions are strongly modulated at the orbital period. We interpret this modulation in the context of disc precession, and discuss cases for the accretion disc evolution. C1 [Neilsen, J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Steeghs, D.; Vrtilek, S. D.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Steeghs, D.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Neilsen, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, 60 Garden St,MS-10, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jneilsen@cfa.harvard.edu; dsteeghs@cfa.harvard.edu; svrtilek@cfa.harvard.edu RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2008 VL 384 IS 3 BP 849 EP 862 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12599.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271AC UT WOS:000253760300001 ER PT J AU Hultgren, KM Stachowicz, JJ AF Hultgren, Kristin M. Stachowicz, John J. TI Alternative camouflage strategies mediate predation risk among closely related co-occurring kelp crabs SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE decorator crab; Pugettia; Epialtidae; color change; kelp forest ID DECORATING BEHAVIOR; COLOR-CHANGE; TRADE-OFFS; MAJIDAE; BRACHYURA; DEFENSES; PREY; CALIFORNIA; SELECTION; HABITATS AB Although camouflage is a common predator defense strategy across a wide variety of organisms, direct tests of the adaptive and ecological consequences of camouflage are rare. In this study, we demonstrated that closely related crabs in the family Epialtidae coexist in the same algal environment but use alternative forms of camouflage-decoration and color change-to protect themselves from predation. Decoration and color change are both plastic camouflage strategies in that they can be changed to match different habitats: decoration occurs on a short timescale (hours to days), while color change accompanies molting and occurs on longer timescales (months). We found that the species that decorated the most had the lowest magnitude of color change (Pugettia richii); the species that decorated the least showed the highest magnitude of color change (Pugettia producta), and a third species (Mimulus foliatus) was intermediate in both decoration and color change, suggesting a negative correlation in utilization of these strategies. This negative correlation between color change and decoration camouflage utilization mirrored the effectiveness of these camouflage strategies in reducing predation in different species. Color camouflage primarily reduced predation on P. producta, while decoration camouflage (but not color camouflage) reduced predation on P. richii. These results indicate there might be among-species trade-offs in utilization and/or effectiveness of these two forms of plastic camouflage, with important consequences for distribution of these species among habitats and the evolution of different camouflage strategies in this group. C1 [Hultgren, Kristin M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Marine Lab, Balboa, Panama. [Stachowicz, John J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hultgren, KM (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Marine Lab, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM hultgrenk@si.edu RI Hultgren, Kristin/F-6862-2011 NR 44 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2008 VL 155 IS 3 BP 519 EP 528 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0926-5 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277TV UT WOS:000254238500011 PM 18084779 ER PT J AU Secord, R Wing, SL Chew, A AF Secord, Ross Wing, Scott L. Chew, Amy TI Stable isotopes in early Eocene mammals as indicators of forest canopy structure and resource partitioning SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAF CARBON-ISOTOPE; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; TROPICAL DRY FOREST; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; BIGHORN BASIN; THERMAL MAXIMUM; TOOTH ENAMEL; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; WILLWOOD FORMATION; GREAT-PLAINS AB The three dimensional structure of vegetation is an important component of ecosystems, yet it is difficult to reconstruct from the fossil record. Forests or woodlands prevailed at mid-latitudes in North America during the early Eocene but tree spacing and canopy structure are uncertain. Here we use stable carbon isotope values (delta C-13) in early Eocene mammalian faunas to infer canopy structure. We compare delta C-13 values in two diverse fossil assemblages from the central Bighorn Basin to values predicted for mammals in a variety of open and closed habitats, based on modern floras and faunas. We conclude that these early Eocene faunas occupied an open canopy forest. We also use carbon and oxygen isotopes to infer diet and microhabitat. Three higher level taxa have significantly different mean delta C-13 values, and values are negatively correlated with body mass. The pattern suggests diets high in leaves for larger mammals, and fruit or other non-foliar plant organs for small ones. A preference in the larger mammals for wetter habitats with high water availability to plants may also have contributed to the pattern. C1 [Secord, Ross; Wing, Scott L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Chew, Amy] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Secord, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, 206 Dickinson Hall,Museum Rd & Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM rsecord@umich.edu OI Wing, Scott/0000-0002-2954-8905 NR 95 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0094-8373 EI 1938-5331 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD SPR PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 282 EP 300 DI 10.1666/0094-8373(2008)034[0282:SIIEEM]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 305UH UT WOS:000256202800009 ER PT J AU Zotz, G Schultz, S AF Zotz, Gerhard Schultz, Steffen TI The vascular epiphytes of a lowland forest in Panama-species composition and spatial structure SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; bromeliaceae; orchidaceae; tropical forests; san lorenzo crane site; patchiness ID PALM SOCRATEA-EXORRHIZA; RAIN-FOREST; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; TROPICAL FORESTS; TREE SIZE; DIVERSITY; RICHNESS; PATTERNS; VEGETATION; VENEZUELA AB We conducted a comprehensive census of the vascular epiphytes in a lowland forest in Panama by means of a canopy crane. In 0.4 ha of ca. 40-m tall forest, 103 species of vascular epiphytes with 13,099 individuals were found. The orchids were the most important family both in species and individual numbers, accounting alone for > 40% of all species and > 50% of all individuals. There was a clear vertical segregation of species with a concentration at intermediate heights: more than 50% of all individuals were found between 15 m and 25 m above ground. Tree species identity, tree size and the position of a tree in the forest ("space") all influenced species composition. However, none of the two environmental variables nor space alone explained more than 10% of the total variation in epiphyte assemblages in several canonical correspondence analyses. By far the largest proportion of the observed variation remained unexplained and is arguably due to mere chance. In the future, our results will be used as a baseline data-set for the direct observation of the long-term dynamics in a diverse epiphyte community. C1 [Zotz, Gerhard] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Umweltwissenschaften, AG Funktionelle Okol, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Zotz, Gerhard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Zotz, G (reprint author), Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Umweltwissenschaften, AG Funktionelle Okol, Postfach 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. EM gerhard.zotz@uni-oldenburg.de NR 47 TC 34 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 195 IS 1 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s11258-007-9310-0 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 257LN UT WOS:000252800700012 ER PT J AU Chave, J Condit, R Muller-Landau, HC Thomas, SC Ashton, PS Bunyavejchewin, S Co, LL Dattaraja, HS Davies, SJ Esufali, S Ewango, CEN Feeley, KJ Foster, RB Gunatilleke, N Gunatilleke, S Hall, P Hart, TB Hernandez, C Hubbell, SP Itoh, A Kiratiprayoon, S LaFrankie, JV de Lao, SL Makana, JR Noor, MNS Kassim, AR Samper, C Sukumar, R Suresh, HS Tan, S Thompson, J Tongco, MDC Valencia, R Vallejo, M Villa, G Yamakura, T Zimmerman, JK Losos, EC AF Chave, Jerome Condit, Richard Muller-Landau, Helene C. Thomas, Sean C. Ashton, Peter S. Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh Co, Leonardo L. Dattaraja, Handanakere S. Davies, Stuart J. Esufali, Shameema Ewango, Corneille E. N. Feeley, Kenneth J. Foster, Robin B. Gunatilleke, Nimal Gunatilleke, Savitri Hall, Pamela Hart, Terese B. Hernandez, Consuelo Hubbell, Stephen P. Itoh, Akira Kiratiprayoon, Somboon LaFrankie, James V. de Lao, Suzanne Loo Makana, Jean-Remy Noor, Md. Nur Supardi Kassim, Abdul Rahman Samper, Cristian Sukumar, Raman Suresh, Hebbalalu S. Tan, Sylvester Thompson, Jill Tongco, Ma. Dolores C. Valencia, Renato Vallejo, Martha Villa, Gorky Yamakura, Takuo Zimmerman, Jess K. Losos, Elizabeth C. TI Assessing evidence for a pervasive alteration in tropical tree communities SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNDISTURBED AMAZONIAN FORESTS; LONG-TERM PLOTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WOOD DENSITY; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; CARBON-CYCLE; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; IMPACTS; GROWTH AB In Amazonian tropical forests, recent studies have reported increases in aboveground biomass and in primary productivity, as well as shifts in plant species composition favouring fast-growing species over slow-growing ones. This pervasive alteration of mature tropical forests was attributed to global environmental change, such as an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, nutrient deposition, temperature, drought frequency, and/or irradiance. We used standardized, repeated measurements of over 2 million trees in ten large (16 - 52 ha each) forest plots on three continents to evaluate the generality of these findings across tropical forests. Aboveground biomass increased at seven of our ten plots, significantly so at four plots, and showed a large decrease at a single plot. Carbon accumulation pooled across sites was significant (+0.24 MgC ha (- 1) y (- 1), 95% confidence intervals [0.07, 0.39] MgC ha (- 1) y (- 1)), but lower than reported previously for Amazonia. At three sites for which we had data for multiple census intervals, we found no concerted increase in biomass gain, in conflict with the increased productivity hypothesis. Over all ten plots, the fastest-growing quartile of species gained biomass (+0.33 [0.09, 0.55]% y (- 1)) compared with the tree community as a whole (+0.15% y (- 1)); however, this significant trend was due to a single plot. Biomass of slow-growing species increased significantly when calculated over all plots (+0.21 [0.02, 0.37]% y (- 1)), and in half of our plots when calculated individually. Our results do not support the hypothesis that fast-growing species are consistently increasing in dominance in tropical tree communities. Instead, they suggest that our plots may be simultaneously recovering from past disturbances and affected by changes in resource availability. More long-term studies are necessary to clarify the contribution of global change to the functioning of tropical forests. C1 Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Condit, Richard; Muller-Landau, Helene C.; Davies, Stuart J.; de Lao, Suzanne Loo; Losos, Elizabeth C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Unit 0948, Panama City, Panama. [Muller-Landau, Helene C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Thomas, Sean C.] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Ashton, Peter S.; Davies, Stuart J.; Feeley, Kenneth J.] Harvard Univ Hebaria, Arnod Arboretum Asia Program, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh] Natl Pk Wildlife & Plant Conservat Dept, Chatuchak Bangkok, Thailand. [Co, Leonardo L.; Tongco, Ma. Dolores C.] Univ Philippines, Inst Biol, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. [Dattaraja, Handanakere S.; Sukumar, Raman; Suresh, Hebbalalu S.] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Ecol Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Esufali, Shameema; Gunatilleke, Nimal; Gunatilleke, Savitri] Univ Peradeniya, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. [Ewango, Corneille E. N.] Univ Missouri, Dept Bot, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Foster, Robin B.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Hall, Pamela] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hart, Terese B.; Makana, Jean-Remy] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. [Hernandez, Consuelo; Valencia, Renato; Villa, Gorky] Cathol Univ Ecuador, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Plant Ecol, Quito, Ecuador. [Hubbell, Stephen P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Itoh, Akira; Yamakura, Takuo] Osaka City Univ, Fac Sci, Plant Ecol Lab, Osaka 558, Japan. [Kiratiprayoon, Somboon] Thammasat Univ Randsit, Fac Sci & Technol, Klongluang, Patumtani, Thailand. [LaFrankie, James V.] Nanyang Technol Univ, Asia Program, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Singapore, Singapore. [Noor, Md. Nur Supardi; Kassim, Abdul Rahman] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Div Forest Environm, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Samper, Cristian] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Tan, Sylvester] Sarawak Forest Dept, Forest Res Ctr, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. [Thompson, Jill; Zimmerman, Jess K.] Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR USA. [Vallejo, Martha] Inst Alexander Von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia. RP Chave, J (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM chave@cict.fr RI Thomas, Sean/B-6089-2008; Feeley, Kenneth/A-7631-2009; Thompson, Jill/K-2200-2012; Raman, Sukumar/C-9809-2013 OI Thompson, Jill/0000-0002-4370-2593; NR 60 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 7 U2 56 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1545-7885 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 6 IS 3 BP 455 EP 462 AR e45 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060045 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 287PI UT WOS:000254928600007 PM 18318600 ER PT J AU Post, JE Heaney, PJ Ertl, A AF Post, Jeffrey E. Heaney, Peter J. Ertl, Andreas TI Rietveld refinement of the rancieite structure using synchrotron powder diffraction data SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article DE rancieite; Rietveld refinement; synchrotron ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE DETERMINATIONS; SYNTHETIC NA-BIRNESSITE; HEXAGONAL BIRNESSITE; RICH BIRNESSITE; MANGANATES; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; EXCHANGE; BUSERITE; MODEL AB Rietveld refinement using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data of the rancieite, Ca0.19K0.01(Mn4+ (square)(0.91)(0.09))O-2 center dot 0.63H(2)O, crystal structure reveals significant differences from that reported previously. The interlayer H2O molecules occupy sites halfway between the Mn,O octahedral sheets. The Mn sites in the octahedral sheets have 10% vacancies, and the mean Mn-O distance indicates that all Mn is tetravalent (Mn4+). The interlayer Ca cations are located above and below the Mn vacancies and are octahedrally coordinated to three O-2 atoms in the octahedral sheet and three H2O molecules in the interlayer. (c) 2008 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 [Post, Jeffrey E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Heaney, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ertl, Andreas] Univ Vienna, Geozentrum, Inst Mineral & Kristallog, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Post, JE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 BP 10 EP 14 DI 10.1154/1.2836477 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 272HQ UT WOS:000253850900004 ER PT J AU Clocchiatti, A Wheeler, JC Kirshner, RP Branch, D Challis, P Chevalier, RA Filippenko, AV Fransson, C Garnavich, P Leibundgut, B Panagia, N Phillips, MM Suntzeff, NB Hoflich, PA Gallardo, J AF Clocchiatti, Alejandro Wheeler, J. Craig Kirshner, Robert P. Branch, David Challis, Peter Chevalier, Roger A. Filippenko, Alexei V. Fransson, Claes Garnavich, Peter Leibundgut, Bruno Panagia, Nino Phillips, Mark M. Suntzeff, Nicholas B. Hoeflich, Peter A. Gallardo, Jose TI Late-time HST photometry of SN1994I: Hints of positron annihilation energy deposition SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID IC SUPERNOVA SN1994I; LIGHT CURVES; SN 1994I; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; IA SUPERNOVAE; EMISSION; MODELS; STARS; M51; CALIBRATION AB We present multicolor Hubble Space Telescope ( HST) WFPC2 broadband observations of the Type Ic SN 1994I obtained similar to 280 d after maximum light. We measure the brightness of the SN and, relying on the detailed spectroscopic database of SN 1994I, we transform the ground-based photometry obtained at early times to the HST photometric system, deriving light curves for the WFPC2 F439W, F555W, F675W, and F814W passbands that extend from 7 days before to 280 days after maximum. We use the multicolor photometry to build a quasi-bolometric light curve of SN 1994I, and compare it with similarly constructed light curves of other supernovae. In doing so, we propose and test a scaling in energy and time that allows for a more meaningful comparison of the exponential tails of different events. Through comparison with models, we find that the late-time light curve of SN 1994I is consistent with that of spherically symmetric ejecta in homologous expansion, for which the ability to trap the gamma-rays produced by the radioactive decay of Co-56 diminishes roughly as the inverse of time squared. We also find that by the time of the HST photometry, the light curve was significantly energized by the annihilation of positrons. C1 [Clocchiatti, Alejandro] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Wheeler, J. Craig] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kirshner, Robert P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Branch, David] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Challis, Peter] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Filippenko, Alexei V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fransson, Claes] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Garnavich, Peter] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Leibundgut, Bruno] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Panagia, Nino] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Panagia, Nino] INAF, Rome, Italy. [Phillips, Mark M.] Las Campanas Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Suntzeff, Nicholas B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hoeflich, Peter A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gallardo, Jose] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Ctr Rech Astron, Lyon, France. RP Clocchiatti, A (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile. EM aclocchi@astro.puc.cl; wheel@astro.as.utexas.edu; kirshner@cfa.harvard.edu; branch@phyast.nhn.ou.edu; pchallis@cfa.harvard.edu; rac5x@virginia.edu; alex@astro.berkeley.edu; fransson@astro.su.se; pgarnavi@miranda.phys.nd.edu; bleibund@eso.org; panagia@stsci.edu; mmp@lco.cl; suntzeff@physics.tamu.edu; pah@physics.fsu.edu; jose.gallardo@ens-lyon.fr NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 120 IS 865 BP 290 EP 300 DI 10.1086/533458 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 282TG UT WOS:000254589500005 ER PT J AU Nutzman, P Charbonneau, D AF Nutzman, Philip Charbonneau, David TI Design considerations for a ground-based transit search for habitable planets orbiting M dwarfs SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID LOW-MASS STARS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; HD 189733B; ATMOSPHERE; PROJECT; SENSITIVITY; PHOTOMETRY; PASSBANDS; EMISSION AB By targeting nearby M dwarfs, a transit search using modest equipment is capable of discovering planets as small as 2 R. in the habitable zones of their host stars. The MEarth Project, a future transit search, aims to employ a network of ground-based robotic telescopes to monitor M dwarfs in the northern hemisphere with sufficient precision and cadence to detect such planets. Here we investigate the design requirements for the MEarth Project. We evaluate the optimal bandpass, and the necessary field of view, telescope aperture, and telescope time allocation on a star-by-star basis, as is possible for the well-characterized nearby M dwarfs. Through these considerations, 1976 late M dwarfs ( R < 0: 33 R center dot) emerge as favorable targets for transit monitoring. Based on an observational cadence and on total telescope time allocation tailored to recover 90% of transit signals from planets in habitable zone orbits, we find that a network of 10 30 cm telescopes could survey these 1976 M dwarfs in less than three years. A null result from this survey would set an upper limit ( at 99% confidence) of 17% for the rate of occurrence of planets larger than 2 R-circle plus in the habitable zones of late M dwarfs, and even stronger constraints for planets lying closer than the habitable zone. If the true occurrence rate of habitable planets is 10%, the expected yield would be 2.6 planets. C1 [Nutzman, Philip; Charbonneau, David] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Nutzman, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 62 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 120 IS 865 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.1086/533420 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 282TG UT WOS:000254589500008 ER PT J AU Carvajal-Contreras, DR Cooke, R Jimenez, M AF Carvajal-Contreras, Diana Rocio Cooke, Richard Jimenez, Maximo TI Taphonomy at two contiguous coastal rockshelters in Panama: Preliminary observations focusing on fishing and curing fish SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID STARCH GRAINS; ADAPTATIONS; AMERICA; FORESTS; DRY AB The scarcity of animal products negatively influences nutrition in tropical inland areas, which lack large rivers. Consuming cured marine fish mitigates this deficiency. In Panama, trading cured fish from coastal to inland sites is documented ethnohistorically and can be inferred from the current archaeozoological record. Very large numbers of marine fish remains have been recovered at pre-Columbian sites located on and around Parita Bay, a mangrove-fringed estuary on the central Pacific coast. At Sitio Sierra, a farming village 12 km inland from the active marine shore, more than 70% of fish remains deposited between ca. 1800 and 1500 uncalibrated radiocarbon years BP proved to be of marine origin. Two small rock-shelters located downriver from Sitio Sierra and now 2.6 km from the marine shore (Vampiros-1 and Vampiros-2) show evidence for having been used intensively for fishing and preparing fish between ca. 2200 and 1900 BP. A prior model based on air photograph interpretation and sedimentological analyses of marine and terrigenous sediments suggest that these shelters would have been on or very near the active marine shore at this time. A much earlier occupation at Vampiros-1 dating to ca. 11,500-7700 BP corresponds to pre-agricultural (Paleoindian) and early agricultural (Early Preceramic) people who camped occasionally in this shelter when the transgressing ocean was in the process of flooding Parita Bay. No shell or bone was recovered in this earlier cultural component. In the more recent (2200-1900 BP), component abundant remains of marine mollusks and crustaceans and vertebrate bones (mostly fish) are in excellent condition. A synopsis of the geological and cultural history of the Vampiros shelters is followed by preliminary observations on the relationship between pre-Columbian human activities and these sites' formation processes, soil chemistry, bone integrity and animal species. Evidence is accruing for human impacts on fish skeletons resulting from the in situ preparation of fish (i.e., gutting, cutting and smoking) providing the opportunity to compare our archaeofaunal data with the results of Irit Zohar's ethno-archeological research, which identified how preparing fish for salting and sun-drying at present-day Panamanian fishing villages around Parita Bay affects the fish skeleton physically and proportionally. There is a strong possibility that the Vampiros shelters were used to provision inland sites like Sitio Sierra with inshore marine fish although we cannot yet ascertain the means by which coastal foodstuffs may have arrived at the latter site. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Carvajal-Contreras, Diana Rocio] Univ Calgary, Dept Archaeol, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Cooke, Richard; Jimenez, Maximo] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Carvajal-Contreras, DR (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Archaeol, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM drcarvaj@ucalgary.ca; cooker@si.edu; jimenezmax@hotmail.com NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 180 BP 90 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.08.027 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 304OL UT WOS:000256118700010 ER PT J AU Robbins, RK Lamas, G AF Robbins, Robert K. Lamas, Gerardo TI Nomenclature, variation, and the biological species concept in Lamasina (Lycaenidae : Theclinae : Eumaeini) SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ZOOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Annamaria; availability of names; columbia; ganimedes; invalid neotype ID LEPIDOPTERA AB The correct generic name for the species that belong to Eucharia Boisduval, 1870, a homonym, is either Annamaria D'Abrera & Balint, 2001, which has been considered to be unavailable, or Lamasina Robbins, 2002, a replacement name for Eucharia. A recent re-interpretation of the original description of Annamaria was incorrect, and Annamaria is confirmed as being unavailable under Article 13.1 of the Code. A proposed neotype for Papilio ganimedes Cramer, 1775 is invalidated, and a possible syntype is illustrated. Results of an analysis of variation in the Lamasina ganimedes complex are distinctly different from those previously published and provide insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that L. lathyi (Balint, 2005) is distinct under a biological species concept. Lamasina lathyi is a synonym of L. ganimedes syn. nov. Statistical evidence overwhelmingly falsifies the published hypothesis that the L. rhaptissima (Johnson, 1991) (14 males) and L. columbia (Balint, 2005) (8 females) species complexes are distinct rather than males and females of the same complex. Lamasina columbia is endemic to western Colombia. The hypothesis that L. rhapsodia (Balint, 2005) from Bolivia is a distinct species is not better supported than the hypotheses that the one known specimen of L. rhapsodia is a geographical variant or an aberrant specimen. Lamasina rhapsodia is a synonym of L rhaptissima syn. nov. Superficial similarity in ventral wing patterns in genera Paiwarria Kaye, 1904 and Lamasina is noted. A nomenclatural checklist for Lamasina is presented. C1 [Robbins, Robert K.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lamas, Gerardo] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Museo Hist Nat, Lima 14, Peru. RP Robbins, RK (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,NHB Stop 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM robbinsr@si.edu; glamasm@unmsm.edu.pe OI Lamas, Gerardo/0000-0002-3664-6730 NR 49 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ZOOLOGIA, UNIV FEDERAL PARANA PI CURITIBA PA CAIXA POSTAL 19020, CURITIBA, PARANA 81531-980, BRAZIL SN 0101-8175 J9 REV BRAS ZOOL JI Rev. Bras. Zool. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 116 EP 127 DI 10.1590/S0101-81752008000100016 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 284HM UT WOS:000254697500016 ER PT J AU Daniell, H Wurdack, KJ Kanagaraj, A Lee, SB Saski, C Jansen, RK AF Daniell, Henry Wurdack, Kenneth J. Kanagaraj, Anderson Lee, Seung-Bum Saski, Christopher Jansen, Robert K. TI The complete nucleotide sequence of the cassava (Manihot esculenta) chloroplast genome and the evolution of atpF in Malpighiales: RNA editing and multiple losses of a group II intron SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; EUPHORBIACEAE-SENSU-LATO; DNA-SEQUENCES; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; PLASTID GENOME; TRANSGENIC CHLOROPLASTS; MATERNAL INHERITANCE; ANGIOSPERM EVOLUTION; INDEPENDENT LOSSES; GENE ORGANIZATION AB The complete sequence of the chloroplast genome of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Euphorbiaceae) has been determined. The genome is 161,453 bp in length and includes a pair of inverted repeats (IR) of 26,954 bp. The genome includes 128 genes; 96 are single copy and 16 are duplicated in the IR. There are four rRNA genes and 30 distinct tRNAs, seven of which are duplicated in the IR. The infA gene is absent; expansion of IRb has duplicated 62 amino acids at the 3' end of rps19 and a number of coding regions have large insertions or deletions, including insertions within the 23S rRNA gene. There are 17 intron-containing genes in cassava, 15 of which have a single intron while two (clpP, ycf3) have two introns. The usually conserved atpF group II intron is absent and this is the first report of its loss from land plant chloroplast genomes. The phylogenetic distribution of the atpF intron loss was determined by a PCR survey of 251 taxa representing 34 families of Malpighiales and 16 taxa from closely related rosids. The atpF intron is not only missing in cassava but also from closely related Euphorbiaceae and other Malpighiales, suggesting that there have been at least seven independent losses. In cassava and all other sequenced Malphigiales, atpF gene sequences showed a strong association between C-to-T substitutions at nucleotide position 92 and the loss of the intron, suggesting that recombination between an edited mRNA and the atpF gene may be a possible mechanism for the intron loss. C1 [Daniell, Henry; Kanagaraj, Anderson; Lee, Seung-Bum] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Wurdack, Kenneth J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Saski, Christopher] Clemson Univ, Genom Inst, Biosyst Res Complex, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Jansen, Robert K.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jansen, Robert K.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Daniell, H (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd,Biomol Sci Bldg 20,Room 33, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM daniell@mail.ucf.edu RI Jansen, Robert/F-6272-2011; OI Daniell, Henry/0000-0003-4485-1176 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 63879, R01 GM063879, R01 GM063879-06] NR 94 TC 28 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 116 IS 5 BP 723 EP 737 DI 10.1007/s00122-007-0706-y PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 269EQ UT WOS:000253632700012 PM 18214421 ER PT J AU Newhouse, MJ Marra, PP Johnson, LS AF Newhouse, Michael J. Marra, Peter P. Johnson, L. Scott TI Reproductive success of House Wrens in suburban and rural landscapes SO WILSON JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; BIRDS; CONSEQUENCES; VEGETATION; DENSITY; HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION; URBANIZATION; HYPOTHESIS; PATTERNS AB We investigated the impacts of urbanization on reproductive Success of House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon). We compared reproductive effort and success for 33 nesting attempts in suburban sites (2.5-10 buildings/ha) and 43 nesting attempts in rural sites (<2.5 buildings/ha) in and around the Washington, D.C.-Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area. There were no differences in clutch initiation dates Or Clutch Sizes between suburban and rural nests. However, nestlings at suburban nests weighed less and had smaller body size prior to fledging compared to nestlings at rural nests. parental feeding rates differed between suburban and rural nests during the "early nestling stage" (day 3 to day 6), but not in the "late nestling stage" (day 8 to day 12) suggesting average quality of prey for nestlings may be lower at Suburban sites. Overall, Suburban nests fledged more young than rural nests largely because of higher rates of nest predation on rural nests. Further research on how food availability and predation affects nesting Success of House Wrens and other birds along urbanization gradients may provide important insights into impacts of urbanization on birds. C1 [Newhouse, Michael J.; Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Newhouse, Michael J.; Johnson, L. Scott] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Newhouse, MJ (reprint author), New Jersey Meadowlands Commiss, Lyndhurst, NJ 07071 USA. EM michael.newhouse@njmeadowlands.gov FU Mills Corporation FX We thank the Neighborhood Nestwatch participants for permission to work oil their property, J. Smith, R. J. Peters, and K. E. Roux for help in the field, and R. S. Ebersole for valuable comments oil the manuscript and moral support. We also thank the Mills Corporation for financial support. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 1559-4491 J9 WILSON J ORNITHOL JI Wilson J. Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 120 IS 1 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1676/06-156.1 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 346EH UT WOS:000259050800010 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Rodriguez, C Shearer, AE Morris, MR de Queiroz, K AF Gutierrez-Rodriguez, Carla Shearer, A. Eliot Morris, Molly R. de Queiroz, Kevin TI Phylogeography and monophyly of the swordtail fish species Xiphophorus birchmanni (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae) SO ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; COTTUS-GOBIO L; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; NONEQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CHONDROSTOMA-LUSITANICUM; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS AB We used sequences of the mitochondria control region to assess the distribution of genetic variation within and among populations of the poeciliid fish species Xiphophorus birchmanni. We collected 122 X. birchmanni samples from 11 sites in three drainage systems comprising the distribution of the species. We found low levels of polymorphism among aligned sequences and low levels of genetic variation within populations but high levels of genetic differentiation among populations. Haplotypes are exclusive to three river drainages (Los Hules, Calabozo and San Pedro). Mantel tests revealed correlations between geographical (both straight-line and river distances) and genetic distance, consistent with an isolation by distance scenario, while nested clade analysis suggested allopatric fragmentation between haplotypes from two of the major drainages, and isolation by distance with restricted gene flow within those drainages. Finally, monophyly of X. birchmanni is strongly supported while the previous hypothesis of the evolutionary origin of this species from X. malinche is not. C1 [Gutierrez-Rodriguez, Carla] Inst Ecol, Dept Evolut Biol, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico. [Shearer, A. Eliot; Morris, Molly R.] Ohio Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [de Queiroz, Kevin] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gutierrez-Rodriguez, C (reprint author), Inst Ecol, Dept Evolut Biol, AC Km 2-4 Antigua Carretera Coatepec 351, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico. EM carla.gutierrez@inecol.edu.mx; as257400@ohio.edu; morrism@ohiou.edu; dequeirozk@si.edu RI Gutierrez-Rodriguez, Carla/E-1559-2015; OI Morris, Molly/0000-0001-9962-2982 NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-3256 EI 1463-6409 J9 ZOOL SCR JI Zool. Scr. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 2 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00311.x PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 259TJ UT WOS:000252963500002 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. TI The need to cut China's illegal timber imports SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 29 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5867 BP 1184 EP 1184 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 267SX UT WOS:000253530600013 PM 18309061 ER PT J AU Thompson, FC AF Thompson, F. Christian TI A conspectus of New Zealand flower flies (Diptera : Syrphidae) with the description of a new genus and species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Syrphidae; generic key; checklist AB A key to the New Zealand flower fly genera is presented; one new genus (Anu Thompson, type una Thompson) and one new species (Anu una Thompson)) are described. A checklist of the flower flies of New Zealand is also included. C1 USDA, ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Thompson, FC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, NHB-0169, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM cthompso@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 72 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 29 PY 2008 IS 1716 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 270IO UT WOS:000253714700001 ER PT J AU Sandin, SA Smith, JE DeMartini, EE Dinsdale, EA Donner, SD Friedlander, AM Konotchick, T Malay, M Maragos, JE Obura, D Pantos, O Paulay, G Richie, M Rohwer, F Schroeder, RE Walsh, S Jackson, JBC Knowlton, N Sala, E AF Sandin, Stuart A. Smith, Jennifer E. DeMartini, Edward E. Dinsdale, Elizabeth A. Donner, Simon D. Friedlander, Alan M. Konotchick, Talina Malay, Machel Maragos, James E. Obura, David Pantos, Olga Paulay, Gustav Richie, Morgan Rohwer, Forest Schroeder, Robert E. Walsh, Sheila Jackson, Jeremy B. C. Knowlton, Nancy Sala, Enric TI Baselines and Degradation of Coral Reefs in the Northern Line Islands SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Effective conservation requires rigorous baselines of pristine conditions to assess the impacts of human activities and to evaluate the efficacy of management. Most coral reefs are moderately to severely degraded by local human activities such as fishing and pollution as well as global change, hence it is difficult to separate local from global effects. To this end, we surveyed coral reefs on uninhabited atolls in the northern Line Islands to provide a baseline of reef community structure, and on increasingly populated atolls to document changes associated with human activities. We found that top predators and reef-building organisms dominated unpopulated Kingman and Palmyra, while small planktivorous fishes and fleshy algae dominated the populated atolls of Tabuaeran and Kiritimati. Sharks and other top predators overwhelmed the fish assemblages on Kingman and Palmyra so that the biomass pyramid was inverted (top-heavy). In contrast, the biomass pyramid at Tabuaeran and Kiritimati exhibited the typical bottom-heavy pattern. Reefs without people exhibited less coral disease and greater coral recruitment relative to more inhabited reefs. Thus, protection from overfishing and pollution appears to increase the resilience of reef ecosystems to the effects of global warming. C1 [Sandin, Stuart A.; Konotchick, Talina; Richie, Morgan; Walsh, Sheila; Jackson, Jeremy B. C.; Knowlton, Nancy; Sala, Enric] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA USA. [Smith, Jennifer E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, National Ctr Ecol Anal & Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [DeMartini, Edward E.] Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI USA. [Dinsdale, Elizabeth A.; Pantos, Olga; Rohwer, Forest] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA USA. [Donner, Simon D.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.] Ocean Inst, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci Biogeography Team, NOAA, Waimanalo, HI USA. [Malay, Machel; Paulay, Gustav] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Natural History, Gainesville, FL USA. [Maragos, James E.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Remote Islands, Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Honolulu, HI USA. [Obura, David] CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya. [Schroeder, Robert E.] NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospheric Res, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Jackson, Jeremy B. C.; Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Sala, Enric] CSIC, Ctr dEstudis Avancats Blanes, Blanes, Spain. RP Sandin, SA (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA USA. EM esala@ucsd.edu RI Smith, Jennifer/E-5207-2013; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011; OI Obura, David/0000-0003-2256-6649 FU Moore Family Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Fairweather Foundation; National Geographic Society; Marine Managed Areas Science Project of Conservation International; Scripps Institution of Oceanography FX This research was supported by the Moore Family Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Fairweather Foundation, National Geographic Society, the Marine Managed Areas Science Project of Conservation International, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, E. Scripps, I. Gayler, and several private donors. NR 79 TC 344 Z9 348 U1 22 U2 193 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 27 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 AR e1548 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0001548 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 367XS UT WOS:000260586500001 PM 18301734 ER PT J AU Kress, WJ Erickson, DL AF Kress, W. John Erickson, David L. TI DNA barcodes: Genes, genomics, and bioinformatics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID FLOWERING PLANTS; COMMUNITY; ECOLOGY; LIFE C1 [Kress, W. John; Erickson, David L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kress, WJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC-166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM kressj@si.edu NR 17 TC 95 Z9 113 U1 8 U2 41 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 8 BP 2761 EP 2762 DI 10.1073/pnas.0800476105 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 268GQ UT WOS:000253567900004 PM 18287050 ER PT J AU Studds, CE Kyser, TK Marra, PP AF Studds, Colin E. Kyser, T. Kurt Marra, Peter P. TI Natal dispersal driven by environmental conditions interacting across the annual cycle of a migratory songbird SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE seasonal interactions; American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla); carryover effects; nonbreeding season; phenology ID NONBREEDING SEASON; GEOGRAPHIC ASSIGNMENT; SOCIAL INFORMATION; AMERICAN REDSTARTS; HABITAT OCCUPANCY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIRD; POPULATION; DISTANCE; PATTERNS AB Natal dispersal, the process through which immature individuals permanently depart their natal area in search of new sites, is integral to the ecology and evolution of animals. insights about the underlying causes of natal dispersal arise mainly from research on species whose short dispersal distances or restricted distributions make them relatively easy to track. However, for small migratory animals, the causes of natal dispersal remain poorly understood because individuals are nearly impossible to track by using conventional mark-recapture approaches. Using stable-hydrogen isotope ratios in feathers of American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) captured as immature birds and again as adults, we show that habitat use during the first tropical nonbreeding season appears to interact with latitudinal gradients in spring phenology on the temperate breeding grounds to influence the distance traveled on the initial spring migration and the direction of natal dispersal. In contrast, adult redstarts showed considerable site fidelity between breeding seasons, indicating that environmental conditions did not affect dispersal patterns after the first breeding attempt. Our findings suggest that habitat occupancy during the first nonbreeding season helps determine the latitude at which this species of Neotropical-Nearctic migratory bird breeds throughout its life and emphasize the need to understand how events throughout the annual cycle interact to shape fundamental biological processes. C1 [Studds, Colin E.] Univ Maryland, Program Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Kyser, T. Kurt] Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Studds, CE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Program Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM studdsc@si.edu RI Studds, Colin/C-3701-2012 NR 41 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 29 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 26 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 8 BP 2929 EP 2933 DI 10.1073/pnas.0710732105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 268GQ UT WOS:000253567900034 PM 18287030 ER PT J AU Leonard, JA Wayne, RK AF Leonard, Jennifer A. Wayne, Robert K. TI Native Great Lakes wolves were not restored SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hybridization; coyote; introgression; aDNA ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CANIS-LUPUS; GRAY WOLF; POPULATION; HISTORY; INFERENCE; GENETICS; MRBAYES AB Wolves from the Great Lakes area were historically decimated due to habitat loss and predator control programmes. Under the protection of the US Endangered Species Act, the population has rebounded to approximately 3000 individuals. We show that the pre-recovery population was dominated by mitochondrial DNA haplotypes from an endemic American wolf referred to here as the Great Lakes wolf. In contrast, the recent population is admixed, and probably derives also from the grey wolf (Canis lupus) of Old World origin and the coyote (Canis latrans). Consequently, the pre-recovery population has not been restored, casting doubt on delisting actions. C1 [Leonard, Jennifer A.; Wayne, Robert K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Leonard, Jennifer A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Leonard, Jennifer A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolut Biol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Leonard, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jennifer.leonard@ebc.uu.se RI Leonard, Jennifer/A-7894-2010 OI Leonard, Jennifer/0000-0003-0291-7819 NR 27 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0354 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 249FM UT WOS:000252212900032 PM 17956840 ER PT J AU Rightmyer, MG AF Rightmyer, Molly G. TI A review of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Triepeolus (Hymenoptera : Apidae). Part I SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE bee; Apoidea; Apidae; nomadinae; epeolini; brood parasite; cuckoo bee; taxonomic revision ID COCKERELL HYMENOPTERA; NESTING BIOLOGY; ANTHOPHORIDAE; DIEUNOMIA; BEHAVIOR; CRESSON; COLLETIDAE AB The cleptoparasitic bee genus Triepeolus is a widespread, species-rich group that has never been revised throughout its geographic range. Herein I review 103 species of Triepeolus, including all but those that belong to the newly defined Triepeolus verbesinae and Triepeolus simplex species groups (these will be the topic of a subsequent paper). I present three keys to the species, which together cover the genus throughout its range in the New World; the keys are to the females of North and Central America, the males and females from Eastern North America, and the males and females from South America and the Caribbean. I propose the following 37 new species: Triepeolus antiochensis, T. argentimus, T. argus, T. bimorulus, T. charlesi, T. circumculus, T. claytoni, T. cruciformis, T. diffusus, T. dilutus, T. edwardi, T. engeli, T. exilicurvus, T. flavigradus, T. fulgidus, T. griswoldi, T. interruptus, T. isohedrus, T. jennieae, T. joliae, T. lateralis, T. margaretae, T. mauropygus, T. melanarius, T. micheneri, T. nayaritensis, T. parkeri, T. partitus, T. parvidiversipes, T. parvus, T. perpictus, T. phaeopygus, T. punctoclypeus, T. quadratus, T. simulatus, T. vernus, and T. warriti, and propose the new combinations Triepeolus laticeps (Friese), Triepeolus tepanecus (Cresson) and Triepeolus zacatecus (Cresson). I newly synonymize 45 of the 169 previously proposed Triepeolus names, for a total of 51 synonymies: T. alachuensis Mitchell under T. rufithorax Graenicher; Epeolus albopictus Cockerell, E. costaricensis Friese, and E. flavocinctus Friese under T. aztecus (Cresson); T. alpestris Cockerell, T. amandus Cockerell, and T. vandykei Cockerell and Sandhouse under T. paenepectoralis Viereck; E. bardus Cresson, T. mesillae Cockerell, and T. pimarum Cockerell under T. distinctus (Cresson); T. brunneus Cockerell under T. balteatus Cockerell; T. charlottensis Mitchell under T. brittaini Cockerell; T. cirsianus Mitchell under T. donatus (Smith); T. concinnus Cockerell under T. townsendi Cockerell; T. coquilletti Cockerell, T. helianthi arizonensis Cockerell, T. helianthi pacificus Cockerell, T. lineatulus Cockerell and Sandhouse, and T. maculiventris Cockerell under T. helianthi (Robertson); T. dichropus Cockerell, T. eldredi Cockerell, T. helianthi grandior Cockerell, T. pallidiventris Cockerell and Sandhouse, T. rectangularis Cockerell, and T. wyomingensis Cockerell under T. texanus (Cresson); T. digueti Cockerell and E. nobilis Friese under T. intrepidus (Smith); T. floridanus Mitchell under T. georgicus Mitchell; T. fortis Cockerell, T. insolitus Cockerell, and T. trilobatus Cockerell under T. martini (Cockerell); T. foxii Cockerell under T. rufoclypeus (Fox); T. lestes Cockerell under T. subalpinus Cockerell; T. loganensis Cockerell and T. sandhousae Cockerell under T. fraserae Cockerell; T. nautlanus Cockerell under T. lunatus (Say); E. nigriceps Smith under T. robustus (Cresson); E. oswegoensis Mitchell under T. pectoralis (Robertson); T. perelegans Cockerell and T. trichopygus Cockerell and Timberlake under T. penicilliferus (Brues); T. signatus Hedicke under T. ventralis (Meade-Waldo); T. stricklandi Cockerell under T. subalpinus Cockerell; E. superbus Provancher and E. texanus nigripes Cockerell under T. remigatus (Fabricius); and E. utahensis Cockerell under T. heterurus (Cockerell and Sandhouse). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Rightmyer, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, MRC 188,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rightmyerm@si.edu NR 129 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 22 PY 2008 IS 1710 BP 1 EP 170 PG 170 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 266HE UT WOS:000253424300001 ER PT J AU Irwin, J Hodgkin, S Aigrain, S Bouvier, J Hebb, L Irwin, M Moraux, E AF Irwin, Jonathan Hodgkin, Simon Aigrain, Suzanne Bouvier, Jerome Hebb, Leslie Irwin, Mike Moraux, Estelle TI The Monitor project: rotation of low-mass stars in NGC 2362 - testing the disc regulation paradigm at 5 Myr SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques : photometric; surveys; stars : pre-main-sequence; stars : rotation; open clusters and associations : individual : NGC 2362 ID ORION-NEBULA-CLUSTER; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; YOUNG OPEN CLUSTERS; SPITZER OBSERVATIONS; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; STELLAR ROTATION; BROWN DWARFS; VARIABILITY; DISTANCE AB We report on the results of a time-series photometric survey of NGC 2362, carried out using the CTIO 4-m Blanco telescope and Mosaic-II detector as part of the Monitor project. Rotation periods were derived for 271 candidate cluster members over the mass range 0.1 less than or similar to M/M-circle dot less than or similar to. 1.2 The rotation period distributions show a clear mass-dependent morphology, qualitatively similar to that in NGC 2264, as would be expected from the age of this cluster. Using models of angular momentum evolution, we show that angular momentum losses over the similar to 1-5 Myr age range appear to be needed in order to reproduce the evolution of the slowest rotators in the sample from the ONC to NGC 2362, as found by many previous studies. By incorporating Spitzer IRAC mid-infrared (mid-IR) measurements, we found that three to four objects showing mid-IR excesses indicative of the presence of circumstellar discs were all slow rotators, as would be expected in the disc regulation paradigm for early pre-main-sequence angular momentum evolution, but this result is not statistically significant at present, given the extremely limited sample size. C1 [Irwin, Jonathan; Hodgkin, Simon; Irwin, Mike] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Irwin, Jonathan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Aigrain, Suzanne] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Astrophys Grp, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Bouvier, Jerome; Moraux, Estelle] Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Hebb, Leslie] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. RP Irwin, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM jmi@ast.cam.ac.uk NR 34 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 21 PY 2008 VL 384 IS 2 BP 675 EP 686 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12725.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 259HS UT WOS:000252931000020 ER PT J AU McGowan, KE Coe, MJ Schurch, MPE Corbet, RHD Galache, JL Udalski, A AF McGowan, K. E. Coe, M. J. Schurch, M. P. E. Corbet, R. H. D. Galache, J. L. Udalski, A. TI Optical and X-ray variability of two Small Magellanic Cloud X-ray binary pulsars - SXP46.6 and SXP6.85 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : emission-line, Be; Magellanic Clouds; X-rays : binaries ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; MACHO PHOTOMETRY; OUTBURSTS; ACCRETION; BEHAVIOR; PERIOD; STARS; SMC AB We present long-term optical and RXTE data of two X-ray binary pulsars in the Small Magellanic Cloud, SXP46.6 and SXP6.85. The optical light curves of both sources show substantial (similar to 0.5-0.8 mag) changes over the time-span of the observations. While the optical data for SXP6.85 do not reveal any periodic behaviour, by detrending the optical measurements for SXP46.6 we find an orbital period of similar to 137 d, consistent with results from the X-ray data. The detection of Type I X-ray outbursts from SXP46.6, combined with the fact that we also see optical outbursts at these times, implies that SXP46.6 is a high orbital eccentricity system. Using contemporaneous optical spectra of SXP46.6, we find that the equivalent width of the H alpha emission line changes over time indicating that the size of the circumstellar disc varies. By studying the history of the colour variations for SXP6.85, we find that the source gets redder as it brightens which can also be attributed to changes in the circumstellar disc. We do not find any correlation between the X-ray and optical data for SXP6.85. The results for SXP6.85 suggest that it is a low-eccentricity binary and that the optical modulations are due to the Be phenomenon. C1 [McGowan, K. E.; Coe, M. J.; Schurch, M. P. E.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Corbet, R. H. D.] Univ Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Galache, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Udalski, A.] Warsaw Univ Obsev, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. RP McGowan, KE (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM kem@astro.soton.ac.uk NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 21 PY 2008 VL 384 IS 2 BP 821 EP 826 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12762.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 259HS UT WOS:000252931000034 ER PT J AU Rasia, E Mazzotta, P Bourdin, H Borgani, S Tornatore, L Ettori, S Dolag, K Moscardini, L AF Rasia, E. Mazzotta, P. Bourdin, H. Borgani, S. Tornatore, L. Ettori, S. Dolag, K. Moscardini, L. TI X-MAS2: Study systematics on the ICM metallicity measurements SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : miscellaneous; galaxies : clusters : general; hydrodynamics; methods : numerical ID PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; INTRA-CLUSTER MEDIUM; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; METAL ENRICHMENT; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; ASCA OBSERVATIONS AB X-ray measurements of the intracluster medium metallicity are becoming more and more frequent due to the availability of powerful X-ray telescopes with excellent spatial and spectral resolutions. The information that can be extracted from measurements of the alpha-elements, such as oxygen, magnesium, and silicon, with respect to the iron abundance is extremely important to a better understanding of stellar formation and its evolutionary history. In this paper we investigate possible source of bias or systematic effects connected to the plasma physics when recovering metal abundances from X-ray spectra. To do this, we analyze six simulated galaxy clusters processed through the new version of our X-Ray Map Simulator (X-MAS), which allows us to create mock XMM-Newton EPIC MOS1 and MOS2 observations. By comparing the spectroscopic results inferred from the X-ray spectra to the expected values directly obtained from the original simulation, we find that (1) the iron is recovered with high accuracy for both hot (T > 3 keV) and cold (T < 2 keV) systems; at intermediate temperatures, however, we find a systematic overestimate, which depends inversely on the number counts; (2) oxygen is well recovered in cold clusters, while in hot systems the X-ray measurement may overestimate the true value by a up to a factor of 2-3; (3) being a weak line, the measurement of magnesium is always difficult; despite this, for cold systems (i. e., with T < 2 keV) we do not find any systematic behavior, while for very hot systems (i. e., with T > 5 keV) the spectroscopic measurement may strongly overestimate the true value by up to a factor of 4; and (4) silicon is well recovered for all the clusters in our sample. We investigate in detail the nature of the systematic effects and biases found in performing XSPEC simulations. We conclude that they are mainly connected with the multitemperature nature of the projected observed spectra and to the intrinsic limitation of the XMM-Newton EPIC spectral resolution, which does not always allow disentangling the emission lines produced by different elements. C1 [Rasia, E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rasia, E.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Mazzotta, P.; Bourdin, H.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Mazzotta, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Borgani, S.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Astron, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. [Borgani, S.] Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. [Borgani, S.] Natl Inst Nucl Phys, INFN, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. [Tornatore, L.] SISSA, Int Sch Adv Studies, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. [Ettori, S.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Dolag, K.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Munich, Germany. [Moscardini, L.] INFN, Sezione Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Rasia, E (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rasia@umich.edu RI Ettori, Stefano/N-5004-2015; Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016; OI Ettori, Stefano/0000-0003-4117-8617; Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748; rasia, elena/0000-0003-4175-002X; Borgani, Stefano/0000-0001-6151-6439 NR 78 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 2 BP 728 EP 741 DI 10.1086/524345 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RK UT WOS:000253454500010 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, JL Wu, YL Le Floch, E Charmandaris, V Ashby, MLN Houck, JR Salzer, JJ Willner, SP AF Rosenberg, J. L. Wu, Yanling Le Floch, Emeric Charmandaris, V. Ashby, M. L. N. Houck, J. R. Salzer, J. J. Willner, S. P. TI Dust properties and star formation rates in star-forming dwarf galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : abundances; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID INTERNATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON EMISSION; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; O-II; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; MIDINFRARED SPECTRA AB We have used the Spitzer Space Telescope to study the dust properties of a sample of star-forming dwarf galaxies. The differences in the mid-infrared spectral energy distributions for these galaxies, which, in general, are low-metallicity systems, indicate differences in the physical properties, heating, and/or distribution of the dust. Specifically, these galaxies have more hot dust and/or very small grains and less PAH emission than either spiral or higher luminosity starburst galaxies. As has been shown in previous studies, there is a gradual decrease in PAH emission as a function of metallicity. Because much of the energy from star formation in galaxies is reradiated in the mid-infrared, star formation rate indicators based on both line and continuum measurements in this wavelength range are coming into more common usage. We show that the variations in the interstellar medium properties of galaxies in our sample, as measured in the mid-infrared, result in over an order of magnitude spread in the computed star formation rates. C1 [Rosenberg, J. L.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rosenberg, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wu, Yanling; Houck, J. R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Le Floch, Emeric] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Charmandaris, V.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece. [Ashby, M. L. N.; Willner, S. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Salzer, J. J.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Astron, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Rosenberg, JL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jrosenb4@gmu.edu RI Charmandaris, Vassilis/A-7196-2008; Wu, Yanling/A-1261-2010 OI Charmandaris, Vassilis/0000-0002-2688-1956; NR 67 TC 17 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 2 BP 814 EP 830 DI 10.1086/524975 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RK UT WOS:000253454500015 ER PT J AU Foster, JB Roman-Zuniga, CG Goodman, AA Lada, EA Alves, J AF Foster, Jonathan B. Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G. Goodman, Alyssa A. Lada, Elizabeth A. Alves, Joao TI Hunting galaxies to (and for) extinction SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; galaxies : fundamental parameters; ISM : structure; stars : pre-main-sequence ID NEAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; SPITZER C2D SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; NUMBER COUNTS; DENSITY-MEASUREMENTS; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; MASS FUNCTION; T-DWARF AB In studies of star-forming regions, near-infrared excess (NIRX) sources - objects with intrinsic colors redder than normal stars - constitute both signal (young stars) and noise (e. g., background galaxies). We hunt down (identify) galaxies using near-infrared observations in the Perseus star-forming region by combining structural information, colors, and number density estimates. Galaxies at moderate redshifts (z = 0.1-0.5) have colors similar to young stellar objects (YSOs) at both near- and mid-infrared (e. g., Spitzer) wavelengths, which limits our ability to identify YSOs from colors alone. Structural information from high-quality near-infrared observations allows us to better separate YSOs from galaxies, rejecting two out of five of the YSO candidates identified from Spitzer observations of our regions and potentially extending the YSO luminosity function below K of 15 mag where galaxy contamination dominates. Once they are identified we use galaxies as valuable extra signals for making extinction maps of molecular clouds. Our new iterative procedure, the galaxies near-infrared color excess method revisited (GNICER), uses the mean colors of galaxies as a function of magnitude to include them in extinction maps in an unbiased way. GNICER increases the number of background sources used to probe the structure of a cloud, decreasing the noise and increasing the resolution of extinction maps made far from the galactic plane. C1 [Foster, Jonathan B.; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G.; Goodman, Alyssa A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G.; Alves, Joao] Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Calar Alto Observ, Almeria 04004, Spain. [Lada, Elizabeth A.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Foster, JB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Goodman, Alyssa/A-6007-2010; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/F-6602-2016; OI Goodman, Alyssa/0000-0003-1312-0477; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/0000-0001-8600-4798; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 2 BP 831 EP 845 DI 10.1086/524979 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RK UT WOS:000253454500016 ER PT J AU Franklin, J Snell, RL Kaufman, MJ Melnick, GJ Neufeld, DA Hollenbach, DJ Bergin, EA AF Franklin, Jonathan Snell, Ronald L. Kaufman, Michael J. Melnick, Gary J. Neufeld, David A. Hollenbach, David J. Bergin, Edwin A. TI SWAS observations of water in molecular outflows SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : molecules; stars : formation; stars : winds; outflows ID WAVE-ASTRONOMY-SATELLITE; SERPENS CLOUD CORE; ORION-KL; C-I; VAPOR EMISSION; STAR-FORMATION; LINE SURVEY; HH 24-26; GAS; H2O AB We present detections of the ground-state 1(10) -> 1(01) transition of ortho-H2O at 557 GHz in 18 molecular outflows based on data from the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS). These results are combined with ground-based observations of the J = 1-0 transitions of (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13 obtained at the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory (FCRAO). Data from Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) for a subset of the outflows are also discussed. Assuming that the SWAS water-line emission originates from the same gas traced by CO emission, we find that the outflowing gas in most outflows has an ortho-H2O abundance relative to H-2 of between similar to 10(-7) and 10(-6). Analysis of the water abundance as a function of outflow velocity reveals a strong dependence. The abundance of ortho-H2O increases with velocity, and at the highest outflow velocities some of the outflows have relative ortho-H2O abundances of order 10(-4). However, the mass of very high velocity gas with such elevated H2O abundances represents less than 1% of the total outflow gas mass. The ISO LWS observations of high-J rotational lines of CO and the 179.5 mu m transition of ortho-H2O provide evidence for a warmer outflow component than required to produce either the SWAS or FCRAO lines. The ISO line-flux ratios can be reproduced with C-shock models with shock velocities of order 25 km s(-1) and pre-shock densities of order 10(5) cm(-3); these C-shocks have postshock relative water abundances greater than 10(-4). The mass associated with the ISO emission is also quite small compared with the total outflow mass and is similar to that responsible for the highest velocity water emission detected by SWAS. Although the gas responsible for the ISO emission has elevated levels of water, the bulk of the outflowing gas has an abundance of ortho-H2O well below what would be expected if the gas has passed through a C-shock with shock velocities greater than 10 km s(-1). Gas-phase water can be depleted in the postshock gas due to freezeout onto grain mantles; however, the rate of freezeout is too slow to explain our results. Therefore, we believe that only a small fraction of the outflowing molecular gas has passed through shocks strong enough to fully convert the gas-phase oxygen to water. This result has implications for the acceleration mechanism of the molecular gas in these outflows. C1 [Franklin, Jonathan; Snell, Ronald L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Kaufman, Michael J.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Melnick, Gary J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Neufeld, David A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hollenbach, David J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bergin, Edwin A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Franklin, J (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, LGRT 619,710 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 54 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 2 BP 1015 EP 1031 DI 10.1086/524924 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RK UT WOS:000253454500028 ER PT J AU Padmanabhan, N Schlegel, DJ Finkbeiner, DP Barentine, JC Blanton, MR Brewington, HJ Gunn, JE Harvanek, M Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Johnston, D Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Krzesinski, J Long, D Neilsen, EH Nitta, A Loomis, C Lupton, RH Roweis, S Snedden, SA Strauss, MA Tucker, DL AF Padmanabhan, Nikhil Schlegel, David J. Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Barentine, J. C. Blanton, Michael R. Brewington, Howard J. Gunn, James E. Harvanek, Michael Hogg, David W. Ivezic, Zeljko Johnston, David Kent, Stephen M. Kleinman, S. J. Knapp, Gillian R. Krzesinski, Jurek Long, Dan Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. Nitta, Atsuko Loomis, Craig Lupton, Robert H. Roweis, Sam Snedden, Stephanie A. Strauss, Michael A. Tucker, Douglas L. TI An improved photometric calibration of the sloan digital sky survey imaging data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE techniques : photometric ID LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; DATA RELEASE; STANDARD STARS; CELESTIAL EQUATOR; SYSTEM; TELESCOPE; CATALOG; EXTINCTION; EMISSION AB We present an algorithm to photometrically calibrate wide-field optical imaging surveys, which simultaneously solves for the calibration parameters and relative stellar fluxes using overlapping observations. The algorithm decouples the problem of "relative'' calibrations from that of "absolute'' calibrations; the absolute calibration is reduced to determining a few numbers for the entire survey. We pay special attention to the spatial structure of the calibration errors, allowing one to isolate particular error modes in downstream analyses. Applying this to the SDSS imaging data, we achieve similar to 1% relative calibration errors across 8500 deg(2) in griz; the errors are similar to 2% for the u band. These errors are dominated by unmodeled atmospheric variations at Apache Point Observatory. These calibrations, dubbed "uber-calibration,'' are now public with SDSS Data Release 6 and will be a part of subsequent SDSS data releases. C1 [Padmanabhan, Nikhil; Schlegel, David J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Padmanabhan, Nikhil] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schlegel, David J.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Gunn, James E.; Johnston, David; Knapp, Gillian R.; Loomis, Craig; Lupton, Robert H.; Strauss, Michael A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Barentine, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Barentine, J. C.; Brewington, Howard J.; Harvanek, Michael; Kleinman, S. J.; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Dan; Neilsen, Eric H., Jr.; Nitta, Atsuko; Loomis, Craig; Snedden, Stephanie A.] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Blanton, Michael R.; Hogg, David W.] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Ivezic, Zeljko] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Johnston, David] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kent, Stephen M.; Neilsen, Eric H., Jr.; Tucker, Douglas L.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kleinman, S. J.] Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Krzesinski, Jurek] Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. [Nitta, Atsuko] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Roweis, Sam] Univ Toronto, Dept Comp Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. RP Padmanabhan, N (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM npadmanabhan@lbl.gov RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 NR 54 TC 323 Z9 323 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 2 BP 1217 EP 1233 DI 10.1086/524677 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RK UT WOS:000253454500048 ER PT J AU Immler, S Modjaz, M Landsman, W Bufano, F Brown, PJ Milne, P Dessart, L Holland, ST Koss, M Pooley, D Kirshner, RP Filippenko, AV Panagia, N Chevalier, RA Mazzali, PA Gehrels, N Petre, R Burrows, DN Nousek, JA Roming, PWA Pian, E Soderberg, AM Greiner, J AF Immler, S. Modjaz, M. Landsman, W. Bufano, F. Brown, P. J. Milne, P. Dessart, L. Holland, S. T. Koss, M. Pooley, D. Kirshner, R. P. Filippenko, A. V. Panagia, N. Chevalier, R. A. Mazzali, P. A. Gehrels, N. Petre, R. Burrows, D. N. Nousek, J. A. Roming, P. W. A. Pian, E. Soderberg, A. M. Greiner, J. TI Swift and Chandra detections of supernova 2006jc: Evidence for interaction of the supernova shock with a circumstellar shell SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; supernovae : individual (SN 2006jc); X-rays : general; X rays : individual (SN 2006jc); X rays : ISM; ultraviolet : ISM ID TELESCOPE; GALAXY; STAR AB The peculiar Type Ib supernova (SN) 2006jc has been observed with the UV/Optical Telescope (UVOT) and X-Ray Telescope (XRT) on board the Swift observatory over a period of 19-183 days after the explosion. Signatures of interaction of the outgoing SN shock with dense circumstellar material (CSM) are detected, such as strong X-ray emission (L0.2-10 > 10(39) erg s(-1) ) and the presence of Mg II 2800 angstrom line emission visible in the UV spectra. In combination with a Chandra observation obtained on day 40 after the explosion, the X-ray light curve is constructed, which shows a unique rise of the X-ray emission by a factor of similar to 5 over a period of similar to 4 months, followed by a rapid decline. We interpret the unique X-ray and UV properties as a result of the SN shock interacting with a shell of material that was deposited by an outburst of the SN progenitor 2 years prior to the explosion. Our results are consistent with the explosion of a Wolf-Rayet star that underwent an episodic mass ejection qualitatively similar to those of luminous blue variable stars prior to its explosion. This led to the formation of a dense (similar to 10(7) cm(-3)) shell at a distance of similar to 10(16) cm from the site of the explosion, which expands with the WR wind at a velocity of 1300 +/- 300 km s(-1). C1 [Immler, S.; Landsman, W.; Bufano, F.; Holland, S. T.; Koss, M.; Gehrels, N.; Petre, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Immler, S.; Holland, S. T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Immler, S.; Koss, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Modjaz, M.; Kirshner, R. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bufano, F.] Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Brown, P. J.; Burrows, D. N.; Nousek, J. A.; Roming, P. W. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Milne, P.; Dessart, L.] Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Holland, S. T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Pooley, D.; Filippenko, A. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Panagia, N.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chevalier, R. A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Mazzali, P. A.; Pian, E.] Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. [Mazzali, P. A.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Soderberg, A. M.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Greiner, J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Immler, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM stefan.immler@nasa.gov RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Koss, Michael/B-1585-2015; OI Koss, Michael/0000-0002-7998-9581; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858 NR 16 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 2 BP L85 EP L88 DI 10.1086/529373 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291YW UT WOS:000255234500007 ER PT J AU Liu, J Di Stefano, R AF Liu, Jifeng Di Stefano, Rosanne TI An ultraluminous supersoft X-ray source in M81: An intermediate-mass black hole? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M81); X-rays : binaries ID DISCOVERY; STATE; SOFT AB Ultraluminous supersoft X-ray sources (ULSSSs) exhibit supersoft spectra with blackbody temperatures of 50 100 eV and bolometric luminosities above 10(39) ergs s(-1) and are possibly intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) of >= 103 or massive white dwarfs that are progenitors of Type Ia supernovae. In this Letter we report our M, optical studies of such a source in M81, M81-ULS1, with HST archive observations. M81-ULS1 is identified with a pointlike object, the spectral energy distribution of which reveals a blue component in addition to the companion of an asymptotic giant branch star. The blue component is consistent with the power law as expected from the geometrically thin accretion disk around an IMBH accretor but inconsistent with the power law as expected from the X-ray-irradiated flared accretion disk around a white dwarf accretor. This result is strong evidence that M81-ULS1 is an IMBH instead of a white dwarf. C1 [Liu, Jifeng; Di Stefano, Rosanne] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 2 BP L73 EP L76 DI 10.1086/529071 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291YW UT WOS:000255234500004 ER PT J AU Anker, A Hurt, C Knowlton, N AF Anker, Arthur Hurt, Carla Knowlton, Nancy TI Revision of the Alpheus formosus Gibbes, 1850 complex, with redescription of A-formosus and description of a new species from the tropical western Atlantic (Crustacea : Decapoda : Alpheidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Alpheus; snapping shrimp; Alpheidae; eastern Pacific; western Atlantic; color pattern; transisthmian species; new species; Caribbean; molecular phylogeny; barcode; COI ID SHRIMP GENUS ALPHEUS; INDIAN RIVER REGION; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; PANAMA; DIVERGENCE; PACIFIC; CARIDEA; ISTHMUS; FLORIDA; MEXICO AB The Alpheus formosus Gibbes, 1850 complex is revised based on materials from the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic. Three species are recognized: Alpheus panamensis Kingsley, 1878 in the eastern Pacific, ranging from the Gulf of California to the Galapagos Archipelago; A. formosus Gibbes, 1850 (synonym: A. poeyi Guerin Meneville, 1857) in the western Atlantic, ranging from North Carolina and throughout the Caribbean to southern Brazil; and A. paraformosus n. sp., presently known only from the southwestern Caribbean (Panama) in the western Atlantic. Alpheus paraformosus n. sp. differs from A. formosus and A. panamensis by the distinctly shorter rostral furrows, the absence of balaeniceps setae on the fingers of the minor chela, and also several subtle but discrete features in the color pattern. Alpheus formosus is redescribed based on recently collected material. A female specimen from Florida Keys is designated as neotype of A. formosus. Morphology, color and genetics all suggest that A. formosus and A. panamensis are transisthmian sister species, with A. paraformosus n. sp. being their nearest relative. C1 [Anker, Arthur; Hurt, Carla; Knowlton, Nancy] Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Balboa 03092, Panama. [Anker, Arthur; Hurt, Carla; Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Miami, FL 34002 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Marine Biodiversity & Conservat, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hurt, Carla] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Apartado 0843, Balboa 03092, Panama. EM ankera@si.edu RI Hurt, Carla/A-3284-2011 NR 93 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 20 PY 2008 IS 1707 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 266GZ UT WOS:000253423800001 ER PT J AU Mitchell, CPJ Branfireun, BA Kolka, RK AF Mitchell, Carl P. J. Branfireun, Brian A. Kolka, Randall K. TI Spatial characteristics of net methylmercury production hot spots in peatlands SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MERCURY METHYLATION; ORGANIC-CARBON; WETLAND; SEDIMENTS; REDUCTION; INTERFACES; MINNESOTA; HYDROLOGY; DYNAMICS; RATES AB Many wetlands are sources of methylmercury (MeHg) to surface waters, yet little information exists about the distribution of MeHg within wetlands. Total mercury (THg) and MeHg in peat pore waters were studied in four peatlands in spring, summer, and fall 2005. Marked spatial variability in the distribution of MeHg, and %MeHg as a proxy for net MeHg production, was observed, with highest values occurring in discrete zones. We denote these zones "MeHg hot spots", defined as an area where the pore water %MeHg exceeded the 90th percentile of the data set (n = 463) or >22% of THg as MeHg. MeHg hot spots occurred near the interface between peatland and the upland watershed with few exceptions. The %MeHg in pore water was significantly less in peatland interiors compared to upland-peatland interface zones, with the significance of these differences related to the delineation of the boundary between the two areas. Although further research is necessary, our data suggest that the occurrence of MeHg hot spots is related to the transport of solutes in upland runoff to the peatland perimeter and not to the accumulation of MeHg in this zone as a result of transport from either the peatland interior or the surrounding upland watershed. These findings augment the understanding of peatland MeHg production in upland-peatland watersheds, provide guidance for more accurate quantification of MeHg pool sizes in the landscape, and a spatial framework for the further study of mercury methylation processes in peatlands. C1 [Mitchell, Carl P. J.; Branfireun, Brian A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RP Mitchell, CPJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd,POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM mitchellc@si.edu RI Mitchell, Carl/A-7212-2008 OI Mitchell, Carl/0000-0001-8538-5138 NR 36 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 11 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1010 EP 1016 DI 10.1021/es0704986 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263XW UT WOS:000253250800012 PM 18351065 ER PT J AU Taori, K Paul, VJ Luesch, H AF Taori, Kanchan Paul, Valerie J. Luesch, Hendrik TI Structure and activity of largazole, a potent antiproliferative agent from the Floridian marine cyanobacterium Symploca sp. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALGA SCYTONEMA-MIRABILE; LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; DRUG DISCOVERY; APRATOXIN-A; METABOLITES; STEREOCHEMISTRY; THIOCORALINE; CURACIN AB A novel cytotoxic cyclodepsipeptide, termed largazole (1), has been isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Symploca sp. collected in the Florida Keys. Its planar structure was elucidated by 1 D and 2D NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of I was determined by chemical degradation followed by chiral HPLC analysis. Largazole (1) possesses densely assembled unusual structural features, including a rare 4-methylthiazoline linearly fused to a thiazole in its cyclic core and a hitherto undescribed 3-hydroxy-7-mercaptohept-4-enoic acid unit incorporated in an ester, thioester, and amide framework. Largazole (1) exhibits potent antiproliferative activity and preferentially targets cancer cells over nontransformed cells. C1 [Taori, Kanchan; Luesch, Hendrik] Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Luesch, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM luesch@cop.ufl.edu NR 18 TC 205 Z9 207 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 13 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 6 BP 1806 EP + DI 10.1021/ja710064S0002-7863(71)01006-0 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 261SL UT WOS:000253100200005 PM 18205365 ER PT J AU Currano, ED Wilf, P Wing, SL Labandeira, CC Lovelock, EC Royer, DL AF Currano, Ellen D. Wilf, Peter Wing, Scott L. Labandeira, Conrad C. Lovelock, Elizabeth C. Royer, Dana L. TI Sharply increased insect herbivory during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Bighorn Basin; paleobotany; plant-insect interactions; rapid climate change ID BIGHORN BASIN; PLANT; ASSOCIATIONS; TEMPERATURE; TREES AB The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 55.8 Ma), an abrupt global warming event linked to a transient increase in pCO(2), was comparable in rate and magnitude to modern anthropogenic climate change. Here we use plant fossils from the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming to document the combined effects of temperature and pCO(2) on insect herbivory. We examined 5,062 fossil leaves from five sites positioned before, during, and after the PETM (59-55.2 Ma). The amount and diversity of insect damage on angiosperm leaves, as well as the relative abundance of specialized damage, correlate with rising and failing temperature. All reach distinct maxima during the PETM, and every PETM plant species is extensively damaged and colonized by specialized herbivores. Our study suggests that increased insect herbivory is likely to be a net long-term effect of anthropogenic pCO(2) increase and warming temperatures. C1 [Currano, Ellen D.; Wilf, Peter] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Currano, Ellen D.; Wing, Scott L.; Labandeira, Conrad C.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lovelock, Elizabeth C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Royer, Dana L.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Currano, ED (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012,MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM ecurrano@geosc.psu.edu OI Royer, Dana/0000-0003-0976-953X; Wing, Scott/0000-0002-2954-8905 NR 35 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 5 U2 53 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 12 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1960 EP 1964 DI 10.1073/pnas.0708646105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 264CC UT WOS:000253261900035 PM 18268338 ER PT J AU Teixeira, PS McCoey, C Fich, M Lada, CJ AF Teixeira, P. S. McCoey, C. Fich, M. Lada, C. J. TI Spitzer imaging of the jet driving the NGC 2264 G outflow SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual; NGC 2264 G; ISM : jets and outflows ID MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; BIPOLAR OUTFLOW; YOUNG STARS; NGC 2264G; PROTOSTELLAR OUTFLOWS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; STELLAR JETS; DRIVEN; CO; SIMULATIONS AB We present new infrared imaging of the NGC 2264 G protostellar outflow region, obtained with the InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) onboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. A jet in the red outflow lobe (eastern lobe) is clearly detected in all four IRAC bands and, for the first time, is shown to continuously extend over the entire length of the red outflow lobe traced by CO observations. The redshifted jet also extends to a deeply embedded Class 0 source, Very Large Array (VLA) 2, confirming previous suggestions that it is the driving source of the outflow (Gomez et al. 1994). The images show that the easternmost part of the redshifted jet exhibits what appear to be multiple changes of direction. To understand the redshifted jet morphology, we explore several mechanisms that could generate such apparent changes of direction. From this analysis, we conclude that the redshifted jet structure and morphology visible in the IRAC images can be largely, although not entirely, explained by a slowly precessing jet (period approximate to 8000 yr) that lies mostly on the plane of the sky. It appears that the observed changes in the redshifted jet direction may be sufficient to account for a significant fraction of the broadening of the outflow lobe observed in the CO emission. C1 [Teixeira, P. S.; Lada, C. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Teixeira, P. S.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Teixeira, P. S.] Univ Lisbon, Lab Associado Inst D Luiz, SIM, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [McCoey, C.; Fich, M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Teixeira, PS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pteixeira@cfa.harvard.edu; cmccoey@astro.uwaterloo.ca; fich@astro.uwaterloo.ca; clada@cfa.harvard.edu RI Teixeira, Paula Stella/O-2289-2013 OI Teixeira, Paula Stella/0000-0002-3665-5784 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 11 PY 2008 VL 384 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12698.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 264TC UT WOS:000253312300005 ER PT J AU Covington, M Dekel, A Cox, TJ Jonsson, P Primack, JR AF Covington, M. Dekel, A. Cox, T. J. Jonsson, P. Primack, J. R. TI Predicting the properties of the remnants of dissipative galaxy mergers SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : interactions ID MASSIVE ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER; ORBITAL PARAMETERS; GALACTIC HALOS; DISK GALAXIES; SIMULATIONS; CLUSTERS; MODEL; DUST; DRY AB We construct a physically motivated model for predicting the properties of the remnants of gaseous galaxy mergers, given the properties of the progenitors and the orbit. The model is calibrated using a large suite of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) merger simulations. It implements generalized energy conservation while accounting for dissipative energy losses and star formation. The dissipative effects are evaluated from the initial gas fractions and from the orbital parameters via an 'impulse' parameter, which characterizes the strength of the encounter. Given the progenitor properties, the model predicts the remnant stellar mass, half-mass radius and velocity dispersion to an accuracy of 25 per cent. The model is valid for both major and minor mergers. We provide an explicit recipe for semi-analytic models of galaxy formation. C1 [Covington, M.; Dekel, A.; Primack, J. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Dekel, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Cox, T. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jonsson, P.; Primack, J. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Covington, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM mdcovin@physics.ucsc.edu RI Covington, Matthew/C-7622-2011 OI Covington, Matthew/0000-0003-4044-7387 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 11 PY 2008 VL 384 IS 1 BP 94 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12601.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 264TC UT WOS:000253312300008 ER PT J AU Hjalmarsdotter, L Zdziarski, AA Larsson, S Beckmann, V McCollough, M Hannikainen, DC Vilhu, O AF Hjalmarsdotter, L. Zdziarski, A. A. Larsson, S. Beckmann, V. McCollough, M. Hannikainen, D. C. Vilhu, O. TI The nature of the hard state of Cygnus X-3 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; gamma-rays : observations; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : general; X-rays : individual : Cygnus X-3; X-rays : stars ID BLACK-HOLE; SPECTRAL VARIABILITY; COMPTON REFLECTION; RAY; GRS-1915+105; X-3; DISTANCE; ACCRETION; BINARIES; PLASMAS AB The X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 (Cyg X-3) is a highly variable X-ray source that displays a wide range of observed spectral states. One of the main states is significantly harder than the others, peaking at similar to 20 keV, with only a weak low-energy component. Due to the enigmatic nature of this object, hidden inside the strong stellar wind of its Wolf - Rayet companion, it has remained unclear whether this state represents an intrinsic hard state, with truncation of the inner disc, or whether it is just a result of increased local absorption. We study the X-ray light curves from RXTE/ASM and CGRO/BATSE in terms of distributions and correlations of flux and hardness and find several signs of a bimodal behaviour of the accretion flow that are not likely to be the result of increased absorption in a surrounding medium. Using INTEGRAL observations, we model the broad-band spectrum of Cyg X-3 in its apparent hard state. We find that it can be well described by a model of a hard state with a truncated disc, despite the low cut-off energy, provided the accreted power is supplied to the electrons in the inner flow in the form of acceleration rather than thermal heating, resulting in a hybrid electron distribution and a spectrum with a significant contribution from non-thermal Comptonization, usually observed only in soft states. The high luminosity of this non-thermal hard state implies that either the transition takes place at significantly higher L/L(E) than in the usual advection models, or the mass of the compact object is greater than or similar to 20M(circle dot), possibly making it the most-massive black hole observed in an X-ray binary in our Galaxy so far. We find that an absorption model as well as a model of almost pure Compton reflection also fit the data well, but both have difficulties explaining other results, in particular the radio/X-ray correlation. C1 [Hjalmarsdotter, L.; Hannikainen, D. C.; Vilhu, O.] Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Hjalmarsdotter, L.] Stockholm Observ, Dept Astron, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Zdziarski, A. A.] Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Beckmann, V.] INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. [Beckmann, V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [McCollough, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hjalmarsdotter, L (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, POB 14, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM nea@astro.su.se NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 11 PY 2008 VL 384 IS 1 BP 278 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12688.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 264TC UT WOS:000253312300019 ER PT J AU Cox, TJ Jonsson, P Somerville, RS Primack, JR Dekel, A AF Cox, T. J. Jonsson, Patrik Somerville, Rachel S. Primack, Joel R. Dekel, Avishai TI The effect of galaxy mass ratio on merger-driven starbursts SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE methods : numerical; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : starburst ID STAR-FORMATION RATES; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DARK-MATTER HALOS; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; INTERACTING GALAXIES; MAJOR MERGERS; BLACK-HOLES; CLOSE PAIRS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES AB We employ numerical simulations of galaxy mergers to explore the effect of galaxy mass ratio on merger-driven starbursts. Our numerical simulations include radiative cooling of gas, star formation, and stellar feedback to follow the interaction and merger of four disc galaxies. The galaxy models span a factor of 23 in total mass and are designed to be representative of typical galaxies in the local universe. We find that the merger-driven star formation is a strong function of merger mass ratio, with very little, if any, induced star formation for large mass ratio mergers. We define a burst efficiency that is useful to characterize the merger-driven star formation and test that it is insensitive to uncertainties in the feedback parametrization. In accord with previous work we find that the burst efficiency depends on the structure of the primary galaxy. In particular, the presence of a massive stellar bulge stabilizes the disc and suppresses merger-driven star formation for large mass ratio mergers. Direct, coplanar merging orbits produce the largest tidal disturbance and yield the most intense burst of star formation. Contrary to naive expectations, a more compact distribution of gas or an increased gas fraction both decrease the burst efficiency. Owing to the efficient feedback model and the newer version of smoothed particle hydrodynamics employed here, the burst efficiencies of the mergers presented here are smaller than in previous studies. C1 [Cox, T. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jonsson, Patrik; Primack, Joel R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Somerville, Rachel S.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Dekel, Avishai] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Cox, TJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tcox@cfa.harvard.edu NR 141 TC 260 Z9 261 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 11 PY 2008 VL 384 IS 1 BP 386 EP 409 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12730.x PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 264TC UT WOS:000253312300030 ER PT J AU Chakravorty, S Kembhavi, AK Elvis, M Ferland, G Badnell, NR AF Chakravorty, Susmita Kembhavi, Ajit K. Elvis, Martin Ferland, Gary Badnell, N. R. TI Dielectronic recombination and stability of warm gas in active galactic nuclei SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; quasars : absorption lines; ISM : abundances; ISM : atoms; ISM : lines and bands ID FINITE-DENSITY PLASMAS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; LOW-TEMPERATURES; X-RAY; COEFFICIENTS; ABSORBER; SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION; ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM AB Understanding the thermal equilibrium (stability) curve may offer insights into the nature of the warm absorbers often found in active galactic nuclei. Its shape is determined by factors such as the spectrum of the ionizing continuum and the chemical composition of the gas. We find that the stability curves obtained under the same set of the above-mentioned physical factors, but using recently derived dielectronic recombination rates, give significantly different results, especially in the regions corresponding to warm absorbers, leading to different physical predictions. Using the current rates we find a larger probability of having a thermally stable warm absorber at 105 K than previous predictions and also a greater possibility for its multiphase nature. The results obtained with the current dielectronic recombination rate coefficients are more reliable because the warm absorber models along the stability curve have computed coefficient values, whereas previous calculations relied on guessed averages for these because of a lack of available data. C1 [Chakravorty, Susmita; Kembhavi, Ajit K.] IUCAA, Pune, Ganeshkhind, India. [Chakravorty, Susmita; Kembhavi, Ajit K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Elvis, Martin; Ferland, Gary] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Badnell, N. R.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. RP Chakravorty, S (reprint author), IUCAA, Post Bag 4, Pune, Ganeshkhind, India. EM susmita@iucaa.emet.in; akk@iucaa.emet.in; elvis@head.cfa.harvard.edu; gary@pa.uky.edu; badnell@phys.strath.ac.uk OI Ferland, Gary/0000-0003-4503-6333 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 11 PY 2008 VL 384 IS 1 BP L24 EP L28 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00414.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 264TC UT WOS:000253312300039 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, Norman E. TI Two new Stratiomyinae, including Panamamyia gen. nov., from the Neotropical Region (Diptera : Stratiomyidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Stratiomyidae; Hoplitimyia; Panamamyia; new genus; new species; Costa Rica; Panama AB A new species of Hoplitimyia James, H. inbioensis sp. nov., is described from Costa Rica. A new genus, Panamamyia gen. nov. (type species P. silbergliedi sp. nov.) is described from Panama. Both taxa are very rare in collections, not having been taken during extensive Malaise trap surveys in Costa Rica. C1 USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, ARS, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, NHB-168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM norman.woodley@ars.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 11 PY 2008 IS 1701 BP 29 EP 39 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 261CR UT WOS:000253057200003 ER PT J AU Lai, K Huang, JS Fazio, G Gawiser, E Ciardullo, R Damen, M Franx, M Gronwall, C Labbe, I Magdis, G van Dokkum, P AF Lai, Kamson Huang, Jia-Sheng Fazio, Giovanni Gawiser, Eric Ciardullo, Robin Damen, Maaike Franx, Marijn Gronwall, Caryl Labbe, Ivo Magdis, Georgios van Dokkum, Pieter TI Spitzer constraints on the stellar populations of Ly alpha-emitting galaxies at z=3.1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : stellar content ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; SUBARU DEEP FIELD; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EMITTERS; REDSHIFT; LBGS; Z-SIMILAR-TO-3; EMISSION; SOUTH; MULTIWAVELENGTH AB We investigate the stellar populations of a sample of 162 Ly alpha-emitting galaxies (LAEs) at z = 3: 1 in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South, using deep Spitzer IRAC data available from the GOODS and SIMPLE surveys to derive reliable stellar population estimates. We divide the LAEs according to their rest-frame near-IR luminosities into IRAC-detected and IRAC-undetected samples. About 70% of the LAEs are undetected in 3.6 mu m down to m(3.6) = 25.2 AB. Stacking analysis reveals that the average stellar population of the IRAC-undetected sample has an age of similar to 200 Myr and a mass of similar to 3 x 10(8) M circle dot, consistent with the expectation that LAEs are mostly young and low-mass galaxies. On the other hand, the IRAC-detected LAEs are on average significantly older and more massive, with an average age greater than or similar to 1 Gyr and mass similar to 10(10) M circle dot. Comparing the IRAC colors and magnitudes of the LAEs to z similar to 3 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) shows that the IRAC-detected LAEs lie at the faint blue end of the LBG color-magnitude distribution, suggesting that IRAC-detected LAEs may be the low-mass extension of the LBG population. We also present tentative evidence for a small fraction (similar to 5%) of obscured AGNs within the LAE sample. Our results suggest that LAEs posses a wide range of ages and masses. In addition, the presence of evolved stellar populations inside LAEs suggests that the Ly alpha-luminous phase of galaxies may be either a long-lasting or recurring phenomenon. C1 [Lai, Kamson; Huang, Jia-Sheng; Fazio, Giovanni] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [van Dokkum, Pieter] Yale Univ, Yale Astron Dept, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Gawiser, Eric; van Dokkum, Pieter] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Gawiser, Eric] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ciardullo, Robin; Gronwall, Caryl] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Damen, Maaike; Franx, Marijn] Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Labbe, Ivo] Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Magdis, Georgios] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Lai, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM klai@cfa.harvard.edu RI Magdis, Georgios/C-7295-2014 OI Magdis, Georgios/0000-0002-4872-2294 NR 35 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 DI 10.1086/524702 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RJ UT WOS:000253454400006 ER PT J AU Machacek, ME Kraft, RP Ashby, MLN Evans, DA Jones, C Forman, WR AF Machacek, M. E. Kraft, R. P. Ashby, M. L. N. Evans, D. A. Jones, C. Forman, W. R. TI The active nucleus of IC 4970: A nearby example of merger-induced cold-gas accretion SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : individual (IC 4970); galaxies : interactions; infrared : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; XMM-NEWTON; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIO-LOUD; CALIBRATION; NGC-6872 AB We present results from Chandra X-ray and Spitzer mid-infrared observations of the interacting galaxy pair NGC 6872/IC 4970 in the Pavo galaxy group and show that the smaller companion galaxy IC 4970 hosts a highly obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN). The 0.5-10 keV X-ray luminosity of the nucleus is variable, increasing by a factor 2.9 to a luminosity of 1.7 x 10(42) erg s(-1) (bright state) on similar to 100 ks timescales. The X-ray spectrum of the bright state is heavily absorbed (N-H 3 x 10(23) cm(-2) for power- law models with Gamma = 1.5-2.0) and shows a clear 6.4 keV Fe K alpha line with equivalent width of 144-195 eV. Limits on the diffuse emission in IC 4970 from Chandra X-ray data suggest that the available power from Bondi accretion of IC 4970's hot interstellar gas may be an order of magnitude too small to power the AGN. Spitzer images show that 8 mu m nonstellar emission is concentrated in the central 1 kpc of IC 4970, consistent with high obscuration in this region. The mid-infrared colors of the nucleus are consistent with those expected for a highly obscured AGN. Taken together these data suggest that the nucleus of IC 4970 is a Seyfert 2, triggered and fueled by cold material supplied to the central supermassive black hole as a result of the off-axis collision of IC 4970 with the cold-gas-rich spiral galaxy NGC 6872. C1 [Machacek, M. E.; Kraft, R. P.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Evans, D. A.; Jones, C.; Forman, W. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Machacek, ME (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmachacek@cfa.harvard.edu NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 1 BP 142 EP 150 DI 10.1086/525015 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RJ UT WOS:000253454400013 ER PT J AU Erb, DK AF Erb, Dawn K. TI A model for star formation, gas flows, and chemical evolution in galaxies at high redshifts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; FORMING GALAXIES; GALACTIC WINDS; METAL CONTENT; STELLAR; Z-SIMILAR-TO-2; ULTRAVIOLET; POPULATION; ABUNDANCES; INFALL AB Motivated by the increasing use of the Kennicutt-Schmidt (K-S) star formation law to interpret observations of high-redshift galaxies, the importance of gas accretion to galaxy formation, and the recent observations of chemical abundances in galaxies at z similar to 2-3, I use simple analytical models to assess the consistency of these processes of galaxy evolution with observations and with each other. I derive the time dependence of star formation implied by the K-S law and show that the sustained high star formation rates observed in galaxies at z similar to 2-3 require the accretion of additional gas. A model in which the gas accretion rate is approximately equal to the combined star formation and outflow rates broadly reproduces the observed trends of star formation rate with galaxy age. Using an analytical description of chemical evolution, I also show that this model, further constrained to have an outflow rate roughly equal to the star formation rate, reproduces the observed mass-metallicity relation at z similar to 2. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Erb, DK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM derb@cfa.harvard.edu NR 47 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 1 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1086/524727 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RJ UT WOS:000253454400014 ER PT J AU Lee, S Pak, S Choi, M Davis, CJ Geballe, TR Herrnstein, RM Ho, PTP Minh, YC Lee, SG AF Lee, Sungho Pak, Soojong Choi, Minho Davis, Christopher J. Geballe, T. R. Herrnstein, Robeson M. Ho, Paul T. P. Minh, Y. C. Lee, Sang-Gak TI Three-dimensional observations of H-2 emission around Sgr A East. I. Structure in the central 10 pc of our Galaxy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; infrared : ISM; ISM : individual (Sgr A East); ISM : lines and bands; ISM : molecules ID HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; SHOCKED MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; INNER 400 PARSECS; LINE EMISSION; GAS; MASERS; FORMALDEHYDE; ENVIRONMENT; ABSORPTION AB We have obtained velocity-resolved spectra of the H-2 1-0 S(1) (lambda = 2.1218 mu m) emission line at 2 '' angular resolution (or similar to 0.08 pc spatial resolution) in four regions within the central 10 pc of the Galaxy where the supernova-like remnant Sgr A East is colliding with molecular clouds. To investigate the kinematic, physical, and positional relationships between the important gaseous components in the center, we compared the H2 data cube with previously published NH3 data. The projected interaction boundary of Sgr A East is determined to be an ellipse with its center offset similar to 1.5 pc from Sgr A* and dimensions of 10.8 pc x 7: 6 pc. This H-2 boundary is larger than the synchrotron emission shell but consistent with the dust ring, which is believed to trace the shock front of Sgr A East. Since Sgr A East is driving shocks into its nearby molecular clouds, we can determine their positional relationships using the shock directions as indicators. As a result, we suggest a revised model for the three-dimensional structure of the central 10 pc. The actual contact between Sgr A East and all of the surrounding molecular material, including the circumnuclear disk and the southern streamer, makes the hypothesis of infall into the nucleus and feeding of Sgr A * very likely. C1 [Lee, Sungho; Choi, Minho; Minh, Y. C.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Pak, Soojong] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Davis, Christopher J.] Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Geballe, T. R.] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Herrnstein, Robeson M.; Ho, Paul T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Herrnstein, Robeson M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ho, Paul T. P.; Minh, Y. C.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Lee, Sang-Gak] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, 61-1 Hwaam Dong, Taejon 305348, South Korea. EM soojong@khu.ac.kr RI Pak, Soojong/E-2360-2013 NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 1 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1086/524128 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RJ UT WOS:000253454400022 ER PT J AU Gutermuth, RA Myers, PC Megeath, ST Allen, LE Pipher, JL Muzerolle, J Porras, A Winston, E Fazio, G AF Gutermuth, R. A. Myers, P. C. Megeath, S. T. Allen, L. E. Pipher, J. L. Muzerolle, J. Porras, A. Winston, E. Fazio, G. TI Spitzer observations of NGC 1333: A study of structure and evolution in a nearby embedded cluster SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : formation ID INFRARED-ARRAY-CAMERA; PERSEUS MOLECULAR CLOUD; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; IN-FLIGHT PERFORMANCE; LOW-MASS STARS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; C2D SURVEY; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; LARGE-SCALE; NGC 1333 AB We present a comprehensive analysis of structure in the young, embedded cluster, NGC 1333 using members identified with Spitzer and 2MASS photometry based on their IR-excess emission. A total of 137 members are identified in this way, composed of 39 protostars and 98 more evolved pre-main-sequence stars with disks. Of the latter class, four are transition/debris disk candidates. The fraction of exposed pre-main-sequence stars with disks is 83% +/- 11%, showing that there is a measurable diskless pre-main-sequence population. The sources in each of the Class I and II evolutionary states are shown to have very different spatial distributions relative to the distribution of the dense gas in their natal cloud. However, the distribution of nearest neighbor spacings among these two groups of sources are found to be quite similar, with a strong peak at spacings of 0.045 pc. Radial and azimuthal density profiles and surface density maps computed from the identified YSOs show that NGC 1333 is elongated and not strongly centrally concentrated, confirming previous claims in the literature. We interpret these new results as signs of a low velocity dispersion, extremely young cluster that is not in virial equilibrium. C1 [Gutermuth, R. A.; Myers, P. C.; Allen, L. E.; Winston, E.; Fazio, G.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Megeath, S. T.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Ritter Observ, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Pipher, J. L.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Muzerolle, J.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Porras, A.] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla 72000, Mexico. RP Gutermuth, RA (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 64 TC 224 Z9 224 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 1 BP 336 EP 356 DI 10.1086/524722 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RJ UT WOS:000253454400031 ER PT J AU Cackett, EM Miller, JM Bhattacharyya, S Grindlay, JE Homan, J Klis, MD Miller, MC Strohmayer, TE Wijnands, R AF Cackett, Edward M. Miller, Jon M. Bhattacharyya, Sudip Grindlay, Jonathan E. Homan, Jeroen Van Der Klis, Michiel Miller, M. Coleman Strohmayer, Tod E. Wijnands, Rudy TI Relativistic iron emission lines in neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries as probes of neutron star radii SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; REDSHIFTED ABSORPTION-LINES; FAST-TIME VARIABILITY; EQUATION-OF-STATE; BLACK-HOLE SPIN; GRO J1655-40; BURST SPECTRA; LIGHT CURVES; 4U 1820-30; NGC 6624 AB Using Suzaku observations of three neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries ( Ser X-1, 4U 1820-30, and GX 349+2) we have found broad, asymmetric, relativistic Fe K emission lines in all three objects. These Fe K lines can be well fit by a model for lines from a relativistic accretion disk ("diskline''), allowing a measurement of the inner radius of the accretion disk and hence an upper limit on the neutron star radius. These upper limits correspond to 14.5-16.5 km for a 1.4 M-circle dot neutron star. The inner disk radii that we measure with Fe K lines are in good agreement with the inner disk radii implied by kHz QPOs observed in both 4U 1820-30 and GX 349+2, supporting the inner disk origin for kHz QPOs. In addition, the Fe K lines observed in these neutron stars are narrower than those in the black holes that are thought to be close to maximally spinning, as one would expect if inferences for spin are robust. C1 [Cackett, Edward M.; Miller, Jon M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bhattacharyya, Sudip] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST & Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bhattacharyya, Sudip; Miller, M. Coleman] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Grindlay, Jonathan E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Homan, Jeroen] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Van Der Klis, Michiel; Wijnands, Rudy] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Strohmayer, Tod E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cackett, EM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ecackett@umich.edu RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 NR 54 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 1 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1086/524936 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RJ UT WOS:000253454400037 ER PT J AU Galvan-Madrid, R Rodriguez, LF Ho, PTP Keto, E AF Galvan-Madrid, Roberto Rodriguez, Luis F. Ho, Paul T. P. Keto, Eric TI Time variation in G24.78+0.08 A1: Evidence for an accreting hypercompact H II region? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE HII regions; ISM : individual (G24.78+0.08); stars : formation ID MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; COMPACT HII-REGIONS; 5 GHZ; G10.6-0.4; DENSITY; INFALL; DISKS AB Over a timescale of a few years, an observed change in the optically thick radio continuum flux can indicate whether an unresolved H II region around a newly formed massive star is changing in size. In this Letter we report on a study of archival VLA observations of the hypercompact H II region G24.78 + 0.08 A1 that shows a decrease of similar to 45% in the 6 cm flux over a 5 yr period. Such a decrease indicates a contraction of similar to 25% in the ionized radius and could be caused by an increase in the ionized gas density if the size of the H II region is determined by a balance between photoionization and recombination. This finding is not compatible with continuous expansion of the H II region after the end of accretion onto the ionizing star, but is consistent with the hypothesis of gravitational trapping and ionized accretion flows if the mass accretion rate is not steady. C1 [Galvan-Madrid, Roberto; Rodriguez, Luis F.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58090, Michoacan, Mexico. [Galvan-Madrid, Roberto; Ho, Paul T. P.; Keto, Eric] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ho, Paul T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Galvan-Madrid, R (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58090, Michoacan, Mexico. EM rgalvan@cfa.harvard.edu; l.rodriguez@astrosmo.unam.mx; pho@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; eketo@cfa.harvard.edu NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 10 PY 2008 VL 674 IS 1 BP L33 EP L36 DI 10.1086/528957 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291YT UT WOS:000255234100009 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Cronin, TM deMenocal, PB Okahashi, H Linsley, BK AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Cronin, Thomas M. deMenocal, Peter B. Okahashi, Hisayo Linsley, Braddock K. TI Abrupt climate change and collapse of deep-sea ecosystems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE deglacial-Holocene; Ostracoda; species diversity; macroecology; paleoceanography ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; LAST DEGLACIATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; BIODIVERSITY RESPONSE; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; WATER VARIABILITY; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; AGE CALIBRATION AB We investigated the deep-sea fossil record of benthic ostracodes during periods of rapid climate and oceanographic change over the past 20,000 years in a core from intermediate depth in the northwestern Atlantic. Results show that deep-sea benthic community "collapses" occur with faunal turnover of up to 50% during major climatically driven oceanographic changes. Species diversity as measured by the Shannon-Wiener index falls from 3 to as low as 1.6 during these events. Major disruptions in the benthic communities commenced with Heinrich Event 1, the Inter-Allerod Cold Period (IACP: 13.1 ka), the Younger Dryas (YD: 12.9-11.5 ka), and several Holocene Bond events when changes in deep-water circulation occurred. The largest collapse is associated with the YD/IACP and is characterized by an abrupt two-step decrease in both the upper North Atlantic Deep Water assemblage and species diversity at 13.1 ka and at 12.2 ka. The ostracode fauna at this site did not fully recover until approximate to 8 ka, with the establishment of Labrador Sea Water ventilation. Ecologically opportunistic slope species prospered during this community collapse. Other abrupt community collapses during the past 20 ka generally correspond to millennial climate events. These results indicate that deep-sea ecosystems are not immune to the effects of rapid climate changes occurring over centuries or less. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Cronin, Thomas M.; Okahashi, Hisayo] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [deMenocal, Peter B.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Linsley, Braddock K.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008; demenocal, peter/B-1386-2013 OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863; demenocal, peter/0000-0002-7191-717X NR 71 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 5 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1556 EP 1560 DI 10.1073/pnas.0705486105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 261KQ UT WOS:000253077900033 PM 18227517 ER PT J AU Yi, T Wen, J Golan-Goldhirsh, A Parfitt, DE AF Yi, Tingshuang Wen, Jun Golan-Goldhirsh, Avi Parfitt, Dan E. TI Phylogenetics and reticulate evolution in Pistacia (Anacardiaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Anacardiaceae; ITS; ndhF; NIA-i3; phylogenetics; Pistacia; trnC-trnD; trnL-F ID CHLOROPLAST TRNC-TRND; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; RHUS ANACARDIACEAE; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; HYBRID SPECIATION; GENUS PISTACIA; AFLP MARKERS; DATA SETS; SEQUENCES; INFERENCE AB The systematic position and intrageneric relationships of the economically important Pistacia species (Anacardiaceae) are controversial. The phylogeny of Pistacia was assessed using five data sets: sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS, the third intron of the nuclear nitrate reductase gene (NIA-i3), and the plastid ndhF, trnL-F and trnC-trnD. Significant discordance was detected among ITS, NIA-i3, and the combined plastid DNA data sets. ITS, NIA-i3, and the combined plastid data sets were analyzed separately using Bayesian and parsimony methods. Both the ITS and the NIA-i3 data sets resolved the relationships among Pistacia species well; however, these two data sets had significant discordance. The ITS phylogeny best reflects the evolutionary relationships among Pistacia species. Lineage sorting of the NIA-i3 alleles may explain the conflicts between the NIA-i3 and the ITS data sets. The combined analysis of three plastid DNA data sets resolved Pistacia species into three major clades, within which only a few subclades were supported. Pistacia was shown to be monophyletic in all three analyses. The previous intrageneric classification was largely inconsistent with the molecular data. Some Pistacia species appear not to be genealogical species, and evidence for reticulate evolution is presented. Pistacia saportae was shown to be a hybrid with P. lentiscus (maternal) and P terebinthus (paternal) as the parental taxa. C1 [Wen, Jun] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Yi, Tingshuang] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Plant Biodiversity & Biogeog, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Wen, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Syst & Evolut Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Golan-Goldhirsh, Avi] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Desert Plant Biotechnol Lab, Albert Katz Dept Dryland Biotechnol, IL-84993 Sede Boqer, Israel. [Parfitt, Dan E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci MS2, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wen, J (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM wenj@si.edu NR 78 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 95 IS 2 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.3732/ajb.95.2.241 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 260NU UT WOS:000253017800012 PM 21632348 ER PT J AU Ross, C Puglisi, MP Paul, VJ AF Ross, Cliff Puglisi, Melany P. Paul, Valefie J. TI Antifungal defenses of seagrasses from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE antifungal chemical defense; caspase; Indian River Lagoon; oxidative burst; programmed cell death; seagrass ID OXIDATIVE BURST; WASTING DISEASE; CELL-DEATH; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MARINE PATHOGENS; ZOSTERA-MARINA; RESISTANCE; PLANTS AB We investigated the antifungal chemical defenses and physiological responses of five seagrasses collected from nearshore seagrass beds from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, against a panel of co-occurring marine fungi isolated from nearby coastal communities. Whole plant tissues from Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii and Syringodium filiforme prevented overgrowth by three of the seven fungi used in this study. Organic extracts from four of the five seagrasses inhibited the growth of at least one fungal strain. The extract from Ruppia maritima exhibited the highest antifungal activity, inhibiting the growth of three fungi including the pathogen Lindra thalassiae. Among the fungal panel, Fusarium sp. 2 was the most susceptible to seagrass extracts, whereas none of the extracts disrupted the growth of Dendryphiella salina and Fusarium sp. 3. Under laboratory conditions fungal inoculation elicited hydrogen peroxide production in all specimens within 25 min post-inoculation as measured with a redox sensitive dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. The concentration of H2O2 released into the immediate vicinity of infected seagrasses varied between 0.10 and 0.85 mu mol g(-1) FW min(-1) depending on seagrass species and pathogen combination. Longer term incubation (days) of T testudinum with homogenates of D. salina or L. thallasiae resulted in the induction of caspase activity, a known proteolytic activator of apoptotic and inflammatory activities. The application of micromolar concentrations of H2O2 to blades of T testudinum induced caspase activity suggesting that fungal detection, H2O2 production, and caspase activation occur in a consecutive order. The seagrasses examined in this study appear to use a combined strategy to combat fungal infection, including microbial chemical defenses and signaling pathways observed in terrestrial plants. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ross, Cliff; Puglisi, Melany P.; Paul, Valefie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Ross, C (reprint author), Univ N Florida, Dept Biol, 1 UNF Dr, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. EM cliff.ross@unf.edu RI Ross, Cliff/B-8291-2011 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.09.003 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 260PH UT WOS:000253021700007 ER PT J AU Villegas, D Kissler-Patig, M Jordan, A Goudfrooij, P Zwaan, M AF Villegas, Daniela Kissler-Patig, Markus Jordan, Andres Goudfrooij, Paul Zwaan, Martin TI Normal globular cluster systems in massive low surface brightness galaxies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : spiral; galaxies : star clusters; globular clusters : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DATA REDUCTION PROCEDURES; STAR-CLUSTERS; DISK GALAXIES; STELLAR POPULATIONS; FORNAX CLUSTER; DWARF GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; ADVANCED CAMERA AB We present the results of a study of the globular cluster systems of six massive spiral galaxies, originally cataloged as low surface brightness (LSB) but here shown to span a wide range of surface brightness values, including two intermediate to LSB galaxies. We used the Advanced Camera for Surveys on-board Hubble Space Telescope to obtain photometry in the F475W and F775W bands and select sources with photometric and morphological properties consistent with those of globular clusters. A total of 206 candidates were identified in our target galaxies. From a direct comparison with the Galactic globular cluster system we derive specific frequency values for each galaxy that are in the expected range for late-type galaxies. We show that the globular cluster candidates in all galaxies have properties consistent with globular cluster systems of previously studied galaxies in terms of luminosity, sizes and color. We establish the presence of globular clusters in the two intermediate to LSB galaxies in our sample and show that their properties do not have any significant deviation from the behavior observed in the other sample galaxies, implying that these properties do not evolve with the surface brightness of the galaxies. Our results are broadly consistent with a scenario in which low surface brightness galaxies follow roughly the same evolutionary history as normal (i.e. high surface) brightness galaxies except at a much lower rate, but require the presence of an initial period of star formation intense enough to allow the formation of massive star clusters. C1 [Villegas, Daniela; Kissler-Patig, Markus; Jordan, Andres; Zwaan, Martin] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Villegas, Daniela; Jordan, Andres] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Jordan, Andres] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Goudfrooij, Paul] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Villegas, D (reprint author), European So Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. OI Jordan, Andres/0000-0002-5389-3944 NR 75 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 135 IS 2 BP 467 EP 478 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/2/467 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 260VY UT WOS:000253039700002 ER PT J AU Brown, WR Beers, TC Wilhelm, R Prieto, CA Geller, MJ Kenyon, SJ Kurtz, MJ AF Brown, Warren R. Beers, Timothy C. Wilhelm, Ronald Prieto, Carlos Allende Geller, Margaret J. Kenyon, Scott J. Kurtz, Michael J. TI The Century Survey Galactic Halo Project. III. A complete 4300 deg(2) survey of blue horizontal branch stars in the metal-weak thick disk and inner halo SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : stellar content; stars : early type; stars : horizontal-branch ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; A-TYPE STARS; ABSOLUTE PROPER MOTIONS; RR LYRAE STARS; MILKY-WAY; DATA RELEASE; STATISTICAL PARALLAX; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; COUNTS REDIVIVUS AB We present a complete spectroscopic survey of 2414 2MASS-selected blue horizontal branch ( BHB) candidates selected over 4300 deg(2) of the sky. We identify 655 BHB stars in this non-kinematically selected sample. We calculate the luminosity function of field BHB stars, and find evidence for very few hot BHB stars in the field. The BHB stars located at a distance from the Galactic plane | Z| < 4 kpc trace what is clearly a metal-weak thick disk population, with a mean metallicity of [Fe/H]=-1.7, a rotation velocity gradient of dv(rot)/d|Z|=-28 +/- 3.4 km s(-1) in the region |Z| < 6 kpc, and a density scale height of h(Z) = 1.26 +/- 0.1 kpc. The BHB stars located at 5 < | Z| < 9 kpc are a predominantly inner-halo population, with a mean metallicity of [ Fe/ H] = - 2.0 and a mean Galactic rotation of - 4 +/- 31 km s(-1). We infer the density of halo and thick disk BHB stars is 104 +/- 37 kpc(-3) near the Sun, and the relative normalization of halo to thick-disk BHB stars is 4 +/- 1% near the Sun. C1 [Brown, Warren R.; Geller, Margaret J.; Kenyon, Scott J.; Kurtz, Michael J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Study Cosm Evolut, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.] Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wilhelm, Ronald] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Brown, WR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wbrown@cfa.harvard.edu RI KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X; Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090 NR 91 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 135 IS 2 BP 564 EP 574 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/2/564 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 260VY UT WOS:000253039700011 ER PT J AU Wolk, SJ Spitzbart, BD Bourke, TL Gutermuth, RA Vigil, M Comeron, F AF Wolk, Scott J. Spitzbart, Bradley D. Bourke, Tyler L. Gutermuth, Robert A. Vigil, Miquela Comeron, Fernando TI X-ray and IR point source identification and characteristics in the embedded, massive star-forming region RCW 108 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; ISM : individual (RCW 108); stars : formation; X-rays : stars ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; ORION-NEBULA-CLUSTER; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; OB STARS; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; ULTRADEEP PROJECT AB We report on the results of an approximately 90 ks Chandra observation of a complex region that hosts multiple sites of recent and active star formation in ARA OB1a. The field is centered on the embedded cluster RCW 108 - IR and includes a large portion of the open cluster NGC 6193. We detect over 420 X-ray sources in the field and combined these data with deep near-IR, Spitzer/IRAC and Midcourse Space Experiment ( MSX) mid-IR data. We find about 360 of the X-ray sources have near-IR counterparts. We divide the region into five parts based on the X-ray point source characteristics and extended 8 mu m emission. The most clearly defined regions are the central region, identified by embedded sources with high luminosities in the both the near-IR and X-ray as well as high X-ray temperatures (similar to 3 keV), and the eastern region, identified by low extinction and similar to 1 keV X-ray temperatures. Other regions, identified by their directional relationship to RCW 108 - IR, are less uniform representing combinations of the first two regions, independent star formation epochs, or both. The cluster members range in X-ray luminosity from 10(29) to 10(33) erg s(-1). Over 18% of the cluster members with over 100 counts exhibit flares. All sources with over 350 counts are variable. Overall about 10% ( 16% in RCW 108 - IR) appear to have optically thick disks as derived from their position in the ( J - H), ( H - K) diagram. The disk fraction becomes much higher when IRAC data are employed. The largest fraction of X-ray sources is best described as possessing some disk material via a more detailed extinction fitting. We fit the bulk of the X-ray spectra as absorbed Raymond-Smith- type plasmas, and find that the column to the RCW 108-IR members varies from 10(21) to 10(23) cm(-2). We find that the field contains 41 candidate O or B stars, and estimate that the total number of pre-main-sequence stars in the field is about 1600 +/- 200. Approximately 800 are confined to the 3 ' (similar to 1.1 pc) central region. C1 [Wolk, Scott J.; Spitzbart, Bradley D.; Bourke, Tyler L.; Gutermuth, Robert A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vigil, Miquela] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Comeron, Fernando] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Wolk, SJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261 NR 83 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 135 IS 2 BP 693 EP 721 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/2/693 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 260VY UT WOS:000253039700022 ER PT J AU Jonker, PG Kaastra, J Mendez, M In 't Zand, JJM AF Jonker, P. G. Kaastra, J. Mendez, M. In 't Zand, J. J. M. TI Constraining the neutron star equation of state using XMM-Newton SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : general; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY TRANSIENT; CENTAURUS X-4; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; THERMAL EMISSION; AQUILA X-1; QUIESCENCE; SPECTRUM; 1H-1905+000; VARIABILITY; BINARIES AB We have identified three possible ways in which future XMM-Newton observations can provide significant constraints on the equation of state of neutron stars. First, using a long observation of the neutron star X-ray transient Cen X-4 in quiescence one can use the RGS spectrum to constrain the interstellar extinction to the source. This removes this parameter from the X-ray spectral fitting of the pn and MOS spectra and allows us to investigate whether the variability observed in the quiescent X-ray spectrum of this source is due to variations in the soft thermal spectral component or variations in the power law spectral component coupled with variations in N-H. This will test whether the soft thermal spectral component can indeed be due to the hot thermal glow of the neutron star. Potentially such an observation could also reveal redshifted spectral lines from the neutron star surface. Second, XMM-Newton observations of radius expansion type I Xray bursts might reveal redshifted absorption lines from the surface of the neutron star. Third, XMM-Newton observations of eclipsing quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries provide the eclipse duration. With this the system inclination can be determined accurately. The inclination determined from the X-ray eclipse duration in quiescence, the rotational velocity of the companion star and the semi-amplitude of the radial velocity curve determined through optical spectroscopy, yield the neutron star mass. (C) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Jonker, P. G.; Kaastra, J.; Mendez, M.; In 't Zand, J. J. M.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jonker, P. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jonker, P. G.; Kaastra, J.; In 't Zand, J. J. M.] Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Mendez, M.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. RP Jonker, PG (reprint author), SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM p.jonker@sron.nl RI Mendez, Mariano/C-8011-2012 OI Mendez, Mariano/0000-0003-2187-2708 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 329 IS 2 BP 198 EP 201 DI 10.1002/asna.200710912 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 270TF UT WOS:000253742400022 ER PT J AU Bourdin, H Mazzotta, P AF Bourdin, H. Mazzotta, P. TI Temperature structure of the intergalactic medium within seven nearby and bright clusters of galaxies observed with XMM-Newton SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies : clusters; techniques : image processing; techniques : spectroscopic ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; RELAXED CLUSTER; CORE; SAMPLE; GAS; MERGER; IMAGES; RADIO; A1795 AB Aims. Using a newly developed algorithm, we map, to the highest angular resolution allowed by the data, the temperature structure of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) within a nearly complete X-ray flux limited sample of galaxy clusters in the redshift range between z = 0.045 and z = 0.096. Our sample contains seven bright clusters of galaxies observed with XMM-Newton: Abell 399, Abell 401, Abell 478, Abell 1795, Abell 2029, Abell 2065, Abell 2256. Methods. We use a multi-scale spectral mapping algorithm especially designed to map spectroscopic observables from X-ray extended emission of the ICM. By means of a wavelet analysis, this algorithm couples spatially resolved spectroscopy with a structure detection approach. Derived from a former algorithm using Haar wavelets, our algorithm is now implemented with B-spline wavelets in order to perform a more regular analysis of the signal. Compared to other adaptive algorithms, our method has the advantage of analysing spatially the gas temperature structure itself, instead of being primarily driven by the geometry of gas brightness. Results. For the four clusters in our sample that are major mergers, we find a rather complex thermal structure with strong thermal variations consistent with their dynamics. For two of them, A2065 and A2256, we perform a 3-d analysis of cold front-like features evidenced from the gas temperature and brightness maps. Furthermore, we detect a significant non-radial thermal structure outside the cool core region of the other 3 more "regular" clusters, with relative amplitudes of about about 10% and typical sizes ranging between 2 and 3 arcmin. We investigate possible implications of this thermal structure on the mass estimates, by extracting the surface brightness and temperature profiles from complementary sectors in the "regular" clusters A1795 and A2029, corresponding to hottest and coldest regions in the maps. For A2029, the temperature and surface brightness gradients seem to compensate each other, leading to a consistent mass profile. For A1795, however, the temperature structure leads to a significant mass discrepancy in the innermost cluster region. The third "regular" cluster, A478, is located in a particular sky region characterised by strong variations of neutral hydrogen column density, Nh, even on angular scales smaller than the cluster itself. For this cluster, we derive a spectroscopic Nh map and investigate the origin of Nh structure by discussing its correlation with galactic emission of dust in the infrared. C1 [Bourdin, H.; Mazzotta, P.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Mazzotta, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bourdin, H (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Via Ricerca Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM herve.bourdin@roma2.infn.it; pasquale.mazzotta@roma2.infn.it RI Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016 OI Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748 NR 51 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 479 IS 2 BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065758 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 260VX UT WOS:000253039600006 ER PT J AU Lindt-Krieg, E Eckart, A Neri, R Krips, M Pott, JU Garcia-Burillo, S Combes, F AF Lindt-Krieg, E. Eckart, A. Neri, R. Krips, M. Pott, J. -U. Garcia-Burillo, S. Combes, F. TI Molecular gas in NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA) - VIII. The Seyfert 2 NGC 6574 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : NGC 6574; galaxies : active; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPIRAL GALAXIES; DISK GALAXIES; CO IMAGES; BARS; RESOLUTION; TELESCOPE; NGC-3718 AB Within the frame of the NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA) project, we have determined the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas within the central kpc with high spatial resolution (100-150 pc), for a sample of active galaxies. The goal is to study the gas- fueling mechanisms in AGN. We present interferometric observations of (CO)-C-12(1-0) and (CO)-C-12(2-1) line emission from the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 6574, obtained with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI). These data have been combined with 30 m mapping data in these lines to correct for the flux resolved by the interferometer. At an angular resolution of 0.7 '' (equivalent to 110 pc), the (CO)-C-12(2-1) emission is resolved into an inner disk with a radius of 300 pc. The molecular gas in NGC 6574 is primarily distributed in four components: nucleus, bar, spiral arms - winding up into a pseudo- ring - and an extended underlying disk component. For the overall galaxy host, we find a (CO)-C-12(2-1) to (CO)-C-12(1-0) line ratio of similar to 0.3 indicative of cold or sub- thermally excited gas. For the nucleus, this ratio is close to unity, indicating emission from dense and warm molecular gas. Modeling the gas kinematics with elliptical orbits shows that the molecular gas in the differentially rotating disk of NGC 6574 is strongly influenced by the presence of a stellar bar. The nuclear component shows an extension toward the southeast that may be an indication of the lopsidedness of the nuclear gas distribution. We computed the gravity torques exerted from the stellar bar on the gas, deriving the gravitational potential from near- infrared images, and weighting the torques by the CO distribution. We find negative torques for the gas inside the ring, since the gas aligned with the bar has a slight advance phase shift, leading the bar. This means that gas is flowing in towards the center, at least down to 400 pc in radius, which can explain the observed high nuclear gas concentration. This concentration corresponds to a possible inner Lindblad resonance of the bar, according to the measured rotation curve. The gas has been piling up in this location quite recently, since no startburst has been observed yet. C1 [Lindt-Krieg, E.; Eckart, A.; Pott, J. -U.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Lindt-Krieg, E.; Neri, R.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Eckart, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Krips, M.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, SMA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pott, J. -U.] WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Garcia-Burillo, S.] Observ Astron Nacl, Madrid 28014, Spain. [Combes, F.] Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Lindt-Krieg, E (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. EM eckart@ph1.uni-koeln.de OI Garcia-Burillo, Santiago/0000-0003-0444-6897; Combes, Francoise/0000-0003-2658-7893 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 479 IS 2 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078491 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 260VX UT WOS:000253039600012 ER PT J AU Zapata, LA Palau, A Ho, PTP Schilke, P Garrod, RT Rodriguez, LF Menten, K AF Zapata, L. A. Palau, A. Ho, P. T. P. Schilke, P. Garrod, R. T. Rodriguez, L. F. Menten, K. TI Forming an early O-type star through gas accretion? SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE molecular data; techniques : interferometric; stars : formation; ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM ID W51 MASSIVE CORES; H2O MASER SOURCES; DYNAMICAL COLLAPSE; MOLECULAR OUTFLOW; PROPER MOTIONS; REGION; PROTOSTARS; W51-IRS-2; DISTANCES; CONTINUUM AB We present high angular resolution (similar to 3 '') and sensitive 1.3 mm continuum, cyanogen (CN) and vinyl cyanide (C2H3CN) line observations made with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) toward one of most highly obscured objects of the W51 IRS2 region, W51 North. We find that the CN line exhibits a pronounced inverse P-Cygni profile indicating that the molecular gas is falling into this object with a mass accretion rate between 4 and 7 x 10(-2) M-circle dot yr(-1). The C2H3CN traces an east- west rotating molecular envelope that surrounds either a single obscured (proto) star with a kinematic mass of 40 M-circle dot or a small central cluster of B-type stars and that is associated with a compact high velocity bipolar outflow traced by H2O masers and SiO molecular emission. We thus confirm that the W51 North region is part of the growing list of young massive star forming regions that have been associated with infalling motion and with high mass accretion rates (similar to 10(-2)-10(-4) M-circle dot yr(-1)), strengthening the evidence that massive stars can form with very high accretion rates sufficient to quench the formation of a UCHII region. C1 [Zapata, L. A.; Schilke, P.; Garrod, R. T.; Menten, K.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Palau, A.] Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Ho, P. T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ho, P. T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Rodriguez, L. F.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CRyA, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Zapata, LA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Auf Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM lzapata@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 479 IS 2 BP L25 EP L28 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078846 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 260VX UT WOS:000253039600001 ER PT J AU Kallinger, T Guenther, DB Matthews, JM Weiss, WW Huber, D Kuschnig, R Moffatat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Sasselov, D AF Kallinger, T. Guenther, D. B. Matthews, J. M. Weiss, W. W. Huber, D. Kuschnig, R. Moffatat, A. F. J. Rucinski, S. M. Sasselov, D. TI Nonradial p-modes in the G9.5 giant epsilon Ophiuchi? Pulsation model fits to MOST photometry SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : late-type; stars : oscillations; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual : epsilon Ophiuchi techniques : photometric; techniques : radial velocities ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; RED GIANTS; XI-HYDRAE; SPACE; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; AMPLITUDES; OPACITIES AB The G9.5 giant epsilon Oph shows evidence of radial p-mode pulsations in both radial velocity and luminosity. We re-examine the observed frequencies in the photometry and radial velocities and find a best model fit to 18 of the 21 most significant photometric frequencies. The observed frequencies are matched to both radial and nonradial modes in the best model fit. The small scatter of the frequencies about the model predicted frequencies indicate that the average lifetimes of the modes could be as long as 10-20 d. The best fit model itself, constrained only by the observed frequencies, lies within +/- 1 sigma of epsilon Oph's position in the HR-diagram and the interferometrically determined radius. C1 [Kallinger, T.; Weiss, W. W.; Huber, D.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Guenther, D. B.] St Marys Univ, Inst Computat Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Matthews, J. M.; Kuschnig, R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Moffatat, A. F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Observ Astron Mt Megant, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Rucinski, S. M.] Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. [Sasselov, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kallinger, T (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, Turkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. EM kallinger@astro.univie.ac.at NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 478 IS 2 BP 497 EP 505 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078171 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 256FL UT WOS:000252713000022 ER PT J AU Boyarsky, A Ruchayskiy, O Markevitch, M AF Boyarsky, A. Ruchayskiy, O. Markevitch, M. TI Constraints on parameters of radiatively decaying dark matter from the galaxy cluster 1E 0657-56 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; elementary particles; galaxies : clusters : individual (1E 0657-56); line : formation; neutrinos; X-rays : galaxies : clusters; X-rays : individual (1E 0657-56) ID X-RAY; STERILE NEUTRINOS; MILKY-WAY; CHANDRA; UNIVERSE; MASSES; WINDOW; CORE; VMSM; GAS AB We derived constraints on parameters of a radiatively decaying warm dark matter particle, e. g., the mass and mixing angle for a sterile neutrino, using Chandra X-ray spectra of galaxy cluster 1E 0657-56 ( the "bullet" cluster). The constraints are based on nondetection of the sterile neutrino decay emission line. This cluster exhibits spatial separation between the hot intergalactic gas and the dark matter, which helps to disentangle their X-ray signals. It also has a very long X-ray observation and a total mass measured via gravitational lensing. This makes the resulting constraints on a sterile neutrino complementary to earlier results that used different cluster mass estimates. Our limits are comparable to the existing cluster constraints ( although they are weaker than the best constraints derived from M31 and the Milky Way halo). C1 [Boyarsky, A.] CERN, PH TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Boyarsky, A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Theoret Phys, FSB, LPPC, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Ruchayskiy, O.] Inst Hautes Etud Sci, F-91440 Bures Sur Yvette, France. [Markevitch, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Markevitch, M.] Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Boyarsky, A (reprint author), CERN, PH TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RI Ruchayskiy, Oleg/E-3698-2015 OI Ruchayskiy, Oleg/0000-0001-8073-3068 NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 2 BP 752 EP 757 DI 10.1086/524397 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RI UT WOS:000253454300010 ER PT J AU Juric, M Ivezic, Z Brooks, A Lupton, RH Schlegel, D Finkbeiner, D Padmanabhan, N Bond, N Sesar, B Rockosi, CM Knapp, GR Gunn, JE Sumi, T Schneider, DP Barentine, JC Brewington, HJ Brinkmann, J Fukugita, M Harvanek, M Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, D Neilsen, EH Nitta, A Snedden, SA York, DG AF Juric, Mario Ivezic, Zeljko Brooks, Alyson Lupton, Robert H. Schlegel, David Finkbeiner, Douglas Padmanabhan, Nikhil Bond, Nicholas Sesar, Branimir Rockosi, Constance M. Knapp, Gillian R. Gunn, James E. Sumi, Takahiro Schneider, Donald P. Barentine, J. C. Brewington, Howard J. Brinkmann, J. Fukugita, Masataka Harvanek, Michael Kleinman, S. J. Krzesinski, Jurek Long, Dan Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. Nitta, Atsuko Snedden, Stephanie A. York, Donald G. TI The milky way tomography with SDSS. I. Stellar number density distribution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxy : disk; galaxy : fundamental parameters; galaxy : halo; galaxy : structure ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; METAL-POOR STARS; PHOTOMETRIC PARALLAX ESTIMATION; TRIANGULUM-ANDROMEDA REGION; SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; GALACTIC LATITUDE FIELDS; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; DARK-MATTER UNIVERSE; PROPER-MOTION STARS AB Using the photometric parallax method we estimate the distances to similar to 48 million stars detected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and map their three-dimensional number density distribution in the Galaxy. The currently available data sample the distance range from 100 pc to 20 kpc and cover 6500 deg(2) of sky, mostly at high Galactic latitudes (vertical bar b vertical bar > 25). These stellar number density maps allow an investigation of the Galactic structure with no a priori assumptions about the functional form of its components. The data show strong evidence for a Galaxy consisting of an oblate halo, a disk component, and a number of localized overdensities. The number density distribution of stars as traced by M dwarfs in the solar neighborhood (D < 2 kpc) is well fit by two exponential disks ( the thin and thick disk) with scale heights and lengths, bias corrected for an assumed 35% binary fraction, of H-1 = 300 pc and L-1 = 2600 pc, and H-2 = 900 pc and L-2 = 3600 pc, and local thick-to-thin disk density normalization rho(thick)(R-circle dot)/rho(thin)(R-circle dot) = 12%. We use the stars near main-sequence turnoff to measure the shape of the Galactic halo. We find a strong preference for oblate halo models, with best-fit axis ratio c/a = 0.64, rho(H) alpha r(-2.8) power-law profile, and the local halo-to-thin disk normalization of 0.5%. Based on a series of Monte Carlo simulations, we estimate the errors of derived model parameters not to be larger than similar to 20% for the disk scales and similar to 10% for the density normalization, with largest contributions to error coming from the uncertainty in calibration of the photometric parallax relation and poorly constrained binary fraction. While generally consistent with the above model, the measured density distribution shows a number of statistically significant localized deviations. In addition to known features, such as the Monoceros stream, we detect two overdensities in the thick disk region at cylindrical galactocentric radii and heights (R, Z) similar to (6.5, 1.5) kpc and (R, Z) similar to (9.5, 0.8) kpc and a remarkable density enhancement in the halo covering over 1000 deg(2) of sky toward the constellation of Virgo, at distances of similar to 6-20 kpc. Compared to counts in a region symmetric with respect to the l = 0 degrees line and with the same Galactic latitude, the Virgo overdensity is responsible for a factor of 2 number density excess and may be a nearby tidal stream or a low-surface brightness dwarf galaxy merging with the Milky Way. The u - g color distribution of stars associated with it implies metallicity lower than that of thick disk stars and consistent with the halo metallicity distribution. After removal of the resolved overdensities, the remaining data are consistent with a smooth density distribution; we detect no evidence of further unresolved clumpy substructure at scales ranging from similar to 50 pc in the disk to similar to 1-2 kpc in the halo. C1 [Juric, Mario; Lupton, Robert H.; Schlegel, David; Finkbeiner, Douglas; Bond, Nicholas; Knapp, Gillian R.; Gunn, James E.; Sumi, Takahiro] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Juric, Mario] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ivezic, Zeljko; Brooks, Alyson; Sesar, Branimir; Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schlegel, David; Padmanabhan, Nikhil] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Finkbeiner, Douglas] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Padmanabhan, Nikhil] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Sumi, Takahiro] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terrestrial Environm Lab, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Barentine, J. C.; Brewington, Howard J.; Brinkmann, J.; Harvanek, Michael; Kleinman, S. J.; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Dan; Nitta, Atsuko; Snedden, Stephanie A.] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Fukugita, Masataka] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba, Japan. [Krzesinski, Jurek] Cracow Pedagog Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. [Neilsen, Eric H., Jr.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Nitta, Atsuko] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Juric, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012 NR 134 TC 578 Z9 581 U1 0 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 2 BP 864 EP 914 DI 10.1086/523619 PG 51 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RI UT WOS:000253454300020 ER PT J AU Band, DL Grindlay, JE Hong, J Fishman, G Hartmann, DH Garson, A Krawczynski, H Barthelmy, S Gehrels, N Skinner, G AF Band, D. L. Grindlay, J. E. Hong, J. Fishman, G. Hartmann, D. H. Garson, A., III Krawczynski, H. Barthelmy, S. Gehrels, N. Skinner, G. TI Exist's gamma-ray burst sensitivity SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID BATSE OBSERVATIONS; ENERGY; SPECTRA AB We use semianalytic techniques to evaluate the burst sensitivity of designs for the EXIST hard X-ray survey mission. Applying these techniques to the mission design proposed for the Beyond Einstein program, we find that with its very large field of view and faint gamma-ray burst detection threshold, EXIST will detect and localize approximately two bursts per day, a large fraction of which may be at high redshift. We estimate that EXIST's maximum sensitivity will be similar to 4 times greater than that of Swift's Burst Alert Telescope. Bursts will be localized to better than 4000 at threshold, with a burst position as good as a few arcseconds for strong bursts. EXIST's combination of three different detector systems will provide spectra from 3 keV to more than 10MeV. Thus, EXIST will enable a major leap in the understanding of bursts, their evolution, environment, and utility as cosmological probes. C1 [Band, D. L.; Barthelmy, S.; Gehrels, N.; Skinner, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Band, D. L.; Skinner, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Band, D. L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Grindlay, J. E.; Hong, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fishman, G.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Hartmann, D. H.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Garson, A., III; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Skinner, G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Band, DL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM david.l.band@nasa.gov RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 2 BP 1225 EP 1232 DI 10.1086/524883 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RI UT WOS:000253454300054 ER PT J AU Argon, AL Greenhill, LJ Reid, MJ Moran, JM Humphreys, EML AF Argon, A. L. Greenhill, L. J. Reid, M. J. Moran, J. M. Humphreys, E. M. L. TI Toward a new geometric distance to the active galaxy NGC 4258. I. VLBI monitoring of water maser emission (vol 659, pg 1040, 2007) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Argon, A. L.; Greenhill, L. J.; Reid, M. J.; Moran, J. M.; Humphreys, E. M. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Argon, AL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 2 BP 1249 EP 1249 DI 10.1086/524728 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RI UT WOS:000253454300057 ER PT J AU Cantrell, AG Bailyn, CD McClintock, JE Orosz, JA AF Cantrell, Andrew G. Bailyn, Charles D. McClintock, Jeffrey E. Orosz, Jerome A. TI Optical state changes in the X-ray-quiescent black hole A0620-00 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : individual (A0620-00); X-rays : binaries ID BINARY A0620-00; MASS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSIENTS; FLARES AB We present optical and infrared photometry of the soft X-ray transient A0620-00, obtained by the SMARTS and YALO consortia, spanning the period 1999-2007. Although A0620-00 was X- ray quiescent throughout this period, our data show three distinct optical states, characterized by magnitude, color, and aperiodic variability. In particular, we find that in what we call the "passive" state, A0620-00 exhibits no observable aperiodic variability on any timescale longer than our exposure length. The existence of these states may explain the differences between phased light curves observed by previous authors. We suggest that in order to obtain the purest ellipsoidal light curves, passive-state data should be used in future studies of ellipsoidal variability. C1 [Cantrell, Andrew G.; Bailyn, Charles D.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [McClintock, Jeffrey E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Orosz, Jerome A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Cantrell, AG (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Astron, POB 208101, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM cantrell@astro.yale.edu; bailyn@astro.yale.edu; jmcclintock@cfa.harvard.edu; orosz@sciences.sdsu.edu NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 2 BP L159 EP L162 DI 10.1086/528793 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291YI UT WOS:000255233000014 ER PT J AU Gutermuth, RA Bourke, TL Allen, LE Myers, PC Megeath, ST Matthews, BC Jorgensen, JK Di Francesco, J Ward-Thompson, D Huard, TL Brooke, TY Dunham, MM Cieza, LA Harvey, PM Chapman, NL AF Gutermuth, R. A. Bourke, T. L. Allen, L. E. Myers, P. C. Megeath, S. T. Matthews, B. C. Jorgensen, J. K. Di Francesco, J. Ward-Thompson, D. Huard, T. L. Brooke, T. Y. Dunham, M. M. Cieza, L. A. Harvey, P. M. Chapman, N. L. TI The Spitzer gould belt survey of large nearby interstellar clouds: Discovery of a dense embedded cluster in the serpens-aquila rift SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual ( IRAS 18275-0203; IRAS 18274-0205); stars : formation; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs ID INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MOLECULAR CLOUD; POPULATION; STARS; CORE; IRAC AB We report the discovery of a nearby, embedded cluster of young stellar objects, associated filamentary infrared dark cloud, and 4.5 mu m shock emission knots from outflows detected in Spitzer IRAC mid-infrared imaging of the Serpens-Aquila Rift obtained as part of the Spitzer Gould Belt Legacy Survey. We also present radial velocity measurements of the region from molecular line observations obtained with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) that suggest the cluster is comoving with the Serpens Main embedded cluster to the north. We therefore assign it 3 degrees the same distance, 260 pc. The core of the new cluster, which we call Serpens South, is composed of an unusually large fraction of protostars (77%) at high mean surface density (> 430 pc(-2)) and short median nearest neighbor spacing (3700 AU). We perform basic cluster structure characterization using nearest neighbor surface density mapping of the YSOs and compare our findings to other known clusters with equivalent analyses available in the literature. C1 [Gutermuth, R. A.; Bourke, T. L.; Allen, L. E.; Myers, P. C.; Huard, T. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Megeath, S. T.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Ritter Observ, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Matthews, B. C.; Di Francesco, J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Jorgensen, J. K.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Ward-Thompson, D.] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF2 3YB, Wales. [Brooke, T. Y.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dunham, M. M.; Cieza, L. A.; Harvey, P. M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Chapman, N. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gutermuth, RA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rgutermuth@cfa.harvard.edu NR 29 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 2 BP L151 EP L154 DI 10.1086/528710 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291YI UT WOS:000255233000012 ER PT J AU Meyer, MR Carpenter, JM Mamajek, EE Hillenbrand, LA Hollenbach, D Moro-Martin, A Kim, JS Silverstone, MD Najita, J Hines, DC Pascucci, I Stauffer, JR Bouwman, J Backman, DE AF Meyer, M. R. Carpenter, J. M. Mamajek, E. E. Hillenbrand, L. A. Hollenbach, D. Moro-Martin, A. Kim, J. S. Silverstone, M. D. Najita, J. Hines, D. C. Pascucci, I. Stauffer, J. R. Bouwman, J. Backman, D. E. TI Evolution of mid-infrared excess around sun-like stars: constraints on models of terrestrial planet formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; planetary systems : formation ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; T-TAURI STARS; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; DEBRIS DISKS; SYSTEMS FEPS; DUST DISKS; MYR; DISCOVERY; PLEIADES; NEARBY AB We report observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope regarding the frequency of 24 mm excess emission toward Sun-like stars. Our unbiased sample is composed of 309 stars with masses 0.7-2.2 M-circle dot and ages from, < 3 Myr to > 3 Gyr that lack excess emission at wavelengths <= 8 mu m. We identify 30 stars that exhibit clear evidence of excess emission from the observed 24 mu m/8 mu m flux ratio. The implied 24 mu m excesses of these candidate debris disk systems range from 13% (the minimum detectable) to more than 100% compared to the expected photospheric emission. The frequency of systems with evidence for dust debris emitting at 24 mu m ranges from 8.5%-19% at ages < 300 Myr to < 4% for older stars. The results suggest that many, perhaps most, Sun-like stars might form terrestrial planets. C1 [Meyer, M. R.; Kim, J. S.; Silverstone, M. D.; Pascucci, I.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Carpenter, J. M.; Hillenbrand, L. A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mamajek, E. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hollenbach, D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Moro-Martin, A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Najita, J.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Hines, D. C.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Stauffer, J. R.] Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bouwman, J.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Backman, D. E.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA USA. RP Meyer, MR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mmeyer@as.arizona.edu; jmc@astro.caltech.edu; emamajek@cfa.harvard.edu; lah@astro.caltech.edu; hollenbach@ism.arc.nasa.gov; amaya@astro.princeton.edu; serena@as.arizona.edu; msilverstone@as.arizona.edu; jnajita@noao.edu; hines@spacescience.org; pascucci@as.arizona.edu; stauffer@ipac.caltech.edu; bouwman@mpia.mpg.de; dbackman@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 38 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 2 BP L181 EP L184 DI 10.1086/527470 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291YI UT WOS:000255233000019 ER PT J AU Worrall, DM Birkinshaw, M Kraft, RP Sivakoff, GR Jordan, A Hardcastle, MJ Brassington, NJ Croston, JH Evans, DA Forman, WR Harris, WE Jones, C Juett, AM Murray, SS Nulsen, PEJ Raychaudhury, S Sarazin, CL Woodley, KA AF Worrall, D. M. Birkinshaw, M. Kraft, R. P. Sivakoff, G. R. Jordan, A. Hardcastle, M. J. Brassington, N. J. Croston, J. H. Evans, D. A. Forman, W. R. Harris, W. E. Jones, C. Juett, A. M. Murray, S. S. Nulsen, P. E. J. Raychaudhury, S. Sarazin, C. L. Woodley, K. A. TI Where centaurus a gets its X-ray knottiness SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (Centaurus A, NGC 5128); galaxies : jets; X-rays : galaxies ID PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; RADIO GALAXIES; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; JET; NGC-315 AB We report an X-ray spectral study of the transverse structure of the Centaurus A jet using new data from the Chandra Cen A Very Large Project. We find that the spectrum steepens with increasing distance from the jet axis, and that this steepening can be attributed to a change in the average spectrum of the knotty emission. Such a trend is unexpected if the knots are predominantly a surface feature residing in a shear layer between faster and slower flows. We suggest that the spectral steepening of the knot emission as a function of distance from the jet axis is due to knot migration, implying a component of transverse motion of knots within the flow. C1 [Worrall, D. M.; Birkinshaw, M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Worrall, D. M.; Birkinshaw, M.; Kraft, R. P.; Jordan, A.; Brassington, N. J.; Evans, D. A.; Forman, W. R.; Jones, C.; Murray, S. S.; Nulsen, P. E. J.; Raychaudhury, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sivakoff, G. R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hardcastle, M. J.; Croston, J. H.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Harris, W. E.; Woodley, K. A.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Juett, A. M.; Sarazin, C. L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Raychaudhury, S.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Worrall, DM (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; Sivakoff, Gregory/G-9602-2011; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Sivakoff, Gregory/0000-0001-6682-916X; Jordan, Andres/0000-0002-5389-3944; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 2 BP L135 EP L138 DI 10.1086/528681 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291YI UT WOS:000255233000008 ER PT J AU Landt, H Bentz, MC Ward, MJ Elvis, M Peterson, BM Korista, KT Karovska, M AF Landt, Hermine Bentz, Misty C. Ward, Martin J. Elvis, Martin Peterson, Bradley M. Korista, Kirk T. Karovska, Margarita TI The near-infrared broad emission line region of active galactic nuclei. I. The observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : Seyfert; infrared : galaxies; quasars : emission lines ID QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS; FE-II; SEYFERT-1 GALAXIES; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; ORION NEBULA; LY-ALPHA; O-I; H-I; SPECTRA; ABSORPTION AB We present high-quality (high signal-to-noise ratio and moderate spectral resolution) near-infrared (near-IR) spectroscopic observations of 23 well-known broad emission line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In addition, we obtained simultaneous (within 2 months) optical spectroscopy of similar quality. The near-IR broad emission line spectrum of AGNs is dominated by permitted transitions of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and calcium, and by the rich spectrum of singly ionized iron. In this paper we present the spectra, line identifications, and measurements, and we address briefly some of the important issues regarding the physics of AGN broad emission line regions. In particular, we investigate the excitation mechanism of neutral oxygen and confront for the first time theoretical predictions of the near-IR iron emission spectrum with observations. C1 [Landt, Hermine; Elvis, Martin; Karovska, Margarita] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bentz, Misty C.; Peterson, Bradley M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ward, Martin J.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Korista, Kirk T.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Landt, H (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 58 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 174 IS 2 BP 282 EP 312 DI 10.1086/522373 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279GO UT WOS:000254343600002 ER PT J AU Plucinsky, PP Williams, B Long, KS Gaetz, TJ Sasaki, M Pietsch, W Tuellmann, R Smith, RK Blair, WP Helfand, D Hughes, JP Winkler, PF De Avillez, M Bianchi, L Breitschwerdt, D Edgar, RJ Ghavamian, P Grindlay, J Haberl, F Kirshner, R Kuntz, K Mazeh, T Pannuti, TG Shporer, A Thilker, DA AF Plucinsky, Paul P. Williams, Benjamin Long, Knox S. Gaetz, Terrance J. Sasaki, Manami Pietsch, Wolfgang Tuellmann, Ralph Smith, Randall K. Blair, William P. Helfand, David Hughes, John P. Winkler, P. Frank De Avillez, Miguel Bianchi, Luciana Breitschwerdt, Dieter Edgar, Richard J. Ghavamian, Parviz Grindlay, Jonathan Haberl, Frank Kirshner, Robert Kuntz, Kip Mazeh, Tsevi Pannuti, Thomas G. Shporer, Avi Thilker, David A. TI Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChASeM33): A first look SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M33); supernova remnants; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY SOURCES; XMM-NEWTON SURVEY; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; GALAXY M33; H-I; SPECTROSCOPY; POPULATION; CANDIDATES; PHOTOMETRY; REGIONS AB We present an overview of the Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChASeM33): A Deep Survey of the Nearest Face-on Spiral Galaxy. The 1.4Ms survey covers the galaxy out to R approximate to 180( approximate to 4 kpc). These data provide the most intensive, high spatial resolution assessment of the X-ray source populations available for the confused inner regions of M33. Mosaic images of the ChASeM33 observations show several hundred individual X-ray sources as well as soft diffuse emission from the hot interstellar medium. Bright, extended emission surrounds the nucleus and is also seen from the giant H II regions NGC 604 and IC 131. Fainter extended emission and numerous individual sources appear to trace the inner spiral structure. The initial source catalog, arising from similar to 2/3 of the expected survey data, includes 394 sources significant at the 3 sigma confidence level or greater, down to a limiting luminosity ( absorbed) of similar to 1: 6; 1035 ergs s(-1) (0.35-8.0 keV). The hardness ratios of the sources separate those with soft, thermal spectra such as supernova remnants from those with hard, nonthermal spectra such as X-ray binaries and background active galactic nuclei. Emission extended beyond the Chandra point-spread function is evident in 23 of the 394 sources. Cross-correlation of the ChASeM33 sources against previous catalogs of X-ray sources in M33 results in matches for the vast majority of the brighter sources and shows 28 ChASeM33 sources within 1000 of supernova remnants identified by prior optical and radio searches. This brings the total number of such associations to 31 out of 100 known supernova remnants in M33. C1 [Plucinsky, Paul P.; Gaetz, Terrance J.; Sasaki, Manami; Tuellmann, Ralph; Edgar, Richard J.; Grindlay, Jonathan; Kirshner, Robert] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Williams, Benjamin] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Long, Knox S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Pietsch, Wolfgang; Haberl, Frank] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Smith, Randall K.; Blair, William P.; Ghavamian, Parviz; Kuntz, Kip; Thilker, David A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Smith, Randall K.; Kuntz, Kip] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Helfand, David] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Winkler, P. Frank] Middlebury Coll, Dept Phys, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [De Avillez, Miguel] Univ Evora, Dept Math, P-7000 Evora, Portugal. [Breitschwerdt, Dieter] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Mazeh, Tsevi; Shporer, Avi] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Pannuti, Thomas G.] Morehead State Univ, Ctr Space Sci, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. RP Plucinsky, PP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM plucinsky@cfa.harvard.edu RI Sasaki, Manami/P-3045-2016; OI Sasaki, Manami/0000-0001-5302-1866; Haberl, Frank/0000-0002-0107-5237 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 174 IS 2 BP 366 EP 378 DI 10.1086/522942 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279GO UT WOS:000254343600005 ER PT J AU Rathborne, JM Lada, CJ Muench, AA Alves, JF Lombardi, M AF Rathborne, J. M. Lada, C. J. Muench, A. A. Alves, J. F. Lombardi, M. TI The nature of the dense core population in the Pipe Nebula: A survey of NH3, CCS, and HC5N molecular line emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; ISM : globules; ISM : molecules; stars : formation ID PRE-PROTOSTELLAR CORE; DARK CLOUDS; STAR-FORMATION; INTERSTELLAR AMMONIA; THERMOMETER AB Recent extinction studies of the Pipe Nebula (d = 130 pc) reveal many cores spanning a range in mass from 0.2 to 20.4M(circle dot). These dense cores were identified via their high extinction and comprise a starless population in a very early stage of development. Here we present a survey of NH3 (1,1), NH3 (2,2), CCS (2(1)-1(0)), and HC5N (9,8) emission toward 46 of these cores. An atlas of the 2MASS extinction maps is also presented. In total, we detect 63% of the cores in NH3 (1,1), 22% in NH3 (2,2), 28% in CCS, and 9% in HC5N emission. We find the cores are associated with dense gas (similar to 10(4) cm(-3)) with 9: 5 K <= T-K <= 17 K. Compared to (CO)-O-18, we find the NH3 line widths are systematically narrower, implying that the NH3 is tracing the dense component of the gas and that these cores are relatively quiescent. We find no correlation between core line width and size. The derived properties of the Pipe cores are similar to cores within other low-mass star-forming regions: the only differences are that the Pipe cores have weaker NH3 emission and most show no current star formation as evidenced by the lack of embedded infrared sources. Such weak NH3 emission could arise due to low column densities and abundances or reduced excitation due to relatively low core volume densities. Either alternative implies that the cores are relatively young. Thus, the Pipe cores represent an excellent sample of dense cores in which to study the initial conditions for star formation and the earliest stages of core formation and evolution. C1 [Rathborne, J. M.; Lada, C. J.; Muench, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alves, J. F.] Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Calar Alto Observ, Almeria 04004, Spain. [Lombardi, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Rathborne, JM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jrathborne@cfa.harvard.edu; clada@cfa.harvard.edu; gmuench@cfa.harvard.edu; jalves@caha.es; mlombard@eso.org NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 174 IS 2 BP 396 EP 425 DI 10.1086/522889 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279GO UT WOS:000254343600007 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. TI Global warming and amphibian extinctions in eastern Australia SO AUSTRAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphibian decline; chytrid fungus; climate change; epidemic disease; frog; Queensland; rainforest; species extinction ID RAIN-FOREST FROGS; EPIDEMIC DISEASE; POPULATION DECLINES; BATRACHOCHYTRIUM-DENDROBATIDIS; CATASTROPHIC DECLINE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS; ECOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; MORTALITY AB Pounds et al. recently argued that the dramatic, fungal pathogen-linked extinctions of numerous harlequin frogs (Atelopus spp.) in upland rainforests of South America mostly occurred immediately following exceptionally warm years, implicating global warming as a likely trigger for these extinctions. I tested this hypothesis using temperature data for eastern Australia, where at least 14 upland-rainforest frog species have also experienced extinctions or striking population declines attributed to the same fungal pathogen, and where temperatures have also risen significantly in recent decades. My analyses provide little direct support for the warm-year hypothesis of Pounds et al., although my statistical power to detect effects of small (0.5 degrees C) temperature increases was limited. However, I found stronger support for a modified version of the warm-year hypothesis, whereby frog declines were likely to occur following three consecutive years of unusually warm weather. This trend was apparent only at tropical latitudes, where rising minimum temperatures were greatest. Although much remains uncertain, my findings appear consistent with the notion that global warming could predispose some upland amphibian populations to virulent pathogens. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 51 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 56 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1442-9985 J9 AUSTRAL ECOL JI Austral Ecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01812.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248SL UT WOS:000252175400001 ER PT J AU Lee, RY Porubsky, WP Feller, IC Mckee, KL Joye, SB AF Lee, Rosalynn Y. Porubsky, William P. Feller, Ilka C. Mckee, Karen L. Joye, Samantha B. TI Porewater biogeochemistry and soil metabolism in dwarf red mangrove habitats (Twin Cays, Belize) SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE dwarf mangrove; nutrients; porewater; redox metabolites; sulfate reduction; methanogenesis ID VS. PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; SULFATE REDUCTION; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; NATURAL-WATERS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PORE-WATER; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; IRON REDUCTION AB Seasonal variability in biogeochemical signatures was used to elucidate the dominant pathways of soil microbial metabolism and elemental cycling in an oligotrophic mangrove system. Three interior dwarf mangrove habitats (Twin Cays, Belize) where surface soils were overlain by microbial mats were sampled during wet and dry periods of the year. Porewater equilibration meters and standard biogeochemical methods provided steady-state porewater profiles of pH, chloride, sulfate, sulfide, ammonium, nitrate/nitrite, phosphate, dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, reduced iron and manganese, dissolved inorganic carbon, methane and nitrous oxide. During the wet season, the salinity of overlying pond water and shallow porewaters decreased. Increased rainwater infiltration through soils combined with higher tidal heights appeared to result in increased organic carbon inventories and more reducing soil porewaters. During the dry season, evaporation increased both surface water and porewater salinities, while lower tidal heights resulted in less reduced soil porewaters. Rainfall strongly influenced inventories of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, possibly due to more rapid decay of mangrove litter during the wet season. During both times of year, high concentrations of reduced metabolites accumulated at depth, indicating substantial rates of organic matter mineralization coupled primarily to sulfate reduction. Nitrous oxide and methane concentrations were supersaturated indicating considerable rates of nitrification and/or incomplete denitrification and methanogenesis, respectively. More reducing soil conditions during the wet season promoted the production of reduced manganese. Contemporaneous activity of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis was likely fueled by the presence of noncompetitive substrates. The findings indicate that these interior dwarf areas are unique sites of nutrient and energy regeneration and may be critical to the overall persistence and productivity of mangrove-dominated islands in oligotrophic settings. C1 [Lee, Rosalynn Y.; Porubsky, William P.; Joye, Samantha B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Feller, Ilka C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Mckee, Karen L.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Layfayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Joye, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Room 220 Marine,Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mjoye@uga.edu RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Joye, Samantha/0000-0003-1610-451X; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 101 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD FEB PY 2008 VL 87 IS 2 BP 181 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9176-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 279MW UT WOS:000254360300006 ER PT J AU Berke, SK Woodin, SA AF Berke, Sarah K. Woodin, Sarah A. TI Tube decoration may not be cryptic for Diopatra cuprea (Polychaeta : Onuphidae) SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT RELATIONSHIPS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NEKTON USE; BOSC; BEHAVIOR AB Previous studies have suggested several adaptive functions for the decorated tube caps of Diopatra cuprea (Polychaeta: Onuphidae). We experimentally tested the hypothesis that decoration provides crypsis. A series of field experiments quantified predation-related damage done to tube caps that were (1) devoid of decoration, (2) decorated with algae, or (3) decorated with shell fragments. If decoration provides crypsis, then undecorated tube caps should experience more damage than decorated tube caps; this pattern was not observed. Decoration may still reduce predation rates by means other than crypsis, but these results strongly suggest that tube decoration does not interfere with predator recognition of D. cuprea tube caps and that crypsis is consequently not important in this system. C1 [Berke, Sarah K.; Woodin, Sarah A.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Berke, SK (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM skberke@gmail.com RI Woodin, Sarah/K-8481-2014 OI Woodin, Sarah/0000-0001-5615-2212 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 214 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 PG 7 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 262FH UT WOS:000253133900006 PM 18258775 ER PT J AU Robertson, DR Smith-Vaniz, WF AF Robertson, D. Ross Smith-Vaniz, William F. TI Rotenone: An essential but demonized tool for assessing marine fish diversity SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coral reef fishes; biodiversity research; rotenone sampling ID CLOVE OIL; RECOLONIZATION; ASSEMBLAGES; RESILIENCE; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; PERSISTENCE; ENVIRONMENT; STABILITY; TIDEPOOLS AB Coral reefs, one of the most biologically diverse and important ecosystems on Earth, are experiencing unprecedented and increasing ecological decline, yet the fish faunas of such reefs and other tropical shoreline habitats remain poorly known in man), areas. Rotenone, a natural substance traditionally used by subsistence fishers, is a uniquely efficient tool for sampling reef and other shore fishes for marine research. Unfortunately such sampling is perceived as being highly destructive, and increasing prohibitions against using rotenone in many countries will soon cripple essential research on reef-fish biodiversity worldwide. In this article we dispel common misconceptions about the environmental effects of small-scale rotenone sampling in marine research. C1 [Robertson, D. Ross] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Smith-Vaniz, William F.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Robertson, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. EM drr@stri.org; smithvaniz@gmail.com NR 46 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 2008 VL 58 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1641/B580211 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 264HE UT WOS:000253277600011 ER PT J AU Venzke, E Sennert, SK Wunderman, R AF Venzke, Edward Sennert, Sally Kuhn Wunderman, Richard TI Smithsonian institution's global volcanism network SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Information included in this summary is based on more detailed reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, vol. 32, no. 4, April 2007 (on the Internet at http://www.volcano.si.edu/). Edited by scientists at the Smithsonian, this bulletin includes reports provided by a worldwide network of correspondents. The reports contain the names and contact information for all sources. Please note that these reports are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. The Global Volcanism Program welcomes further reports of current volcanism, seismic unrest, monitoring data, and field observations. C1 [Venzke, Edward; Sennert, Sally Kuhn; Wunderman, Richard] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Venzke, E (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Global Volcanism Program, MRC 119,PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM gvp@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 70 IS 4 BP 537 EP 539 DI 10.1007/s00445-007-0170-1 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 259DJ UT WOS:000252919000007 ER PT J AU Venzke, E Sennert, SK Wunderman, R AF Venzke, Edward Sennert, Sally Kuhn Wunderman, Richard TI Smithsonian institution's Global Volcanism Network SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Information included in this summary is based on more detailed reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, vol. 32, no. 5, May 2007 (on the Internet at http://www.volcano.si.edu/). Edited by scientists at the Smithsonian, this bulletin includes reports provided by a worldwide network of correspondents. The reports contain the names and contact information for all sources. Please note that these reports are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. The Global Volcanism Program welcomes further reports of current volcanism, seismic unrest, monitoring data, and field observations. C1 [Venzke, Edward; Sennert, Sally Kuhn; Wunderman, Richard] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Venzke, E (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Global Volcanism Program, MRC 119,PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM gvp@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 70 IS 4 BP 541 EP 543 DI 10.1007/s00445-007-0173-y PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 259DJ UT WOS:000252919000008 ER PT J AU Ubelaker, DH AF Ubelaker, Douglas H. TI Tatham Mound and the bioarchaeology of European contact: Disease and depopulation in Central Gulf Coast Florida SO CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Ubelaker, Douglas H.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ubelaker, DH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM UBELAKED@si.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-7743 J9 CAMB ARCHAEOL J JI Camb. Archaeol. J. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1017/S0959774308000188 PG 3 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 355YD UT WOS:000259744600025 ER PT J AU Agnarsson, I Coddington, JA AF Agnarsson, Ingi Coddington, Jonathan A. TI Quantitative tests of primary homology SO CLADISTICS LA English DT Article ID SPIDERS ARANEAE; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RELATIVES ARANEAE; COBWEB SPIDERS; THERIDIIDAE; OPTIMIZATION; SIMILARITY; ARANEOIDEA AB In systematic biology homology hypotheses are typically based on points of similarity and tested using congruence, of which the two stages have come to be distinguished as "primary'' versus "secondary'' homology. Primary homology is often regarded as prior to logical test, being a kind of background assumption or prior knowledge. Similarity can, however, be tested by more detailed studies that corroborate or weaken previous homology hypotheses before the test of congruence is applied. Indeed testing similarity is the only way to test the homology of characters, as congruence only tests their states. Traditional homology criteria include topology, special similarity, function, ontogeny and step-counting (for example, transformation in one step versus two via loss and gain). Here we present a method to compare quantitatively the ability of such criteria, and competing homology schema, to explain morphological observations. We apply the method to a classic and difficult problem in the homology of male spider genital sclerites. For this test case topology performed better than special similarity or function. Primary homologies founded on topology resulted in hypotheses that were globally more parsimonious than those based on other criteria, and therefore yielded a more coherent and congruent nomenclature of palpal sclerites in theridiid spiders than prior attempts. Finally, we question whether primary homology should be insulated as "prior knowledge'' from the usual issues and demands that quantitative phylogenetic analyses pose, such as weighting and global versus local optima. (c) The Willi Hennig Society 2007. C1 [Agnarsson, Ingi; Coddington, Jonathan A.] Smithsonian Inst, NHB 105, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot & Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Agnarsson, I (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NHB 105, Dept Entomol, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM ingi@zoology.ubc.ca OI Coddington, Jonathan A./0000-0001-6004-7730 NR 64 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0748-3007 J9 CLADISTICS JI Cladistics PD FEB PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00168.x PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 258VF UT WOS:000252896900003 ER PT J AU Liu, IA Lohr, B Olsen, B Greenberg, R AF Liu, Irene A. Lohr, Bernard Olsen, Brian Greenberg, Russell TI Macrogeographic vocal variation in subspecies of Swamp Sparrow SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE geographic variation; Melospiza georgiana; song playbacks; subspecies divergence; Swamp Sparrow; vocalizations ID MELOSPIZA-GEORGIANA; MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; DIFFERENT DIALECTS; FEMALE RESPONSE; SONG SPARROWS; BIRD SONG; EVOLUTION; PLAYBACKS; SIGNAL AB Variation in song can play a central role in species and subspecies recognition among birds. The ability of individuals to distinguish between songs of their own versus songs of a different subspecies potentially strengthens local adaptation of subspecific populations. We investigated the degree of vocal divergence and discrimination between two subspecies of Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana) to examine how variation in song could influence behavioral response. We recorded songs of Southern (M. g. georgiana) and Coastal Plain (M. g. nigrescens) Swamp Sparrow males in Maryland and Delaware, respectively, and analyzed variation in syllable composition, repertoire size, trill rate, and frequency bandwidth. In addition to describing differences in song characteristics, we performed an estimate of local song type diversity that predicted larger population repertoires in M. g. nigrescens. We then broadcast recordings to evaluate male territorial responses to song and found that males reacted more strongly to songs of their own subspecies than to songs of the other subspecies. The extent of song variation and discrimination suggests the possibility of continued divergence. Further tests may determine whether such results can be generalized beyond the populations studied to the subspecies level, and whether females as well as males differentiate between songs from separate subspecies. C1 [Liu, Irene A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lohr, Bernard] No Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Highland Hts, KY 41099 USA. [Olsen, Brian] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Liu, IA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM irene.liu@duke.edu OI Olsen, Brian/0000-0001-5608-2779 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2008 VL 110 IS 1 BP 102 EP 109 DI 10.1525/cond.2008.110.1.102 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 295WN UT WOS:000255504900011 ER PT J AU Libsch, MM Batista, C Buehler, D Ochoa, I Brawn, J Ricklefs, RE AF Libsch, Michael M. Batista, Chelina Buehler, Deborah Ochoa, Isis Brawn, Jeffrey Ricklefs, Robert E. TI Nest predation in a neotropical forest occurs during daytime SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE nest activity; nest attentiveness; nest predation; parental investment; Skutch hypothesis; understory rainforest birds ID CLUTCH SIZE; BIRD NESTS; SUCCESS; RISK; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; PANAMA AB Alexander Skutch suggested that the threat of nest predation on tropical birds favors reduced activity near their nests. This hypothesis assumes that nest predation occurs during the day when adult birds are active, but few studies of tropical species have reported distributions of nest losses during the day-night cycle. We used thermistors placed in nests to record the time of nest predation events for species of understory rainforest birds during the incubation period. In our study, 14 of 21 nest-predation events (67%) occurred between 11:00 and 18:00 (EST), and none took place at night, between 19:00 and 06:00. Clearly, nest predation during incubation was primarily diurnal. Although a major premise of Skutch's hypothesis is supported, further research is needed to determine whether diurnal predators are attracted to nests by the movements of parent birds, begging of offspring, or other cues. C1 [Libsch, Michael M.; Brawn, Jeffrey] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Batista, Chelina; Buehler, Deborah; Ochoa, Isis] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Brawn, Jeffrey] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Ricklefs, Robert E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Libsch, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, 606 E Healey St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM ricklefs@umsl.edu NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2008 VL 110 IS 1 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1525/cond.2008.110.1.166 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 295WN UT WOS:000255504900020 ER PT J AU Blanco, JM Long, JA Gee, G Donoghue, AM Wildt, DE AF Blanco, Juan M. Long, Julie A. Gee, George Donoghue, Ann M. Wildt, David E. TI Osmotic tolerance of avian spermatozoa: Influence of time, temperature, cryoprotectant and membrane ion pump function on sperm viability SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spermatozoa; Turkey; crane; hypertonic; osmotic tolerance ID POULTRY SEMEN; FOWL SPERMATOZOA; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; CHICKEN SEMEN; GLYCEROL; CRYOPRESERVATION; RESISTANCE; DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; FERTILITY AB Potential factors influencing sperm survival under hypertonic, conditions were evaluated in the Sandhill crane (Grits canadensis) and turkey (Meleagridis gallopavo), Sperm os,motolerance (300-3000 mOsm/kg) was evaluated after: (1) equilibration times of 2, 10, 41 and 60 min at 4 degrees C versus 21 degrees C; (2) pre-equilibrating with dimethylacetamide (DMA) or dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO) at either 4 degrees C or 21 degrees C; and (3) inhibition of the Na+/K+ and the Na+/H+ antiporter membrane ionic pumps. Sperm viability was assessed using the eosin-nigrosin live/dead stain. Species-specific differences occurred in response to hypertonic conditions with crane sperm remaining viable under extreme hypertonicity (3000 mOsm/kg), whereas turkey sperm viability was compromised with only slightly hypertonic (500 mOsm/ kg) conditions. The timing of spermolysis under hypertonic conditions was also species-specific, with a shorter interval for turkey (2 min) than crane (10 min) sperm. Turkey sperm osmotolerance was slightly improved by lowering the incubation temperature from 21 to 4 degrees C. Pre-equilibrating sperm with DMA reduced the incidence of hypertonic spermolysis only in the crane, at both room and refrigeration temperature. Inhibiting the Na+/K+ and the Na+/H+ antiporter membrane ion pumps did not impair resistance of crane and turkey spermatozoa to hypertonic stress; pump inhibition actually increased turkey sperm survival compared to control sperm. Results demonstrate marked species specificity in osmotolerance between crane and turkey sperm, as well as in the way temperature and time of exposure affect sperm survival under hypertonic conditions. Differences are independent of the role of osmotic pumps in these species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Blanco, Juan M.; Long, Julie A.] USDA, ARS, ANRI, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Blanco, Juan M.; Gee, George] Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Blanco, Juan M.; Wildt, David E.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22652 USA. [Blanco, Juan M.] CERI Toledo, Ctr Studies Iberian Raptors, Toledo, Spain. [Donoghue, Ann M.] USDA, ARS, PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Long, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, ANRI, Biotechnol & Germplasm Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM julie.long@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2007.09.004 PG 7 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 265JT UT WOS:000253355600002 PM 18005955 ER PT J AU Pelican, KM Wildt, DE Ottinger, MA Howard, J AF Pelican, Katharine M. Wildt, David E. Ottinger, Mary A. Howard, JoGayle TI Priming with progestin, but not GnRH antagonist, induces a consistent endocrine response to exogenous gonadotropins in induced and spontaneously ovulating cats SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovulation; progesterone; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; ovary; fecal steroids ID LAPAROSCOPIC ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; SUBSEQUENT REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; EQUINE CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; DOMESTIC CAT; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE AB Ovarian sensitivity to exogenous gonadotropin stimulation (equine chorionic gonadotropin [eCG] and human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG]) following pre-treatment with a progestin (levonorgestrel) versus GnRH antagonist (antide) was studied in cats known to be induced versus spontaneous ovulators. Queens were assigned to one of three treatments: (1) levonorgestrel implants + eCG/hCG (n = 7 cats); (2) antide injections + eCG/hCG (n = 7) or (3) eCG/hCG alone (control; n = 7). Hormonal metabolites were assessed in fecal samples collected daily for 60 days before and during the 37 days inhibitory pre-treatment and for more than 60 days after eCG/hCG. Fecal metabolites of estradiol and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Females that maintained baseline progesterone were considered induced ovulators, whereas cats that exhibited a luteal phase before inhibition treatment were classified as spontaneous ovulators. Based on fecal hormone profiles, levonorgestrel thoroughly inhibited ovarian activity, whereas antide synchronized follicular phases but did not induce complete ovarian down-regulation. Both treatments prevented ovulation in spontaneous ovulators, but neither caused regression of existing corpora lutea (CL). Levonorgestrel, but not antide, pre-treatment resulted in a quiescent ovary at the time of eCG injection, yet endocrine responses to eCG/hCG were not different among treatments. Interestingly, spontaneously ovulating females exhibited a prolonged estradiol response to gonadotropin stimulation compared to induced ovulators, and this prolonged estradiol surge was replicated by levonorgestrel pre-treatment. Thus, the progestin levonorgestrel effectively suppresses follicular and luteal activity in the cat, resulting in a more consistent response to gonadotropin stimulation, even in females prone to spontaneous ovulation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pelican, Katharine M.; Wildt, David E.; Howard, JoGayle] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Pelican, Katharine M.; Ottinger, Mary A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pelican, KM (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM pelicank@si.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1K0-01-RR17310-01] NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 34 IS 2 BP 160 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.domaniend.2007.01.002 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 259AO UT WOS:000252911700005 PM 17369001 ER PT J AU Schmidt, ME Grunder, AL Rowe, MC AF Schmidt, Mariek E. Grunder, Anita L. Rowe, Michael C. TI Segmentation of the Cascade Arc as indicated by Sr and Nd isotopic variation among diverse primitive basalts SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cascadia; Sr isotopes; volcanic arc; subduction zone segmentation; primitive basalts; calcalkaline basalts; Mt. Lassen; Mt. Shasta; Medicine Lake; Crater Lake; Three Sisters; Mt. Jefferson; Mt. Adams; Mt. St. Helens; Simcoe; Glacier Peak; Garibaldi Belt ID MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO; SOUTHERN WASHINGTON CASCADES; HOSTED MELT INCLUSIONS; SUBDUCTION ZONE; TRACE-ELEMENT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CRATER LAKE; FORE-ARC; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; THERMAL STRUCTURE AB In the central Oregon Cascades, extension of the are has promoted eruption of primitive basalts that are of three types, calcalkaline (CAB), low K tholeiitic (LKT) and rare absarokitic (ABS) in the forearc. Based on a comparison with the distribution of primitive magma types and their Sr-87/Sr-86 and Nd-143/Nd-144 isotopic signature in the Cascades, we divide the arc into four segments that correspond to distinct tectonic settings and reflect mantle domains and melting regimes at depth. The segments are: 1) the North Segment from Mt. Meager to Glacier Peak; 2) the Columbia Segment from Mt. Rainier to Mt. Jefferson; 3) the Central Segment from the Three Sisters to Medicine Lake, and 4) the South Segment from Mt. Shasta to Lassen Peak. Calcalkaline basalts (CABs) are found all along the arc axis and are produced by fluxing of variable mantle domains by subduction-derived fluid. In the South Segment, the degree of fluxing and melting is greatest as indicated by high Sr-87/Sr-86 and Ba/Ce of CABs relative to other types of ambient basalt and is consistent with the greater abundance of high-Mg basaltic andesitc, relative to other segments. High flux and abundant melt is enhanced by the presence of a slab window and subduction of the altered and deformed Gorda Plate. In the northern part of the arc, small degrees of flux melting are coupled with the presence of an enriched mantle component to yield abundant high-field strength element-enriched (HFSE-rich) basalts. Extension and higher heat flow favors the production of abundant low potassium tholeiites LKT in the Central Segment. A distinct shift in Sr-87/Sr-86 of low LKTs occurs between the Columbia and Central Segments (0.7028 vs. 0.7034, respectively), which we interpret as juxtaposition of mantle of accreted oceanic terranes, including the enriched large igneous province Siletz Terrane, with encroaching mantle related to the adjacent Basin and Range Province. The latter, although depleted, carries an enrichment signature from an older subduction history. The segmentation presented here for the Cascade Arc provides a framework for testing the relative influences of the downgoing slab, mantle heterogeneity, and the tectonics and make up of the upper place. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schmidt, Mariek E.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Schmidt, Mariek E.; Grunder, Anita L.; Rowe, Michael C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schmidt, ME (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM schmidtm@si.edu NR 87 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 266 IS 1-2 BP 166 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.013 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 264GC UT WOS:000253274500012 ER PT J AU Jansen, PA Bohlman, SA Garzon-Lopez, CX Olff, H Muller-Landau, HC Wright, SJ AF Jansen, Patrick A. Bohlman, Stephanie A. Garzon-Lopez, Carol X. Olff, Han Muller-Landau, Helene C. Wright, S. Joseph TI Large-scale spatial variation in palm fruit abundance across a tropical moist forest estimated from high-resolution aerial photographs SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST; SATELLITE DATA; SPINY RATS; CROWN AREA; TREE; DIVERSITY; SIZE; LEAF; AVAILABILITY; POPULATIONS AB Fruit abundance is a critical factor in ecological studies of tropical forest animals and plants, but difficult to measure at large spatial scales. We tried to estimate spatial variation in fruit abundance on a relatively large spatial scale using low altitude, high-resolution aerial photography. We measured fruit production for all 555 individuals of the arborescent palm Astrocaryum standleyanum across 25 ha of mapped tropical moist forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, by visually counting fruits from the ground. Simultaneously, we used high-resolution aerial photographs to map sun-exposed crowns of the palm across the same area, which were then linked to ground-mapped stems. First, we verified that the fruit crop size of individual trees was positively associated with both crown presence on aerial photos and crown area visible on aerial photos. Then, we determined how well spatial variation in Astrocaryum fruit density across the study area was predicted by spatial densities of photo-detected crowns and crown area compared to spatial densities of ground-mapped stems and stem diameters. We found a positive association of fruit crop size with crown visibility on aerial photographs. Although representing just one third of all individuals in the study area, photo-detected crowns represented 57% of all fruits produced. The spatial pattern of photo-detected crowns was strongly correlated with the spatial pattern of fruit abundance based on direct fruit counts, and correctly showed the areas with the highest and lowest fruit abundances. The spatial density of photo-detected crowns predicted spatial variation in fruit abundance equally well as did the spatial density of ground-mapped stems. Photo-detected crown area did not yield a better prediction. Our study indicates that remote sensing of crowns can be a reliable and cost-effective method for estimating spatial variation in fruit abundance across large areas for highly distinctive canopy species. Our study is also among the few to provide empirical evidence for a positive relationship between crown exposure of forest trees and fruit production. C1 [Jansen, Patrick A.; Garzon-Lopez, Carol X.; Olff, Han] Univ Groningen, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. [Bohlman, Stephanie A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Muller-Landau, Helene C.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Wright, S. Joseph] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Jansen, PA (reprint author), Univ Groningen, POB 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. EM p.a.jansen@rug.nl RI Garzon-Lopez, Carol/G-6251-2014; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; Jansen, Patrick/G-2545-2015; Olff, Han/A-8516-2008 OI Garzon-Lopez, Carol/0000-0002-4099-2740; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Jansen, Patrick/0000-0002-4660-0314; Olff, Han/0000-0003-2154-3576 NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0906-7590.05151.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266ZN UT WOS:000253477500006 ER PT J AU Foley, DH Weitzman, AL Miller, SE Faran, ME Rueda, LM Wilkerson, RC AF Foley, Desmond H. Weitzman, Anna L. Miller, Scott E. Faran, Michael E. Rueda, Leopoldo M. Wilkerson, Richard C. TI The value of georeferenced collection records for predicting patterns of mosquito species richness and endemism in the Neotropics SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOCLIM; biogeography; collections; database; distribution; mosquito; Neotropics; species-area relationship; species endemism; species richness ID AREA RELATIONSHIPS; MALARIA VECTORS; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; CLASSIFICATION; EVOLUTIONARY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; ASSOCIATION AB 1. Determining large-scale distribution patterns for mosquitoes could advance knowledge of global mosquito biogeography and inform decisions about where mosquito inventory needs are greatest. 2. Over 43 000 georeferenced records are presented of identified and vouchered mosquitoes from collections undertaken between 1899 and 1982, from 1853 locations in 42 countries throughout the Neotropics. Of 492 species in the data set, 23% were only recorded from one location, and Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann is the most common species. 3. A linear log-log species-area relationship was found for mosquito species number and country area. Chile had the lowest relative density of species and Trinidad-Tobago the highest, followed by Panama and French Guiana. 4. The potential distribution of species was predicted using an Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) approach. Anopheles species had the largest predicted species ranges, whereas species of Deinocerites and Wyeomyia had the smallest. 5. Species richness was estimated for 1 degrees grids and by summing predicted presence of species from ENM. These methods both showed areas of high species richness in French Guiana, Panama, Trinidad-Tobago, and Colombia. Potential hotspots in endemicity included unsampled areas in Panama, French Guiana, Colombia, Belize, Venezuela, and Brazil. 6. Argentina, The Bahamas, Bermuda, Bolivia, Cuba, and Peru were the most under-represented countries in the database compared with known country species occurrence data. Analysis of species accumulation curves suggested patchiness in the distribution of data points, which may affect estimates of species richness. 7. The data set is a first step towards the development of a global-scale repository of georeferenced mosquito collection records. C1 [Foley, Desmond H.] Smithsonian Inst, MSC, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Foley, Desmond H.; Rueda, Leopoldo M.; Wilkerson, Richard C.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Entomol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Weitzman, Anna L.; Miller, Scott E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Faran, Michael E.] Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Foley, DH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, MSC, MRC534,4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM foleydes@si.edu RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Foley, Desmond/0000-0001-7525-4601; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 NR 69 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00927.x PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 253CF UT WOS:000252495600002 ER PT J AU Schnitzer, SA Londre, RA Klironomos, J Reich, PB AF Schnitzer, Stefan A. Londre, Ronald A. Klironomos, John Reich, Peter B. TI Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2: Comment SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; TEMPERATE FORESTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ENRICHMENT; GROWTH; PATTERNS; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; ABUNDANCE C1 [Schnitzer, Stefan A.; Londre, Ronald A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Schnitzer, Stefan A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Klironomos, John] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Schnitzer, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM Schnitze@uwm.edu OI Schnitzer, Stefan/0000-0002-2715-9455 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 89 IS 2 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1890/06-1609.1 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276EN UT WOS:000254124200029 PM 18409446 ER PT J AU Ma, S Luther, GW Keller, J Madison, AS Metzger, E Emerson, D Megonigal, JP AF Ma, Shufen Luther, George W., III Keller, Jason Madison, Andrew S. Metzger, Edouard Emerson, David Megonigal, J. Patrick TI Solid-state Au/Hg microelectrode for the investigation of Fe and mn cycling in a freshwater wetland: Implications for methane production SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE in situ voltammetry; gold/amalgam (Au/Hg) microelectrode; iron and manganese redox; methanogenesis; wetlands ID SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; DELAWARE INLAND BAYS; IN-SITU; CARBON OXIDATION; IRON; FE(III); O-2; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; RHIZOSPHERE; POREWATERS AB The solid-state voltammetric gold-amalgam microelectrode was used to measure multiple redox species (O, S, Fe and Mn) in situ at (sub)millimeter vertical resolution to elucidate rhizosphere processes in Jug Bay wetlands. In vegetated soil, a classic diagenetic redox sequence without any dissolved sulfide was observed in summer. However, the rhizosphere can be quite variable which is due to the introduction of O-2 to the anoxic sediments by plants. Innonvegetated soil, the vertical concentration-depth profiles were relatively constant. The presence of Fe(II), Mn(II) and soluble Fe(III) in deeper sediments indicates the oxidation of Fe(II) as well as the nonreductive dissolution of Fe(III) and the reductive dissolution of Fe(III) and Mn(III, IV) solids. Mn(III, IV) and Fe(III) redox chemistry is important in organic matter mineralization mediated by bacteria and in suppressing methane formation. In addition, Mn(III, IV) also can oxidize Fe(II) to supply Fe(III) for bacterial Fe(III) reduction. Studying Fe and Mn cycling via voltammetric methods can give insights to methane production and loss as there is no methane sensor for sediment work at present. C1 [Ma, Shufen; Luther, George W., III; Madison, Andrew S.; Metzger, Edouard] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Keller, Jason; Megonigal, J. Patrick] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Emerson, David] Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA USA. RP Ma, S (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. EM sma@udel.edu; luther@udel.edu RI Luther, III, George/A-6384-2008; metzger, edouard/D-1700-2010; OI Luther, III, George/0000-0002-0780-885X; metzger, edouard/0000-0002-5838-4540 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD FEB PY 2008 VL 20 IS 3 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1002/elan.200704048 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 263XD UT WOS:000253248900003 ER PT J AU Descampe, A Meskens, C Pasteels, J Windsor, D Hance, T AF Descampe, A. Meskens, C. Pasteels, J. Windsor, D. Hance, T. TI Potential and realized feeding niches of neotropical hispine beetles (Chrysomelidae : Cassidinae, Cephaloleiini) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hispinae; Cassidinae; Zingiberales; feeding niches; trophic selection ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; TROPICAL FOREST; INSECTS; EVOLUTION; SPECIALIZATION; ZINGIBERALES; COLEOPTERA AB Accurate descriptions of feeding habits are essential to understanding the evolution of dietary preferences and the high levels of diversification within the Chrysomelidae. Both primary observations and summaries suggest that the cassidine beetle tribe, Cephaloleiini, is a species-rich group of feeding specialists on monocot hosts. However, accurate host ranges are poorly defined for most hispine beetle species. To better document occurrence and feeding, we censused the Cephaloleiini associated with rolled leaves of five species of Marantaceae and six species of Heliconiaceae (Zingiberales) in lowland Central Panama. Additionally, we conducted choice and no-choice feeding tests on a subset of both the plants and beetles encountered in the censuses. Both types of data suggest that most species of Cephaloleiini feed on a greater variety of related plant species than has previously been reported. C1 [Descampe, A.; Meskens, C.; Hance, T.] Univ Catholique Louvain, Unite Ecol & Biogeog, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Pasteels, J.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Unite Ecoethol Evolut, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Windsor, D.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Descampe, A (reprint author), Univ Catholique Louvain, Unite Ecol & Biogeog, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. EM descampe@ecol.ucl.ac.be NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 224 EP 229 DI 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[224:PARFNO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 262XX UT WOS:000253183300025 PM 18348814 ER PT J AU Biber, PD Gallegos, CL Kenworthy, WJ AF Biber, Patrick D. Gallegos, Charles L. Kenworthy, W. Judson TI Calibration of a bio-optical model in the North River, North Carolina (Albemarle-Pamlico sound): A tool to evaluate water quality impacts on seagrasses SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE seagrass; optical model; water quality; Albemarle-Pamlico sound; turbidity; chlorophyll; colored dissolved organic matter ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; HABITAT REQUIREMENTS; SCATTERING COEFFICIENTS; DIFFUSE ATTENUATION; SPECTRAL ABSORPTION; LIGHT REQUIREMENTS; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; MARINE MACROALGAE; CHESAPEAKE BAY AB Seagrasses are typically light limited in many turbid estuarine systems. Light attenuation is due to water and three optically active constituents (OACs): nonalgal particulates, phytoplankton, and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Using radiative transfer modeling, the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of these three OACs were linked to the light attenuation coefficient, K(PAR), which was measured in North River, North Carolina, by profiles of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Seagrasses in the southern portion of Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System (APES), the second largest estuary in the USA, were found to be light limited at depths ranging from 0.87 to 2 m. This corresponds to a range of K(PAR) from 0.54 to 2.76 m(-1) measured during a 24-month monitoring program. Turbidity ranged from 2.20 to 35.55 NTU, chlorophyll a from 1.56 to 15.35 mg m(-3), and CDOM absorption at 440 nm from 0.319 to 3.554 m(-1). The IOP and water quality data were used to calibrate an existing bio-optical model, which predicted a maximum depth for seagrasses of 1.7 m using annual mean water quality values and a minimum light requirement of 22% surface PAR. The utility of this modeling approach for the management of seagrasses in the APES lies in the identification of which water quality component is most important in driving light attenuation and limiting seagrass depth distribution. The calibrated bio-optical model now enables researchers and managers alike to set water quality targets to achieve desired water column light requirement goals that can be used to set criteria for seagrass habitat protection in North Carolina. C1 [Biber, Patrick D.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Gallegos, Charles L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NOS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Biber, PD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM patrick.biber@usm.edu; gallegosc@si.edu; jud.kenworthy@noaa.gov OI Biber, Patrick/0000-0002-6358-0976; Gallegos, Charles/0000-0001-5112-0166 NR 68 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD FEB PY 2008 VL 31 IS 1 BP 177 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s12237-007-9023-6 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 259GF UT WOS:000252927100015 ER PT J AU Campbell, BA Carter, LM Hawke, BR Campbell, DB Ghent, RR AF Campbell, Bruce A. Carter, Lynn M. Hawke, B. Ray Campbell, Donald B. Ghent, Rebecca R. TI Volcanic and impact deposits of the Moon's Aristarchus Plateau: A new view from Earth-based radar images SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radar; moon; volcanism; cratering; impact deposits; pyroclastic ID LUNAR; REGION; GLASS AB Lunar pyroclastic deposits reflect an explosive stage of the basaltic volcanism that filled impact basins across the nearside. These fine-grained mantling layers are of interest for their association with early mare volcanic processes, and as possible sources of volatiles and other species for lunar outposts. We present Earth-based radar images, at 12.6 and 70 cm wavelengths, of the pyroclastic deposit that blankets the Aristarchus Plateau. The 70 cm data reveal the outlines of a lava-flow complex that covers a significant portion of the plateau and appears to have formed by spillover of magma from the large sinuous rille Vallis Schroteri. The pyroclastics mantling these flows are heavily contaminated with rocks 10 cm and larger in diameter. The 12.6 cm data confirm that other areas are mantled by 20 m or less of material, and that there are numerous patches of 2 cm and larger rocks associated with ejecta from Aristarchus crater. Some of the radar-detected rocky debris is within the mantling material and is not evident in visible-wavelength images. The radar data identify thick, rock-poor areas of the pyroclastic deposit best suited for resource exploitation. C1 [Campbell, Bruce A.; Carter, Lynn M.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hawke, B. Ray] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Campbell, Donald B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ghent, Rebecca R.] Univ Toronto, Ctr Earth Sci, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. RP Campbell, BA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, MRC 315, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RI Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2008 VL 36 IS 2 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1130/G24310A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 257WN UT WOS:000252829600010 ER PT J AU Leather, SR Basset, Y Hawkins, BA AF Leather, Simon R. Basset, Yves Hawkins, Bradford A. TI Insect Conservation and Diversity - a new journal for the Royal Entomological Society SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Leather, Simon R.] Imperial Coll London, Div Biol, Ascot, Berks, England. [Basset, Yves] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Hawkins, Bradford A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Leather, SR (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, Div Biol, Silwood Pk Campus, Ascot, Berks, England. RI Hawkins, Bradford/A-3510-2011; Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014 NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1752-458X J9 INSECT CONSERV DIVER JI Insect. Conserv. Divers. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2007.00009.x PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 398VA UT WOS:000262758400001 ER PT J AU Basset, Y Missa, O Alonso, A Miller, SE Curletti, G De Meyer, M Eardley, CL Lewis, OT Mansell, MW Novotny, V Wagner, T AF Basset, Yves Missa, Olivier Alonso, Alfonso Miller, Scott E. . Curletti, Gianfranco De Meyer, Marc Eardley, Conna L. Lewis, Owen T. Mansell, Mervyn W. Novotny, Vojtech Wagner, Thomas TI Choice of metrics for studying arthropod responses to habitat disturbance: one example from Gabon SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Additive diversity partitioning; biodiversity; nestedness; parataxonomist; species loss ID SPECIES RICHNESS; BETA-DIVERSITY; NESTEDNESS TEMPERATURE; INSECT HERBIVORES; SPATIAL VARIATION; TROPICAL FORESTS; CONSERVATION; GRADIENT; COMMUNITIES AB 1. The choice of metrics comparing pristine and disturbed habitats may not be straightforward. We examined the results of a study in Gabon including 21 arthropod focal taxa representing 16 855 individuals separated into 1534 morphospecies. Replication included the understorey of 12 sites representing four stages of land use after logging ( old and young forests, savanna and gardens), surveyed for 1 year using three sampling methods. 2. For all focal taxa, we calculated a suite of 13 metrics accounting for the intensity of faunal changes between habitats, namely: abundance; observed, rarefied and estimated species richness; proportion of rare species; additive diversity partitioning; evenness of assemblages; higher taxonomic composition; species turnover; ordination scores of multivariate analyses; nestedness; proportion of site-specific species and ratios of functional guilds. 3. Most metrics showed large differences between forests and non-forest habitats, but were not equally discriminating for particular taxa. Despite higher taxonomic groups being present in most habitats, many insect species were site or habitat specific. There was little evidence that the disturbance gradient represented a series of impoverished habitats derived from older forests. Rather, entire suites of species were being replaced as habitats were modified. 4. Metrics based on species identity had a high sensitivity to disturbance, whereas measurements describing community structure were less discriminating in this regard. We recommend using metrics based on abundance, estimated species richness, species turnover estimated by multivariate analyses and guild structure, to avoid misleading interpretations that may result from comparisons of species richness alone. C1 [Basset, Yves] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Missa, Olivier] Univ York, Dept Biol, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Alonso, Alfonso] Smithsonian Inst, Monitoring & Assessment Biodivers Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Miller, Scott E. .] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Curletti, Gianfranco] Museo Civ Storia Nat, Carmagnola, TO, Italy. [De Meyer, Marc] Royal Museum Cent Africa, Tervuren, Belgium. [Eardley, Conna L.] Plant Protect Res Inst, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Lewis, Owen T.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Mansell, Mervyn W.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Novotny, Vojtech] Univ S Bohemia, Czech Acad Sci, Ctr Biol, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Novotny, Vojtech] Univ S Bohemia, Sch Biol Sci, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Wagner, Thomas] Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Integrierte Nat Wissensch Biol, Koblenz, Germany. RP Basset, Y (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM bassety@si.edu RI Missa, Olivier/G-2687-2012; Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014; Novotny, Vojtech/G-9434-2014; OI Missa, Olivier/0000-0002-4330-5192; Novotny, Vojtech/0000-0001-7918-8023; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 NR 35 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1752-458X J9 INSECT CONSERV DIVER JI Insect. Conserv. Divers. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2007.00011.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 398VA UT WOS:000262758400008 ER PT J AU Leather, SR Basset, Y Hawkins, BA AF Leather, Simon R. Basset, Yves Hawkins, Bradford A. TI Insect conservation: finding the way forward SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIODIVERSITY; EXTINCTION; DIVERSITY; HOTSPOTS; TAXONOMY; PATTERNS; RESOURCE; WILL C1 [Leather, Simon R.] Imperial Coll London, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Basset, Yves] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Hawkins, Bradford A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Leather, SR (reprint author), Imperial Coll London, Div Biol, Silwood Pk Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. EM S.leather@imperial.ac.uk RI Hawkins, Bradford/A-3510-2011; Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1752-458X J9 INSECT CONSERV DIVER JI Insect. Conserv. Divers. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 1 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2007.00005.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 398VA UT WOS:000262758400009 ER PT J AU Box, H Butynski, TM Chapman, CA Lwanga, JS Oates, JF Olupot, W Rudran, R Waser, PM AF Box, Hilary Butynski, Thomas M. Chapman, Colin A. Lwanga, Jeremiah S. Oates, John F. Olupot, William Rudran, Rudy Waser, Peter M. TI Thomas T. Struhsaker: Recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of the International Primatological Society 2006 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item ID MONKEYS CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS; CONSERVATION; AFRICA; UGANDA; FOREST C1 [Waser, Peter M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Box, Hilary] Univ Reading, Sch Psychol, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. [Butynski, Thomas M.] Arcadia Univ, Bioko Biodivers Protect Program, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya. [Chapman, Colin A.] McGill Univ, Dept Anthropol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. [Chapman, Colin A.] McGill Univ, McGill Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. [Chapman, Colin A.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Lwanga, Jeremiah S.] Makerere Univ, Biol Field Stn, Ft Portal, Uganda. [Oates, John F.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Anthropol, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Oates, John F.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Olupot, William] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Kampala, Uganda. [Rudran, Rudy] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Directorate Conservat & Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Waser, PM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM pwaser@bilbo.bio.purdue.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0291 J9 INT J PRIMATOL JI Int. J. Primatol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s10764-007-9155-3 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 271CA UT WOS:000253765300003 ER PT J AU Smith, RW AF Smith, Robert W. TI Beyond the galaxy: The development of extragalactic astronomy 1885-1965, part 1 SO JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY LA English DT Review ID PHOTOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Hist & Class, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Smith, Robert W.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Smith, RW (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Hist & Class, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. EM rwsmith@ualberta.ca NR 119 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE HISTORY PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 16 RUTHERFORD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 2HH, ENGLAND SN 0021-8286 J9 J HIST ASTRON JI J. Hist. Astron. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 39 BP 91 EP 119 PN 1 PG 29 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 259JL UT WOS:000252935500006 ER PT J AU Gusset, M Ryan, SJ Hofmeyr, M van Dyk, G Davies-Mostert, HT Graf, JA Owen, C Szykman, M Macdonald, DW Monfort, SL Wildt, DE Maddock, AH Mills, MGL Slotow, R Somers, MJ AF Gusset, Markus Ryan, Sadie J. Hofmeyr, Markus van Dyk, Gus Davies-Mostert, Harriet T. Graf, Jan A. Owen, Cailey Szykman, Micaela Macdonald, David W. Monfort, Steven L. Wildt, David E. Maddock, Anthony H. Mills, M. Gus L. Slotow, Rob Somers, Michael J. TI Efforts going to the dogs? Evaluating attempts to re-introduce endangered wild dogs in South Africa SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African wild dog; evaluation; evidence-based conservation; Lycaon pictus; MARK; meta-population; monitoring; re-introduction; survival analysis ID HLUHLUWE-UMFOLOZI PARK; MADIKWE-GAME-RESERVE; LYCAON-PICTUS; MARKED ANIMALS; NATIONAL-PARK; CONSERVATION; REINTRODUCTION; TRANSLOCATION; SUCCESS; ECOLOGY AB 1. We evaluated one of the most extensive efforts to date to re-introduce an endangered species: attempts to establish an actively managed meta-population of African wild dogs Lycaon pictus in South Africa. 2. Using an information-theoretic approach, known-fate modelling in program MARK was employed to estimate the survival of re-introduced wild dogs and their offspring, and to model covariate effects relative to survival. Multiple a priori hypotheses on correlates of re-introduction success were tested (collated from extensive individual experiences) using different re-introduction attempts as natural quasi experiments. 3. Survival analyses revealed that the determinants of re-introduction success can be reduced to two factors relevant for management, suggesting that wild dog re-introductions should be attempted with socially integrated animals that are released into securely fenced areas, unless measures are implemented to mitigate human-related mortalities outside protected areas. 4. Synthesis and application. This study illustrates that monitoring and evaluation of conservation efforts, complimented with expert knowledge, forms the foundation of informed decision-making to underpin management recommendations with scientific evidence, particularly if the proposed actions are controversial. C1 [Gusset, Markus; van Dyk, Gus; Graf, Jan A.; Owen, Cailey; Slotow, Rob] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Gusset, Markus; Somers, Michael J.] Univ Pretoria, Ctr Wildlife Management, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Ryan, Sadie J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ryan, Sadie J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ryan, Sadie J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hofmeyr, Markus] S African Natl Parks, Vet Wildlife Serv, ZA-1350 Skukuza, South Africa. [Davies-Mostert, Harriet T.; Macdonald, David W.] Univ Oxford, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Abingdon OX13 5QL, Oxon, England. [Davies-Mostert, Harriet T.] Endangered Wildlife Trust, ZA-2122 Parkview, South Africa. [Owen, Cailey] KERI Res, ZA-1200 Nelspruit, South Africa. [Szykman, Micaela; Monfort, Steven L.; Wildt, David E.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Szykman, Micaela] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Maddock, Anthony H.] Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Peterborough PE1 1JY, England. [Mills, M. Gus L.] Univ Pretoria, Tony & Lisette Lewis Fdn, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Mills, M. Gus L.] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Somers, Michael J.] Univ Pretoria, DST NRF Ctr Excellence Invas Biol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Gusset, M (reprint author), Botswana Predator Conservat Program, Private Bag 13, Maun, Botswana. EM mgusset@bluewin.ch RI Somers, Michael/A-1523-2008; Ryan, Sadie/H-1595-2012; OI Ryan, Sadie/0000-0002-4308-6321; Slotow, Rob/0000-0001-9469-1508; Szykman Gunther, Micaela/0000-0002-7822-8094; /0000-0002-5836-8823 NR 65 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 100 EP 108 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01357.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254AJ UT WOS:000252558400012 ER PT J AU Meyer, CFJ Frund, J Lizano, WP Kalko, EKV AF Meyer, Christoph F. J. Fruend, Jochen Lizano, Willy Pineda Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Ecological correlates of vulnerability to fragmentation in Neotropical bats SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chiroptera; ecological traits; habitat fragmentation; land-bridge islands; Panama; sensitivity; vulnerability ID FOREST FRAGMENTS; EXTINCTION RISK; VERTICAL STRATIFICATION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SPECIES SENSITIVITY; PHYLLOSTOMID BATS; ATLANTIC FOREST; DIVERSITY; BRAZIL; LANDSCAPE AB 1. In the face of widespread human-induced habitat fragmentation, identification of those ecological characteristics that render some species more vulnerable to fragmentation than others is vital for understanding, predicting and mitigating the effects of habitat alteration on biodiversity. We compare hypotheses on the causes of interspecific differences in fragmentation sensitivity using distribution and abundance data collected on 23 species of Neotropical bats. 2. Bats were captured over a 2-year period on 11 land-bridge islands in Gatun Lake, Panama, and on the adjacent mainland. We derived a series of explanatory variables from our capture data and from the literature: (1) natural abundance in continuous forest, (2) body mass, (3) trophic level, (4) dietary specialization, (5) vertical stratification, (6) edge-sensitivity, (7) mobility, (8) wing morphology (aspect ratio and relative wing loading) and (9) ecologically scaled landscape indices (ESLIs). After phylogenetic correction, these variables were used separately and in combination to assess their association with two indices of fragmentation sensitivity, species prevalence (proportion of islands occupied) as well as an index of change in abundance. 3. Model selection based on Akaike's information criterion identified edge-sensitivity as the best correlate of vulnerability to fragmentation. Natural abundance and mobility or traits linked to mobility (relative wing loading and ESLI) received limited support as predictors. Vulnerability of gleaning animalivorous bats is probably caused by a combination of these traits. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our findings emphasize the importance of a local-scale approach in developing predictive models of species fragmentation sensitivity and indicate that risk assessments of Neotropical bats could be based on species tolerance to habitat edges and mobility-related traits. We suggest that, in order to be effective, management efforts should aim to minimize the amount of edge-habitat and reduce the degree of fragment-matrix contrast. Moreover, if high bat diversity is to be preserved in fragmented Neotropical landscapes, conservation measures regarding reserve design should assure spatial proximity to source populations in larger tracts of continuous forest and a low degree of remnant isolation. C1 [Meyer, Christoph F. J.; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Fruend, Jochen] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Anim Ecol & Trop Biol, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Lizano, Willy Pineda] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose 126711000, Costa Rica. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. RP Meyer, CFJ (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM christoph.meyer@uni-ulm.de RI Meyer, Christoph/A-4363-2012; OI Meyer, Christoph/0000-0001-9958-8913; Frund, Jochen/0000-0002-7079-3478; Pineda Lizano, Willy/0000-0001-8309-6164 NR 55 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 7 U2 65 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1 BP 381 EP 391 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01389.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254AJ UT WOS:000252558400041 ER PT J AU Inanez, JG Speakman, RJ Garrigos, JB Glascock, MD AF Inanez, Javier Garcia Speakman, Robert J. Buxeda i Garrigos, Jaume Glascock, Michael D. TI Chemical characterization of majolica from 14th-18th century production centers on the Iberian Peninsula: a preliminary neutron activation study SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE majolica; neutron activation analysis; provenance; multivariate statistics; Iberian Peninsula; Medieval and Renaissance pottery ID POTTERY; CERAMICS; MEXICO; GLAZES AB Majolica pottery is one of the most characteristic tableware produced during the Medieval and Renaissance periods. Majolica technology was introduced to the Iberian Peninsula by Islamic artisans during Medieval times, and its production and popularity rapidly spread throughout Spain and eventually to other locations in Europe and the Americas. The prestige and importance of Spanish majolica was very high. Consequently,. this ware was imported profusely to the Americas during the Spanish Colonial period. Nowadays, Majolica pottery serves as an important horizon marker at Spanish colonial sites. A preliminary study of Spanish-produced majolica was conducted on a set of 246 samples from the 12 primary majolica production centers on the Iberian Peninsula. The samples were analyzed by neutron activation analysis (NAA), and the resulting data were interpreted using an array of multivariate statistical procedures. Our results show a clear discrimination between different production centers. In some cases, our data allow one to distinguish amongst shards coming from the same production location suggesting different workshops or group of workshops were responsible for production of this pre-industrial pottery. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Inanez, Javier Garcia; Buxeda i Garrigos, Jaume] Univ Barcelona, Fac Geog & Hist, ERAUB, Barcelona, Spain. [Speakman, Robert J.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Glascock, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Inanez, JG (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Geog & Hist, ERAUB, Cl Montalegre,6-8, Barcelona, Spain. EM javiergarcia@ub.edu RI Buxeda i Garrigos, Jaume/E-7228-2014; OI Buxeda i Garrigos, Jaume/0000-0001-6857-8448; Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556; Inanez, Javier/0000-0002-1411-8099; Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 425 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2007.04.007 PG 16 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 260JP UT WOS:000253006900021 ER PT J AU Vargas, S Guzman, HM Breedy, O AF Vargas, Sergio Guzman, Hector M. Breedy, Odalisca TI Distribution patterns of the genus Pacifigorgia (Octocorallia : Gorgoniidae): track compatibility analysis and parsimony analysis of endemicity SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Gorgoniidae; historical biogeography; marine biogeography; octocoral biogeography; Octocorallia; Pacifigorgia; parsimony analysis of endemicity; track compatibility analysis; tropical eastern Pacific ID HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; EASTERN PACIFIC; CARIBBEAN REEFS; EXTINCTION; SPECIATION; EVOLUTION; BPA AB Aim We analysed the distribution patterns of the eastern Pacific octocoral genus Pacifigorgia and deduced its ancestral distribution to determine why Pacifigorgia is absent from the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean of central America, and the Antilles. We also examined the current patterns of endemism for Pacifigorgia to look for congruence between hot spots of endemism in the genus and generally recognized areas of endemism for the eastern Pacific. Location The tropical eastern Pacific and western Atlantic, America. Methods We used track compatibility analysis (TCA) and parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) to derive ancestral distribution patterns and hot spots of endemism, respectively. Distributional data for Pacifigorgia were gathered from several museum collections and from fieldwork, particularly in the Pacific of Costa Rica and Panama. Results A single generalized track joined the three main continental eastern Pacific biogeographical provinces and the western Atlantic. This track can be included within a larger eastern Atlantic-eastern Pacific transoceanic track that may be the oldest transoceanic track occurring in the region. PAE results designate previously recognized eastern Pacific biogeographical provinces as Pacifigorgia hot spots of endemism. The number of endemic species, which for other taxonomic groups is similar among the eastern Pacific provinces, is higher in the Panamic province for Pacifigorgia. Main conclusions We propose that the absence of Pacifigorgia from the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean of central America, and the Antilles is the result of an ancient absence of the genus from these areas rather than the consequence of a major, recent, extinction episode. The Cortez province and the Mexican province appear together as a result of either non-response to vicariance or dispersal across the Sinaloan Gap. We posit that the Central American Gap acts as a barrier that separates the Panamic province from the northern Cortez-Mexican province. C1 [Vargas, Sergio; Breedy, Odalisca] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Museo Zool, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Guzman, Hector M.; Breedy, Odalisca] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Vargas, S (reprint author), Apdo 26, San Jose 1100, Costa Rica. EM sergio.vargasr@ecci.ucr.ac.cr RI Vargas, Sergio/A-5678-2011 OI Vargas, Sergio/0000-0001-8704-1339 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01810.x PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 251TA UT WOS:000252396600006 ER PT J AU Baeza, JA Anker, A AF Baeza, J. Antonio Anker, Arthur TI Lysmata hochi n. sp., a new hermaphroditic shrimp from the southwestern Caribbean sea (caridea : hippolytidae) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atlantic; biogeography; Caribbean; hermaphrodites; hippolytidae; Lysmata ID PROTANDRIC SIMULTANEOUS HERMAPHRODITISM; MARINE SHRIMP; WURDEMANNI CARIDEA; SEXUAL SYSTEM; REDESCRIPTION; CRUSTACEA; DECAPODA AB Lysmata hochi n. sp., a new peppermint shrimp, is described from Bocas del Toro, Caribbean coast of Panama. All individuals were collected on near-shore fossil coral terraces with deep channels and caves, sparsely covered with seagrass. Besides the:type locality, L. hochi n. sp. also occurs in Cahuita, Costa Rica, in a similar type of habitat. The new species can be distinguished from other species of Lysmata by the presence of an unguis-shaped accessory branch on the lateral antennular flagellum; the rostrum with three dorsal teeth, followed by two mid-dorsal teeth on the carapace posterior to the orbital margin; the number of carpal segments of the second pereiopod ranging from 21 to 24; the presence of two to four ventrolateral spines on the merus of the third pereiopod; the dactylus of the third to fifth pereiopod bearing two spines in addition to a bifurcated inguis; and the conspicuous color pattern, especially the irregular bright red bands on the pleon. Based on morphology and (where known) color patterns, L. hochi n. sp. appears to be most closely related to the Indo-West Pacific L. kuekenthali (De Man) and the eastern Atlantic L. uncicornis Holthuis and Maurin. Anatomical observations, field population studies and laboratory experiments indicate that L. hochi n. sp. is a protandric simultaneous hermaphrodite, with a primary male phase followed by a simultaneous hermaphrodite phase. C1 [Baeza, J. Antonio; Anker, Arthur] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM baezaa@si.edu; ankera@si.edu OI Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1651/07-2839R.1 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 254WH UT WOS:000252618200013 ER PT J AU Wisely, SM Statham, MJ Fleischer, RC AF Wisely, Samantha M. Statham, Mark J. Fleischer, Robert C. TI Pleistocene refugia and holocene expansion of a grassland-dependent species, the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferret; fossil record; museum specimen; Mustela nigripes; Pleistocene refugia; population genetics; range expansion ID FISHER MARTES-PENNANTI; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LATE QUATERNARY; COLUMBIA BASIN; ANCIENT DNA AB Climate change during the late Quaternary has been implicated as the cause of both massive range shifts and extinction events. We combined molecular marker data and previously published fossil data to reconstruct the late Quaternary history of a grassland-dependent species, the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), and to determine whether populations from Pleistocene refugia in the Columbia Basin, eastern Beringia, and Great Plains persisted into the Holocene and Recent eras. Using DNA extracted from 97 museum specimens of extirpated populations, we amplified 309 bp of the mtDNA control region, and 8 microsatellite markers from the nuclear genome. Overall haplotype diversity from 309 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was low (5 haplotypes, nucleotide diversity = 0.001 +/- 0.001 SD) and was contained within a single phylogenetic clade. The star phylogeny and unimodal mismatch distribution indicated that a rapid range expansion from a single Pleistocene refugium occurred. Microsatellite data corroborated this genetic pattern: populations from the mixed grasslands of the Great Plains had significantly higher expected heterozygosity and allelic richness than populations to the west (HE = 0.66 versus 0.41, AR = 4.3 versus 2.7, respectively), and 0, a measure of relative population size, was substantially greater in the east than west (2.4 versus 0.7). We infer from these data that black-footed ferrets rapidly colonized western ecoregions in a stepwise fashion from the Great Plains to the intermountain regions of the Rocky Mountains and the Colorado Plateau after the last ice age. It appears that glacial retreat and global warming caused both range expansion and localized extinction in this North American mustelid species. C1 [Wisely, Samantha M.; Statham, Mark J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Wisely, SM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM m4sely@ksu.edu NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 19 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-077.1 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 266WJ UT WOS:000253467900011 ER PT J AU Jackson, M Zink, LR McCarthy, MC Perez, L Brown, JM AF Jackson, Michael Zink, Lyndon R. McCarthy, Michael C. Perez, Luis Brown, John M. TI The far-infrared and microwave spectra of the CH radical in the nu=1 level of the X-2 Pi state SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE free radical; rotational spectroscopy; laser magnetic resonance; far-infrared laser frequencies; CH radical; lambda-type doubling; nuclear hyperfine structure; vibrational dependence ID LASER MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED-LEVELS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; INTERSTELLAR CH; SPECTROSCOPY; FREQUENCIES; TRANSITIONS; PARAMETERS AB Transitions between the spin-rotational levels of the (CH)-C-12 radical in the nu=1 level of the X-2 Pi state have been studied by the technique of laser magnetic resonance at far-infrared wavelengths. The data have been combined with a measurement of lambda-doubling transition frequencies at 7 GHz to determine an improved set of molecular parameters for CH in the nu=1 level. The parameters provide information on the effects of vibrational excitation on the structural properties of CH. Accurate predictions of the transition frequencies between the low-lying levels of the radical in the absence of a magnetic field have also been made. Small inconsistencies in the least-squares fit of the laser magnetic resonance data prompted re-measurement of three far-infrared laser frequencies, the 122.5 mu m line of CH2F2 pumped by 9R(22), the 122.5 mu m line of CH2F2 pumped by 9P(8) and the 554.4 mu m line of CH2CF2 pumped by IOP(14). The new measurements differ by as much as 3.8 MHz from those made previously and are more accurate; they also remove the inconsistencies in the fit. The re-measured frequencies of the two 122.5 pm lines are identical within experimental error which suggests that the far-infrared lasing transition is the same, namely the R-r(23)(32)) transition in the nu(9)=1 level of CH2F2. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, Michael; Zink, Lyndon R.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perez, Luis; Brown, John M.] Univ Oxford, Theoret & Phys Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM jmb@physchem.ox.ac.uk NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 247 IS 2 BP 128 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2007.11.001 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 260JY UT WOS:000253007800002 ER PT J AU Mendoza-Franco, EF Violante-Gonzalez, J Vidal-Martinez, VM AF Mendoza-Franco, Edgar F. Violante-Gonzalez, Juan Vidal-Martinez, Victor M. TI New species of Rhabdosynochus Mizelle and Blatz 1941 (Monogenoidea : Diplectanidae) from the gills of centropomid fishes (Teleostei) off the Pacific coast of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRES-PALOS LAGOON; PERCIFORMES; GENUS; DACTYLOGYRIDEA; OSTEICHTHYES AB In the course of the investigations into the fish parasites in the Tres Palos Lagoon in the State of Guerrero off the Pacific coast of Mexico, the following diplectanid species (Monogenoidea) from the gills of centropomids were found: Rhabdosynochus alterinstitus n. sp. from Centropomus nigrescens; Rhabdosynochus lituparvus n. sp., Rhabdosynochus volucris n. sp., and Rhabdosynochus siliquaus n. sp. from Centropomus robalito (Centropomidae). The apparent synapomorphic character supporting a sister relationship of these diplectanids is a single, sheathlike accessory piece comprising 3 distal branches of the male copulatory organ. The origin of the present diplectanid on centropomids is discussed, and it is suggested that this may be the result of allopatric speciation as a result of the uplift of the Panamanian Isthmus, thereby separating the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans during Pleistocene (3-5 million yr ago). C1 [Mendoza-Franco, Edgar F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Isl Labs, Panama City, Panama. [Violante-Gonzalez, Juan] Univ Autonoma Guerrero, Unidad Acad Ecol Marina, Acapulco 39390, Guerrero, Mexico. [Vidal-Martinez, Victor M.] CINVESTAV, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Parasitol Lab, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Mendoza-Franco, EF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Isl Labs, Apartado 0843-03092 Balboa, Panama City, Panama. EM oberon.men@gmail.com RI Vidal-Martinez, Victor/B-5607-2009 OI Vidal-Martinez, Victor/0000-0001-5514-2127 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1645/GE-1241.1 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 270PC UT WOS:000253731700005 PM 18372618 ER PT J AU Faust, MA Vandersea, MW Kibler, SR Tester, PA Litaker, RW AF Faust, Maria A. Vandersea, Mark W. Kibler, Steven R. Tester, Patricia A. Litaker, R. Wayne TI Prorocentrum levis, a new benthic species (dinophyceae) from a mangrove island, twin cays, belize SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENUS PROROCENTRUM; OKADAIC ACID; SP. NOV; DINOFLAGELLATE; CIGUATERA; MACULOSUM; TOXIN; LIMA; IDENTIFICATION; PYRROPHYTA AB As part of a long-term study of benthic dinoflagellates from the Belizean barrier reef system, we report a new species: Prorocentrum levis M. A. Faust, Kibler, Vandersea, P. A. Tester et Litaker sp. nov. P. levis cells are oval in valve view and range in size from 40 to 44 mu m long and 37 to 40 mu m wide. Each valve surface is smooth, with 221-238 valve pores and 99-130 marginal pores. These pores are uniformly small and range in diameter from 0.13 to 0.19 mu m. Asexual reproduction in P. levis is atypical, occurring within a hyaline envelope, and produces long branching chains of adherent cells. A phylogenetic analysis of SSU rDNA indicated that of the Prorocentrum species sequenced so far, P. levis was most closely related to P. concavum. P. levis produces okadaic acid and dinophysis toxin-2 (DTX2). Further, SEM observations and SSU rDNA sequence for P. belizeanum M. A. Faust, which was isolated at the same time, are also presented. C1 [Faust, Maria A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Natl Herbarium, Dept Bot, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Vandersea, Mark W.; Kibler, Steven R.; Tester, Patricia A.; Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Faust, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Natl Herbarium, Dept Bot, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM faustm@si.edu NR 48 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00450.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 260BO UT WOS:000252986000029 PM 27041058 ER PT J AU Hobbs, SA AF Hobbs, Susan A. TI The wings of a butterfly: Pastels by Thomas Wilmer Dewing SO MAGAZINE ANTIQUES LA English DT Article C1 [Hobbs, Susan A.] Smithsonian Amer Art Museum, Washington, DC USA. [Hobbs, Susan A.] Freer Gallery Art, Washington, DC USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRANT PUBL, INC PI NEW YORK PA 575 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0161-9284 J9 MAG ANTIQUES JI Mag. Antiq. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 173 IS 2 BP 72 EP 79 PG 8 WC Art SC Art GA 257ZY UT WOS:000252839400011 ER PT J AU Glynn, PW Colley, SB Mate, JL Cortes, J Guzman, HM Bailey, RL Feingold, JS Enochs, IC AF Glynn, P. W. Colley, S. B. Mate, J. L. Cortes, J. Guzman, H. M. Bailey, R. L. Feingold, J. S. Enochs, I. C. TI Reproductive ecology of the azooxanthellate coral Tubastraea coccinea in the equatorial eastern pacific: Part V. Dendrophylliidae SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GALAPAGOS-ISLANDS ECUADOR; GULF-OF-MEXICO; COSTA-RICA; EL-NINO; STYLOPHORA-PISTILLATA; REEF CORALS; RED-SEA; PANAMA; SCLERACTINIA; RECRUITMENT AB The reproductive ecology of Tubastraea coccinea Lesson, an azooxanthellate tropical scleractinian coral, was studied over various periods from 1985 to 2006 at four principal eastern Pacific locations in Costa Rica, Panamai, and the Galaipagos Islands (Ecuador). This small (polyp diameter 0.8-1.0 cm), relatively cryptic species produced ova and planulae year round, including colonies with as few as 2-10 polyps. Of 424 colonies examined histologically, 13.7% contained both ova and sperm. Mature ova varied in diameter from similar to 300 to 800 mu m and the time from spawning and fertilization of oocytes to release of brooded planulae was about 6 weeks. Planulae were 0.5-1.5 mm long and they settled and metamorphosed on a variety of substrates after 1-3 days. Spermaries, though more difficult to distinguish in histological sections, were present throughout the year. Spent spermaries were never observed in sections, but several colonies in Panamai and the Galaipagos Islands released sperm from night one to night five after full moon, indicating the potential for cross-fertilization among colonies. Planula release was observed at Uva Island (Panamai) in March, May, June, and July, and in general planula presence was higher at warm ocean temperatures at all sites, whether or not the sites were influenced by seasonal upwelling. Annual fecundity estimates for T. coccinea are comparable with other high fecundity brooding species, including the zooxanthellate Porites panamensis, with which it co-occurs in Panamai. Tubastraea coccinea is widely distributed in the tropical Indo-Pacific and has colonized substrates in the western Atlantic. In addition to the reproductive characteristics described in the present study, other features of the biology of T. coccinea, such as an ability to withstand conditions that produce bleaching and mortality in zooxanthellate species, may account for its widespread, low-latitude distribution in multiple oceans. C1 [Glynn, P. W.; Enochs, I. C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Colley, S. B.] PBS&J, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33309 USA. [Mate, J. L.; Guzman, H. M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City 084303092, Panama. [Cortes, J.] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Feingold, J. S.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanograph Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Glynn, PW (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu RI Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 NR 64 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 153 IS 4 BP 529 EP 544 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0827-5 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 252YO UT WOS:000252484100004 ER PT J AU Rawlinson, KA AF Rawlinson, Kate A. TI Biodiversity of coastal polyclad flatworm assemblages in the wider Caribbean SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STYLOCHUS-MEDITERRANEUS TURBELLARIA; NORWEGIAN CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PSEUDOCEROTIDAE PLATYHELMINTHES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; TERRICOLA; EURYLEPTIDAE; TRICLADIDA; SEA AB Polyclads are mobile predators and possibly an important functional component of hard substrate marine environments globally. To understand the natural patterns of spatial differences, polyclad assemblages were sampled in seven coastal regions across the wider Caribbean spanning 15 degrees latitude and 24 degrees longitude between May and June 2005 and May and September 2006. In total, 67 species in 28 genera and 17 families were recorded from 62 sites. Only two species were found in all surveyed regions, Melloplana ferruginea and Pseudoceros bicolor. Conversely, 41 species were restricted to one or two sites, and 34 species were represented by one or two individuals. The distribution and abundance of species varied between the two suborders. Cotyleans were most species rich and had a higher number of species of restricted range, while Acotylea showed a higher proportion of rare species; however, two species were highly abundant comprising over half of the individuals counted. In most habitats, polyclads were rare, but in some intertidal habitats two species, Styloplanocera fasciata and Boninia divae were densely aggregated and dominant members of the benthic epifauna. Alpha diversity was variable but showed no evidence of a relationship with latitude, longitude or depth. Beta diversity increased with the number of habitats sampled and was highest for cotyleans. Highest gamma diversity was recorded in Jamaica and the US Virgin Islands and was not significantly correlated to alpha diversity. Overall assemblages from the seven regions were similar, revealing faunal homogeneity across the wider region. Reef assemblages were distinct from other habitats dominated by species of the Cotylea. Reefs from Panama and the US Virgin Islands were the most species rich. C1 [Rawlinson, Kate A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Rudman Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Rawlinson, KA (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM rawlinsonk@si.edu NR 57 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 153 IS 5 BP 769 EP 778 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0845-3 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 258NV UT WOS:000252875500002 ER PT J AU Heaney, PJ Post, JE Fischer, TB Hummer, DR Lopano, CL Wall, AJ AF Heaney, P. J. Post, J. E. Fischer, T. B. Hummer, D. R. Lopano, C. L. Wall, A. J. TI Applications of time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction to cation exchange, crystal growth and biomineralization reactions SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on the Geochemistry of the Earths Surface (GES-8) CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL London, ENGLAND SP Mineral Soc Great Britain & Ireland, Int Assoc Geochem & Cosmochem Working Grp Geochem Earths Surface, Nat Hist Museum AB Advances in the design of environmental reaction cells and in the collection of X-ray diffraction data are transforming Our ability to study mineral-fluid interactions. The resulting increase in time resolution now allows for the determination of rate laws for mineral reactions that are coupled to atomic-scale changes in crystal structure. Here we address the extension of time-resolved synchrotron diffraction techniques to four areas of critical importance to the cycling of metals in soils: (1) cation exchange (2) biomineralization; (3) stable isotope fractionation during redox reactions; and (4) nucleation and growth of nanoscale oxyhydroxides. C1 [Heaney, P. J.; Fischer, T. B.; Hummer, D. R.; Lopano, C. L.; Wall, A. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Post, J. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist NHB 119, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Heaney, PJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM heaney@geosc.psu.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC PI TWICKENHAM PA 12 BAYLIS MEWS, AMYAND PARK ROAD,, TWICKENHAM TW1 3HQ, MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.179 PG 6 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 344RV UT WOS:000258945900039 ER PT J AU Yuri, T Kimball, RT Braun, EL Braun, MJ AF Yuri, Tamaki Kimball, Rebecca T. Braun, Edward L. Braun, Michael J. TI Duplication of accelerated evolution and growth hormone gene in passerine birds SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE relaxation of selection; positive selection; subfunctionalization; Passeriformes ID AMINO-ACID SITES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; DNA-SEQUENCES; FUNCTIONAL DIVERGENCE; STATISTICAL-METHODS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; INFERENCE; PITUITARY; CHICKEN; MODELS AB We report the discovery of a duplication of the growth hormone (GH) gene in a major group of birds, the passerines (Aves: Passeriformes). Phylogenetic analysis of 1.3-kb partial DNA sequences of GH genes for 24 species of passerines and numerous outgroups indicates that the duplication occurred in the ancestral lineage of extant passerines. Both duplicates and their open-reading frames are preserved throughout the passerine clade, and both duplicates are expressed in the zebra finch brain, suggesting that both are likely to be functional. The estimated rates of amino acid evolution are more than 10-fold higher in passerine GH genes than in those of their closest nonpasserine relatives. In addition, although the 84 codons sequenced are generally highly conserved for both passerines and nonpasserines, comparisons of the nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratios and the rate of predicted amino acid changes indicate that the 2 gene duplicates are evolving under different selective pressures and may be functionally divergent. The evidence of differential selection, coupled with the preservation of both gene copies in all major lineages since the origin of passerines. suggests that the duplication may be of adaptive significance, with possible implications for the explosive diversification of the passerine clade. C1 [Yuri, Tamaki; Braun, Michael J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Suitland, MD USA. [Yuri, Tamaki; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Braun, Michael J.] Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yuri, T (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tyuri@ufl.edu RI Kimball, Rebecca/C-2290-2009; OI Braun, Edward/0000-0003-1643-5212; Kimball, Rebecca/0000-0001-5449-5481 NR 73 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 25 IS 2 BP 352 EP 361 DI 10.1093/molbev/msm260 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 269FL UT WOS:000253634800013 PM 18048401 ER PT J AU Remigio, EA Duda, TF AF Remigio, E. A. Duda, T. F., Jr. TI Evolution of ecological specialization and venom of a predatory marine gastropod SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conotoxins; Conus; ecological specialization; gene expression ID CONUS VENOMS; GENUS CONUS; PEPTIDES; CONOTOXINS; DIVERSITY; DIVERSIFICATION; SUPERFAMILY; EXPRESSION; ABUNDANCE; RECEPTOR AB Understanding the evolution of ecological specialization is important for making inferences about the origins of biodiversity. Members of the predatory, marine gastropod genus Conus exhibit a variety of diets and the ability to capture prey is linked to a venom comprised of peptide neurotoxins, termed conotoxins. We identified conotoxin transcripts from Conus leopardus, a species of Conus that uniquely preys exclusively on hemichordates, and compared its venom duct transcriptome to that of four other Conus species to determine whether a shift to a specialized diet is associated with changes in the venom composition of this species. We also examined the secondary structure of predicted amino acid sequences of conotoxin transcripts of C. leopardus to identify substitutions that may be linked to specialization on hemichordates. We identified seven distinct conotoxin sequences from C. leopardus that appear to represent transcripts of seven distinct loci. Expression levels and the diversity of conotoxins expressed by C. leopardus are considerably less than those of other Conus. Moreover, gene products of two transcripts exhibited unique secondary structures that have not been previously observed from other Conus. These results suggest that transition to a specialist diet is associated with reduction in the number of components expressed in venoms of Conus and that diverse venoms of Conus are maintained in species with a broad dietary width. C1 [Remigio, E. A.; Duda, T. F., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duda, T. F., Jr.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Remigio, EA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM tfduda@umich.edu NR 36 TC 24 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1156 EP 1162 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03627.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 258WI UT WOS:000252900200017 PM 18221274 ER PT J AU Rocha, M Jonsson, P Primack, JR Cox, TJ AF Rocha, Miguel Jonsson, Patrik Primack, Joel R. Cox, T. J. TI Dust attenuation in hydrodynamic simulations of spiral galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; methods : numerical; dust, extinction; galaxies : spiral ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; DISK-DOMINATED GALAXIES; INTERNAL EXTINCTION; STELLAR LIGHT; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; COLOR GRADIENTS; STAR-FORMATION; ULTRAVIOLET; OPACITY AB We study the effects of dust in hydrodynamic simulations of spiral galaxies when different radial metallicity gradients are assumed. SUNRISE, a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, is used to make detailed calculations of the internal extinction of disc galaxies caused by their dust content. SUNRISE is used on eight different smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of isolated spiral galaxies. These galaxies vary mainly in mass and hence luminosity, spanning a range in luminosities from -16 to -22 mag in the B band. We focus on the attenuation in different wavelength bands as a function of the disc inclination and the luminosity of the models, and compare this to observations. Observations suggest different metallicity gradients for galaxies of different luminosities. These metallicity gradients were explored in our different models, finding that the resulting dust attenuation matches observations for edge-on galaxies, but does not show a linear behaviour in log (axialratio) as some observations have suggested. A quadratic law describing the dependence of attenuation on inclination, as proposed by more recent observations, reconciles the attenuation of the simulations at intermediate inclinations with observations. We also compare the total infrared-to-ultraviolet flux ratios for the simulated galaxies with those of the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey sample and find general agreement. Finally, we compare our results with those from simpler models that do not take into account structures such as spiral arms, finding that the inclusion of substructures on the size scale of spiral arms does not change conclusions about the attenuation dependence on inclination or wavelength. C1 [Rocha, Miguel; Jonsson, Patrik; Primack, Joel R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Primack, Joel R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Cox, T. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rocha, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM mrocha@scipp.ucsc.edu; patrik@ucolick.org; joel@scipp.ucsc.edu; tcox@cfa.harvard.edu NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 4 BP 1281 EP 1291 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12431.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 252LB UT WOS:000252446900001 ER PT J AU Valenti, S Benetti, S Cappellaro, E Patat, F Mazzali, P Turatto, M Hurley, K Maeda, K Gal-Yam, A Foley, RJ Filippenko, AV Pastorello, A Challis, P Frontera, F Harutyunyan, A Iye, M Kawabata, K Kirshner, RP Li, W Lipkin, YM Matheson, T Nomoto, K Ofek, EO Ohyama, Y Pian, E Poznanski, D Salvo, M Sauer, DN Schmidt, BP Soderberg, A Zampieri, L AF Valenti, S. Benetti, S. Cappellaro, E. Patat, F. Mazzali, P. Turatto, M. Hurley, K. Maeda, K. Gal-Yam, A. Foley, R. J. Filippenko, A. V. Pastorello, A. Challis, P. Frontera, F. Harutyunyan, A. Iye, M. Kawabata, K. Kirshner, R. P. Li, W. Lipkin, Y. M. Matheson, T. Nomoto, K. Ofek, E. O. Ohyama, Y. Pian, E. Poznanski, D. Salvo, M. Sauer, D. N. Schmidt, B. P. Soderberg, A. Zampieri, L. TI The broad-lined type Ic supernova 2003jd SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE supernovae : general; supernovae : individual; 2003jd; supernovae : individual : 1996aq ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; STRIPPED-ENVELOPE SUPERNOVAE; HYPERNOVA SN 1998BW; LIGHT CURVES; NEBULAR SPECTRA; OFF-AXIS; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; IA SUPERNOVAE; MASSIVE STAR; 1ST MONTH AB The results of a worldwide coordinated observational campaign on the broad-lined Type Ic supernova (SN Ic) 2003jd are presented. In total, 74 photometric data points and 26 spectra were collected using 11 different telescopes. SN 2003jd is one of the most luminous SN Ic ever observed. A comparison with other Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic) confirms that SN 2003jd represents an intermediate case between broad-line events (2002ap, 2006aj) and highly energetic SNe (1997ef, 1998bw, 2003dh, 2003lw), with an ejected mass of M-ej = 3.0 +/- 1M(circle dot) and a kinetic energy of Ek(tot)=7(-2)(+3) x 10(51) erg. SN 2003jd is similar to SN 1998bw in terms of overall luminosity, but it is closer to SNe 2006aj and 2002ap in terms of light-curve shape and spectral evolution. The comparison with other SNe Ic suggests that the V-band light curves of SNe Ic can be partially homogenized by introducing a time-stretch factor. Finally, because of the similarity of SN 2003jd to the SN 2006aj/XRF 060218 event, we discuss the possible connection of SN 2003jd with a gamma-ray burst (GRB). C1 [Valenti, S.; Frontera, F.] Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Valenti, S.; Patat, F.] European Org Astron Res So Hemisphere, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Benetti, S.; Cappellaro, E.; Turatto, M.; Harutyunyan, A.; Zampieri, L.] Astron Observ Padova, INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Mazzali, P.; Maeda, K.; Sauer, D. N.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Mazzali, P.; Pian, E.] Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Hurley, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Maeda, K.] Univ Tokyo, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Earth Sci & Astron, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. [Gal-Yam, A.; Ofek, E. O.; Soderberg, A.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Foley, R. J.; Filippenko, A. V.; Li, W.; Poznanski, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pastorello, A.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Challis, P.; Kirshner, R. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Frontera, F.] Inst Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Bologna, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Iye, M.] NAOJ, Div Opt & Infrared Astron, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Kawabata, K.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Lipkin, Y. M.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lipkin, Y. M.] Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Matheson, T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Nomoto, K.] Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Nomoto, K.] Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Ohyama, Y.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Dept Infrared Astrophys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Salvo, M.; Schmidt, B. P.] Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. RP Valenti, S (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dept Phys, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM svalenti@eso.org RI Sauer, Daniel/A-3033-2012; Nomoto, Ken'ichi/A-4393-2011; OI Sauer, Daniel/0000-0002-0317-5063; Benetti, Stefano/0000-0002-3256-0016; Cappellaro, Enrico/0000-0001-5008-8619; Patat, Ferdinando/0000-0002-0537-3573; Turatto, Massimo/0000-0002-9719-3157; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287; Zampieri, Luca/0000-0002-6516-1329; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858 NR 77 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 4 BP 1485 EP 1500 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12647.x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 252LB UT WOS:000252446900017 ER PT J AU Cortese, L Minchin, RF Auld, RR Davies, JI Catinella, B Momjian, E Rosenberg, JL Taylor, R Gavazzi, G O'Neil, K Baes, M Boselli, A Bothun, G Koribalski, B Schneider, S Van Driel, W AF Cortese, L. Minchin, R. F. Auld, R. R. Davies, J. I. Catinella, B. Momjian, E. Rosenberg, J. L. Taylor, R. Gavazzi, G. O'Neil, K. Baes, M. Boselli, A. Bothun, G. Koribalski, B. Schneider, S. van Driel, W. TI The Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey - II. A H-I view of the abell cluster 1367 and its outskirts SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies : clusters : individual : A1367; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : peculiar; radio lines : galaxies ID TULLY-FISHER RELATION; FAST ALPHA SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GAS-RICH GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; VIRGO CLUSTER; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; COMA SUPERCLUSTER; NEARBY CLUSTERS AB We present 21 cm HI line observations of 5 x 1 deg(2) centred on the local Abell cluster 1367 obtained as part of the Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey. One hundred sources are detected ( 79 new HI measurements and 50 new redshifts), more than half belonging to the cluster core and its infalling region. Combining the HI data with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) optical imaging, we show that our HI selected sample follows scaling relations similar to the ones usually observed in optically selected samples. Interestingly, all galaxies in our sample appear to have nearly the same baryon fraction independently of their size, surface brightness and luminosity. The most striking difference between HI and optically selected samples resides in their large-scale distribution: whereas optical and X-ray observations trace the cluster core very well, in HI there is almost no evidence of the presence of the cluster. Some implications on the determination of the cluster luminosity function and H (I) distribution for samples selected at different wavelength are also discussed. C1 [Cortese, L.; Auld, R. R.; Davies, J. I.; Taylor, R.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. [Minchin, R. F.; Catinella, B.; Momjian, E.] NAIC, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Catinella, B.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Rosenberg, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gavazzi, G.] Univ Milan, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [O'Neil, K.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Baes, M.] Univ Ghent, Sterrenkundig Observ, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Boselli, A.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille, France. [Bothun, G.] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Koribalski, B.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. [Schneider, S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [van Driel, W.] Observ Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Momjian, E.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Cortese, L (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. EM luca.cortese@astro.cf.ac.uk RI Minchin, Robert/F-6343-2012; Baes, Maarten/I-6985-2013; OI Minchin, Robert/0000-0002-1261-6641; Baes, Maarten/0000-0002-3930-2757; Catinella, Barbara/0000-0002-7625-562X; Cortese, Luca/0000-0002-7422-9823 NR 83 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 4 BP 1519 EP 1537 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12664.x PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 252LB UT WOS:000252446900021 ER PT J AU Irwin, J Hodgkin, S Aigrain, S Bouvier, J Hebb, L Moraux, E AF Irwin, Jonathan Hodgkin, Simon Aigrain, Suzanne Bouvier, Jerome Hebb, Leslie Moraux, Estelle TI The Monitor project: rotation of low-mass stars in the open cluster NGC 2547 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques : photometric; surveys; stars : rotation; open clusters and associations; individual : NGC 2547 ID ALPHA-PERSEI CLUSTER; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; YOUNG OPEN CLUSTERS; X-RAY-EMISSION; LITHIUM DEPLETION BOUNDARY; PHOTOMETRIC LIGHT CURVES; ORION ULTRADEEP PROJECT; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; K-DWARFS AB We report on the results of an I-band time-series photometric survey of NGC 2547 using the MPG/ESO 2.2-m telescope with Wide Field Imager, achieving better than 1 per cent photometric precision per data point over 14 less than or similar to I less than or similar to 18. Candidate cluster members were selected from a V versus V - I colour - magnitude diagram over 12.5 < V < 24 (covering masses from 0.9 M-circle dot down to below the brown dwarf limit), finding 800 candidates, of which we expect similar to 330 to be real cluster members, taking into account contamination from the field (which is most severe at the extremes of our mass range). Searching for periodic variations in these gave 176 detections over the mass range 0.1 less than or similar to M/M-circle dot less than or similar to 0.9. The rotation period distributions were found to show a clear mass-dependent morphology, qualitatively intermediate between the distributions obtained from similar surveys in NGC 2362 and 2516, as would be expected from the age of this cluster. Models of the rotational evolution were investigated, finding that the evolution from NGC 2362 to 2547 was qualitatively reproduced ( given the uncertainty in the age of NGC 2547) by solid body and core-envelope decoupled models from our earlier NGC 2516 study without need for significant modification. C1 [Irwin, Jonathan; Hodgkin, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Irwin, Jonathan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Aigrain, Suzanne] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Astrophys Grp, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Bouvier, Jerome; Moraux, Estelle] Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Hebb, Leslie] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. RP Irwin, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM jmi@ast.cam.ac.uk NR 79 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 4 BP 1588 EP 1602 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12669.x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 252LB UT WOS:000252446900025 ER PT J AU Wesson, R Barlow, MJ Liu, XW Storey, PJ Ercolano, B De Marco, O AF Wesson, R. Barlow, M. J. Liu, X-W. Storey, P. J. Ercolano, B. De Marco, O. TI The hydrogen-deficient knot of the 'born-again' planetary nebula Abell 58 (V605 Aql) SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; planetary nebulae : individual; Abell 58 ID HELIUM SHELL FLASH; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES; RECOMBINATION-LINE; SAKURAIS OBJECT; EVOLUTION; NOVAE; STARS; RICH; EMISSION AB We have analysed deep optical spectra of the 'born-again' planetary nebula Abell 58 and its hydrogen-deficient knot, surrounding V605 Aql, which underwent a nova-like eruption in 1919. Our analysis shows that the extinction towards the central knot is much higher than previously thought, with c(H beta) = 2.0. The outer nebula is less reddened, with c(H beta) = 1.04. We find that the outer nebula has a Ne/O ratio higher than the average PN value. The electron temperature we derive for the central knot varies widely depending on the diagnostic used. The [O(III)] nebular-to-auroral transition ratio gives a temperature of 20 800 K, while the ratio of the [N(II)] nebular and auroral lines gives T(e) = 15 200 K. The helium line ratios lambda 5876/lambda 4471 and lambda 6678/lambda 4471 imply temperatures of 350 and 550 K, respectively. Weakly temperature-sensitive O(II) recombination line ratios imply similarly low electron temperatures. Abundances derived from recombination lines are vastly higher than those found from collisionally excited lines, with the abundance discrepancy factor (ADF) for O(2+) reaching 89 - the second highest known value after that found for the hydrogen-deficient knots in Abell 30. The observed temperature diagnostics and abundances support the idea that, like Abell 30, the knot of Abell 58 contains some very cold ionized material. Although the central star is carbon-rich (C/O > 1), the knot is found to be oxygen-rich, a situation not predicted by the single-star 'born-again' theory of its formation. We compare the known properties of Abell 58 to those of Abell 30, Sakurai's Object and several novae and nova remnants. We argue that the abundances in the ejecta observed in A 30 and A 58 have more in common with neon novae than with Sakurai's Object, which is believed to have undergone a final helium flash. In particular, the C/O ratio of less than unity and the presence of substantial quantities of neon in the ejecta of both Abell 30 and Abell 58 are not predicted by very late thermal pulse models. C1 [Wesson, R.; Barlow, M. J.; Storey, P. J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Liu, X-W.] Peking Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Ercolano, B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [De Marco, O.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Wesson, R (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM rwesson@star.ucl RI Barlow, Michael/A-5638-2009 OI Barlow, Michael/0000-0002-3875-1171 NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 4 BP 1639 EP 1648 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12683.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 252LB UT WOS:000252446900028 ER PT J AU Svenning, JC Fabbro, T Wright, SJ AF Svenning, J. -C. Fabbro, T. Wright, S. J. TI Seedling interactions in a tropical forest in Panama SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; competition; generalized linear mixed models; plant community assembly; neutral theory ID RAIN-FOREST; TREE SEEDLINGS; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; CANOPY GAPS; DENSITY; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; COMPETITION AB Competition is believed to be a central force limiting local diversity and controlling the structure of plant communities. However, it has been proposed that the stressed understory environment limits total understory plant density to such low levels that competitive exclusion cannot be an important factor limiting the local diversity of understory plants. To evaluate the importance of inter-seedling competition, we performed a seedling competition experiment with five shade-tolerant species in a tropical moist forest in Panama. Three-month-old seedlings were transplanted into the forest singly or with their roots intertwined with a single conspecific or heterospecific seedling in all pairwise species combinations. If competition is important, performance (survival, stem height, and number of leaves after one and six years) would be expected to be lowest with a conspecific neighbor and greatest without a neighbor. The experiment was replicated in five 0.24-m(-2) plots at each of 20 sites in tall secondary forest. To test whether seedling performance differed among treatments we fitted linear mixed models (LMM) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM), treating species identity and microsite (site and plot) as random effects. The five shade-tolerant study species all experienced good establishment with relatively high survival and growth rates. The neighbor treatment consistently affected seedling performance, but the effect was always very small, both in absolute terms and relative to the much stronger species and microsite effects. Seedlings with a conspecific neighbor consistently performed worse than seedlings with a heterospecific neighbor, but having no neighbor generally did not cause superior performance relative to the other treatments. We conclude that direct competitive interactions are relatively unimportant among understory plants in humid tropical forests. C1 [Svenning, J. -C.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Svenning, J. -C.; Wright, S. J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084003092, Ancon, Panama. [Fabbro, T.] Univ Basel, Unit Evolutionary Biol, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. RP Svenning, JC (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Biol Sci, Ny Munkegade,Bygn 1540, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM svenning@biology.au.dk RI Svenning, Jens-Christian/C-8977-2012; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 54 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD FEB PY 2008 VL 155 IS 1 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0884-y PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 255EM UT WOS:000252640000015 PM 17965886 ER PT J AU Chen, GX AF Chen, Guo-Xin TI Relativistic distorted-wave procedures with pseudostates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; X-RAY ASTROPHYSICS; FE-XVII; COLLISION STRENGTHS; CROSS-SECTIONS; IONS; SCATTERING; PACKAGE AB The relativistic distorted-wave (RDW) procedures developed by Chen [Phys. Rev. A 53, 3227 (1996)] have been extended to include pseudostates. The RDW procedures with pseudostates are applied to the calculation of electron impact excitation (EIE) of Fe XVII. Pseudostates are shown to have a significant effect on the cross sections for important transitions such as 3C (lambda=15.015 angstrom) and 3D (lambda=15.262 angstrom) of Fe XVII. The convergence of the RDW calculations has been carefully investigated. The present RDW calculations of Fe XVII are further compared with our previous close coupling results using the fully relativistic Dirac R-matrix (DRM) method, where resonance and more complete channel coupling effects were included in addition to the background direct excitations. The present RDW calculations are in good agreement to the background cross sections from the DRM calculations. This agreement indicates the mutual confirmation of the validity of both the RDW and the DRM calculations of the direct or background EIE cross sections. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chen, GX (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2 AR 022701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.022701 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 271BM UT WOS:000253763900066 ER PT J AU Chen, GX AF Chen, Guo-Xin TI Relativistic close-coupling calculation of photoionization and photorecombination of Fe XVI SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; R-MATRIX CALCULATIONS; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; EMISSION; SPECTRA AB Large-scale relativistic close-coupling calculation of photoionization and photorecombination of Fe XVI reveal strong resonance structures at low energies. The Breit-Pauli R-matrix method was employed in the calculations with the inclusion of 89 spectroscopic states in the close-coupling eigenfunction expansion. Our unified photorecombination cross sections show significant differences from previous results. The Gaussian averaged effective photorecombination cross sections to the 2p(6)3d(3/2,5/2) states of Fe XVI are shown to be 24% larger than those used for normalization by Brown et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 253201 (2006)]. This result should help resolve the issue raised in Brown's paper on the puzzling large discrepancy between theoretical and experimental electron impact excitation cross sections of Fe XVII. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chen, GX (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2 AR 022703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.022703 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 271BM UT WOS:000253763900068 ER PT J AU Hooper, D Zaharijas, G Finkbeiner, DP Dobler, G AF Hooper, Dan Zaharijas, Gabrijela Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Dobler, Gregory TI Prospects for detecting dark matter with GLAST in light of the WMAP haze SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; GALACTIC-CENTER; BLACK-HOLE; ANNIHILATIONS; EMISSION; TELESCOPE; DIRECTION; EGRET AB Observations by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) experiment have identified an excess of microwave emission from the center of the Milky Way. It has previously been shown that this "WMAP haze" could be synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons and positrons produced in the annihilations of dark matter particles. In particular, the intensity, spectrum, and angular distribution of the WMAP haze is consistent with an electroweak scale dark matter particle (such as a supersymmetric neutralino or Kaluza-Klein dark matter in models with universal extra dimensions) annihilating with a cross section on the order of sigma v similar to 3 x 10(-26) cm(3)/s and distributed with a cusped halo profile. No further exotic astrophysical or annihilation boost factors are required. If dark matter annihilations are in fact responsible for the observed haze, then other annihilation products will also be produced, including gamma rays. In this article, we study the prospects for the GLAST satellite to detect gamma rays from dark matter annihilations in the Galactic Center region in this scenario. We find that by studying only the inner 0.1 degrees around the Galactic Center, GLAST will be able to detect dark matter annihilating to heavy quarks, gauge bosons, or tau leptons over astrophysical backgrounds with 5 sigma (3 sigma) significance if they are lighter than approximately 320-500 GeV (500-750 GeV). If the angular window is broadened to study the dark matter halo profile's angular extension (while simultaneously reducing the astrophysical backgrounds), weakly interacting, massive particles (WIMPs) as heavy as several TeV can be identified by GLAST with high significance. Only if the dark matter particles annihilate mostly to electrons or muons will GLAST be unable to identify the gamma ray spectrum associated with the WMAP haze. C1 [Hooper, Dan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Zaharijas, Gabrijela] Argonne Natl Lab, JEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Dobler, Gregory] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hooper, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Zaharijas, Gabrijela/0000-0001-8484-7791 NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB PY 2008 VL 77 IS 4 AR 043511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.77.043511 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 271BV UT WOS:000253764800026 ER PT J AU Knowlton, N Jackson, JBC AF Knowlton, Nancy Jackson, Jeremy B. C. TI Shifting baselines, local impacts, and global change on coral reefs SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; MULTIPLE STABLE STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPHIC CASCADES; PHASE-SHIFTS; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; RESILIENCE C1 [Knowlton, Nancy] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Jackson, Jeremy B. C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Knowlton, N (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM nknowlton@ucsd.edu RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 NR 54 TC 104 Z9 109 U1 10 U2 87 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 6 IS 2 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060054 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 287PG UT WOS:000254928400007 PM 18303956 ER PT J AU Metcalf, TR DeRosa, ML Schrijver, CJ Barnes, G van Ballegooijen, AA Wiegelmann, T Wheatland, MS Valori, G McTtiernan, JM AF Metcalf, Thomas R. DeRosa, Marc L. Schrijver, Carolus J. Barnes, Graham van Ballegooijen, Adriaan A. Wiegelmann, Thomas Wheatland, Michael S. Valori, Gherardo McTtiernan, James M. TI Nonlinear force-free modeling of coronal magnetic fields. II. Modeling a filament arcade and simulated chromospheric and photospheric vector fields SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear force-free field modeling; solar magnetic field; coronal magnetic field; methods : numerical ID RECONSTRUCTION; EXTRAPOLATION; EQUILIBRIA; REGIONS; CODE; SUN AB We compare a variety of nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation algorithms, including optimization, magneto-frictional, and Grad - Rubin-like codes, applied to a solar-like reference model. The model used to test the algorithms includes realistic photospheric Lorentz forces and a complex field including a weakly twisted, right helical flux bundle. The codes were applied to both forced "photospheric" and more force-free "chromospheric" vector magnetic field boundary data derived from the model. When applied to the chromospheric boundary data, the codes are able to recover the presence of the flux bundle and the field's free energy, though some details of the field connectivity are lost. When the codes are applied to the forced photospheric boundary data, the reference model field is not well recovered, indicating that the combination of Lorentz forces and small spatial scale structure at the photosphere severely impact the extrapolation of the field. Preprocessing of the forced photospheric boundary does improve the extrapolations considerably for the layers above the chromosphere, but the extrapolations are sensitive to the details of the numerical codes and neither the field connectivity nor the free magnetic energy in the full volume are well recovered. The magnetic virial theorem gives a rapid measure of the total magnetic energy without extrapolation though, like the NLFFF codes, it is sensitive to the Lorentz forces in the coronal volume. Both the magnetic virial theorem and the Wiegelmann extrapolation, when applied to the preprocessed photospheric boundary, give a magnetic energy which is nearly equivalent to the value derived from the chromospheric boundary, but both underestimate the free energy above the photosphere by at least a factor of two. We discuss the interpretation of the preprocessed field in this context. When applying the NLFFF codes to solar data, the problems associated with Lorentz forces present in the low solar atmosphere must be recognized: the various codes will not necessarily converge to the correct, or even the same, solution. C1 [DeRosa, Marc L.; Schrijver, Carolus J.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Dept ADBS, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Metcalf, Thomas R.; Barnes, Graham] NW Res Associates, Colorado Res Associates Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [van Ballegooijen, Adriaan A.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wiegelmann, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Wheatland, Michael S.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Valori, Gherardo] Inst Astrophys, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [McTtiernan, James M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schrijver, CJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Dept ADBS, Bldg 252,3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM schryver@lmsal.com RI Wheatland, Michael/G-1958-2016; OI Wheatland, Michael/0000-0001-5100-2354; Valori, Gherardo/0000-0001-7809-0067; van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 38 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 247 IS 2 BP 269 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s11207-007-9110-7 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 259NO UT WOS:000252946200004 ER PT J AU Schmieder, B Bommier, V Kitai, R Matsumoto, T Ishii, TT Hagino, M Li, H Golub, L AF Schmieder, B. Bommier, V. Kitai, R. Matsumoto, T. Ishii, T. T. Hagino, M. Li, H. Golub, L. TI Magnetic causes of the eruption of a quiescent filament SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun; filament; eruption; magnetic field ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; TRANSITION REGION; FLUX ROPE; PROMINENCES; FLOWS; MODEL; MULTIWAVELENGTH; EVOLUTION; EXPLORER; FLARES AB During the JOP178 campaign in August 2006, we observed the disappearance of our target, a large quiescent filament located at S25, after an observation time of three days ( 24 August to 26 August). Multi-wavelength instruments were operating: THEMIS/MTR ("MulTi-Raies") vector magnetograph, TRACE ("Transition Region and Coronal Explorer") at 171 angstrom and 1600 angstrom and Hida Domeless Solar telescope. Counter-streaming flows (+/- 10 kms(-1)) in the filament were detected more than 24 hours before its eruption. A slow rise of the global structure started during this time period with a velocity estimated to be of the order of 1 kms(-1). During the hour before the eruption ( 26 August around 09: 00 UT) the velocity reached 5 kms(-1). The filament eruption is suspected to be responsible for a slow CME observed by LASCO around 21: 00 UT on 26 August. No brightening in H alpha or in coronal lines, no new emerging polarities in the filament channel, even with the high polarimetry sensitivity of THEMIS, were detected. We measured a relatively large decrease of the photospheric magnetic field strength of the network ( from 400 G to 100 G), whose downward magnetic tension provides stability to the underlying stressed filament magnetic fields. According to some MHD models based on turbulent photospheric diffusion, this gentle decrease of magnetic strength (the tension) could act as the destabilizing mechanism which first leads to the slow filament rise and its fast eruption. C1 [Schmieder, B.] CNRS, UMR 8109, LESIA, Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Bommier, V.] CNRS, UMR 8112, LERMA, Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Kitai, R.; Matsumoto, T.; Ishii, T. T.; Hagino, M.] Kyoto Univ, Hida Observ, Kyoto, Japan. [Li, H.] Purple Mountain Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Golub, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schmieder, B (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 8109, LESIA, Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM brigitte.schmieder@obspm.fr; veronique.bommier@obspm.fr NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 247 IS 2 BP 321 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s11207-007-9100-9 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 259NO UT WOS:000252946200006 ER PT J AU Ropret, P Centeno, SA Bukovec, P AF Ropret, Polonca Centeno, Silvia A. Bukovec, Peter TI Raman identification of yellow synthetic organic pigments in modem and contemporary paintings: Reference spectra and case studies SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman database; synthetic organic pigments; modem art; contemporary art ID COMPLEXES; MINERALS; LIBRARY; ART AB The characterization of the binding media and pigments in modem and contemporary paintings is important for designing safe conservation treatments, as well as for determining suitable environmental conditions for display, storage and transport. Raman spectroscopy is a suitable technique for the in situ non-destructive identification of synthetic organic pigments in the presence of the complex binding media characteristic of synthetic resin paints or colour lithographic inks. The precise identification of a pigment by comparing its spectrum to that of a reference is necessary when conservation treatments with aqueous solutions or organic solvents are being considered for a work of art, since solubility properties can sometimes vary within the same pigment group. The Raman spectra of 21 yellow synthetic organic pigments, belonging to the monoazo, monoazo lakes, diarylide, disazo condensation, benzimidazolone, bisacetoacetarylide, azo-methine metal complex, isoindolinone and isoindoline groups are presented. Since modern artists frequently mixed paint developed for other applications, in addition to colorants developed as artists' paints, other synthetic organic pigments were included in the spectral database. Two monoazo pigments, Pigment Yellow 1 and Pigment Yellow 3, a benzimidazolone, Pigment Yellow 154 and a phthalocynanine, Pigment Green 7, were identified in sample cross-sections from four modem and contemporary paintings in the collection of The Museum of Modem Art in Ljubljana, Slovenia. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ropret, Polonca] Restorat Ctr, Inst Protect Cultural Heritage Slovenia, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Ropret, Polonca] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Centeno, Silvia A.] Metropolitan Museum Art, New York, NY 10028 USA. [Bukovec, Peter] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Chem & Chem Technol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. RP Ropret, P (reprint author), Restorat Ctr, Inst Protect Cultural Heritage Slovenia, Poljanska 40, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. EM polona.ropret@rescen.si OI Centeno, Silvia/0000-0002-8496-4426 NR 18 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD FEB PY 2008 VL 69 IS 2 BP 486 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.saa.2007.03.050 PG 12 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 268SM UT WOS:000253599700030 PM 17590389 ER PT J AU Anker, A Hurt, C Knowlton, N AF Anker, Arthur Hurt, Carla Knowlton, Nancy TI Revision of the Alpheus websteri Kingsley, 1880 species complex (Crustacea : Decapoda : Alpheidae), with revalidation of A-arenensis (Chace, 1937) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Alpheus; snapping shrimp; species complex; transisthmian taxa; color pattern; eastern Pacific; Atlantic; Caribbean; molecular phylogeny; barcode; COI ID SHRIMP GENUS ALPHEUS; CARIDEA; MARINE AB The Alpheus websteri Kingsley, 1880 species complex is revised. Alpheus websteri s. str. is redefined and restricted to the western Atlantic, ranging from the type locality in the Florida Keys to northeastern Brazil. The eastern Pacific A. arenensis (Chace, 1937), formerly a synonym of A. websteri, and the eastern Atlantic A. fagei Crosnier and Forest, 1966, are shown to be distinct from A. websteri morphologically, genetically and also by color pattern. Morphology, genetics and color patterns all suggest that A. websteri and A. arenensis are transisthmian sister species, with A. fagei being their closest relative. Complete synonymy, color photographs and GenBank barcodes (COI) are provided for all three species. C1 [Anker, Arthur; Hurt, Carla; Knowlton, Nancy] Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Anker, Arthur; Hurt, Carla; Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM ankera@si.edu RI Hurt, Carla/A-3284-2011 NR 52 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 31 PY 2008 IS 1694 BP 51 EP 68 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 257CO UT WOS:000252777000003 ER PT J AU Hearty, PJ Olson, SL AF Hearty, Paul J. Olson, Storrs L. TI Mega-highstand or megatsunami? Discussion of McMurtry et al. (Elevated marine deposits in Bermuda record a late Quaternary megatsunami: Sed. Geol. 200 (2007) 155-165) SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Bermuda; eustatic highstand; tsunami; MIS 11; U/Th dating ID MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE; LEVEL; COLLAPSE; HISTORY; BAHAMAS AB Graded, sorted, rounded, and ponded marine sand and conglomerate deposited in caves and on an erosional terrace at +20 in on Bermuda, previously interpreted as originating in a eustatic highstand of sea level during the middle Pleistocene, were reinterpreted by McMurtry et al. (2007) as the result of a great 20 m megatsunami at sea, propagating out across the North Atlantic from the Canary Islands, cresting, and rolling up and over the Bermuda platform. However, no middle Pleistocene tsunami deposits have been reported elsewhere on Bermuda or anywhere else around the North Atlantic rim. The tsunami origin is unsupportable whereas the available evidence unequivocally establishes a +21 in eustatic sea level during the middle Pleistocene MIS 11 interglacial. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hearty, Paul J.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Olson, Storrs L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hearty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM paulh@uow.edu.au NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD JAN 30 PY 2008 VL 203 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.08.001 PG 6 WC Geology SC Geology GA 285UK UT WOS:000254801500008 ER PT J AU Bjornerfeldt, S Hailer, F Nord, M Vila, C AF Bjornerfeldt, Susanne Hailer, Frank Nord, Maria Vila, Carles TI Assortative mating and fragmentation within dog breeds SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CANINE GENOME; DOMESTIC DOG; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; WILD CANIDS; IDENTIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS AB Background: There are around 400 internationally recognized dog breeds in the world today, with a remarkable diversity in size, shape, color and behavior. Breeds are considered to be uniform groups with similar physical characteristics, shaped by selection rooted in human preferences. This has led to a large genetic difference between breeds and a large extent of linkage disequilibrium within breeds. These characteristics are important for association mapping of candidate genes for diseases and therefore make dogs ideal models for gene mapping of human disorders. However, genetic uniformity within breeds may not always be the case. We studied patterns of genetic diversity within 164 poodles and compared it to 133 dogs from eight other breeds. Results: Our analyses revealed strong population structure within poodles, with differences among some poodle groups as pronounced as those among other well-recognized breeds. Pedigree analysis going three generations back in time confirmed that subgroups within poodles result from assortative mating imposed by breed standards as well as breeder preferences. Matings have not taken place at random or within traditionally identified size classes in poodles. Instead, a novel set of five poodle groups was identified, defined by combinations of size and color, which is not officially recognized by the kennel clubs. Patterns of genetic diversity in other breeds suggest that assortative mating leading to fragmentation may be a common feature within many dog breeds. Conclusion: The genetic structure observed in poodles is the result of local mating patterns, implying that breed fragmentation may be different in different countries. Such pronounced structuring within dog breeds can increase the power of association mapping studies, but also represents a serious problem if ignored. In dog breeding, individuals are selected on the basis of morphology, behaviour, working or show purposes, as well as geographic population structure. The same processes which have historically C1 [Bjornerfeldt, Susanne; Hailer, Frank; Nord, Maria; Vila, Carles] Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolut Biol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Bjornerfeldt, Susanne] BMC, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, Sec Mol Anim Genet, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. [Hailer, Frank] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Conservat & Evolut Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Bjornerfeldt, S (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolut Biol, Norbyvagen 22, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Susanne.Bjornerfeldt@hgen.slu.se; frashai@gmx.net; maria.nord@ebc.uu.se; carles.vila@ebc.uu.se RI Hailer, Frank/C-9114-2012; Vila, Carles/H-4893-2013; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011 OI Hailer, Frank/0000-0002-2340-1726; Vila, Carles/0000-0002-4206-5246; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602 NR 48 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 27 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD JAN 28 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 28 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-28 PG 11 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 275DX UT WOS:000254053200003 PM 18226210 ER PT J AU Millet, DB Jacob, DJ Boersma, KF Fu, TM Kurosu, TP Chance, K Heald, CL Guenther, A AF Millet, Dylan B. Jacob, Daniel J. Boersma, K. Folkert Fu, Tzung-May Kurosu, Thomas P. Chance, Kelly Heald, Colette L. Guenther, Alex TI Spatial distribution of isoprene emissions from North America derived from formaldehyde column measurements by the OMI satellite sensor SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOGENIC HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET; UNITED-STATES; PHOTON FLUX AB Space-borne formaldehyde (HCHO) column measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), with 13 x 24 km(2) nadir footprint and daily global coverage, provide new constraints on the spatial distribution of biogenic isoprene emission from North America. OMI HCHO columns for June-August 2006 are consistent with measurements from the earlier GOME satellite sensor (1996-2001) but OMI is 2-14% lower. The spatial distribution of OMI HCHO columns follows that of isoprene emission; anthropogenic hydrocarbon emissions are undetectable except in Houston. We develop updated relationships between HCHO columns and isoprene emission from a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem), and use these to infer top-down constraints on isoprene emissions from the OMI data. We compare the OMI-derived emissions to a state-of-science bottom-up isoprene emission inventory (MEGAN) driven by two land cover databases, and use the results to optimize the MEGAN emission factors (EFs) for broadleaf trees (the main isoprene source). The OMI-derived isoprene emissions in North America (June-August 2006) with 1 degrees x 1 degrees resolution are spatially consistent with MEGAN (R-2 = 0.48-0.68) but are lower (by 4-25% on average). MEGAN overestimates emissions in the Ozarks and the Upper South. A better fit to OMI (R-2 = 0.73) is obtained in MEGAN by using a uniform isoprene EF from broadleaf trees rather than variable EFs. Thus MEGAN may overestimate emissions in areas where it specifies particularly high EFs. Within-canopy isoprene oxidation may also lead to significant differences between the effective isoprene emission to the atmosphere seen by OMI and the actual isoprene emission determined by MEGAN. C1 [Millet, Dylan B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Boersma, K. Folkert; Fu, Tzung-May] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kurosu, Thomas P.; Chance, Kelly] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Guenther, Alex] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Boersma, K. Folkert; Fu, Tzung-May] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Millet, DB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dbm@umn.edu RI Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Boersma, Klaas/H-4559-2012; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Fu, Tzung-May/N-3418-2015; OI Boersma, Klaas/0000-0002-4591-7635; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 95 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 26 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D2 AR D02307 DI 10.1029/2007JD008950 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256TN UT WOS:000252752900002 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Lavega, A Orton, GS Hueso, R Garcia-Melendo, E Perez-Hoyos, S Simon-Miller, A Rojas, JF Gomez, JM Yanamandra-Fisher, P Fletcher, L Joels, J Kemerer, J Hora, J Karkoschka, E de Pater, I Wong, MH Marcus, PS Pinilla-Alonso, N Carvalho, F Go, C Parker, D Salway, M Valimberti, M Wesley, A Pujic, Z AF Sanchez-Lavega, A. Orton, G. S. Hueso, R. Garcia-Melendo, E. Perez-Hoyos, S. Simon-Miller, A. Rojas, J. F. Gomez, J. M. Yanamandra-Fisher, P. Fletcher, L. Joels, J. Kemerer, J. Hora, J. Karkoschka, E. de Pater, I. Wong, M. H. Marcus, P. S. Pinilla-Alonso, N. Carvalho, F. Go, C. Parker, D. Salway, M. Valimberti, M. Wesley, A. Pujic, Z. TI Depth of a strong jovian jet from a planetary-scale disturbance driven by storms SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DEEP ZONAL WINDS; MOIST CONVECTION; NONLINEAR SIMULATIONS; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; JUPITERS ATMOSPHERE; GIANT PLANETS; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; CASSINI; GALILEO AB The atmospheres of the gas giant planets ( Jupiter and Saturn) contain jets that dominate the circulation at visible levels(1,2). The power source for these jets ( solar radiation, internal heat, or both) and their vertical structure below the upper cloud are major open questions in the atmospheric circulation and meteorology of giant planets(1-3). Several observations(1) and in situ measurements(4) found intense winds at a depth of 24 bar, and have been interpreted as supporting an internal heat source. This issue remains controversial(5), in part because of effects from the local meteorology(6). Here we report observations and modelling of two plumes in Jupiter's atmosphere that erupted at the same latitude as the strongest jet ( 23 degrees N). The plumes reached a height of 30 km above the surrounding clouds, moved faster than any other feature ( 169 m s(-1)), and left in their wake a turbulent planetary- scale disturbance containing red aerosols. On the basis of dynamical modelling, we conclude that the data are consistent only with a wind that extends well below the level where solar radiation is deposited. C1 [Sanchez-Lavega, A.; Hueso, R.; Perez-Hoyos, S.] Univ Basque Country, ETS Ingenieros, Dept Fis Aplicada 1, Bilbao 48013, Spain. [Orton, G. S.; Yanamandra-Fisher, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Garcia-Melendo, E.; Gomez, J. M.] Esteve Duran Observ Fdn, Seva 085330, Spain. [Simon-Miller, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rojas, J. F.] Univ Basque Country, EUITI, Dept Fis Aplicada 1, Bilbao 48013, Spain. [Fletcher, L.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Joels, J.] Principia Coll, Elsah, IL 62028 USA. [Kemerer, J.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Hora, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Karkoschka, E.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [de Pater, I.; Wong, M. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marcus, P. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pinilla-Alonso, N.] Telescopio Nazl Galileo Galilei, Santa Cruz De La Palma 38700, Spain. [Carvalho, F.] Ctr Estudos Universo, BR-17380000 Brotas, Brazil. [Go, C.] Univ San Carlos, Dept Phys, Cebu 6000, Philippines. [Parker, D.] Assoc Lunar & Planetary Observers, Coral Gables, FL 33156 USA. [Salway, M.] IcelnSpace, Wyoming, NSW 2250, Australia. [Valimberti, M.] Astron Soc Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Wesley, A.] Math & Comp Sci, Murrumbateman 2582, Australia. RP Sanchez-Lavega, A (reprint author), Univ Basque Country, ETS Ingenieros, Dept Fis Aplicada 1, Alameda Urquijo S-N, Bilbao 48013, Spain. EM agustin.sanchez@ehu.es RI Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi/B-8583-2008; Fletcher, Leigh/D-6093-2011; Perez-Hoyos, Santiago/L-7543-2014; Rojas Palenzuela, Jose Felix/H-2782-2015; Simon, Amy/C-8020-2012; OI Fletcher, Leigh/0000-0001-5834-9588; Perez-Hoyos, Santiago/0000-0002-2587-4682; Rojas Palenzuela, Jose Felix/0000-0002-1102-5612; Simon, Amy/0000-0003-4641-6186; Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin/0000-0001-7355-1522; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Hueso, Ricardo/0000-0003-0169-123X NR 25 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 24 PY 2008 VL 451 IS 7177 BP 437 EP 440 DI 10.1038/nature06533 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253YS UT WOS:000252554100038 PM 18216848 ER PT J AU Broderick, AE Narayan, R AF Broderick, Avery E. Narayan, Ramesh TI Magnetic helicity and the relaxation of fossil fields SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : flare; stars : magnetic fields; stars : neutron ID EQUILIBRIUM; PLASMA; STARS AB In the absence of an active dynamo, purely poloidal magnetic field configurations are unstable to large-scale dynamical perturbations, and decay via reconnection on an Alfvenic time-scale. Nevertheless, a number of classes of dynamo-free stars do exhibit significant, long-lived, surface magnetic fields. Numerical simulations suggest that the large-scale poloidal field in these systems is stabilized by a toroidal component of the field in the stellar interior. Using the principle of conservation of total helicity, we develop a variational principle for computing the structure of the magnetic field inside a conducting sphere surrounded by an insulating vacuum. We show that, for a fixed total helicity, the minimum energy state corresponds to a force-free configuration. We find a simple class of axisymmetric solutions, parametrized by angular and radial quantum numbers. However, these solutions have a discontinuity in the toroidal magnetic field at the stellar surface which will exert a toroidal stress on the surface of the star. We then describe two other classes of solutions, the standard spheromak solutions and ones with fixed surface magnetic fields, the latter being relevant for neutron stars with rigid crusts. We discuss the implications of our results for the structure of neutron star magnetic fields, the decay of fields, and the origin of variability and outbursts in magnetars. C1 [Broderick, Avery E.; Narayan, Ramesh] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Broderick, AE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, MS 51,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM abroderick@cfa.harvard.edu; rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 3 BP 943 EP 956 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12634.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258EP UT WOS:000252851500011 ER PT J AU Wyithe, JSB Loeb, A Geil, PM AF Wyithe, J. Stuart B. Loeb, Abraham Geil, Paul M. TI Baryonic acoustic oscillations in 21-cm emission: a probe of dark energy out to high redshifts SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; intergalactic medium; cosmology : theory; diffuse radiation; large-scale structure of Universe ID GALAXY POWER SPECTRUM; REIONIZATION OBSERVATORIES; EPOCH; CONSTRAINTS; SCALE; FLUCTUATIONS; SENSITIVITY; COSMOLOGY; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE AB Low-frequency observatories are currently being constructed with the goal of detecting red-shifted 21-cm emission from the epoch of reionization. These observatories will also be able to detect intensity fluctuations in the cumulative 21-cm emission after reionization, from hydrogen in unresolved damped Ly alpha absorbers (such as gas-rich galaxies) down to a redshift z similar to 3.5. The inferred power spectrum of 21-cm fluctuations at all redshifts will show acoustic oscillations, whose comoving scale can be used as a standard ruler to infer the evolution of the equation of state for the dark energy. We find that the first generation of low-frequency experiments (such as MWA or LOFAR) will be able to constrain the acoustic scale to within a few per cent in a redshift window just prior to the end of the reionization era, provided that foregrounds can be removed over frequency bandpasses of >= 8 MHz. This sensitivity to the acoustic scale is comparable to the best current measurements from galaxy redshift surveys, but at much higher redshifts. Future extensions of the first-generation experiments (involving an order of magnitude increase in the antennae number of the MWA) could reach sensitivities below 1 per cent in several redshift windows and could be used to,study the dark energy in the unexplored redshift regime of 3.5 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 12. Moreover, new experiments with antennae designed to operate at higher frequencies would allow precision measurements (less than or similar to 1 per cent) of the acoustic peak to be made at more moderate redshifts (1.5 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 3.5), where they would be competitive with ambitious spectroscopic galaxy surveys covering more than 1000 deg(2). Together with other data sets, observations of 21-cm fluctuations will allow full coverage of the acoustic scale from the present time out to Z similar to 12. C1 [Wyithe, J. Stuart B.; Geil, Paul M.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wyithe, JSB (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM swyithe@unimelb.edu.au; loeb@cfa.harvard.edu; pgeil@physics.unimelb.edu.au OI Wyithe, Stuart/0000-0001-7956-9758 NR 39 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 3 BP 1195 EP 1209 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12631.x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258EP UT WOS:000252851500031 ER PT J AU Chen, CMH Harris, DE Harrison, FA Mao, PH AF Chen, C. M. Hubert Harris, D. E. Harrison, Fiona A. Mao, Peter H. TI Constraints on the average magnetic field strength of relic radio sources 0917+75 and 1401-33 from XMM-Newton observations SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; galaxies : magnetic fields-; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID COMPTON X-RAYS; VLA SKY SURVEY; CLUSTER; EMISSION; GALAXIES; HALO; CANDIDATES AB We observed two relic radio sources, 0917+75 and 1401-33, with the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory. We did not detect any X-ray emission, thermal or non-thermal, in excess of the local background level from either target. This imposes new upper limits on the X-ray flux due to inverse Compton scattering of photons from the cosmic microwave background by relativistic electrons in the relic sources, and new lower limits on the magnetic field strength from the relative strength of the radio and X-ray emission. The combination of radio and X-ray observations provides a measure of the magnetic field independent of equipartition or minimum energy assumptions. Due to increasing sensitivity of radio observations, the known population of cluster relics has been growing; however, studies of non-thermal X-ray emission from relics remain scarce. Our study adds to the small sample of relics studied in X-rays. In both relics, our field strength lower limits are slightly larger than estimates of the equipartition magnetic field. C1 [Chen, C. M. Hubert; Harrison, Fiona A.; Mao, Peter H.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Harris, D. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chen, CMH (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM hubert@caltech.edu; harris@head.cfa.harvard.edu; fiona@srl.caltech.edu; peterm@ess.ucla.edu NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 3 BP 1259 EP 1268 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12633.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258EP UT WOS:000252851500036 ER PT J AU Li, H Dowell, CD Kirby, L Novak, G Vaillancourt, JE AF Li, H. Dowell, C. D. Kirby, L. Novak, G. Vaillancourt, J. E. TI Design and initial performance of SHARP, a polarimeter for the SHARC-II camera at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FAR-INFRARED POLARIMETRY; CLERK MAXWELL TELESCOPE; IMAGING POLARIMETER; 1ST DETECTION; SPARO 2003; POLARIZATION; CLOUDS; HERTZ; ARRAY AB We have developed a foreoptics module that converts the Submillimeter High Angular Resolution Camera generation II (SHARC-II) camera at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory into a sensitive imaging polarimeter at wavelengths of 350 and 450 mu m. We refer to this module as "SHARP." SHARP splits the incident radiation into two orthogonally polarized beams that are then reimaged onto opposite ends of the 32 X 12 pixel detector array in SHARC-II. A rotating half-wave plate is used just upstream from the polarization-splitting optics. The effect of SHARP is to convert SHARC-II into a dual-beam 12 X 12 pixel polarimeter. A novel feature of SHARP's design is the use of a crossed grid in a submillimeter polarimeter. Here we describe the detailed optical design of SHARP and present results of tests carried out during our first few observing runs. At 350 mu m, the beam size (9 arc see), throughput (75%), and instrumental polarization (< 1%) are all very close to our design goals. 02008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Li, H.; Novak, G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Dowell, C. D.] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Dowell, C. D.; Vaillancourt, J. E.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kirby, L.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kirby, L.; Vaillancourt, J. E.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hli@cfa.harvard.edu NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 422 EP 430 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000422 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 264DV UT WOS:000253266800014 PM 18204730 ER PT J AU Brand, K Weedman, DW Desai, V Le Floc'h, E Armus, L Dey, A Houck, JR Jannuzi, BT Smith, HA Soifer, BT AF Brand, Kate Weedman, Dan W. Desai, Vandana Le Floc'h, Emeric Armus, Lee Dey, Arjun Houck, Jim R. Jannuzi, Buell T. Smith, Howard A. Soifer, B. T. TI Spitzer mid-infrared spectroscopy of 70 mu m - Selected distant luminous infrared galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; quasars : general ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION; IRS SPECTRA; SPECTROGRAPH; DUST; EMISSION; SAMPLE; AGNS AB We present mid-infrared spectroscopy obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope of a sample of 11 optically faint, infrared luminous galaxies selected from a Spitzer MIPS 70 mu m imaging survey of the NDWFS Bootes field. These are the first Spitzer IRS spectra presented of distant 70 mu m-selected sources. All the galaxies lie at redshifts 0.3 < z < 1.3 and have very large infrared luminosities of L-IR similar to (0.1-17) x 10(12) L-circle dot. Seven of the galaxies exhibit strong emission features attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The average IRS spectrum of these sources is characteristic of classical starburst galaxies but with much larger infrared luminosities. The PAH luminosities of nu L-nu(7.7 mu m) similar to (0.4 7) x 10(11) L-circle dot imply star formation rates of similar to 40-720 M-circle dot yr(-1). Four of the galaxies show deep 9.7 mu m silicate absorption features and no significant PAH emission features (6.2 mu m equivalent widths < 0.03 mu m). The large infrared luminosities and low nu f(nu)(70 mu m)/nu f(nu)(24 mu m) flux density ratios suggests that these sources have AGNs as the dominant origin of their large mid-infrared luminosities, although deeply embedded but luminous starbursts cannot be ruled out. If the absorbed sources are AGN-dominated, a significant fraction of all far-infrared bright, optically faint sources may be dominated by AGNs. C1 [Brand, Kate] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Weedman, Dan W.; Houck, Jim R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Desai, Vandana; Soifer, B. T.] CALTECH, Dept Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Le Floc'h, Emeric] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Armus, Lee; Soifer, B. T.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dey, Arjun; Jannuzi, Buell T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Smith, Howard A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brand, K (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM brand@stsci.edu NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 1 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1086/523938 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RH UT WOS:000253454200010 ER PT J AU Rho, J Kozasa, T Reach, WT Smith, JD Rudnick, L DeLaney, T Ennis, JA Gomez, H Tappe, A AF Rho, J. Kozasa, T. Reach, W. T. Smith, J. D. Rudnick, L. DeLaney, T. Ennis, J. A. Gomez, H. Tappe, A. TI Freshly formed dust in the cassiopeia a supernova remnant as revealed by the Spitzer space telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; supernovae : general; supernova remnants ID COLD DUST; EARLY UNIVERSE; MASSIVE STARS; II SUPERNOVAE; A EVIDENCE; EJECTA; EXPLOSION; EVOLUTION; GRAINS; EMISSION AB We performed Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph mapping observations covering nearly the entire extent of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant (SNR), producing mid-infrared (5.5-35 mu m) spectra every 5 ''-10 ''. Gas lines of Ar, Ne, O, Si, S, and Fe, and dust continua were strong for most positions. We identify three distinct ejecta dust populations based on their continuum shapes. The dominant dust continuum shape exhibits a strong peak at 21 mu m. A line-free map of 21 mu m peak dust made from the 19-23 mu m range closely resembles the [Ar II], [O IV], and [Ne II] ejecta-line maps, implying that dust is freshly formed in the ejecta. Spectral fitting implies the presence of SiO2, Mg protosilicates, and FeO grains in these regions. The second dust type exhibits a rising continuum up to 21 mu m and then flattens thereafter. This "weak 21 mu m'' dust is likely composed of Al2O3 and C grains. The third dust continuum shape is featureless with a gently rising spectrum and is likely composed of MgSiO3 and either Al2O3 or Fe grains. Using the least massive composition for each of the three dust classes yields a total mass of 0.020 M-circle dot. Using the most massive composition yields a total mass of 0.054 M-circle dot. The primary uncertainty in the total dust mass stems from the selection of the dust composition necessary for fitting the featureless dust as well as 70 mu m flux. The freshly formed dust mass derived from Cas A is sufficient from SNe to explain the lower limit on the dust masses in high-redshift galaxies. C1 [Rho, J.; Reach, W. T.; Tappe, A.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kozasa, T.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Cosmosci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Smith, J. D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. [Rudnick, L.; Ennis, J. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [DeLaney, T.] MIT, Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gomez, H.] Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF1 3NS, S Glam, Wales. [Tappe, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rho, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM rho@ipac.caltech.edu; reach@ipac.caltech.edu RI Gomez, Haley/C-2800-2009; Kozasa, Takashi/A-5213-2012; OI Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094 NR 54 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 1 BP 271 EP 282 DI 10.1086/523835 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RH UT WOS:000253454200023 ER PT J AU Kennedy, GM Kenyon, SJ AF Kennedy, Grant M. Kenyon, Scott J. TI Planet formation around stars of various masses: The snow line and the frequency of giant planets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems : formation; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : evolution; stars : formation ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SUN-LIKE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; M-DWARF; SMALL PLANETESIMALS; ACCRETION DISKS; ORION NEBULA; YOUNG STARS AB We use a semianalytic circumstellar disk model that considers movement of the snow line through evolution of accretion and the central star to investigate how gas giant frequency changes with stellar mass. The snow line distance changes weakly with stellar mass; thus, giant planets form over a wide range of spectral types. The probability that a given star has at least one gas giant increases linearly with stellar mass from 0.4 to 3M(circle dot). Stars more massive than 3 M-circle dot evolve quickly to the main sequence, which pushes the snow line to 10-15 AU before protoplanets form and limits the range of disk masses that form giant planet cores. If the frequency of gas giants around solar mass stars is 6%, we predict occurrence rates of 1% for 0.4 M-circle dot stars and 10% for 1.5 M-circle dot stars. This result is largely insensitive to our assumed model parameters. Finally, the movement of the snow line as stars greater than or similar to 2.5 M-circle dot move to the main sequence may allow the ocean planets suggested by Le'ger et al. to form without migration. C1 [Kennedy, Grant M.] Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Kennedy, Grant M.] Australian Natl Univ, ANU Planetary Sci Inst, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Kenyon, Scott J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kennedy, GM (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. EM grant@mso.anu.edu.au; kenyon@cfa.harvard.edu OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X; Kennedy, Grant/0000-0001-6831-7547 NR 83 TC 216 Z9 216 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 1 BP 502 EP 512 DI 10.1086/524130 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RH UT WOS:000253454200038 ER PT J AU Knutson, HA Charbonneau, D Allen, LE Burrows, A Megeath, ST AF Knutson, Heather A. Charbonneau, David Allen, Lori E. Burrows, Adam Megeath, S. Thomas TI The 3.6-8.0 mu m broadband emission spectrum of HD 209458b: Evidence for an atmospheric temperature inversion SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE eclipses; planetary systems; stars : individual (HD 209458b); techniques : photometric ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SECONDARY ECLIPSE PHOTOMETRY; TRANSITING HOT JUPITER; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; THERMAL EMISSION; LIGHT CURVES; LOW-DENSITY; RADIUS; WASP-1B AB We estimate the strength of the bandpass-integrated thermal emission from the extrasolar planet HD 209458b at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 mu m using the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer Space Telescope. We observe a single secondary eclipse simultaneously in all four bandpasses and find relative eclipse depths of 0: 00094 +/- 0: 00009, 0: 00213 +/- 0: 00015, 0: 00301 +/- 0: 00043, and 0: 00240 +/- 0: 00026, respectively. These eclipse depths reveal that the shape of the inferred emission spectrum for the planet differs significantly from the predictions of standard atmosphere models; instead, the most plausible explanation would require the presence of an inversion layer high in the atmosphere leading to significant water emission in the 4.5 and 5.8 mu m bandpasses. This is the first clear indication of such a temperature inversion in the atmosphere of a hot Jupiter, as previous observations of other planets appeared to be in reasonably good agreement with the predictions of models without such an inversion layer. C1 [Knutson, Heather A.; Charbonneau, David; Allen, Lori E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Burrows, Adam] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Megeath, S. Thomas] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Knutson, HA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hknutson@cfa.harvard.edu; dcharbonneau@cfa.harvard.edu; leallen@cfa.harvard.edu; burrows@zenith.as.arizona.edu; megeath@astro1.panet.utoledo.edu NR 55 TC 278 Z9 279 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 1 BP 526 EP 531 DI 10.1086/523894 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RH UT WOS:000253454200040 ER PT J AU Noyes, RW Bakos, GA Torres, G Pal, A Kovacs, G Latham, DW Fernandez, JM Fischer, DA Butler, RP Marcy, GW Sipocz, B Esquerdo, GA Kovacs, G Sasselov, DD Sato, B Stefanik, R Holman, M Lazar, J Papp, I Sari, P AF Noyes, R. W. Bakos, G. A. Torres, G. Pal, A. Kovacs, Geza Latham, D. W. Fernandez, J. M. Fischer, D. A. Butler, R. P. Marcy, G. W. Sipocz, B. Esquerdo, G. A. Kovacs, Gabor Sasselov, D. D. Sato, B. Stefanik, R. Holman, M. Lazar, J. Papp, I. Sari, P. TI HAT-P-6b: A hot jupiter transiting a bright F star SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (GSC 03239-00992, HAT-P-6) ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; SURFACE GRAVITIES; K-DWARF; STELLAR; SEARCH; KECK; PRECISION; ALGORITHM; TRES-2; TOOL AB In the ongoing HATNet survey we have detected a giant planet, with radius 1.33 +/- 0.06 R(Jup) and mass 1.06 +/- 0.12 M(Jup), transiting the bright (V = 10.5) star GSC 03239-00992. The planet is in a circular orbit with period days and midtransit epoch 2,454,035.67575 +/- 0.00028 ( HJD). The parent star is 3.852985 +/- 0.000005 a late F star with mass, radius, 1.29 +/- 0.06 M(circle dot), radius 1.46 +/- 0.06 R(circle dot), T(eff) similar to 6570 +/- 80 K [Fe/H] = -0.13 +/- 0.08, and age similar to 2.3(-0.7)(+0.5) Gyr. With this radius and mass, HAT-P-6b has somewhat larger radius than theoretically expected. We describe the observations and their analysis to determine physical properties of the HAT- P- 6 system, and briefly discuss some implications of this finding. C1 [Noyes, R. W.; Bakos, G. A.; Torres, G.; Pal, A.; Latham, D. W.; Fernandez, J. M.; Sipocz, B.; Esquerdo, G. A.; Kovacs, Gabor; Sasselov, D. D.; Stefanik, R.; Holman, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pal, A.; Sipocz, B.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, Budapest, Hungary. [Kovacs, Geza] Konkoly Observ Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. [Fischer, D. A.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Butler, R. P.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Marcy, G. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sato, B.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Lazar, J.; Papp, I.; Sari, P.] Hungarian Astron Assoc, Budapest, Hungary. RP Noyes, RW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rnoyes@cfa.harvard.edu RI Butler, Robert/B-1125-2009 NR 29 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 1 BP L79 EP L82 DI 10.1086/527358 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291YG UT WOS:000255232800020 ER PT J AU Trotzky, S Cheinet, P Folling, S Feld, M Schnorrberger, U Rey, AM Polkovnikov, A Demler, EA Lukin, MD Bloch, I AF Trotzky, S. Cheinet, P. Foelling, S. Feld, M. Schnorrberger, U. Rey, A. M. Polkovnikov, A. Demler, E. A. Lukin, M. D. Bloch, I. TI Time-resolved observation and control of superexchange interactions with ultracold atoms in optical lattices SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-MECHANICS; CONTROLLED COLLISIONS; ENTANGLEMENT; FERROMAGNETISM; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; PHYSICS; MATTER; DOTS AB Quantum mechanical superexchange interactions form the basis of quantum magnetism in strongly correlated electronic media. We report on the direct measurement of superexchange interactions with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. After preparing a spin- mixture of ultracold atoms in an antiferromagnetically ordered state, we measured coherent superexchange- mediated spin dynamics with coupling energies from 5 hertz up to 1 kilohertz. By dynamically modifying the potential bias between neighboring lattice sites, the magnitude and sign of the superexchange interaction can be controlled, thus allowing the system to be switched between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic spin interactions. We compare our findings to predictions of a two- site Bose- Hubbard model and find very good agreement, but are also able to identify corrections that can be explained by the inclusion of direct nearest- neighbor interactions. C1 [Trotzky, S.; Cheinet, P.; Foelling, S.; Feld, M.; Schnorrberger, U.; Bloch, I.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Feld, M.] Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Rey, A. M.; Demler, E. A.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Polkovnikov, A.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Demler, E. A.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bloch, I (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. EM bloch@uni-mainz.de RI Bloch, Immanuel/G-3174-2010 OI Bloch, Immanuel/0000-0002-0679-4759 NR 37 TC 380 Z9 383 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5861 BP 295 EP 299 DI 10.1126/science.1150841 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 252GY UT WOS:000252436200028 PM 18096767 ER PT J AU Van Meter, PE French, JA Bidali, K Weldele, ML Brown, JL Holekamp, KE AF Van Meter, Page E. French, Jeffrey A. Bidali, Kaisa Weldele, Mary L. Brown, Janine L. Holekamp, Kay E. TI Non-invasive measurement of fecal estrogens in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spotted hyena; Crocuta; fecal hormones; estrogen; reproductive states ID ANDROGEN CONCENTRATIONS; STEROID CONCENTRATIONS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; CALLITHRIX-JACCHUS; MASCULINIZATION; EXCRETION; HYAENAS; OVULATION; MARMOSETS; BEHAVIOR AB Fecal hormone analysis is a useful tool for frequent, non-invasive sampling of free-living animals. Estrogens fluctuate throughout life among reproductive states in female animals, and intensive repetitive sampling can permit accurate assessment of female reproductive condition. This type of repetitive sampling is difficult in large carnivores, including the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta). Patterns of estrogen secretion in captive and free-living hyenas are virtually unknown. Here we present validation of an enzyme-immunoassay to measure fecal estrogen (fE) concentrations in wild and captive spotted hyenas. Results from high-performance liquid chromatography indicate that an antibody specific for estradiol exhibits high i mmuno reactivity with our extracted samples. Fecal extract displacement curves paralleled our estradiol standard curve within the range of 20-80% antibody binding. Additionally, animals treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone showed a measurable rise in fE concentrations. Finally, once we controlled for effects of time of day of sample collection from wild hyenas, patterns in fE concentrations resembled those in plasma estradiol, including higher levels of fE in mature than immature females, and higher levels of fE during late than early pregnancy. Together, these results suggest that fE concentrations reflect circulating estrogens in spotted hyenas. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Van Meter, Page E.; Holekamp, Kay E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [French, Jeffrey A.; Bidali, Kaisa] Univ Nebraska, Dept Psychol & Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. [Weldele, Mary L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Psychol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, Janine L.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Van Meter, PE (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM vanmete7@msu.edu RI Holekamp, Kay/G-6054-2010; OI French, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5304-1592 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 42882, R01 HD042882-05, R56 HD042882, R01 HD042882]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH039917, MH-39917]; PHS HHS [61-1234] NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 155 IS 2 BP 464 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.08.002 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 253VB UT WOS:000252544600023 PM 17884046 ER PT J AU Thitaram, C Brown, JL Pongsopawijit, P Chansitthiwet, S Wongkalasin, W Daram, P Roongsri, R Kalmapijit, A Mahasawangkul, S Rbjansthien, S Colenbrander, B van der Weijden, GC van Eerdenburg, FJCM AF Thitaram, C. Brown, J. L. Pongsopawijit, P. Chansitthiwet, S. Wongkalasin, W. Daram, P. Roongsri, R. Kalmapijit, A. Mahasawangkul, S. Rbjansthien, S. Colenbrander, B. van der Weijden, G. C. van Eerdenburg, F. J. C. M. TI Seasonal effects on the endocrine pattern of semi-captive female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus): Timing of the anovulatory luteinizing hormone surge determines the length of the estrous cycle SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE estrous cycle; progestins; lutenizing hormone; seasonal effect; Asian elephant ID LOXODONTA-AFRICANA; PROGESTERONE SECRETION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; OVARIAN-FUNCTION; SERUM; PREGNANCY; STRESS; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT AB Better breeding strategies for captive Asian elephants in range countries are needed to increase populations; this requires a thorough understanding of their reproductive physiology and factors affecting ovarian activity. Weekly blood samples were collected for 3.9 years from 22 semi-captive female Asian elephants in Thai elephant camps to characterize LH and progestin patterns throughout the estrous cycle. The duration of the estrous cycle was 14.6 +/- 0.2 weeks (mean +/- S.E.M.; n = 71), with follicular and luteal phases of 6.1 +/- 0.2 and 8.5 +/- 0.2 weeks, respectively. Season had no significant effect on the overall length of the estrous cycle. However, follicular and luteal phase lengths varied among seasons and were negatively correlated (r = -0.658; P < 0.01). During the follicular phase, the interval between the decrease in progestin concentrations to baseline and the anovulatory LH (anLH) surge varied in duration (average 25.9 +/- 2.0 days, range 7-41, n = 23), and was longer in the rainy season (33.4 +/- 1.8 days, n = 10) than in both the winter (22.2 +/- 4.5 days, n = 5; P < 0.05) and summer (18.9 +/- 2.6 days, n = 8; P < 0.05). By contrast, the interval between the anLH and ovulatory LH (ovLH) surge was more consistent (19.0 +/- 0.1 days, range 18-20, n = 14). Thus, seasonal variation in estrous cycle characteristics were mediated by endocrine events during the early follicular phase, specifically related to timing of the anLH surge. Overall reproductive hormone patterns in Thai camp elephants were not markedly different from those in western zoos. However, this study was the first to more closely examine how timing of the LH surges impacted estrous cycle length in Asian elephants. These findings, and the ability to monitor reproductive hormones in range countries (and potentially in the field), should improve breeding management of captive and semi-wild elephants. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Thitaram, C.; Pongsopawijit, P.; Chansitthiwet, S.; Wongkalasin, W.; Rbjansthien, S.] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Vet Med, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand. [Thitaram, C.; Colenbrander, B.; van der Weijden, G. C.; van Eerdenburg, F. J. C. M.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, NL-3854 CL Utrecht, Netherlands. [Brown, J. L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Chansitthiwet, S.; Mahasawangkul, S.] Forest Ind Org, Natl Elephant Inst, Thai Elephant Conservat Ctr, Lampang, Thailand. [Roongsri, R.; Kalmapijit, A.] Maesa Elephant Camp, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand. RP Thitaram, C (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Vet Med, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand. EM thitaram@chiangmai.ac.th NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 69 IS 2 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.09.018 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 250FP UT WOS:000252285700012 PM 17997149 ER PT J AU Wyithe, JSB Loeb, A AF Wyithe, J. Stuart B. Loeb, Abraham TI Fluctuations in 21-cm emission after reionization SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; intergalactic medium; cosmology : theory; diffuse radiation; large-scale structure of Universe ID LOW-MASS GALAXIES; LY-ALPHA FOREST; HIGH-REDSHIFT; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; COSMIC HYDROGEN; POWER SPECTRUM; ABSORPTION; UNIVERSE; EPOCH; EVOLUTION AB The fluctuations in the emission of redshifted 21-cm photons from neutral intergalactic hydrogen will provide an unprecedented probe of the reionization era. Conventional wisdom assumes that this 21-cm signal disappears as soon as reionization is complete, when little atomic hydrogen is left through most of the volume of the intergalactic medium (IGM). However, observations of damped Ly alpha absorbers indicate that the fraction of hydrogen in its neutral form is significant by mass at all redshifts. Here we use a physically motivated model to show that residual neutral gas, confined to dense regions in the IGM with a high recombination rate, will generate a significant post-reionization 21-cm signal. We show that the power spectrum of fluctuations in this signal will be detectable by the first generation of low-frequency observatories at a signal-to-noise ratio that is comparable to that achievable in observations of the reionization era. The statistics of 21-cm fluctuations will therefore probe not only the pre-reionization IGM, but rather the entire process of H II region overlap, as well as the appearance of the diffuse ionized IGM. C1 [Wyithe, J. Stuart B.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wyithe, JSB (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. EM swyithe@unimelb.edu.au; loeb@cfa.harvard.edu OI Wyithe, Stuart/0000-0001-7956-9758 NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 2 BP 606 EP 614 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12568.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 247ZV UT WOS:000252122000017 ER PT J AU Pessah, ME Chan, CK Psaltis, D AF Pessah, Martin E. Chan, Chi-kwan Psaltis, Dimitrios TI The fundamental difference between shear alpha viscosity and turbulent magnetorotational stresses SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; instabilities; MHD; turbulence ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; RADIATION MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; ACCRETION DISKS; HYDROMAGNETIC TURBULENCE; ASTROPHYSICAL FLOWS; HYDRODYNAMIC ALGORITHMS; ENHANCED TRANSPORT; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ROTATING-DISKS AB Numerical simulations of turbulent, magnetized, differentially rotating flows driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) are often used to calculate the effective values of alpha viscosity that is invoked in analytical models of accretion discs. In this paper, we use various dynamical models of turbulent magnetohydrodynamic stresses, as well as numerical simulations of shearing boxes, to show that angular momentum transport in MRI-driven accretion discs cannot be described by the standard model for shear viscosity. In particular, we demonstrate that turbulent magnetorotational stresses are not linearly proportional to the local shear and vanish identically for angular velocity profiles that increase outwards. C1 [Pessah, Martin E.] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Pessah, Martin E.; Psaltis, Dimitrios] Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Pessah, Martin E.; Chan, Chi-kwan; Psaltis, Dimitrios] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Chan, Chi-kwan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pessah, ME (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM mpessah@ias.edu OI Pessah, Martin/0000-0001-8716-3563 NR 53 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 2 BP 683 EP 690 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12574.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 247ZV UT WOS:000252122000023 ER PT J AU Carolan, PB Redman, MP Keto, E Rawlings, JMC AF Carolan, P. B. Redman, M. P. Keto, E. Rawlings, J. M. C. TI CO abundances in a protostellar cloud: freeze-out and desorption in the envelope and outflow of L483 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; stars : formation; ISM : abundances; ISM : individual : L483; ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : kinematics and dynamics ID MASS STAR-FORMATION; MOLECULAR CLOUD; HCO+ EMISSION; DARK CLOUDS; DENSE CORES; EVOLUTION; GAS; DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSITION; CHEMISTRY AB CO isotopes are able to probe the different components in protostellar clouds. These components, core, envelope and outflow have distinct physical conditions, and sometimes more than one component contributes to the observed line profile. In this study, we determine how CO isotope abundances are altered by the physical conditions in the different components. We use a 3D molecular line transport code to simulate the emission of four CO isotopomers, (12)CO J = 2 --> 1, (13)CO J = 2 --> 1, C(18)O J = 2 --> 1 and C(17)O J = 2 --> 1 from the Class 0/1 object L483, which contains a cold quiescent core, an infalling envelope and a clear outflow. Our models replicate James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) line observations with the inclusion of freeze-out, a density profile and infall. Our model profiles of (12)CO and (13)CO have a large linewidth due to a high-velocity jet. These profiles replicate the process of more abundant material being susceptible to a jet. C(18)O and C(17)O do not display such a large linewidth as they trace denser quiescent material deep in the cloud. C1 [Carolan, P. B.; Redman, M. P.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Astron, Galway, Ireland. [Redman, M. P.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Redman, M. P.; Rawlings, J. M. C.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Keto, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Carolan, PB (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Astron, Galway, Ireland. EM patrick.carolan@nuigalway.ie NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 2 BP 705 EP 712 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12581.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 247ZV UT WOS:000252122000025 ER PT J AU Smith, DG Brokovich, E Einbinder, S AF Smith, David G. Brokovich, Eran Einbinder, Shai TI Gymnothorax baranesi, a new moray eel (Anguilliformes : Muraenidae) from the Red Sea SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; Indian ocean AB Gymnothorax baranesi n. sp. is described from three specimens collected in moderately deep water in the Gulf of Aquaba, Red Sea, Israel. It is characterized by irregular, pale, rosette-like spots on a dark background. The snout is somewhat slender. The intermaxillary teeth are arranged in one peripheral and one median row. The maxillary teeth are arranged in 1-2 rows, the inner row, when present, consists of only two depressible teeth. The new species is compared to other pale-spotted species in the Indian Ocean. C1 [Smith, David G.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Brokovich, Eran; Einbinder, Shai] Interuniv Inst Marine Sci, IL-88103 Elat, Israel. [Brokovich, Eran; Einbinder, Shai] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Life Sci, Dept Evolut Systemat & Ecol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Smith, DG (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, MRC-159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RI Brokovich, Eran/A-4911-2009 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 11 PY 2008 IS 1678 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 250DZ UT WOS:000252281500004 ER PT J AU Humphreys, EML Reid, MJ Greenhill, LJ Moran, JM Argon, AL AF Humphreys, E. M. L. Reid, M. J. Greenhill, L. J. Moran, J. M. Argon, A. L. TI Toward a new geometric distance to the active galaxy NGC 4258. II. Centripetal accelerations and investigation of spiral structure SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; distance scale; galaxies : active; galaxies : nuclei; instabilities; masers ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; PERIOD-LUMINOSITY RELATION; H2O MASER EMISSION; BLACK-HOLE; CEPHEID DISTANCE; GALACTIC NUCLEI; ACCRETION DISK; WATER MASERS; CONSTANT; NGC4258 AB We report measurements of centripetal accelerations of maser spectral components of NGC 4258 for 51 epochs spanning 1994 to 2004. This is the second paper of a series, in which the goal is the determination of a new geometric maser distance to NGC 4258, accurate to possibly similar to 3%. We measure accelerations using a formal analysis method that involves simultaneous decomposition of maser spectra for all epochs into multiple, Gaussian components. Components are coupled between epochs by linear drifts (accelerations) from their centroid velocities at a reference epoch. For high-velocity emission, accelerations lie in the range -0.7 to + 0.7 km s(-1) yr(-1), indicating an origin within 13 degrees of the disk midline (the perpendicular to the line of sight [LOS] to the black hole). Comparison of the projected positions of high-velocity emission in VLBI images with those derived from acceleration data provides evidence that masers trace real gas dynamics. High-velocity emission accelerations do not support a model of trailing shocks associated with spiral arms in the disk. However, we find strengthened evidence for spatial periodicity in high-velocity emission, of wavelength 0.75 mas. This supports suggestions of spiral structure due to density waves in the nuclear accretion disk of an active galaxy. Accelerations of low-velocity (systemic) emission lie in the range 7.7 to 8.9 km s(-1) yr(-1), consistent with emission originating from a concavity where the thin, warped disk is tangent to the LOS. A trend in accelerations of low-velocity emission, as a function of Doppler velocity, may be associated with disk geometry and orientation or with the presence of spiral structure. C1 [Humphreys, E. M. L.; Reid, M. J.; Greenhill, L. J.; Moran, J. M.; Argon, A. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Humphreys, EML (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Moran, James/0000-0002-3882-4414 NR 39 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 2 BP 800 EP 816 DI 10.1086/523637 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RG UT WOS:000253454100007 ER PT J AU Padgett, DL Rebull, LM Stapelfeldt, KR Chapman, NL Lai, SP Mundy, LG Evans, NJ Brooke, TY Cieza, LA Spiesman, WJ Noriega-Crespo, A McCabe, CE Allen, LE Blake, GA Harvey, PM Huard, TL Jorgensen, JK Koerner, DW Myers, PC Sargent, AI Teuben, P van Dishoeck, EF Wahhaj, Z Young, KE AF Padgett, Deborah L. Rebull, Luisa M. Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Chapman, Nicholas L. Lai, Shih-Ping Mundy, Lee G. Evans, Neal J., II Brooke, Timothy Y. Cieza, Lucas A. Spiesman, William J. Noriega-Crespo, Alberto McCabe, Caer-Eve Allen, Lori E. Blake, Geoffrey A. Harvey, Paul M. Huard, Tracy L. Jorgensen, Jes K. Koerner, David W. Myers, Philip C. Sargent, Annelia I. Teuben, Peter van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Wahhaj, Zahed Young, Kaisa E. TI The Spitzer c2d survey of large, nearby, interstellar clouds. VII. Ophiuchus observed with MIPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; ISM : clouds; stars : formation ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; BROWN DWARF CANDIDATES; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; RHO-OPHIUCHI; DARK-CLOUD; MOLECULAR CLOUD AB We present maps of 14.4 deg(2) of the Ophiuchus dark clouds observed by the Spitzer Space Telescope Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer ( MIPS). These high-quality maps depict both numerous point sources and extended dust emission within the star-forming and non-star-forming portions of these clouds. Using PSF-fitting photometry, we detect 5779 sources at 24 mu m and 81 sources at 70 mu m at the 10 sigma level of significance. Three hundred twenty-three candidate young stellar objects ( YSOs) were identified according to their positions on the MIPS/2MASS K versus K - [24] color-magnitude diagrams, as compared to 24 mu m detections in the SWIRE extragalactic survey. We find that more than half of the YSO candidates, and almost all those with protostellar Class I spectral energy distributions, are confined to the known cluster and aggregates. C1 [Padgett, Deborah L.; Rebull, Luisa M.; Brooke, Timothy Y.; Noriega-Crespo, Alberto; McCabe, Caer-Eve] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; McCabe, Caer-Eve] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chapman, Nicholas L.; Lai, Shih-Ping; Mundy, Lee G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lai, Shih-Ping] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. [Lai, Shih-Ping] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Astron, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. [Lai, Shih-Ping] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Evans, Neal J., II; Cieza, Lucas A.; Spiesman, William J.; Harvey, Paul M.; Young, Kaisa E.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Allen, Lori E.; Myers, Philip C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Blake, Geoffrey A.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Koerner, David W.; Wahhaj, Zahed] No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [van Dishoeck, Ewine F.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Sargent, Annelia I.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Padgett, DL (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, MC 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dlp@ipac.caltech.edu RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; OI Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X NR 66 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 2 BP 1013 EP 1037 DI 10.1086/523883 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RG UT WOS:000253454100024 ER PT J AU Torres, MAP Jonker, PG Steeghs, D Roelofs, GHA Bloom, JS Casares, J Falco, EE Garcia, MR Marsh, TR Mendez, M Miller, JM Nelemans, G Rodriguez-Gil, P AF Torres, M. A. P. Jonker, P. G. Steeghs, D. Roelofs, G. H. A. Bloom, J. S. Casares, J. Falco, E. E. Garcia, M. R. Marsh, T. R. Mendez, M. Miller, J. M. Nelemans, G. Rodriguez-Gil, P. TI Observations of the 599 Hz accreting X-ray pulsar IGR J00291+5934 during the 2004 outburst and in quiescence SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; stars : individual (IGR J00291+5934); X-rays : stars ID DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS; DISC INSTABILITY MODEL; DWARF NOVA OUTBURSTS; INFRARED FILTER SET; MILLISECOND PULSAR; IGR J00291+5934; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; SAX J1808.4-3658; NEUTRON-STAR; LIGHT CURVES AB We report on optical and near-infrared observations obtained during and after the 2004 December discovery outburst of the X-ray transient and accretion-powered millisecond pulsar IGR J00291+5934. Our observations monitored the evolution of the brightness and the spectral properties of IGR J00291+5934 during the outburst decay toward quiescence. We also present optical, near-infrared, and Chandra observations obtained during true quiescence. Photometry of the field during outburst reveals an optical and near-infrared counterpart that brightened from R similar or equal to 23 to R similar or equal to 17 and from K = 19 to K similar or equal to 16. Spectral analysis of the RIJHK broadband photometry shows excess in the near-infrared bands that may be due to synchrotron emission. The H alpha emission line profile suggests the orbital inclination is similar or equal to 22 degrees-32 degrees. The preferred range for the reddening toward the source is 0.7 <= E(B - V) <= 0: 9, which is equivalent to 4.06 x 10(21) cm(-2) <= N(H) <= 5.22 x 10(21) cm(-2). The Chandra observations of the pulsar in its quiescent state gave an unabsorbed 0.5-10 keV flux for the best-fitting power-law model to the source spectrum of (7.0 +/- 0.9)x10(-14) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) (adopting a hydrogen column of 4.6x10(21) cm(-2)). The fit resulted in a power-law photon index of 2.4(-0.4)(+0.5). The (R - K)(0) color observed during quiescence supports an irradiated donor star and accretion disk. We estimate a distance of 2-4 kpc toward IGR J00291+ 5934 by using the outburst X-ray light curve and the estimated critical X-ray luminosity necessary to keep the outer parts of the accretion disk ionized. Using the quiescent X-ray luminosity and the spin period, we constrain the magnetic field of the neutron star to be <3x10(8) G. C1 [Torres, M. A. P.; Jonker, P. G.; Steeghs, D.; Falco, E. E.; Garcia, M. R.; Miller, J. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jonker, P. G.; Mendez, M.] Netherlands inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3508 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jonker, P. G.; Mendez, M.] Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3584 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Roelofs, G. H. A.; Nelemans, G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Bloom, J. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Casares, J.; Rodriguez-Gil, P.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. [Mendez, M.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Marsh, T. R.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Miller, J. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Torres, MAP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Mendez, Mariano/C-8011-2012; Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Rodriguez-Gil, Pablo/H-7709-2015 OI Mendez, Mariano/0000-0003-2187-2708; Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Rodriguez-Gil, Pablo/0000-0002-4717-5102 NR 98 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 2 BP 1079 EP 1090 DI 10.1086/523831 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RG UT WOS:000253454100029 ER PT J AU Apai, D Janson, M Moro-Martin, A Meyer, MR Mamajek, EE Masciadri, E Henning, T Pascucci, I Kim, JS Hillenbrand, LA Kasper, M Biller, B AF Apai, D. Janson, M. Moro-Martin, A. Meyer, M. R. Mamajek, E. E. Masciadri, E. Henning, Th. Pascucci, I. Kim, J. S. Hillenbrand, L. A. Kasper, M. Biller, B. TI A survey for massive giant planets in debris disks with evacuated inner cavities SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems; stars : individual (HD 105, HD 377, HD 107146, HD 202917, HD 209253, HD 35850, HD 70573, HD 25457) ID SUN-LIKE STARS; IMAGING SEARCH; BROWN DWARFS; UPPER LIMITS; GAS MASS; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS; DUST; SPITZER; 1ST AB The commonality of collisionally replenished debris around main-sequence stars suggests that minor bodies are frequent around Sun-like stars. Whether or not debris disks in general are accompanied by planets is yet unknown, but debris disks with large inner cavities-perhaps dynamically cleared-are considered to be prime candidates for hosting large-separation massive giant planets. We present here a high-contrast VLT/NACO angular differential imaging survey for eight such cold debris disks. We investigated the presence of massive giant planets in the range of orbital radii where the inner edge of the dust debris is expected. Our observations are sensitive to planets and brown dwarfs with masses >3-7 Jupiter mass, depending on the age and distance of the target star. Our observations did not identify any planet candidates. We compare the derived planet mass upper limits to the minimum planet mass required to dynamically clear the inner disks. While we cannot exclude that single giant planets are responsible for clearing out the inner debris disks, our observations constrain the parameter space available for such planets. The nondetection of massive planets in these evacuated debris disks further reinforces the notion that the giant planet population is confined to the inner disk (< 15 AU). C1 [Apai, D.; Meyer, M. R.; Pascucci, I.; Kim, J. S.; Biller, B.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Janson, M.; Henning, Th.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Moro-Martin, A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mamajek, E. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hillenbrand, L. A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kasper, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Apai, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM apai@as.arizona.edu RI Masciadri, Elena/L-4377-2013 OI Masciadri, Elena/0000-0002-0450-4092 NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 2 BP 1196 EP 1201 DI 10.1086/524191 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RG UT WOS:000253454100041 ER PT J AU Bobra, MG Ballegooijen, AA DeLuca, EE AF Bobra, M. G. van Ballegooijen, A. A. DeLuca, E. E. TI Modeling nonpotential magnetic fields in solar active regions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : magnetic fields ID FORCE-FREE FIELDS; THERMAL NONEQUILIBRIUM; PROMINENCE FORMATION; VECTOR MAGNETOGRAMS; FLUX ROPES; FLARES; RECONSTRUCTION; EQUILIBRIUM; EVOLUTION; CONFIGURATIONS AB Electric currents are present in the coronae above solar active regions, producing nonpotential magnetic fields that can be approximated as nonlinear force-free fields (NLFFFs). In this paper NLFFF models for two active regions observed in 2002 June are presented. The models are based on magnetograms from SOHO MDI and are constrained by nonpotential structures seen in BBSO H alpha images and TRACE EUV images. The models are constructed using the flux rope insertion method. We find that the axial fluxes of the flux ropes are well constrained by the observations. The flux ropes are only weakly twisted, and electric currents flow mainly at the interface between the flux rope and its surroundings. In one case, the flux rope is anchored with both ends in the active region; in the other case, the flux rope extends to the neighboring quiet Sun. We find that the magnetic fields in these active regions are close to an eruptive state: the axial flux in the flux ropes is close to the upper limit for eruption. We also derive estimates for magnetic free energy and helicity in these regions. C1 [Bobra, M. G.; van Ballegooijen, A. A.; DeLuca, E. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bobra, MG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013; OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895; van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 46 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 2 BP 1209 EP 1220 DI 10.1086/523927 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RG UT WOS:000253454100043 ER PT J AU Knowlton, N AF Knowlton, Nancy TI Coral reefs SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Knowlton, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 163, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM nknowlton@ucsd.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP R18 EP R21 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.018 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 250IE UT WOS:000252292400010 PM 18177705 ER PT J AU Niven, JE AF Niven, Jeremy E. TI Evolution: Convergent eye losses in fishy circumstances SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID REGRESSIVE EVOLUTION; CAVEFISH C1 [Niven, Jeremy E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Niven, Jeremy E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Niven, JE (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM jen22@hermes.cam.ac.uk RI Niven, Jeremy/A-5883-2011 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP R27 EP R29 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.020 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 250IE UT WOS:000252292400014 PM 18177709 ER PT J AU Scharlemann, JPW Laurance, WF AF Scharlemann, Jorn P. W. Laurance, William F. TI Environmental science - How green are biofuels? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENERGY; ETHANOL; DEFORESTATION; CLIMATE C1 [Scharlemann, Jorn P. W.; Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Scharlemann, JPW (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM jscharlemann@gmail.com; laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Scharlemann, Jorn/A-4737-2008 OI Scharlemann, Jorn/0000-0002-2834-6367 NR 14 TC 221 Z9 227 U1 8 U2 95 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 4 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5859 BP 43 EP 44 DI 10.1126/science.1153103 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247MM UT WOS:000252084000020 PM 18174426 ER PT J AU Nicastro, F Mathur, S Elvis, M AF Nicastro, Fabrizio Mathur, Smita Elvis, Martin TI Missing baryons and the warm-hot intergalactic medium SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID X-RAY FOREST; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ABSORPTION SYSTEMS; XMM-NEWTON; MARKARIAN-421; DENSITY; CHANDRA AB Stars and gas in galaxies, hot intracluster medium, and intergalactic photo- ionized gas make up at most half of the baryons that are expected to be present in the universe. The majority of baryons are still missing and are expected to be hidden in a web of warm- hot intergalactic medium. This matter was shock- heated during the collapse of density perturbations that led to the formation of the relaxed structures that we see today. Finding the missing baryons and thereby producing a complete inventory of possibly the only detectable component of the energy- mass budget of the universe is crucial to validate or invalidate our standard cosmological model. C1 [Nicastro, Fabrizio; Elvis, Martin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nicastro, Fabrizio] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. [Mathur, Smita] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Nicastro, F (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM fnicastro@cfa.harvard.edu OI Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 4 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5859 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1126/science.1151400 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247MM UT WOS:000252084000026 PM 18174432 ER PT B AU Cruz, KL Kirkpatrick, JD Burgasser, AJ Looper, D Mohanty, S Prato, L Faherty, J Solomon, A AF Cruz, Kelle L. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy Burgasser, Adam J. Looper, Dagny Mohanty, Subhanjoy Prato, Lisa Faherty, Jackie Solomon, Adam BE VanBelle, G TI A new population of young brown dwarfs SO 14TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP ON COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS, AND THE SUN SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Pasadena, CA ID TW-HYDRAE-ASSOCIATION; SKY SURVEY 2MASS; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; COOL NEIGHBORS; FIELD AB We report, the discovery of a population of late-M and L field dwarfs with unusual optical and near-infrared spectral features that we attribute to low gravity-likely uncommonly young, low-mass brown dwarfs. Many of these new-found young objects have southerly declinations and distance estimates within 60 parsecs. Intriguingly, these are the same properties of recently discovered, nearby, intermediate-age (5-50 Myr), loose associations such as Tucana/Horologium, the TW Hya association, and the Beta Pictoris moving group. We describe our efforts to confirm cluster membership and to further investigate this possible new young population of brown dwarfs. C1 [Cruz, Kelle L.; Faherty, Jackie; Solomon, Adam] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, Cent Pk W & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Cruz, Kelle L.] NSF, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Kirkpatrick, J. Davy] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91102 USA. [Burgasser, Adam J.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Looper, Dagny] Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Mohanty, Subhanjoy] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Prato, Lisa] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Faherty, Jackie] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Solomon, Adam] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Cruz, KL (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, Cent Pk W & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. FU NSF [AST 04-01418] FX K. L. C. is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under AST 04-01418. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-331-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 384 BP 119 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHQ83 UT WOS:000255549400013 ER PT B AU Cranmer, SR AF Cranmer, Steven R. BE VanBelle, G TI Winds of main-sequence stars: Observational limits and a path to theoretical prediction SO 14TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP ON COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS, AND THE SUN SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Pasadena, CA ID LOW-GRAVITY STARS; MASS-LOSS RATES; X-RAY-EMISSION; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; STELLAR WINDS; COOL STARS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; HOT JUPITERS; ALFVEN WAVES AB It is notoriously difficult to measure the winds of solar-type stars. Traditional spectroscopic and radio continuum techniques are sensitive to mass loss rates at least two to three orders of magnitude stronger than the Sun's relatively feeble wind. Much has been done with these methods to probe the more massive outflows of younger (T Tauri) and older (giant, AGB, supergiant) cool stars, but the main sequence remains terra incognita. This presentation reviews the limits on traditional diagnostics and outlines more recent ideas such as Lyman alpha astrospheres and charge-exchange X-ray emission. In addition, there are hybrid constraints on mass loss rates that combine existing observables and theoretical models. The Sackmann/Boothroyd conjecture of a more massive young Sun (and thus a much stronger ZAMS wind) is one such idea that needs to be tested further. Another set of ideas involves a strong proposed coupling between coronal heating and stellar mass loss rates, where the former is easier to measure in stars down to solar-like values. The combined modeling of stellar coronae and stellar winds is developing rapidly, and it seems to be approaching a level of development where the only remaining "free parameters" involve the sub-photospheric convection. This talk will also summarize these theoretical efforts to predict the properties of solar-type main-sequence winds. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cranmer, SR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-331-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 384 BP 317 EP 326 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHQ83 UT WOS:000255549400034 ER PT B AU Brickhouse, NS AF Brickhouse, Nancy S. BE VanBelle, G TI Summary of the splinter session: Spectral diagnostics of hot plasma from cool stars SO 14TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP ON COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS, AND THE SUN SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Pasadena, CA ID SIGMA(2) CORONAE BOREALIS; ACTIVE STELLAR CORONAE; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; DOPPLER SHIFTS; HYDROGEN-LIKE; XMM-NEWTON; FE-XVIII; CHANDRA; EMISSION; CAPELLA AB EUV and X-ray spectra tell us about the physical conditions in the hot coronae, in particular temperature, density, elemental abundances, opacity, and velocity. The values derived from spectroscopy inform our models of magnetic structure, accretion shocks, and hot winds. But two issues must always be kept in mind: (1) the methods used are often indirect and inferential, and make a lot of assumptions; and (2) the fundamental atomic data have flaws which are often not taken into account. During the splinter session speakers addressed both of these issues for topics of recent interest. This session also emphasized the solar/stellar connection. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brickhouse, NS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS 15,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-331-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 384 BP 351 EP 357 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHQ83 UT WOS:000255549400037 ER PT B AU Mamajek, EE Navascues, DBY Randich, S Jensen, ELN Young, PA Miglio, A Barnes, SA AF Mamajek, Eric E. Navascues, David Barrado y Randich, Sofia Jensen, Eric L. N. Young, Patrick A. Miglio, Andrea Barnes, Sydney A. BE VanBelle, G TI A splinter session on the thorny problem of stellar ages SO 14TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP ON COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS, AND THE SUN SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Pasadena, CA ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; ALPHA-CENTAURI-AB; LOW-MASS STARS; LITHIUM DEPLETION; FREQUENCIES; PARAMETERS; EVOLUTION; CLUSTER; DWARFS AB Accurate stellar ages remain one of the most poorly constrained, but most desired, astronomical quantities. Here we briefly summarize some recent efforts to improve the stellar age scale from a subset of talks from the "Stellar Ages" splinter session at the 14th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun. The topics discussed include both the apparent successes and alarming discrepancies in using Li depletion to age-date clusters, sources of uncertainty in ages due to input physics in evolutionary models, and recent results from asteroseismology and gyrochronology. C1 [Mamajek, Eric E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Navascues, David Barrado y] lab Astrofis, Espacial Fis Fundamental, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. [Jensen, Eric L. N.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Young, Patrick A.] Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Young, Patrick A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Miglio, Andrea] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Cointe Ougree, Belgium. [Barnes, Sydney A.] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Mamajek, EE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Barrado Navascues, David/C-1439-2017 OI Barrado Navascues, David/0000-0002-5971-9242 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-331-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 384 BP 374 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHQ83 UT WOS:000255549400040 ER PT S AU Lamb, R Angryk, R Martiens, P AF Lamb, Robbie Angryk, Rafal Martiens, Piet GP IEEE TI An Example Based Image Retrieval System for the TRACE Repository SO 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOLS 1-6 SE International Conference on Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2008) CY DEC 08-11, 2008 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID RECOGNITION AB Tire ability to identify particular features and structures, such as faces or types of scenery in images, is a topic with many available applications and potential solutions. In this paper we discuss solar images and the results of our investigation of techniques that can be used to identify solar phenomena in images from the TRACE satellite for the creation of a search engine. Being able to automatically identify and search for various phenomena in solar images is of great interest for scientists studying the sun. We discuss a set of characteristics that can be quickly extracted from solar images. These characteristics are used to create classifiers for various phenomena contained in solar images. The classifiers are then used to create an example based information retrieval system There are many obstacles that need to be overcome when extracting features and creating these classifiers. These include the inherent unbalanced data sets due to varying rates different phenomena appear and multiple phenomenon that could appear in each image. C1 [Lamb, Robbie; Angryk, Rafal] Montana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Martiens, Piet] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lamb, R (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM lamb@cs.montana.edu; angryk@cs.montana.edu; pmartens@cfs.harvard.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-4651 BN 978-1-4244-2174-9 J9 INT C PATT RECOG PY 2008 BP 559 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJC36 UT WOS:000264729000137 ER PT B AU Kania, P Giesen, TF Muller, HSP Schlemmer, S Brunken, S AF Kania, Patrik Giesen, Thomas F. Mueller, Holger S. P. Schlemmer, Stephan Bruenken, Sandra GP IEEE TI Millimeter Wave Spectroscopy of Titanium Monoxide and Titanium Dioxide SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE AB The pure rotational transitions of titanium monoxide and titanium dioxide have been detected by means of. laser-ablation molecular beam millimeter-wave spectroscopy. These submillimeter-wave data were analyzed together with previous low frequency data using Pickett's programs and the precise rotational, leading centrifugal distortion, and fine structure constants were determined. C1 [Kania, Patrik] Inst Chem Technol, Joint Lab, Technicka 5, Prague 16625, Czech Republic. [Kania, Patrik; Giesen, Thomas F.; Mueller, Holger S. P.; Schlemmer, Stephan] Univ Cologne, I Physikal Inst, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Bruenken, Sandra] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kania, P (reprint author), Inst Chem Technol, Joint Lab, Technicka 5, Prague 16625, Czech Republic. RI Kania, Patrik/C-5386-2012 FU German program "SFB 494"; European program "Molecular Universe"; Ministry of Education; Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [LC06071] FX The work was supported through the German program SFB 494, the European program Molecular Universe and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (research program LC06071) NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 736 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700387 ER PT J AU Zloczewski, K Kaluzny, J Hartman, J AF Zloczewski, K. Kaluzny, J. Hartman, J. TI Photometric survey for stellar clusters in the outer part of M33 SO ACTA ASTRONOMICA LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : individual : M33; galaxies : star clusters ID STAR-CLUSTERS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; GALAXIES; CATALOG; HALO; CANDIDATES; PARAMETERS; PROGRAM; M-33 AB We present a catalog of 4780 extended sources from the outer field of M33. The catalog includes 73 previously identified clusters or planetary nebulae, 1153 likely background galaxies, and 3554 new candidate stellar clusters. The survey is based on deep ground-based images obtained with the MegaCam instrument on the CFHT telescope. We provide g'r'i' photometry for detected objects as well as estimates of the FWHM and ellipticity of their profiles. The sample includes 122 new, relatively bright, likely globular clusters. Follow-up observations of fainter candidates from our list may extend the faint-end of the observed luminosity function of globular clusters in M33 by up to 3 magnitudes. The catalog includes several cluster candidates located in the outskirts of the galaxy. These objects are promising targets for deep photometry with the HST. We present a color-magnitude diagram for one detected object, showing that it is an extended and low-surface-brightness old cluster located at an angular distance of 27' from the center of M33. C1 [Zloczewski, K.; Kaluzny, J.] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Hartman, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zloczewski, K (reprint author), Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. EM kzlocz@camk.edu.pl; jka@camk.edu.pl; jhartman@cfa.harvard.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS FOUNDATION POLISH ASTRONOMY PI WARSAW PA AL UJAZDOWSKIE 4, 00-478 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0001-5237 J9 ACTA ASTRONOM JI Acta Astron. PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 23 EP 39 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294DE UT WOS:000255383600003 ER PT J AU Mochejska, BJ Stanek, KZ Sasselov, DD Szentgyorgyi, AH Cooper, RL Hickox, RC Hradecky, V Marrone, DP Winn, JN Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A AF Mochejska, B. J. Stanek, K. Z. Sasselov, D. D. Szentgyorgyi, A. H. Cooper, R. L. Hickox, R. C. Hradecky, V. Marrone, D. P. Winn, J. N. Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A. TI Planets in Stellar Clusters Extensive Search. V.Search for Planets and Identification of 18 new Variable Stars in the Old Open Cluster NGC 188. SO ACTA ASTRONOMICA LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; binaries: eclipsing; novae, cataclysmic variables; Stars: variables: general; Hertzsprung-Russel (HR) and C-M diagrams ID WIYN OPEN CLUSTER; IMAGE SUBTRACTION PHOTOMETRY; NGC-188; DISCOVERY; FIELD; NGC-2158; NGC-6791 AB We have undertaken a long-term project, Planets in Stellar Clusters Extensive Search (PISCES), to search for transiting planets in open clusters. In this paper we present the results for NGC 188, an old, rather populous cluster. We have monitored the cluster for more than 87 hours, spread over 45 nights. We have not detected any good transiting planet candidates. We have discovered 18 new variable stars in the cluster, bringing the total number of identified variables to 28, and present for them high precision light curves, spanning 15 months. C1 [Mochejska, B. J.; Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A.] Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Stanek, K. Z.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sasselov, D. D.; Szentgyorgyi, A. H.; Cooper, R. L.; Hickox, R. C.; Hradecky, V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Winn, J. N.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Winn, J. N.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A.] Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Astron Observ, PL-60286 Poznan, Poland. RP Mochejska, BJ (reprint author), Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. EM mochejsk@camk.edu.pl; kstanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; saint@cfa.harvard.edu; rcooper@cfa.harvard.edu; rhickox@cfa.harvard.edu; vhradecky@cfa.harvard.edu; dmarrone@uchicago.edu; jwinn@cfa.harvard.edu FU Polish KBN [P03D012.30]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Digital Sky Survey [NAG W-2166] FX We would like to thank the FLWO 1.2-m Time Allocation Committee for the generous amount of time we were allocated to this project.; Support for BJM was provided by the Polish KBN grant P03D012.30.; This publication makes use of data products from: the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation; the Digital Sky Survey, produced at the Space Telescope Science Institute under U.S. Government grant NAG W-2166; the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France and the WEBDA open cluster database maintained by J. C. Mermilliod (http://obswww.unige.ch/webda/). NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS FOUNDATION POLISH ASTRONOMY PI WARSAW PA AL UJAZDOWSKIE 4, 00-478 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0001-5237 J9 ACTA ASTRONOM JI Acta Astron. PY 2008 VL 58 IS 3 BP 263 EP 278 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 364WR UT WOS:000260366800006 ER PT J AU Molenda-Zakowicz, J Frasca, A Latham, DW AF Molenda-Zakowicz, J. Frasca, A. Latham, D. W. TI Spectroscopic Study of Candidates for Kepler Asteroseismic Targets - Solar-Like Stars SO ACTA ASTRONOMICA LA English DT Article DE binaries: spectroscopic; Stars: fundamental parameters ID ELODIE ECHELLE SPECTRA; PROPER-MOTION STARS; PARAMETERS T-EFF; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; ONLINE DETERMINATION; LOG G; BINARIES; OSCILLATIONS; CEPHEIDS; FE/H AB We report spectroscopic observations of 23 candidates for Kepler asteroscismic targets and 10 other stars in the Kepler field. For all these stars, we derive the radial velocities, effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, the projected rotational velocity, and estimate the MK type. HIP 97513 and HIP 92132 are classified as suspected new single-fined spectroscopic binaries. For 28 stars, the radial velocity is measured for the first time. C1 [Molenda-Zakowicz, J.] Univ Wroclaw, Astron Inst, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. [Frasca, A.] Catania Astrophys Observ, Catania, Italy. [Latham, D. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Molenda-Zakowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Wroclaw, Astron Inst, Ul Kopernika 11, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. EM molenda@astro.uni.wroc.pl; afr@oact.inaf.it; dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu OI Frasca, Antonio/0000-0002-0474-0896 FU MNiSW [N203 014 31/2650]; University of Wroclaw [2646/W/IA/06, 2793/W/IA/07]; Italian government [BWM-III-87-Wlochy/ED-W/06]; Socrates-Erasmus Program "Akcja 2" [33] FX This work was supported by MNiSW grant N203 014 31/2650, the University of Wroclaw grants 2646/W/IA/06 and 2793/W/IA/07, the Italian government fellowship BWM-III-87-Wlochy/ED-W/06 and the Socrates-Erasmus Program "Akcja 2" 2006-2007, contract No. 33. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS FOUNDATION POLISH ASTRONOMY PI WARSAW PA AL UJAZDOWSKIE 4, 00-478 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0001-5237 J9 ACTA ASTRONOM JI Acta Astron. PY 2008 VL 58 IS 4 BP 419 EP 431 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 397SH UT WOS:000262681900009 ER PT J AU Giannini, NP Almeida, FC Simmons, NB Helgen, KM AF Giannini, Norberto P. Almeida, Francisca Cunha Simmons, Nancy B. Helgen, Kristofer M. TI The systematic position of Pteropus leucopterus and its bearing on the monophyly and relationships of Pteropus (Chiroptera : Pteropodidae) SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Philippines; Desmalopex leucopterus; Pteropus; Megachiroptera; phylogeny ID PHYLOGENY; MAMMALIA; BATS; SUPPORT; GENUS AB Pteropus is the most speciose genus in Pteropodidae, currently comprising 65 species in 18 species groups. Here we examine whether Pteropus as currently understood is monophyletic. We sequenced three nuclear genes (RAG-1, RAG-2 and vWF) totalling c. 3.0 kbp from IS species of Pteropus representing 12 species groups, plus Acerodon celebensis and megachiropteran outgroups representing all other subfamilies and tribes. Separate and combined parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses recovered a clade containing Acerodon as sister to all Pteropus species to the exclusion of the Philippine endemic taxon 'P leucopterus', rendering Pteropus paraphyletic. We propose the revalidation of Desmalopex Miller, 1907, an available generic name for leucopterus, adopting the name combination Desmalopex leucopterus (Temminck, 1853). We discuss implications of this result and anticipate further modifications of the classification of Pteropus. C1 [Giannini, Norberto P.; Almeida, Francisca Cunha; Simmons, Nancy B.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mammal, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Giannini, Norberto P.] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Fac Ciencias Nat, Programa Invest Biodiversidad Argentina, CONICET, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Giannini, Norberto P.] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Inst Miguel Lillo, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Almeida, Francisca Cunha] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Mol Syst Lab, Div Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Helgen, Kristofer M.] Smithsonian Inst, NHB 390,MRC 108, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Giannini, NP (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mammal, Cent Pk W 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. EM norberto@amnh.org OI Simmons, Nancy B./0000-0001-8807-7499 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.3161/150811008X331054 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 327MR UT WOS:000257733700002 ER PT J AU Wei, L Han, N Zhang, L Helgen, KM Parsons, S Zhou, S Zhang, S AF Wei, Li Han, Naijian Zhang, Libiao Helgen, Kristofer M. Parsons, Stuart Zhou, Shanyi Zhang, Shuyi TI Wing morphology, echolocation calls, diet and emergence time of black-bearded tomb bats (Taphozous melanopogon, Emballonuridae) from southwest China SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE flight morphology; echolocation calls; diet; emergence time; Taphozous melanopogon; southwest China ID BIG-EARED BAT; FOOD-HABITS; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; PIPISTRELLUS-PIPISTRELLUS; TYLONYCTERIS-ROBUSTULA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; CHIROPTERA; ROOST; VESPERTILIONIDAE AB We studied the wing morphology, echolocation calls, diet and emergence time of the black-bearded tomb bat (Taphozous melanopogon) from May to October 2006 in Guangxi Province, southwest China. Taphozous melanopogon has wings with high aspect ratio, high loading and pointed wing-tip shape-characteristics associated with fast flight in open space. This species usually produces low-intensity, low frequency, and frequency-modulated (FM) calls usually containing up to four harmonics, with most energy in the second (or sometimes third) harmonic. The diet of this species consists mostly of Lepidoptera and Hemiptera. Timing of evening emergence is correlated with the time of sunset. This is the first study to describe the flight and echolocation behavior of this species in China, and opens the way for future studies,of, its biology. C1 [Wei, Li; Zhang, Shuyi] E China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Han, Naijian] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Libiao] Guangdong Entomol Inst, Guangzhou 510260, Peoples R China. [Helgen, Kristofer M.] Smithsonian Inst, NHB 390 MRC 108, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Helgen, Kristofer M.] Macquarie Univ, Div Environm & Life Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Parsons, Stuart] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Zhou, Shanyi] Guangxi Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Qixing 541004, Guilin, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), E China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, 3663 Zhongshan Beilu, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. EM syzhang@bio.ecnu.edu.cn OI Parsons, Stuart/0000-0003-1025-5616 NR 51 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 EI 1733-5329 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.3161/150811008X331081 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 327MR UT WOS:000257733700005 ER PT J AU Faden, RB AF Faden, Robert B. TI Commelina mascarenica (Commelinaceae): an overlooked Malagasy species in Africa SO ADANSONIA LA English DT Article DE Commelinaceae; Commelina; Madagascar; East Africa AB Until 2006 Commelina mascarenica had been recorded with certainty only from Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. It is here reported also from Africa in Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique. African specimens have been overlooked, misidentified as C. imberbis, or treated as a distinct but unnamed species. Commelina mascarenica is apparently most closely related to the African and Arabian peninsular species G. imberbis. A full description, illustration and the first chromosome number for C mascarenica are provided. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Faden, RB (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC-166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM fadenr@si.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES DU MUSEUM, PARIS PI PARIS CEDEX 05 PA CP 39-57, RUE CUVIER, F-75231 PARIS CEDEX 05, FRANCE SN 1280-8571 J9 ADANSONIA JI Adansonia PY 2008 VL 30 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 323CT UT WOS:000257422300005 ER PT S AU Evans, JD Evans, IN Fabbiano, G AF Evans, Janet D. Evans, Ian N. Fabbiano, Giuseppina BE Bridger, A Radziwill, NM TI The software development process at the Chandra X-ray Center SO ADVANCED SOFTWARE AND CONTROL FOR ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1 & 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Advanced Software and Control for Astronomy CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP iAG, INAF, INTA, CESR, CNRS, Univ Tubingen, Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, IASF Roma, INAF, Dept Programas Espciales Cien Espac, DPECE INTA Madrid, E O Hulburt Ctr Space Res, HCA NRL, Max Planck Inst Extraterrestrial Phys, MPE, St John Coll, CNRS UPS OMP, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayoonnements, Inst Astron Astrophys, Univ SAND I, Competitiveness Cluster, POPsud Pole Opt & Photon, Opt Sud, SPIE DE data processing; development processes; software development; system architecture AB Software development for the Chandra X-ray Center Data System began in the mid 1990's, and the waterfall model of development was mandated by our documents. Although we initially tried this approach, we found that a process with elements of the spiral model worked better in our science-based environment. High-level science requirements are usually established by scientists, and provided to the software development group. We follow with review and refinement of those requirements prior to the design phase. Design reviews are conducted for substantial projects within the development team, and include scientists whenever appropriate. Development follows agreed upon schedules that include several internal releases of the task before completion. Feedback from science testing early in the process helps to identify and resolve misunderstandings present in the detailed requirements, and allows review of intangible requirements. The development process includes specific testing of requirements, developer and user documentation, and support after deployment to operations or to users. We discuss the process we follow at the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) to develop software and support operations. We review the role of the science and development staff from conception to release of software, and some lessons learned from managing CXC software development for over a decade. C1 [Evans, Janet D.; Evans, Ian N.; Fabbiano, Giuseppina] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7229-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7019 AR 701917 DI 10.1117/12.790524 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BIO24 UT WOS:000261330600040 ER PT S AU Paton, L Cirtain, J Grant, P AF Paton, Lisa Cirtain, Jonathan Grant, Paul BE Bridger, A Radziwill, NM TI Storage options for petabytes of data SO ADVANCED SOFTWARE AND CONTROL FOR ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1 & 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Advanced Software and Control for Astronomy CY JUN 26-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP iAG, INAF, INTA, CESR, CNRS, Univ Tubingen, Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, IASF Roma, INAF, Dept Programas Espciales Cien Espac, DPECE INTA Madrid, E O Hulburt Ctr Space Res, HCA NRL, Max Planck Inst Extraterrestrial Phys, MPE, St John Coll, CNRS UPS OMP, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayoonnements, Inst Astron Astrophys, Univ SAND I, Competitiveness Cluster, POPsud Pole Opt & Photon, Opt Sud, SPIE DE computer; systems; architecture; file storage; archiving AB New instrumentation that produces extremely large quantities of data presents a challenge in data processing and management. The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) will house instruments that will produce 1.4TB of data per day. Processing and storing that quantity of data is a serious challenge. The instrument team for the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) that will fly on SDO spent the last 2 weeks in September doing a large-scale side-by-side comparison of archive equipment from Apple, BlueArc, EMC, Network Appliance, SGI and Sun Microsystems. Each vendor provided 100TB of SATA disk space and the required servers to showcase their unique solutions to the problem of petabyte sized archives. The results of the testing demonstrate some of the options available in this arena. We will discuss the results of the testing, the differences and similarities between the vendors and the applicability of the technologies to various environments. Keywords: C1 [Paton, Lisa; Grant, Paul] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 01749 USA. RP Paton, L (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 01749 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7229-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7019 AR 70192Z DI 10.1117/12.789763 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BIO24 UT WOS:000261330600100 ER PT S AU Klein, M Xiao, YH Corshkov, AV Hohensee, M Leunga, CD Browning, MR Phillips, DF Novikova, I Walsworth, RL AF Klein, Mason Xiao, Yanhong Corshkov, Alexey V. Hohensee, Michael Leunga, Cleo D. Browning, Mark R. Phillips, David F. Novikova, Irina Walsworth, Ronald L. BE Shahriar, SM Hemmer, PR Lowell, JR TI Optimizing slow and stored light for multidisciplinary applications - art. no. 69040C SO ADVANCES IN SLOW AND FAST LIGHT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Slow and Fast Light CY JAN 21-23, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE electromagnetically-induced transparency; slow light; stored light; vapor cell; buffer gas; optical depth ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; RETRIEVAL; MEMORIES; OPTICS; STATES AB We present a preliminary experimental study of the dependence on optical depth of slow and stored light pulses in Rb vapor. In particular, we characterize the efficiency of slow and stored light as a function of Rb density; pulse duration, delay and storage time; and control field intensity. Experimental results are in good qualitative agreement with theoretical calculations based on a simplified three-level model at moderate densities. C1 [Klein, Mason; Xiao, Yanhong; Hohensee, Michael; Leunga, Cleo D.; Browning, Mark R.; Phillips, David F.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Klein, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7079-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6904 BP C9040 EP C9040 DI 10.1117/12.772216 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHM35 UT WOS:000254265300006 ER PT J AU Rabello-Soares, MC Korzennik, SG Schou, J AF Rabello-Soares, M. C. Korzennik, Sylvain G. Schou, J. TI Variations of the solar acoustic high-degree mode frequencies over solar cycle 23 SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sun : helioseismology; Sun : activity; Sun : oscillations AB Using full-disk observations obtained with the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, we present variations of the solar acoustic mode frequencies caused by the solar activity cycle. High-degree ( 100 < l < 900) solar acoustic modes were analyzed using global helioseismology analysis techniques over most of solar cycle 23. We followed the methodology described in details in [Korzennik, S.G., Rabello-Soares, M.C., Schou, J. On the determination of Michelson Doppler Imager high-degree mode frequencies. ApJ 602, 481-515, 2004] to infer unbiased estimates of high-degree mode parameters ([see also Rabello-Soares, M.C., Korzcnnik, S.G., Schou, J. High-degree mode frequencies: changes with solar cycle. ESA SP-624, 2006]). We have removed most of the known instrumental and observational effects that affect specifically high-degree modes. We show that the high-degree changes are in good agreement with the medium-degree results, except for years when the instrument was highly defocused. We analyzed and discuss the effect of defocusing On high-degree estimation. our results for high-degree modes confirm that file frequency shift scaled by the relative mode inertia is a function of frequency and it is independent of degree. (c) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rabello-Soares, M. C.; Schou, J.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Korzennik, Sylvain G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rabello-Soares, MC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, 455 Via Palon, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM csoares@quake.Stanford.EDU RI Rabello Soares, Maria Cristina/C-3207-2013; OI Rabello Soares, Maria Cristina/0000-0003-0172-3713 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 6 BP 861 EP 867 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.014 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 290DR UT WOS:000255104000005 ER PT J AU Korzennik, SG AF Korzennik, Sylvain G. TI Current status of asteroseismology SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE asteroseismology ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; P-MODE OSCILLATIONS; GLOBAL PRESSURE OSCILLATIONS; ALPHA-CENTAURI; PROCYON-A; STELLAR MODELS; TIME-SERIES; FREQUENCIES; PHOTOMETRY; STARS AB Asteroseismology, the extension of helioscismology to stars - solar-alike or not - has been an exciting and active field of research for about two decades. While over that period helioseismology has had great success in revealing the solar structure and its dynamics, progress in asteroseismology has been hampered by the observational challenge to Carry Out, primarily from the ground, high precision measurements oil unresolved objects with a substantially lower flux. Over the past years, the field has seen a new golden age, primarily driven by observational advances and opportunities. With the June 2003 launch of the MOST spacecraft and the highly anticipated December 2006 launch of the COROT mission, we have truly entered the space-based observational era of asteroseismology. The ambitious vision mission like the Stellar Imager might even one day allow its to spatially resolve oscillations oil not too distant stars. At the same time ground-based observations have recently seen I quantum leap in precision thanks to the synergy between asteroseismology and exo-planet detection which both rely primarily oil precise radial velocity techniques. The diagnostic potential of asteroseismology is clearly demonstrated by the wealth of inferences collected from helioseismology. Nevertheless the current Status Of Observations, their interpretations and their implications for our models remain hotly debated Subjects. I review the status of the field, with an emphasis oil solar-like targets, while incorporating my own healthy scepticism bind observational bias. (c) 2007 COSPAR. published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Korzennik, SG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM skorzennik@cfa.harvard.edu NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 6 BP 897 EP 906 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.01.029 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 290DR UT WOS:000255104000010 ER PT J AU Olejniczak, AJ Smith, TM Wang, W Potts, R Ciochon, R Kullmer, O Schrenk, F Hublin, JJ AF Olejniczak, A. J. Smith, T. M. Wang, W. Potts, R. Ciochon, R. Kullmer, O. Schrenk, F. Hublin, J. -J. TI Molar enamel thickness and dentine horn height in Gigantopithecus blacki SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hominoid evolution; Asian fossil apes; relative enamel thickness; micro-computed tomography; dentine horn height; Ponginae ID SOUTH CHINA; BUBING BASIN; TEETH; EVOLUTION; PRIMATES; SHAPE AB Absolutely thick molar enamel is consistent with large body size estimates and dietary inferences about Gigantopithecus blacki, which focus on tough or fibrous vegetation. In this study, 10 G. blacki molars demonstrating various stages of attrition were imaged using high-resolution microtomography. Three-dimensional average enamel thickness and relative enamel thickness measurements were recorded on the least worn molars within the sample (n = 2). Seven molars were also virtually sectioned through the mesial cusps and two-dimensional enamel thickness and dentine horn height measurements were recorded. Gigantopithecus has the thickest enamel of any fossil or extant primate in terms of absolute thickness. Relative (size-scaled) measures of enamel thickness, however, support a thick characterization (i.e., not "hyper-thick"); G. blacki relative enamel thickness overlaps slightly with Pongo and completely with Homo. Gigantopithecus blacki dentine horns are relatively short, similar to (but shorter than) those of Pongo, which in turn are shorter than those of humans and African apes. Gigantopithecus blacki molar enamel (and to a lesser extent, that of Pongo pygmaeus) is distributed relatively evenly across the occlusal surface compared with the more complex distribution of enamel thickness in Homo sapiens. The combination of evenly distributed occlusal enamel and relatively short dentine horns in G. blacki results in a flat and low-cusped occlusal surface suitable to grinding tough or fibrous food objects. This suite of molar morphologies is also found to varying degrees in Pongo and Sivapithecus, but not in African apes and humans, and may be diagnostic of subfamily Ponginae. C1 [Olejniczak, A. J.; Smith, T. M.; Hublin, J. -J.] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Human Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. [Wang, W.] China Univ Geosci, Fac Earth Sci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Wang, W.] Nat Hist Museum Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg, Nanning, Peoples R China. [Potts, R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ciochon, R.] Univ Iowa, Dept Anthropol, Iowa City, IA USA. [Kullmer, O.] Senckenberg Res Inst, Dept Paleoanthropol & Quaternary Paleontol, Frankfurt, Germany. [Schrenk, F.] Univ Frankfurt, Dept Vertebrate Paleontol, Inst Ecol Evolut & Divers, Frankfurt, Germany. RP Olejniczak, AJ (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Human Evolut, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. EM olejniczak@eva.mpg.de OI Olejniczak, Anthony/0000-0002-4666-8933 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1002/ajpa.20711 PG 7 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 243VL UT WOS:000251825300009 PM 17941103 ER PT J AU Dominy, NJ Vogel, ER Haag, L van Schaik, CP Parker, GG AF Dominy, N. J. Vogel, E. R. Haag, L. van Schaik, C. P. Parker, G. G. TI Fallback or fall forward: food dispersion, canopy complexity, and the foraging adaptations of apes in Southeast Asia. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 09-12, 2008 CL Columbus, OH SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Dominy, N. J.; Vogel, E. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Anthropol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Haag, L.; van Schaik, C. P.] Univ Zurich, Anthropol Inst & Museum, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. [Parker, G. G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Forest Ecol Lab, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2008 SU 46 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 265EN UT WOS:000253342000153 ER PT J AU Durand, D Hunt, DR AF Durand, D. Hunt, D. R. TI Chin size and its relationship to facial prognathism in humans. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 09-12, 2008 CL Columbus, OH SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Durand, D.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Hunt, D. R.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2008 SU 46 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 265EN UT WOS:000253342000161 ER PT J AU Hunt, DR Spatola, B AF Hunt, D. R. Spatola, B. TI History and demographic profile of the George S. Huntington collection at the Smithsonian Institution. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 09-12, 2008 CL Columbus, OH SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Hunt, D. R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Spatola, B.] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Nat Museum Hlth & Med, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2008 SU 46 BP 121 EP 122 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 265EN UT WOS:000253342000284 ER PT J AU Mimnaugh, S Ullinger, J Ortner, D Sheridan, SG AF Mimnaugh, S. Ullinger, J. Ortner, D. Sheridan, S. G. TI Up a hill, down a mountain: change in ankle joint stability at Early Bronze Age Bab edh-Dhra', Jordan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 09-12, 2008 CL Columbus, OH SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Mimnaugh, S.; Sheridan, S. G.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Anthropol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Ullinger, J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ortner, D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2008 SU 46 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 265EN UT WOS:000253342000438 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Zuckerman, MK Carlson, BA Kingston, JD Armelagos, GJ Hunt, DR Amgalantugs, T Frohlich, B AF Turner, B. L. Zuckerman, M. K. Carlson, B. A. Kingston, J. D. Armelagos, G. J. Hunt, D. R. Amgalantugs, T. Frohlich, B. TI Prisoners of war or victims of raids? Population dynamics and their relationship to dynastic upheaval in southern Mongolia c. 1300-1350 AD. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 09-12, 2008 CL Columbus, OH SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Turner, B. L.; Zuckerman, M. K.; Carlson, B. A.; Kingston, J. D.; Armelagos, G. J.] Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Zuckerman, M. K.; Hunt, D. R.; Frohlich, B.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Phys Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Amgalantugs, T.] Mongolian Acad Sci, Inst Archaeol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2008 SU 46 BP 210 EP 210 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 265EN UT WOS:000253342000676 ER PT J AU Ubelaker, DH AF Ubelaker, D. H. TI Museum opportunities for public science education. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 09-12, 2008 CL Columbus, OH SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Ubelaker, D. H.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, NMNH, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2008 SU 46 BP 211 EP 211 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 265EN UT WOS:000253342000678 ER PT J AU Zuckerman, MK Turner, BL Carlson, BA Kingston, JD Armelagosi, GJ Hunt, DR Amgalantugs, T Frohlich, B AF Zuckerman, M. K. Turner, B. L. Carlson, B. A. Kingston, J. D. Armelagosi, G. J. Hunt, D. R. Amgalantugs, T. Frohlich, B. TI Diet and disease in times of war: Analysis of mummified human remains from Southern Mongolia c. 1300-1350 AD. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 09-12, 2008 CL Columbus, OH SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropol C1 [Zuckerman, M. K.; Turner, B. L.; Carlson, B. A.; Kingston, J. D.; Armelagosi, G. J.] Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Zuckerman, M. K.; Hunt, D. R.; Frohlich, B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Phys Anthropol, Washington, DC USA. [Amgalantugs, T.] Mongolian Acad Sci, Archaeol Inst, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2008 SU 46 BP 229 EP 229 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 265EN UT WOS:000253342000757 ER PT J AU Milligan, LA Gibson, SV Williams, LE Power, ML AF Milligan, Lauren A. Gibson, Susan V. Williams, Lawrence E. Power, Michael L. TI The composition of milk from Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE milk; lactation; New World primates; squirrel monkey; allonursing ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; NEW-WORLD MONKEYS; MACACA-MULATTA; FETAL BABOONS; LACTATION; CARE; INFANTS; BRAIN; PREGNANCY AB Squirrel monkeys (genus Saimiri) give birth to relatively large neonates with large, fast-growing brains. Maternal energy expenditure during gestation and infant development is argued to be high, but may be offset by the provisioning of offspring by females other than the mother (allonursing). Milk composition is an important component of maternal energy expenditure, but has been examined in only a small number of primate species. Here, we report on the milk composition from laboratory-housed Bolivian squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis boliuiensis) dams (n = 6) and allomothers (n = 2). Milk samples (n = 16) representing mid-lactation were assayed for fat, sugar, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and fatty acids. Gross energy (GE) was calculated from these constituents (excepting fatty acids). The goals of this project were: (1) to provide descriptive data on milk composition of squirrel monkeys, including the range of intraspecific variation; (2) to determine if milk produced by allomothers differs from milk from dams; and (3) to compare squirrel monkey milk to that of other small New World monkeys, the callitrichines. Squirrel monkey samples averaged 4.56% fat, 3.59% CP, 6.98% sugar, 16.59% DM, and 0.91 kcal/g. The proportion of the medium chain fatty acids 8:0 and 10:0 was 40 times greater than that reported for human milk samples, and 18:1 and 18:2n-6 comprise more than 60% of total fatty acids. Milk from allomothers was lower than dams in fat, DM, and GE, which may relate to variation in maternal condition between these two groups. Excluding allomothers, milk from squirrel monkeys was higher in mean GE than captive common marmosets, but did not differ in the proportion of energy from fat, CP, and sugar relative to total GE. The consistency in energy from protein between species suggests this may be a shared-derived trait of New World monkeys. C1 [Milligan, Lauren A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gibson, Susan V.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Comparat Med, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Williams, Lawrence E.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Michale E Keeling Ctr Comparat Med & Res, Bastrop, TX USA. [Power, Michael L.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Power, Michael L.] Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Res Dept, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Milligan, LA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, 1009 E South Campus Dr,Bldg 30A, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM milligan@email.arizona.edu RI Williams, Lawrence/A-5349-2010 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P40 RR01254, P40 RR001254] NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 70 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1002/ajp.20453 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 246BO UT WOS:000251982700006 PM 17538959 ER PT J AU Power, ML Verona, C Ruiz-Miranda, CE Oftedal, OT AF Power, Michael L. Eduardo Verona, Carlos Ruiz-Miranda, Carlos Oftedal, Olav T. TI The composition of milk from free-living common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in Brazil SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lactation; protein; Callitrichinae ID LACTATION AB Common marmosets, one of the smallest anthropoid primates, have a relatively high reproductive rate, capable of producing twins or triplets twice per year. Growth and development of infants is relatively rapid, and lactation is relatively short at less than 3 months. Although mean values for the proximate composition (dry matter, protein, fat and sugar) of captive common marmoset milks fall within anthropoid norms, composition is highly variable among individual samples, with concentrations of milk fat ranging from below 1 to over 10%. To examine the extent to which this variation might be a consequence of captive conditions, we collected milk samples from wild common marmosets freely living on a farm in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The proximate composition of the milk samples was assayed using identical techniques as used for the captive marmoset milks. The composition of the milk of wild common marmosets was also variable, but tended to be lower in dry matter, fat, protein and gross energy, and higher in sugar than milks from captive animals. Interestingly, the percentage of estimated gross energy from the protein fraction of the milks was relatively constant in both wild and captive marmosets and did not differ between wild and captive animals: 1 kcal of common marmoset milk contains on average (+/- SEM) 0.035 +/- .001 g of protein regardless of the gross energy content of the milk or whether the milk was from a wild or captive animal. In contrast, in 1 kcal of low-energy milks, the amount of sugar was significantly higher and the amount of fat significantly lower than in 1 kcal of high-energy milks. Thus, common marmoset milk exhibits axes of variability (especially fat concentration) as well as a significant stability in the relative amount of protein. C1 [Power, Michael L.; Oftedal, Olav T.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Eduardo Verona, Carlos; Ruiz-Miranda, Carlos] UENF, Lab Ciencias Ambientais, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Brazil. RP Power, ML (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM powerm@si.edu RI Ruiz-Miranda, Carlos/A-4719-2008; Ruiz-Miranda, Carlos/H-7308-2015; Ruiz, Carlos/I-4446-2016 OI Ruiz-Miranda, Carlos/0000-0001-9786-5315; Ruiz-Miranda, Carlos/0000-0001-7360-0304; FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR002022] NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 70 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1002/ajp.20459 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 246BO UT WOS:000251982700011 PM 17620291 ER PT J AU Parmakelis, A Russello, MA Caccone, A Marcondes, CB Costa, J Forattini, OP Sallum, MAM Wilkerson, RC Powell, JR AF Parmakelis, Aristeidis Russello, Michael A. Caccone, Adalgisa Marcondes, Carlos Brisola Costa, Jane Forattini, Oswaldo P. Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb Wilkerson, Richard C. Powell, Jeffrey R. TI Short report: Historical analysis of a near disaster: Anopheles gambiae in Brazil SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; COMPLEX AB Attributed to human-mediated dispersal, a species of the Anopheles gambiae complex invaded northeastern Brazil in 1930. This event is considered unique among the intercontinental introductions of disease vectors and the most serious one: "Few threats to the future health of the Americas have equalled that inherent in the invasion of Brazil, in 1930, by Anopheles gambiae." Because it was only in the 1960s that An. gambiae was recognized as a species complex now including seven species, the precise species identity of the Brazilian invader remains a mystery. Here we used historical DNA analysis of museum specimens, collected at the time of invasion from Brazil, and aimed at the identification of the Brazilian invader. Our results identify the arid-adapted Anopheles arabiensis as being the actual invading species. Establishing the identity of the species, in addition to being of intrinsic historical interest, can inform future threats of this sort especially in a changing environment. Furthermore, these results highlight the potential danger of human-mediated range expansions of insect disease vectors and the importance of museum collections in retrieving historical information. C1 [Parmakelis, Aristeidis; Russello, Michael A.; Caccone, Adalgisa; Powell, Jeffrey R.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Marcondes, Carlos Brisola] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Ctr Biol Sci, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Costa, Jane] Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Lab Biodiversidade Entomol, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Forattini, Oswaldo P.; Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Epidemiol, BR-01255 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Wilkerson, Richard C.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Entomol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Wilkerson, Richard C.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Parmakelis, A (reprint author), 21 Sachem St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM parmakel@nhmc.uoc.gr; michael.russello@ubc.ca; adalgisa.caccone@yale.edu; cbrisola@mbox1.ufsc.br; jcosta@ioc.fiocruz.br; opforati@usp.br; masallum@usp.br; wilkersonr@si.edu; jeffrey.powell@yale.edu RI Sallum, Maria/B-8537-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 046018] NR 8 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 BP 176 EP 178 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 250JT UT WOS:000252296700030 PM 18187802 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Branstrator, JW AF Woodman, Neal Branstrator, Jon W. TI The Overmyer Mastodon (Mammut americanum) from Fulton county, Indiana SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION; NORTH-AMERICAN; LAKE-MICHIGAN; SOUTHERN END; HISTORY; PROGRAM; SITE; AGE AB In June 1978 the partial skeleton of an American mastodon, Mammut americanum, was salvaged from a drainage ditch in Fulton County, north-central Indiana. The remains were recovered mostly from ca. 170-260 cm below the current land surface in marl overlain by peat and peaty marl. The stratigraphy of the site indicates that the remains were deposited in a small, open-water pond that subsequently filled. The skeleton, which is 41-48% complete, is that of a mature female, ca. 30-34 y old at death based on dental eruption and wear. Postcranial bone measurements indicate that this individual was relatively large for a female. Radiocarbon dating of wood from under the pelvis of the mastodon provided a maximum date of 12,575 +/- 260 C-14 y BP [15,550-13,850 cal y BP] for the animal, which is up to 2575 C-14 y before the species is believed to have become extinct. Pollen samples from the site corroborate the interpretation that the regional climate was cooler and more humid than at present and supported a mixed spruce-deciduous parkland assemblage. The relatively small size of the molars of this and other mastodons from Indiana supports the hypothesis that late-glacial mastodons-just prior to their extinction-were smaller in size relative to earlier, full-glacial conspecifics. The relationship between molar size and body size is not clear, however, and there may be geographical factors as well as a temporal influence to size variation in these animals. C1 [Woodman, Neal] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Paluxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Branstrator, Jon W.] Earlham Coll, Dept Geosci, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USGS Paluxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC-111, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodmann@si.edu; jonb@earlham.edu NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 159 IS 1 BP 125 EP 146 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[125:TOMMAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257FF UT WOS:000252783900012 ER PT J AU Lambert, JB Santiago-Blay, JA Anderson, KB AF Lambert, Joseph B. Santiago-Blay, Jorge A. Anderson, Ken B. TI Chemical Signatures of Fossilized Resins and Recent Plant Exudates SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE amber; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; NMR spectroscopy; resins ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY DIFFRACTION; NATURAL RESINS; AMBER; DITERPENOIDS; GEOSPHERE; FATE; CLASSIFICATION; DOMINICAN; NMR C1 [Lambert, Joseph B.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Santiago-Blay, Jorge A.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Anderson, Ken B.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Lambert, JB (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM jlambert@northwestern.edu; blayj@si.edu; kanderson@geo.siu.edu NR 46 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2008 VL 47 IS 50 BP 9608 EP 9616 DI 10.1002/anie.200705973 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 384EP UT WOS:000261727400006 PM 18925589 ER PT J AU Suda-King, C AF Suda-King, Chikako TI Do orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) know when they do not remember? SO ANIMAL COGNITION LA English DT Article DE metacognition; orangutans; escape response ID CHIMPANZEES PAN-TROGLODYTES; MONKEYS MACACA-MULATTA; RHESUS-MONKEYS; UNCERTAIN RESPONSE; PERSPECTIVE-TAKING; OBJECT PERMANENCE; HUMANS; MEMORY; METACOGNITION; GRATIFICATION AB Metacognition refers to the ability to monitor and control one's own cognitive activities such as memory. Although recent studies have raised an interesting possibility that some species of nonhuman animals might possess such skills, subjects often required a numerous number of training trials to acquire the effective use of metacognitive responses. Here, five orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) were tested whether they were able to escape spatial memory tests when they did not remember the location of preferred reward in a relatively small number of trials. The apes were presented with two identical cups, under one of which the experimenter hid a preferred reward (e.g., two grapes). The subjects were then presented with a third container, "escape response", with which they could receive a less preferred but secure reward (e.g., one grape). The orangutans as a group significantly more likely selected the escape response when the baiting of the preferred reward was invisible (as compared to when it was visible) and when the hiding locations of the preferred reward were switched (as compared to when they remained unchanged). Even when the escape response was presented before the final presentation of the memory test, one orangutan successfully avoided the test in which she would likely err. These findings indicate that some orangutans appear to tell when they do not remember correct answers in memory tests. C1 Think Tank, Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Anim Programs Off, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Suda-King, C (reprint author), Think Tank, Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Anim Programs Off, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM chimpkako@hotmail.com NR 37 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 22 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1435-9448 J9 ANIM COGN JI Anim. Cogn. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 11 IS 1 BP 21 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s10071-007-0082-7 PG 22 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 248WC UT WOS:000252186900003 PM 17437141 ER PT J AU Swietojanska, J Windsor, DM AF Swietojanska, Jolanta Windsor, Donald M. TI IMMATURE STAGES OF ASTERIZA FLAVICORNIS (OLIVIER) AND PHYSONOTA ALUTACEA BOHEMAN (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: CASSIDINAE) SO ANNALES ZOOLOGICI LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Cassidinae; Physonotini; Asterizini; Physonota alutacea; Asteriza flavicornis; morphology of immatures; Neotropics ID INSTAR LARVA; 1ST AB The first instar larva of Physonota alutacea Boheman, 1854,a member of the tribe Physonotini Spaeth, 1942, and the mature larva and pupa of Asteriza flavicornis (Olivier. 1790), a member of the tribe Asterizini Hincks, 19::32, are described for the first time. The mature lava and the pupa of Physonota alutacea, are redescribed. Immatures are figured and described using light microscopy, the first instar larva of Physonota alutacea using scanning electron microscopy. Similarities in the larval morphologies of Cistudinella Champion, 1894, a member of the tribe Ischyrosonychini, Chapuis, 1875, and Physonota suggest both genera are close phylogenetically and should be placed in a single tribe. The additional similarities between the mature larva of Asteriza and those of Physonota and Cistudinella suggest all three genera should be placed within a single tribe. C1 [Swietojanska, Jolanta] Univ Wroclaw, Inst Zool, PL-51148 Wroclaw, Poland. [Windsor, Donald M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Swietojanska, J (reprint author), Univ Wroclaw, Inst Zool, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, PL-51148 Wroclaw, Poland. EM siudiola@biol.uni.wroc.pl; windsord@si.edu FU University of Wroclaw [1018/DS/IZ/08] FX We thank E. Riley (Department of Entomology, Texas ARM University) for kindly supplying the immature specimens of Asteriza.; Dr Jolanta Swietojanska would like to thank the University of Wroclaw for financial assistance (project No. 1018/DS/IZ/08). NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY PAS-POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA WILCZA STREET 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0003-4541 J9 ANN ZOOL JI Ann. Zool. PY 2008 VL 58 IS 3 BP 641 EP 665 DI 10.3161/000345408X364472 PG 25 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 364WV UT WOS:000260367200016 ER PT J AU Schuh, RT Weirauch, C Henry, TJ Halbert, SE AF Schuh, Randall T. Weirauch, Christiane Henry, Thomas J. Halbert, Susan E. TI Curaliidae, a new family of Heteroptera (Insecta : Hemiptera) from the Eastern United States SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Cimicomorpha; Curalium; new genus; phylogenetics ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; DATA SETS; CLASSIFICATION; CONGRUENCE AB Curalium cronini, new genus and new species is described on the basis of 16 male specimens from the southeastern United States. The relationships of Curalium are discussed within the context of a phylogenetic analysis for the Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha. Curalium is placed within the Cimicomorpha, primarily on the basis of pretarsal structure, with the ventral arolium being absent and the dorsal arolium existing in the form of a peg-like dorsomedian sensillum. It is further placed in a clade with joppeicidae and Velocipedidae as the sistergroup, of the remaining members of the Cimiciformes, a lineage containing all predatory family-group taxa in the Cimicomorpha other than the Reduvioidea. Curalium uniquely possesses several autapomorphic features, including a collar-like pronotum, novel male genitalia, and enlarged proctiger; other characters which-in combination contribute to its diagnosis include hemispherical eyes, reduced forewing venation, fusiform antennal segments III and IV, and two-segmented tarsi. Because its placement in any existing family would render the diagnosis of that family meaningless, this novel taxon is placed in the Curaliidae, new family. Color images of whole specimens and extensive line drawings and scanning electron micrographs of morphological details are provided. C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Schuh, Randall T.; Weirauch, Christiane] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Weirauch, Christiane] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Halbert, Susan E.] Florida State Collect Arthropods, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM christiane.weirauch@ucr.edu; thenry@sel.bare.usda.gov NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[20:CANFOH]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 253HT UT WOS:000252510000004 ER PT J AU Iannuzzi, R Labandeira, CC AF Iannuzzi, R. Labandeira, C. C. TI The oldest record of external foliage feeding and the expansion of insect folivory on land SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Review DE Australia; pteridosperm; Early Carboniferous; time lag; orthopteroid ID NORTH-AMERICA; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FOSSIL EVIDENCE; WEST TEXAS; NEW-YORK; PLANT; EVOLUTION; LEAVES; USA; ARTHROPODS AB We describe three specimens from a Late Mississippian (earliest Serpukbovian) pteridosperm (seed fern) Triphyllopteris austrina (Etheridge Jr.) Morris, of probable lyginopterid affinities, which originates from the Sugar Loaf Creek locality of the Sydney Basin, Australia. These specimens provide six examples of folivory assigned to the ichnotaxon Phagophytichnus ekowskii van Amerom 1966. This damage is the earliest example of folivory in the terrestrial fossil record and probably was produced by a "protorthopteroid" or other basal orthopteroid insect, although a more remote possibility is that the culprit was a diplopod. Three important consequences result from this discovery. First, leaves originated 76 million years (m.y.) before the first indication of their folivory. Second, a temporal lag of 6 m.y. is present between the occurrence of T austrina folivory and the subsequent earliest appearance of herbivorous insect clades in the body-fossil record that could have caused the damage. Third, once the hurdle of folivory was breached, the overwhelming preference of Paleozoic insect folivores was on a taxonomically diverse, paraphyletic spectrum of pteridosperm hosts. C1 [Labandeira, C. C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20213 USA. [Labandeira, C. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Iannuzzi, R.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Geociencias, Dept Paleontol & Estratigrafia, BR-91509900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Labandeira, CC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20213 USA. EM labandec@si.edu RI Iannuzzi, Roberto/G-3641-2012 NR 143 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 79 EP 94 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[79:TOROEF]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 253HT UT WOS:000252510000010 ER PT J AU Dimichele, WA Gastaldo, RA AF Dimichele, William A. Gastaldo, Robert A. TI Plant paleoecology in deep time SO ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN LA English DT Review DE environmental biology; paleobotany; paleoecology; taphonomy ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; LEAF MARGIN ANALYSIS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; PENNSYLVANIAN DUQUESNE COAL; GRASS-DOMINATED ECOSYSTEMS; PERMIAN MASS EXTINCTION; MIOCENE-SHANWANG FLORA; TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS; LATE PALEOZOIC FLORAS; LIVING FOSSIL GINKGO AB The palcoecology of plants as a modern discipline, distinct from traditional floristics or biostratigraphy, has undergone all enormous expansion in the past 20 years. In addition to baseline studies characterizing extinct plants and plant assemblages in terms of their growth habits, environmental preferences, and patterns of association, paleoecology has converged on neoecology and represents a means to extend our basic understanding of the world and to contribute to the theoretical framework of ecology, writ large. Reconstruction of whole plants, including studies of physiology and developmental biology, and analyses of biomechanics have become mainstays of autecological studies. Assemblage studies now are informed by sophisticated taphonomic models that have helped guide sampling strategies and helped with the interpretation of statistical data. Linkages of assemblage patterns in space and time with sedimentology, geochemical proxies for atmospheric composition and climate, paleosol analyses and increasingly refined geochronological and sequence stratigrapbic data have permitted paleoecologists to examine rates and extents of vegetational response to environmental change and to time intervals of quiescent climatic conditions. Studies of plant-animal interaction, explicit consideration of phylogenetic information in assessing assemblage time-space dynamics, and examination of ecological structure in terms of developing metabolic scaling theory are all having direct impact on paleoecological as well as neoecological studies. The growth of paleoecology shows no sign of diminishment-closer linkages with neoecology are needed. C1 [Dimichele, William A.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gastaldo, Robert A.] Colby Coll, Dept Geol, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. RP Dimichele, WA (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM dimichel@si.edu; ragastal@colby.edu RI DiMichele, William/K-4301-2012 NR 627 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 33 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 0026-6493 J9 ANN MO BOT GARD JI Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. PY 2008 VL 95 IS 1 BP 144 EP 198 DI 10.3417/2007016 PG 55 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 289PB UT WOS:000255065300010 ER PT J AU Parenti, LR AF Parenti, Lynne R. TI Life history patterns and biogeography: An interpretation of diadromy in fishes SO ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Systematics Symposium of the Missouri-Botanical-Garden CY OCT 07-09, 2005 CL St Louis, MO DE antitropical distributions; biogeography; diadromy; eels; fishes; global biogeographic regions; life history; migration ID FRESH-WATER EELS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; SPECIES RICHNESS; SICYDIINE-GOBIES; GENUS ANGUILLA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INDO-PACIFIC; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION; TELEOSTEI AB Diadromy. broadly defined here as the regular movement between freshwater and marine habitats at some time during their lives. characterizes numerous fish and invertebrate taxa. Explanations for the evolution of diadromy have focused on ecological requirements of individual taxa, rarely reflecting a comparative, phylogenetic component. When incorporated into phylogenetic studies, center of origin hypotheses have been used to infer dispersal routes. The occurrence and distribution of diadromy throughout fish (aquatic non-tetrapod vertebrate) phylogeny are used here to interpret the evolution of this life history pattern and demonstrate the relationship between life history and ecology in cladistic biogeography. Cladistic biogeography has been mischaraeterized as rejecting ecology. On the contrary, cladistic biogeography has been explicit in interpreting ecology or life history patterns within the broader framework of phylogenetic patterns. Today, in inferred ancient life history patterns, Such as diadromy, we see remnants of previously broader distribution patterns, such as antitropicality or bipolarity. that spanned both marine and freshwater habitats. Biogeographic regions that span ocean basins and incorporate ocean margins better explain the relationship among diadromy, its evolution, and its distribution than do biogeographic regions centered on continents. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Parenti, LR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, POB 37012,Room WG-12,MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM parentil@si.edu NR 134 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 0026-6493 EI 2162-4372 J9 ANN MO BOT GARD JI Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. PY 2008 VL 95 IS 2 BP 232 EP 247 DI 10.3417/2006051 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 316JA UT WOS:000256944400003 ER PT S AU Dalgarno, A AF Dalgarno, Alexander TI A serendipitous journey - Alexander Dalgarno SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics LA English DT Biographical-Item; Book Chapter C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dalgarno, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4146 BN 978-0-8243-0946-6 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2008 VL 46 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145216 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 350WH UT WOS:000259383800002 ER PT J AU Lessios, HA AF Lessios, H. A. TI The Great American Schism: Divergence of Marine Organisms After the Rise of the Central American Isthmus SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS SE Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE adaptation; molecular clock; molecular substitution rate; Panama; productivity ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE GLACIATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA EVOLUTION; NEOTROPICAL SEA-URCHINS; SHRIMP GENUS ALPHEUS; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; MOLECULAR CLOCK; PANAMA SEAWAY; 2 SIDES; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION AB After a 12-million-year (My) process, the Central American Isthmus was completed 2.8 My ago. Its emergence affected current flow, salinity, temperature, and primary productivity of the Pacific and the Atlantic and launched marine organisms of the two oceans into independent evolutionary trajectories. Those that did not go extinct have diverged. As no vicariant event is better dated than the isthmus, molecular divergence between species pairs oil its two coasts is of interest. A total of 38 regions of DNA have been sequenced in 9 clades of echinoids, 38 of crustaceans, 42 of fishes, and 26 of molluscs with amphi-isthmian subclades. Of these, 34 are likely to hive been separated at the final stages of Isthmus completion, 73 split earlier and 8 maintained post-closure genetic contact. Reproductive isolation has developed between several isolates, but is complete in only the sea urchin Diadema. Adaptive divergence can he seen in life history parameters. Lower primary productivity in the Caribbean has led to the evolution of higher levels of maternal provisioning in marine invertebrates. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Lessios, HA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM LessiosH@post.harvard.edu NR 115 TC 224 Z9 229 U1 9 U2 75 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-592X EI 1545-2069 J9 ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. PY 2008 VL 39 BP 63 EP 91 DI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095815 PG 29 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 384DW UT WOS:000261725500004 ER PT J AU Herre, EA Jander, KC Machado, CA AF Herre, Edward Allen Jander, K. Charlotte Machado, Carlos Alberto TI Evolutionary Ecology of Figs and Their Associates: Recent Progress and Outstanding Puzzles SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS SE Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE breeding systems; coevolution; frugivory; mutualism; parasitism; pollination; sex allocation; tradeoffs ID FIG/FIG-WASP MUTUALISM; TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS; POLLINATING WASPS; DIOECIOUS FICUS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; HOST-SPECIFICITY; MONOECIOUS FIGS; FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS AB Over the past decade a proliferation of research has enriched and dramatically altered our understanding of the biology of figs, their pollinator wisps, and the myriad of other organisms that depend oil them. Ecologically, this work Underscores the crucial role that fig fruits play in sustaining and shaping tropical frugivore communities. More generally, this work addresses several key issues in evolutionary ecology, including evolution of breeding systems (shifts between monoecy and dioecy), factors that promote the stability of mutualisms, precision of adaptation, and trajectories of community assembly and coevolution in systems with multiple interacting partners. Moreover, both the pollinating and nonpollinating wasps associated with figs provide unparalleled opportunities for examining how different population structures call differentially affect sex allocation, kill selection, the evolution of parasite virulence, and many fundamental parameters of population genetics (e.g., levels of genetic variation and rates of silent and nonsilent base Substitutions). C1 [Herre, Edward Allen; Jander, K. Charlotte] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Jander, K. Charlotte] Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Machado, Carlos Alberto] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Herre, EA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM HERREA@si.edu RI Machado, Carlos/B-8855-2009 OI Machado, Carlos/0000-0003-1546-7415 NR 129 TC 138 Z9 149 U1 9 U2 89 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-592X EI 1545-2069 J9 ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. PY 2008 VL 39 BP 439 EP 458 DI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110232 PG 20 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 384DW UT WOS:000261725500021 ER PT S AU Niven, JE Graham, CM Burrows, M AF Niven, Jeremy E. Graham, Christopher M. Burrows, Malcolm TI Diversity and evolution of the insect ventral nerve cord SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY SE Annual Review of Entomology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE ganglion; central nervous system; phylogeny; energetic costs; modularity; convergence ID NONSPIKING LOCAL INTERNEURONS; PERIPLANETA AMERICANA L; MOTH MANDUCA-SEXTA; THORACIC GANGLIA; COMPONENT PLACEMENT; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; WIRING OPTIMIZATION; NEURAL INFORMATION; CARAUSIUS-MOROSUS; NEURONAL CIRCUITS AB Is the remarkable diversity in the behavior of insects reflected in the organization of their nervous systems? The ventral nerve cords (VNCs) have been described from over 300 insect species covering all the major orders. Interpreting these data in the context of phylogenetic relationships reveals remarkable diversity. The presumed ancestral VNC structure is rarely observed; instead the VNCs of most insects show extensive modification and substantial convergence. Modifications include shifts in neuromere positions, their fusion to form composite ganglia, and, potentially, their separation to revert to individual ganglia. These changes appear to be facilitated by the developmental and functional modularity of the VNC, a neuromere for each body segment. The differences in VNC structure emphasize trade-offs between behavioral requirements and the costs incurred while maintaining the nervous system and signaling between its various parts. The diversity in structure also shows that nervous systems may undergo dramatic morphological changes during evolution. C1 [Niven, Jeremy E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Niven, Jeremy E.; Graham, Christopher M.; Burrows, Malcolm] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. RP Niven, JE (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. EM nivenj@si.edu RI Niven, Jeremy/A-5883-2011 FU Wellcome Trust NR 141 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 BN 978-0-8243-0153-8 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2008 VL 53 BP 253 EP 271 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091322 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 255UY UT WOS:000252684300015 PM 17803455 ER PT J AU Tierney, SM Smith, JA Chenoweth, L Schwarz, MP AF Tierney, Simon M. Smith, Jaclyn A. Chenoweth, Luke Schwarz, Michael P. TI Phylogenetics of allodapine bees: a review of social evolution, parasitism and biogeography SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE social evolution; phylogenetics; alloparental care; brood provisioning; allodapine bees ID BIASED SEX ALLOCATION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; KERGUELEN PLATEAU; INDIAN-OCEAN; BROKEN RIDGE; FRESH-WATER; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; MALAGASY AB It has been assumed that allodapine bees represent early stages in the evolution of social behaviour. Early studies suggested that sociality evolved from solitary forms, and that the solitary to social transition coincided with a transition from mass to progressive provisioning of brood. Recent studies challenge both of these assumptions, they suggest that: (i) Macrogalea replaces Halterapis + Compsomelissa as the sister group to all other genera; (ii) sociality is plesiomorphic for the tribe; and based on extended Halterapis research, (iii) there are no strictly solitary allodapine species and, therefore, no reversals to solitary living. Penalised likelihood dating of Bayesian inferred phylograms show allodapine lineages have an origin older than 40 Mya. The early origin of sociality in this tribe may explain the diverse array of social organization (and social parasitism) found in species across a range of clades, and the age of the group raises curious biogeographic scenarios. C1 [Tierney, Simon M.; Smith, Jaclyn A.; Chenoweth, Luke; Schwarz, Michael P.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Tierney, Simon M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Tierney, SM (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM tierneys@si.edu RI Tierney, Simon/H-2410-2015 OI Tierney, Simon/0000-0002-8812-6753 NR 84 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 EI 1297-9678 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1051/apido:2007045 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 286DQ UT WOS:000254826400002 ER PT J AU Kawakita, A Ascher, JS Sota, T Kato, M Roubik, DW AF Kawakita, Atsushi Ascher, John S. Sota, Teiji Kato, Makoto Roubik, David W. TI Phylogenetic analysis of the corbiculate bee tribes based on 12 nuclear protein-coding genes (Hymenoptera : Apoidea : Apidae) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE advanced eusociality; bumble bee; corbiculate bee; honey bee; nuclear genes; orchid bee; phylogeny; stingless bee ID MAJOR OPSIN; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTION; APINAE; UTILITY; EUSOCIALITY; MORPHOLOGY; INSIGHTS; ORIGINS; DNA AB The corbiculate bees comprise four tribes, the advanced eusocial Apini and Meliponini, the primitively eusocial Bombini, and the solitary or communal Euglossini. Recovering a robust phylogeny for the four tribes is of considerable importance for understanding the evolution of eusociality, yet previous morphological and molecular studies reached strikingly different conclusions. We study an expanded data set consisting of 12 nuclear genes to explore lines of support for the molecular hypothesis. Results corroborate previous molecular studies; support increases as more genes are added. Across genes, support for the molecular hypothesis is positively correlated with the number of informative sites and the relative substitution rate. Phylogenetic signals supporting the molecular tree rest almost entirely upon synonymous changes at the first and third codon positions. We discuss possible future approaches for resolving the frustratingly persistent corbiculate bee controversy. C1 [Kawakita, Atsushi; Kato, Makoto] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Human & Environm Sci, Kyoto, Japan. [Ascher, John S.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Sota, Teiji] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Zool, Kyoto, Japan. [Roubik, David W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Kawakita, A (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Human & Environm Sci, Kyoto, Japan. EM kawakita@s01.mbox.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Ascher, John/D-1554-2014 NR 52 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 13 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 163 EP U118 DI 10.1051/apido:2007046 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 286DQ UT WOS:000254826400012 ER PT J AU Ashton, GV Riedlecker, EI Ruiz, GM AF Ashton, Gail V. Riedlecker, Eva I. Ruiz, Gregory M. TI First non-native crustacean established in coastal waters of Alaska SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Caprella mutica; Distribution; Introduction; Invasion ID CAPRELLA-MUTICA; AMPHIPOD AB Relatively few non-native species are known from coastal ecosystems at high latitudes to date. We examined the fouling community in Alaska for the presence of the marine amphipod Caprella mutica, which is native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean and has invaded many different global regions. Between 2000 and 2007, fouling panels were deployed in 6 sheltered, shallow bays in Alaska. C. mutica were detected on panels at 4 of these bays, ranging from southeastern Alaska (Ketchikan) to the Aleutian Islands (Dutch Harbor), and have been present in Alaska for at least 6 yr. This appears to be the first reported occurrence of a non-native marine species in the Aleutians and also the first confirmation that a non-native crustacean has established self-sustaining populations in Alaska. These data contribute to growing evidence that coastlines in Alaska are susceptible to biological invasions. C1 [Ashton, Gail V.; Riedlecker, Eva I.; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Riedlecker, Eva I.] Univ Vienna, Dept Theoret Biol & Morphol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Ashton, GV (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM ashtong@si.edu OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X FU Prince William Sound Regional Citizens' Advisory Council; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; Smithsonian Institute FX Thanks to the staff employed at SERC, who were involved with sample collection between 2000 and 2003; R. Brewer, V. Wang, and C. Zabin for sample collection in 2007; and the staff at the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve, for their assistance in 2007. Funding for this project was received from Prince William Sound Regional Citizens' Advisory Council, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Smithsonian Institute. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2008 VL 3 IS 2 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.3354/ab00070 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 362XZ UT WOS:000260231800004 ER PT B AU Horowitz, A AF Horowitz, Amy BE KirshenblattGimblett, B Karp, J TI Re-Routing Roots: Zehava Ben's Journey between Shuk and Suk SO ART OF BEING JEWISH IN MODERN TIMES SE Jewish Culture and Contexts LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Horowitz, Amy] Univ Penn, Ctr Adv Juda Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Horowitz, Amy] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Horowitz, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Mershon Ctr Int Secur Studies, Int Studies Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PENNSYLVANIA PRESS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3905 SPRUCE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA BN 978-0-8122-4002-3 J9 JEW CULT CONTEXT PY 2008 BP 128 EP + PG 19 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary; Ethnic Studies; Religion SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics; Ethnic Studies; Religion GA BLI71 UT WOS:000270250200008 ER PT B AU Zografou, P Van Stone, D Harbo, P Tibbetts, M AF Zografou, P. Van Stone, D. Harbo, P. Tibbetts, M. BE Argyle, RW Bunclark, PS Lewis, JR TI A User Interface to the Chandra Source Catalog SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVII SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 23-26, 2007 CL Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit, London, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit AB This paper outlines the design of a User Interface to the Chandra Source Catalog. The components of the interface as well as the data organization to optimize their access through the interface are presented. C1 [Zografou, P.; Van Stone, D.; Harbo, P.; Tibbetts, M.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zografou, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-658-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 394 BP 365 EP 368 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BIG77 UT WOS:000259393100073 ER PT B AU Morgan, DL Anderson, CS Nichols, JS Mitschang, AW Mendygral, PJ AF Morgan, Douglas L. Anderson, Craig S. Nichols, Joy S. Mitschang, Arik W. Mendygral, Peter J. BE Argyle, RW Bunclark, PS Lewis, JR TI Chandra data processing relational database applications: Metrics to on-the-fly data restoration SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVII SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 23-26, 2007 CL Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit, London, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit AB The MySQL based relational database used by the Chandra data operations software application Telemetry Tracker 9000 (TT9) has proven to have many useful applications beyond its initial purpose aiding data quality testing of Chandra data. We have developed a multi-tab Perl/Tk GUI application with embedded MySQL functioning as a front end and this user interface with the addition of new database tables and TT9 modules provides visibility into all aspects of data operations including processing, reprocessing, realtime data flow, and metrics. The database is easily extensible and has been used to respond to the changing needs of the Chandra mission while at the same time providing a history of Chandra data operations from the beginning of the mission. The types of data stored in the database, the software design of the operational GUI, and examples of current and potential future uses of the database will be presented. C1 [Morgan, Douglas L.; Anderson, Craig S.; Nichols, Joy S.; Mitschang, Arik W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 01238 USA. [Mendygral, Peter J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Morgan, DL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 01238 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-658-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 394 BP 410 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BIG77 UT WOS:000259393100084 ER PT B AU Evans, IN Evans, JD Glotfelty, KJ Hall, DM Plummer, D Zografou, P AF Evans, Ian N. Evans, Janet D. Glotfelty, Kenny J. Hall, Diane M. Plummer, David Zografou, Panagoula BE Argyle, RW Bunclark, PS Lewis, JR TI Chandra Source Catalog quality assurance SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVII SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 23-26, 2007 CL Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit, London, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit AB The Chandra Source Catalog will be the definitive catalog of all Xray sources detected by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Automated detection of data processing anomalies and assurance of data product quality is essential because of the large data volume that will be generated over a period of a few months during each catalog production run. Quality assurance analysis is performed at the completion of each stage in catalog pipeline processing, so that any issues can be identified and corrected before they can affect downstream processing. Pipeline processing errors are detected automatically, and automated comparison of key diagnostic outputs with predefined validity criteria identifies potential data quality issues. The most common data quality issues are resolved without any human intervention. Cases where interactive review may be required are identified, assessed, and bundled together for efficient analysis and repair via a web-based graphical user interface. C1 [Evans, Ian N.; Evans, Janet D.; Glotfelty, Kenny J.; Hall, Diane M.; Plummer, David; Zografou, Panagoula] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Evans, IN (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS-81, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-658-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 394 BP 414 EP 417 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BIG77 UT WOS:000259393100085 ER PT B AU Hain, R Evans, I Evans, J Glotfelty, K AF Hain, Roger Evans, Ian Evans, Janet Glotfelty, Kenny BE Argyle, RW Bunclark, PS Lewis, JR TI The Chandra Level 3 Master Source Pipeline: Automated source correlation from heterogeneous observations SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVII SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 23-26, 2007 CL Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit, London, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit AB The Chandra X-ray Center's Level 3 source catalog seeks to automatically detect sources and compute their properties. Since Chandra is a pointed mission and not a sky survey, different sky regions are observed for a different number of times at varying orientations, resolutions, and other heterogeneous conditions. While this provides an opportunity to collect data from a potentially large number of observing passes, it also creates challenges in determining the best way to combine different detection results for the best characterization of the detected sources. The Chandra Level 3 Master Source Pipeline correlates data from multiple observations by updating existing cataloged source information with new data from the same sky region as they become available. We present real and simulated examples of different overlapping source detections processed in the current version of the Level :3 Master Source Pipeline. We explain how they are resolved into entries in the master source database, and examine the challenges of computing source properties for the same source detected multiple times. Future enhancements are also discussed. C1 [Hain, Roger; Evans, Ian; Evans, Janet; Glotfelty, Kenny] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hain, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rhain@cfa.harvard.edu; ievans@cfa.harvard.edu; janet@cfa.harvard.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-658-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 394 BP 555 EP 558 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BIG77 UT WOS:000259393100120 ER PT B AU Evans, JD Cresitello-Dittmar, M Doe, S Evans, IN Germain, G Glotfelty, K Overly, J AF Evans, Janet DePonte Cresitello-Dittmar, Mark Doe, Stephen Evans, Ian N. Germain, Gregg Glotfelty, Kenny Overly, James BE Argyle, RW Bunclark, PS Lewis, JR TI CIAO 4 infrastructure - Moving in a modular direction SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVII SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 23-26, 2007 CL Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit, London, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit AB The next major release of the Chandra Interactive Analysis of Observations (CIAO 4.0) software package provides us the opportunity to reassess user interfaces and modernize infrastructure. We describe the new face of CIAO, the internal restructuring, the factors that led to the changes, and our vision for further development. C1 [Evans, Janet DePonte; Cresitello-Dittmar, Mark; Doe, Stephen; Evans, Ian N.; Germain, Gregg; Glotfelty, Kenny; Overly, James] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS-81, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-658-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 394 BP 627 EP 630 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BIG77 UT WOS:000259393100137 ER PT B AU Lyn, J Burke, D Cresitello-Dittmar, M Doe, S Evans, I Evans, JD Germain, G McDowell, J Miller, J AF Lyn, Janine Burke, Douglas Cresitello-Dittmar, Mark Doe, Stephen Evans, Ian Evans, Janet DePonte Germain, Gregg McDowell, Jonathan Miller, Joseph BE Argyle, RW Bunclark, PS Lewis, JR TI The Transform Library - A high-level interface to coordinate systems SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS XVII SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 23-26, 2007 CL Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit, London, ENGLAND HO Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron Cambridge Astron Survey Unit AB The Transform Library is a new, stand-alone software package developed by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC), that provides a convenient high-level C++ interface for performing World Coordinate System transformations. The library wraps a subset of the lower-level wcslib functions to provide an easy interface to both users and developers. The Transform library is designed to be used within C++ programs and various scripting environments. Notably, it provides high-level user interfaces in Python and S-Lang for ease of use. The Transform Library consists of C++ classes and methods for performing transformations on input base arrays (table data or image axes), for accessing and manipulating required transform parameters, and for calculating the transform matrix. Transform types include pixel to world coordinate transforms and vice versa, as well as linear transforms and scaling transforms. The design allows for transform chaining, so the user is able to combine multiple transforms into more complex arrangements. The Transform Library will be integrated in the new versions of ChIPS and Sherpa that will be released in CIAO4. In addition, CIAO users will be able to use the library directly via the scripting languages. This provides the ability to easily create highly specialized applications to suit the user's particular needs. C1 [Lyn, Janine; Burke, Douglas; Cresitello-Dittmar, Mark; Doe, Stephen; Evans, Ian; Evans, Janet DePonte; Germain, Gregg; McDowell, Jonathan; Miller, Joseph] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lyn, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS 67, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-658-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 394 BP 658 EP 661 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BIG77 UT WOS:000259393100145 ER PT J AU Brown, WR Kewley, LJ Geller, MJ AF Brown, Warren R. Kewley, Lisa J. Geller, Margaret J. TI MMT extremely metal-poor galaxy survey I. An efficient technique for identifying metal-poor galaxies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : starburst; gamma rays : bursts ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES; COMPACT DWARF GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; HOST GALAXY; HYPERVELOCITY STARS; LOW-METALLICITY; HII GALAXIES; LOW-REDSHIFT; DATA RELEASE AB We demonstrate a successful strategy for identifying extremely metal-poor galaxies. Our preliminary survey of 24 candidates contains 10 metal-poor galaxies of which 4 have log(O/H)+12 < 7.65, some of the lowest-metallicity blue compact galaxies known to date. Interestingly, our sample of metal-poor galaxies have systematically lower metallicity for their luminosity than comparable samples of blue compact galaxies, dwarf irregulars, and normal star-forming galaxies. Our metal-poor galaxies share very similar properties, however, with the host galaxies of nearby long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), including similar metallicity, stellar ages, and star formation rates. We use H beta to measure the number of OB stars present in our galaxies and estimate a core-collapse supernova rate of similar to 10(-3) yr(-1). A larger sample of metal-poor galaxies may provide new clues about the environment where GRBs form and may provide a list of potential GRB hosts. C1 [Brown, Warren R.; Geller, Margaret J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kewley, Lisa J.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Brown, WR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wbrown@cfa.harvard.edu; kewley@ifa.hawaii.edu; mgeller@cfa.harvard.edu NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/92 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 251UB UT WOS:000252399600008 ER PT J AU Carney, BW Latham, DW Stefanik, RP Laird, JB AF Carney, Bruce W. Latham, David W. Stefanik, Robert P. Laird, John B. TI Line broadening in field metal-poor red giant and red horizontal branch stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; Galaxy : halo; planetary systems; stars : kinematics; stars : Population II; stars : rotation ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER STARS; PROPER-MOTION STARS; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; ORBITAL SOLUTIONS; ROTATION; ABUNDANCES; HALO; PHOTOMETRY; SEARCH AB We report 349 radial velocities for 45 metal-poor field red giant branch (RGB) and red horizontal branch (RHB) stars, with time coverage ranging from I to 21 years. We have identified one new spectroscopic binary, HD 4306, and one possible such system, HD 184711. We also provide 57 radial velocities for 11 of the 91 stars reported in our previous work. All but one of the 11 stars had been found to have variable radial velocities. New velocities for the long-period spectroscopic binaries BD-1 2582 and HD 108317 have extended the time coverage to 21.7 and 12.5 years, respectively, but in neither case have we yet completed a full orbital period. As was found in the previous study, radial velocity "jitter" is present in many of the most luminous stars. Excluding stars showing spectroscopic binary orbital motion, all 7 of the red giants with estimated M-V values more luminous than -2.0 display jitter, as well as 3 of the 14 stars with -2.0 < M-V <= -1.4. We have also measured the line broadening in all the new spectra, using synthetic spectra as templates. Comparison with results from high-resolution and higher signal-to-noise (S/N) spectra employed by other workers shows good agreement down to line-broadening levels of 3 km s(-1), well below our instrumental resolution of 8.5 km s(-1). As the previous work demonstrated, the majority of the most: luminous red giants show significant line broadening, as do many of the red horizontal branch stars, and we briefly discuss possible causes. The line broadening appears related to velocity jitter, in that both appear primarily among the highest luminosity red giants. C1 [Carney, Bruce W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Latham, David W.; Stefanik, Robert P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Laird, John B.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Carney, BW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM bruce@unc.edu; dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu; rstefanik@cfa.harvard.edu; laird@bgsu.edu NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1 BP 196 EP 208 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/196 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 251UB UT WOS:000252399600018 ER PT J AU Massarotti, A Latham, DW Stefanik, RP Fogel, J AF Massarotti, Alessandro Latham, David W. Stefanik, Robert P. Fogel, Jeffrey TI Rotational and radial velocities for a sample of 761 Hipparcos giants and the role of binarity SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : evolution; stars : rotation; binaries : spectroscopic; planetary systems; techniques : spectroscopic ID LATE-TYPE STARS; CHROMOSPHERICALLY ACTIVE STARS; LINED SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; LUMINOUS COOL PRIMARIES; NORTH-GALACTIC-POLE; EVOLVED STARS; ORBITAL ELEMENTS; RED-GIANT; SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; CATACLYSMIC BINARIES AB We present rotational and radial velocities for a sample of 761 giants selected from the Hipparcos Catalogue to lie within 100 pc of the Sun. Our original goal was to examine stellar rotation in field giants using spectroscopic line broadening to look for evidence of excess rotation that could be attributed to planets that were engulfed as the parent stars expanded. Thus we were obliged to investigate other sources of line broadening, including tidal coupling in close binaries and macroturbulence. For all the binaries in our sample with periods shorter than 20 days the orbits have been circularized, while about half the orbits with periods in the range 20-100 days still show significant eccentricity. All our primaries in orbits shorter than 30 days show line broadening consistent with synchronized rotation, while about half the primaries with periods in the range 30-120 days are synchronized. To study the dependence of rotation on stellar evolution when tidal effects are not important, we used a subsample of single stars and members in wide binaries. We found evidence to suggest that the first dredge-up may play a role in speeding up the rotation of the observable outer layers of giants and that the rotational velocity of horizontal branch stars is larger by a few km s(-1) than that of first-ascent giants with similar mass, effective temperature, and radius. Finally, we found three giants that rotate more rapidly than expected. We conjecture that they acquired their excess angular momentum by ingesting planets. C1 [Massarotti, Alessandro; Latham, David W.; Stefanik, Robert P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Massarotti, Alessandro] Stonehill Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Easton, PA USA. [Fogel, Jeffrey] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fogel, Jeffrey] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Massarotti, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM amassaro@cfa.harvard.edu; fogel@umich.edu NR 127 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1 BP 209 EP 231 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/209 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 251UB UT WOS:000252399600019 ER PT J AU Matthews, LD Uson, JM AF Matthews, Lynn D. Uson, Juan M. TI HI imaging observations of superthin galaxies. II. IC 2233 and the blue compact dwarf NGC 2537 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : individual (IC 2233, NGC 2537); galaxies : ISM; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : spiral ID EDGE-ON GALAXIES; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; LOPSIDED SPIRAL GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; GALACTIC DISKS; DARK-MATTER; IRREGULAR GALAXIES; STARBURST GALAXIES; SECULAR EVOLUTION AB We have used the Very Large Array to image the H I 21 cm line emission in the edge-on Sd galaxy IC 2233 and the blue compact dwarf NGC 2537. We also present new optical B, R, and H alpha imaging of IC 2233 obtained with the WIYN telescope. Despite evidence of localized massive star formation in the form of prominent H II regions and shells, supergiant stars, and a blue integrated color, IC 2233 is a low surface brightness system with a very low global star formation rate (less than or similar to 0.05 M-circle dot yr(-1)), and we detect no significant 21 cm radio continuum emission from the galaxy. The H I and ionized gas disks of IC 2233 are clumpy and vertically distended, with scale heights comparable to that of the young stellar disk. Both the stellar and H I disks of IC 2233 appear flared, and we also find a vertically extended, rotationally anomalous component of H I extending to similar to 2.4d(10) kpc from the midplane. The H I disk exhibits a mild lopsidedness as well as a global corrugation pattern with a period of similar to 7d(10) kpc and an amplitude of similar to 150d(10) pc. To our knowledge, this is the first time corrugations of the gas disk have been reported in an external galaxy; these undulations may be linked to bending instabilities or to underlying spiral structure and suggest that the disk is largely self-gravitating. Lying at a projected distance of 16'7 from IC 2233, NGC 2537 has an H I disk with a bright, tilted inner ring and a flocculent, dynamically cold outer region that extends to similar to 3.5 times the extent of the stellar light (D-25). Although NGC 2537 is rotationally-dominated, we measure H I velocity dispersions as high as sigma(V),H I similar to 25 km s(-1) near its center, indicative of significant turbulent motions. The inner rotation curve rises steeply, implying a strong central mass concentration. Our data indicate that IC 2233 and NGC 2537 do not constitute a bound pair and most likely lie at different distances. We also find no compelling evidence of a recent minor merger in either IC 2233 or NGC 2537, suggesting that both are examples of small disk galaxies evolving in relative isolation. C1 [Matthews, Lynn D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Uson, Juan M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Matthews, LD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lmatthew@cfa.harvard.edu; juson@nrao.edu NR 150 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1 BP 291 EP 318 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/291 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 251UB UT WOS:000252399600025 ER PT J AU Mamajek, EE AF Mamajek, E. E. TI On the distance to the Ophiuchus star-forming region SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE astrometry; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : clouds; reflection nebulae; open clusters and associations : individual (Sco OB2 Ophiuchus) ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; OB ASSOCIATION; HIPPARCOS DATA; SCORPIO-CENTAURUS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; CLUSTERS; CATALOG; SUN AB The Ophiuchus molecular cloud complex has produced in Lynds 1688 the richest known embedded cluster within similar to 300 pc of the Sun. Unfortunately, distance estimates to the Oph complex vary by nearly similar to 40% (similar to 120-165 pc). Here I calculate a new independent distance estimate of 135 +/- 8 pc to this benchmark star-forming region based on Hipparcos trigonometric parallaxes to stars illuminating reflection nebulosity in close proximity to Lynds 1688. Combining this value with recent distance estimates from reddening studies suggests a consensus distance of 139 +/- 6 pc (4% error), situating it within similar to 11 pc of the centroid of the similar to 5 Myr old Upper Sco OB subgroup of Sco OB2 (145 pc). The velocity vectors for Oph and Upper Sco are statistically indistinguishable within similar to 1 km s(-1) in each vector component. Both Oph and Upper Sco have negligible motion (<1 km s(-1)) in the Galactic vertical direction with respect to the Local Standard of Rest, which is inconsistent with the young stellar groups having formed via the high velocity cloud impact scenario. (c) 2008 WILEY NCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mamajek, EE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM emamajek@cfa.harvard.edu NR 36 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 329 IS 1 BP 10 EP 14 DI 10.1002/asna.200710827 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 262CN UT WOS:000253126700002 ER PT J AU Marinoni, C Saintonge, A Giovanelli, R Haynes, MP Masters, KL Le Fevre, O Mazure, A Taxil, P Virey, JM AF Marinoni, C. Saintonge, A. Giovanelli, R. Haynes, M. P. Masters, K. L. Le Fevre, O. Mazure, A. Taxil, P. Virey, J. -M. TI Geometrical tests of cosmological models - I. Probing dark energy using the kinematics of high redshift galaxies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; cosmology : cosmological parameters; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies :; fundamental parameters; galaxies : evolution ID VLT DEEP SURVEY; ANGULAR DIAMETER DISTANCES; STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS; RADIO-SOURCES; CLUSTER GALAXIES; POWER SPECTRUM; GALACTIC DISCS; RED-SHIFT; EVOLUTION; SIZE AB We suggest to use the observationally measured and theoretically justified correlation between size and rotational velocity of galactic discs as a viable method to select a set of high redshift standard rods which may be used to explore the dark energy content of the universe via the classical angular-diameter test. Here we explore a new strategy for an optimal implementation of this test. We propose to use the rotation speed of high redshift galaxies as a standard size indicator and show how high resolution multi-object spectroscopy and ACS/HST high quality spatial images, may be combined to measure the amplitude of the dark energy density parameter Omega(Q), or to constrain the cosmic equation of state parameter for a smooth dark energy component (omega = p/rho, - 1 = omega < -1/3). Nearly 1300 standard rods with high velocity rotation in the bin V = 200 +/- 20 km s(-1) are expected in a field of 1 sq. degree and over the redshift baseline 0 < z < 1.4. This sample is sufficient to constrain the cosmic equation of state parameter omega at a level of 20% (without priors in the [Omega(m),Omega(Q)] plane) even when the [OII]lambda 3727 angstrom linewidth-diameter relationship is calibrated with a scatter of similar to 40%. We evaluate how systematics may affect the proposed tests, and find that a linear standard rod evolution, causing galaxy dimensions to be up to 30% smaller at z = 1.5, can be uniquely diagnosed, and will minimally bias the confidence level contours in the [Omega(Q), omega] plane. Finally, we show how to derive, without a priori knowing the specific functional form of disc evolution, a cosmology-evolution diagram with which it is possible to establish a mapping between different cosmological models and the amount of galaxy disc/luminosity evolution expected at a given redshift. C1 [Marinoni, C.; Taxil, P.; Virey, J. -M.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, Unite Mixte Rech,UMR 6207, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Saintonge, A.; Giovanelli, R.; Haynes, M. P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Masters, K. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. [Le Fevre, O.; Mazure, A.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, UMR 6110, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille, France. RP Marinoni, C (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, Unite Mixte Rech,UMR 6207, Case 907, F-13288 Marseille, France. EM marinoni@cpt.univ-mrs.fr RI Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; OI Masters, Karen/0000-0003-0846-9578 NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 478 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077116 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 256FK UT WOS:000252712900010 ER PT J AU Saintonge, A Masters, KL Marinoni, C Spekkens, K Giovanelli, R Haynes, MP AF Saintonge, A. Masters, K. L. Marinoni, C. Spekkens, K. Giovanelli, R. Haynes, M. P. TI Geometrical tests of cosmological models - II. Calibration of rotational widths and disc scaling relations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : evolution; cosmology : cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations; galaxies : high-redshift ID TULLY-FISHER RELATION; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; CLUSTER GALAXIES; CURVES; KINEMATICS; DISPERSION; RESOLUTION; TEMPLATE; EMISSION; SFI++ AB This is the second in a series of three papers dedicated to a new technique to select galaxies that can act as standard rods and standard candles in order to perform geometrical tests on large samples of high redshift galaxies to constrain different cosmological parameters. The goals of this paper are (1) to compare different rotation indicators in order to understand the relation between rotation velocities extracted from observations of the H alpha lambda 6563 angstrom line and the [OII]lambda 3727 angstrom line; and (2) to determine the scaling relations between physical size, surface brightness and magnitude of disc galaxies and their rotation velocity using the SFI++, a large catalog of nearby galaxies observed at I-band. A good correlation is observed between the rotation curve-derived velocities of the H alpha and [OII] observations, as well as between those calculated from velocity histograms, justifying the direct comparison of velocities measured from Ha rotation curves in nearby galaxies and from [OII] line widths at higher redshifts. To provide calibration for the geometrical tests, we give expressions for the different scaling relations between properties of galaxies (size, surface brightness, magnitude) and their rotation speeds. We use Malmquist bias-corrected distances from the SFI++ template Tully-Fisher relation to generate a size-rotation velocity relation with unprecedentedly small scatter. We show how the best size-rotation velocity relation is derived when size is estimated not from disc scale lengths but from the isophotal diameter r(23.5), once these have been corrected for inclination and extinction effects. C1 [Saintonge, A.; Giovanelli, R.; Haynes, M. P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Saintonge, A.] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Marinoni, C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. [Marinoni, C.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Spekkens, K.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Spekkens, K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Saintonge, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM amelie@physik.uzh.ch; kmasters@cfa.harvard.edu; christian.marinoni@cpt.univ-mrs.fr; spekkens@physics.rutgers.edu; riccardo@astro.cornell.edu; haynes@astro.cornell.edu OI Masters, Karen/0000-0003-0846-9578 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 478 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077117 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 256FK UT WOS:000252712900011 ER PT J AU Marinoni, C Saintonge, A Contini, T Walcher, CJ Giovanelli, R Haynes, MP Masters, KL Ilbert, O Iovino, A Le Brun, V Le Fevre, O Mazure, A Tresse, L Virey, JM Bardelli, S Bottini, D Garilli, B Guzzo, G Maccagni, D Picat, JP Scaramella, R Scodeggio, M Taxil, P Vettolani, G Zanichelli, A Zucca, E AF Marinoni, C. Saintonge, A. Contini, T. Walcher, C. J. Giovanelli, R. Haynes, M. P. Masters, K. L. Ilbert, O. Iovino, A. Le Brun, V. Le Fevre, O. Mazure, A. Tresse, L. Virey, J. -M. Bardelli, S. Bottini, D. Garilli, B. Guzzo, G. Maccagni, D. Picat, J. P. Scaramella, R. Scodeggio, M. Taxil, P. Vettolani, G. Zanichelli, A. Zucca, E. TI Geometrical tests of cosmological models - III. The Cosmology-evolution diagram at z=1 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : cosmological parameters; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift ID HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; VLT DEEP SURVEY; DISTANT FIELD GALAXIES; TULLY-FISHER RELATION; DISK GALAXIES; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS; INTERNAL KINEMATICS; SIZE EVOLUTION; SOUTH; Z-SIMILAR-TO-4 AB The rotational velocity of distant galaxies, when interpreted as a size (luminosity) indicator, may be used as a tool to select high redshift standard rods (candles) and probe world models and galaxy evolution via the classical angular diameter-redshift or Hubble diagram tests. We implement the proposed testing strategy using a sample of 30 rotators spanning the redshift range 0.2 < z < 1 with high resolution spectra and images obtained by the VIMOS/VLT Deep Redshift Survey (VVDS) and the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODs). We show that by applying at the same time the angular diameter-redshift and Hubble diagrams to the same sample of objects (i.e. velocity selected galactic discs) one can derive a characteristic chart, the cosmology-evolution diagram, mapping the relation between global cosmological parameters and local structural parameters of discs such as size and luminosity. This chart allows to put constraints on cosmological parameters when general prior information about discs evolution is available. In particular, by assuming that equally rotating large discs cannot be less luminous at z = 1 than at present (M(z = 1) less than or similar to M(0)), we find that a flat matter dominated cosmology (Omega(m) = 1) is excluded at a confidence level of 2 sigma and an open cosmology with low mass density (Omega(m) similar to 0.3) and no dark energy contribution (Omega(Lambda)) is excluded at a confidence level greater than 1 sigma. Inversely, by assuming prior knowledge about the cosmological model, the cosmology-evolution diagram can be used to gain useful insights about the redshift evolution of baryonic discs hosted in dark matter halos of nearly equal masses. In particular, in a Lambda CDM cosmology, we find evidence for a bimodal evolution where the low-mass discs have undergone significant surface brightness evolution over the last 8.5 Gyr, while more massive systems have not. We suggest that this dichotomy can be explained by the epochs at which these two different populations last assembled. C1 [Marinoni, C.; Virey, J. -M.; Taxil, P.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Saintonge, A.; Giovanelli, R.; Haynes, M. P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Contini, T.; Picat, J. P.] Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Walcher, C. J.; Ilbert, O.; Le Brun, V.; Le Fevre, O.; Mazure, A.; Tresse, L.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, UMR CNRS 6110, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille, France. [Masters, K. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. [Iovino, A.] Osservatorio Astron Brere, INAF, I-20121 Milan, Italy. [Bardelli, S.; Zucca, E.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, Bologna, Italy. [Bottini, D.; Garilli, B.; Maccagni, D.; Scodeggio, M.] IASF INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Guzzo, G.; Scaramella, R.] Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-23807 Merate, Italy. [Vettolani, G.; Zanichelli, A.] IRA INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP Marinoni, C (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, Case 907, F-13288 Marseille, France. EM marinoni@cpt.univ-mrs.fr RI Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Zucca, Elena/O-9396-2015; Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015; OI Masters, Karen/0000-0003-0846-9578; Scodeggio, Marco/0000-0002-2282-5850; Garilli, Bianca/0000-0001-7455-8750; Zucca, Elena/0000-0002-5845-8132; Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298; Iovino, Angela/0000-0001-6958-0304; bottini, dario/0000-0001-6917-041X; Zanichelli, Alessandra/0000-0002-2893-023X; Scaramella, Roberto/0000-0003-2229-193X NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 478 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077118 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 256FK UT WOS:000252712900012 ER PT J AU Salvati, M Risaliti, G Veron, P Woltjer, L AF Salvati, M. Risaliti, G. Veron, P. Woltjer, L. TI The X-ray emission of the most luminous 3CR radio sources SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : quasars : general; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID INVERSE-COMPTON EMISSION; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; GALAXIES; QUASARS; BLAZARS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; DISTANT; NUCLEI; VIEW AB Context. Although many radio-loud quasars and galaxies have been observed in X-rays, systematic studies of well defined samples are rare. Aims. We investigate the X-ray properties of the most luminous radio sources in the 3CR catalogue, in order to assess whether they are similar to the most luminous radio-quiet quasars, for instance in the X-ray normalization with respect to the optical luminosity, or in the distribution of the absorption column density. Methods. We have selected the (optically identified) 3CR radio sources whose 178-MHz monochromatic luminosity lies in the highest factor-of-three bin. The 4 most luminous objects had already been observed in X-rays. Of the remaining 16, we observed 8 randomly chosen ones with XMM-Newton, with the only requirement that half were of type 1 and half of type 2 according to the optical identification. Results. All targets were detected. The optical-to-X-ray spectral index, alpha(ox), can be computed only for the type 1s and, in agreement with previous studies, is found to be flatter than in radio-quiet quasars of similar luminosity. However, the Compton-thin type 2s have an absorption-corrected X-ray luminosity systematically lower than the type 1s, by a factor which makes them consistent with the radio-quiet alpha(ox). Within the limited statistics, the Compton-thick objects seem to have a reflected component more luminous than the Compton-thin ones. Conclusions. The extra X-ray component observed in type 1 radio-loud quasars is beamed for intrinsic causes, and is not collimated by the absorbing torus as is the case for the (intrinsically isotropic) disk emission. The extra component can be associated with a relativistic outflow, provided that the flow opening angle and the Doppler beaming factor are similar to 1/5-1/7 radians. C1 [Salvati, M.; Risaliti, G.; Woltjer, L.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Risaliti, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Veron, P.; Woltjer, L.] Observ Haute Provence, F-04870 St Michel, France. RP Salvati, M (reprint author), Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM salvati@arcetri.astro.it; risaliti@arcetri.astro.it; philippe.veron@oamp.fr OI Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 478 IS 1 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078618 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 256FK UT WOS:000252712900017 ER PT J AU Agundez, M Cernicharo, J Guelin, M Gerin, M McCarthy, MC Thaddeus, P AF Agundez, M. Cernicharo, J. Guelin, M. Gerin, M. McCarthy, M. C. Thaddeus, P. TI Search for anions in molecular sources: C4H- detection in L1527 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM ID INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; NEGATIVE-IONS; IRC+10 216; C6H; C8H; PROTOSTAR; CHEMISTRY; ENVELOPE; REGIONS; CCH AB Aims. We present the results of a search for the negative ion C4H- in various dark clouds, low mass star-forming regions and photon-dominated regions (PDRs). We have also searched for C6H-, C2H- and CN- in some of the sources. Methods. The millimeter-wave observations were carried out with the IRAM-30 m telescope. Results. We detect C4H-, through the J = 9-8 and J = 10-9 rotational transitions, in the low mass star-forming region L1527. We thus confirm the tentative detection of the J = 9-8 line recently reported toward this source. The [C4H-]/[C4H] ratio found is 0.011%, which is slightly lower than the value observed in IRC + 10216, 0.024%, but above the 3 sigma upper limit we derive in TMC-1, < 0.0052%. We have also derived an upper limit for the [C6H-]/[C6H] ratio in the Horsehead Nebula, and for various anion-to-neutral ratios in the observed sources. These results are compared with recent chemical models. C1 [Agundez, M.; Cernicharo, J.] CSIC, Ist Estructura Mat, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Guelin, M.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Gerin, M.] Observ Paris, UMR CNRS 8112, LERMA, F-75231 Paris, France. [Gerin, M.] Ecole Normale Super, F-75231 Paris, France. [McCarthy, M. C.; Thaddeus, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Agundez, M (reprint author), CSIC, Ist Estructura Mat, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain. EM marce@damir.iem.csic.es; cerni@damir.iem.csic.es; guelin@iram.fr; gerin@lra.ens.fr; mccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu; pthaddeus@cfa.harvard.edu RI Agundez, Marcelino/I-5369-2012; OI Agundez, Marcelino/0000-0003-3248-3564; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 NR 26 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 478 IS 1 BP L19 EP L22 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078985 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 256FK UT WOS:000252712900005 ER PT J AU Menten, KM Lundgren, A Belloche, A Thorwirth, S Reid, MJ AF Menten, K. M. Lundgren, A. Belloche, A. Thorwirth, S. Reid, M. J. TI A multi-transition submillimeter water maser study of evolved stars. Detection of a new line near 475 GHz SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : winds; outflows; supergiants; circumstellar matter; masers; submillimeter ID VY-CANIS-MAJORIS; LARGE MILLIMETER ARRAY; CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; INTERSTELLAR WATER; MIRA VARIABLES; W-HYDRAE; EMISSION; VAPOR; DISCOVERY; APEX AB Context. Maser emission from the H2O molecule probes the warm, inner circumstellar envelopes of oxygen-rich red giant and supergiant stars. Multi-maser transition studies can be used to put constraints on the density and temperature of the emission regions. Aims. A number of known H2O maser lines were observed toward the long period variables R Leo and W Hya and the red supergiant VY CMa. A search for a new, not yet detected line near 475 GHz was conducted toward these stars. Methods. The Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope was used for a multi-transition observational study of submillimeter H2O lines. Results. The 5(33)-4(40) transition near 475 GHz was clearly detected toward VY CMa and W Hya. Many other H2O lines were detected toward all three target stars. Relative line intensity ratios and velocity widths were found to vary significantly from star to star. Conclusions. Maser action is observed in all but one line for which it was theoretically predicted. In contrast, one of the strongest maser lines, in R Leo by far the strongest, the 437 GHz 7(53)-6(60) transition, is not predicted to be inverted. Some other qualitative predictions of the model calculations are at variance with our observations. Plausible reasons for this are discussed. Based on our findings for W Hya and VY CMa, we find evidence that the H2O masers in the AGB star W Hya arise from the regular circumstellar outflow, while shock excitation in a high velocity flow seems to be required to excite masers far from the red supergiant VY CMa. C1 [Menten, K. M.; Belloche, A.; Thorwirth, S.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Lundgren, A.] ESO, Santiago, Chile. [Reid, M. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Menten, KM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Auf Den Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM kmenten@pifr-bonn.mpg.de; alundgre@eso.org; belloche@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; sthorwirth@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; raid@cfa.harvard.edu RI Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011 OI Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710 NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 477 IS 1 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078349 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 241IB UT WOS:000251649000020 ER PT J AU Forbrich, J Menten, KM Reid, MJ AF Forbrich, J. Menten, K. M. Reid, M. J. TI A 1.3 cm wavelength radio flare from a deeply embedded source in the Orion BN/KL region SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : pre-main sequence; radio continuum : stars ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; NEBULA CLUSTER; STARS; VARIABILITY; EMISSION; DISK; COUP AB Aims. Our aim was to measure and characterize the short-wavelength radio emission from young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Orion Nebula Cluster and the BN/KL star-forming region. Methods. We used the NRAO Very Large Array at a wavelength of lambda = 1.3 cm and we studied archival X-ray, infrared, and radio data. Results. During our observation, a strong outburst (flux increasing > 10 fold) occurred in one of the 16 sources detected at A = 1.3 cm, while the others remained (nearly) constant. This source does not have an infrared counterpart, but has subsequently been observed to flare in X-rays. Curiously, a very weak variable double radio source was found at other epochs near this position, one of whose components is coincident with it. A very high extinction derived from modeling the X-ray emission and the absence of an infrared counterpart both suggest that this source is very deeply embedded. C1 [Forbrich, J.; Menten, K. M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Forbrich, J.; Reid, M. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Forbrich, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Auf Dem Hugel, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM jforbrich@cfa.harvard.edu NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 477 IS 1 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078070 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 241IB UT WOS:000251649000029 ER PT J AU Fontani, F Caselli, P Bourke, TL Cesaroni, R Brand, J AF Fontani, F. Caselli, P. Bourke, T. L. Cesaroni, R. Brand, J. TI Highly deuterated pre-stellar cores in a high-mass star formation region SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; radio lines : ISM; ISM : individual : IRAS 05345+3157; ISM : molecules ID PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; EVOLUTIONARY STATUS; INITIAL CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR-IONS; SAMPLE; N2H+; KINEMATICS; SEARCH; L1544; L1498 AB Aims. We have observed the deuterated gas in the high-mass star formation region IRAS 05345+3157 at high-angular resolution, in order to determine the morphology and the nature of this gas. Methods. We have mapped the N2H+ (1-0) line with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer, and the N2D+ (3-2) and N2H+ (3 - 2) lines with the Submillimeter Array. Results. We have detected two condensations in N2D+, with masses of similar to 2-3 and similar to 9 M-circle dot and diameters of 0.05 and 0.09 pc, respectively. The high deuterium fractionation (similar to 0.1) and the line parameters of the N2D+ condensations indicate that they are probably low- to intermediate-mass pre-stellar cores, even though other scenarios are possible. C1 [Fontani, F.; Brand, J.] INAF, Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Caselli, P.; Cesaroni, R.] INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Caselli, P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astrophys, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Bourke, T. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fontani, F (reprint author), INAF, Ist Radioastron, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM ffontani@ira.inaf.it OI Brand, Jan/0000-0003-1615-9043; Cesaroni, Riccardo/0000-0002-2430-5103; Fontani, Francesco/0000-0003-0348-3418 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 477 IS 3 BP L45 EP L48 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078973 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 248DF UT WOS:000252131000005 ER PT J AU Lotz, JM Davis, M Faber, SM Guhathakurta, P Gwyn, S Huang, J Koo, DC Le Floc'h, E Lin, L Newman, J Noeske, K Papovich, C Willmer, CNA Coil, A Conselice, CJ Cooper, M Hopkins, AM Metevier, A Primack, J Rieke, G Weiner, BJ AF Lotz, Jennifer M. Davis, M. Faber, S. M. Guhathakurta, P. Gwyn, S. Huang, J. Koo, D. C. Le Floc'h, E. Lin, Lihwai Newman, J. Noeske, K. Papovich, C. Willmer, C. N. A. Coil, A. Conselice, C. J. Cooper, M. Hopkins, A. M. Metevier, A. Primack, J. Rieke, G. Weiner, B. J. TI The evolution of galaxy mergers and morphology at z < 1.2 in the Extended Groth Strip SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : structure ID STAR-FORMATION RATE; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; LDSS REDSHIFT SURVEYS; EARLY DATA RELEASE; FORMATION HISTORY; MERGING GALAXIES; FIELD GALAXIES; RED GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AB We present the quantitative rest-frame B morphological evolution and galaxy merger fraction at 0.2 < z < 1.2 as observed by the All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey (AEGIS). We use the Gini coefficient and M(20) to identify major mergers and classify galaxy morphology for a volume-limited sample of 3009 galaxies brighter than 0.4L(B)*, assuming pure luminosity evolution. We find that the merger fraction remains roughly constant at 10% +/- 2% for 0.2 < z < 1.2. The fraction of E/S0/Sa galaxies increases from 21% +/- 3% at z similar to 1.1 to 44% +/- 9% at z similar to 0.3, while the fraction of Sb-Ir galaxies decreases from 64% +/- 6% at z similar to 1.1 to 47% +/- 9% at z similar to 0.3. The majority of z 1.2 Spitzer MIPS 24 mu m sources with L(IR) > 10(11) L(circle dot) are disk galaxies, and only similar to 15% are classified as major merger candidates. Edge-on and dusty disk galaxies (Sb-Ir) are almost a third of the red sequence at z similar to 1.1, while E/S0/Sa make up over 90% of the red sequence at z similar to 0.3. Approximately 2% of our full sample are red mergers. We conclude (1) the merger rate does not evolve strongly between 0.2 < z < 1.2; (2) the decrease in the volume-averaged star formation rate density since z similar to 1 is a result of declining star formation in disk galaxies rather than a disappearing population of major mergers; (3) the build-up of the red sequence at z < 1 can be explained by a doubling in the number of spheroidal galaxies since z similar to 1.2. C1 Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Davis, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Faber, S. M.; Guhathakurta, P.; Koo, D. C.; Lin, Lihwai; Noeske, K.; Metevier, A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Gwyn, S.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Huang, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Le Floc'h, E.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Le Floc'h, E.] Observ Paris, Meudon, France. [Newman, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Papovich, C.; Willmer, C. N. A.; Coil, A.; Rieke, G.; Weiner, B. J.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Conselice, C. J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Hopkins, A. M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Primack, J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Lotz, JM (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM lotz@noao.edu RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; OI Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638 NR 99 TC 244 Z9 246 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 177 EP 197 DI 10.1086/523659 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000018 ER PT J AU Requena-Torres, MA Martin-Pintado, J Martin, S Morris, MR AF Requena-Torres, M. A. Martin-Pintado, J. Martin, S. Morris, M. R. TI The Galactic center: The largest oxygen-bearing organic molecule repository SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM : individual (CMZ); ISM : molecules; molecular data; techniques : spectroscopic ID INTERSTELLAR ICE ANALOGS; COLOGNE DATABASE; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; METHYL FORMATE; CENTER REGION; 10 K; GLYCOLALDEHYDE; CORES; ACETALDEHYDE; CLOUDS AB We present the first detection of complex aldehydes and isomers in three typical molecular clouds located within 200 pc of the center of our Galaxy. We find very large abundances of these complex organic molecules (COMs) in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ), which we attribute to the ejection of COMs from grain mantles by shocks. The relative abundances of the different COMs with respect to that of CH3OH are strikingly similar for the three sources, which are located in very different environments in the CMZ. The similar relative abundances point toward a unique grain mantle composition in the CMZ. Studying the Galactic center clouds and objects in the Galactic disk having large abundances of COMs, we find that more saturated molecules are more abundant than the nonsaturated ones. We also find differences between the relative abundance between COMs in the CMZ and the Galactic disk, suggesting different chemical histories of the grain mantles between the two regions in the Galaxy for the complex aldehydes. Different possibilities for the grain chemistry on the icy mantles in the GC clouds are briefly discussed. Cosmic rays can play an important role in the grain chemistry. With these new detections, the molecular clouds in the Galactic center appear to be one of the best laboratories for studying the formation of COMs in the Galaxy. C1 [Requena-Torres, M. A.; Martin-Pintado, J.] CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Martin, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Morris, M. R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Requena-Torres, MA (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, C Serrano 121, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM requena@damir.iem.csic.es; martin@damir.iem.csic.es; martin@astro.cfa.edu; morris@astro.ucla.edu RI Martin-Pintado, Jesus/H-6107-2015 OI Martin-Pintado, Jesus/0000-0003-4561-3508 NR 41 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 352 EP 360 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000030 ER PT J AU Sonnentrucker, P Neufeld, DA Gerakines, PA Bergin, EA Melnick, GJ Forrest, WJ Pipher, JL Whittet, DCB AF Sonnentrucker, P. Neufeld, D. A. Gerakines, P. A. Bergin, E. A. Melnick, G. J. Forrest, W. J. Pipher, J. L. Whittet, D. C. B. TI Fully sampled maps of ices and silicates in front of Cepheus A East with the Spitzer Space Telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; molecular processes ID INTERSTELLAR DUST GRAINS; SOLID CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS-PHASE CO2; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; EMBEDDED PROTOSTARS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MASS PROTOSTAR; DARK CLOUDS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXTINCTION AB We report the first fully sampled maps of the distribution of interstellar CO2 ices, H2O ices, and total hydrogen nuclei, as inferred from the 9.7 mu m silicate feature, toward the star-forming region Cepheus A East with the IRS instrument on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. We find that the column density distributions for these solid state features all peak at, and are distributed around, the location of HW2, the protostar believed to power one of the outflows observed in this star-forming region. A correlation between the column density distributions of CO2 and water ice with that of total hydrogen indicates that the solid state features we mapped mostly arise from the same molecular clumps along the probed sight lines. We therefore derive average CO2 ice and water ice abundances with respect to the total hydrogen column density of X( CO2) ice similar to 1: 9; 10(-5) and X( H2O) ice similar to 7: 5; 10(-5). Within errors, the abundances for both ices are relatively constant over the mapped region exhibiting both ice absorptions. The fraction of CO2 ice with respect to H2O ice is also relatively constant at a value of 22% over that mapped region. A clear triple-peaked structure is seen in the CO2 ice profiles. Fits to those profiles using current laboratory ice analogs suggest the presence of both a low-temperature polar ice mixture and a high-temperature methanol-rich ice mixture along the probed sight lines. Our results further indicate that thermal processing of these ices occurred throughout the sampled region. C1 [Sonnentrucker, P.; Neufeld, D. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gerakines, P. A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Bergin, E. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Melnick, G. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Forrest, W. J.; Pipher, J. L.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Whittet, D. C. B.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Sonnentrucker, P (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Gerakines, Perry/B-9705-2009; Gerakines, Perry/D-2226-2012 OI Gerakines, Perry/0000-0002-9667-5904 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 361 EP 370 DI 10.1086/523790 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000031 ER PT J AU Lada, CJ Muench, AA Rathborne, J Alves, JF Lombardi, M AF Lada, Charles J. Muench, A. A. Rathborne, J. Alves, Joao F. Lombardi, M. TI The nature of the dense core population in the Pipe Nebula: Thermal cores under pressure SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : formation ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; OPHIUCHI MOLECULAR CLOUD; STAR-FORMATION; DARK CLOUD; CLUMP DISTRIBUTION; 850 MICRONS; FRAGMENTATION; COLLAPSE; CLUSTER; EXTINCTION AB In this paper we present the results of a systematic investigation of an entire population of predominately starless dust cores within a single molecular cloud, the Pipe Nebula. Analysis of extinction data shows the cores to be dense objects characterized by a narrow range of density with a median value of n(H-2) 7 x 10(3). The nonthermal velocity dispersions measured in molecular emission lines are found to be subsonic for the large majority of the cores and show no correlation with core mass (or size). Thermal pressure is found to be the dominate source of internal gas pressure and support for most of the core population. The total internal pressures of the cores are found to be roughly independent of core mass over the entire (0.2-20 M circle dot) range of the core mass function (CMF) indicating that the cores are in pressure equilibrium with an external source of pressure. This external pressure is most likely provided by the weight of the surrounding molecular cloud. Most of the cores appear to be pressure confined, gravitationally unbound entities whose fundamental physical properties are determined by only a few factors, which include self-gravity, gas temperature, and the simple requirement of pressure equilibrium with the surrounding environment. The entire core population is found to be characterized by a single critical Bonnor-Ebert mass of approximately 2 M circle dot. This mass coincides with the characteristic mass of the Pipe CMF suggesting that the CMF (and ultimately the stellar IMF) has its origin in the physical process of thermal fragmentation in a pressurized medium. C1 [Lada, Charles J.; Muench, A. A.; Rathborne, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Alves, Joao F.] Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Calar Alto Observ, Almeria 04004, Spain. [Lombardi, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lombardi, M.] Univ Milan, Dept Phys, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Lada, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM clada@cfa.harvard.edu; jalves@caha.es OI Muench, August/0000-0003-0666-6367; LOMBARDI, MARCO/0000-0002-3336-4965; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 NR 54 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 410 EP 422 DI 10.1086/523837 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000036 ER PT J AU Keto, E Zhang, QZ Kurtz, S AF Keto, Eric Zhang, Qizhou Kurtz, Stanley TI The early evolution of massive stars: Radio recombination line spectra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; stars : early-type; stars : formation ID H-II REGIONS; ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; SAGITTARIUS B2 MAIN; FORMING REGION; CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; ACCRETION FLOW; ORION NEBULA; IONIZED-GAS; MILKY-WAY; AU SCALES AB Velocity shifts and differential broadening of radio recombination lines are used to estimate the densities and velocities of the ionized gas in several hypercompact and ultracompact H II regions. These small H II regions are thought to be at their earliest evolutionary phase and associated with the youngest massive stars. The observations suggest that these H II regions are characterized by high densities, supersonic flows, and steep density gradients, consistent with accretion and outflows that would be associated with the formation of massive stars. C1 [Keto, Eric; Zhang, Qizhou] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kurtz, Stanley] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CRyA, Morelia 58090, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Keto, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 64 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 423 EP 432 DI 10.1086/522570 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000037 ER PT J AU Perley, DA Bloom, JS Butler, NR Pollack, LK Holtzman, J Blake, CH Kocevski, D Vestrand, WT Li, W Foley, RJ Bellm, E Chen, HW Prochaska, JX Starr, D Filippenko, AV Falco, EE Szentgyorgyi, AH Wren, J Wozniak, PR White, R Pergande, J AF Perley, D. A. Bloom, J. S. Butler, N. R. Pollack, L. K. Holtzman, J. Blake, C. H. Kocevski, D. Vestrand, W. T. Li, W. Foley, R. J. Bellm, E. Chen, H. -W. Prochaska, J. X. Starr, D. Filippenko, A. V. Falco, E. E. Szentgyorgyi, A. H. Wren, J. Wozniak, P. R. White, R. Pergande, J. TI The troublesome broadband evolution of GRB 061126: Does a gray burst imply gray dust? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; EARLY OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; LIGHT-CURVE; MILKY-WAY; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; STAR-FORMATION; HOST GALAXIES; SHOCK MODEL; SKY SURVEY AB We report on observations of a gamma-ray burst (GRB061126) with an extremely bright (R approximate to 12 mag at peak) early-time optical afterglow. The optical afterglow is already fading as a power law 22 s after the trigger, with no detectable prompt contribution in our first exposure, which was coincident with a large prompt-emission gamma-ray pulse. The optical-infrared photometric SED is an excellent fit to a power law, but it exhibits a moderate red-to-blue evolution in the spectral index at about 500 s after the burst. This color change is contemporaneous with a switch from a relatively fast decay to slower decay. The rapidly decaying early afterglow is broadly consistent with synchrotron emission from a reverse shock, but a bright forward-shock component predicted by the intermediate- to late-time X-ray observations under the assumptions of standard afterglow models is not observed. Indeed, despite its remarkable early-time brightness, this burst would qualify as a dark burst at later times on the basis of its nearly flat optical-to-X-ray spectral index. Our photometric SED provides no evidence of host galaxy extinction, requiring either large quantities of gray dust in the host system (at redshift 1.1588 +/- 0.0006, based on our late-time Keck spectroscopy) or separate physical origins for the X-ray and optical afterglows. C1 [Perley, D. A.; Bloom, J. S.; Butler, N. R.; Kocevski, D.; Li, W.; Foley, R. J.; Starr, D.; Filippenko, A. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pollack, L. K.; Prochaska, J. X.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Holtzman, J.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Blake, C. H.; Falco, E. E.; Szentgyorgyi, A. H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vestrand, W. T.; Wren, J.; Wozniak, P. R.; White, R.; Pergande, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bellm, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, H. -W.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Perley, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Bellm, Eric/0000-0001-8018-5348; Wozniak, Przemyslaw/0000-0002-9919-3310 NR 76 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 449 EP 464 DI 10.1086/523929 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000040 ER PT J AU Currie, T Kenyon, SJ Balog, Z Rieke, G Bragg, A Bromley, B AF Currie, Thayne Kenyon, Scott J. Balog, Zoltan Rieke, George Bragg, Ann Bromley, Benjamin TI The rise and fall of debris disks: MIPS observations of h and chi Persei and the evolution of mid-IR emission from planet formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; open clusters and associations : individual (NGC 869, NGC 884); planetary systems : formation; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; TAURUS-AURIGA; DUST DISKS; VEGA PHENOMENON; AGE-DEPENDENCE; BETA-PICTORIS; MASS FUNCTION; ACCRETION; ORIGIN AB We describe Spitzer MIPS observations of the double cluster, h and chi Persei, covering a similar to 0.6 deg(2) area surrounding the cores of both clusters. The data are combined with IRAC and 2MASS data to investigate similar to 616 sources from 1.25-24 mu m. We use the long-baseline K-s - [24] color to identify two populations with IR excess indicative of circumstellar material: Be stars with 24 mu m excess from optically thin free-free emission, and 17 fainter sources (J similar to 14-15) with [24] excess consistent with a circumstellar disk. The frequency of IR excess for the fainter sources increases from 4.5 to 24 mu m. The IR excess is likely due to debris from the planet formation process. The wavelength-dependent behavior is consistent with an inside-out clearing of circumstellar disks. A comparison of the 24 mu m excess population in h and chi Per sources with results for other clusters shows that 24 mu m emission from debris disks "rises'' from 5 to 10 Myr, peaks at similar to 10-15 Myr, and then "falls'' from similar to 15-20 Myr to 1 Gyr. C1 [Currie, Thayne; Kenyon, Scott J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Currie, Thayne] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Balog, Zoltan; Rieke, George] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bragg, Ann] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Bromley, Benjamin] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Currie, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St Cambridge, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. EM tcurrie@cfa.harvard.edu NR 71 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 558 EP 574 DI 10.1086/523698 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000051 ER PT J AU Faccioli, L Alcock, C Cook, K AF Faccioli, Lorenzo Alcock, Charles Cook, Kem TI Post-main-sequence orbital circularization of binary stars in the large and small Magellanic Clouds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; celestial mechanics; eclipses; Magellanic Clouds; methods : numerical; surveys ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; DETACHED ECLIPSING BINARIES; DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; PROPER-MOTION STARS; TIDAL EVOLUTION; MACHO PROJECT; SYNCHRONIZATION TIMES; CLOSE BINARIES; OPEN CLUSTERS; SPACED DATA AB We present results from a study of the orbits of eclipsing binary stars (EBs) in the Magellanic Clouds. The samples comprise 4510 EBs found in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) by the MACHO project, 2474 LMC EBs found by the OGLE-II project (of which 1182 are also in the MACHO sample), 1380 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) found by the MACHO project, and 1317 SMC EBs found by the OGLE-II project (of which 677 are also in the MACHO sample); we also consider the EROS sample of 79 EBs in the bar of the LMC. Statistics of the phase differences between primary and secondary minima allow us to infer the statistics of orbital eccentricities within these samples. We confirm the well-known absence of eccentric orbit in close binary stars. We also find evidence for rapid circularization in longer period systems when one member evolves beyond the main sequence. C1 [Faccioli, Lorenzo] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Faccioli, Lorenzo] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Alcock, Charles] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cook, Kem] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Faccioli, L (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM lfaccioli@lbl.gov; calcock@cfa.harvard.edu; kcook@igpp.ucllnl.org NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 604 EP 622 DI 10.1086/523881 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000054 ER PT J AU Williams, KA Momcheva, I Keeton, CR Zabludoff, AI Lehar, J AF Williams, Kurtis A. Momcheva, Ivelina Keeton, Charles R. Zabludoff, Ann I. Lehar, Joseph TI First results from a photometric survey of strong gravitational lens environments (vol 646, pg 85, 2006) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Williams, Kurtis A.; Momcheva, Ivelina; Zabludoff, Ann I.] Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Keeton, Charles R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Lehar, Joseph] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Williams, KA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Univ Stn 1, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. OI Williams, Kurtis/0000-0002-1413-7679 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP 733 EP 733 DI 10.1086/523939 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RF UT WOS:000253454000066 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Zhang, Q Pillai, T Wyrowski, F Wu, Y AF Wang, Y. Zhang, Q. Pillai, T. Wyrowski, F. Wu, Y. TI NH3 observations of the infrared dark cloud G28.34+0.06 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; stars : formation ID STAR-FORMATION; MOLECULAR CLOUD; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CORES; ORION; G11.11-0.12; POPULATION; CLUSTERS; AMMONIA AB We present observations of the NH3 (J, K) = (1, 1) and (2, 2) inversion transitions toward the infrared dark cloud G28.34+0.06, using the Very Large Array. Strong NH3 emission is found to coincide well with the infrared absorption feature in this cloud. The northern region of G28.34+0.06 is dominated by a compact clump (P2) with a high rotation temperature ( 29 K) and large line width (4.3 km s(-1)), and is associated with a strong water maser (240 Jy) and a 24 mu m point source with far- IR luminosity of 10(3) L-circle dot. We infer that P2 has embedded, massive protostars although it lies in the 8 mm absorption region. The southern region has filamentary structures. The rotation temperature in the southern region decreases with the increase of the integrated NH3 intensity, which indicates an absence of strong internal heating in these clumps. In addition, the compact core P1 in the south has small line width (1.2 km s(-1)) surrounded by extended emission with larger line width (1.8 km s(-1)), which suggests a dissipation of turbulence in the dense part of the cloud. Thus, we suggest that P1 is at a much earlier evolutionary stage than P2, possibly at a stage that begins to form a cluster with massive stars. C1 [Wang, Y.; Wu, Y.] Peking Univ, Dept Astron, CAS PKU Joint Beijing Astrophys Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Wang, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Pillai, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pillai, T.; Wyrowski, F.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Astron, CAS PKU Joint Beijing Astrophys Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. NR 31 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 1 BP L33 EP L36 DI 10.1086/524949 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291XY UT WOS:000255231900009 ER PT J AU Narayanan, D Li, YX Cox, TJ Hernquist, L Hopkins, P Chakrabarti, S Dave, R Di Matteo, T Gao, L Kulesa, C Robertson, B Walker, CK AF Narayanan, Desika Li, Yuexing Cox, Thomas J. Hernquist, Lars Hopkins, Philip Chakrabarti, Sukanya Dave, Romeel Di Matteo, Tiziana Gao, Liang Kulesa, Craig Robertson, Brant Walker, Christopher K. TI The nature of CO emission from z similar to 6 quasars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE cosmology : theory; early universe; galaxies : active; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : individual ( SDSS J1148+5251); galaxies : ISM ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; MOLECULAR GAS; HOST GALAXY; Z-GREATER-THAN-5.7 QUASARS AB We investigate the nature of molecular gas emission from z similar to 6 quasars via the commonly observed tracer of H-2, carbon monoxide (CO). We achieve this by combining non-LTE radiative transfer calculations with merger-driven models of z similar to 6 quasar formation that arise naturally in Lambda cold dark matter structure formation simulations. Motivated by observational constraints, we consider four representative z similar to 6 quasars formed in the halo mass range similar to 10(12)-10(13) M-circle dot from different merging histories. Our main results are as follows. We find that, owing to massive starbursts and funneling of dense gas into the nuclear regions of merging galaxies, the CO is highly excited during both the hierarchical buildup of the host galaxy and the quasar phase, and the CO flux density peaks between J = 5 and 8. The CO morphology of z similar to 6 quasars often exhibits multiple CO emission peaks which arise from molecular gas concentrations which have not yet fully coalesced. Both of these results are found to be consistent with the sole CO detection at z similar to 6, in quasar J1148+5251. Quasars which form at z similar to 6 display a large range of sight line-dependent line widths. The sight line dependencies are such that the narrowest line widths are when the rotating molecular gas associated with the quasar is viewed face-on (when the L-B is largest) and broadest when the quasar is seen edge-on (and the L-B is lowest). Thus, we find that for all models selection effects exist such that quasars selected for optical luminosity are preferentially seen to be face-on which may result in CO detections of optically luminous quasars at z similar to 6 having line widths narrower than the median. The mean sight line-averaged line width is found to be reflective of the circular velocity of the host halo and thus scales with halo mass. For example, the mean line width for the similar to 10(12) M-circle dot halo is sigma similar to 300 km s(-1), while the median for the similar to 10(13) M-circle dot quasar host is sigma similar to 650 km s(-1). Depending on the host halo mass, approximately 2%-10% of sight lines in our modeled quasars are found to have narrow line widths compatible with observations of J1148+5251. When considering the aforementioned selection effects, these percentages increase to 10%-25% for quasars selected for optical luminosity. When accounting for both temporal evolution of CO line widths in galaxies, as well as the redshift evolution of halo circular velocities, these models can self-consistently account for the observed line widths of both submillimeter galaxies and quasars at z similar to 2. Finally, we find that the dynamical mass derived from the mean sight line-averaged line widths provide a good estimate of the total mass and allow for a massive molecular reservoir, supermassive black hole, and stellar bulge, consistent with the local M-BH-M-bul relation. C1 [Narayanan, Desika; Dave, Romeel; Kulesa, Craig; Walker, Christopher K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Li, Yuexing; Cox, Thomas J.; Hernquist, Lars; Hopkins, Philip; Chakrabarti, Sukanya] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Di Matteo, Tiziana] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Gao, Liang] Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Robertson, Brant] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmopol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Robertson, Brant] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Narayanan, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Di Matteo, Tiziana/O-4762-2014 OI Di Matteo, Tiziana/0000-0002-6462-5734 NR 121 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 174 IS 1 BP 13 EP 30 DI 10.1086/521776 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258BO UT WOS:000252843600002 ER PT J AU Maughan, BJ Jones, C Forman, W Van Speybroeck, L AF Maughan, B. J. Jones, C. Forman, W. Van Speybroeck, L. TI Images, structural properties, and metal abundances of galaxy clusters observed with Chandra ACIS-I at 0.1 < z < 1.3 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : high-redshift; intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; XMM-NEWTON; COOLING FLOWS; GAS FRACTION; T RELATION; SAMPLE; MASS; TEMPERATURE; ROSAT; EVOLUTION AB We have assembled a sample of 115 galaxy clusters at 0.1 < z < 1.3 with archived Chandra ACIS-I observations. We present X-ray images of the clusters and make available region files containing contours of the smoothed X-ray emission. The structural properties of the clusters were investigated, and we found a significant absence of relaxed clusters (as determined by centroid shift measurements) at z > 0.5. The slope of the surface brightness profiles at large radii were steeper on average by 15% than the slope obtained by fitting a simple beta-model to the emission. This slope was also found to be correlated with cluster temperature, with some indication that the correlation is weaker for the clusters at z > 0.5. We measured the mean metal abundance of the cluster gas as a function of redshift and found significant evolution, with the abundances dropping by 50% between z = 0.1 and z approximate to 1. This evolution was still present (although less significant) when the cluster cores were excluded from the abundance measurements, indicating that the evolution is not solely due to the disappearance of relaxed, cool core clusters (which are known to have enhanced core metal abundances) from the population at z greater than or similar to 0.5. C1 [Maughan, B. J.; Jones, C.; Forman, W.; Van Speybroeck, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Maughan, BJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 51 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 174 IS 1 BP 117 EP 135 DI 10.1086/521225 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258BO UT WOS:000252843600006 ER PT J AU Belczynski, K Kalogera, V Rasio, FA Taam, RE Zezas, A Bulik, T Maccarone, TJ Ivanova, N AF Belczynski, Krzysztof Kalogera, Vassiliki Rasio, Frederic A. Taam, Ronald E. Zezas, Andreas Bulik, Tomasz Maccarone, Thomas J. Ivanova, Natalia TI Compact object modeling with the startrack population synthesis code SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE binaries : close; black hole physics; stars : evolution; stars : neutron; white dwarfs; X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY BINARIES; NEUTRON-STAR ACCRETION; ASYMMETRIC SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS; MASS ACCUMULATION EFFICIENCY; GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE DETECTION; COMMON ENVELOPE EVOLUTION; GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; WHITE-DWARF BINARIES; HELIUM SHELL FLASHES; BLACK-HOLE FORMATION AB We present a comprehensive description of the population synthesis code StarTrack. The original code has been significantly modified and updated. Special emphasis is placed here on processes leading to the formation and further evolution of compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes). Both single and binary star populations are considered. The code now incorporates detailed calculations of all mass transfer phases, a full implementation of orbital evolution due to tides, as well as the most recent estimates of magnetic braking. This updated version of StarTrack can be used for a wide variety of problems, with relevance to observations with many current and planned observatories, e. g., studies of X-ray binaries (Chandra, XMM-Newton), gravitational radiation sources (LIGO, LISA), and gamma-ray burst progenitors (HETE-II, Swift). The code has already been used in studies of Galactic and extragalactic X-ray binary populations, black holes in young star clusters, Type Ia supernova progenitors, and double compact object populations. Here we describe in detail the input physics, we present the code calibration and tests, and we outline our current studies in the context of X-ray binary populations. C1 [Belczynski, Krzysztof] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Kalogera, Vassiliki; Rasio, Frederic A.; Taam, Ronald E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Zezas, Andreas] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bulik, Tomasz] Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Maccarone, Thomas J.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Maccarone, Thomas J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Ivanova, Natalia] Univ Toronto, Canadian Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. RP Belczynski, K (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, 1320 Frenger Mall, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM kbelczyn@nmsu.edu; vicky@northwestern.edu; rasio@northwestern.edu; r-taam@northwestern.edu; azezas@head-cfa.cfa.harvard.edu; bulik@camk.edu.pl; tjm@phys.soton.ac.uk; nata@cita.utoronto.ca RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Rasio, Frederic/0000-0002-7132-418X NR 174 TC 224 Z9 224 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 174 IS 1 BP 223 EP 260 DI 10.1086/521026 PG 38 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258BO UT WOS:000252843600011 ER PT J AU van Dishoeck, EF Jorgensen, JK AF van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Jorgensen, Jes K. TI Star and planet-formation with ALMA: an overview SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE star formation; protoplanetary disks ID LOW-MASS PROTOSTARS; SPITZER C2D SURVEY; T-TAURI STARS; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE; COMPETITIVE ACCRETION; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; DENSE CORE AB Submillimeter observations with ALMA will be the essential next step in our understanding of how stars and planets form. Key projects range from detailed imaging of the collapse of pre-stellar cores and measuring the accretion rate of matter onto deeply embedded protostars, to unravelling the chemistry and dynamics of high-mass star-forming clusters and high-spatial resolution studies of protoplanetary disks down to the 1 AU scale. C1 [van Dishoeck, Ewine F.] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Jorgensen, Jes K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP van Dishoeck, EF (reprint author), Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM ewine@strw.leidenuniv.nl NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 313 IS 1-3 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9600-y PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 248NI UT WOS:000252159900004 ER PT J AU Girart, JM Rao, R Marrone, DP AF Girart, J. M. Rao, R. Marrone, D. P. TI SMA observations of the magnetic fields around a low-mass protostellar system SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ISM : magnetic fields; ISM : clouds; ISM : polarization; stars : formation ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; POLARIZED DUST EMISSION; MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; NGC-1333 IRAS-4A; ORION-A; POLARIMETRY; ALIGNMENT; ROTATION; COLLAPSE AB Observations of the submillimeter polarized dust emission is an important tool to study the role of the magnetic fields in the evolutions of molecular clouds and in the star formation processes. The Submillimeter Array (SMA) is the first imaging submillimeter interferometer. The installation of quarter wave plates in front of the 345 GHz receivers has allowed to carry out polarimetric observations. We present high angular resolution 345 GHz SMA observations of polarized dust emission towards the low-mass protostellar system NGC 1333 IRAS 4A. We show that in this system the observed magnetic field morphology is in agreement with the standard theoretical models of formation of low-mass stars in magnetized molecular clouds at scales of a few hundred AU; gravity has overcome magnetic support and the magnetic field traces a clear hourglass shape. The magnetic field is substantially more important than turbulence in the evolution of the system and the initial misalignment of the magnetic and spin axes may have been important in the formation of the binary system. C1 [Girart, J. M.] IEEC, CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Fac Ciencies, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain. [Rao, R.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Marrone, D. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Girart, JM (reprint author), IEEC, CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Fac Ciencies, C-5 Parell,2A, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain. EM girart@ieec.cat RI Girart, Josep/O-1638-2014; OI Girart, Josep/0000-0002-3829-5591; Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 313 IS 1-3 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9592-7 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 248NI UT WOS:000252159900017 ER PT J AU Sahai, R Young, K Patel, N Contreras, CS Morris, M AF Sahai, R. Young, K. Patel, N. Contreras, C. Sanchez Morris, M. TI A massive, dusty toroid with large grains in the pre-planetary nebula IRAS22036+5306 SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary nebulae : individual (IRAS 22036+5306); reflection nebulae; AGB and post-AGB stars; mass loss; winds & outflows; interferometry ID PLANETARY-NEBULAE; PROTOPLANETARY; BINARY; TORUS; STARS; WINDS; JETS AB Using the Submillimeter Array (SMA), we have obtained high angular-resolution (similar to 1 '') interferometric maps of the submillimeter (0.88 mm) continuum and CO J = 3-2 line from IRAS 22036+5306 (I 22036), a bipolar preplanetary nebula (PPN )with knotty jets discovered in our HST SNAPshot survey of young PPNe. In addition, we have obtained supporting lower-resolution (similar to 10 '') 2.6 mm continuum and CO, (CO)-C-13 J = 1-0 observations with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) interferometer. We find an unresolved source of submillimeter (and millimeter wave) continuum emission in I 22036, implying a very substantial mass (0.02-0.04M(circle dot)) of large (i.e., radius similar to 1 mm), cold (less than or similar to 50 K) dust grains associated with I 22036' s toroidal waist. The CO J = 3-2 observations show the presence of a very fast (similar to 220 km s(-1)), highly collimated, massive (0.03M(circle dot)) bipolar outflow with a very large scalar momentum (about 10(39) g cms(-1)), and the characteristic spatiokinematic structure of bow-shocks at the tips of this outflow. The fast outflow in I 22036, as in most PPNe, cannot be driven by radiation pressure. The large mass of the torus suggests that it has most likely resulted from common-envelope evolution in a binary, however it remains to be seen whether or not the time-scales required for the growth of grains to millimeter sizes in the torus are commensurate with such a formation scenario. The presence of the torus should facilitate the formation of the accretion disk needed to launch the jet. We also find that the C-13/C-12 ratio in I 22036 is very high (0.16), close to the maximum value achieved in equilibrium CNO-nucleosynthesis (0.33). The combination of the high circumstellar mass (i.e., in the torus and an extended dust shell inferred from ISO far-infrared spectra) and the high C-13/C-12 ratio in I 22036 provides strong support for this object having evolved from a massive (greater than or similar to 4M(circle dot)) progenitor in which hot-bottom-burning has occurred. C1 [Sahai, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Young, K.; Patel, N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Contreras, C. Sanchez] CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Morris, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Sahai, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sahai@jpl.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 313 IS 1-3 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9644-z PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 248NI UT WOS:000252159900043 ER PT J AU Wilson, CD Petitpas, GR Iono, D Peck, A Krips, M Warren, BE Baker, AJ Yun, MS Pihlstrom, Y Mihos, C Matsushita, S Juvela, M Ho, PTP Cox, TJ Armus, L AF Wilson, C. D. Petitpas, G. R. Iono, D. Peck, A. Krips, M. Warren, B. E. Baker, A. J. Yun, M. S. Pihlstrom, Y. Mihos, C. Matsushita, S. Juvela, M. Ho, P. T. P. Cox, T. J. Armus, L. TI Luminous infrared galaxies with the submillimeter array: probing the extremes of star formation SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE galaxies : infrared; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : individual (Mrk231; Mrk273; UGC5101; IRAS10565+2448) ID MOLECULAR GAS; SMM J14011+0252; MAJOR MERGERS; SAMPLE; DUST; STARBURSTS; ORIGIN; CLOUDS; DISK AB Luminous and Ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) contain the most intense regions of star formation in the local universe. Because molecular gas is the fuel for current and future star formation, the physical properties and distribution of the warm, dense molecular gas are key components for understanding the processes and timescales controlling star formation in these merger and merger remnant galaxies. We present new results from a legacy project on the Submillimeter Array which is producing high resolution images of a representative sample of galaxies with logL(FIR) > 11.4 and D < 200 Mpc. C1 [Wilson, C. D.; Warren, B. E.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Petitpas, G. R.; Peck, A.; Krips, M.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Iono, D.] Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 181, Japan. [Baker, A. J.] State Univ New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Yun, M. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Pihlstrom, Y.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Mihos, C.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Matsushita, S.; Ho, P. T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Juvela, M.] Helsinki Univ Observ, SF-00130 Helsinki, Finland. [Cox, T. J.] Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Armus, L.] Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Wilson, CD (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM wilson@physics.mcmaster.ca RI Juvela, Mika/H-6131-2011 OI Juvela, Mika/0000-0002-5809-4834 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 313 IS 1-3 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s10509-007-9618-1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 248NI UT WOS:000252159900052 ER PT J AU van Donkelaar, A Martin, RV Leaitch, WR Macdonald, AM Walker, TW Streets, DG Zhang, Q Dunlea, EJ Jimenez, JL Dibb, JE Huey, LG Weber, R Andreae, MO AF van Donkelaar, A. Martin, R. V. Leaitch, W. R. Macdonald, A. M. Walker, T. W. Streets, D. G. Zhang, Q. Dunlea, E. J. Jimenez, J. L. Dibb, J. E. Huey, L. G. Weber, R. Andreae, M. O. TI Analysis of aircraft and satellite measurements from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) to quantify long-range transport of East Asian sulfur to Canada SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; REGIONAL AEROSOL; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FRASER VALLEY; NORTH-AMERICA; NOX EMISSIONS; MINERAL DUST AB We interpret a suite of satellite, aircraft, and ground-based measurements over the North Pacific Ocean and western North America during April-May 2006 as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign to understand the implications of long-range transport of East Asian emissions to North America. The Canadian component of INTEX-B included 33 vertical profiles from a Cessna 207 aircraft equipped with an aerosol mass spectrometer. Long-range transport of organic aerosols was insignificant, contrary to expectations. Measured sulfate plumes in the free troposphere over British Columbia exceeded 2 mu g/m(3). We update the global anthropogenic emission inventory in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and use it to interpret the observations. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrieved from two satellite instruments (MISR and MODIS) for 2000-2006 are analyzed with GEOS-Chem to estimate an annual growth in Chinese sulfur emissions of 6.2% and 9.6%, respectively. Analysis of aircraft sulfate measurements from the NASA DC-8 over the central Pacific, the NSF C-130 over the east Pacific and the Cessna over British Columbia indicates most Asian sulfate over the ocean is in the lower free troposphere (800-600 hPa), with a decrease in pressure toward land due to orographic effects. We calculate that 56% of the measured sulfate between 500-900 hPa over British Columbia is due to East Asian sources. We find evidence of a 72-85% increase in the relative contribution of East Asian sulfate to the total burden in spring off the northwest coast of the United States since 1985. Campaign-average simulations indicate anthropogenic East Asian sulfur emissions increase mean springtime sulfate in Western Canada at the surface by 0.31 mu g/m(3) (similar to 30%) and account for 50% of the overall regional sulfate burden between 1 and 5 km. Mean measured daily surface sulfate concentrations taken in the Vancouver area increase by 0.32 mu g/m(3) per 10% increase in the simulated fraction of Asian sulfate, and suggest current East Asian emissions episodically degrade local air quality by more than 1.5 mu g/m(3). C1 [van Donkelaar, A.; Martin, R. V.; Walker, T. W.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. [Martin, R. V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Walker, T. W.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr EOS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Huey, L. G.; Weber, R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Andreae, M. O.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, Leipzig, Germany. RP van Donkelaar, A (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM aaron.van.donkelaar@dal.ca RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008; OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 78 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 11 BP 2999 EP 3014 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314BQ UT WOS:000256784100012 ER PT J AU Kaminski, JW Neary, L Struzewska, J McConnell, JC Lupu, A Jarosz, J Toyota, K Gong, SL Cote, J Liu, X Chance, K Richter, A AF Kaminski, J. W. Neary, L. Struzewska, J. McConnell, J. C. Lupu, A. Jarosz, J. Toyota, K. Gong, S. L. Cote, J. Liu, X. Chance, K. Richter, A. TI GEM-AQ, an on-line global multiscale chemical weather modelling system: model description and evaluation of gas phase chemistry processes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; TROPICAL OZONE CLIMATOLOGY; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL; GRAVITY-WAVE DRAG; 3-D DYNAMIC-MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA AB Tropospheric chemistry and air quality processes were implemented on-line in the Global Environmental Multiscale weather prediction model. The integrated model, GEM-AQ, was developed as a platform to investigate chemical weather at scales from global to urban. The current chemical mechanism is comprised of 50 gas-phase species, 116 chemical and 19 photolysis reactions, and is complemented by a sectional aerosol module with 5 aerosols types. All tracers are advected using the semi-Lagrangian scheme native to GEM. The vertical transport includes parameterized subgrid-scale turbulence and large scale deep convection. Dry deposition is included as a flux boundary condition in the vertical diffusion equation. Wet deposition of gas-phase species is treated in a simplified way, and only below-cloud scavenging is considered. The emissions used include yearly-averaged anthropogenic, and monthly-averaged biogenic, ocean, soil, and biomass burning emission fluxes, as well as NOx from lightning. In order to evaluate the ability to simulate seasonal variations and regional distributions of trace gases such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, the model was run for a period of five years (2001-2005) on a global uniform 1.5 degrees x 1.5 degrees horizontal resolution domain and 28 hybrid levels extending up to 10 hPa. Model results were compared with observations from satellites, aircraft measurement campaigns and balloon sondes. We find that GEM-AQ is able to capture the spatial details of the chemical fields in the middle and lower troposphere. The modelled ozone consistently shows good agreement with observations, except over tropical oceans. The comparison of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide with satellite measurements emphasizes the need for more accurate, year-specific emissions fluxes for biomass burning and anthropogenic sources. Other species also compare well with available observations. C1 [Kaminski, J. W.; Neary, L.; McConnell, J. C.; Lupu, A.; Jarosz, J.; Toyota, K.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Atmospher Modelling & Data Assimilat Lab, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Struzewska, J.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Environm Engn, Warsaw, Poland. [Gong, S. L.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Cote, J.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Liu, X.; Chance, K.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. [Richter, A.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-2800 Bremen 33, Germany. RP Kaminski, JW (reprint author), York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Atmospher Modelling & Data Assimilat Lab, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. EM jacek@yorku.ca RI Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Lupu, Alexandru/D-3689-2009; Toyota, Kenjiro/D-7044-2012; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; OI Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Lupu, Alexandru/0000-0002-4520-5523; Toyota, Kenjiro/0000-0001-9280-5305; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 88 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 12 BP 3255 EP 3281 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319GZ UT WOS:000257153400018 ER PT J AU Wolff, MA Kerzenmacher, T Strong, K Walker, KA Toohey, M Dupuy, E Bernath, PF Boone, CD Brohede, S Catoire, V Von Clarmann, T Coffey, M Daffer, WH De Maziere, M Duchatelet, P Glatthor, N Griffith, DWT Hannigan, J Hase, F Hopfner, M Huret, N Jones, N Jucks, K Kagawa, A Kasai, Y Kramer, I Kullmann, H Kuttippurath, J Mahieu, E Manney, G McElroy, CT McLinden, C Mebarki, Y Mikuteit, S Murtagh, D Piccolo, C Raspollini, P Ridolfi, M Ruhnke, R Santee, M Senten, C Smale, D Tetard, C Urban, J Wood, S AF Wolff, M. A. Kerzenmacher, T. Strong, K. Walker, K. A. Toohey, M. Dupuy, E. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. D. Brohede, S. Catoire, V. von Clarmann, T. Coffey, M. Daffer, W. H. De Maziere, M. Duchatelet, P. Glatthor, N. Griffith, D. W. T. Hannigan, J. Hase, F. Hoepfner, M. Huret, N. Jones, N. Jucks, K. Kagawa, A. Kasai, Y. Kramer, I. Kuellmann, H. Kuttippurath, J. Mahieu, E. Manney, G. McElroy, C. T. McLinden, C. Mebarki, Y. Mikuteit, S. Murtagh, D. Piccolo, C. Raspollini, P. Ridolfi, M. Ruhnke, R. Santee, M. Senten, C. Smale, D. Tetard, C. Urban, J. Wood, S. TI Validation of HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID GROUND-BASED FTIR; CRYOGENIC INFRARED SPECTROMETERS; SOLAR OCCULTATION SPECTRA; CHLORINE NITRATE CLONO2; LONG-TERM TREND; STRATOSPHERIC CHLORINE; ATMOS EXPERIMENT; OZONE DEPLETION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NITRIC-ACID AB The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite was launched on 12 August 2003. Its two instruments measure vertical profiles of over 30 atmospheric trace gases by analyzing solar occultation spectra in the ultraviolet/visible and infrared wavelength regions. The reservoir gases HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 are three of the key species provided by the primary instrument, the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). This paper describes the ACE-FTS version 2.2 data products, including the N2O5 update, for the three species and presents validation comparisons with available observations. We have compared volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 with measurements by other satellite instruments (SMR, MLS, MIPAS), aircraft measurements (ASUR), and single balloon-flights (SPIRALE, FIRS-2). Partial columns of HNO3 and ClONO2 were also compared with measurements by ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. Overall the quality of the ACE-FTS v2.2 HNO3 VMR profiles is good from 18 to 35 km. For the statistical satellite comparisons, the mean absolute differences are generally within +/- 1 ppbv (+/- 20%) from 18 to 35 km. For MIPAS and MLS comparisons only, mean relative differences lie within +/- 10% between 10 and 36 km. ACE-FTS HNO3 partial columns (similar to 15-30 km) show a slight negative bias of - 1.3% relative to the ground-based FTIRs at latitudes ranging from 77.8 degrees S-76.5 degrees N. Good agreement between ACE-FTS ClONO2 and MIPAS, using the Institut fur Meteorologie und Klimaforschung and Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IMK-IAA) data processor is seen. Mean absolute differences are typically within +/- 0.01 ppbv between 16 and 27 kin and less than +0.09 ppbv between 27 and 34 km. The ClONO2 partial column comparisons show varying degrees of agreement, depending on the location and the quality of the FTIR measurements. Good agreement was found for the comparisons with the rnidlatitude JungfrauJoch partial columns for which the mean relative difference is 4.7%. ACE-FTS N2O5 has a low bias relative to MIPAS IMK-IAA, reaching -0.25 ppbv at the altitude of the N2O5 maximum (around 30 km). Mean absolute differences at lower altitudes (16-27 km) are typically -0.05 ppbv for MIPAS nighttime and +/- 0.02 ppbv for MIPAS daytime measurements. C1 [Wolff, M. A.; Kerzenmacher, T.; Strong, K.; Walker, K. A.; Toohey, M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Walker, K. A.; Dupuy, E.; Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C. D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Brohede, S.; Murtagh, D.; Urban, J.] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Catoire, V.; Huret, N.; Mebarki, Y.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, Orleans, France. [von Clarmann, T.; Glatthor, N.; Hase, F.; Hoepfner, M.; Kramer, I.; Mikuteit, S.; Ruhnke, R.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [von Clarmann, T.; Glatthor, N.; Hase, F.; Hoepfner, M.; Kramer, I.; Mikuteit, S.; Ruhnke, R.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Coffey, M.; Hannigan, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Daffer, W. H.] Columbus Technol Inc, Pasadena, CA USA. [De Maziere, M.; Senten, C.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Duchatelet, P.; Mahieu, E.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium. [Griffith, D. W. T.; Jones, N.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Jucks, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kagawa, A.] Fujitsu FIP Corp, Tokyo, Japan. [Kagawa, A.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Environm Sensing & Network Grp, Tokyo, Japan. [Kuellmann, H.; Kuttippurath, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Manney, G.; Santee, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Manney, G.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [McElroy, C. T.; McLinden, C.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Piccolo, C.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Raspollini, P.] Natl Res Ctr CNR, Inst Appl Phys Nello Carrara, Florence, Italy. [Ridolfi, M.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Fis & Inorgan, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. [Tetard, C.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Wolff, MA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM mwolff@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca RI Barthlott, Sabine/B-1439-2013; Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011; Jones, Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Urban, Jo/F-9172-2010; Toohey, Matthew/G-3129-2010; McLinden, Chris/A-7710-2010; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Ruhnke, Roland/J-8800-2012; Hopfner, Michael/A-7255-2013; Hase, Frank/A-7497-2013; von Clarmann, Thomas/A-7287-2013; Glatthor, Norbert/B-2141-2013; Catoire, Valery/E-9662-2015 OI Barthlott, Sabine/0000-0003-0258-9421; Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559; Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286; Jones, Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368; Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X; Toohey, Matthew/0000-0002-7070-405X; McLinden, Chris/0000-0001-5054-1380; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531; von Clarmann, Thomas/0000-0003-2219-3379; Catoire, Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096 FU Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Swedish National Space Board (SNSB); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France; National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes); MIPAS IMK-IAA; ESA; CNES; NASA Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility; Swedish Space Corporation; ACE; CINA-MON; Envisat Database; EU; IRF Kiruna; National Science Foundation; [C01X0204] FX Funding for the ACE mission was provided primarily by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. This work was also supported by a grant from the CSA.; Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the CSA, the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France and the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes).; Thanks to B. Bojkov of the Aura Validation Data Center (AVDC) and the Aura-MLS Data Distribution Team for access to the Aura-MLS dataset (see http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov). Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, is carried Out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).; We acknowledge the European Space Agency (ESA) for providing the MIPAS level 1 and 2 datasets. We thank H. Fischer, U. Grabowski, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, M. Milz, T. Steck. G. P. Stiller, B. Funke, M. Lopez-Puertas, and G. Mengistu-Tsidu from the MIPAS IMK-IAA team for their contributions and support.; The ASUR group would like to acknowledge help and Support from H. Bremer, A. Kleinbohl and G. Naeveke.; The SPIRALE balloon measurements could only be performed thanks to the technical team (L. Pomathiod. B. Gaubicher. G. Jannet): the flight was funded by ESA and space French agency CNES for the Envisat validation project; the CNES balloon launching team is greatly acknowledged for Successful operations. A. Hauchecorne is acknowledged for making available the use of MIMOSA advection model and F. Coquelet for useful help in the PV calculations and ACE data formatting.; The FIRS-2 balloon measurements and data analysis were funded by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Program. The launch was supported both by the NASA Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility and the Swedish Space Corporation.; Eight of the ground-based FTIR stations operate within the framework of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, see http://www.ndacc.org). Poker Flat is a NDACC candidate and is currently under the process of becoming a complementary site. All stations are nationally funded and supported. The Belgian contributions to the present effort were supported by the ProDEx projects ACE. CINA-MON and Envisat Database. The European ground-based FTIR stations have been supported partly by the EU project UFTIR (http://www.nilu.no/uftir). Thanks are extended to the "International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat" (HFSJG, Bern. Switzerland) for hosting the Liege FTIR laboratory and for providing accommodation for the observers at the Jungfraujoch site. The support by the local IRF Kiruna staff is highly appreciated. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is supported by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTIR observation program at Thule, Greenland is supported under contract with NASA. The NIWA contribution to this Study work was conducted within the FRST funded Drivers and Mitigation of Global Change programme (C01X0204). Support and logistics for measurements conducted at Arrival Heights was supplied by Antarctica New Zealand. NR 122 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 13 BP 3529 EP 3562 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 324KF UT WOS:000257516800010 ER PT J AU Economou, G Christou, ED Giannakourou, A Gerasopoulos, E Georgopoulos, D Kotoulas, V Lyra, D Tsakalis, N Tzortziou, M Vahamidis, P Papathanassiou, E Karamanos, A AF Economou, G. Christou, E. D. Giannakourou, A. Gerasopoulos, E. Georgopoulos, D. Kotoulas, V. Lyra, D. Tsakalis, N. Tzortziou, M. Vahamidis, P. Papathanassiou, E. Karamanos, A. TI Eclipse effects on field crops and marine zooplankton: the 29 March 2006 total solar eclipse SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING LAYER; FOREST TREES; SAP FLOW; LIGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COPEPODS; BEHAVIOR AB Some effects in the biosphere from the Total Solar Eclipse of 29 March 2006 were investigated in field crops and marine zooplankton. Taking into account the decisive role of light on plant life and productivity, measurements of photosynthesis and stomatal behaviour were conducted on seven important field-grown cereal and leguminous crops. A drop in photosynthetic rates, by more than a factor of 5 in some cases, was observed, and the minimum values of photosynthetic rates ranged between 3.13 and 10.13 mu mol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1). The drop in solar irradiance and the increase in mesophyll CO(2)-concentration during the eclipse did not induce stomatal closure thus not blocking CO(2) uptake by plants. Light effects on the photochemical phase of photosynthesis may be responsible for the observed depression in photosynthetic rates. Field studies addressing the migratory responses of marine zooplankton (micro-zooplankton (ciliates), and meso-zooplankton) due to the rapid changes in underwater light intensity were also performed. The light intensity attenuation was simulated with the use of accurate underwater radiative transfer modeling techniques. Ciliates, responded to the rapid decrease in light intensity during the eclipse adopting night-time behaviour. From the meso-zooplankton assemblage, various vertical migratory behaviours were adopted by different species. C1 [Economou, G.; Kotoulas, V.; Lyra, D.; Tsakalis, N.; Vahamidis, P.; Karamanos, A.] Agr Univ Athens, Fac Plant Prod, Agron Lab, Athens 11855, Greece. [Christou, E. D.; Giannakourou, A.; Georgopoulos, D.; Papathanassiou, E.] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Oceanog, Anavyssos 19013, Greece. [Gerasopoulos, E.] Natl Observ Athens, Ist Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens, Greece. [Tzortziou, M.] Univ Maryland, Smithsonian Inst, SERC, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr,ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tzortziou, M.] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Inland Waters, Anavyssos 19013, Greece. RP Karamanos, A (reprint author), Agr Univ Athens, Fac Plant Prod, Agron Lab, 75 Iera Odos Str, Athens 11855, Greece. EM akaram@aua.gr NR 74 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 16 BP 4665 EP 4676 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 343OR UT WOS:000258863900012 ER PT J AU Strong, K Wolff, MA Kerzenmacher, TE Walker, KA Bernath, PF Blumenstock, T Boone, C Catoire, V Coffey, M De Maziere, M Demoulin, P Duchatelet, P Dupuy, E Hannigan, J Hopfner, M Glatthor, N Griffith, DWT Jin, JJ Jones, N Jucks, K Kuellmann, H Kuttippurath, J Lambert, A Mahieu, E McConnell, JC Mellqvist, J Mikuteit, S Murtagh, DP Notholt, J Piccolo, C Raspollini, P Ridolfi, M Robert, C Schneider, M Schrems, O Semeniuk, K Senten, C Stiller, GP Strandberg, A Taylor, J Tetard, C Toohey, M Urban, J Warneke, T Wood, S AF Strong, K. Wolff, M. A. Kerzenmacher, T. E. Walker, K. A. Bernath, P. F. Blumenstock, T. Boone, C. Catoire, V. Coffey, M. De Maziere, M. Demoulin, P. Duchatelet, P. Dupuy, E. Hannigan, J. Hoepfner, M. Glatthor, N. Griffith, D. W. T. Jin, J. J. Jones, N. Jucks, K. Kuellmann, H. Kuttippurath, J. Lambert, A. Mahieu, E. McConnell, J. C. Mellqvist, J. Mikuteit, S. Murtagh, D. P. Notholt, J. Piccolo, C. Raspollini, P. Ridolfi, M. Robert, C. Schneider, M. Schrems, O. Semeniuk, K. Senten, C. Stiller, G. P. Strandberg, A. Taylor, J. Tetard, C. Toohey, M. Urban, J. Warneke, T. Wood, S. TI Validation of ACE-FTS N2O measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID GROUND-BASED FTIR; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; CRYOGENIC INFRARED SPECTROMETERS; ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE; VERTICAL COLUMN ABUNDANCES; IR SOLAR SPECTRA; NITROUS-OXIDE; MESOSPHERIC SOUNDER; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; ERROR ANALYSIS AB The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), also known as SCISAT, was launched on 12 August 2003, carrying two instruments that measure vertical profiles of atmospheric constituents using the solar occultation technique. One of these instruments, the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), is measuring volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of nitrous oxide (N2O) from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere at a vertical resolution of about 3-4 km. In this study, the quality of the ACE-FTS version 2.2 N2O data is assessed through comparisons with coincident measurements made by other satellite, balloon-borne, aircraft, and ground-based instruments. These consist of vertical profile comparisons with the SMR, MLS, and MIPAS satellite instruments, multiple aircraft flights of ASUR, and single balloon flights of SPIRALE and FIRS-2, and partial column comparisons with a network of ground-based Fourier Transform InfraRed spectrometers (FTIRs). Between 6 and 30 km, the mean absolute differences for the satellite comparisons lie between -42 ppbv and +17 ppbv, with most within +/- 20 ppbv. This corresponds to relative deviations from the mean that are within +/- 15%, except for comparisons with MIPAS near 30 km, for which they are as large as 22.5%. Between 18 and 30 km, the mean absolute differences for the satellite comparisons are generally within +/- 10 ppbv. From 30 to 60 km, the mean absolute differences are within +/- 4 ppbv, and are mostly between -2 and +1 ppbv. Given the small N2O VMR in this region, the relative deviations from the mean are therefore large at these altitudes, with most suggesting a negative bias in the ACE-FTS data between 30 and 50 km. In the comparisons with the FTIRs, the mean relative differences between the ACE-FTS and FTIR partial columns (which cover a mean altitude range of 14 to 27 km) are within +/- 5.6% for eleven of the twelve contributing stations. This mean relative difference is negative at ten stations, suggesting a small negative bias in the ACE-FTS partial columns over the altitude regions compared. Excellent correlation (R=0.964) is observed between the ACE-FTS and FTIR partial columns, with a slope of 1.01 and an intercept of -0.20 on the line fitted to the data. C1 [Strong, K.; Wolff, M. A.; Kerzenmacher, T. E.; Walker, K. A.; Taylor, J.; Toohey, M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Walker, K. A.; Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C.; Dupuy, E.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Blumenstock, T.; Hoepfner, M.; Glatthor, N.; Mikuteit, S.; Schneider, M.; Stiller, G. P.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Blumenstock, T.; Hoepfner, M.; Glatthor, N.; Mikuteit, S.; Schneider, M.; Stiller, G. P.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Meterol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Catoire, V.; Robert, C.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, Orleans, France. [Coffey, M.; Hannigan, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [De Maziere, M.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Demoulin, P.; Duchatelet, P.; Mahieu, E.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium. [Griffith, D. W. T.; Jones, N.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Jin, J. J.; McConnell, J. C.; Semeniuk, K.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Jucks, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kuellmann, H.; Kuttippurath, J.; Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [Lambert, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mellqvist, J.; Murtagh, D. P.; Strandberg, A.; Urban, J.] Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Piccolo, C.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Raspollini, P.] Natl Res Ctr, Inst Appl Phys Nello Carrara, Florence, Italy. [Ridolfi, M.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Fis & Inorgan, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. [Schrems, O.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Tetard, C.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Wood, S.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Strong, K (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM strong@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca RI Barthlott, Sabine/B-1439-2013; Murtagh, Donal/F-8694-2011; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; Urban, Jo/F-9172-2010; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; Toohey, Matthew/G-3129-2010; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Jin, Jianjun/G-8357-2012; Glatthor, Norbert/B-2141-2013; Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013; Catoire, Valery/E-9662-2015; Jones, Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Blumenstock, Thomas/K-2263-2012; Hopfner, Michael/A-7255-2013 OI Barthlott, Sabine/0000-0003-0258-9421; Murtagh, Donal/0000-0003-1539-3559; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286; Kuttippurath, Jayanarayanan/0000-0003-4073-8918; Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; Toohey, Matthew/0000-0002-7070-405X; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Catoire, Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096; Jones, Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368; Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531 FU Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Swedish National Space Board (SNSB); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France; National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); ASUR; ESA; Swedish Space Corporation; Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC); EU; Helmholtz Association; Swedish Environmental Agency; IRF Kiruna; ProDEx; National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation; CFCAS; ABB Bomem; Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund; Premier's Excellence Research Award; University of Toronto FX Funding for the ACE mission was provided primarily by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. This work was also supported by a grant from the CSA.r Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the CSA, the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France and the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes).r Thanks to B. Bojkov of the Aura Validation Data Center (AVDC) and the Aura-MLS Data Distribution Team for access to the Aura-MLS dataset (see http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov). Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, is carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).r The IMK-IAA team thanks the European Space Agency (ESA) for providing MIPAS level 1 and 2 datasets. We would also like to acknowledge the following people for their work on the MIPAS data relevant to this validation study: T. von Clarmann, U. Grabowski, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, M. Milz, and T. Steck from IMK, and B. Funke and M. Lopez-Puertas from IAA.r The ASUR group would like to acknowledge help and support from H. Bremer, A. Kleinbohl and G. Naeveke.r The SPIRALE balloon measurements could only be performed thanks to the technical team (L. Pomathiod, B. Gaubicher, G. Jannet); the flight was funded by ESA and the French space agency CNES for the Envisat validation project; the CNES balloon launching team is greatly acknowledged for successful operations. A. Hauchecorne is acknowledged for making available the use of MIMOSA advection model and F. Coquelet for useful help in the PV calculations and ACE data formatting.r The FIRS-2 work was funded by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Program, and the launch was supported both by the NASA Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility and the Swedish Space Corporation.r All of the ground-based FTIR stations operate within the framework of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, see http://www.ndacc.org), and are nationally funded and supported. The European ground-based FTIR stations have been supported partly by the EU projects UFTIR (http://www.nilu.no/uftir), GEOMON, and HYMN. National support by the Helmholtz Association within the project PEP is acknowledged for Ny-Alesund and Bremen. The University of Bremen also acknowledges financial support from the ESA project TASTE. The Harestua measurements were also supported by the Swedish Environmental Agency. The support by the local IRF Kiruna staff is highly appreciated. The Belgian contributions to the present effort were partly supported by the ProDEx projects ACE, CINAMON and Envisat Database. Thanks are extended to the "International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat" (HFSJG, Bern, Switzerland) for hosting the Liege FTIR laboratory and for providing accommodation for the observers at the Jungfraujoch site. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. The NCAR FTIR observation program at Thule, Greenland is supported under contract by NASA. Work at the Toronto Atmospheric Observatory was supported by NSERC, CSA, CFCAS, ABB Bomem, the Ontario Research and Development Challenge Fund, the Premier's Excellence Research Award and the University of Toronto. NR 113 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 16 BP 4759 EP 4786 DI 10.5194/acp-8-4759-2008 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 343OR UT WOS:000258863900019 ER PT J AU Kaynak, B Hu, Y Martin, RV Russell, AG Choi, Y Wang, Y AF Kaynak, B. Hu, Y. Martin, R. V. Russell, A. G. Choi, Y. Wang, Y. TI The effect of lightning NOx production on surface ozone in the continental United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BACKGROUND OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT MODELS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; GENERATED NOX; STERAO-A; AIR; TROPOSPHERE; THUNDERSTORMS AB Lightning NOx emissions calculated using the US National Lightning Detection Network data were found to account for 30% of the total NOx emissions for July-August 2004, a period chosen both for having higher lightning NOx production and high ozone levels, thus maximizing the likelihood that such emissions could impact peak ozone levels. Including, such emissions led to modest, but sometimes significant increases in simulated surface ozone when using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model (CMAQ). Three model simulations were performed, two with the addition of lightning NOx emissions, and one without. Domain-wide daily maximum 8-h ozone changes due to lightning NOx were less than 2 ppbv in 71% of the cases with a maximum of 10 ppbv: whereas the difference in 1-h ozone was less than 2 ppbv in 77% of the cases with a maximum of 6 ppbv. Daily maximum 1-h and 8-h ozone for grids containing O-3 monitoring stations changed slightly, with more than 43% of the cases differing less than 2 ppbv. The greatest differences were 42 ppbv for both 1-h and 8-h O-3, though these tended to be on days of lower ozone. Lightning impacts on the season-wide maximum 1-h and 8-h averaged ozone decreased starting from the 1st to 4th highest values (an average of 4th highest, 8-h values is used for attainment demonstration in the US). Background ozone values from the y-intercept of O-3 versus NOz curve were 42.2 and 43.9 ppbv for simulations without and with lightning emissions, respectively. Results from both simulations with lightning NOx suggest that while North American lightning production of NOx can lead to Significant local impacts on a few occasions, they will have a relatively small impact on typical maximum levels and determination of Policy Relevant Background levels. C1 [Kaynak, B.; Hu, Y.; Russell, A. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Martin, R. V.] Dalhousie Univ Halifax, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Martin, R. V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Choi, Y.; Wang, Y.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Russell, AG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ted.russell@ce.gatech.edu RI Kaynak, Burcak/A-4728-2009; Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Hu, Yongtao/H-7543-2016 OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Hu, Yongtao/0000-0002-5161-0592 NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 17 BP 5151 EP 5159 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 348PC UT WOS:000259221400007 ER PT J AU Napelenok, SL Pinder, RW Gilliland, AB Martin, RV AF Napelenok, S. L. Pinder, R. W. Gilliland, A. B. Martin, R. V. TI A method for evaluating spatially-resolved NOx emissions using Kalman filter inversion, direct sensitivities, and space-based NO2 observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DECOUPLED DIRECT METHOD; AIR-QUALITY MODEL; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; GOME MEASUREMENTS; TRACE GASES; OZONE; COEFFICIENTS; RETRIEVAL; ADJOINT; SYSTEMS AB An inverse modeling method was developed and tested for identifying possible biases in emission inventories using satellite observations. The relationships between emission inputs and modeled ambient concentrations were estimated using sensitivities calculated with the decoupled direct method in three dimensions (DDM-3D) implemented within the framework of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) regional model. As a case study to test the approach, the method was applied to regional ground-level NOx emissions in the southeastern United States as constrained by observations of NO2 column densities derived from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite instrument. A controlled "pseudodata" scenario with a known solution was used to establish that the methodology can achieve the correct solution, and the approach was then applied to a summer 2004 period where the satellite data are available. The results indicate that emissions biases differ in urban and rural areas of the southeast. The method suggested slight downward (less than 10%) adjustment to urban emissions, while rural region results were found to be highly sensitive to NOx processes in the upper troposphere. As such, the bias in the rural areas is likely not solely due to biases in the groundlevel emissions. It was found that CMAQ was unable to predict the significant level of NO2 in the upper troposphere that was observed during the NASA Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX) measurement campaign. The best correlation between satellite observations and modeled NO2 column densities, as well as comparison to groundlevel observations of NO2, was obtained by performing the inverse while accounting for the significant presence of NO2 in the upper troposphere not captured by the regional model. C1 [Napelenok, S. L.; Pinder, R. W.; Gilliland, A. B.] US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Martin, R. V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Martin, R. V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Napelenok, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM napelenok.sergey@epa.gov RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445 NR 50 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 18 BP 5603 EP 5614 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 354NY UT WOS:000259647500007 ER PT J AU Mahieu, E Duchatelet, P Demoulin, P Walker, KA Dupuy, E Froidevaux, L Randall, C Catoire, V Strong, K Boone, CD Bernath, PF Blavier, JF Blumenstock, T Coffey, M De Maziere, M Griffith, D Hannigan, J Hase, F Jones, N Jucks, KW Kagawa, A Kasai, Y Mebarki, Y Mikuteit, S Nassar, R Notholt, J Rinsland, CP Robert, C Schrems, O Senten, C Smale, D Taylor, J Tetard, C Toon, GC Warneke, T Wood, SW Zander, R Servais, C AF Mahieu, E. Duchatelet, P. Demoulin, P. Walker, K. A. Dupuy, E. Froidevaux, L. Randall, C. Catoire, V. Strong, K. Boone, C. D. Bernath, P. F. Blavier, J. -F. Blumenstock, T. Coffey, M. De Maziere, M. Griffith, D. Hannigan, J. Hase, F. Jones, N. Jucks, K. W. Kagawa, A. Kasai, Y. Mebarki, Y. Mikuteit, S. Nassar, R. Notholt, J. Rinsland, C. P. Robert, C. Schrems, O. Senten, C. Smale, D. Taylor, J. Tetard, C. Toon, G. C. Warneke, T. Wood, S. W. Zander, R. Servais, C. TI Validation of ACE-FTS v2.2 measurements of HCl, HF, CCl3F and CCl2F2 using space-, balloon- and ground-based instrument observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GASES; IN-SITU SURFACE; FTIR MEASUREMENTS; STRATOSPHERIC CHLORINE; ATMOS INSTRUMENT; AURA SATELLITE; ERROR ANALYSIS; UARS PLATFORM AB Hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) are respectively the main chlorine and fluorine reservoirs in the Earth's stratosphere. Their buildup resulted from the intensive use of man-made halogenated source gases, in particular CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2), during the second half of the 20th century. It is important to continue monitoring the evolution of these source gases and reservoirs, in support of the Montreal Protocol and also indirectly of the Kyoto Protocol. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) is a space-based instrument that has been performing regular solar occultation measurements of over 30 atmospheric gases since early 2004. In this validation paper, the HCl, HF, CFC-11 and CFC-12 version 2.2 profile data products retrieved from ACE-FTS measurements are evaluated. Volume mixing ratio profiles have been compared to observations made from space by MLS and HALOE, and from stratospheric balloons by SPIRALE, FIRS-2 and Mark-IV. Partial columns derived from the ACE-FTS data were also compared to column measurements from ground-based Fourier transform instruments operated at 12 sites. ACE-FTS data recorded from March 2004 to August 2007 have been used for the comparisons. These data are representative of a variety of atmospheric and chemical situations, with sounded air masses extending from the winter vortex to summer sub-tropical conditions. Typically, the ACE-FTS products are available in the 10-50 km altitude range for HCl and HF, and in the 7-20 and 7-25 km ranges for CFC-11 and -12, respectively. For both reservoirs, comparison results indicate an agreement generally better than 5-10% above 20 km altitude, when accounting for the known offset affecting HALOE measurements of HCl and HF. Larger positive differences are however found for comparisons with single profiles from FIRS-2 and SPIRALE. For CFCs, the few coincident measurements available suggest that the differences probably remain within +/- 20%. C1 [Mahieu, E.; Duchatelet, P.; Demoulin, P.; Zander, R.; Servais, C.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, GIRPAS, Liege, Belgium. [Walker, K. A.; Strong, K.; Taylor, J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Walker, K. A.; Dupuy, E.; Boone, C. D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Froidevaux, L.; Blavier, J. -F.; Toon, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Randall, C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Catoire, V.; Mebarki, Y.; Robert, C.] Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Blumenstock, T.; Hase, F.; Mikuteit, S.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meterorol & Climate Res IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Blumenstock, T.; Hase, F.; Mikuteit, S.] Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. [De Maziere, M.; Senten, C.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Griffith, D.; Jones, N.] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Jucks, K. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kagawa, A.; Kasai, Y.] Natl Inst Commun & Informat Technol, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Nassar, R.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-2800 Bremen 33, Germany. [Schrems, O.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Smale, D.; Wood, S. W.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Lauder, Central Otago, New Zealand. [Tetard, C.] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Mahieu, E (reprint author), Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, GIRPAS, Liege, Belgium. EM emmanuel.mahieu@ulg.ac.be RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Strong, Kimberly/D-2563-2012; Blumenstock, Thomas/K-2263-2012; Hase, Frank/A-7497-2013; Catoire, Valery/E-9662-2015; Jones, Nicholas/G-5575-2011; Barthlott, Sabine/B-1439-2013; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Catoire, Valery/0000-0001-8126-3096; Jones, Nicholas/0000-0002-0111-2368; Barthlott, Sabine/0000-0003-0258-9421; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611; Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286 FU EU-projects SCOUT; GEOMON; HYMN FX Financial support by the EU-projects SCOUT, GEOMON and HYMN is further acknowledged. NR 71 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 20 BP 6199 EP 6221 DI 10.5194/acp-8-6199-2008 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 367NK UT WOS:000260558500015 ER PT J AU Lackey, JA AF Lackey, James A. TI Cotyledon areoles in subtribe Kennediinae (Leguminosae : Phaseoleae) SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN SEED COAT; FABACEAE; CELLS; ANATOMY; ANTIPIT; GLYCINE; LEGUME; PITS AB Cotyledon areoles are reported for the first time in Phaseoleae subtribe Kennediinae. All three genera, Kennedia, Hardenbergia and Vandasina, have cotyledon areoles in mature dormant seeds. The remarkably uniform seeds also consistently have an adaxial palisade layer in cotyledons and a greatly expanded middle endosperm layer, which appears to consist primarily of normal legume cell-wall galactomannan. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, NMNH, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lackey, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, NMNH, MRC 166, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM lackeyj@si.edu NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0067-1924 J9 AUST J BOT JI Aust. J. Bot. PY 2008 VL 56 IS 3 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1071/BT07184 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 303MM UT WOS:000256044600009 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML AF Buffington, Matthew L. TI A revision of Australian Thrasorinae (Hymenoptera : Figitidae) with a description of a new genus and six new species SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cynipoidea; Mikeius; new genus; new species; redescription; Thrasorus ID PHYLOGENY; CYNIPOIDEA; EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; APOCRITA; WASPS AB A new genus of Thrasorinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) is described from Australia, and includes specimens reared from an unidentified Ophelimus species (Eulophidae: Ophelimini) on Eucalyptus cinerea (Myrtaceae). Mikeius, new genus, includes six species: M. berryi sp. n., M. gatesi sp. n., M. grandawi sp. n., M. hartigi (Girault) n. comb., M. neumanni sp. n. and M. schauffi sp. n.; M. hartigi is designated as the type species of Mikeius. Thrasorus Weld is revised, and the description of T. schmidtae sp. n. is provided, as well as a redescription of T. pilosus Weld. All records to date indicate that species of Mikeius and Thrasorus are associated with hosts that induce galls on species of Acacia and Eucalyptus, although most of these host records await verification. A list of world species of Thrasorinae is provided. C1 USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, NMNH, Smithsonian Inst, 10th & Constitut Ave NW POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1326-6756 EI 1440-6055 J9 AUST J ENTOMOL JI Aust. J. Entomol. PY 2008 VL 47 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2008.00647.x PN 3 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 334MB UT WOS:000258224800006 ER PT J AU Arthur, KE Limpus, CJ Whittier, JM AF Arthur, Karen E. Limpus, Colin J. Whittier, Joan M. TI Baseline blood biochemistry of Australian green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and effects of exposure to the toxic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR PROMOTERS; POTENTIAL ROLE; QUEENSLAND; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; BAY; TELEOCIDIN; DERMATITIS; RESPONSES; RECOVERY AB Quantifying health in wild marine turtles is challenging because reptiles have characteristically wide-ranging normal reference values for many indicators of health and because of the shortage of population-specific baseline data for wild animals. We measured blood biochemistry profiles (calcium, magnesium, sodium, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose) of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Moreton and Shoalwater Bays, Australia, and compared them in relation to capture site, age, sex and exposure to harmful algal blooms of the toxic cyanobacteria Lyngbya majuscula. Turtles were considered to be clinically healthy when no external injuries or lesions were observed and there was no evidence of disease or emaciation. Differences in blood profiles were detected between sites, but not between age groups or sexes. Turtles that were exposed to L. majuscula generally had lower plasma glucose concentrations and decreased LDH activity, which may represent a metabolic downregulation resulting from food limitation. This study provides the first blood biochemistry reference values for green turtles in Queensland, Australia, that can be used in future assessments of green turtles in these foraging habitats. C1 [Arthur, Karen E.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Arthur, Karen E.] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Limpus, Colin J.] Environm Protect Agcy, Brisbane, Qld 4002, Australia. [Whittier, Joan M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Dept Anat & Dev Biol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Whittier, Joan M.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Med Sci, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. RP Arthur, KE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM arthur@si.edu RI Arthur, Karen/A-3089-2012 NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-959X J9 AUST J ZOOL JI Aust. J. Zool. PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1071/ZO08055 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 336XY UT WOS:000258401300003 ER PT J AU Guay, PJ Iwaniuk, AN AF Guay, P. -J. Iwaniuk, A. N. TI Interspecific variation in relative brain size is not correlated with intensity of sexual selection in waterfowl (Anseriformes) SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EXTRA-PAIR COPULATION; BLUE-WINGED TEAL; SPERM COMPETITION; FORCED COPULATION; TESTES SIZE; EJACULATE QUALITY; MATING SYSTEM; SOCIAL BRAIN; BIRDS; EVOLUTION AB The role of sexual selection in shaping the brain is poorly understood. Although numerous studies have investigated the role of natural selection, relatively few have focussed on the role of sexual selection. Two important factors influencing the intensity of sexual selection are sperm competition and pair bonding and three different hypotheses have been proposed to explain how they could influence relative brain size. ( 1) The 'extra-pair mating' hypothesis predicts that sexual dimorphism in brain size will increase with sperm competition intensity. ( 2) The 'Machiavellian intelligence' hypothesis predicts that brain size will be larger in species with intense sperm competition. ( 3) The 'relationship intelligence' hypothesis predicts that species forming long-term pair bonds will have larger brains. We investigated sexual dimorphism in brain size and tested these three hypotheses in waterfowl by studying correlations between relative brain volume and three measures of sperm competition ( testicular mass, phallus length and mating strategy) and pair-bond duration using the modern phylogenetic comparative approach. We found no evidence of sexual dimorphism in brain size in waterfowl after controlling for body mass and found no support for any of the three hypotheses. This suggests that brain size may not be sexually selected in waterfowl, despite evidence of sexual selection pressures on other morphological characters. C1 [Guay, P. -J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Iwaniuk, A. N.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Guay, PJ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM p.guay@zoology.unimelb.edu.au FU Department of Zoology and the Faculty of Science of the University of Melbourne; David Hay Scholarship; Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; Field Museum of Natural History; American Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Fellowship program. FX This research was supported by funding from the Department of Zoology and the Faculty of Science of the University of Melbourne, the David Hay Scholarship, le Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies, the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, the Field Museum of Natural History, the American Museum of Natural History and the Smithsonian Fellowship program. We thank the following institutions for allowing access to their collection and/or logistical help: The Auckland Museum, the Australian Museum, the Bird group of the Natural History Museum at Tring, the Bishop Museum, the Canadian Museum of Nature, the Canterbury Museum, the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Australian National Wildlife Collection, the Department of Ornithology of the American Museum of Natural History, the Field Museum of Natural History, the Florida Museum of Natural History, the McGill University Redpath Museum, le Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, the University of California Berkeley, Museum Victoria, the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, the Ornithology Department of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard University, the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, the Queensland Museum, the Royal Alberta Museum, the Royal British Columbia Museum, the Royal Ontario Museum, the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, the San Diego Natural History Museum, the Smithsonian Institution, the South Australian Museum, the University of Alaska Museum, the University of Kansas Natural History Museum, the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, the University of Washington Burke Museum, the Western Australian Museum, the Yale University Peabody Museum and the Zoology Museum of the University of Copenhagen. We also thank Raoul Mulder and Devi Stuart-Fox for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 112 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-959X J9 AUST J ZOOL JI Aust. J. Zool. PY 2008 VL 56 IS 5 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1071/ZO08082 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 413BB UT WOS:000263766800004 ER PT S AU Erwin, TL Geraci, CJ AF Erwin, Terry L. Geraci, Christy J. BE Penev, L Erwin, T Assmann, T TI New Genera of Western Hemisphere Pseudomorphini (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae) with notes on their distributions, ways of life, and hypothesized relationships SO BACK TO THE ROOTS AND BACK TO THE FUTURE: TOWARDS A NEW SYNTHESIS AMONGST TAXONOMIC, ECOLOGICAL AND BIOGEOGRAPHICAL APPROACHES IN CARABIDOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE Pensoft Series Faunistica LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th European Carabidologists Meeting CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Blagoevgrad, BULGARIA DE Carabidae; Pseudomorphini; Western Hemisphere; taxonomy; phylogeny; way of life AB The Western Hemisphere Pseudomorphini was last revised by Notman in 1925 based on only a few known species (22) and paltry few specimens (73). A recent study of collections from throughout the Americas (1360 specimens) has revealed numerous new species contained in four new genera plus the nominate genus, and a change in status of a previously described subgenus. Manumorpha n. gen. (Type species - Manumorpha biolat Erwin & Geraci, new species, Ecuador, Peru), Samiriamorpha n. gen. (Type species - Samiriamorpha grace Erwin & Geraci, new species, Peru), Yasunimorpha n. gen. (Type species - Yasunimorpha piranha Erwin & Geraci, new species, Ecuador), and Tuxtlamorpha n. gen. (Type species - Pseudomorpha tuxtla Liebheer & Will, Mexico) are described and their respective type species designated. Notopseudomorpha Baehr 1997, new status, is accorded generic rank with P. laevissima Chaudoir as type species. A summary of the contained species in each higher-level taxon and their overall distributions are provided. A genus level phylogeny for Western Pseudomorphini is inferred using maximum parsimony based on 33 adult morphology characters. C1 [Erwin, Terry L.; Geraci, Christy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Hyper Divers Grp, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Erwin, TL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Hyper Divers Grp, Dept Entomol, MRC-187,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM erwint@si.edu; geracic@si.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1312-0174 BN 978-954-642-325-2 J9 PENSOFT SER FAUNIST PY 2008 IS 75 BP 77 EP 100 PG 24 WC Biology; Entomology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Entomology GA BNN78 UT WOS:000275086200003 ER PT J AU Gusset, M Maddock, AH Gunther, GJ Szykman, M Slotow, R Walters, M Somers, MJ AF Gusset, Markus Maddock, Anthony H. Gunther, Glenn J. Szykman, Micaela Slotow, Rob Walters, Michele Somers, Michael J. TI Conflicting human interests over the re-introduction of endangered wild dogs in South Africa SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE African wild dog; attitudes; conservation education; ecotourism; human-wildlife conflict; livestock predation; Lycaon pictus; re-introduction ID HLUHLUWE-UMFOLOZI PARK; LYCAON-PICTUS; LIVESTOCK PREDATION; NATIONAL-PARK; CONSERVATION; CARNIVORES; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNITY; ATTITUDES; ZIMBABWE AB In South Africa, a plan was launched to manage separate sub-populations of endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in several small, geographically isolated, conservation areas as a single meta-population. This intensive management approach involves the re-introduction of wild dogs into suitable conservation areas and periodic translocations among them. To assess the attitudes towards re-introduced wild dogs, we conducted a questionnaire survey of multiple stakeholders-local community members, private landowners and tourists-in and around Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HiP), one of the meta-population conservation areas. Here, we document conflicting human interests over the re-introduced wild dogs. Tourists in HiP, on the one hand, expressed overwhelmingly positive opinions about wild dogs across personal details of the respondents, but especially after having seen free-ranging wild dogs. On the other hand, we found misconceptions and perceptions that were more negative among the rural population around HiP, again largely independent of personal details of the participants, although educated respondents voiced more favourable views of wild dogs. These negative attitudes were in particular due to perceived and real threats of livestock losses. In a follow-up questionnaire survey, we also discovered apparent shortcomings of a previous short-lived conservation education programme among the local communities adjacent to HiP. Consequently, the mitigation of the conflict between wild dogs and rural people requires an understanding of the conditions under which livestock predation occurs, the encouragement of practices that prevent such predation, and increasing local tolerance of co-existence with wild dogs through both economic and non-monetary incentive schemes as well as continued conservation education. C1 [Gusset, Markus; Somers, Michael J.] Univ Pretoria, Ctr Wildlife Management, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Gusset, Markus; Slotow, Rob] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Maddock, Anthony H.] Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Peterborough PE1 1JY, England. [Gunther, Glenn J.] Hluhluwe Res Ctr, ZA-3960 Hluhluwe, South Africa. [Szykman, Micaela] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Szykman, Micaela] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Walters, Michele] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Somers, Michael J.] Univ Pretoria, DST NRF Ctr Excellence Invas Biol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Somers, MJ (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Ctr Wildlife Management, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM mjs@up.ac.za RI Somers, Michael/A-1523-2008; OI Slotow, Rob/0000-0001-9469-1508; Szykman Gunther, Micaela/0000-0002-7822-8094; /0000-0002-5836-8823 NR 66 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 15 U2 57 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 83 EP 101 DI 10.1007/s10531-007-9232-0 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250LT UT WOS:000252302300007 ER PT J AU Sakai, S Wright, SJ AF Sakai, Shoko Wright, S. Joseph TI Reproductive ecology of 21 coexisting Psychotria species (Rubiaceae): when is heterostyly lost? SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; breeding system evolution; Panama; pollination; rarity; self-fertilization; tropical forest ID EICHHORNIA-PANICULATA; FLOWERING PLANTS; PHYLOGENETIC EVIDENCE; HOMOSTYLE PRIMROSES; ISLAND POPULATIONS; PRIMULA-SIEBOLDII; GENETIC-VARIATION; SELF-POLLINATION; MATING SYSTEMS; SEQUENCE DATA AB Heterostyly is a genetic polymorphism in which plant populations are composed of two or more morphs that differ in stigma and anther heights. The polymorphism promotes intermorph pollen transfer, thus outcrossing. Heterostyly has been reported in 28 angiosperm families and is frequently lost in heterostylous lineages. To assess ecological factors related to shifts from heterostyly to monomorphy, we examined the reproductive ecology of heterostylous tropical shrubs of Psychotria. Among 21 species at Barro Colorado Island and the nearby Parque Nacional Soberania, Panama, 14 species were heterostylous while seven were monomorphic. A molecular phylogeny and the existence elsewhere of heterostylous populations indicated that the breakdown of heterostyly had occurred independently. Heterostylous and monomorphic species were visited by the same bee species, although visit frequencies were lower in monomorphic species. Monomorphic species had significantly lower population density and greater fruit set than did heterostylous species. Autonomous autogamy made a large contribution to fruit set in monomorphic species and was only rarely observed in heterostylous species. The results indicate monomorphic and heterostylous species produce more seeds through selfing and outcrossing, respectively. The limitation of outcrossing as a result of low population density may be related to the breakdown of heterostyly and the evolution of selfing. (c) 2008 The Linnean Society of London. C1 [Sakai, Shoko] Kyoto Univ, Ctr Ecol Res, Otsu, Shiga 5202113, Japan. [Wright, S. Joseph] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancona, Panama. RP Sakai, S (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Ctr Ecol Res, Otsu, Shiga 5202113, Japan. EM shoko@ecology.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 61 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1 BP 125 EP 134 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 242PR UT WOS:000251738300012 ER PT J AU Santymire, RM Marinari, P Kreeger, JS Wildt, DE Howard, J AF Santymire, Rachel Moreland Marinari, Paul Kreeger, Julie S. Wildt, David E. Howard, JoGayle TI Increased sensitivity to sperm Cryopreservation in the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) compared to the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 Smithsonians Natl Zool Park Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. Natl Black Footed Ferret Conservat Ctr, Wellington, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 19 BP 55 EP 56 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300020 ER PT J AU Crosier, A Wildt, D Baker, T Davidson, A Howard, J Marker, L Comizzoli, P AF Crosier, Adrienne Wildt, David Baker, Tom Davidson, Autumn Howard, JoGayle Marker, Laurie Comizzoli, Pierre TI Ovarian and follicular metrics are useful for predicting oocyte quality in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 Smithsonians Natl Zoo, Front Royal, VA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cheetah Conservat Fund, Otjiwarongo, Namibia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 473 BP 165 EP 166 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300441 ER PT J AU Hagedorn, M Ricker, J Meyers, S Tiersch, T Kleinhas, F AF Hagedorn, Mary Ricker, Josette Meyers, Stuart Tiersch, Terrence Kleinhas, Frederick TI Biophysics of zebrafish (Danio rerio) sperm SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 543 BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300502 ER PT J AU Howard, J Kersey, D Aitken-Palmer, C Monfort, S Wildt, D AF Howard, JoGayle Kersey, David Aitken-Palmer, Copper Monfort, Steve Wildt, David TI Capacity of the giant panda to give birth after a single intrauterine insemination using precise ovulation detection SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 SI SI MA 629 BP 202 EP 203 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300585 ER PT J AU Neubauer, SC Emerson, D Megonigal, JP AF Neubauer, S. C. Emerson, D. Megonigal, J. P. BE Violante, A Huang, PM Gadd, GM TI MICROBIAL OXIDATION AND REDUCTION OF IRON IN THE ROOT ZONE AND INFLUENCES ON METAL MOBILITY SO BIOPHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF HEAVY METALS AND METALLOIDS IN SOIL ENVIRONMENTS SE Wiley-IUPAC Series in Biophysico-Chemical Processes in Environmental Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; WATER WETLAND SEDIMENTS; METHANE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; ORGANIC-CARBON OXIDATION; FE(III) OXIDE REDUCTION; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; RICE ROOTS; FRESH-WATER; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS C1 [Neubauer, S. C.] Univ S Carolina, Baruch Marine Field Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. [Megonigal, J. P.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Emerson, D.] Amer Type Culture Collect, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. RP Neubauer, SC (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Baruch Marine Field Lab, POB 1630, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. EM scott@belle.baruch.sc.edu; demerson@gmu.edu; megonigalp@si.edu NR 164 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-470-17548-4 J9 WILEY-IUPAC SER BIOP PY 2008 BP 339 EP 371 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BCJ18 UT WOS:000310275800011 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. TI Adopt a forest SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID COSTA-RICA; CONSERVATION; AMAZON C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JAN PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00391.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250SB UT WOS:000252319600002 ER PT J AU Ferraz, G Marinelli, CE Lovejoy, TE AF Ferraz, Gonccalo Marinelli, Carlos E. Lovejoy, Thomas E. TI Biological monitoring in the Amazon: Recent progress and future needs SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE environmental threats; management; observer training; spatial scale ID TROPICAL FORESTS; TIME; BIODIVERSITY; ENVIRONMENT C1 [Ferraz, Gonccalo; Lovejoy, Thomas E.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Marinelli, Carlos E.] Secretaria Estado Meio Ambiente & Desenvolvimento, BR-69050030 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Ferraz, Gonccalo] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Lovejoy, Thomas E.] H John Heinz III Ctr Sci Econ & Environm, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Ferraz, G (reprint author), Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, Av Andre Araujo 1753 Petropolis, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EM gferraz@inpa.gov.br; gferraz29@gmail.com RI Ferraz, Goncalo/C-3860-2008 OI Ferraz, Goncalo/0000-0001-8748-0462 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JAN PY 2008 VL 40 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00355.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250SB UT WOS:000252319600003 ER PT J AU Schloder, C Guzman, HM AF Schloeder, Carmen Guzman, Hector M. TI Reproductive patterns of the Caribbean coral Porites furcata (Anthozoa, Scleractinia, Poritidae) in Panama SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REEF CORALS; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ASEXUAL PRODUCTION; RED-SEA; PLANULAE; RECRUITMENT; PACIFIC; ECOLOGY; GROWTH AB The branched finger coral Porites furcata (Lamarck, 1816) is common throughout the Caribbean and is one of the dominant reef-builders of shallow habitats in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Porites furcata is a brooding species and we found male and hermaphroditic polyps in histological sections, suggesting a mixed brooding system. Planulation occurs monthly throughout the year during the new moon. Fertility varied among months, but trends were not significant. The reproduction of P. furcata appeared to be asynchronous; individuals released larvae over several days independently from each other. Mean size of larvae was 400 mu m (SD +/- 98) and the average number of larvae released by one colony (10 cm diameter) was 110 +/- 65 and ranged from 62 to 224 larvae during the week of the new and first quarter moons. C1 [Schloeder, Carmen; Guzman, Hector M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Schloeder, Carmen] Ctr Trop Marine Ecol ZMT, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Schloder, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM carmen_schloeder@hotmail.com NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 107 EP 117 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 258BE UT WOS:000252842600007 ER PT J AU Touwaide, A AF Touwaide, Alain TI BYZANTINE MEDICAL MANUSCRIPTS: TOWARD A NEW CATALOGUE SO BYZANTINISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Touwaide, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM atouwaide@hotmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C H BECKSCHE PI MUNICH 40 PA VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG WILHELMSTRASSE 9, W-8000 MUNICH 40, GERMANY SN 0007-7704 J9 BYZANTINISCHE Z JI Byz. Z. PY 2008 VL 101 IS 1 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1515/BYZS.2008.010 PG 10 WC Medieval & Renaissance Studies SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 436BS UT WOS:000265388200010 ER PT J AU Wargelin, BJ Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV AF Wargelin, B. J. Beiersdorfer, P. Brown, G. V. TI EBIT charge-exchange measurements and astrophysical applications SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Electron Beam Ion Trap CY NOV 13-15, 2006 CL Livermore National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA HO Livermore National Laboratory ID X-RAY-EMISSION; BEAM ION-TRAP; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; SELECTIVE ELECTRON-CAPTURE; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; PLASMA-SPECTROMETER CHIPS; WIND-COMET INTERACTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; GALACTIC RIDGE; XMM-NEWTON AB The past decade has seen a surge of interest in astrophysical charge exchange (CX). The impetus was the discovery of X-ray emission from comets in 1996, soon followed by the observation of CX emission in planetary atmospheres and throughout the heliosphere. Geocoronal and heliospheric CX are now recognized as contributing a considerable fraction of the soft X-ray background, and stellar-wind charge exchange is expected to occur in the astrospheres surrounding many stars. CX may also contribute to X-ray line emission in supernova remnants, the Galactic Center, and the Galactic Ridge. This article summarizes the key aspects of CX X-ray emission and its astrophysical relevance, and reviews related laboratory measurements and theoretical predictions with particular attention to spectroscopy experiments conducted on electron beam ion traps. C1 [Wargelin, B. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.; Brown, G. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wargelin, BJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bwargelin@cfa.harvard.edu NR 135 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 EI 1208-6045 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 151 EP 169 DI 10.1139/P07-125 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 271FQ UT WOS:000253774700014 ER PT J AU Olson, SL Lopez, EJM AF Olson, Storrs L. Lopez, Edgar J. Maiz TI New evidence of Ara autochthones from an archeological site in Puerto Rico: a valid species of West Indian macaw of unknown geographical origin (Aves : Psittacidae) SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Amazona; biogeography; extinction; human transport; parrots ID ISLANDS; PARROTS AB The exinct macaw Ara autochthones, previously known only from a single bone from an archaeological site on St. Croix, Virgin Islands, is here identified from several associated bones from an archaeological site in south-central Puerto Rico. The species belongs to a distinctive intermediate size-class and was larger than the Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor. It is assumed to have been endemic to the West Indies, but prehistoric interisland transport of parrots by humans makes interpreting the natural distribution of the species impossible in the absence of fossils. Historical reports of macaws elsewhere in the West Indies are rendered dubious for the same reason. C1 [Olson, Storrs L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lopez, Edgar J. Maiz] Ctr Estudios Avanzados Puerto Rico & Caribe, San Juan, PR 00902 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 343KU UT WOS:000258853300008 ER PT J AU Olson, SL Suarez, W AF Olson, Storrs L. Suarez, William TI A fossil cranium of the Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor (Aves: Psittacidae) from Villa Clara Province, Cuba SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE extinction; fossil birds; parrots; Pleistocene ID ISLANDS AB A cranium of the extinct Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor from a Quaternary sinkhole in Villa Clara Province, Cuba, is the third paleontological record for the species in Cuba or for any macaw in the West Indies. The specimen also constitutes the northern and easternmost proven occurrence of the species and adds further information bearing on the osteology and size of Ara tricolor relative to other members of the genus. Aquatic depositional environments may be important for determining the true distribution of macaws in the West Indies through the fossil record. C1 [Olson, Storrs L.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Suarez, William] Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Dept Paleogeog & Paleobiol, Havana 10100, CH, Cuba. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 287 EP 290 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 395RV UT WOS:000262542100002 ER PT S AU Cooke, R Jimenez, M Ranere, AJ AF Cooke, Richard Jimenez, Maximo Ranere, Anthony J. BE Reitz, EJ Scarry, CM Scudder, SJ TI Archaeozoology, Art, Documents, and the Life Assemblage SO CASE STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY, SECOND EDITION SE Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PANAMA; SITE C1 [Cooke, Richard; Jimenez, Maximo] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Ranere, Anthony J.] Temple Univ, Dept Anthropol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Cooke, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1568-2722 BN 978-0-387-71303-8 J9 INTERD CONTRIB ARCH PY 2008 SI 2 BP 95 EP 121 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-71303-8_6 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-71303-8 PG 27 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA BKZ45 UT WOS:000269686600006 ER PT S AU Zeder, MA Arter, SR AF Zeder, Melinda A. Arter, Susan R. BE Reitz, EJ Scarry, CM Scudder, SJ TI Meat Consumption and Bone Use in a Mississippian Village SO CASE STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY, SECOND EDITION SE Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CULTURE CONTACT C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Zeder, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1568-2722 BN 978-0-387-71303-8 J9 INTERD CONTRIB ARCH PY 2008 SI 2 BP 337 EP 355 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-71303-8_17 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-71303-8 PG 19 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA BKZ45 UT WOS:000269686600017 ER PT J AU Cowdell, P AF Cowdell, Paul BE Roper, J TI 'If Not, Shall Employ "Rough on Rats"': Identifying the Common Elements of Rat Charms SO CHARMS, CHARMERS AND CHARMING: INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ON VERBAL MAGIC SE Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Cowdell, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-58353-5 J9 PALGR HIST STUD WITC PY 2008 BP 17 EP 26 D2 10.1057/9780230583535 PG 10 WC History SC History GA BRK74 UT WOS:000282964400003 ER PT J AU Thorwirth, S Gauss, J McCarthy, MC Shindo, F Thaddeus, P AF Thorwirth, Sven Gauss, Juergen McCarthy, Michael C. Shindo, Francois Thaddeus, Patrick TI Rotational spectrum and equilibrium structure of silanethione, H(2)Si=S SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; INITIO SCF CALCULATION; FULL CCSDT MODEL; GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MATRIX; PERTURBATION; BORON AB Unsubstituted silanethione, H(2)Si=S, has been characterized experimentally for the first time by means of rotational spectroscopy; the equilibrium structure of this fundamental molecule has been evaluated through a combination of experimental data from a total of ten isotopologues and results of high-level coupled-cluster calculations. C1 [Thorwirth, Sven] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Gauss, Juergen] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [McCarthy, Michael C.; Shindo, Francois; Thaddeus, Patrick] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McCarthy, Michael C.; Shindo, Francois; Thaddeus, Patrick] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Thorwirth, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM sthorwirth@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; gauss@uni-mainz.de; mccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu RI Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011; OI Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2008 IS 42 BP 5292 EP 5294 DI 10.1039/b814558j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 368KR UT WOS:000260620500004 PM 18985187 ER PT J AU Fabbiano, G AF Fabbiano, G. TI Silent Super-Massive Black Holes SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2007 CL Vulcano, ITALY SP iAG, INAF, INTA, CESR, CNRS, Univ Tubingen, Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, IASF Roma, INAF, Dept Programas Espciales Cien Espac, DPECE INTA Madrid, E O Hulburt Ctr Space Res, HCA NRL, Max Planck Inst Extraterrestr Phys, MPE, St John Coll, CNRS UPS OMP, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayoonnements, Inst Astron Astrophys, Univ SAND I DE nuclei; X-rays: galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY BINARIES; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; ELLIPTIC NGC-821; COOLING FLOWS; DEEP CHANDRA; ACCRETION; EMISSION AB This paper reviews some recent work on high-resolution Chandra observations of inactive Super-Massive Black Holes (SMBHs) in nearby galaxies. The aim of this work is to explore observationally nuclear feedback in galaxy formation by understanding the interaction between accretion and black hole activity in these extreme quiescent nuclei. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fabbiano, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pepi@cfa.harvard.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2008 VL 8 BP 135 EP 137 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 380VI UT WOS:000261493700013 ER PT J AU Kim, DW Green, PJ Barkhouse, WA Colmenero, ER Haggard, D Kim, M Schlegel, E Silverman, JD Tananbaum, H Wilkes, BJ AF Kim, Dong-Woo Green, P. J. Barkhouse, W. A. Colmenero, E. R. Haggard, D. Kim, M. Schlegel, E. Silverman, J. D. Tananbaum, H. Wilkes, B. J. TI Chandra Multi-Wavelength Project: Normal Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2007 CL Vulcano, ITALY SP iAG, INAF, INTA, CESR, CNRS, Univ Tubingen, Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm, IASF Roma, INAF, Dept Programas Espciales Cien Espac, DPECE INTA Madrid, E O Hulburt Ctr Space Res, HCA NRL, Max Planck Inst Extraterrestr Phys, MPE, St John Coll, CNRS UPS OMP, Ctr Etude Spatiale Rayoonnements, Inst Astron Astrophys, Univ SAND I DE surveys; X-rays: galaxies ID X-RAY SOURCES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SOURCE CATALOG; DEEP FIELDS; LUMINOSITY; POPULATIONS; NORTH AB We investigate Chandra extragalactic sources, including galaxies with narrow emission line (NELG) and absorption line galaxies (ALG), but excluding broad emission line AGNs and quasars. Based on f(X)/f(O), L(X), X-ray spectral hardness and optical emission line diagnostics, we have conservatively classified normal galaxies. With our ChaMP galaxy sample (extended to include 6 years of Chandra data) and additional normal galaxies found in other X-ray surveys, we discuss their L(X)/L(B) evolution, log(N)-log(S) relationship, off-nucleus ULXs, XBONGs, and E+A galaxies. C1 [Kim, Dong-Woo; Green, P. J.; Tananbaum, H.; Wilkes, B. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Barkhouse, W. A.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Haggard, D.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kim, M.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul, South Korea. [Schlegel, E.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX USA. [Silverman, J. D.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Kim, DW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kim@cfa.harvard.edu OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2008 VL 8 BP 138 EP 142 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 380VI UT WOS:000261493700014 ER PT J AU Potvin, C Guay, B Pedroni, L AF Potvin, Catherine Guay, Bruno Pedroni, Lucio TI Is reducing emissions from deforestation financially feasible? A Panamanian case study SO CLIMATE POLICY LA English DT Article DE deforestation avoidance; developing countries; emissions reduction; market mechanisms; public policy ID TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; LAND-USE AB Since 2005, negotiations aiming at reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries (REDD) are ongoing in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Two breeds of proposed REDD mechanisms are examined: market- or fund-based. Using Panama as a case study, the comparative ability of these types of mechanisms is assessed for addressing developing countries' concerns. In Panama, the protection of 5,000 ha of forest land corresponds to an annual reduction in emissions of 3,320,000 tCO(2) e with a break-even opportunity cost of US$3,678,594. The additional costs of protection, transaction and administration would augment the overall cost by 25%. The total yearly cost of REDD for Panama would be comparable to the country's total spending for protected areas in 2005 of similar to US$3.5 million. Thus, implementing a REDD programme would double the conservation expenses of that country, underlying the crucial need to identify sufficient funding sources to sustain REDD. Our analysis suggests that none of the currently proposed mechanisms can provide the necessary incentives and flexibility to stimulate action. The proposed market-based approaches are likely to be too risky, while funds-based mechanisms lack explicit replenishment mechanisms. Alternative financial options must urgently be identified to give credibility to the ongoing efforts aimed at REDD. C1 [Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Guay, Bruno] McGill Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. [Potvin, Catherine] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Pedroni, Lucio] Trop Agr Res & Higher Educ Ctr CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. RP Potvin, C (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. EM catherine.potvin@mcgill.ca NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU JAMES & JAMES SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD/EARTHSCAN PI LONDON PA 8-12 CAMDEN HIGH STREET, NW1 0JH LONDON, ENGLAND SN 1469-3062 J9 CLIM POLICY JI Clim. Policy PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 23 EP 40 DI 10.3763/cpol.2007.0386 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 281GD UT WOS:000254484000003 ER PT S AU Pohl, T Sadeghpour, HR AF Pohl, T. Sadeghpour, H. R. BE Kanai, Y Yamazaki, Y TI Formation of Antihydrogen Rydberg atoms in strong magnetic field traps SO COLD ANTIMATTER PLASMAS AND APPLICATION TO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cold Antimatter Plasmas and Application to Fundamental Physics CY FEB 20-22, 2008 CL Okinawa, JAPAN SP RIKEN, Univ Tokyo, ITAMP DE Rydberg antimatter; antihydrogen; non-neutral plasma; three-body capture; charge transfer ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE; IONIZATION; COLLISIONS; RATIOS AB It is shown that several features of antihydrogen production in nested Penning traps can be described with accurate and efficient Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that cold deeply-bound Rydberg states of antihydrogen ((H) over bar) are produced in three-body capture in the ATRAP experiments and an additional formation mechanism-Rydberg charge transfer-, particular to the nested Penning trap geometry, is responsible for the observed fast (hot) (H) over bar atoms. Detailed description of the numerical propagation technique for following extreme close encounters is given. An analytic derivation of the power law behavior of the field ionization spectrum is provided. C1 [Pohl, T.; Sadeghpour, H. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pohl, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Pohl, Thomas/B-5133-2013 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0561-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1037 BP 194 EP 207 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BIF78 UT WOS:000259174200018 ER PT J AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. BE Pursell, C TI Technology in Space SO COMPANION TO AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Launius, Roger D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Launius, Roger D.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-47069-608-8 PY 2008 BP 275 EP 297 DI 10.1002/9780470696088.ch15 D2 10.1002/9780470696088 PG 23 WC History SC History GA BYG11 UT WOS:000298541700016 ER PT J AU Milligan, LA Rapoport, SI Cranfield, MR Dittus, W Glander, KE Oftedal, OT Power, ML Whittier, CA Bazinet, RP AF Milligan, Lauren A. Rapoport, Stanley I. Cranfield, Michael R. Dittus, Wolfgang Glander, Kenneth E. Oftedal, Olav T. Power, Michael L. Whittier, Christopher A. Bazinet, Richard P. TI Fatty acid composition of wild anthropoid primate milks SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthropoid; fatty acid; milk composition; primate ID ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; BREAST-MILK; FETAL BABOONS; INFANTS; CONVERSION; LACTATION; BRAIN; WOMEN AB Fatty acids in milk reflect the interplay between species-specific physiological mechanisms and maternal diet. Anthropoid primates (apes, Old and New World monkeys) vary in patterns of growth and development and dietary strategies. Milk fatty acid profiles also are predicted to vary widely. This study investigates milk fatty acid composition of five wild anthropoids (Alouatta palliata, Callithrix jacchus, Gorilla beringei beringei, Leontopithecus rosalia, Macaca sinica) to test the null hypothesis of a generalized anthropoid milk fatty acid composition. Milk from New and Old World monkeys had significantly more 8:0 and 10:0 than milk from apes. The leaf eating species G. b. beringei and A. paliatta had a significantly higher proportion of milk 18:3n-3, a fatty acid found primarily in plant lipids. Mean percent composition of 22:6n-3 was significantly different among monkeys and apes, but was similar to the lowest reported values for human milk. Mountain gorillas were unique among anthropoids in the high proportion of milk 20:4n-6. This seems to be unrelated to requirements of a larger brain and may instead reflect species-specific metabolic processes or an unknown source of this fatty acid in the mountain gorilla diet. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Milligan, Lauren A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Anthropol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Rapoport, Stanley I.; Bazinet, Richard P.] NIA, Brain Physiol & Metab Sect, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Cranfield, Michael R.; Whittier, Christopher A.] Mt Gorilla Vet Project, Ruhengeri Musanze, Rwanda. [Cranfield, Michael R.] Maryland Zoo, Baltimore, MD 21217 USA. [Dittus, Wolfgang] Inst Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka. [Dittus, Wolfgang] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Species Conservat Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Glander, Kenneth E.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol Anthropol & Anat, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Oftedal, Olav T.; Power, Michael L.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Nutr Lab, Species Conservat Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Whittier, Christopher A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27965 USA. [Whittier, Christopher A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27965 USA. [Bazinet, Richard P.] Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada. RP Milligan, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Anthropol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM lmilliga@ucsc.edu RI Whittier, Christopher /A-1563-2011; OI Power, Michael/0000-0002-6120-3528 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCRR NIH HHS [RR2022] NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 149 IS 1 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.08.006 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 277NI UT WOS:000254219600008 PM 17916436 ER PT J AU Moser, WE Richardson, DJ Wheeler, BA Irwin, KJ Daniels, BA Trauth, SE Klemm, DJ AF Moser, William E. Richardson, Dennis J. Wheeler, Benjamin A. Irwin, Kelly J. Daniels, Bruce A. Trauth, Stanley E. Klemm, Donald J. TI Placobdella cryptobranchii (Rhynchobdellida : glossiphoniidae) on Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi (Ozark Hellbender) in Arkansas and Missouri SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhynchobdellida; Glossiphoniidae; Placobdella cryptobranchii; Desserobdella; Ozark Hellbender; Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi; Arkansas; Missouri ID LEECH AB Placobdella cryptobranchii is a rarely collected leech of the Ozark hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi) in northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, U.S.A. Between October 2002 and August 2005, 58 hellbenders were examined from Eleven Point River (Randolph Co., Arkansas and Oregon Co., Missouri), the north fork of the White River (Ozark Co., Missouri), and the Spring River (Fulton Co., Arkansas). Forty-one of the 58 hellbenders (70.7%) were infested with 1-140 leeches with a mean intensity (+/- SD) of 8.7 (+/- 22.1) and a relative abundance (+/- SD) of 6.3 (+/- 18.9). Contingency table analysis and t-tests revealed no significant differences in prevalence and mean intensity among various years and localities sampled. Leech size did not substantially change over the time period sampled. The dorsal pigmentation of live specimens of P. cryptobranchii is described for the first time. C1 [Moser, William E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Richardson, Dennis J.] Quinnipiac Univ, EC Bio, Hamden, CT 06518 USA. [Wheeler, Benjamin A.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Benton, AR 72476 USA. [Irwin, Kelly J.] Arkansas Game & Fish Commiss, Benton, AR 72015 USA. [Daniels, Bruce A.] Smithsonian Inst, Off Informat Technol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Trauth, Stanley E.] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Klemm, Donald J.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Moser, WE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC-163,POB 37013, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moserw@si.edu; Dennis.Richardson@quinnipiac.edu; bwheeler@astate.edu; kirwin@agfc.state.ar.us; danielsb@si.edu; strauth@astate.edu; klemm.donald@epa.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 75 IS 1 BP 98 EP 101 DI 10.1654/4300.1 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 256IL UT WOS:000252721800014 ER PT S AU Belhumeur, PN Chen, DZ Feiner, S Jacobs, DW Kress, WJ Ling, HB Lopez, I Ramamoorthi, R Sheorey, S White, S Zhang, L AF Belhumeur, Peter N. Chen, Daozheng Feiner, Steven Jacobs, David W. Kress, W. John Ling, Haibin Lopez, Ida Ramamoorthi, Ravi Sheorey, Sameer White, Sean Zhang, Ling BE Forsyth, D Torr, P Zisserman, A TI Searching the World's Herbaria: A System for Visual Identification of Plant Species SO COMPUTER VISION - ECCV 2008, PT IV, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV 2008) CY OCT 12-18, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP INRIA, Ville Marseille, Reg Province Alpes Cote Azur, Deutsch Telekom Labs, Microsoft Res, Orange, INRIA, Microsoft Res, EADS, TOSHIBA, Springer ID CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM AB We describe a working computer vision System that aids in the identification of plant species. A user photographs an isolated leaf on a blank background, and the system extracts the leaf shape and matches it to the shape of leaves of known species. In a few seconds, the system displays the top matching species, along with textual descriptions and additional images. This system is currently in use by botanists at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History. The primary contributions of this paper are: a description of a working computer vision system and its user interface for an important new application area; the introduction of three new datasets containing thousands of single leaf images, each labeled by species and verified by botanists at the US National Herbarium; recognition results for two of the three leaf datasets: and descriptions throughout of practical lessons learned in constructing this system. C1 [Belhumeur, Peter N.; Feiner, Steven; Ramamoorthi, Ravi; White, Sean] Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chen, Daozheng; Jacobs, David W.; Sheorey, Sameer] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD USA. [Kress, W. John; Lopez, Ida; Zhang, Ling] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Bot, Washington, DC USA. [Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Informat Sci & Technol Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Belhumeur, PN (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. FU National Science Foundation [IIS-03-25867] FX This work was funded in part by National Science Foundation Grant IIS-03-25867, An Electronic Field Guide: Plant Exploration and Discovery in the 21st Century, and a gift from Microsoft Research. NR 25 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-88692-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5305 BP 116 EP + PN 4 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIL85 UT WOS:000260633500009 ER PT J AU Wisely, SM Santymire, RM Livieri, TM Mueting, SA Howard, J AF Wisely, Samantha M. Santymire, Rachel M. Livieri, Travis M. Mueting, Sara A. Howard, JoGayle TI Genotypic and phenotypic consequences of reintroduction history in the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE genetic monitoring; genetic restoration; population bottleneck; reintroduction; translocation ID RECENT POPULATION BOTTLENECKS; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; GENETIC RESCUE; ONE-MIGRANT; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; FITNESS; SIZE; RESTORATION AB Population augmentation with translocated individuals has been shown to alleviate the effects of bottlenecks and drift. The first step to determine whether restoration for genetic considerations is warranted is to genetically monitor reintroduced populations and compare results to those from the source. To assess the need for genetic restoration, we evaluated genetic diversity and structure of reintroduced (n = 3) and captive populations of the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). We measured genotypic changes among populations using seven microsatellite markers and compared phenotypic changes with eight morphometric characters. Results indicated that for the population which rapidly grew post-reintroduction, genetic diversity was equivalent to the captive, source population. When growth languished, only the population that was augmented yearly maintained diversity. Without augmentation, allelic diversity declined precipitously and phenotypic changes were apparent. Ferrets from the genetically depaupertate population had smaller limbs and smaller overall body size than ferrets from the two populations with greater diversity. Population divergence (F(ST) = 0.10 +/- 0.01) was surprisingly high given the common source of populations. Thus, it appears that 5-10 years of isolation resulted in both genotypic divergence and phenotypic changes to populations. We recommend translocation of 30-40 captive individuals per annum to reintroduction sites which have not become established quickly. This approach will maximize the retention of genetic diversity, yet maintain the beneficial effects of local adaptation without being swamped by immigration. C1 [Wisely, Samantha M.; Mueting, Sara A.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Santymire, Rachel M.] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Davee Ctr Epidemiol & Endocrinol, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Santymire, Rachel M.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Livieri, Travis M.] Prairie Wildlife Res, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. [Howard, JoGayle] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Wisely, SM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM wisely@ksu.edu NR 69 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2 BP 389 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s10592-007-9351-x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 277VI UT WOS:000254242400014 ER PT J AU Tian, HL Chen, XQ Wang, JX Xue, JH Wen, J Mitchell, G Zhou, SL AF Tian, Hong-Li Chen, Xiao-Qing Wang, Jian-Xiu Xue, Jian-Hua Wen, Jun Mitchell, Grant Zhou, Shi-Liang TI Development and characterization of microsatellite loci for lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Nelumbo nucifera; genetic diversity; microsatellite primers; SSR AB This paper reports the development of microsatellite primers for Nelumbo nucifera Gaerten. By screening genomic libraries enriched with 10 kinds of probes, Seventeen polymorphic loci were isolated and primers were designed. Polymorphism of these 17 loci was assessed in 24 individuals. All the 17 loci are polymorphic and the number of alleles; ranged from two to seven. Observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.0000 to 0.9176 and from 0.2837 to 0.7917 respectively. These microsatellite loci should be useful for studying the genetic diversity of N. nucifera. C1 [Tian, Hong-Li; Chen, Xiao-Qing; Wang, Jian-Xiu; Wen, Jun; Zhou, Shi-Liang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Tian, Hong-Li; Chen, Xiao-Qing; Wang, Jian-Xiu] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Xue, Jian-Hua] Daqing Normal Coll, Dept Life Sci, Daqing 163712, Peoples R China. [Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Mitchell, Grant] Liang Lian Lotus & Waterlily Farm, Bunga, NSW 2550, Australia. RP Zhou, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM slzhou@ibcas.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30121003]; Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang [C2007-19]; International Waterlily and Water Gardening Society FX We thank our colleagues Yunjuan Zuo and Jinmei Zhang for their assistance in the experiment. The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30121003), Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang province (C2007-19) and the Aquatic Plant Research Grant awarded to Grant Mitchell by the International Waterlily and Water Gardening Society. NR 6 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2008 VL 9 IS 5 BP 1385 EP 1388 DI 10.1007/s10592-007-9503-z PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 348FC UT WOS:000259195400039 ER PT B AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. BE Kleinman, DL CloudHansen, KA Matta, C Handelsman, J TI An Historical Overview of US Manned Space Exploration SO CONTROVERSIES IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2: FROM CLIMATE TO CHROMOSOMES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT; SHUTTLE; VISION C1 [Launius, Roger D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Launius, Roger D.] NASA, Washington, DC USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 139 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA BN 978-0-913113-42-4 PY 2008 BP 205 EP 236 PG 32 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC History & Philosophy of Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BOE17 UT WOS:000276362800012 ER PT S AU Tchekhovskoy, A McKinney, JC Narayan, R AF Tchekhovskoy, Alexander McKinney, Jonathan C. Narayan, Ramesh BE Axelsson, M TI Force-free Simulations of Ultra-Relativistic Jets SO COOL DISCS, HOT FLOWS: THE VARYING FACES OF ACCRETING COMPACT OBJECTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cool Discs, Hot Flows CY MAR 25-30, 2008 CL Funasdalen, SWEDEN SP Wenner Gren Fdn, Swedish Res Council, Stockholm Univ DE plasma magnetohydrodynamics; astrophysical jets; gamma-ray bursts; black holes ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; HOLE ACCRETION SYSTEMS; DOUBLE RADIO-SOURCES; BLACK-HOLES; NUMERICAL SCHEME; POYNTING JETS; ELECTRODYNAMICS; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERES; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS AB We describe time-dependent axisymmetric numerical simulations of ultrarelativistic highly-magnetized, force-free jets. The simulations follow the jet from the central engine to beyond six orders of magnitude in radius. The simulated jets are confined by an external pressure which we take to vary as a power-law with distance along the jet. We find that the radial distance over which the jet is pressure supported determines the terminal Lorentz factor. For the collapsar model of GRBs. this distance is set by the size of the progenitor star and is very large. At this distance our fiducial model generates a Lorentz factor gamma similar to 400 and a half-opening angle theta(j) similar to 2 degrees. consistent with observations of many long GRBs. Other models with slightly different parameters give gamma in the range 100 to 5000 and theta(j) from 0.1 degrees to 10 degrees, thus reproducing the range of properties inferred for GRB jets. A potentially observable feature of some of our solutions is that both gamma and the Poynting flux S are concentrated in hollow cones, with the half-opening angle of the gamma-cone theta(gamma) << theta(j) and the half-opening angle of the S-cone theta(S) = theta(j). In the case of systems such as AGN, XRBs, and short GRBs, we expect the confining medium, viz., the disk wind, to act over a shorter range of distance. This would explain the lower terminal Lorentz factor of these systems compared to long GRBs. C1 [Tchekhovskoy, Alexander; Narayan, Ramesh] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McKinney, Jonathan C.] Stanford Univ, Kavil Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tchekhovskoy, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 FU Harvard Institute for Theory and Computation Fellowship; NASA [PF7-80048, NNX08AH32G] FX We thank Vasily Beskin, Serguei Komissarov, Pawan Kumar, Matthew McQuinn, Shin Mineshige, Ehud Nakar, Tsvi Piran, and Dmitri Uzdensky for useful discussions. JCM has been supported by a Harvard Institute for Theory and Computation Fellowship and by NASA through Chandra Postdoctoral Fellowship PF7-80048 awarded by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center The simulations described in this paper were run on the BlueGene/L system at the Harvard SEAS Cyberlnfrastructures Lab. This work was supported in part by NASA grant NNX08AH32G. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0584-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1054 BP 71 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BIL28 UT WOS:000260484300007 ER PT J AU Ferrari, FD Ivanenko, VN AF Ferrari, Frank D. Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N. TI The identity of protopodal segments and the ramus of maxilla 2 of copepods (copepoda) SO CRUSTACEANA LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGES; CYCLOPOID COPEPODS; SEA; HOMOLOGIES; CRUSTACEA; ATLANTIC; FAMILY AB The protopod of the maxilla 2 of copepods is composed of a proximal syncoxa with a praecoxal endite proximally and a coxal endite distally. The basis bears two endites, and the ramus is an endopod bearing up to five segments. This interpretation is based on protopodal patterning from the point where the limb articulates with the body, and the assumption that this patterning should result in a derivable enditic configuration on the protopod of the serially homologous limbs maxilla 1 anteriorly and maxilliped posteriorly. Processes that affect the morphological diversity of maxilla 2 among copepods include: truncation of protopodal segmentation, suppression of enditic extension, truncation of endopodal segmentation, and segment elongation. Hypotheses about transformations of the basis suggest the following synapomorphies: neither endite of the basis is attenuate on maxilla 2 of Poecilostomatoida; the basis of maxilla 2 of Siphonostomatoida is elongate ventrally. C1 [Ferrari, Frank D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Invertebrate Zool Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Ferrari, FD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Invertebrate Zool Museum Support Ctr, Mrc 534,4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM ferrarif@si.edu RI Ivanenko, Viatcheslav/B-8198-2008 OI Ivanenko, Viatcheslav/0000-0003-1255-0491 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-216X EI 1568-5403 J9 CRUSTACEANA JI Crustaceana PY 2008 VL 81 IS 7 BP 823 EP 835 DI 10.1163/156854008784771702 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 333MF UT WOS:000258155900005 ER PT S AU Paul, VJ AF Paul, Valerie J. BE Hudnell, HK TI Chapter 11: Global warming and cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms SO CYANOBACTERIAL HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS: STATE OF THE SCIENCE AND RESEARCH NEEDS SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Algal Blooms - State of the Science and Research Needs CY SEP 06-10, 2005 CL Research Triangle Park, NC ID MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; MARINE CYANOBACTERIUM; LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HEPATOTOXIN PRODUCTION; TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CHEMICAL DEFENSES; MASS EXTINCTION; WORLDS OCEANS AB The Earth and the oceans have warmed significantly over the past four decades, providing evidence that the Earth is undergoing long-term climate change. Increasing temperatures and changing rainfall patterns have been documented. Cyanobacteria have a long evolutionary history, with their first occurrence dating back at least 2.7 billion years ago. Cyanobacteria often dominated the oceans after past mass extinction events. They evolved under anoxic conditions and are well adapted to environmental stress including exposure to UV, high solar radiation and temperatures, scarce and abundant nutrients. These environmental conditions favor the dominance of cyanobacteria in many aquatic habitats, from freshwater to marine ecosystems. A few studies have examined the ecological consequences of global warming on cyanobacteria and other phytoplankton over the past decades in freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments, with varying results. The responses of cyanobacteria to changing environmental patterns associated with global climate change are important subjects for future research. Results of this research will have ecological and biogeochemical significance as well as management implications. C1 Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Paul, VJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM paul@sms.si.edu NR 89 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 43 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-0-387-75864-0 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2008 VL 619 BP 239 EP 257 PG 19 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BHO77 UT WOS:000254893200018 PM 18461772 ER PT S AU Heinke, CO Deloye, CJ Jonker, PG Wijnands, R Taam, RR AF Heinke, C. O. Deloye, C. J. Jonker, P. G. Wijnands, R. Taam, R. R. BE Wijnands, R Altamirano, D Soleri, P Degenaar, N Rea, N Casella, P Patruno, A Linares, M TI X-ray and Optical Studies of SAX J1808.4-3658 in Quiescence SO DECADE OF ACCRETING MILLISECOND X-RAY PULSARS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Decade of Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsars CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Netherlands Res Sch Astron, Netherlands Org Sci Res, Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek DE neutron star; X-ray binary; accretion; neutrino physics ID NEUTRON-STAR; MILLISECOND PULSAR; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER-47 TUCANAE; SAX-J1808.4-3658; COUNTERPART; EMISSION; BURSTS; COLD; SPIN AB We have observed the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658 (1808) in quiescence during two 50 ksec XMM-Newton observations, and acquired near-simultaneous photometry with Gemini South. We find 1808's X-ray spectrum to be hard, describable with an absorbed power-law of photon index 1.7-1.9 and unabsorbed X-ray luminosity L-X = 5.2 - 7.9 x 10(31) ergs s(-1). No thermal neutron star (NS) component is seen, with a limit on any possible NS component of L-NS(0.01-10 keV)< 6.2 x 10(30) ergs s(-1). (However, an alternative thermal plasma continuum model for 1808 allows a NS component with up to L-NS(0.01-10 keV)= 1.3(-0.8)(+0.6) x 10(31) ergs/s.) This constraint, combined with 1808's accretion history, requires highly enhanced neutrino cooling in the core of 1808's NS. The near-simultaneous Gemini observations find a large sinusoidal flux modulation on 1808's orbital period. consistent with predictions from an irradiated secondary star. We model tine contributions of the disk and donor stir, and find that the donor must be irradiated by an external flux of L-irr = 1.15 - 1.78 x 10(34) ergs/s, much larger than observed in the X-ray band. This irradiation may be in the form of relativistic particles from the NS turning on as a radio pulsar when not accreting, as suggested by Burderi et al. The amplitude and color dependence of the optical modulation constrain the system inclination and donor radius. These constraints, through the pulsar mass function, deliver constraints oat the NS mass of M-NS > 2.2 M-circle dot. or for a distance uncertainty 10% larger, of M-NS > 1.8 M-circle dot. Such a heavy NS is consistent with the accelerated neutrino cooling found from tine X-ray observations. C1 [Heinke, C. O.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, 11322-89 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Deloye, C. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. [Deloye, C. J.; Taam, R. R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astronom, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Jonker, P. G.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jonker, P. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wijnands, R.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Taam, R. R.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ TIARA, ASIAA, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Heinke, CO (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, 11322-89 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. FU Lindheimer Postdoctoral Fellowship at Northwestern University; NASA [G07-8078X, G08-9053X, G08-9085X, TM7-8007X, NNX06AH62G]; University of Alberta startup funds; Academica Sinica; National Science Council Excellence Projects program in Taiwan [NSC 96-2752-M-007-007-PAE]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research FX We thank J. Orosz for supplying the ELC code and assistance in using it, and A. Bonanos for assistance with ISIS. COH was supported by the Lindheimer Postdoctoral Fellowship at Northwestern University, NASA Chandra grants G07-8078X, G08-9053X, and G08-9085X, and University of Alberta startup funds. CJD was supported by NASA Chandra grant TM7-8007X and NASA XMM grant NNX06AH62G. RET was supported in part by the Theoretical Institute for Advanced Research in Astrophysics (TIARA) operated under Academica Sinica and the National Science Council Excellence Projects program in Taiwan administered through grant # NSC 96-2752-M-007-007-PAE. PGJ was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. This work was based in part on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini Partnership, and on observations obtained with XMMNewton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA member states and NASA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0599-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1068 BP 209 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIR93 UT WOS:000262363000030 ER PT S AU Russell, DM Fender, RP Jonker, P Maitra, D AF Russell, D. M. Fender, R. P. Jonker, P. Maitra, D. BE Wijnands, R Altamirano, D Soleri, P Degenaar, N Rea, N Casella, P Patruno, A Linares, M TI Spectral evidence for jets from Accreting Millisecond X-ray Pulsars SO DECADE OF ACCRETING MILLISECOND X-RAY PULSARS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Decade of Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsars CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Netherlands Res Sch Astron, Netherlands Org Sci Res, Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek DE accretion; accretion disks; jets and outflows; multi-wavelength ID SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; COMPACT JET; BINARIES; MULTIWAVELENGTH; CYGNUS-X-1; OUTBURST; GX-339-4 AB Transient radio emission from X-ray binaries is associated with synchrotron emission from collimated jets that escape the system, and accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars (AMMPs) are no exception. Although jets from black hole X-ray binaries are well-studied, those from neutron star systems appear much fainter. for reasons yet uncertain. Jets are usually undetectable at higher frequencies because of the relative brightness of other components such as the accretion disk. AMXPs generally have small orbital separations compared with other X-ray binaries and as such their disks are relatively faint. Here, I present data that imply jets in fact dominate the radio-to-optical spectrum of outbursting AMXPs. They therefore may provide the best opportunity to study the behavior of jets produced by accreting neutron stars, and compare then to those produced by black hole systems. C1 [Russell, D. M.; Maitra, D.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Fender, R. P.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Jonker, P.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Jonker, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Russell, DM (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0599-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1068 BP 221 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIR93 UT WOS:000262363000032 ER PT J AU Felley, JD Vecchione, M Wilson, RR AF Felley, J. D. Vecchione, M. Wilson, R. R., Jr. TI Small-scale distribution of deep-sea demersal nekton and other megafauna in the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE deep-ocean habitats; submersibles; video; dispersion; substrates ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; EPIBENTHIC MEGAFAUNA; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; FISH; HABITAT; BEHAVIOR; REEFS; BASIN AB Videotapes from manned submersibles diving in the area of the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were used to investigate the distribution of fishes, large crustaceans, epifaunal and sessile organisms, and environmental features along a series of transects. Submersibles MIR 1 and MIR 2 conducted paired dives in an area of mixed sediment and rock (beginning depth Ca. 3000 m) and on a large pocket of abyssal-like sediments (depth ca. 4000 m). In the shallower area, the submersibles passed over extremely heterogeneous terrain with a diversity of nekton, epifaunal forms and sessile forms. In the first pair of dives, MIR 1 rose along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 3000 to 1700 m, while MIR 2 remained near the 3000 m isobath. Nekton seen in these relatively shallow dives included large and small macrourids (genus Coryphaenoides), shrimp (infraorder Penaeidea), Halosauropsis macrochir, Aldrovandia sp., Antimora rostrata, and alepocephalids. The last two were more characteristic of the upper areas of the slope reached by MIR 1, as it rose along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to depths less than 3000 m. Distributions of some forms seemed associated with depth and/or the presence of hard substrate. Sessile organisms such as sponges and large cnidaria were more likely to be found in rocky areas. The second pair of dives occurred in an abyssal area and the submersibles passed over sediment-covered plains, with little relief and many fewer countable organisms and features. The most evident of these were holes, mounds, small cerianthid anemones, small macrourids and the holothurian Benthodytes sp. A few large macrourids and shrimp also were seen in these deeper dives, as well as squat lobsters (Munidopsis sp.). Sponges and larger cnidaria were mostly associated with a few small areas of rocky substrate. Holes and mounds showed distributions Suggesting large-scale patterning. Over all dives, most sessile and epifaunal forms showed clumped distributions. However, large holothurians and large nekton often had distributions not significantly different from random. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Felley, J. D.] Smithsonian Inst, Off Chief Informat Officer, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Vecchione, M.] NOAA, NMFS Syst Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wilson, R. R., Jr.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Felley, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Off Chief Informat Officer, MRC 503, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM felleyj@si.edu; vecchioin@si.edu; rwilsonl@csulb.edu NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.09.021 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 262VT UT WOS:000253176800014 ER PT S AU Labeyrie, G Gattobigio, GL Pohl, T Kaiser, R AF Labeyrie, G. Gattobigio, G. L. Pohl, T. Kaiser, R. BE Campa, A Glansanti, A Morigi, G Labini, FS TI Long range interactions in magneto-optical traps SO DYNAMICS AND THERMODYNAMICS OF SYSTEMS WITH LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS: THEORY AND EXPERIMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Systems with Long-Range Interactions CY JUL 04-08, 2007 CL Assisi, ITALY SP Int Cold Atom Network, CNRS, Natl Inst Nucl Phys, NIH, Italy, Univ Roma La Sapienza, Univ Brescia, Univ Florence, Italian Minist Univ & Res ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; RADIATION PRESSURE; NEUTRAL ATOMS; SODIUM ATOMS; VAPOR CELL; GAS; INSTABILITIES; BEHAVIOR AB We present in this paper a review of our work on the impact of long-range interactions on the static and dynamic behaviors of magneto-optical traps (MOT) for neutral atoms. In such systems, all forces (confinement and interaction) are mediated by light. The most obvious signature of long-range interactions is the dependence of the MOT size with number N of trapped atoms. We study in detail the scaling laws for the MOT size versus N, in a range of large N >> 10(8). We then show that the competition between confinement and repulsive interaction can lead, for N large, to a new dynamical instability characterized by spontaneous, self-sustained oscillations of the MOT. This instability is investigated experimentally and theoretically, using both a simple analytical model and a more refined numerical one. C1 [Labeyrie, G.; Gattobigio, G. L.; Kaiser, R.] CNRS, Inst Non Lineaire Nice, UMR 6618, 1361 Route Lucioles, F-06560 Valbonne, France. [Pohl, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Labeyrie, G (reprint author), CNRS, Inst Non Lineaire Nice, UMR 6618, 1361 Route Lucioles, F-06560 Valbonne, France. RI kaiser, robin/J-3641-2014 OI kaiser, robin/0000-0001-5194-3680 FU CNRS, PACA; NSF FX We acknowledge financial support by the CNRS, PACA region, and by NSF through a grant to ITAMP. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0488-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 970 BP 303 EP + PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BHG51 UT WOS:000252961200018 ER PT J AU Kaspari, M Garcia, MN Harms, KE Santana, M Wright, SJ Yavitt, JB AF Kaspari, Michael Garcia, Milton N. Harms, Kyle E. Santana, Mirna Wright, S. Joseph Yavitt, Joseph B. TI Multiple nutrients limit litterfall and decomposition in a tropical forest SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; decomposition; fungi; K; Liebig's law of the minimum; litter; Mg; micronutrients; N, P, reproduction; tropical forest; Zn ID FINE-ROOT BIOMASS; RAIN-FOREST; PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION; SOIL PROPERTIES; COMMON GARDEN; BOTTOM-UP; NITROGEN; TREE; RESPONSES; GROWTH AB To explore the importance of 12 elements in litter production and decomposition, we fertilized 36 1600 m(2)-plots with combinations of N, P, K, or micronutrients (i.e. B, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, S, Zn) for 6 years in a lowland Panamanian forest. The 90% of litter falling as leaves and twigs failed to increase with fertilization, but reproductive litter (fruits and flowers) increased by 43% with N. K enhanced cellulose decomposition; one or more micronutrients enhanced leaf-litter decomposition; P enhanced both. Our results suggest tropical forests are a non-Liebig world of multiple nutrient limitations, with at least four elements shaping rates of litterfall and decomposition. Multiple metallomic enzymes and cofactors likely create gradients in the break down of leaf litter. Selection favours individuals that make more propagules, and even in an N-rich forest, N is a non-substitutable resource for reproduction. C1 [Kaspari, Michael] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, EEB Grad Program, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kaspari, Michael; Garcia, Milton N.; Harms, Kyle E.; Wright, S. Joseph] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Panama. [Harms, Kyle E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Santana, Mirna] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Yavitt, Joseph B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kaspari, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, EEB Grad Program, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM mkaspari@ou.edu RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Kaspari, Michael/0000-0002-9717-5768 NR 58 TC 175 Z9 189 U1 12 U2 135 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 11 IS 1 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01124.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 241AO UT WOS:000251629500004 PM 18021246 ER PT J AU Runcie, JW Gurgel, CFD Mcdermid, KJ AF Runcie, John W. Gurgel, Carlos F. D. Mcdermid, Karla J. TI In situ photosynthetic rates of tropical marine macroalgae at their lower depth limit SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll fluorescence; deepwater; electron transport rate; epilithic macroalgae; Corallinales; Hawai'i; in situ; effective quantum yield; Ulva ID RAPID LIGHT CURVES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; UNCHARTED SEAMOUNT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DISCRIMINATION; REQUIREMENTS; PRODUCTIVITY; FLUORESCENCE; MACROPHYTES; ABUNDANCE AB Most photophysiological studies of marine macroalgae have focussed on algae in waters shallower than 30 m. However some species are abundant at depths in excess of 100 m with irradiances less than 1 mol photons m-2 s-1. We examined, for the first time, the in situ efficiency of photochemical energy conversion of a variety of epilithic macroalgal species at depths from 86 to 201 m using a piloted submersible and multiple-turnover modulated chlorophyll fluorescence measurements based on the PAM technique. The irradiance at which electron transport rate reached a maximum (Ek) for green algae declined from 50 mol photons m-2 s-1 (at 90 m) to less than 10 mol photons m-2 s-1 at their lower depth limit of 140 m; photochemical quenching in response to light exposure declined markedly at depths below 100 m, while non-photochemical quenching remained low at all depths, indicating minimal photoprotective capacity in these algae. Values of Ek for encrusting Corallinales at 201 m were 4 mol photons m-2 s-1, which exceeded by 400 times the maximum ambient irradiance at that depth. In the short term, the deep-water red algae examined (in particular the encrusting species) were able to tolerate and take advantage of irradiances orders of magnitude greater than the estimated noonday surface irradiance. Non-photochemical quenching of the red algae also increased with depth, indicating these algae retain their capacity for coping with high light even when in very deep waters. Carbon stable isotope data of deep algae confirmed the diffusion of inorganic carbon with its minimal energy requirement is probably the primary means of inorganic carbon uptake. The observed lower depth limits of selected macroalgae at Penguin Bank are shallower than depth limits for comparable species reported in the literature. Occasional smothering of algae by sediment, observed at Penguin Bank, would reduce the annual photon dose, thereby reducing the depth limit. C1 [Runcie, John W.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Gurgel, Carlos F. D.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Mcdermid, Karla J.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Runcie, JW (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM jruncie@usyd.edu.au RI Gurgel, Carlos/E-6897-2014; OI Gurgel, Carlos/0000-0003-3989-1704; Gurgel, Carlos Frederico Deluqui/0000-0002-7321-6115 FU Australian Academy of Science; NOAA FX The authors thank Terri Rust and Frank Sansone for their help in sample analysis, the captain and crew of the R/V Kaimikai-o-Kanaloa, and in particular the Hawai'i Undersea Research Laboratory ( HURL) submersible operations team for their support, especially the submersible pilots, Terry Kerby and Max Cremer. We thank the Australian Antarctic Division for the loan of the submersible fluorometers. JWR was supported in 2006 by an Australian Academy of Science travel grant. This study corresponds to Smithsonian Marine Station contribution 729. This study was funded by a grant from the NOAA Undersea Research Program to KJM and JWR. The authors acknowledge helpful comments from anonymous reviewers. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0967-0262 J9 EUR J PHYCOL JI Eur. J. Phycol. PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 377 EP 388 AR PII 906059091 DI 10.1080/09670260801979303 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 376PE UT WOS:000261194700005 ER PT S AU Wang, Z Bush, S McElroy, D Minchin, R AF Wang, Zhong Bush, Stephanie McElroy, Doug Minchin, Robert BE Minchin, R Momjian, E TI Infrared and ultraviolet observations of VIRGOHI 21 and NGC 4254's outer disk SO EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES THROUGH THE NEUTRAL HYDROGEN WINDOW SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Evolution of Galaxies Through the Neutral Hydrogen Window CY FEB 01-03, 2008 CL Arecibo, PR SP Natl Astron & Lonosphere Ctr, Natl Radio Aston Observ DE XUV disk; galaxy interaction; Galex; Spitzer; HI ID FAST-ALPHA SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION; NEARBY GALAXIES; CLUSTER; GALEX; M83 AB We present the results of Spitzer and Galex observations of gas/dust and star formation activities in the extreme outer disk of Virgo galaxy NGC 4254 and its surrounding regions. These observations were motivated in part by the potential existence of a "dark galaxy'' in the vicinity. In the intergalactic VIRGOHI 21 region where the free-floating HI gas is found, neither UV nor mid-IR shows corresponding emission, thus providing stringent upper limits on the stellar mass and star formation rate in these clouds. On the other hand, we find clearly discernible excess ultraviolet emission in parts of the extended disk of NGC 4254, which is yet unseen in the optical and infrared. These UV emission appears different from the so-called ''XUV disks" of other nearby galaxies in both their distribution pattern and physical origin, which we suggest is directly related to the gas concentration of VIRGOHI 21. C1 [Wang, Zhong] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bush, Stephanie] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McElroy, Doug] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Minchin, Robert] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Minchin, Robert/F-6343-2012 OI Minchin, Robert/0000-0002-1261-6641 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0558-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1035 BP 211 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BID17 UT WOS:000258503000038 ER PT J AU Janis, CM Gunnell, GF Uhen, MD AF Janis, Christine M. Gunnell, Gregg F. Uhen, Mark D. BA Janis, CM Gunnell, GF Uhen, MD BF Janis, CM Gunnell, GF Uhen, MD TI Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America Introduction SO EVOLUTION OF TERTIARY MAMMALS OF NORTH AMERICA, VOL 2: SMALL MAMMALS, XENARTHRANS, AND MARINE MAMMALS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Janis, Christine M.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Gunnell, Gregg F.] Univ Michigan, Museum Paleontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Uhen, Mark D.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Janis, CM (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, POB G-B207, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-78117-6 PY 2008 BP 1 EP 6 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511541438 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology; Zoology GA BBV42 UT WOS:000308321200001 ER PT J AU Uhen, MD AF Uhen, Mark D. BA Janis, CM Gunnell, GF Uhen, MD BF Janis, CM Gunnell, GF Uhen, MD TI Marine mammals summary SO EVOLUTION OF TERTIARY MAMMALS OF NORTH AMERICA, VOL 2: SMALL MAMMALS, XENARTHRANS, AND MARINE MAMMALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHANDLER BRIDGE FORMATIONS; LATE OLIGOCENE ASHLEY; SOUTH-CAROLINA; LATE EOCENE; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; CETACEA; WHALES; ARTIODACTYLS; PINNIPEDS; ORIGIN C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Uhen, MD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, POB 3701, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-78117-6 PY 2008 BP 507 EP 522 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511541438 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology; Zoology GA BBV42 UT WOS:000308321200031 ER PT J AU Uhen, MD AF Uhen, Mark D. BA Janis, CM Gunnell, GF Uhen, MD BF Janis, CM Gunnell, GF Uhen, MD TI Archaeoceti SO EVOLUTION OF TERTIARY MAMMALS OF NORTH AMERICA, VOL 2: SMALL MAMMALS, XENARTHRANS, AND MARINE MAMMALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MIDDLE EOCENE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; CETACEA; WHALES; MAMMALIA; ORIGIN C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Uhen, MD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, POB 3701, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-78117-6 PY 2008 BP 557 EP 565 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511541438 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology; Zoology GA BBV42 UT WOS:000308321200034 ER PT J AU Uhen, MD Fordyce, RE Barnes, LG AF Uhen, Mark D. Fordyce, R. Ewan Barnes, Lawrence G. BA Janis, CM Gunnell, GF Uhen, MD BF Janis, CM Gunnell, GF Uhen, MD TI Odontoceti SO EVOLUTION OF TERTIARY MAMMALS OF NORTH AMERICA, VOL 2: SMALL MAMMALS, XENARTHRANS, AND MARINE MAMMALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TOOTHED WHALES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CETACEAN LINEAGES; RIVER DOLPHINS; MARINE MAMMALS; MIDDLE MIOCENE; LOWER PLIOCENE; SPERM-WHALES; PERU; PHOCOENIDAE C1 [Uhen, Mark D.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Fordyce, R. Ewan] Univ Otago, Dept Geol, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Barnes, Lawrence G.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Dept Vertebrate Paleontol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. RP Uhen, MD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, POB 3701, Washington, DC 20013 USA. OI Fordyce, Ewan/0000-0002-2656-730X NR 258 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-78117-6 PY 2008 BP 566 EP 606 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511541438 PG 41 WC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology; Zoology GA BBV42 UT WOS:000308321200035 ER PT J AU Uhen, MD Fordyce, RE Barnes, LG AF Uhen, Mark D. Fordyce, R. Ewan Barnes, Lawrence G. BA Janis, CM Gunnell, GF Uhen, MD BF Janis, CM Gunnell, GF Uhen, MD TI Mysticeti SO EVOLUTION OF TERTIARY MAMMALS OF NORTH AMERICA, VOL 2: SMALL MAMMALS, XENARTHRANS, AND MARINE MAMMALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; FOSSIL WHALE; LATE EOCENE; CETACEA; PHYLOGENY; MAMMALIA; MIOCENE; MITOCHONDRIAL; VIRGINIA; PLIOCENE C1 [Uhen, Mark D.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Fordyce, R. Ewan] Univ Otago, Dept Geol, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Barnes, Lawrence G.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Dept Vertebrate Paleontol, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. RP Uhen, MD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, POB 3701, Washington, DC 20013 USA. OI Fordyce, Ewan/0000-0002-2656-730X NR 133 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-78117-6 PY 2008 BP 607 EP 628 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511541438 PG 22 WC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology; Zoology GA BBV42 UT WOS:000308321200036 ER PT B AU Knutson, HA AF Knutson, H. A. BE Fischer, D Rasio, FA Thorsett, SE Wolszczan, A TI Mapping the Atmospheres of Hot Jupiters SO EXTREME SOLAR SYSTEMS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Solar Systems CY JUN 25-29, 2007 CL Santorini, GREECE SP NASA Astrobiol Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, NW Univ, Penn State Univ ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET ATMOSPHERE; HD 209458B; THERMAL EMISSION; EVOLUTION; SPECTRUM; ECLIPSE; 189733B; PERIOD AB We present the results of recent, observations of phase-dependent variations in brightness designed to characterize the atmospheres of hot Jupiters. In particular, we focus on recent observations of the transiting planet HD 189733b at 8 pin using the Spitzer Space Telescope, which allow us to determine the efficiency of the day-night circulation on this planet, and estimate the longitudinal positions of hot and cold regions in the atmosphere. We discuss the implications of these observations in the context of two other successful detections of more sparsely-sampled phase variations for the non-transiting systems v and b and HD 179949b, which imply a potential diversity in the properties of the atmospheres of hot Jupiters. Lastly, we highlight several upcoming Spitzer observations that, will extend this sample to additional wavelengths and more transiting systems in the near future. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Knutson, HA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St MS 10, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-666-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 398 BP 363 EP 372 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIM16 UT WOS:000260672400054 ER PT B AU Latham, DW AF Latham, David W. BE Fischer, D Rasio, FA Thorsett, SE Wolszczan, A TI Kepler and Follow-Up Science SO EXTREME SOLAR SYSTEMS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Solar Systems CY JUN 25-29, 2007 CL Santorini, GREECE SP NASA Astrobiol Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, NW Univ, Penn State Univ ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET AB NASA's Kepler mission will be capable of detecting transits of Earth-sized planets in front of Sun-sized stars, extending out to planets in Earth-like orbits. The challenge will be to determine spectroscopic orbits of the host stars accurately enough so that the masses and radii of the planetary companions can be used to deduce something about the structure and composition of the planets. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Latham, DW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-666-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 398 BP 461 EP 466 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIM16 UT WOS:000260672400066 ER PT B AU Valencia, D O'Connell, RJ Sasselov, DD AF Valencia, D. O'Connell, R. J. Sasselov, D. D. BE Fischer, D Rasio, FA Thorsett, SE Wolszczan, A TI Super-Earths' Evolution: Towards Habitability SO EXTREME SOLAR SYSTEMS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Solar Systems CY JUN 25-29, 2007 CL Santorini, GREECE SP NASA Astrobiol Inst, Natl Sci Fdn, Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, NW Univ, Penn State Univ ID INTERNAL STRUCTURE; TECTONICS; VENUS; STRENGTH; PLANETS; MODELS; WATER AB In the last two years, five super-Earths (planets with masses between 1-10 M-circle plus) have been discovered and many more will follow with CoRoT, Kepler and MEarth projects. Some super-Earths may conveniently orbit in the 'habitable' zone but only their thermo-chemical evolution will determine if, in fact, they are habitable. The tectonic and thermal evolution will determine the planet's surface conditions. In turn, their thermal evolution is highly influence by the mode, of convection. Earth is the only planet in the Solar System with plate tectonics and this mode of convection, owing to its connection to geochemical cycles, has been associated with the existence of life on our planet. We show that super-Earths should also exhibit plate tectonics. Massive terrestrial planets will have larger convective driving forces that can overcome lithospheric resistance to deformation, and thinner lithospheres that are therefore weaker. These effects contribute favorably to the subduction of the lithosphere, an essential component of plate tectonics. Super-Earths are good candidates in the search for habitable worlds. C1 [Valencia, D.; O'Connell, R. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Valencia, D.; O'Connell, R. J.; Sasselov, D. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Valencia, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; Valencia, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-666-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 398 BP 513 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIM16 UT WOS:000260672400074 ER PT B AU Reale, F Parenti, S Reeves, KK Weber, M Bobra, MG Barbera, M Kano, R Narukage, N Shimojo, M Sakao, T Peres, G Golub, L AF Reale, Fabio Parenti, Susanna Reeves, Kathy K. Weber, Mark Bobra, Monica G. Barbera, Marco Kano, Ryouhei Narukage, Noriyuki Shimojo, Masumi Sakao, Taro Peres, Giovanni Golub, Leon BE Matthews, SA Davis, JM Harra, LK TI Hinode/XRT Diagnostics of Loop Thermal Structure SO FIRST RESULTS FROM HINODE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on First Results from Hinode CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, IRELAND HO Trinity Coll Dublin ID X-RAY TELESCOPE AB We investigate possible diagnostics of the thermal structure of coronal loops from Hinode/XRT observations made with several filters. We consider the observation of an active region with five filters. We study various possible combinations of filter data to optimize for sensitivity to thermal structure and for signal enhancement. C1 [Reale, Fabio; Barbera, Marco; Peres, Giovanni] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, Sez Astron, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Reale, Fabio; Peres, Giovanni] INAF, Osserv Astron Palermo, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Parenti, Susanna] Royal Oberva Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Reeves, Kathy K.; Weber, Mark; Bobra, Monica G.; Golub, Leon] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kano, Ryouhei] Natl Astron Obsev, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Narukage, Noriyuki; Sakao, Taro] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Shimojo, Masumi] Nat Astron Observ, Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, Minamimaki, Nagano 3841305, Japan. RP Reale, F (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, Sez Astron, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014 FU Italian Ministero dell'Universitit e Ricera and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI); NASA [NNMO7AAO2C]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office through the ESA-PRODEX progranune; International Space Science Institute in the frame-work of an international working team FX Hirmodc is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as inter-national partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and NSC INorway). FR, CP and MB acknowledge support from Italian Ministero dell'Universitit e Ricera and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI). US members of the XRT team are sup-ported by NASA contract NNMO7AAO2C to SAO. SP acknowledge the support from the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office through the ESA-PRODEX progranune. This work was pCially supported by the International Space Science Institute in the frame-work of an international working team. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-664-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 397 BP 50 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIK74 UT WOS:000260431200013 ER PT B AU Korreck, KE Reeves, KK Kozarev, K Schwadron, NA AF Korreck, K. E. Reeves, K. K. Kozarev, K. Schwadron, N. A. BE Matthews, SA Davis, JM Harra, LK TI Relating X-ray Luminosity of Flares Observed by XRT to Magnetic Flux and the Solar Wind SO FIRST RESULTS FROM HINODE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on First Results from Hinode CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, IRELAND HO Trinity Coll Dublin AB The X-ray Telescope (XRT) on-board Hinode shows stunning images of reconnection events associated with flares. These flares release a large fraction of their energy in the EUV and X-rays. In a recent paper by Schwadron et al. (2006), the relationship between x-ray luminosity, magnetic flux and the power available for solar wind acceleration was explored. Using Hinode XRT data from AR 10960 and complementary magnetic field data, we examine the x-ray luminosity with respect to the magnetic field flux. These results are compared with the predicted power of the solar wind and measurements taken at the ACE spacecraft at 1AU. C1 [Korreck, K. E.; Reeves, K. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kozarev, K.; Schwadron, N. A.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Korreck, KE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-664-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 397 BP 106 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIK74 UT WOS:000260431200025 ER PT B AU Hudson, HS Hannah, IG DeLuca, EE Weber, M AF Hudson, H. S. Hannah, I. G. DeLuca, E. E. Weber, M. BE Matthews, SA Davis, JM Harra, LK TI Physical Conditions in Coronal Structures About to Flare SO FIRST RESULTS FROM HINODE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on First Results from Hinode CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, IRELAND HO Trinity Coll Dublin AB We use Hinode observations to study coronal structures about to flare, based on their apparent footpoints as a guide to identification. The high resolution and excellent stability of the Hinode observations makes the identifications much more precise than those done with the soft, X-ray telescope (SXT) on board Yohkoh. The physical conditions in the coronal structure about to flare are important in understanding the nature of the plasma processes leading to the eruption. We find examples of soft X-ray microflares that agree with the SXT conclusions: the structure is essentially invisible prior to the flare in most cases. We present air estimation of preflare temperature and density and find that in these cases, the flare appears to happen in flux tubes with undetectably low electron density, less than similar to 10(8) cm(-3). A similar program with the full instrument set of Hinode would be extremely powerful, owing to the broad temperature coverage available. C1 [Hudson, H. S.; Hannah, I. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [DeLuca, E. E.; Weber, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hudson, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hannah, Iain/F-1972-2011 OI Hannah, Iain/0000-0003-1193-8603 FU NASA [NAG5-12878, NAS5-38099, NNM07AA02C]; (HSH IH); EED MW; ISAS/JAXA; NAOJ; STFC (UK) FX This work has been supported by NASA under grant NAG5-12878 and contract NAS5-38099 (HSH & IH); EED & MW are supported by NASA contract NNM07AA02C. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and the NSC (Norway). NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-664-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 397 BP 130 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIK74 UT WOS:000260431200030 ER PT B AU Reeves, KK Weber, MA Kashyap, V DeLuca, EE AF Reeves, K. K. Weber, M. A. Kashyap, V. DeLuca, E. E. BE Matthews, SA Davis, JM Harra, LK TI DEM Temperature Analysis of Eruptive Events Using the XRT on Hinode SO FIRST RESULTS FROM HINODE SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on First Results from Hinode CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Trinity Coll Dublin, Dublin, IRELAND HO Trinity Coll Dublin AB The X-Ray Telescope (XRT) on Hinode has unprecedented temperature coverage with 9 X-Ray filters in the focal plane. This temperature coverage is especially useful in determining the temperatures of flaring plasma. In this work, we use DEM techniques to analyze the temperature structures in some small eruptive events. C1 [Reeves, K. K.; Weber, M. A.; Kashyap, V.; DeLuca, E. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reeves, KK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-664-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 397 BP 187 EP 188 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIK74 UT WOS:000260431200049 ER PT B AU Wright, SA Larkin, JE Law, DR Steidel, CC Erb, DK Shapley, AE AF Wright, S. A. Larkin, J. E. Law, D. R. Steidel, C. C. Erb, D. K. Shapley, A. E. BE Funes, JG Corsini, EM TI Dynamics of High Redshift Galaxies Using Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics and Integral Field Spectroscopy SO FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF GALAXY DISKS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Formation and Evolution of Galaxy Disks CY OCT 01-05, 2007 CL Rome, ITALY ID FORMING GALAXIES; DISK GALAXY; Z-SIMILAR-TO-2 AB We present spatially resolved (0 ''.1) spectra of Ha emission from high-redshift (z similar to 1.5) star forming galaxies. These observations were obtained at Keck Observatory using the integral field spectrograph OSIRIS and the laser guide star adaptive optics (LGS AO) system. OSIRIS coupled with LGS-AO is able to achieve a full two-dimensional mapping of Ha morphology and dynamics of galaxies at sub-kpc scales. This study is aimed at identifying and analyzing rotationally supported objects in the early universe at a look back time (similar to 9.3 Gyr), close to the estimated age of the Milky Way disk. C1 [Wright, S. A.; Larkin, J. E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Law, D. R.; Steidel, C. C.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA USA. [Erb, D. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Shapley, A. E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-662-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 396 BP 433 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIP78 UT WOS:000261720400136 ER PT B AU Loeb, A AF Loeb, Abraham BE Bridle, AH TI The first billion years: Probing reionization as well as the inflationary initial conditions SO FRONTIERS OF ASTROPHYSICS: A CELEBRATION OF NRAO'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAOS 50th Anniversary CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Charlottesville, VA ID BARYONIC ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; 21 CENTIMETER FLUCTUATIONS; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEYS; LY-ALPHA EMITTERS; SUBARU DEEP FIELD; COSMIC REIONIZATION; POWER-SPECTRUM; DARK ENERGY; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; 21-CM EMISSION AB The cosmic microwave background provides an image of the universe 0.4 million years after the big bang, when atomic hydrogen formed out of free electrons and protons. One of the primary goals of observational cosmology is to obtain follow-tip images of the universe during the epoch of reionization, hundreds of millions of years later, when cosmic hydrogen was ionized once again by the UV photons emitted from the first galaxies. To achieve this goal, new observatories are being constructed, including low-frequency radio arrays capable of mapping cosmic hydrogen through its redshifted 21 cut emission as well as imagers of the first galaxies such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and large-aperture ground-based telescopes. The construction of these observatories is being motivated by a rapidly growing body of theoretical work illustrating how the fluctuations in the 21 cut brightness from cosmic hydrogen were sourced by the primordial density perturbations from inflation as well as by the radiation front galaxies. Numerical simulations of reionization are starting to achieve the dynamical range required to resolve galactic sources across the scale of hundreds of comoving Mpc, larger than the biggest ionized regions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Loeb, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM aloeb@cfa.harvard.edu NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-660-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 395 BP 59 EP 71 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG23 UT WOS:000259297300005 ER PT B AU Moran, JM AF Moran, James M. BE Bridle, AH TI The black-hole accretion disk in NGC 4258: One of nature's most beautiful dynamical systems SO FRONTIERS OF ASTROPHYSICS: A CELEBRATION OF NRAO'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAOS 50th Anniversary CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Charlottesville, VA ID ACTIVE GALAXY NGC-4258; GEOMETRIC DISTANCE; SPIRAL STRUCTURE; CEPHEID DISTANCE; MASER EMISSION; NGC4258; PRECESSION; NUCLEUS AB In this talk I will summarize some of the work that the CfA group has done to study the structure of the water masers in the accretion disk of NGC4258. A series of 18 epochs of VLBA data taken from 1997.3 to 2000.8 were used for this study. The vertical distribution of maser features in the systemic group was found to be Gaussian, as expected for hydrostatic equilibrium, with a sigma-width of 5.1 microaresec (mu as). If the disk is in hydrostatic equilibrium, its temperature is about 600 K. The systemic features exhibit a small, but persistent, gradient in acceleration versus impact parameter. This characteristic may indicate the presence of a spiral density wave rotating at sub-Keplerian speed. A more precise understanding of the dynamical properties of the disk is expected to lead to a more refined estimate of the distance to the galaxy. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Moran, JM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM moran@cfa.harvard.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-660-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 395 BP 87 EP 100 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG23 UT WOS:000259297300007 ER PT B AU Masters, KL AF Masters, Karen L. BE Bridle, AH TI Mapping mass in the local universe SO FRONTIERS OF ASTROPHYSICS: A CELEBRATION OF NRAO'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAOS 50th Anniversary CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Charlottesville, VA ID TELESCOPE KEY PROJECT; TULLY-FISHER RELATION; HUBBLE CONSTANT; VELOCITY; CATALOG; SCALE; CALIBRATION; GALAXIES; SFI++; H-0 AB We only see a small fraction of the matter in the universe, but the rest gives itself away by the impact of its gravity. Peculiar velocities have the potential to be a powerful tool to trace this matter; however, previous peculiar-velocity surveys have struggled to meet their potential because of the large errors oil individual measurements, poor statistics, and uneven sky coverage. The 2MASS Tully-Fisher (2MTF) survey will make use of existing high-quality rotations widths, new H I widths, and 2MASS (2 Micron All-Sky Survey) photometry to measure Tully-Fisher distances/peculiar velocities for all bright inclined spirals in the 2MASS redshift survey (2MRS). This survey based oil the 2MASS galaxy catalog will provide a qualitatively better sample, it; will provide significant improvements in sky coverage especially near the plane of our Galaxy that crosses the poorly understood "great attractor" region. I will give a progress report on the 2MTF survey including a look at over 300 hours of H I observations from the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and a report oil ongoing southern-hemisphere observations with the Parkes radio telescope. The new spiral I-band field (SFI++) sample is currently the best available peculiar-velocity survey for use in the local universe. I will also report on some preliminary results from this sample. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Masters, KL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-20, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kmasters@cfa.harvard.edu NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-660-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 395 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG23 UT WOS:000259297300011 ER PT B AU Wilson, RW AF Wilson, Robert W. BE Bridle, AH TI Discovering CO and other interstellar molecules with the NRAO 36 foot antenna SO FRONTIERS OF ASTROPHYSICS: A CELEBRATION OF NRAO'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAOS 50th Anniversary CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Charlottesville, VA ID RADIATION; SEARCH; NEBULA AB Bell Labs was an early developer of millimeter-wave technology. In the 60's there was a big push to develop a millimeter wave long-distance communications system to do what ultimately fiber optics has accomplished. As part of this system, Charles Burrus at Crawford Hill developed millimeter-wave receivers by making Schottky-barrier diodes using modern photolithography. Arno Penzias and I recognized that these had a potential use in radio astronomy and with Ken Kellermann proposed to build a receiver with them for use oil the then-new 36 foot antenna. Unfortunately this attempt was premature and not successful. In 1970 Arno, Keith Jefferts, and I-with much help from Sandy Weinreb-put together a, spectral-line receiver. This was done with the hope of detecting rotational transitions of simple molecules in interstellar space. Since, at the time, only a few people (like Phil Solomon) had any idea, that molecular clouds existed, we prepared to detect a weak signal. Our backup strategy, suggested by Pat Thaddeus, was to look for CN, which had been known to exist since the late 1930s. If neither line had been detected, we would have observed the H38 alpha recombination line which is close in frequency to the CO J=1-0 line. As we all know now, however, the signal from carbon monoxide (and even its less abundant isotopes) was remarkably strong Such measurements have since transformed our ideas of star formation. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wilson, RW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rwilson@cfa.harvard.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-660-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 395 BP 183 EP 191 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG23 UT WOS:000259297300015 ER PT B AU Zhao, JH An, T AF Zhao, Jun-Hui An, Tao BE Bridle, AH TI The SMA observations of CO line emission from Arp 220: Super clusters of giant molecular clouds in the merging nuclei SO FRONTIERS OF ASTROPHYSICS: A CELEBRATION OF NRAO'S 50TH ANNIVERSARY SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Frontiers of Astrophysics - A Celebration of NRAOS 50th Anniversary CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Charlottesville, VA C1 [Zhao, Jun-Hui] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-660-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 395 BP 384 EP 384 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIG23 UT WOS:000259297300054 ER PT J AU Cavagnaro, TR Langley, AJ Jackson, LE Smukler, SM Koch, GW AF Cavagnaro, Timothy R. Langley, Adam J. Jackson, Louise E. Smukler, Sean M. Koch, George W. TI Growth, nutrition, and soil respiration of a mycorrhiza-defective tomato mutant and its mycorrhizal wild-type progenitor SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mycorrhiza mutant; mycorrhizas; PLFA; respiration; roots; root respiration; Solanum lycopersicum ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS; TRIFOLIUM-SUBTERRANEUM; PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PLANT-GROWTH; ELEVATED CO2; COLONIZATION; PHOSPHATE; FUNGI AB The effects of colonisation of roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on soil respiration, plant growth, nutrition, and soil microbial communities were assessed using a mycorrhiza-defective tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mutant and its mycorrhizal wild-type progenitor. Plants were grown in rhizocosms in an automated respiration monitoring system over the course of the experiment (79 days). Soil respiration was similar in the two tomato genotypes, and between P treatments with plants. Mycorrhizal colonisation increased P and Zn content and decreased root biomass, but did not affect aboveground plant biomass. Soil microbial biomass C and soil microbial communities based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis were similar across all treatments, suggesting that the two genotypes differed little in their effect on soil activity. Although approximately similar amounts of C may have been expended belowground in both genotypes, they may have differed in the relative C allocation to root construction v. respiration. Further, net soil respiration did not differ between the two tomato genotypes, but root dry weight was lower in mycorrhizal roots, and respiration of mycorrhizal roots per unit dry weight was higher than nonmycorrhizal roots. This indicates that the AM contribution to soil respiration may indeed be significant, and nutrient uptake per unit C expenditure belowground in this experiment appeared to be higher in mycorrhizal plants. C1 [Cavagnaro, Timothy R.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Cavagnaro, Timothy R.] Monash Univ, Australian Ctr Biodivers, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Langley, Adam J.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Jackson, Louise E.; Smukler, Sean M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Koch, George W.] No Arizona Univ, Natl Inst Climat Change Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Cavagnaro, TR (reprint author), Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM tim.cavagnaro@sci.monash.edu.au RI Jackson, Louise/A-3562-2010; OI Cavagnaro, Timothy/0000-0002-9922-5677 NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 23 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1071/FP07281 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 291WO UT WOS:000255228100008 ER PT S AU Bolatto, AD Leroy, AK Walter, F Blitz, L Rosolowsky, E AF Bolatto, Alberto D. Leroy, Adam K. Walter, Fabian Blitz, Leo Rosolowsky, Erik BE Koribalski, BS Jerjen, H TI Molecular Gas, Cloud Properties, and Star Formation in Dwarf Galaxies SO GALAXIES IN THE LOCAL VOLUME SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Galaxies in the Local Volume Symposium CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Australian Natl Maritime Museum, Sydney, AUSTRALIA HO Australian Natl Maritime Museum ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; CO; LUMINOSITY C1 [Bolatto, Alberto D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Leroy, Adam K.; Walter, Fabian] Max Planck Inst Astron, Heidelberg, Germany. [Blitz, Leo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rosolowsky, Erik] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bolatto, AD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bolatto@astro.umd.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-6591 BN 978-1-4020-6932-1 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2008 BP 93 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6933-8_20 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIW86 UT WOS:000263468700020 ER PT S AU Walsh, S Jerjen, H Willman, B AF Walsh, Shane Jerjen, Helmut Willman, Beth BE Koribalski, BS Jerjen, H TI Bootes II: A Retrospective SO GALAXIES IN THE LOCAL VOLUME SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Galaxies in the Local Volume Symposium CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Australian Natl Maritime Museum, Sydney, AUSTRALIA HO Australian Natl Maritime Museum ID MILKY-WAY SATELLITE AB During the course of a systematic search for low surface brightness Milky Way satellite galaxies we have discovered a previously unidentified stellar overdensity in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This overdensity has all the hallmarks of an extremely faint, Dwarf Spheroidal companion which we designate Bootes II. The object; is consistent with an old (similar to 12 Cyr) metal-poor ([Fe/H] similar or equal to -2.0) population at a, distance modulus (m - M) 18.9 +/- 0.5 mag. We estimate a total magnitude for Bootes II of M-V similar to -3.1 +/- 1.1 mag and a half-light radius of r(h) similar to 72 +/- 28 pc. C1 [Walsh, Shane; Jerjen, Helmut] Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Willman, Beth] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Walsh, S (reprint author), Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. EM swalsh@mso.anu.edu.au NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-6591 BN 978-1-4020-6932-1 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2008 BP 191 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6933-8_41 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIW86 UT WOS:000263468700041 ER PT S AU Brunthaler, A Reid, MJ Falcke, H Henkel, C Menten, KM AF Brunthaler, Andreas Reid, Mark J. Falcke, Heino Henkel, Christian Menten, Karl M. BE Koribalski, BS Jerjen, H TI Proper Motions in the Andromeda Subgroup SO GALAXIES IN THE LOCAL VOLUME SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Galaxies in the Local Volume Symposium CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Australian Natl Maritime Museum, Sydney, AUSTRALIA HO Australian Natl Maritime Museum ID GALAXY; M33; MASS AB This article presents results of VLBI observations of regions of H2O maser activity in the Local Group galaxies M 33 and IC 10. Since all position measurements were made relative to extragalactic background sources, the proper motions of the two galaxies could be measured. For M 33, this provides this galaxy's three dimensional velocity, showing that this galaxy is moving with a velocity of 190 +/- 59 km s(-1) relative to the Milky Way. For IC 10, we obtain a motion of 215 +/- 42 km s(-1) relative to the Milky Way. These measurements promise a new handle on dynamical models for the Local Group and the mass and dark matter halo of Andromeda and the Milky Way. C1 [Brunthaler, Andreas; Henkel, Christian; Menten, Karl M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Reid, Mark J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Falcke, Heino] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Falcke, Heino] ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. RP Brunthaler, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. FU DFG Priority Programme [1177] FX This research was supported by the DFG Priority Programme 1177. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-6591 BN 978-1-4020-6932-1 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2008 BP 211 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6933-8_46 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIW86 UT WOS:000263468700046 ER PT S AU Morrison, H Caldwell, N Harding, P Kriessler, J Rose, JA Schiavon, R AF Morrison, Heather Caldwell, Nelson Harding, Paul Kriessler, Jeff Rose, James A. Schiavon, Ricardo BE Koribalski, BS Jerjen, H TI Young Star Clusters in M 31 SO GALAXIES IN THE LOCAL VOLUME SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Galaxies in the Local Volume Symposium CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Australian Natl Maritime Museum, Sydney, AUSTRALIA HO Australian Natl Maritime Museum ID GALACTIC OPEN CLUSTERS; M31 GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; MILKY-WAY; PARAMETERS; GALAXIES AB In our study of M 31's globular cluster system with MMT/Hectospec, we have obtained high-quality spectra of 85 clusters with ages less than 1 Gyr. With the exception of Hubble V, the young cluster in NGC 205, we find that these young clusters have kinematics and spatial distribution consistent with membership in M 31's young disk. Preliminary estimates of the cluster masses and structural parameters, using spectroscopically derived ages and HST imaging, confirms earlier suggestions that M 31. has clusters similar to the LMC's young populous clusters. C1 [Morrison, Heather; Harding, Paul; Kriessler, Jeff] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Caldwell, Nelson] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rose, James A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Schiavon, Ricardo] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Morrison, H (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM hlm5@case.edu; caldwell@cfa.harvard.edu; paul.harding@case.edu; jeffrey.kriessler@case.edu; jim@physics.unc.edu; ripisc@virginia.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-6591 BN 978-1-4020-6932-1 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2008 BP 227 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6933-8_50 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIW86 UT WOS:000263468700050 ER PT S AU Harris, J Whitney, B Gordon, K Meixner, M Meade, M Babler, B Indebetouw, R Hora, J Engelbracht, C For, BQ Block, M Misselt, K Vijh, U Leitherer, C Robitaille, T AF Harris, Jason Whitney, B. Gordon, K. Meixner, M. Meade, M. Babler, B. Indebetouw, R. Hora, J. Engelbracht, C. For, B. -Q. Block, M. Misselt, K. Vijh, U. Leitherer, C. Robitaille, T. BE Koribalski, BS Jerjen, H TI The SAGE View of Star Formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud SO GALAXIES IN THE LOCAL VOLUME SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Galaxies in the Local Volume Symposium CY JUL 08-13, 2007 CL Australian Natl Maritime Museum, Sydney, AUSTRALIA HO Australian Natl Maritime Museum AB SAGE (Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution) is a Legacy program of the Spitzer Space Telescope [1], providing imaging of the central 7 degrees x 7 degrees of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) in all seven of Spitzer's mid-infrared bands (IRAC 3.6 mu m, 4.5 mu m, 5.8 mu m and 8.0 mu m; and MIPS 24 mu m, 70 mu m and 160 mu m). We have used color selections to isolate a sample of more than 1000 high-probability young stellar object (YSO) candidates from the SAGE point-source catalog, and have fit protostellar models [2] to their photometry to determine their physical characteristics [3]. The YSO candidates are spatially correlated with high-density regions of the LMC's interstellar medium. C1 [Harris, Jason; Engelbracht, C.; For, B. -Q.; Block, M.; Misselt, K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Whitney, B.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Gordon, K.; Meixner, M.; Vijh, U.; Leitherer, C.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Meade, M.; Babler, B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI USA. [Indebetouw, R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Hora, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Robitaille, T.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. RP Harris, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jharris@as.arizona.edu OI Robitaille, Thomas/0000-0002-8642-1329 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-6591 BN 978-1-4020-6932-1 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2008 BP 289 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6933-8_69 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIW86 UT WOS:000263468700069 ER PT J AU Eaton-Magana, S Post, JE Heaney, PJ Freitas, J Klein, P Walters, R Butler, JE AF Eaton-Magana, Sally Post, Jeffrey E. Heaney, Peter J. Freitas, Jaime Klein, Paul Walters, Roy Butler, James E. TI Using phosphorescence as a fingerprint for the Hope and other blue diamonds SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phosphorescence; type-IIb diamond; donor-acceptor pair recombination; fingerprinting ID ACCEPTOR PAIR RECOMBINATION AB Sixty-seven natural blue diamonds, including the two largest such gemstones known (the Hope and the Blue Heart), were probed by ultraviolet radiation, and their luminescence was analyzed using a novel spectrometer system. Prior to this study, the fiery red phosphorescence of the Hope Diamond was regarded as quite rare compared to greenish-blue phosphorescence. However, our results demonstrated that virtually all blue diamonds phosphoresce at 660 mn (orange-red) but that this emission often is obscured by a concomitant luminescence at 500 run (green-blue). Although both bands were nearly always present, the relative intensities of these emissions and their decay kinetics varied dramatically. Consequently, phosphorescence analysis provides a method to discriminate among individual blue diamonds. Treated and synthetic blue diamonds showed behavior distinct from natural stones. Temperature-dependent phosphorescence revealed that the 660 nm emission has an activation energy of 0.4 eV, close to the 0.37 eV acceptor energy for boron, suggesting that the phosphorescence is caused by donor-acceptor pair recombination. C1 [Eaton-Magana, Sally; Freitas, Jaime; Klein, Paul; Butler, James E.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Post, Jeffrey E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Heaney, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Walters, Roy] Ocean Opt Inc, Dunedin, FL 34698 USA. RP Eaton-Magana, S (reprint author), Gemol Inst America, Armada Dr, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. EM sally.magana@gia.edu RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008 OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1130/G24170A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 247YL UT WOS:000252118400021 ER PT S AU Behrensmeyer, AK AF Behrensmeyer, Anna K. BE Quade, J Wynn, JG TI Paleoenvironmental context of the Pliocene AL 333 "First Family" hominin locality, Hadar Formation, Ethiopia SO GEOLOGY OF EARLY HUMANS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Ethiopia; Pliocene; hominin; Hadar; paleoenvironment ID AUSTRALOPITHECUS-AFARENSIS; PLIOPLEISTOCENE; PRESERVATION; VEGETATION; DEPOSITS; DIKIKA; AFAR AB Detailed lateral study of strata associated with the A. L. (Afar Locality) 333 hominin locality provides paleoenvironmental information at geographic scales of hundreds of meters to kilometers as well as insights regarding alluvial deposition and pedogenesis in the middle Denen Dora Member of the Hadar Formation. A. L. 333 is dated at ca. 3.2 Ma and has produced over 260 surface and excavated specimens of Australopithecus afarensis. It represents an unusual source of high-resolution information about the paleoenvironmental context of this hominin. The in situ hominin fossils are associated with the final stages of filling of a paleochannel and were buried prior to the formation of overlying paleosols. Preserved bedding structures in the fine-grained hominin-producing strata provide evidence that the abandoned channel continued to aggrade prior to the onset of sustained pedogenesis. Pedogenic carbonates associated with the hominin level thus postdate the death and burial of the hominins, possibly by centuries to millennia. The reconstructed paleodrainage of the DD-2 sandstone (DD-2s) is oriented south to north and consists of a trunk channel, similar to 40 m wide and 3-5 m deep, connecting a tributary system south of A. L. 333 to a distributary system to the north, which likely ended on the deltaic plain associated with the basin's depocenter. The hominin concentration occurs in the upper part of the fill of the trunk channel. The burial of the hominin remains involved fine-grained deposition indicating low-energy, seasonal flood events, and there is no sedimentological evidence for a high-energy, catastrophic flood that could have caused the demise of the hominins. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 121, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Behrensmeyer, AK (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 121, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM behrensa@si.edu NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2446-1 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2008 VL 446 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1130/2008.2446(09) PG 12 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA BMA27 UT WOS:000271643200010 ER PT J AU Dietsch, TV Philpott, SM AF Dietsch, Thomas V. Philpott, Stacy M. TI Linking Consumers to Sustainability: Incorporating Science into Eco-friendly Certification SO GLOBALIZATIONS LA English DT Article AB Efforts to counter ecological and socio-economic degradation have put coffee at the forefront of a new sustainability movement to reform negative globalization trends. This paper focuses on the possibilities of and challenges to sustainable certification efforts with particular focus on biodiversity conservation concerns. It presents the potential contributions from scientists in the certification processes, particularly to ensure that concern actually translates into measurable progress toward conservation goals. The benefits of unifying the three main certifications (organic, Fair Trade, and eco-friendly or shade grown), or triple-certified coffee, are explored. In general, benefits for biodiversity conservation and social justice from sustainable coffee certification can only be enhanced by greater cooperation among the current market-based efforts and scientists researching this unique response to globalization. C1 [Dietsch, Thomas V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dietsch, Thomas V.; Philpott, Stacy M.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Philpott, Stacy M.] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Dietsch, TV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm, La Kretz Hall,Suite 300,Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM wilderth@ucla.edu RI Philpott, Stacy/F-2330-2011 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1474-7731 J9 GLOBALIZATIONS JI Globalizations PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1080/14747730802057662 PG 12 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA V12VU UT WOS:000207627500014 ER PT S AU Szentgyorgyi, A Cramer, C Benedick, A Glenday, AG Kaertner, FX Korzennik, S Li, CH Ordway, MP Phillips, DF Sasselov, D Walsworth, RL AF Szentgyorgyi, Andrew Cramer, Claire Benedick, Andrew Glenday, Alexander G. Kaertner, Franz X. Korzennik, Sylvain Li, Chih-Hao Ordway, Mark P. Phillips, Davidd F. Sasselov, Dimitar Walsworth, Ronald L. BE McLean, IS Casali, MM TI Deploying comb and tunable lasers to enable precision radial velocity surveys - art. no. 70141W SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY II, PTS 1-4 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE Exoplanets; cosmology; precise radial velocity determinations; femtosecond lasers; tunable lasers ID SPECTROGRAPH; DECELERATION; S(-1) AB We describe recent progress toward developing optical frequency laser combs and tunable laser to the problem of more precise calibration of high dispersion astronomical spectra, thus permitting radial velocity determinations in the few crn/sec regime. We describe two programs in progress to calibrate both a cross dispersed echelle spectrograph with a laser comb and to calibrate a multiobject echelle spectrograph with a tunable laser. C1 [Szentgyorgyi, Andrew; Cramer, Claire; Glenday, Alexander G.; Korzennik, Sylvain; Li, Chih-Hao; Ordway, Mark P.; Phillips, Davidd F.; Sasselov, Dimitar; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Szentgyorgyi, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7224-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7014 BP W141 EP W141 DI 10.1117/12.789577 PN 1-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Physics GA BII89 UT WOS:000259917700065 ER PT B AU Prato, L Rice, EL Dame, TM AF Prato, L. Rice, E. L. Dame, T. M. BE Reipurth, B TI Where are all the Young Stars in Aquila? SO HANDBOOK OF STAR FORMING REGIONS, VOL 1: THE NORTHERN SKY SE Monographs of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STAR; EMISSION-LINE; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; FORMING REGIONS; STELLAR OBJECTS; DARK CLOUDS; MILKY-WAY; CO SURVEY AB The high Galactic longitude end of the Aquila Rift comprises the large Aquila molecular cloud complex, however, few young stars are known to be located in the area, and only one is directly associated with the Rift. In contrast, the Serpens star-forming region at the low Galactic longitude end of the Rift contains hundreds of young stars. We review studies of the raw molecular material and describe searches for young objects in the Aquila clouds. The characteristics of the known young stars and associated jets and Outflows are also provided. Finally, we suggest some possible explanations for the dearth of star formation in this gas-rich region and propose some future observations to examine this mystery further. C1 [Prato, L.] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Rice, E. L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dame, T. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Prato, L (reprint author), Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 98 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-670-7 J9 MONOGR ASTRON SOC PA PY 2008 VL 4 BP 18 EP 35 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJT50 UT WOS:000267132900002 ER PT B AU Bally, J Walawender, J Johnstone, D Kirk, H Goodman, A AF Bally, John Walawender, Josh Johnstone, Doug Kirk, Helen Goodman, Alyssa BE Reipurth, B TI The Perseus Cloud SO HANDBOOK OF STAR FORMING REGIONS, VOL 1: THE NORTHERN SKY SE Monographs of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; NEAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; DRIVEN MOLECULAR OUTFLOW; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; BARNARD-1 DARK CLOUD; DEEP IMAGING SURVEYS; FLYING-GHOST-NEBULA; DENSE CORES; BIPOLAR OUTFLOW AB The Perseus molecular cloud and its surroundings contain several regions of active or recent star formation lying within about 300 pc of the Sun (see Figure 1). Roughly a dozen OB and over a thousand lower mass stars younger than 6 Myr make up the 50 pc diameter Perseus OB 2 association. Recent supernovae in the Per OB2 association drive an expanding HI supershell into the surrounding interstellar medium. A run-away star from this association, xi Persi, illuminates and ionizes a portion of this ring, producing the California Nebula (NGC 1499, Sh-2 220). The 10(4) M(circle dot) Perseus molecular cloud is the closest such object actively forming large numbers of low to intermediate-mass stars. The eastern end of the cloud is associated with the 2 - 4 Myr old cluster IC 348 that contains several hundred young stars. However, the western portion of the Perseus cloud contains the most active sites of current star formation, including the 150 member NGC 1333 cluster, the small stellar aggregates associated with Barnard 1, L1448, L1455, and additional cloud cores which are producing smaller groups of young stars. Narrow-band visual wavelength surveys have led to the discovery of over a hundred individual Herbig-Haro objects. Studies of outflows in the Perseus molecular cloud have illuminated their contribution to the generation of turbulent motions in the surrounding gas, the disruption of cloud cores, and the self regulation of star formation. In this review, we cover the region of the sky from about l = 150 degrees to 180 degrees and b = -30 degrees to 0 degrees, and the young stars, clusters, and clouds which lie between 200 and 400 pc from the Sun with ages of less than about 15 Myr with an emphasis on the Perseus molecular cloud. This is the sphere of influence of the Per OB2 association. We discuss the 20 degrees diameter Per OB2 supershell, the OB association, its relationship to surrounding molecular gas, and on-going star formation within the Perseus molecular cloud. C1 [Bally, John] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80389 USA. [Walawender, Josh] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Johnstone, Doug; Kirk, Helen] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, ON V9E 2E7, Canada. [Goodman, Alyssa] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bally, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80389 USA. NR 130 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-670-7 J9 MONOGR ASTRON SOC PA PY 2008 VL 4 BP 308 EP 345 PG 38 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJT50 UT WOS:000267132900011 ER PT B AU Walawender, J Bally, J Di Francesco, J Jorgensen, J Getman, K AF Walawender, J. Bally, J. Di Francesco, J. Jorgensen, J. Getman, K. BE Reipurth, B TI NGC 1333: A Nearby Burst of Star Formation SO HANDBOOK OF STAR FORMING REGIONS, VOL 1: THE NORTHERN SKY SE Monographs of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; LOW-MASS PROTOSTARS; NGC-1333 MOLECULAR CLOUD; IR IMAGING PHOTOMETRY; EMISSION-LINE STARS; HH 7-11 REGION; X-RAY; YOUNG STELLAR; SUBSTELLAR OBJECTS; ORION-NEBULA AB NGC 1333 is the currently most active region of star formation in the Perseus molecular cloud. The presence of emission-line stars and Herbig-Haro objects first established NGC 1333 as an active region of star formation. Today, NGC 1333 is one of the best studied extremely Young Clusters of low to intermediate mass stars. This region is rich in sub-mm cores, embedded YSOs, radio continuum sources, masers, IRAS sources, SiO molecular jets, H(2) and HH shocks, molecular outflows, and the lobes of extinct outflows. Dozens of outflows from embedded and young cluster members criss-cross this region. While the complexity and confusion of sources and outflows has made it difficult to unravel the relations between various components, NGC 1333 has illuminated the roles of feedback and clustering phenomena in star formation. C1 [Walawender, J.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Bally, J.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jorgensen, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Getman, K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Di Francesco, J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Walawender, J (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 640 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 90 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-670-7 J9 MONOGR ASTRON SOC PA PY 2008 VL 4 BP 346 EP 371 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJT50 UT WOS:000267132900012 ER PT B AU Andrews, SM Wolk, SJ AF Andrews, Sean M. Wolk, Scott J. BE Reipurth, B TI The LkH alpha 101 Cluster SO HANDBOOK OF STAR FORMING REGIONS, VOL 1: THE NORTHERN SKY SE Monographs of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; EMISSION-LINE STAR; RADIO-EMISSION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST; TAURUS-AURIGA; NGC 1579; LKH-ALPHA-101; REGION; DISKS AB In the infrared, the heavily reddened LkH alpha 101 is One of the brightest young stars in the sky. Situated just north of the Taurus-Auriga complex in the L1482 dark cloud, it appears to be an early B-type star that has been serendipitously exposed during a rarely observed stage of early evolution, revealing a remarkable spectrum and a directly-imaged circumstellar disk. While detailed studies of this star and its circumstellar environment have become increasingly sophisticated in the 50 years since Herbig (1956) first pointed it Out, the true nature of the object still remains a mystery. Recent work has renewed focus on the young cluster of stars surrounding LkH alpha 101, and what it can tell us about the enigmatic Source at its center (e.g., massive star formation timescales, clustered formation mechanisms). This latter effort certainly deserves more intensive study. We describe the current knowledge of this region and point Out interesting work that could be done in the future. C1 [Andrews, Sean M.; Wolk, Scott J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Andrews, SM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-670-7 J9 MONOGR ASTRON SOC PA PY 2008 VL 4 BP 390 EP 404 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJT50 UT WOS:000267132900014 ER PT B AU Kenyon, SJ Gomez, M Whitney, BA AF Kenyon, Scott J. Gomez, Mercedes Whitney, Barbara A. BE Reipurth, B TI Low Mass Star Formation in the Taurus-Auriga Clouds SO HANDBOOK OF STAR FORMING REGIONS, VOL 1: THE NORTHERN SKY SE Monographs of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; CLASSICAL T-TAURI; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; L1551 IRS 5; HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CLASS-I PROTOSTARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; VELOCITY MOLECULAR GAS AB We review the history and structure of star formation in the Taurus-Auriga dark Clouds. Our discussion includes a Summary of the macroscopic Cloud properties, the population of single and binary pre-main sequence stars, the properties of jets and outflows, and detailed Summaries of selected individual objects. We include comprehensive tables of dark Clouds, young stars, and jets in the clouds. C1 [Kenyon, Scott J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Whitney, Barbara A.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Gomez, Mercedes] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Astron Observ, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. RP Kenyon, SJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 609 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-670-7 J9 MONOGR ASTRON SOC PA PY 2008 VL 4 BP 405 EP 458 PG 54 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJT50 UT WOS:000267132900015 ER PT B AU Muench, A Getman, K Hillenbrand, L Preibisch, T AF Muench, August Getman, Konstantin Hillenbrand, Lynne Preibisch, Thomas BE Reipurth, B TI Star Formation in the Orion Nebula I: Stellar Content SO HANDBOOK OF STAR FORMING REGIONS, VOL 1: THE NORTHERN SKY SE Monographs of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE; X-RAY-EMISSION; LOW-MASS STARS; YOUNG BROWN DWARFS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; GALACTIC LONGITUDES 150-DEGREES; CLUSTER FLANKING FIELDS; NEARBY OB ASSOCIATIONS; ROSAT HRI OBSERVATIONS; SPACE-TELESCOPE WFPC2 AB The Orion Nebula is one of the most frequently observed nearby (< 1 kiloparsec) star forming regions and, consequently, the subject of a large bibliography of observations and interpretation. The summary in this chapter is bounded spatially by the blister HII region, with sources beyond the central nebula that are part of the same dynamical clustering covered in other chapters in this book. Herein are discussed panchromatic observations of the massive OB stars, the general T Tauri population, the sub-stellar sources and variable stars within the Orion Nebula. First, a brief history of 400 years of observation of the Nebula is presented. As this history is marked clearly by revelations provided in each age of new technology, recent ultra-deep X-ray surveys and high resolution multi-epoch monitoring of massive binary systems and radio stars receive special attention in this review. Topics discussed include the kinematics, multiplicity, mass distribution, rotation, and circumstellar characteristies of the pre-main sequence population. Also treated in depth are historical and current constraints on the distance to the Orion Nebula Cluster; a long standing 10-20% uncertainty has only recently begun to converge on a value near similar to 400 parsecs. Complementing the current review of the stellar population is a companion chapter reviewing the molecular cloud, ionized Fill region and the Youngest protostellar sources. C1 [Muench, August] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Getman, Konstantin] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hillenbrand, Lynne] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Preibisch, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Preibisch, Thomas] Univ Sternwarte Munchen, D-81679 Munich, Germany. RP Muench, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 331 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-670-7 J9 MONOGR ASTRON SOC PA PY 2008 VL 4 BP 483 EP 543 PG 61 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJT50 UT WOS:000267132900017 ER PT B AU O'Dell, CR Muench, A Smith, N Zapata, L AF O'Dell, C. R. Muench, August Smith, Nathan Zapata, Luis BE Reipurth, B TI Star Formation in the Orion Nebula II: Gas, Dust, Proplyds and Outflows SO HANDBOOK OF STAR FORMING REGIONS, VOL 1: THE NORTHERN SKY SE Monographs of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES; KLEINMANN-LOW NEBULA; NONEQUILIBRIUM PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS; PHOTOEVAPORATING CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; APERTURE SYNTHESIS OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED POLARIZATION IMAGES; PHOTON-DOMINATED REGIONS; WAVE-ASTRONOMY-SATELLITE; PROPER-MOTION FEATURES AB The visually familiar Trapezium cluster is but one of three centers of recent star formation in the Orion Nebula, with the other two still embedded in its host molecular cloud. The Orion Nebula was produced when the hottest stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster photoionized local gaseous material, forming an open cavity around the Trapezium stars, with a background blister of ionized gas, then a photon dominated region beyond that. On the near side there is a neutral veil of material. The cluster members include many proplyds, young stellar objects that are rendered more visible by being in or near an HII region. Their existence is an argument that the most massive stars in the cluster formed only recently. The second-most luminous star formation center is in the BN-KL region and is embedded in the molecular cloud, which means that it is seen only in X-ray, infrared, and radio wavelengths. There are arguments that it experienced a major energetic event 500-1000 years ago, producing runaway objects and a host of expanding fingers of gas and dust. The third center of star formation, Orion-S, lies only slightly behind the photon dominated region and produces multiple Outflows, most of which are bipolar, and are seen in molecular and ionized atomic emission. The proximity of the Orion Nebula and its conditions of low extinction mean that it is the richest region of coll ejecta from pre-main sequence low-mass stars. C1 [O'Dell, C. R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Muench, August] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Smith, Nathan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zapata, Luis] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP O'Dell, CR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 1807-B, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 308 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-670-7 J9 MONOGR ASTRON SOC PA PY 2008 VL 4 BP 544 EP 589 PG 46 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJT50 UT WOS:000267132900018 ER PT B AU Peterson, DE Megeath, ST AF Peterson, Dawn E. Megeath, S. Thomas BE Reipurth, B TI The Orion Molecular Cloud 2/3 and NGC 1977 Regions SO HANDBOOK OF STAR FORMING REGIONS, VOL 1: THE NORTHERN SKY SE Monographs of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; LOW-MASS STARS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; BROWN DWARFS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; COMBINED SPITZER; NEBULA CLUSTER; OMC-2 AB The Orion Molecular Cloud 2/3 region (hereafter, OMC-2/3) and the reflection nebula NGC 1977 encompass a section of the Orion A molecular cloud undergoing vigorous star forming activity. One of the richest assemblages of protostars in the nearest 500 pc is seen in OMC-2/3, while NGC 1977 contains a cluster of over 100 young stars. In this review, we present a census of the protostars, pre-main sequence stars, and young brown dwarf's in these regions. These are identified through sub-millimeter surveys, far-red to near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy with ground-based telescopes, mid-infrared photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope, and X-ray observations made with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We present an overview of the distribution of molecular gas associated with these regions and the rich complex of shock heated nebulae created by the young stars interacting with the molecular gas. Finally, we discuss the relationship of OMC-2/3 and NGC 1977 to the neighboring Orion Nebula Cluster and the Orion OB 1 association. C1 [Peterson, Dawn E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Megeath, S. Thomas] Univ Toledo, Ritter Observ MS 113, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Peterson, DE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-670-7 J9 MONOGR ASTRON SOC PA PY 2008 VL 4 BP 590 EP 620 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJT50 UT WOS:000267132900019 ER PT B AU Allen, LE Davis, CJ AF Allen, L. E. Davis, C. J. BE Reipurth, B TI Low Mass Star Formation in the Lynds 1641 Molecular Cloud SO HANDBOOK OF STAR FORMING REGIONS, VOL 1: THE NORTHERN SKY SE Monographs of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION-LINE STARS; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; OBSERVED SPATIAL STRUCTURE; RADIO-CONTINUUM EMISSION; IR ECHELLE SPECTROSCOPY; FU-ORIONIS OBJECTS; L1641 DARK CLOUD AB The Lynds 1641 cloud makes up the bulk of Orion A south of the Orion Nebula Cluster. Although it contains no rich clusters comparable to the ONC, it is forming stars in numerous dense molecular cores found primarily along a ridge of gas that extends the length of the cloud (approximately 2.5 degrees). Optical, X-ray, and infrared Surveys have detected hundreds of young, predominantly low-mass stars. Most of the protostars are clustered in small groups or aggregates of N=5-40 members, but the more evolved T Tauri stars appear to be located both in and around these aggregates. L 1641 has thus become a case study for the relative importance of "distributed" vs. "clustered" star formation. Recent results from the Spitzer Space Telescope survey of L 1641 confirms the existence of a significant distributed population, in which 44% of the young stars are in low surface density regions of fewer than 10 stars/pc(2). L 1641 is extremely rich in molecular outflows and HH-objects, containing as many as 85 molecular outflows and many HH-shocks. Some of the HH flows are quite spectacular and at least a few comprise pc-scale systems, most notably the HH 303/310 outflow, whose largest lobe extends 6.3 pc from the driving star. C1 [Allen, L. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Davis, C. J.] Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Allen, LE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 209 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-670-7 J9 MONOGR ASTRON SOC PA PY 2008 VL 4 BP 621 EP 661 PG 41 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJT50 UT WOS:000267132900020 ER PT J AU Arthur, K Limpus, C Balazs, G Capper, A Udy, J Shaw, G Keuper-Bennett, U Bennett, P AF Arthur, Karen Limpus, Colin Balazs, George Capper, Angela Udy, James Shaw, Glen Keuper-Bennett, Ursula Bennett, Peter TI The exposure of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) to tumour promoting compounds produced by the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula and their potential role in the aetiology of fibropapillomatosis SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE green turtle; Lyngbya majuscula; fibropapillomatosis; lyngbyatoxin A; debromoaplysiatoxin ID OKADAIC ACID; SEA-TURTLES; MARINE CYANOBACTERIA; SEAWEED DERMATITIS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; INDOLE ALKALOIDS; SOMATIC GROWTH; TOXINS; DINOFLAGELLATE; HERPESVIRUS AB Lyngbya majuscula, a benthic filamentous cyanobacterium found throughout tropical and subtropical oceans, has been shown to contain the tumour promoting compounds lyngbyatoxin A (LA) and debromoaplysiatoxin (DAT). It grows epiphytically on seagrass and macroalgae, which also form the basis of the diet of the herbivorous green turtle (Chelonia mydas). This toxic cyanobacterium, has been observed growing in regions where turtles suffer from fibropapillomatosis (FP), a potentially fatal neoplastic disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether green turtles consume L majuscula in Queensland, Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, USA, resulting in potential exposure to tumour promoting compounds produced by this cyanobacterium. L. majuscula was present, though not in bloom, at nine sites examined and LA and DAT were detected in variable concentrations both within and between sites. Although common in green turtle diets, L majuscula was found to contribute less than 2% of total dietary intake, indicating that turtles may be exposed to low concentrations of tumour promoting compounds during non-bloom conditions. Tissue collected from dead green turtles in Moreton Bay tested positive for LA. An estimated dose, based on dietary intake and average toxin concentration at each site, showed a positive correlation for LA with the proportion of the population observed with external FP lesions. No such relationship was observed for DAT. This does not necessarily demonstrate a cause and effect relationship, but does suggest that naturally produced compounds should be considered in the aetiology of marine turtle FP. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 [Arthur, Karen; Capper, Angela] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Arthur, Karen] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Limpus, Colin] Environm Protect Agcy, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Balazs, George] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Udy, James] Univ Queensland, Ctr Water Studies Environm Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Shaw, Glen] Griffith Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Griffith, Qld 4131, Australia. [Keuper-Bennett, Ursula; Bennett, Peter] Turtle Trax, Mississauga, ON L5M 3A6, Canada. RP Arthur, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM arthur@si.edu RI Arthur, Karen/A-3089-2012; Capper, Angela/B-4403-2012; OI Capper, Angela/0000-0002-4922-0253 NR 86 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 114 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2007.06.001 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 242EZ UT WOS:000251708600012 ER PT J AU Young, AJ Monfort, SL Clutton-Brock, TH AF Young, Andrew J. Monfort, Steven L. Clutton-Brock, Tim H. TI The causes of physiological suppression among female meerkats: A role for subordinate restraint due to the threat of infanticide? SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE reproductive suppression; reproductive skew; infanticide; social stress; cooperative breeding; dominant control; dominance; cooperation; conflict; eusociality ID COOPERATIVELY BREEDING MEERKATS; SURICATA-SURICATTA; REPRODUCTIVE SUPPRESSION; INBREEDING AVOIDANCE; STRESS HORMONES; DOMINANCE; PATERNITY; SKEW AB In many animal societies, subordinates exhibit down-regulated reproductive endocrine axes relative to those of dominants, but whether this,physiological suppression' arises from active interference by dominants or subordinate self-restraint is a matter of debate. Here we investigate the roles that these processes play in precipitating physiological suppression among subordinate female meerkats, Suricata suricatta. We show that, while subordinate females are known to suffer stress-related physiological suppression during periodic temporary evictions by the dominant female, their low estrogen levels while within their groups cannot be readily attributed to chronic stress, as their fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels during this time are comparable to those of dominants. The low estrogen levels of subordinate females also cannot be explained simply by self-restraint due to factors that could reduce their payoff from maintaining their fertility regardless of the presence of the dominant female (young age, a lack of unrelated mates, poor body condition and limited breeding experience), as substantial rank-related differences in fecal total-estrogen metabolite levels remain when such factors are controlled. We suggest that this residual difference in estrogen levels may reflect a degree of subordinate restraint due in part to the dominant female's ability to kill their young. Accordingly, subordinate female estrogen levels vary in association with temporal variation in the likelihood of infanticide by the dominant. Attempts to identify the causes of physiological suppression should be cautious if rejecting any role for dominant interference in favor of subordinate restraint, as the dominant's capacity to interfere may often be the reason why subordinates exercise restraint. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Young, Andrew J.; Clutton-Brock, Tim H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Monfort, Steven L.] Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Young, AJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM ajy20@cam.ac.uk NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.09.005 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 259YL UT WOS:000252976700016 PM 17976602 ER PT J AU Lidgard, DC Boness, DJ Bowen, WD McMillan, JI AF Lidgard, Damian C. Boness, Daryl J. Bowen, W. Don McMillan, Jim I. TI The implications of stress on male mating behavior and success in a sexually dimorphic polygynous mammal, the grey seal SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE cortisol; breeding behavior; breeding success; glucocorticoids; pinniped; seal; stress; testosterone ID ARCTIC GROUND-SQUIRRELS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; SABLE ISLAND; NOVA-SCOTIA; TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL-DOMINANCE; SEASONAL-CHANGES; BREEDING-SEASON; PHOCA-VITULINA AB Studies on primates and other taxa have shown that the physiological response of an individual to stress reflects their social status. We combined behavioral observations with measures of stress to test the hypothesis that stress is an important physiological determinant of mating behavior and success in the male grey seal. Known-age males (N = 19) were studied during the breeding seasons of 2004 and 2005 at Sable Island, Canada. The stressor was a capture and restraint period of 35 min and serial samples of cortisol and testosterone were taken as measures of stress. The mean baseline concentrations of cortisol and testosterone were 9.7 +/- 0.5 ug/dl and 6.2 +/- 0.6 ng/mL, respectively. The baseline cortisol concentration was negatively correlated with the duration of time a male spent at a site (r=-0.507, P=0.027), which was a strong correlate of mating success (r=0.659, P=0.002). All males experienced an increase in the concentration of cortisol during the restraint period (79.1 +/- 8.4%; CV=46.1%). The percentage rise in cortisol during restraint was correlated with the mean duration of time spent at a site (r=0.544, P=0.016) and thus success. The concentration of testosterone also increased during the restraint period (32.8 +/- 9.7%). This might be an adaptive response to maintaining the ability to reproduce while under stress. Our study indicates that stress is an important determinant of success in male grey seals. More successful males might exhibit an adaptive response to stress by maintaining low concentrations of cortisol during breeding. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lidgard, Damian C.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Lidgard, Damian C.; Boness, Daryl J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Boness, Daryl J.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME USA. [Boness, Daryl J.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Bowen, W. Don; McMillan, Jim I.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Populat Ecol Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Lidgard, DC (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM damian.lidgard@dal.ca RI Bowen, William/D-2758-2012 NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.10.003 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 259YL UT WOS:000252976700029 PM 18021775 ER PT B AU Heber, U Hirsch, HA Edelmann, H Napiwotzki, R O'Toole, SJ Brown, W Altmann, M AF Heber, Uli Hirsch, Heiko A. Edelmann, Heinz Napiwotzki, Ralf O'Toole, Simon J. Brown, Warren Altmann, Martin BE Heber, U Jeffery, S Napiwotzki, R TI Hypervelocity stars: Young and heavy or old and light? SO HOT SUBDWARF STARS AND RELATED OBJECTS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Hot Subdwarf Stars and Related Objects CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Otto-Friedrich Univ, Bamberg, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Friedrich Alexander Univ, City Bamberg, Deutsch Phys Gesell, Fraunhofer Inst Intergriete Schalt IIS, Spezialkeller HO Otto-Friedrich Univ ID MODELS; HALO AB The first three hyper-velocity stars (HVS) unbound to the Galaxy were serendipitously discovered in 2005. The only suggested origin of hypervelocity stars is the Galactic Centre as it host's a super-massive black hole capable of accelerating stars to such high velocities. Only one HVS, the sdO star US 708, is known to be an old low mass star, while HE 0437-5439 is an apparently normal early-type B-star, too short-lived to originate from the Galactic Centre, but could possibly come from the LMC. A systematic survey has led to the discovery of seven new HVS of late B-type (similar to the prototype HVS1), which can either be massive stars (approximate to 3 M circle dot) or horizontal branch stars, sufficiently long-lived to have travelled from the Galactic Centre. We present new spectral analyses of five known HVS as well as of a newly discovered candidate. It is possible that the late B-type HVS are a mix of main sequence and evolved BHB stars. In view of the time scale problem we revisit HE 0437-5439 and discuss a possible subluminous nature of this star. C1 [Heber, Uli; Hirsch, Heiko A.; Edelmann, Heinz] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Napiwotzki, Ralf] Univ Hertfordshire, Coll Lane, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [O'Toole, Simon J.] Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Brown, Warren] Smithsonian Astrophy Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Altmann, Martin] Astronmisches Rechen Inst, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Edelmann, Heinz] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Heber, U (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Sternwartstr 7, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. EM Heber@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de; Heiko.Hirsch@sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de; edelmann@astro.as.utexas.edu; r.napiwotzki@herts.ac.uk; otoole@aao.gov.au; maltmann@ari.uni-heidelberg.de RI Heber, Ulrich/G-3306-2013 OI Heber, Ulrich/0000-0001-7798-6769 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-654-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 392 BP 167 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BID04 UT WOS:000258497200021 ER PT J AU Corbett, DG Causey, D Clementz, M Koch, PL Doroff, A Lefevre, C West, D AF Corbett, Debra G. Causey, Douglas Clementz, Mark Koch, Paul L. Doroff, Angela Lefevre, Christine West, Dixie BE Rick, TC Erlandson, JM TI Aleut Hunters, Sea Otters, and Sea Cows THREE THOUSAND YEARS OF INTERACTIONS IN THE WESTERN ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, ALASKA SO HUMAN IMPACTS ON ANCIENT MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AMCHITKA ISLAND; BULDIR ISLAND; BERING-SEA; POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; MILLENNIA; SITE C1 [Corbett, Debra G.; Doroff, Angela] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Causey, Douglas] Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK USA. [Clementz, Mark] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Koch, Paul L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lefevre, Christine] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75231 Paris, France. [West, Dixie] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [West, Dixie] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Corbett, DG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 112 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA BN 978-0-520-93429-0 PY 2008 BP 43 EP 75 PG 33 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Ecology SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BXD72 UT WOS:000295825300004 ER PT J AU Jankowski, T Collins, AG Campbell, R AF Jankowski, Thomas Collins, Allen G. Campbell, Richard TI Global diversity of inland water cnidarians SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE hydra; polypodium; cordylophora; craspedacusta; distribution; species diversity; freshwater cnidarian ID FRESH-WATER; BRACKISH-WATER; RDNA DATA; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; HYDROZOA; JELLYFISH; MEDUSAE; WORLD AB Global diversity of inland water cnidarians is low, containing < 40 species belonging to phylogenetically distinct groups representing independent invasion events: the common and cosmopolitan hydras (12-15 species); the sporadically occurring freshwater medusae (6-16 sp.); the Cordylophorinae (2 sp.); the parasitic Polypodium (1 sp.); the medusae occurring in saline lakes (4 sp.). Freshwater cnidarians inhabit nearly all types of freshwater on all continents (except Antarctica), but only a few species have cosmopolitan distributions. Due to uncertainty in species knowledge, fine scale regions of endemicity are not yet clear. C1 [Jankowski, Thomas] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol Eawag, Water Resources Dept, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, MRC 153, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Syst Lab,NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Campbell, Richard] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Dev & Cell Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Jankowski, T (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol Eawag, Water Resources Dept, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. EM thomas.jankowski@eawag.ch RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 NR 17 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2008 VL 595 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9001-9 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249TS UT WOS:000252253300005 ER PT J AU Strong, EE Gargominy, O Ponder, WF Bouchet, P AF Strong, Ellen E. Gargominy, Olivier Ponder, Winston F. Bouchet, Philippe TI Global diversity of gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in freshwater SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE phylogeny; taxonomy; biogeography; endemicity; radiations; life history; fossil record; biomonitoring; disease transmission; conservation ID UNIQUE REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; HYDROBIID SNAILS GASTROPODA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; DNA-SEQUENCES; NEW-CALEDONIA AB The world's gastropod fauna from continental waters comprises similar to 4,000 valid described species and a minimum of 33-38 independent lineages of Recent Neritimorpha, Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia (including the Pulmonata). The caenogastropod component dominates in terms of species richness and diversity of morphology, physiology, life and reproductive modes and has produced several highly speciose endemic radiations. Ancient oligotrophic lakes (e.g., Baikal, Ohrid, Tanganyika) are key hotspots of gastropod diversity; also noteworthy are a number of lower river basins (e.g., Congo, Mekong, Mobile Bay). But unlike many other invertebrates, small streams, springs and groundwater systems have produced the most speciose associations of freshwater gastropods. Despite their ecological importance in many aquatic ecosystems, understanding of even their systematics is discouragingly incomplete. The world's freshwater gastropod fauna faces unprecedented threats from habitat loss and degradation and introduced fishes and other pests. Unsustainable use of ground water, landscape modification and stock damage are destroying many streams and springs in rural/pastoral areas, and pose the most significant threats to the large diversity of narrow range endemics in springs and ground water. Despite comprising only similar to 5% of the world's gastropod fauna, freshwater gastropods account for similar to 20% of recorded mollusc extinctions. However, the status of the great majority of taxa is unknown, a situation that is exacerbated by a lack of experts and critical baseline data relating to distribution, abundance, basic life history, physiology, morphology and diet. Thus, the already considerable magnitude of extinction and high levels of threat indicated by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is certainly a significant underestimate. C1 [Strong, Ellen E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gargominy, Olivier; Bouchet, Philippe] Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-75005 Paris, France. [Ponder, Winston F.] Australian Museum, Malacol Sect, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. RP Strong, EE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM StrongE@si.edu OI Strong, Ellen/0000-0001-7181-4114 NR 98 TC 127 Z9 146 U1 4 U2 70 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2008 VL 595 BP 149 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249TS UT WOS:000252253300018 ER PT J AU De Grave, S Cai, Y Anker, A AF De Grave, S. Cai, Y. Anker, A. TI Global diversity of shrimps (Crustacea : Decapoda : Caridea) in freshwater SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Caridea; Decapoda; freshwater; biodiversity ID MACROBRACHIUM CRUSTACEA; PALAEMONIDAE; TAXONOMY; PRAWNS AB Freshwater caridean shrimps account for approximately a quarter of all described Caridea, numerically dominated by the Atyidae and Palaemonidae. With the exception of Antarctica, freshwater shrimp are present in all biogeographical regions. However, the Oriental region harbours the majority of species, whilst the Nearctic and western Palaearctic are very species-poor. Many species are important components of subsistence fisheries, whilst the Giant River Prawn forms the basis of an extensive aquaculture industry. A total of 13 species are threatened or endangered, with one species formally extinct. C1 [De Grave, S.] Oxford Univ Museum Nat Hist, Oxford OX1 3PW, England. [Cai, Y.] Natl Pk Board, Biodiversity Ctr, Singapore 259569, Singapore. [Anker, A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP De Grave, S (reprint author), Oxford Univ Museum Nat Hist, Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3PW, England. EM sammy.degrave@oum.ox.ac.uk; caiyixiong@yahoo.com; ankera@si.edu OI De Grave, Sammy/0000-0002-2437-2445 NR 21 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2008 VL 595 BP 287 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9024-2 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249TS UT WOS:000252253300032 ER PT J AU Polhemus, JT Polhemus, DA AF Polhemus, John T. Polhemus, Dan A. TI Global diversity of true bugs (Heteroptera : Insecta) in freshwater SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; aquatic; diversity; richness; distribution; endemism ID CONSERVATION; HEMIPTERA; PHYLOGENY AB The aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera, consisting of the infraorders Leptopodomorpha, Gerromorpha, and Nepomorpha, comprise a significant component of the world's aquatic insect biota. Within these three infraorders as a whole there are currently 23 families, 343 genera and 4,810 species group taxa considered valid, of which 20 families, 326 genera and 4,656 species inhabit freshwater. In addition, more than 1,100 unequivocally diagnosed species remain to be described. Aquatic Heteroptera occur on all continents except Antarctica, and are most numerous in the tropical regions, although there are many distinctly cold-adapted genera. Overall species richness is highest in the Neotropical and Oriental regions, which harbor 1,289 and 1,103 species, respectively. In comparison to these core tropical regions, species richness is significantly lower in the Afrotropical (799 species), Australasian (654 species), Palearctic (496 species), Nearctic (424 species) and Pacific (37 species) regions. Aquatic Heteroptera are notable for utilizing an exceptionally broad range of habitats, from marine and intertidal to arctic and high alpine, across a global altitudinal range of 0-4,700 m. Species may be found in almost every freshwater biotope, and many exhibit striking morphological adaptations to their aquatic environment, making them excellent subjects for ecological and biogeographic studies. C1 [Polhemus, John T.] Colorado Entomol Inst, Englewood, CO 80113 USA. [Polhemus, Dan A.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Polhemus, JT (reprint author), Colorado Entomol Inst, 3115 S York St, Englewood, CO 80113 USA. EM jtpolhemus@msn.com; bugman@bishopmuseum.org NR 27 TC 62 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2008 VL 595 BP 379 EP 391 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9033-1 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249TS UT WOS:000252253300041 ER PT J AU Rueda, LM AF Rueda, Leopoldo M. TI Global diversity of mosquitoes (Insecta : Diptera : Culicidae) in freshwater SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE mosquitoes; Culicidae; Diptera; freshwater; diversity ID ANOPHELINAE DIPTERA; MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS; AEDINI DIPTERA; PHYLOGENY; CLASSIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIAL; SEQUENCES; HABITATS AB Mosquitoes that inhabit freshwater habitats play an important role in the ecological food chain, and many of them are vicious biters and transmitters of human and animal diseases. Relevant information about mosquitoes from various regions of the world are noted, including their morphology, taxonomy, habitats, species diversity, distribution, endemicity, phylogeny, and medical importance. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Walter Reed Biosyst Unit, WRAIR, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Rueda, LM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Walter Reed Biosyst Unit, WRAIR, MSC MRC 534,4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM ruedapol@si.edu NR 41 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2008 VL 595 BP 477 EP 487 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9037-x PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249TS UT WOS:000252253300049 ER PT J AU Wagner, R Bartak, M Borkent, A Courtney, G Goddeeris, B Haenni, JP Knutson, L Pont, A Rotheray, GE Rozkosny, R Sinclair, B Woodley, N Zatwarnicki, T Zwick, P AF Wagner, Ruediger Bartak, Miroslav Borkent, Art Courtney, Gregory Goddeeris, Boudewijn Haenni, Jean-Paul Knutson, Lloyd Pont, Adrian Rotheray, Graham E. Rozkosny, Rudolf Sinclair, Bradley Woodley, Norman Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz Zwick, Peter TI Global diversity of dipteran families (Insecta Diptera) in freshwater (excluding Simulidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE aquatic Diptera; continental waters; diversity; distribution; state of knowledge ID MOUNTAIN MIDGES DIPTERA; PALAEODIPTERON-WALKERI IDE; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; DANCE FLIES DIPTERA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; NYMPHOMYIIDAE DIPTERA; IMMATURE STAGES; THAUMALEIDAE DIPTERA; EMPIDOIDEA DIPTERA; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS AB Today's knowledge of worldwide species diversity of 19 families of aquatic Diptera in Continental Waters is presented. Nevertheless, we have to face for certain in most groups a restricted knowledge about distribution, ecology and systematic, particularly in the tropical environments. At the same time we realize a dramatically decline or even lack of specialists being able, having the time or the opportunity to extend or even secure the present information. The respective families with approximate numbers of aquatic species are: Blephariceridae (308), Deuterophlebiidae (14), Nyphomyiidae (7), Psychodidae (similar to 2.000), Scatopsidae (similar to 5), Tanyderidae (41), Ptychopteridae (69), Dixidae (173), Corethrellidae (97), Chaoboridae (similar to 50), Thaumaleidae (similar to 170), Ceratopogonidae (similar to 6.000), Stratiomyidae (similar to 43), Empididae (similar to 660), Lonchopteridae (2), Syrphidae (similar to 1.080), Sciomyzidae (similar to 190), Ephydridae (similar to 1.500), Muscidae (similar to 870). Numbers of aquatic species will surely increase with increased ecological and taxonomical efforts. C1 [Wagner, Ruediger] Univ Kassel, Kassel, Germany. [Bartak, Miroslav] Czech Univ Agr, Prague, Czech Republic. [Courtney, Gregory] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Goddeeris, Boudewijn] Inst Royal Sci Nat Belgique, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium. [Haenni, Jean-Paul] Museum Hist Nat, Neuchatel, Switzerland. [Pont, Adrian] Goring Thames, Reading RG8 0EP, Berks, England. [Rotheray, Graham E.] Natl Museum Scotland, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rozkosny, Rudolf] Masaryk Univ, Inst Bot & Zool, Brno, Czech Republic. [Sinclair, Bradley] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ontario Plant Labs, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Woodley, Norman] USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz] Acad Agr, Dept Zool, Wroclaw, Poland. RP Wagner, R (reprint author), Univ Kassel, Kassel, Germany. EM Ruediger.Wagner@uni-kassel.de RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014; OI Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz/0000-0003-2163-0143 NR 181 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2008 VL 595 BP 489 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9127-9 PG 31 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249TS UT WOS:000252253300050 ER PT J AU Moon, HK Byun, YI Raymond, SN Spahr, T AF Moon, Hong-Kyu Byun, Yong-IK Raymond, Sean N. Spahr, Timothy TI Realistic survey simulations for kilometer class near Earth objects SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE asteroids ID PERIOD COMETS; ASTEROIDS; POPULATION; TELESCOPE; PROGRAM; DISCOVERY; HAZARD AB We present a new Near Earth Object (NEO) survey simulator which incorporates the four-dimensional population model of 4668 NEOs [Bottke, W.F., Morbidelli, A., Jedicke, R., Petit, J.-M., Levison, H.F, Michel, P., Metcalfe, T.S., 2002. Icarus 156, 399-133] and the observing strategies of most asteroid search programs. With the recent expansion of survey capabilities, previous simulators focused on a specific survey facility are no longer useful in predicting the future detection rates. Our simulation is a superposition of simplified search patterns adopted by all major wide-field surveys in operation in both hemispheres. We defined five different simulation periods to follow the evolution of survey efficiencies reflecting changes in either search volume as a result of upgrades of telescopes and instruments or in observing schedules. The simulator makes remarkably good reproductions of actual survey results as of December 2005, not only the total number of detections but also (a, e, i, H) ('H' means absolute magnitude of an asteroid) distributions. An extended experiment provides excellent predictions for discovery statistics of NEOs (H < 18) reported to the Minor Planet Center in 2006. These support that our simulator is a plausible approximation of real surveys. We further confirm that, with the Bottke et al. [Bottke, W.F., Morbidelli, A., Jedicke, R., Petit, J.-M., Levison, RE, Michel, P., Metcalfe, T.S., 2002. Icarus 156, 399-433] population model and present survey capability, the 90% completeness level of kilometer-sized NEOs will be achieved by 2010 or 2011. However, about 8% of the kilometer-sized or larger NEOs would remain undetected even after 10-year operation (2007-2016) of all current NEO survey facilities. They are apparently faint, with orbits characterized by large semimajor axis and higher eccentricity; these "hardest-to-find" objects tend to elude the search volume of existing NEO survey facilities. Our simulation suggests that 15% of undetectable objects are Atens and Inner Earth Objects. Because of their orbital characteristics, they will remain within +/- 45 degrees from the Sun, thus cannot be discovered in the forthcoming decade if our effort is limited to current ground-based telescopes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Moon, Hong-Kyu] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Moon, Hong-Kyu; Byun, Yong-IK] Yonsei Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Moon, Hong-Kyu] Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Mt Stromlo Observ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Byun, Yong-IK] Yonsei Univ, Inst Earth Atmosphere Astron, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Raymond, Sean N.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spahr, Timothy] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Moon, HK (reprint author), Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, 61-1 Hwaam Dong, Taejon 305348, South Korea. EM fullmoon@kasi.re.kr; ybyun@yonsei.ac.kr; raymond@lasp.colorado.edu; tspahr@cfa.harvard.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2008 VL 193 IS 1 BP 53 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.022 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250HE UT WOS:000252289800004 ER PT J AU Keita, SO AF Keita, Shomarka Omar BE Bengtson, JD TI Geography, selected Afro-Asiatic families, and Y chromosome lineage variation An exploration in linguistics and phylogeography SO IN HOT PURSUIT OF LANGUAGE IN PREHISTORY: ESSAYS IN THE FOUR FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY: IN HONOR OF HAROLD CRANE FLEMING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HUMAN-POPULATIONS; GENETIC-EVIDENCE; BACK MIGRATION; ORIGIN; POLYMORPHISMS; AFFINITIES; DISPERSAL; LANGUAGES AB While it is known and must be emphasised that language, biology, and culture do not travel as an obligatory package, this does not mean that congruence never exists and may be historically meaningful. In this paper the published Y chromosome data and branches of the Afro-Asiatic language family for which good genetic data exist were examined in an exploratory fashion to determine if there are patterns suggestive of overlap. Most of the Afro-Asiatic speakers shared the lineage defined by Yap descendant called PN2/215/M35. It was further found that that a key lineage - the M35/78 was shared between the populations in the locale of original Egyptian speakers and modern Cushitic speakers from the Horn. Amazigh (Berber) speakers had a high frequency of M35/81. Semitic speakers in the Near East had a higher frequency of non-Yap lineages defined by the M89 mutation, but some M35/M78 is found at a lower frequency in the Near East (vs supra-Saharan Africa). The data for Omotic and Chadic speakers is of poor quality due to sample size. The paper discusses some possible implications of the observed pattern and the need for better data. C1 [Keita, Shomarka Omar] Howard Univ, Natl Human Genome Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Keita, Shomarka Omar] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Keita, SO (reprint author), Howard Univ, Natl Human Genome Ctr, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN BENJAMINS B V PUBL PI AMSTERDAM ME PA PO BOX 36224, 1020 AMSTERDAM ME, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-272-8985-8 PY 2008 BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Anthropology; Linguistics SC Anthropology; Linguistics GA BBA83 UT WOS:000306325300002 ER PT J AU Baeza, JA AF Baeza, J. Antonio TI Protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism in the shrimps Lysmata bahia and Lysmata intermedia SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hermaphrodite; protandry; sex allocation; Crustacea; Hippolytidae ID MARINE SHRIMP; SEXUAL SYSTEM; HIPPOLYTIDAE; CARIDEA; DECAPODA; REPRODUCTION; ALLOCATION; WURDEMANNI; CRUSTACEA AB The sexual system of two peppermint shrimps, Lysmata bahia and Lysmata intermedia, inhabiting intertidal fossil coral terraces at Bocas del Toro, on the Caribbean coast of Panama, was examined. Dissections suggested that the population of each species consisted of functional males and functional simultaneous hermaphrodites. Males have cincinulli and appendices masculinae on the first and second pair of pleopods, respectively, gonopores located at the coxae of the third pair of walking legs, and ovotestes with a well-developed male portion full of sperm, but an undeveloped female portion. Hermaphrodites lacked appendices masculinae and cincinulli. However, they have male gonopores and ovotestes with well-developed ovaries full of mature oocytes and testes with sperm. When hermaphrodites were maintained in pairs, both molted and spawned eggs (to beneath abdomen) that continued developing after 3 d, demonstrating that hermaphrodites can reproduce as males and inseminate other hermaphrodites acting as females. The possibility of self-fertilization or parthenogenetic reproduction was tested and disregarded, because hermaphrodites reared in isolation spawned oocytes that failed to develop, disappearing from the abdomen after 2 d. Males reared in pairs mature as hermaphrodites in < 50 d, showing the ability of males to mature as hermaphrodites. These results demonstrate that L. bahia and L. intermedia are protandric simultaneous hermaphrodites, as reported for all species of this genus whose sexual system has been examined. However, the studied species featured a lifestyle, termed "tropical-low abundance," here not recognized previously for the genus; they occur in low abundances in tropical environments, they do not develop symbiotic associations with sessile invertebrates, and they are not conspicuously colored. Information on the sexual systems and lifestyles of more species needs to be examined before these observations can be placed into a comparative context within the genus. C1 [Baeza, J. Antonio] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Baeza, J. Antonio] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM baezaa@si.edu OI Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1077-8306 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PY 2008 VL 127 IS 2 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00122.x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 306HD UT WOS:000256238000006 ER PT J AU Utz, LRP Coats, DW AF Utz, Laura R. P. Coats, D. Wayne TI Telotroch formation, survival, and attachment in the epibiotic peritrich Zoothamnium intermedium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ciliates; epibiosis; copepods; Chesapeake Bay; zooplankton ID EPISTYLIS-DAPHNIAE; VORTICELLA-CONVALLARIA; CALANOID COPEPODS; MOINA-MACROCOPA; EPIZOIC CILIATE; HOST; ZOOPLANKTON; REPRODUCTION; MORTALITY; SELECTION AB Aspects of the life cycle of the peritrich ciliate Zoothamnium intermedium, ail epibiont on calanoid copepods in the Chesapeake Bay, were investigated using host and epibiont cultures. Experiments were designed to characterize the formation, survival, and attachment of free-swimming stages (telotrochs) and to assess whether telotrochs preferentially attach to primary (Acartia tonsa and Eurytemora affinis) or alternate hosts from the zooplankton community (the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, barnacle nauplii, polychaete larvae, and a harpacticold copepod). The results showed that telotroch formation started 2 h after the death of the host, with > 90% of the zooids leaving the host carapace within 7 h. Formation of telotrochs was triggered only by the death of the host, failing to occur when the host was injured or unable to swim. Telotrochs failed to attach to non-living substrates and survived for only 14 h in the absence of host organisms, suggesting that members of Z. intermedium are obligate epibionts. Attachment success decreased with telotroch age, indicating that colonization success in nature may strongly depend on the ability to find a suitable host in a short period of time. Individuals exhibited no preferences in colonizing juvenile or adult stages of A. tonsa or E. affinis. While telotrochs were able to colonize barnacle nauplii and the harpacticoid copepod in the absence of individuals of A. tonsa or E. affinis, they did not attach to the rotifers or polychaete larvae. Telotrochs preferentially colonized individuals of A. tollsa when in tile presence of other non-calanoid host species. C1 [Utz, Laura R. P.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Utz, Laura R. P.; Coats, D. Wayne] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Utz, LRP (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Zool, BR-91510970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM laurautz@yahoo.com RI Utz, Laura/P-5247-2014 FU Capes, Brazil FX We Would like to thank Dr. Eugene Small for his support and review of early versions of this manuscript. We also thank Drs. Diane Stoecker, Darcy Lonsdale, Michael Roman, Marie Bundy, Stephen Wolniak, Eduardo Eizirik, Nora Terwilliger, and an anonymous reviewer for their Constructive suggestions on this manuscript. L.R.P. Utz was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from Capes, Brazil. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1077-8306 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PY 2008 VL 127 IS 3 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2008.00140.x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 347CL UT WOS:000259118100001 ER PT J AU Lantz, K Disterhoft, P Slusser, J Gao, W Berndt, J Bernhard, G Bloms, S Booth, R Ehramjian, J Harrison, L Janson, G Johnston, P Kiedron, P McKenzie, R Kimlin, M Neale, P O'Neill, M Quang, VV Seckmeyer, G Taylor, T Wuttke, S Michalsky, J AF Lantz, Kathleen Disterhoft, Patrick Slusser, James Gao, Wei Berndt, Jerry Bernhard, Germar Bloms, Sarah Booth, Rocky Ehramjian, James Harrison, Lee Janson, George Johnston, Paul Kiedron, Piotr McKenzie, Richard Kimlin, Michael Neale, Patrick O'Neill, Michael Quang, Vi V. Seckmeyer, Gunther Taylor, Thomas Wuttke, Sigrid Michalsky, Joseph TI 2003 North American interagency intercomparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers: scanning and spectrograph instruments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE spectroradiometer; filter radiometer; ultraviolet; intercomparison ID SHADOW-BAND RADIOMETER; MONITORING SPECTRORADIOMETERS; COLUMN OZONE; RADIATION; IRRADIANCE; LABORATORIES; CALIBRATION; STANDARDS; NETWORK; BREWER AB The fifth North American Intercomparison of Ultraviolet Monitoring Spectroradiometers was held June 13 to 21, 2003 at Table Mountain outside of Boulder, Colorado, USA. The main purpose of the Intercomparison was to assess the ability of spectroradiometers to accurately measure solar ultraviolet irradiance, and to compare the results between instruments of different monitoring networks. This Intercomparison was coordinated by NOAA and included participants from six national and international agencies. The UV measuring instruments included scanning spectroradiometers, spectrographs, and multi-filter radiometers. Synchronized spectral scans of the solar irradiance were performed between June 16 and 20, 2003. The spectral responsivities were determined for each instrument using the participants' lamps and calibration procedures and with NOAA/CUCF standard lamps. This paper covers the scanning spectroradiometers and the one spectrograph. The solar irradiance measurements from the different instruments were deconvolved using a high resolution extraterrestrial solar irradiance and reconvolved with a 1-nm triangular band-pass to account for differences in the bandwidths of the instruments. The measured solar irradiance from the spectroradiometers using the rivmSHIC algorithm on a clear-sky day on DOY 172 at 17.0 UTC (SZA = 30 degrees) had a relative 1-sigma standard deviation of +/-2.6 to 3.4% for 300- to 360-nm using the participants' calibration. C1 [Lantz, Kathleen; Disterhoft, Patrick; Bloms, Sarah; Kiedron, Piotr; O'Neill, Michael] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Berndt, Jerry; Harrison, Lee; Kiedron, Piotr] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Bernhard, Germar; Booth, Rocky; Ehramjian, James; Quang, Vi V.] Biospher Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Johnston, Paul; McKenzie, Richard] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Slusser, James; Gao, Wei; Janson, George] Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Michalsky, Joseph] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kimlin, Michael; Taylor, Thomas] Univ Georgia, Natl Ultraviolet Monitoring Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Neale, Patrick] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Seckmeyer, Gunther; Wuttke, Sigrid] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Meteorol & Climatol, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. [Kimlin, Michael] Queensland Univ Technol, Australian Sun & Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. RP Lantz, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Kimlin, Michael/0000-0002-9536-8646 FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Assistance; US Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring; Research Program [2003-34263-13509, 2004-34263-14270] FX Operation of the National Science Foundation's Polar Ultraviolet Monitoring Network, along with participation in this Intercomparison, was funded from Antarctic Support Associates at the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs. Operation of the National Ultraviolet Monitoring Network, along with participation in this Intercomparison, was funded through the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Assistance. Development of the U111 Ultraviolet Scanning Radiometer, participation in this Intercomparison, and operation of the USDA UV Network was funded by the US Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring and Research Program through contracts 2003-34263-13509 and 2004-34263-14270 under the direction of Dr. Daniel Schmoldt. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023547 DI 10.1117/1.3040299 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200051 ER PT J AU Eberhard, WG AF Eberhard, William G. TI Araneus expletus (Araneae, Araneidae): another stabilimentum that does not function to attract prey SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE orb weaver; orb web; silk; defense; camouflage ID SILK STABILIMENTA; SPIDER; WEBS AB Juvenile Araneus expletus often place a visually conspicuous, disc-like white silk stabilimentum on one side of the retreat where the spider rests during the day away from its orb. Placement of the stabilimentum at this site rules out a prey attraction function and argues instead that it may function to defend the spider from visually orienting enemies. C1 Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Eberhard, William G.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Eberhard, WG (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ciudad Univ, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM william.eberhard@gmail.com NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2008 VL 36 IS 1 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1636/St07-35SC.1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 301TY UT WOS:000255919700021 ER PT J AU Kuntner, M Haddad, CR Aljancic, G Blejec, A AF Kuntner, Matjaz Haddad, Charles R. Aljancic, Gregor Blejec, Andrej TI Ecology and web allometry of Clitaetra irenae, an arboricolous African orb-weaving spider (Araneae, Araneoidea, Nephilidae) SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Behavioral ecology; evolution; conservation; Maputaland; South Africa; Herennia ID SOUTH-AFRICA; MAPUTALAND CENTER; LIFE-HISTORY; DUNG BEETLES; SAND FOREST; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; ARANEIDAE; HABITAT; TETRAGNATHIDAE AB Analysis of ecological dates of the arboricolous nephilid spicier Clitaetra irenae, Kuntner 2006, endemic to Maputaland forests, South Africa, indicates the species' dependence on this highly threatened habitat. We tested C irenae habitat dependence via GIS analysis by plotting the known distribution against southern African ecoregions. In the southern part of its range, C. irenae inhabits almost exclusively one ecoregion, the Maputaland coastal plain forests; but further north, in tropical southern Africa, it continues inland into Malawi's woodlands. We test and refute the hypotheses that C. irenae inhabits exclusively mature trees, trees of a particular species, trees with a smooth bark. tree habitats at certain height above ground, and only closed canopy forest stands. The ecological niche of C. irenae is flexible as long as suitable trees under at least partially closed canopy are available. We quantify the C irenae ontogenetic web changes from orb to ladder and the simultaneous hub displacement towards the top frame. Such web allometry allows the web to increase vertically but not horizontally, which enables the spider to remain on the same tree throughout its development and thus the ladder web architecture is an adaptation to an arboricolous life style. Adult hub displacement. common in spiders with vertical webs, is explained by gravity. Clitaetra irenae web orientation on trees correlates with forest closure, and might indicate the Maputaland forest quality. We argue for utilization of the ecology of arboricolous nephilid orb-weaving spiders (Clitaetra and Herennia) in systematic conservation assessments in the Old World tropics. C1 [Kuntner, Matjaz] Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Inst Biol, Ctr Sci Res, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Kuntner, Matjaz] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Haddad, Charles R.] Univ Orange Free State, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. [Aljancic, Gregor; Blejec, Andrej] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Biol, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Kuntner, M (reprint author), Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Inst Biol, Ctr Sci Res, Novi Trg 2, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM kuntner@gmail.com RI Blejec, Andrej/A-8470-2010 OI Blejec, Andrej/0000-0001-7484-6031 FU Slovenian Research Agency [Z1-7082-0618]; EU [MIRG-CT-2005-036536] FX We thank Jonathan Coddington, Ingi Agnarsson, Jeremy Miller, Wayne Matthews, Tatjana Celik, and Simona Kralj-Fiser for discussions and detailed comments on an early draft, Marjan Jarnjak for producing the species distribution snap, Douglas C. Daly (New York Botanical Garden, Bronx) for kindly authorizing the use of the base map of Bletter et al. as our GIS Source, and Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman, Xander Combrink, Sharron Hughes, and Irena Kuntner for help, assistance, or advice. The comments of S. Toft. S. Zschokke and an anonymous reviewer further improved our paper. This research, made possible through at Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife collecting and export permit no. 1010/2006, was supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (grant Z1-7082-0618 to MK) and the EU 6th Framework Programme (Marie Curie grant MIRG-CT-2005-036536 to MK). NR 42 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2008 VL 36 IS 3 BP 583 EP 594 DI 10.1636/T07-54.1 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 378TX UT WOS:000261348000014 ER PT J AU Floeter, SR Rocha, LA Robertson, DR Joyeux, JC Smith-Vaniz, WF Wirtz, P Edwards, AJ Barreiros, JP Ferreira, CEL Gasparini, JL Brito, A Falcon, JM Bowen, BW Bernardi, G AF Floeter, S. R. Rocha, L. A. Robertson, D. R. Joyeux, J. C. Smith-Vaniz, W. F. Wirtz, P. Edwards, A. J. Barreiros, J. P. Ferreira, C. E. L. Gasparini, J. L. Brito, A. Falcon, J. M. Bowen, B. W. Bernardi, G. TI Atlantic reef fish biogeography and evolution SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Atlantic Ocean; biodiversity; biogeographical barriers; biogeographical provinces; historical biogeography; marine biogeography; phylogeography; speciation; Tethys Sea ID SAINT-HELENA-ISLAND; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; SHORE FISHES; WESTERN ATLANTIC; INDO-PACIFIC; PARABLENNIUS-SANGUINOLENTUS; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA AB Aim To understand why and when areas of endemism (provinces) of the tropical Atlantic Ocean were formed, how they relate to each other, and what processes have contributed to faunal enrichment. Location Atlantic Ocean. Methods The distributions of 2605 species of reef fishes were compiled for 25 areas of the Atlantic and southern Africa. Maximum-parsimony and distance analyses were employed to investigate biogeographical relationships among those areas. A collection of 26 phylogenies of various Atlantic reef fish taxa was used to assess patterns of origin and diversification relative to evolutionary scenarios based on spatio-temporal sequences of species splitting produced by geological and palaeoceanographic events. We present data on faunal (species and genera) richness, endemism patterns, diversity buildup (i.e. speciation processes), and evaluate the operation of the main biogeographical barriers and/or filters. Results Phylogenetic (proportion of sister species) and distributional (number of shared species) patterns are generally concordant with recognized biogeographical provinces in the Atlantic. The highly uneven distribution of species in certain genera appears to be related to their origin, with highest species richness in areas with the greatest phylogenetic depth. Diversity buildup in Atlantic reef fishes involved (1) diversification within each province, (2) isolation as a result of biogeographical barriers, and (3) stochastic accretion by means of dispersal between provinces. The timing of divergence events is not concordant among taxonomic groups. The three soft (non-terrestrial) inter-regional barriers (mid-Atlantic, Amazon, and Benguela) clearly act as 'filters' by restricting dispersal but at the same time allowing occasional crossings that apparently lead to the establishment of new populations and species. Fluctuations in the effectiveness of the filters, combined with ecological differences among provinces, apparently provide a mechanism for much of the recent diversification of reef fishes in the Atlantic. Main conclusions Our data set indicates that both historical events (e.g. Tethys closure) and relatively recent dispersal (with or without further speciation) have had a strong influence on Atlantic tropical marine biodiversity and have contributed to the biogeographical patterns we observe today; however, examples of the latter process outnumber those of the former. C1 [Floeter, S. R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Floeter, S. R.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Lab Biogeog & Macroecol Marinha, Dept Ecol & Zool, BR-88010 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Rocha, L. A.; Bowen, B. W.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Robertson, D. R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO 34002, AA, Panama. [Joyeux, J. C.; Gasparini, J. L.] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, BR-29060 Vitoria, ES, Brazil. [Smith-Vaniz, W. F.] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Wirtz, P.] Univ Algarve, Ctr Ciencias Mar, P-8000117 Faro, Portugal. [Edwards, A. J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Barreiros, J. P.] Univ Fed Fluminense, Dept Biol Marinha, BR-24001970 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. [Ferreira, C. E. L.] Univ La Laguna, Dpto Biol Anim Ciencias Marinas, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Brito, A.; Falcon, J. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Floeter, SR (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Lab Biogeog & Macroecol Marinha, Dept Ecol & Zool, BR-88010 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. EM floeter@ccb.ufsc.br RI Edwards, Alasdair/C-9558-2009; Bernardi, Giacomo/F-6346-2011; Floeter, Sergio/B-1438-2012; Rocha, Luiz/C-5107-2011; Ferreira, Carlos Eduardo /J-2571-2012; UALG, CCMAR/N-7071-2013; Barreiros, Joao Pedro/D-3078-2014 OI Edwards, Alasdair/0000-0002-2979-7389; Bernardi, Giacomo/0000-0002-8249-4678; Barreiros, Joao Pedro/0000-0003-4531-6685 NR 165 TC 206 Z9 217 U1 4 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 BP 22 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01790.x PG 26 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 240KW UT WOS:000251587500002 ER PT J AU Punyasena, SW Eshel, G McElwain, JC AF Punyasena, Surangi W. Eshel, Gidon McElwain, Jennifer C. TI The influence of climate on the spatial patterning of Neotropical plant families SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate; eigen analysis; Gentry transect data; Neotropics; plant diversity; precipitation; temperature; tropical forest composition ID TROPICAL FOREST BIODIVERSITY; AFRICAN RAIN-FOREST; SPECIES RICHNESS; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; COMMUNITY DIVERSITY; RANGE SIZE; TREE; ECOLOGY; TRENDS; 20TH-CENTURY AB Aim Climate is recognized for the significant role it plays in the global distribution of plant species diversity. We test the extent to which two aspects of climate, namely temperature and precipitation, explain the spatial distribution of high taxonomic groupings (plant families) at a regional spatial resolution (the Neotropics). Our goal is to provide a quantitative and comparative framework for identifying the local effects of climate on the familial composition of tropical forests by identifying the influence of climate on the number of individuals and the number of species within a given family. Location One hundred and forty-four 0.1-ha forest transect sites from the Neotropics (19.8 degrees N-27.0 degrees S and 40.1 degrees W-105.1 degrees W). Data were originally collected by A.H. Gentry. Methods Spatial variability in the abundance (density) and species richness of 159 tropical plant families across a range of predominately lowland Neotropical landscapes were attributed to eight temperature and precipitation measures using the eigen analysis method of two-field joint single-value decomposition. Results Climate significantly affects the within-clade diversity of several ecologically important Neotropical plant families. Intrafamily abundance and richness covary with temperature in some families (e.g. Fabaceae) and with precipitation in others (e.g. Bignoniaceae, Arecaceae), with differing climatic preferences observed even among co-occurring families. In addition, the family-level composition of Neotropical forests, in both abundance and richness, appears to be influenced more by temperature than by precipitation. Among lowland families, only Asteraceae increased in species richness with decreasing temperature, although several families, including Melastomataceae and Rubiaceae, are more abundant at lower temperatures. Main conclusions Although plant diversity is known to vary as a function of climate at the species level, we document clear climatic preferences even at the rank of family. Temperature plays a stronger role in governing the familial composition of tropical forests, particularly in the richness of families, than might be expected given its narrow annual and diurnal range in the tropics. Although other environmental or geographic variables that covary with temperature may be more causally linked to diversity differences than temperature itself, the results nonetheless identify the taxonomic components of tropical forest composition that may be most affected by future climatic changes. C1 [Punyasena, Surangi W.] Univ Chicago, Comm Evolut Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Eshel, Gidon] Bard Coll Simons Rock, Div Sci Math & Comp, Great Barrington, MA 01230 USA. [McElwain, Jennifer C.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Punyasena, SW (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archaeol, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM punyasenas@si.edu RI Punyasena, Surangi/C-9134-2011; OI McElwain, Jennifer/0000-0002-1729-6755 NR 84 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01773.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 240KW UT WOS:000251587500008 ER PT J AU Brenes-Arguedas, T Coley, PD Kursar, TA AF Brenes-Arguedas, Tania Coley, Phyllis D. Kursar, Thomas A. TI Divergence and diversity in the defensive ecology of Inga at two Neotropical sites SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ant defences; chemical defences; community interactions; defence assembly; extra-floral nectaries; herbivore pressure; herbivory; indirect defences; Inga; seasonality ID YOUNG LEAVES; UMBELLIFERA FABACEAE; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; RAIN-FOREST; PLANT; TREE; HERBIVORES; MIMOSOIDEAE; COEVOLUTION; METABOLITE AB 1. Tropical plants express multiple defensive traits that enable them to resist, deter or escape herbivores. In this study, we approached plant defensive adaptations by focusing on variation and interaction between sets of plant defensive strategies from a community perspective. 2. We compared two sites: the aseasonal Amazonian forest of Yasuni, Ecuador, and the seasonal forest of Barro Colorado National Monument (BCNM), Panama. We suggest that differences in ant abundance between these sites influence the divergence, local assembly and interaction of chemical and indirect ant-mediated defences in 18 tree species of the genus Inga (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae). 3. Relative ant abundance and visitation to extra floral nectaries were significantly higher at Yasuni than at BCNM. Correspondingly, Yasuni Ingas had low leaf extract bioactivity compared with BCNM Ingas, suggesting that Yasuni Ingas rely more on indirect ant defences, while BCNM Ingas rely more on chemical defences. 4. Yasuni Ingas varied widely in their ant visitation and extract bioactivity, and the strategies were negatively correlated in a trade-off like pattern. In comparison, BCNM Ingas had a positive correlation and little variation in their ant visitation, suggesting that their defence ecology was driven by environmental characteristics other than ants. 5. An experiment planting the same Inga species at both sites supported the prediction of higher herbivore pressure at Yasuni than at BCNM. However, leaf damage to naturally occurring Ingas was similar between sites, suggesting that the adaptations at the two sites were equally effective. Damage levels were also similar among species with contrasting defensive strategies, suggesting that ant and chemical strategies were also equally effective at a single site. 6. Synthesis. While tropical forests are thought to be a cradle of specialized interactions that promote diversification and allow the coexistence of a large number of species, the observed divergence in the defence ecology of Inga between these two sites suggests that general community characteristics can also promote diversity by favouring local and geographical diversity in defensive solutions. C1 [Brenes-Arguedas, Tania; Coley, Phyllis D.; Kursar, Thomas A.] Univ Utah, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Coley, Phyllis D.; Kursar, Thomas A.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Brenes-Arguedas, T (reprint author), Apdo 453-2010 Zapote, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM taniabrenes@gmail.com NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 96 IS 1 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01327.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 258CR UT WOS:000252846500014 ER PT J AU Boomer, KB Weller, DE Jordan, TE AF Boomer, Kathleen B. Weller, Donald E. Jordan, Thornas E. TI Empirical models based on the universal soil loss equation fail to predict sediment discharges from Chesapeake bay catchments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC REGION; LAND-USE CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; NUTRIENT DISCHARGES; DRAINAGE-BASIN; EROSION; RIVER; YIELD; WATERSHEDS; COVER AB The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its derivatives are widely used for identifying watersheds with a high potential for degrading stream water quality. We compared sediment yields estimated from regional application of the USLE, the automated revised RUSLE2, and five sediment delivery ratio algorithms to measured annual average sediment delivery in 78 catchments of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. We did the same comparisons for another 23 catchments monitored by the USGS. Predictions exceeded observed sediment yields by more than 100% and were highly correlated with USLE erosion predictions (Pearson r range, 0.73-0.92; p < 0.001). RUSLE2 erosion estimates were highly correlated with USLE estimates (r = 0.87; p < 001), so the method of implementing the USLE model did not change the results. In ranked comparisons between observed and predicted sediment yields, the models failed to identify catchments with higher yields (r range, -0.28-0.00; p > 0.14). In a multiple regression analysis, soil erodibility, log (stream flow), basin shape (topographic relief ratio), the square-root transformed proportion of forest, and occurrence in the Appalachian Plateau province explained 55% of the observed variance in measured suspended sediment loads, but the model performed poorly (r(2) = 0.06) at predicting loads in the 23 USGS watersheds not used in fitting the model. The use of USLE or multiple regression models to predict sediment yields is not advisable despite their present widespread application. Integrated watershed models based on the USLE may also be unsuitable for making management decisions. C1 [Boomer, Kathleen B.; Weller, Donald E.; Jordan, Thornas E.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Boomer, KB (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM boomerk@si.edu OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 NR 80 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 37 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0094 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 254YX UT WOS:000252625000009 PM 18178880 ER PT J AU Lichtenberg, EM Hallager, S AF Lichtenberg, Elinor M. Hallager, Sara TI A description of commonly observed behaviors for the kori bustard (Ardeotis kori) SO JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethogram; Ardeotis kori; bustard; individual behavior; Africa ID COURTSHIP DISPLAY; GREAT BUSTARD AB The kori bustard (Ardeotis kori), a large ground-dwelling bird found in southern and eastern Africa, is declining throughout its entire range. We present an ethogram of the kori bustard in which we describe 63 individual behaviors. These behaviors are grouped into ten categories: resting, comfort/maintenance, locomotion, ingestive/excretory, antagonistic, inter-specific response, sexual, maternal, vocalizations and miscellaneous. The precise descriptions of kori bustard behaviors presented here provide a standard that can be used for systematic and quantitative study of kori bustard behavior, both in the wild and in captivity. A greater understanding of kori bustard behavior can help improve breeding success of captive birds and aid future conservation efforts. C1 [Lichtenberg, Elinor M.; Hallager, Sara] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Hallager, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM hallagers@si.edu RI Lichtenberg, Elinor/I-4126-2012; OI Lichtenberg, Elinor/0000-0002-2729-4534 NR 56 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0289-0771 J9 J ETHOL JI J. Ethol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1 BP 17 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s10164-006-0030-z PG 18 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 244XL UT WOS:000251898500003 ER PT J AU Kim, S Park, MG Kim, KY Kim, CH Yih, W Park, JS Coats, DW AF Kim, Sunju Park, Myung Gil Kim, Keun-Yong Kim, Chang-Hoon Yih, Wonho Park, Jong Soo Coats, D. Wayne TI Genetic diversity of parasitic dinoflagellates in the genus Amoebophrya and its relationship to parasite biology and biogeography SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium affine; Amoebophrya; Gonyaulax polygramma; host specificity; molecular phylogeny; parasite; 18S rRNA gene ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC POSITION; ALEXANDRIUM-AFFINE; CHESAPEAKE BAY; 2 STRAINS; DINOPHYTA; SEQUENCE; APICOMPLEXANS; DUBOSCQUELLA; PICOPLANKTON AB We determined 18S rRNA gene sequences of Amoebophrya strains infecting the thecate dinoflagellates Alexandrium affine and Gonyaulax polygramma from Korean coastal waters and compared those data with previously reported sequences of Amoebophrya from cultures, infected cells concentrated from field samples, and environmental 18S rRNA gene sequences obtained from a variety of marine environments. Further, we used these data to examine genetic diversity in Amoebophrya strains relative to geographic origin, host phylogeny, site of infection, and host specificity. In our analyses of known dinoflagellate taxa, the 13 available Amoebophrya sequences clustered together within the dinoflagellates as three groups forming a monophyletic group with high bootstrap support (maximum likelihood, ML: 100%) or a posterior probability (PP) of 1. When the Amoebophrya sequences were analyzed along with environmental sequences associated with Marine Alveolate Group II, nine subgroups formed a monophyletic group with high bootstrap support (ML: 100%) and PP of 1. Sequences known to be from Amoebophrya spp. infecting dinoflagellate hosts were distributed in seven of those subgroups. Despite differences in host species and geographic origin (Korea, United States, and Europe), Amoebophrya strains (Group II) from Gymnodinium instriatum, A. affine, Ceratium tripos (AY208892), Prorocentrum micans, and Ceratium lineatum grouped together by all of our tree construction methods, even after adding the environmental sequences. By contrast, strains within Groups I and III divided into several lineages following inclusion of environmental sequences. While Amoebophrya strains within Group II mostly developed within the host cytoplasm, strains in Groups I and III formed infections inside the host nucleus, a trait that appeared across several of the subgroups. Host specificity varied from moderately to extremely species-specific within groups, including Group II. Taken together, our results imply that genetic diversity in Amoebophrya strains does not always reflect parasite biology or biogeography. C1 [Kim, Sunju; Park, Myung Gil; Park, Jong Soo] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Lab HAB Ecophysiol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Kim, Keun-Yong; Kim, Chang-Hoon] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Aquaculture, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Yih, Wonho] Kunsan Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Gunsan 573701, South Korea. [Coats, D. Wayne] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Park, MG (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Lab HAB Ecophysiol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM mpark@chonnam.ac.kr OI Park, Jong Soo/0000-0001-6253-5199 NR 45 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00295.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 257CB UT WOS:000252775700001 PM 18251796 ER PT J AU Blum, MJ AF Blum, M. J. TI Ecological and genetic associations across a Heliconius hybrid zone SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colour pattern evolution; habitat preferences; hybrid zone movement; speciation ID PASSION-VINE BUTTERFLIES; WARNING-COLOR; HABITAT PREFERENCE; NATURAL-SELECTION; SHIFTING BALANCE; MATE PREFERENCE; MIMICRY; SPECIATION; EVOLUTION; ERATO AB Differences in habitat use can bridge early and late stages of speciation by initiating assortative mating. Heliconius colour pattern races might select habitats over which each pattern confers a relative fitness advantage because signal efficacy of wing patterns can vary by environment. Thus habitat preferences could serve to promote the evolution of mimetic colour patterns for mate choice. Here I compare colour pattern genotype and phenotype frequencies to environmental variation across the H. erato hydara x H. erato erato hybrid zone in French Guiana to determine whether races exhibit habitat preferences. I found that genotype and phenotype frequencies correspond to differences in land cover moreso than to other environmental factors. Temporal shifts in colour pattern genotypes, phenotypes and land cover also were associated at individual sample sites, which further suggests that H. erato races differ in habitat use and that habitat preferences may promote speciation among Heliconius butterflies. C1 [Blum, M. J.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. [Blum, M. J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Isl Mol Labs, Panama City, Panama. RP Blum, MJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 310 Dinwiddie Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM mjblum@tulane.edu NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1 BP 330 EP 341 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01440.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 242ZV UT WOS:000251765600032 PM 18171387 ER PT J AU Georgescu, MD Huber, BT AF Georgescu, Marius D. Huber, Brian T. TI Taxonomic re-evaluation and phylogeny of the stellate planktonic foraminiferal genus Hastigerinoides Bronnimann, 1952 SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The Late Cretaceous (Coniacian-Santonian) planktonic foraminiferal genus Hastigerinoides is emended. A new species, H. atlanticus nov. sp., is proposed for the tests with one or rarely two last-formed chambers that are strongly radially elongate and distally tapering in the final whorl. Hastigerinoides consists of three phylogenetically related species: H. clavata (Bronnimann, 1952), H. atlanticus nov. sp., and H. alexanderi (Cushman, 1931). This genus evolved from Globigerinelloides escheri, a Coniacian-middle Campanian, globular- to suglobular-chambered species. C1 [Georgescu, Marius D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Huber, Brian T.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Georgescu, MD (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM dgeorge@ucalgary.ca NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 38 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.2113/gsjfr.38.1.52 PG 7 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 257TW UT WOS:000252822400006 ER PT J AU Crowley, JW Mitrovica, JX Bailey, RC Tamisiea, ME Davis, JL AF Crowley, John W. Mitrovica, Jerry X. Bailey, Richard C. Tamisiea, Mark E. Davis, James L. TI Annual variations in water storage and precipitation in the Amazon Basin SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE); tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM); CPC merged analysis of precipitation (CMAP); hydrological balance; Amazon Basin; land water storage ID GRACE; RECOVERY; GRAVITY; BALANCE AB We combine satellite gravity data from the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) and precipitation measurements from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center's (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), over the period from mid-2002 to mid-2006, to investigate the relative importance of sink (runoff and evaporation) and source (precipitation) terms in the hydrological balance of the Amazon Basin. When linear and quadratic terms are removed, the time-series of land water storage variations estimated from GRACE exhibits a dominant annual signal of 250 mm peak-to-peak, which is equivalent to a water volume change of similar to 1,800 km(3). A comparison of this trend with accumulated (i.e., integrated) precipitation shows excellent agreement and no evidence of basin saturation. The agreement indicates that the net runoff and evaporation contributes significantly less than precipitation to the annual hydrological mass balance. Indeed, raw residuals between the de-trended water storage and precipitation anomalies range from +/- 40 mm. This range is consistent with stream-flow measurements from the region, although the latter are characterized by a stronger annual signal than our residuals, suggesting that runoff and evaporation may act to partially cancel each other. C1 [Crowley, John W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mitrovica, Jerry X.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bailey, Richard C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Geol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Tamisiea, Mark E.; Davis, James L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Crowley, JW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM crowley@geophysics.harvard.edu; jxm@physics.utoronto.ca; bailey@physics.utoronto.ca; mtamisiea@cfa.harvard.edu; jdavis@cfa.harvard.edu RI Davis, James/D-8766-2013; OI Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X; Crowley, John/0000-0001-8655-7907 NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD JAN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s00190-007-0153-1 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 244LA UT WOS:000251866200002 ER PT J AU Myers, SH AF Myers, Susan H. TI The Smithsonian Institution and American Glass Manufacturers, 1904-1917 SO JOURNAL OF GLASS STUDIES LA English DT Article AB After a hiatus of about eight years, from 1896 to around 1904, the Smithsonian Institution resumed active collecting of contemporary American glass. This venture was stimulated by the promise of a new museum building that was expected to ease the desperately crowded storage and exhibit space, and by the prospect of collecting opportunities at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis in 1904. This is the second of three articles on the collecting of American glass at the Smithsonian. It covers the period between 1904 and 1917, which featured a growing emphasis on the acquisition of educational materials-such as scale-model glass furnaces and tools of production-along with samples of the glass itself. Donations were received from the Libbey, Union, and Fostoria glass companies. In 1914 and 1915, the Macbeth-Evans Glass Company donated hundreds of pieces, and George Macbeth worked closely with the Smithsonian's curator to create a heavily technological exhibit, the first in a series for the museum's new Division of Mineral Technology. In 1917, C. Dorflinger & Sons Inc. donated examples of tableware, colored glass, and glasses that illustrated the technique of cutting. C1 [Myers, Susan H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Home & Community Life, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Myers, Susan H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Social Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Myers, SH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Home & Community Life, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM shm141@msn.com NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CORNING MUSEUM GLASS PI CORNING PA CORNING GLASS CENTER, CORNING, NY 14831 USA SN 0075-4250 J9 J GLASS STUD JI J. Glass Stud. PY 2008 VL 50 BP 217 EP + PG 33 WC Art SC Art GA 372XF UT WOS:000260934900015 ER PT J AU Maslakova, SA Norenburg, JL AF Maslakova, Svetlana A. Norenburg, Jon L. TI Revision of the smiling worms, genus Prosorhochmus Keferstein, 1862, and description of a new species, Prosorhochmus belizeanus sp nov (Prosorhochmidae, Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) from Florida and Belize SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE nemertea; Prosorhochmus; Arhochmus; smiling worms; cytochrome oxidase I; 16S rDNA ID MONOSTILIFERA; INVERTEBRATES; TAXA AB A new species of Prosorhochmus is described from Belize and Florida based on morphological, reproductive and sequence data. Similar to Prosorhochmus nelsoni (Sanchez, 1973), Prosorhochmus belizeanus sp. nov. is gonochoric and oviparous; all other species of Prosorhochmus are viviparous hermaphrodites. Prosorhochmus belizeanus sp. nov. differs from P. nelsoni by having significantly larger stylets and different arrangement of acidophilic cephalic glands. Sequence divergence between the two is 7.4% (16S) and 9.1% (COI), comparable to divergence from the viviparous hermaphroditic species. Prosorhochmus Keferstein, 1862 is revised based on re-evaluation of the type and voucher material as well as fresh specimens collected by us. We conclude that Prosorhochmus adriaticus Senz, 1993 is insufficiently described and cannot be distinguished from Prosorhochmus claparedii Keferstein, 1862. We re-establish Prosorhochmus korotneffi Burger, 1895 from its previous synonymization with P. claparedii and designate it as type species of Arhochmus gen. nov. C1 [Maslakova, Svetlana A.] Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Charleston, OR USA. [Norenburg, Jon L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Maslakova, SA (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Charleston, OR USA. EM svetlana@uoregon.edu RI Norenburg, Jon/K-3481-2015 OI Norenburg, Jon/0000-0001-7776-1527 NR 57 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 17-18 BP 1219 EP 1260 DI 10.1080/00222930801995747 PG 42 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 323TB UT WOS:000257470200001 ER PT J AU Maslakova, SA Norenburg, JL AF Maslakova, Svetlana A. Norenburg, Jon L. TI Revision of the smiling worms, genera Prosadenoporus Burger, 1890 and Pantinonemertes Moore and Gibson, 1981 and description of a new species Prosadenoporus floridensis sp nov (Prosorhochmidae; Hoplonemertea; Nemertea) from Florida and Belize SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE nemertea; Prosadenoporus; Pantinonemertes; Prosorhochmidae; semi-terrestrial ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; TERRESTRIAL NEMERTEANS; LAND NEMERTINES; MONOSTILIFERA; KEFERSTEIN; PHYLOGENY; AUSTRALIA; EVOLUTION; FAMILY AB The hoplonemertean genera Prosadenoporus Burger, 1890 and Pantinonemertes Moore and Gibson, 1981 are revised and synonymized based on a morphological re-evaluation. We redefine Prosadenoporus Burger, 1890 on the basis of characters held in common by the eight species: Prosadenoporus agricola (Willemoes-Suhm, 1874) comb. nov., Prosadenoporus arenarius Burger, 1890, Prosadenoporus spectaculum (Yamaoka, 1940) comb. nov., Prosadenoporus winsori (Moore and Gibson, 1981) comb. nov., Prosadenoporus enalios (Moore and Gibson, 1981) comb. nov., Prosadenoporus mooreae (Gibson, 1982b) comb. nov., Prosadenoporus mortoni (Gibson, 1990) comb. nov. and Prosadenoporus fujianensis (Sun, 2001) comb. nov. We describe a new semi-terrestrial species Prosadenoporus floridensis sp. nov. from Belize and Florida and compare its morphology to other species of Prosadenoporus. The average sequence divergence of P. floridensis sp. nov. from other congeners is 9.15% (16S) and 10.65% (COI) and 7.8% and 10.3% respectively from the nearest sequenced congener P. mortoni. C1 [Maslakova, Svetlana A.] Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Charleston, OR USA. [Norenburg, Jon L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Maslakova, SA (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Charleston, OR USA. EM svetlana@uoregon.edu RI Norenburg, Jon/K-3481-2015 OI Norenburg, Jon/0000-0001-7776-1527 NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 25-26 BP 1689 EP 1727 DI 10.1080/00222930802130286 PG 39 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 339OW UT WOS:000258587900002 ER PT J AU Tierney, SM Gonzales-Ojeda, T Wcislo, WT AF Tierney, Simon M. Gonzales-Ojeda, Therany Wcislo, William T. TI Biology of a nocturnal bee, Megalopta atra (Hymenoptera : Halictidae; Augochlorini), from the Panamanian highlands SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Augochlorini; Megalopta; nesting biology; nocturnal bees; social evolution ID SOCIAL SWEAT BEES; RUBICUNDUS HYMENOPTERA; GENALIS HYMENOPTERA; NESTING BIOLOGY; ECUADORIA HYMENOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; SOLITARY; POPULATION AB Bees of the genus Megalopta have gained attention as a result of their social nesting and nocturnal foraging. Seventeen nests of Meglaopta atra from the highlands of Chiriqui Province, Panama, were collected at the end of the dry season when brood rearing is expected to be at its peak. Most nests contained single females; within multifemale nests only one female possessed enlarged ovarioles, although some non-reproductive individuals were inseminated. In two of these nests reproductive individuals were clearly larger in body size than nestmates, but body size variation and macrocephaly were equivalent to those found in other Neotropical augochlorines. There was no evidence of a non-reproductive worker-like caste and multifemale nests did not appear to be more productive than solitary nests, which may represent pre-reproductive assemblages. Megalopta atra appears to be isolated by altitude from co-geners common in Panama, this is discussed in comparison with temperate halictine bees, in which environmental clines separate solitary from social populations. C1 [Tierney, Simon M.; Wcislo, William T.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Gonzales-Ojeda, Therany] Univ Nacl San Antonio Abad Cusco Sede Puerto Mald, Fac Ciencias Forestales & Medio Ambiente, Puerto Maldonado, Madre Dios, Peru. RP Tierney, SM (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM tierneys@si.edu RI Tierney, Simon/H-2410-2015 OI Tierney, Simon/0000-0002-8812-6753 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; National Geographic Society Research and Exploration; ANAM [DAPVS-01-2007] FX We would like to thank STRI staff Orelis Arosemana, Carlos Espinosa, Marcela Paz and Don Windsor for logistical support, and Emmet Gowin for practical assistance with light traps. We are indebted to Charles Michener and Adam Smith for constructive advice on earlier versions of this manuscript. This work was supported by an Earl S. Tupper Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute to S. M. T. and by a National Geographic Society Research and Exploration Grant awarded to W. T. W. and S. M. T. Collections were made under ANAM Permit no. DAPVS-01-2007. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 27-28 BP 1841 EP 1847 DI 10.1080/00222930802109124 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 339PF UT WOS:000258588800002 ER PT J AU Kiel, S AF Kiel, Steffen TI An unusual new gastropod from an Eocene hydrocarbon seep in Washington state SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN WASHINGTON; ABYSSOCHRYSOS GASTROPODA; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; METHANE; CAENOGASTROPODA; LOXONEMATOIDEA; PALEONTOLOGY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; COMMUNITIES; MOLLUSKS C1 [Kiel, Steffen] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Kiel, Steffen] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kiel, S (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM steffen.kiel@gmx.de RI Kiel, Steffen/C-3150-2009 OI Kiel, Steffen/0000-0001-6281-100X NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 188 EP 191 DI 10.1666/06-029.1 PG 4 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 250HN UT WOS:000252290700014 ER PT J AU Cousin, J Chen, WD Fourmentin, M Fertein, E Boucher, D Cazier, F Nouali, H Dewaele, D Douay, M Rothman, LS AF Cousin, Julien Chen, Weidong Fourmentin, Marc Fertein, Eric Boucher, Daniel Cazier, Fabrice Nouali, Habiba Dewaele, Dorothee Douay, Marc Rothman, Laurence S. TI Laser spectroscopic monitoring of gas emission and measurements of the C-13/C-12 isotope ratio in CO2 from a wood-based combustion SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE near-infrared spectroscopy; (CO2)-C-13/(CO2)-C-12 isotopic ratio; combustion gases measurements; external cavity diode laser ID FEEDBACK DIODE-LASER; MU-M; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CAVITY RING; SPECTROMETER; PRECISION; REGION; SENSOR; H2O AB We report on the application of a compact and field-deployable instrument, based on a continuous-wave fiber-coupled Telecom external cavity diode laser, to measure the C-13/C-12 isotope ratio in CO2 from a wood-based combustion. Carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gas, is a major product of combustion. The measurements of the 13C/12C isotopic ratio in CO2 from combustion emission permit one to identify the CO, source and to study the temporal and spatial variations of pollution in the atmosphere. The average value of the (CO2)-C-13/(CO2)-C-12 ratio is found to be (1.1011 +/- 0.0024)%. The corresponding delta-value relative to PDB standard is (-20.17 +/- 2.14)parts per thousand, which is in good agreement with the typical value of (-25 +/- 2)parts per thousand for wood. Simultaneous monitoring of multiple species from gas emission has been performed using direct-absorption spectroscopy. The concentrations Of C2H2, CO, CO2 and H2O were determined on the basis of integrated absorbance measured by least-squares fitting a Voigt lineshape to experimental absorption spectra. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, CNRS, UMR 8101, Lab PhysicoChim Atmosphere, F-59140 Dunkerque, France. Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, Ctr Commun Mesures, F-59140 Dunkerque, France. Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523, Lab Phys Lasers Atomes & Mol, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chen, WD (reprint author), Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, CNRS, UMR 8101, Lab PhysicoChim Atmosphere, 189 A Av Maurice Schumann, F-59140 Dunkerque, France. EM chen@univ-littoral.fr OI Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 109 IS 1 BP 151 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.05.010 PG 17 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 239CB UT WOS:000251494600012 ER PT J AU Erickson, AA Feller, IC Paul, VJ Kwiatkowski, LM Lee, W AF Erickson, Amy A. Feller, Ilka C. Paul, Valerie J. Kwiatkowski, Lisa M. Lee, Woody TI Selection of an omnivorous diet by the mangrove tree crab Aratus pisonii in laboratory experiments SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Meeting on Mangrove Macrobenthos CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Coolangatta, AUSTRALIA DE Aratus pisonii; compensatory feeding; feeding preference; mangroves; omnivores; Rhizophora mangle ID FEEDING PREFERENCE EXPERIMENTS; NEOSARMATIUM-SMITHI CRUSTACEA; HERBIVOROUS MARINE AMPHIPOD; PREY NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; SALT-MARSH CRAB; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; LEAF-LITTER; DOLABELLA-AURICULARIA; CHEMICAL DEFENSES; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Observational studies on leaf damage, gut content analyses, and crab behaviour have demonstrated that like numerous other mangrove and salt-marsh generalists, the mangrove tree crab Aratus pisonii feeds on a variety of food resources. This study is the first that experimentally tests feeding preferences of A. pisonii, as well as the first to test experimentally whether chemical composition of food resources is responsible for food selection. Feeding preferences were determined among a variety of plant, algal, and animal resources available in the field both in Florida and Belize, using multiple-choice feeding assays, where male and female crabs simultaneously were offered a variety of food items. To test whether chemistry of food resources was responsible for feeding preferences, chemical extracts of food resources were incorporated in an agar-based artificial food, and used in feeding assays. Results of feeding assays suggest that crabs prefer animal matter from similar to 2.5 to 13x more than other available resources, including leaves of the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle, which contribute the most to their natural diet. Artificial feeding assays also demonstrated that chemical cues were responsible for selection of animal matter, up to 25x more than other available resources. Non-polar extracts (derived from extraction in 1:1 ethyl actetate:methanol) stimulated feeding the most, suggesting that fatty acids, triglycerides, or sterols maybe important for growth, reproduction, or survival. Results for both sexes were similar across most assays. While chemical composition of food resources appears to play some role in selection, this does not discount the potential role of other factors, such as resource availability, competition, predation, or reproductive requirements in influencing feeding preferences. Bioassay-guided fractionation of extracts should aid in determining chemical constituents that play the greatest role in determining feeding preferences. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Erickson, Amy A.; Paul, Valerie J.; Kwiatkowski, Lisa M.; Lee, Woody] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Feller, Ilka C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Erickson, AA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol, 1 Univ Pl, Shreveport, LA 71115 USA. EM Amy.Erickson@lsus.edu OI Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 80 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PY 2008 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2007.06.007 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 269KJ UT WOS:000253647600006 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, A AF Hutchinson, Alvin TI Evaluations of individual scientists and research institutions, vol 1-2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Hutchinson, Alvin] Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. RP Hutchinson, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. EM htitchinsona@si.edu OI Hutchinson, Alvin/0000-0003-4378-4573 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1532-2882 J9 J AM SOC INF SCI TEC JI J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 59 IS 1 BP 160 EP 161 DI 10.1002/asi.20726 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 252CR UT WOS:000252423000018 ER PT J AU Metz, MR Comita, LS Chen, YY Norden, N Condit, R Hubbell, SP Sun, IF Noor, NSBM Wright, SJ AF Metz, Margaret R. Comita, Liza S. Chen, Yu-Yun Norden, Natalia Condit, Richard Hubbell, Stephen P. Sun, I-Fang Noor, Nur Supardi bin Md. Wright, S. Joseph TI Temporal and spatial variability in seedling dynamics: a cross-site comparison in four lowland tropical forests SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; El Nino; masting; Nouragues; Pasoh; recruitment; seedling demography; Yasuni ID RAIN-FOREST; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; AMAZONIAN FORESTS; TREE DIVERSITY; DISPERSAL; PREDATION; COMMUNITIES; COEXISTENCE AB Spatial and temporal variation in seedling dynamics was assessed using records of community-wide seedling demography collected with identical monitoring methods at four tropical lowland forests in Panama, Malaysia, Ecuador and French Guiana for periods of between 3 and 10 y. At each site, the fates of between 8617 and 391 777 seedlings were followed through annual censuses of the 370-1.008 1-m(2) seedling plots. Within-site spatial and inter-annual variation in density, recruitment, growth and mortality was compared with among-site variability using Bayesian hierarchical modelling to determine the generality of each site's patterns and potential for meaningful comparisons among sites. The Malaysian forest, which experiences community-wide masting, was the most variable in both seedling density and recruitment. However, density varied year-to-year at all sites (CV(among years at site) = 8-43%), driven largely by high variability in recruitment rates (CV = 40-117%). At all sites, recruitment was more variable than mortality (CV = 5-64%) or growth (CV = 12-51%). Increases in mortality rates lagged I y behind large recruitment events. Within-site spatial variation and inter-annual differences were greater than differences among site averages in all rates, emphasizing the value of long-term comparative studies when generalizing how spatial and temporal variation drive patterns of recruitment in tropical forests. C1 [Metz, Margaret R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Comita, Liza S.; Chen, Yu-Yun] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Norden, Natalia] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, UMR 7154, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Condit, Richard; Hubbell, Stephen P.; Wright, S. Joseph] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Condit, Richard] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Sun, I-Fang] Tunghai Univ, Ctr Trop Ecol & Biodivers, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. [Condit, Richard; Hubbell, Stephen P.; Wright, S. Joseph] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 52109, Malaysia. RP Metz, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmetz@berkeley.edu RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Comita, Liza/0000-0002-9169-1331 NR 55 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 39 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1017/S0266467407004695 PN 1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257TU UT WOS:000252822200002 ER PT J AU Yavitt, JB Wright, SJ AF Yavitt, Joseph B. Wright, S. Joseph TI Seedling growth responses to water and nutrient augmentation in the understorey of a lowland moist forest, Panama SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Doliocarpus olivaceus; drought; Faramea occidentalis; fertilization; irrigation; nutrients; Panama; relative growth rate; seedlings; soil; Tetragastris panamensis ID TROPICAL TREE SEEDLINGS; DRY-SEASON IRRIGATION; RAIN-FOREST; TRADE-OFFS; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; WOODY SEEDLINGS; DROUGHT; LIGHT; SOIL; TOLERANT AB We irrigated and fertilized (with nutrients) seedlings of Doliocarpus olivaceus (Dilleniaceae, a shade-tolerant liana), Faramea occidentalis (Rubiaceae, a shade-tolerant understorey tree) and Tetragastris panamensis (Burseraceae, a shade-tolerant canopy tree) growing in the understorey of an old-growth tropical moist forest in Panama to assess the impact of seasonal water availability and nutrient-poor soils on seedling growth rates. In control plots, height growth rates were greater in the dry season than in the wet season for Doliocarpus (21%) and for Faramea (89%), whereas Tetragastris had similar seasonal rates. For numbers of leaves, Faramea had 3.5-fold greater relative growth rates in the dry season than in the wet season, while Doliocarpus and Tetragastris lost leaves (semi-deciduous) during the same period. Irrigation and nutrient augmentation increased height growth rates for all three species (45% to 272%,). For Doliocarpus, irrigation and nutrient augmentation prevented leaf fall during the dry season. For Faramea in the dry season, irrigation and nutrient augmentation when applied independently reduced the growth of new leaves by 65%, to 87%, but relative growth rates for number of leaves were the same as the control rates in the combined irrigation and nutrient augmentation treatment. The growth of new leaves for Tetragastris responded to dry-season irrigation but not nutrient augmentation. Although all measurements occurred beneath the forest canopy, during the dry season, Tetragastris had a negative relationship between canopy openness and relative growth rate for number of leaves, whereas the other two species had a positive relationship. Our results show that soil resources influence growth rates even in the deep shade of the forest understorey, and demonstrate different responses to soil resources among species that might contribute to niche differentiation and species coexistence. C1 [Yavitt, Joseph B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wright, S. Joseph] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Yavitt, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jby1@cornell.edu RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 50 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1017/S0266467407004713 PN 1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257TU UT WOS:000252822200003 ER PT J AU Sues, HD Reisz, RR AF Sues, Hans-Dieter Reisz, Robert R. TI ANATOMY AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF SCLEROSAURUS ARMATUS (AMNIOTA: PARAREPTILIA) FROM THE BUNTSANDSTEIN (TRIASSIC) OF EUROPE SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We present an anatomical redescription and reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships of Sclerosaurus armatus Meyer in Fischer, 1857, a parareptile from the Lower to lower Middle Triassic Buntsandstein of southern Germany and northern Switzerland. This taxon is distinguished from other known parareptiles by the possession of long, posterolaterally projecting spikes formed by supratemporals, posterior dentary teeth with mesiolingually aligned and slightly imbricating crowns, and a narrow band of dorsal dermal armor comprising two or three rows of sculptured osteoderms on either side of the midline. Phylogenetic analysis places Sclerosaurus in the Procolophonidae rather than as the sister taxon of Pareiasauria. Furthermore, certain apomorphic character states, particularly the presence of three spines on the quadratojugal, support its referral to the Leptopleuroninae. Sclerosaurus resembles pareiasaurs in the presence of an intercondylar canal on the distal end of the femur, the absence of gastralia, and having a short tail. It is possibly the largest procolophonid known to date. C1 [Sues, Hans-Dieter] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Reisz, Robert R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. RP Sues, HD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 106,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM suesh@si.edu; rreisz@utm.utoronto.ca NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1031 EP 1042 DI 10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1031 PG 12 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V12PH UT WOS:000207610600008 ER PT J AU Cadena, E Jaramillo, C Paramo, ME AF Cadena, Edwin Jaramillo, Carlos Paramo, Maria E. TI NEW MATERIAL OF CHELUS COLOMBIANA (TESTUDINES; PLEURODIRA) FROM THE LOWER MIOCENE OF COLOMBIA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURTLES; PATAGONIA; ARGENTINA; EVOLUTION C1 [Cadena, Edwin; Jaramillo, Carlos] Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon 084303092, AA, Panama. [Paramo, Maria E.] Inst Colombiano Geol & Mineria, Museo Geol Jose Royo & Gomez, Bogota, Colombia. RP Cadena, E (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Dept Geol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ecadena@ufl.edu FU Smithsonian Paleobiology Endowment Fund; INGEOMINAS; Gobernacion de Cundinamarca; Al-caldia de Tocaima FX This project was supported by the Smithsonian Paleobiology Endowment Fund. Thanks to P. Holroyd (UCMP) for excellent pictures of the holotype shell of Chelus colombiana. Editor J. Gardner and two anonymous reviewers made constructive suggestions for improving the manuscript. Useful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript were provided by M. Sanchez Villagra, F. Lapparent de Broin, and A. O'Neal. Additional thanks to: G. Vargas, J. C. Bravo, L. G. Cuervo, and S. Bravo for their help in the field; T. Gaona (INGEOMINAS), O. Aguilera (UNEFM), R. Sanchez (CURS), F. Renault (MNHM AC), and F. de Lapparent de Broin (MNHN) for access to collections; V. Torres and M. Rueda at the Instituto Colombiano del Petroleo for sharing their palynological expertise; J. J. Colorado for preparing the illustrations; N. Atkins for help with the English revision; INGEOMINAS and Gobernacion de Cundinamarca, Al-caldia de Tocaima, for funding fieldwork and fossil preparation; and the Pubenza people for their interest and support. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1206 EP 1212 DI 10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1206 PG 7 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA V12PH UT WOS:000207610600026 ER PT J AU Suh, CE Luhr, JF Njome, MS AF Suh, C. E. Luhr, J. F. Njome, M. S. TI Olivine-hosted glass inclusions from Scoriae erupted in 1954-2000 at Mount Cameroon volcano, West Africa SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mount Cameron; volatiles; glass inclusions ID EXPLOSIVE BASALTIC VOLCANISM; EAST PACIFIC RISE; MELT INCLUSIONS; OXIDATION-STATE; OXYGEN FUGACITY; SULFUR SPECIATION; SPINEL-LHERZOLITE; WAVELENGTH SHIFTS; SILICATE-GLASSES; VOLATILE CONTENT AB Concentrations of major, trace, and volatile elements are reported for olivine-hosted glass inclusions from intraplate-type, nepheline-normative trachybasaltic to basanitic scoria samples representing five historical eruptions (1954, 1959, 1982, 1999, and 2000) of Mount Cameroon (4.20 degrees N, 9.17 degrees E). Bulk-rock and mineral compositions are also reported for the same scoria samples and for lava samples from the same eruptions. Mineral analyses are also presented for a spinel-harzburgite mantle xenolith, which we suggest may be the youngest (and freshest) mantle sample known. Mount Cameroon magmas have eruption temperatures of 1150-1200 degrees C and have relatively high oxygen fugacities just above the trend of the synthetic Ni-NiO buffer. The most primitive glass inclusion analyzed is also the most volatile-rich, with 1.7 wt.% H2O, 967 ppm CO2, 1530 ppm F, 2400 ppm S, and 1270 ppm Cl. The Mount Cameroon F contents are the highest known for basaltic glasses. The relatively high CO2 contents in Mount Cameroon glass inclusions support the interpretation that the CO2 gas responsible for the Lakes Monoun and Nyos gas disasters is magmatic in origin. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Suh, C. E.; Njome, M. S.] Univ Buea, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Econ Geol Unit, Buea, South West Prov, Cameroon. [Luhr, J. F.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Suh, CE (reprint author), Univ Buea, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Econ Geol Unit, POB 63, Buea, South West Prov, Cameroon. EM chuhma@yahoo.com; mnjome@yahoo.com NR 81 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 169 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.004 PG 33 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 253NH UT WOS:000252524400001 ER PT J AU Wisely, SM Howard, J Williams, SA Bain, O Santymire, RM Bardsley, KD Williams, ES AF Wisely, Samantha M. Howard, JoGayle Williams, Steven A. Bain, Odile Santymire, Rachel M. Bardsley, Katherine D. Williams, Elizabeth S. TI An unidentified filarial species and its impact on fitness in wild populations of the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferret; cross-reactivity; Dirofilaria immitis; heartworm antigen; microfilaria; molecular characterization; Mustela nigripes; seroprevalence ID HEARTWORM DIROFILARIA-IMMITIS; SP-N; DISEASES; RACCOON; ONCHOCERCIDAE; SQUIRREL; COYOTES; HEALTH; ISLAND AB Disease can threaten the restoration of endangered species directly by substantially decreasing host survival or indirectly via incremental decreases in survival and reproduction. During a biomedical survey of reintroduced populations of the highly endangered black-footed ferret from 2002 to 2005, microfilariae discovered in the blood were putatively identified as Dirofilaria immitis, and widespread screening was initiated using a commercially available antigen-based ELISA test. A subset of animals (n = 16) was screened for D. immitis using a highly sensitive PCR-based assay. Microfilariae were also molecularly and morphologically characterized. Of 198 animals at six reintroduction sites, 12% bad positive results using the ELISA test. No antigen-positive animals which were screened via PCR (n=11) had positive PCR results, and all antigen-positive animals (n=24) were asymptomatic. No significant differences were found in body mass of antigen-positive (male: 1223 +/- 82 g [mean +/- SD], female: 726 +/- 75 g) vs. antigen-negative (male: 1,198 +/- 19 g, female: 710 +/- 53 g) individuals (P=0.4). Antigen prevalence was lower in juveniles (3%) than adults (12%; P=0.03), and higher in in situ, captive-reared individuals (33%) than wild-born individuals (10%; P=0.005). Morphologic analysis of microfilariae revealed they were neither D. immitis nor any other previously characterized North American species. PC R amplification of die 5S spacer region of rDNA revealed that the filarial sequence shared only 76% identity with D. immitis. This previously unidentified filarial sequence was present in all antigen positive animals (11 of 11 tested). It appears that black-footed ferrets were infected with a previously undescribed species of filaria whose antigen cross-reacted with the ELISA assay, although further analysis is needed to make a conclusive statement. Nonetheless, this previously undescribed filaria does not appear to threaten recovery for this highly endangered mammal. C1 [Wisely, Samantha M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Howard, JoGayle; Santymire, Rachel M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Williams, Steven A.] Smith Coll, NIH, NIAID, Filarial Res Resource Repository Ctr,Clark Sci Ct, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Williams, Steven A.] Smith Coll, Clark Sci Ctr, Dept Biol Sci, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Bain, Odile] Museum Natl Hist Nat, USM Parasitol Comparee & Modeles Expt 307, F-75231 Paris, France. [Santymire, Rachel M.] Davee Ctr Epidemiol & Endocrinol, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Bardsley, Katherine D.; Williams, Elizabeth S.] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Wisely, SM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM wisely@ksu.edu NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 262VW UT WOS:000253177100006 PM 18263821 ER PT B AU Reasenberg, RD Phillips, JD AF Reasenberg, Robert D. Phillips, James D. BE Dittus, H Lammerzahl, C Turyshev, SG TI Technology for precision gravity measurements SO LASERS, CLOCKS AND DRAG-FREE CONTROL: EXPLORATION OF RELATIVISTIC GRAVITY IN SPACE SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 359th WE-Heraeus Seminar on Lasers, Clocks, and Drag-Free - New Technologies for Testing Relativistic Gravity in Space CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2005 CL Univ Bremen, Bremen, GERMANY SP Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn HO Univ Bremen ID STELLAR IMAGER SI; SPATIAL INTERFEROMETRY; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; METROLOGY; NONLINEARITY; LASERS AB We discuss four technologies applicable to precision measurements in space and on the ground. The first is our tracking frequency laser distance gauge (TFG), which we developed ca. 1990 for a spaceborne astrometric optical interferometer, POINTS, and which we are using today for our principle of equivalence measurement (POEM), a laboratory test of the equivalence principle. The second is an extension of the TFG to use a semiconductor laser (SL-TFG) with the intention to make the instrument more robust and applicable to space-based experiments. In particular, we wish to apply the SL-TFG to a version of POEM that could operate in space at substantially higher accuracy. Further, some versions of the SL-TFG have reduced complexity and thus have enhanced reliability and reduced cost. The third technology is an approach to using the TFG as part of an extended spacebased optical instrument. We discuss the launching of multiple beams from a single device as a means of achieving a "strong optical truss" without excess complexity or endpoint connection error. The fourth and final technology is for creating a brief period of free fall in the laboratory, and being able to repeat the free-fall rapidly. This technology is a key part of POEM. C1 [Reasenberg, Robert D.; Phillips, James D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reasenberg, RD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS-63, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-34376-9 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2008 VL 349 BP 263 EP 284 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHA36 UT WOS:000251801600013 ER PT S AU Hershler, R Liu, HP AF Hershler, Robert Liu, Hsiu-Ping BE Reheis, MC Hershler, R Miller, DM TI Ancient vicariance and recent dispersal of springsnails (Hydrobiidae: Pyrgulopsis) in the Death Valley system, California-Nevada SO LATE CENOZOIC DRAINAGE HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN GREAT BASIN AND LOWER COLORADO RIVER REGION: GEOLOGIC AND BIOTIC PERSPECTIVES SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Geologic and Biotic Perspectives on Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region CY APR 12-15, 2005 CL CA SP US Geol Survey Earth Surface Dynam Program, US Geol Survey Natl Cooperat Geol Mapping Program, Smithsonian Inst DE Death Valley region; biogeography; mtDNA; Gastropoda ID AMERICAN NYMPHOPHILINE GASTROPODS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; RIVER-BASIN; ASH MEADOWS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; RISSOOIDEA; TREES; CYPRINODONTIDAE; INVERTEBRATES AB The Death Valley system (southeastern California and southwestern Nevada) contains a locally endemic aquatic biota that has long been the subject of compelling biogeographic speculation, yet it remains little studied phylogenetically. Springsnails (Hydrobiidae: Pyrgulopsis) are one of the most diverse elements of this fauna, and they are thought to have evolved in association with late Tertiary rearrangements of landscape and drainage. We assembled a molecular phylogeny for this fauna to investigate its evolutionary development in relation to regional geological history. Sequences for two mitochondrial genes were obtained from 80 populations representing 13 of the 14 Death Valley system springsnail species, and 31 extralimital congeners. Combined analyses of the 1188 base-pair data set consistently depicted the Death Valley system fauna as a polyphyletic assemblage of eight or nine lineages. Based on a molecular clock, the six lineages endemic to the Death Valley system were estimated to be minimally Pliocene in age, which is concordant with inception of regional topographic closure during this time period. The single endemic lineage with a well-resolved sister relationship was closest to a species from the upper Gila River basin, which also suggests an old divergence event. Three other lineages shared a pattern of shallow structuring (divergence events younger than 0.7 Ma) across multiple drainage basins, some of which have long been isolated. This suggests that, contrary to previous thought, regional springsnail biogeography has been shaped in part by geologically recent (Pleistocene) dispersal, and, in some places, it has occurred by means other than spread through continuous reaches of aquatic habitat. C1 [Hershler, Robert] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, POB 37012,NHB W-305,MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Liu, Hsiu-Ping] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Hershler, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, POB 37012,NHB W-305,MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM HershlerR@si.edu NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2439-3 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2008 VL 439 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1130/2008.2439(04) PG 11 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BLW41 UT WOS:000271219900004 ER PT J AU Goodyear, AC AF Goodyear, Anne Collins TI From technophilia to technophobia: The impact of the Vietnam war on the reception of "Art and technology" SO LEONARDO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Histories of Media Art, Science and Technology CY SEP 30-OCT 01, 2005 CL Banff New Media Inst, Banff, CANADA HO Banff New Media Inst AB Using the Los Angeles County Museum of Art's 1971 exhibition "Art and Technology" as a case study, this essay examines a shift in attitude on the part of influential American artists and critics toward collaborations between art and technology from one of optimism in the mid-1960s to one of suspicion in the early 1970s. The Vietnam War dramatically undermined public confidence in the promise of new technology, linking it with corporate support of the war. Ultimately, the discrediting of industry-sponsored technology not only undermined the premises of the LACMA exhibition but also may have contributed to the demise of the larger "art and technology" movement in the United States. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Goodyear, AC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,Victor Bldg,Sutie 4100 MRC 973, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM GoodyearA@si.edu NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA SN 0024-094X J9 LEONARDO JI Leonardo PY 2008 VL 41 IS 2 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1162/leon.2008.41.2.169 PG 5 WC Art SC Art GA 282XQ UT WOS:000254601200013 ER PT J AU Tzortziou, M Neale, PJ Osburn, CL Megonigal, JP Maie, N Jaffe, R AF Tzortziou, Maria Neale, Patrick J. Osburn, Christopher L. Megonigal, J. Patrick Maie, Nagamitsu Jaffe, Rudolf TI Tidal marshes as a source of optically and chemically distinctive colored dissolved organic matter in the Chesapeake Bay SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; BRACKISH MARSHES; NATURAL-WATERS; RIVER ESTUARY; FULVIC-ACIDS; RHODE RIVER; FLUORESCENCE; CARBON AB The role of tidal marshes as a source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) for adjacent estuarine waters was studied in the Rhode River subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay. Water in a tidal creek draining brackish, high-elevation marshes was sampled every hour during several semidiurnal tidal cycles in order to examine the tidal exchange of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Water leaving the marsh during ebbing tide was consistently enriched in DOC compared to water entering the marsh during flooding tide. There was a net DOC export from the marsh to the estuary during seasons of both low and high marsh plant biomass. Optical analysis demonstrated that, in addition to contributing to the carbon budgets, the marsh had a strong influence on the estuary's CDOM dynamics. Marsh-exported CDOM had optical properties that were consistently and markedly different from those of CDOM in the adjacent estuary. Specifically, marsh CDOM had: (1) considerably stronger absorption, (2) larger DOC-specific absorption, (3) lower exponential spectral slope, (4) larger fluorescence signal, (5) lower fluorescence per unit absorbance, and (6) higher fluorescence at wavelengths >400 nm. These optical characteristics are indicative of relatively complex, high-molecular-weight, aromatic-rich DOM, and this was confirmed by results of molecular-weight-distribution analysis. Our findings illustrate the importance of tidal marshes as sources of optically and chemically distinctive dissolved organic compounds, and their influence on CDOM dynamics, DOC budgets, and, thus, photochemical and biogeochemical processes, in adjacent estuarine ecosystems. C1 [Tzortziou, Maria] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tzortziou, Maria; Neale, Patrick J.; Megonigal, J. Patrick] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Osburn, Christopher L.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Maie, Nagamitsu; Jaffe, Rudolf] Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Tzortziou, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM martz@code613-3.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012; OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 NR 52 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 148 EP 159 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0148 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 309ZK UT WOS:000256498500013 ER PT J AU Jordan, TE Cornwell, JC Boynton, WR Anderson, JT AF Jordan, Thomas E. Cornwell, Jeffrey C. Boynton, Walter R. Anderson, Jon T. TI Changes in phosphorus biogeochemistry along an estuarine salinity gradient: The iron conveyer belt SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID AUTHIGENIC APATITE FORMATION; INTERTIDAL MARSH SEDIMENTS; FRESH-WATER; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PARTICULATE PHOSPHORUS; LIMITING NUTRIENT; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; BOUND PHOSPHORUS; RIVER ESTUARY; BALTIC SEA AB We used sequential extractions to quantify different forms of particulate phosphorus (PP) in sediments along the salinity gradient of the Patuxent River estuary. About 50-90% of the PP was phosphate bound to iron oxides (Fe-P), and 8-30% was organic P (org-P). Loosely sorbed phosphate (sorb-P), detrital apatite, and authigenic plus biogenic apatite each made up <10% of the PP. Suspended sediments from the watershed and deposited sediments in tidal freshwater had the highest concentrations of Fe-P, ranging about 30-55 mu mol g(-1) sediment. As pore-water salinity increased to 7 along the estuarine gradient, Fe-P declined to 15-25 mu mol g(-1), org-P increased from 4 to 10 mu mol g(-1), sorb-P increased from 0.5 to 2.5 mu mol g(-1), and total sediment PP declined from 60 to 40 mu mol g(-1). Concentrations of pore-water solutes also changed with salinity. As salinity increased, dissolved Fe and ammonium decreased, while dissolved phosphate increased. Near the freshwater end of the gradient, the molar ratio of pore-water ammonium : phosphate was generally >16 (the Redfield ratio) and ranged up to >700, while at the saline end of the gradient the ratio was generally <16 and ranged down to <1.5. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that phosphate is released from terrigenous sediments when they are deposited in saline portions of the estuary where sulfide may enhance dissolution of Fe-P and form Fe sulfide precipitates. Such phosphate release may contribute to the generally observed switch from phosphorus limitation in freshwater to nitrogen limitation in coastal marine water. C1 [Jordan, Thomas E.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Cornwell, Jeffrey C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Boynton, Walter R.; Anderson, Jon T.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Jordan, TE (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RI Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012; Cornwell, Jeffrey/R-5506-2016 OI Cornwell, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7111-2489 NR 55 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 53 IS 1 BP 172 EP 184 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0172 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 309ZK UT WOS:000256498500015 ER PT B AU Crowell, AL Oozevaseuk, E AF Crowell, Aron L. Oozevaseuk, Estelle BE Schneider, W TI The St. Lawrence Island Famine and Epidemic, 1878-80 A Yupik Narrative in Cultural and Historical Context SO LIVING WITH STORIES: TELLING, RE-TELLING, AND REMEMBERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MUSEUMS; ESKIMO; ALASKA C1 [Crowell, Aron L.] Smithsonian Inst, Arctic Studies Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Crowell, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Arctic Studies Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UTAH STATE UNIV PRESS PI LOGAN PA UTAH STATE UNIV, LOGAN, UTAH 84322 USA BN 978-0-87421-690-5 PY 2008 BP 36 EP 67 PG 32 WC Folklore; Theater SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics; Theater GA BWI69 UT WOS:000293953800004 ER PT S AU Matsushita, S Tsai, AL Kawabe, R Nakanishi, K Vila-Vilaro, B Kohno, K Inui, T Matsumoto, H Tsuru, TG Peck, AB AF Matsushita, Satoki Tsai, A. -L. Kawabe, R. Nakanishi, K. Vila-Vilaro, B. Kohno, K. Inui, T. Matsumoto, H. Tsuru, T. G. Peck, A. B. BE Wada, K Combes, F TI Molecular bubbles and outflows in the edge-on Starburst galaxies m82 and NGC 2146 SO MAPPING THE GALAXY AND NEARBY GALAXIES SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mapping the Galaxy and Nearby Galaxies CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Ishigaki Isl, JAPAN SP Fdn Promot Astronomy, Natl Astron Observ Japan, NEC Corp, Mitsubishi Elect, Okinawa Prefecture, Inoue Fdn Sci, Japanese Soc Promot Sci, Japan Commun Equipment Corporat, Oshima Prototype Engn Corporat ID ROSAT OBSERVATIONS; WIND C1 [Matsushita, Satoki; Tsai, A. -L.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Kawabe, R.; Nakanishi, K.; Vila-Vilaro, B.] Natl Astronom Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan. [Kohno, K.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Inui, T.; Matsumoto, H.; Tsuru, T. G.] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Peck, A. B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Matsushita, S (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-0-387-72767-7 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2008 BP 352 EP 352 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-72768-4_88 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU34 UT WOS:000250578600088 ER PT S AU Sawada-Satoh, S Ho, PTP Muller, S Matsushita, S Lim, J AF Sawada-Satoh, Satoko Ho, P. T. P. Muller, S. Matsushita, S. Lim, J. BE Wada, K Combes, F TI Structure and kinematics of CO (J=2-1) emission in the central region of NGC 4258 SO MAPPING THE GALAXY AND NEARBY GALAXIES SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mapping the Galaxy and Nearby Galaxies CY JUN 26-30, 2006 CL Ishigaki Isl, JAPAN SP Fdn Promot Astronomy, Natl Astron Observ Japan, NEC Corp, Mitsubishi Elect, Okinawa Prefecture, Inoue Fdn Sci, Japanese Soc Promot Sci, Japan Commun Equipment Corporat, Oshima Prototype Engn Corporat C1 [Sawada-Satoh, Satoko; Muller, S.; Matsushita, S.; Lim, J.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Ho, P. T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Sawada-Satoh, S (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. OI /0000-0002-9931-1313 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-0-387-72767-7 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2008 BP 375 EP 375 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-72768-4_111 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGU34 UT WOS:000250578600111 ER PT J AU Baeza, JA AF Baeza, J. Antonio TI Social monogamy in the shrimp Pontonia margarita, a symbiont of Pinctada mazatlanica, off the Pacific coast of Panama SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATE-GUARDING HYPOTHESIS; CRAB INACHUS-PHALANGIUM; CLAWED SNAPPING SHRIMP; LIFE-HISTORY; SEA-ANEMONE; EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES; HOST CHARACTERISTICS; SEXUAL SELECTION; MATING SYSTEMS; DIMORPHISM AB A previous study predicted the evolution of monogamy in symbiotic crustaceans inhabiting scarce, relatively small hosts in tropical environments where predation risk away from hosts is high. This prediction was tested in the shrimp Pontonia margarita, which inhabits the pearl oyster Pinctada mazatlanica. A total of 68 oysters were collected from the intertidal and shallow subtidal at two islands (Islas Secas [N 27 degrees 55', W 82 degrees 03'] and Isla de La Coiba [N 27 degrees 50', W 97 degrees 03']) off the eastern tropical Pacific coast on 15 and 17 March 2007, respectively. The population structure, distribution, male-female association pattern, and relative growth of the major claw and pleura of the second abdominal segment of each shrimp retrieved were examined. Shrimps were found as heterosexual pairs in the mantle cavity of hosts more frequently than would be expected by chance alone. Males occurred with females in the same host, independent of the reproductive condition of the female or the stage of development of brooded embryos. This observation, and strong correlations between the host and shrimp body size in both males and females suggest a long-term association between males and females in each host. Sexual dimorphism in body size was minor, with males being just slightly smaller than females. In agreement with predictions for monogamous species, the major claw of males did not display positive allometry, which has been generally reported for polygamous shrimps. In turn, the pleura of the second abdomen presented negative allometry in males but positive allometry in females. All available information suggests that Pontonia margarita has a socially monogamous mating system with males and females forming exclusive pairs in their hosts. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM baezaa@si.edu OI Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773 NR 52 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 153 IS 3 BP 387 EP 395 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0815-9 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 238ZW UT WOS:000251488200015 ER PT J AU Tabachnick, KR Collins, AG AF Tabachnick, Konstantin R. Collins, Allen G. TI Glass sponges (Porifera, hexactinellida) of the northern mid-Atlantic Ridge SO MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hexactinellida; North Atlantic; Porifera ID GIBBS FRACTURE-ZONE AB Glass sponges (Hexactinellida) collected under the framework of the MAR-ECO project on the G.O. Sars cruise to the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, between the Azores and the Reykjanes Ridge, and on the 49th cruise of Akademik Mstislav Keldysh to the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone are described. Fourteen species were identified in the material. This relatively rich fauna includes several novel findings, indicating that the hexactinellid fauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge is poorly investigated. One genus, Dictyaulus, has never before been reported from the Atlantic Ocean. Two species belonging to the genera Heterotella and Amphidiscella are new to science. Two other species, Rossella nodastrella Topsent, 1915 and Doconestes sessilis Topsent, 1928, have been collected just one other time. Finally, a probable new genus of Euplectellidae, which unfortunately cannot be adequately described because of how small the specimens are, is represented among these collections. A large portion of dead, rigid skeletons of Euretidae and spicule mats of Rossellidae are also reported but not described in detail. Representation of some genera in the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, coupled with recent observations from elsewhere along the Mid-Atlantic mountain chain, suggests that this fauna is as similar to those of the Indian Ocean and Indo-West Pacific as it is to West or East Atlantic faunas. C1 [Tabachnick, Konstantin R.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAAs Fisheries Serv, Natl Syst Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Tabachnick, KR (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Nakhimovsky Pr 36, Moscow 117997, Russia. EM tabachnick@mail.ru RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 1745-1000 J9 MAR BIOL RES JI Mar. Biol. Res. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 47 DI 10.1080/17451000701847848 PG 23 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 267KM UT WOS:000253507900003 ER PT J AU Tunberg, B Krang, D AF Tunberg, Bjoern G. Krang, Daniel TI Composition and temporal change of the macrofauna in a shallow, sandy bottom in the Lysekil archipelago, western Sweden SO MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Benthos; macrofauna; sandy bottom; western Sweden ID ANIMAL-SEDIMENT RELATIONSHIPS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; UPOGEBIA-DELTAURA; NORTH-SEA; QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; THALASSINIDEA; DISTURBANCE; CRUSTACEA AB The macrofauna from a shallow (12 m), sandy bottom at Bredholmen in the outer Lysekil archipelago, western Sweden, was collected quantitatively with a suction sampler at regular intervals between June 1980 and August 1981. This area was inhabited by a dense population of the burrowing crustacean Upogebia deltaura, with a rich infaunal community, high in abundance and diversity throughout the study period. A total of 7297 individuals comprising 126 taxa were obtained from the 52 samples (4 replicates on each occasion). A total of 64 polychaete taxa were found, followed by 22 molluscs, 21 crustaceans, 7 echinoderms, and 12 species not belonging to any of these taxonomical groups (varia). Molluscs dominated in abundance throughout the study period except in November 1980, January 1981, and March 1981, when polychaetes dominated. Species abundance varied seasonally. The multivariate analyses of abundance data also demonstrated a limited temporal change, less pronounced during winter months. Bottom water salinity was negatively correlated to the number of taxa. Bottom water temperature was negatively correlated to polychaete abundance, and positively correlated to mollusc abundance. U. deltaura correlated positively with four taxa: Nereimyra sp., Spisula subtruncata, one species within the family Talitridae, and Mya truncata, and negatively to Scoloplos armiger. C1 [Tunberg, Bjoern G.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Krang, Daniel] Kristineberg Marine Res Stn, Kristineberg, Fiskebackskil, Sweden. RP Tunberg, B (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM tunberg@si.edu FU Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Kristineberg Marine Research Station; Smithsonian Marine Station; Nordic Council for Marine Biology FX The resources for this study were provided through the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Kristineberg Marine Research Station and the Smithsonian Marine Station. The sampling program was partially financed through a grant from the Nordic Council for Marine Biology. We are very grateful for the valuable comments and criticism on the manuscript by Sherry Reed (Smithsonian Marine Station). We thank Jarl-Ove Stromberg for the great support and valuable comments on the original manuscript. Special thanks are due to the anonymous reviewers whose comments and criticism greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce contribution number 712. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 1745-1000 J9 MAR BIOL RES JI Mar. Biol. Res. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 6 BP 458 EP 469 AR PII 906182993 DI 10.1080/17451000802208973 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 378CQ UT WOS:000261299100006 ER PT J AU Murphy, KR Stedmon, CA Waite, TD Ruiz, GM AF Murphy, Kathleen R. Stedmon, Colin A. Waite, T. David Ruiz, Gregory M. TI Distinguishing between terrestrial and autochthonous organic matter sources in marine environments using fluorescence spectroscopy SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic matter; tracer techniques; fluorescence spectroscopy; Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) ID BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; COASTAL WATERS; PARAFAC MODELS; SEA; OCEAN; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA; CDOM AB The optical, properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) are frequently used as tracers of water masses in bays and estuaries but present unique challenges in the ocean due to the small quantities of organic matter present and the similarities between spectra from coastal and offshore environments. Samples collected on trans-oceanic cruises in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans were used to investigate the optical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in waters with limited freshwater influence (salinity >30). Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) of fluorescence spectra revealed that coastal and oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence could be separated into at least eight separate components: 4-5 humic-like and 3-5 protein-like signals. Two of the humic components were identified as representing terrestrial organic matter and their signals could be traced in the open ocean (Pacific and Atlantic) at levels of approximately 1.5% of riverine concentrations. An additional humic component, traditionally identified as the "marine" or "M" peak, was found to be both sourced from land and produced in the ocean. These results demonstrate that the supply, mixing and removal of terrestrial organic matter in oceanic waters can be observed with relatively simple measurement techniques, suggesting that fluorescence spectroscopy could play a useful role in future studies of the origin and fate of DOM in oceanic environments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Murphy, Kathleen R.; Waite, T. David] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Murphy, Kathleen R.; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Stedmon, Colin A.] Univ Aarhus, Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Marine Ecol, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Murphy, KR (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM murphyka@si.edu RI Murphy, Kathleen/B-8217-2009; Waite, T. David/A-1400-2008; Stedmon, Colin/B-5841-2008; OI Murphy, Kathleen/0000-0001-5715-3604; Waite, T. David/0000-0002-5411-3233; Stedmon, Colin/0000-0001-6642-9692; Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X NR 56 TC 265 Z9 293 U1 15 U2 155 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 40 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.10.003 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 258MA UT WOS:000252870800004 ER PT J AU Trip, EL Choat, JH Wilson, DT Robertson, DR AF Trip, Elizabeth L. Choat, J. Howard Wilson, David T. Robertson, D. Ross TI Inter-oceanic analysis of demographic variation in a widely distributed Indo-Pacific coral reef fish SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Longitudinal and latitudinal gradients; Longevity; Body size; Growth rate; Asymptotic growth; Coral reef fish; Acanthuridae ID SURGEONFISH ACANTHURUS-BAHIANUS; VONBERTALANFFY GROWTH CURVE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LIFE-HISTORY; COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; THALASSOMA-DUPERREY; OTOLITH INCREMENTS; GROWING-SEASON; AGE AB The surgeonfish Ctenochaetus striatus is abundant and widely distributed on reefs throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Population samples at 15 sites that spanned 158 degrees of longitude and 40 degrees of latitude across both hemispheres of the Indian and Pacific oceans allowed us to examine geographic variation in longevity, growth rate and adult size of this species. Samples from 5 sites in the Indian Ocean, 6 in the western Pacific and 4 in the central Pacific provided otolith-based estimates of size-at-age for 1537 individuals. All populations displayed rapid growth to a distinct asymptotic size, a pattern characteristic of many acanthuroid fishes. In both oceans, fish lived longer at higher latitudes; in addition, Indian Ocean populations tended to be shorter-lived than those in the Pacific Ocean. In contrast, growth rate and adult size did not differ between the 2 oceans, and were not related to temperature (as a proxy for latitude) in either the Pacific or the Indian Ocean. Further, we found no relationship between fishing pressure and longevity, growth or adult size across our set of sampling sites, among which fishing pressure on this species varied from intense to zero. We hypothesize that (1) growth and adult size are most responsive to local environmental features unrelated to latitudinal (temperature) effects; and (2) variation in longevity reflects a combination of responses to latitudinal (temperature) gradients and as yet unidentified environmental differences between the Indian and Pacific oceans. C1 [Wilson, David T.] Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. [Robertson, D. Ross] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Trip, Elizabeth L.; Choat, J. Howard] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Trip, EL (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM elam018@aucklanduni.ac.nz RI Trip, Elizabeth/B-3132-2010 FU National Geographic Grant Program; Queensland Government/Smithsonian Institution (STRI) Collaborative Funding; CRC Reef Augmentative Grant Program; Cook University Internal Funding; Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources FX This research was supported through the National Geographic Grant Program to J.H.C. and D.R.R., Queensland Government/Smithsonian Institution (STRI) Collaborative Funding to J.H.C. and D.R.R., CRC Reef Augmentative Grant Program to E.L.T. and James Cook University Internal Funding to J.H.C. and E.L.T. Sampling at remote locations was facilitated by cooperative research programs involving Sultan Qaboos University Oman (J. McIlwain), the Seychelles Fisheries Authority (J. Robinson), Lizard Island and One Tree Island Research Stations, Mahonia Research Station Kimbe Bay, and Parks Australia Cocos Keeling Island (W. Murray, R. Thorne), We also gratefully acknowledge Support from the Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, American Samoa and permission to use the datasets from this region. The authors thank W. D. Robbins, J. L. Ackerman and M. Berumen for assistance with field collections, R. Arthur, W. D. Robbins, J. L. Ackerman and T. Denis for assistance with analysis, We also acknowledge assistance from R. I. C. C. Francis for hell) with analysis of growth data. The study benefited from discussions with J. L. Ackerman, P, Craig, R. Hamilton, M, G. Meekan, W. D. Robbins and G. Russ. Comments by an anonymous referee greatly assisted in the revision of this manuscript.. Collections were made under GBRMPA Permit no. G03/3871.1 to the School of Marine Biology, James Cook University. NR 57 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 373 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.3354/meps07755 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 398KM UT WOS:000262731000008 ER PT J AU Mohammed, SWC Coppard, SE AF Mohammed, Shirley W. C. Coppard, Simon E. TI Ecology and distribution of soft-sediment benthic communities off Viti Levu (Fiji) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Benthic communities; Marine biodiversity; Community structure; Spatial patterns; Uniques; Spot endemism ID CORAL-REEF LAGOON; SPECIES RICHNESS; MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; MARINE ENVIRONMENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CENTRAL PACIFIC; NEW-CALEDONIA; BIODIVERSITY; PATTERNS AB Information on biodiversity and community structure is vital for monitoring the effects of climate change and other anthropogenic impacts. Benthic ecosystems of 5 sites off Viti Levu (Fiji), comprising 50 stations were sampled quantitatively revealing 13 128 individuals of 230 species at a mean density of 273.5 ind. m(-2). Common taxa included polychaetes (89 species), crustaceans (84 species), molluscs (50 species) and echinoderms (7 species). No species occurred in all 50 stations; the maximum distribution range was 45 stations occupied by the polychaete Aglaophamus sp. A total of 81 species (35.2 %) were restricted to single sites ('uniques'), highlighting spot endemism. Species richness and rarefaction curves provided high estimates of diversity. Multivariate analyses incorporating biological abundances and environmental factors showed 3 distinct clusters among sites characterising differences in benthic community structure. Strongest determinants of faunal distribution were depth, distance from reef and river, and sand content. The presence of heterogeneous faunal assemblages suggests the interplay of these factors at each site. Fauna in Nadi Bay (Shannon-Weiner diversity index H': 3.26), Suva Harbour (H': 3.19) and Laucala Bay Lagoon (I-F: 3.06) had high diversity indicative of biologically accommodated communities. Rewa River Estuary (H': 2.42) and Nukubuco Reef drop-off (H': 2,48) had low diversities, typical of habitats subjected to fluctuating environmental conditions. Benthic community structure in the lagoons around Viti Levu was rich and diverse. Biodiversity was greater than previously recorded from the Great Astrolabe Reef, Fiji (207 to 211 species) and Australia's Great Barrier Reef (154 species), but lower than in New Caledonia (311 species) and Tahiti (315 species). C1 [Mohammed, Shirley W. C.] Univ S Pacific, Marine Studies Program, Suva, Fiji. [Coppard, Simon E.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [Coppard, Simon E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Mohammed, SWC (reprint author), Univ S Pacific, Marine Studies Program, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji. EM shirley_mohammed@yahoo.com FU French Embassy (Suva, Fiji) FX This study was made possible by funding from the French Embassy (Suva, Fiji). We thank P. Newell, B. Richer de Forges, colleagues at IRD (Noumea, New Caledonia) and from the RV 'Alis'. Many thanks also go to T. Schlacher, J. Seeto, and P. Hutchings for their assistance in identification of fauna and data analysis. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 371 BP 91 EP 107 DI 10.3354/meps07618 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 385FA UT WOS:000261797800009 ER PT J AU Paerl, HW Joyner, JJ Joyner, AR Arthur, K Paul, V O'Neil, JM Heil, CA AF Paerl, Hans W. Joyner, Jennifer J. Joyner, Alan R. Arthur, Karen Paul, Valerie O'Neil, Judith M. Heil, Cynthia A. TI Co-occurrence of dinoflagellate and cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in southwest Florida coastal waters: dual nutrient (N and P) input controls SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Lyngbya; Karenia; Charlotte Harbor; Sanibel and Captiva Islands; Florida; Blooms; Nutrients ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; FARLOW EX GOMONT; LYNGBYA-WOLLEI; NITROGEN-FIXATION; NORTH-CAROLINA; MORETON BAY; GROWTH-RATE; PHYTOPLANKTON; MAJUSCULA; EUTROPHICATION AB During July 2006, 2 distinctly different harmful algal blooms (HABs), one dominated by the pelagic red tide dinoflagellates Karenia spp. and the other by the benthic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, occurred simultaneously in the coastal embayments surrounding Sanibel and Captiva Islands, Florida, USA, The co-occurring HABs were investigated using in situ bioassays with additions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) alone and in combination to assess nutrient controls of these 'dueling' toxin-producing species. Photosynthetic, biomass (chlorophyll a), and (in L, majuscula) nitrogen fixation responses to nutrient enrichment were examined over 4 d. Primary productivity in Karenia spp. was consistently stimulated by N additions, while P additions failed to show stimulation. When added in combination with N, P did not lead to additional stimulation above N alone. Similar patterns of chlorophyll a stimulation were observed. These patterns were observed at 2 d, after which the cells fell out of suspension. Nutrient stimulation of L, majuscula metabolic activities as well as biomass production was smaller and much slower, relative to controls, than responses observed in Karenia spp. After the demise of Karenia spp., L. majuscula was able to continue utilizing subsequent nutrient additions, and it responded most strongly to the N+P additions after 4 d. This study confirms previous estuarine and coastal studies that indicated that when non-N-2-fixing HABs co-occur with N-2-fixing cyanobacterial HAB species, both N and P inputs need to be carefully considered and, in all likelihood, controlled. C1 [Paerl, Hans W.; Joyner, Jennifer J.; Joyner, Alan R.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Arthur, Karen; Paul, Valerie] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [O'Neil, Judith M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Heil, Cynthia A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Paerl, HW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM hpaerl@email.unc.edu RI Arthur, Karen/A-3089-2012; O'Neil, Judith/F-9024-2013 OI O'Neil, Judith/0000-0002-7697-5299 FU Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation Marine Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algae Blooms (ECOHAB) [NA05NOS4781194]; National Science Foundation [OCE 0327056, DEB 0452324] FX The authors thank R. Bartelson and the staff of the Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation Marine Laboratory for field and technical assistance. C. Ross, K. Rossignol, J. Kwan, L. Spiers, S. Harrison, L. A. Cheshire, and L. Linsmeyer provided invaluable field and/or technical assistance. Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algae Blooms (ECOHAB) program (project NA05NOS4781194) and the National Science Foundation (OCE 0327056, DEB 0452324). NR 62 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 371 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.3354/meps07681 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 385FA UT WOS:000261797800013 ER PT J AU Fritz, JJ Neale, PJ Davis, RF Peloquin, JA AF Fritz, Jennifer J. Neale, Patrick J. Davis, Richard F. Peloquin, Jill A. TI Response of Antarctic phytoplankton to solar UVR exposure: inhibition and recovery of photosynthesis in coastal and pelagic assemblages SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet radiation; UVA; UVB; inhibition of photosynthesis; biological weighting functions; polar phytoplankton ID WEDDELL-SCOTIA CONFLUENCE; BIOLOGICAL WEIGHTING FUNCTION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; DUNALIELLA-TERTIOLECTA; CARBON FIXATION; B RADIATION; SENSITIVITY; ACCLIMATION; PENINSULA; MODELS AB We examined ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced inhibition and recovery of Antarctic phytoplankton photosynthesis during the austral spring in surface coastal waters near Palmer Stn and in the open ocean waters of the Weddell-Scotia Confluence from 1997 to 1999. Primary productivity was measured in 12 h time-course experiments using enclosures that transmitted either full-spectrum solar UVR or only long-wavelength UVA. Recovery from inhibition was determined by transferring samples from high to low UVR at intervals during the incubation. Biological weighting functions for UVR inhibition of photosynthesis were also determined for each experiment. Photosynthesis measurements were compared to model predictions using 3 exposure-response relationships: an irradiance-based (E) model that assumes rapid repair, a cumulative-exposure (H) model that assumes no repair, and a model that incorporated slow repair (R model). Open-ocean phytoplankton were generally much more sensitive to UVR inhibition than coastal assemblages, which primarily had high rates of repair (E model). In contrast, open-ocean assemblages generally recovered from inhibition more slowly (R model). Some recovery was evident in all cases, so the Hmodel was not applied to any assemblage. Our previous view of repair being either simply present or absent is therefore revised to recognize that repair rates range from slow to fast and should be taken into account, together with spectral weight, in assessments of photosynthetic response to UVR in the Southern Ocean, including the effect of ozone depletion. Information on repair rate is particularly important for simulations of production in vertically mixed surface layers. C1 [Fritz, Jennifer J.; Neale, Patrick J.; Davis, Richard F.; Peloquin, Jill A.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Fritz, JJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jfritz@rsmas.miami.edu RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012 FU National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs [OPP-9615342, OPP-0127073] FX Many thanks go to Palmer Station and support of the staff and crew of the ARSV 'Laurence M. Gould'. We thank G. MacIntyre for sampling assistance, R. Goodrich for radiometric data analysis, W. Brinley and D. Hayes for laboratory equipment calibration support J. Lempa for assistance with model data and M. Caruso for assistance with Fig. 4. We also thank C. Sobrino, L. Franklin and 4 anonymous reviewers for their input and suggestions, which significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. This research was funded by OPP-9615342 and OPP-0127073 to P.J.N. from the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs. NR 38 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 365 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.3354/meps07610 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350UU UT WOS:000259379600001 ER PT J AU Parker, JD Montoya, JP Hay, ME AF Parker, John D. Montoya, Joseph P. Hay, Mark E. TI A specialist detritivore links Spartina alterniflora to salt marsh food webs SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Spartina alterniflora; detritus; stable isotopes; food webs ID AMPHIPOD UHLORCHESTIA-SPARTINOPHILA; GAMMARUS-PALUSTRIS BOUSFIELD; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; BENTHIC MICROALGAE; CARBON-ISOTOPE; NITROGEN; DETRITUS; DELTA-N-15; PREDATION AB Because most plant production is subject to senescence and is eventually consumed by detritivores, the factors that drive detritivore diet choice are pivotal to the flow of energy and materials through food webs. Here, we investigated the common salt marsh amphipod Gammarus palustris, which is a habitat specialist that feeds specifically on the dead leaves of its living host plant, salt marsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora. Restricted use and consumption of dead S. alterniflora was reinforced by superior amphipod performance (survival, size, and sexual development) on dead S. alterniflora relative to other diets, and was driven at least in part by amphipods being physically able to feed on soft, decaying plant tissues but not live, turgid tissues. Stable isotopes from field surveys and laboratory assimilation assays suggest that amphipods also feed on S. alterniflora in the field, and that the important marsh fish Fundulus hetroclitus feeds on amphipods. Thus, consumption of G. palustris by F heteroclitus may be an important trophic pathway linking cordgrass production to nearshore food webs. Importantly, direct isotopic analyses of amphipods and their known food sources demonstrated substantial deviation of observed fractionation factors from idealized standards. This suggests caution when using idealized trophic shifts to describe food web linkages, and a renewed focus on assimilation assays to determine the realized fractionation of dietary isotopes. C1 [Parker, John D.; Montoya, Joseph P.; Hay, Mark E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Parker, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Whari Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM parkerj@si.edu RI Parker, John/F-9761-2010; Hay, Mark/D-9752-2011 OI Parker, John/0000-0002-3632-7625; Hay, Mark/0000-0002-6130-9349 FU NSF IGERT [DGE 0114400]; Teasley Endowment to Georgia Tech FX We thank E. Kinard, J. Long, D. Burkepile, A. Hollebone, C. Kicklighter, D. Hasan, R. Kneib, and S. Pennings for assistance with amphipod collections, rearing, and identification, C. Payne for stable isotope analyses, and 3 anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. Support was provided by an NSF IGERT grant DGE 0114400 and the Teasley Endowment to Georgia Tech. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 364 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.3354/meps07504 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 342VD UT WOS:000258810800008 ER PT J AU Arthur, KE Boyle, MC Limpus, CJ AF Arthur, Karen E. Boyle, Michelle C. Limpus, Colin J. TI Ontogenetic changes in diet and habitat use in green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) life history SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE stable isotope analysis; trophic shift; Chelonia mydas; delta C-13; delta N-15; green turtle ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; CARBON ISOTOPES; FOOD-CHAINS; MORETON BAY; TURNOVER; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13; TISSUES; FISH AB Green turtles Chelonia mydas are endangered, long-lived marine reptiles that display an ontogenetic shift in diet and habitat use during development. During their early life stage, juvenile green turtles in the southwestern Pacific inhabit the pelagic zone where they feed omnivorously on neustonic material. At approximately 44 cm curved carapace length they recruit to inshore foraging habitats where they become primarily herbivorous. In this study we investigate the change in stable isotope (delta C-13 and delta N-15) composition of green turtle epidermal tissue throughout their life history to examine this ontogenetic shift in diet and habitat as it occurs in a southwestern Pacific green turtle population. Turtles that had recently recruited to foraging grounds in Moreton Bay, Australia had significantly higher delta N-15 isotopic signatures when compared with all other life history groups examined and significantly lower delta C-13 when compared with all age classes other than pelagic juveniles. Adult and large immature turtles had similar isotopic signatures and were both significantly enriched in C-13 when compared with hatchlings and small immature turtles. These results support previous observations that suggest pelagic juveniles are foraging in a different habitat and at a higher trophic level than turtles captured in the neritic environment. This is the first study to capture the entire life history of green turtles in terms of foraging ecology and supports the ontogenetic shift previously observed in traditional diet and behavioral studies of green turtles. C1 [Arthur, Karen E.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Arthur, Karen E.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Boyle, Michelle C.] James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Queensland Environm Protect Agcy, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. RP Arthur, KE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM arthur@si.edu RI Arthur, Karen/A-3089-2012 NR 54 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 57 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 362 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.3354/meps07440 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 329EO UT WOS:000257849900026 ER PT J AU Boero, F Bouillon, J Gravili, C Miglietta, MP Parsons, T Piraino, S AF Boero, F. Bouillon, J. Gravili, C. Miglietta, M. P. Parsons, T. Piraino, S. TI Gelatinous plankton: irregularities rule the world (sometimes) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE gelatinous plankton; resource patchiness; life cycle; life history; cysts; trophic networks; benthic-pelagic coupling; Cnidaria; ctenophora; thaliacea ID JELLYFISH AURELIA-AURITA; MARINE FOOD WEBS; LIFE-CYCLE; FISH LARVAE; PREDATION IMPACT; EGG BANK; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; REVERSE DEVELOPMENT; FEEDING RATES AB In spite of being one of the most relevant components of the biosphere, the plankton-benthos network is still poorly studied as such. This is partly due to the irregular occurrence of driving phenomena such as gelatinous plankton pulses in this realm. Gelatinous plankters rely on their life cycles and histories to exploit temporarily abundant resources with an undeniable, but often overlooked, impact on marine food webs. Dramatic increases of gelatinous filter-feeders and/or carnivores (both native and nonindigenous species) are frequently observed, and explanations of these blooms alternatively invoke ecosystem variability, climate change, unspecified anthropogenic perturbation or removal of top predators from trophic networks. Gelatinous plankters, however, are not anomalies in plankton dynamics: the recognition of the ecological importance of their pulses, based on their life cycle patterns (often involving benthic stages), is a critical breakthrough to understand the cycling diversity of plankton in space and time. The current study focuses on the many neglected aspects of the ecology and biology of gelatinous zooplankton, describes how life cycle patterns are central in marine ecology, as are the pulses of gelatinous organisms, and highlights how such a dramatic lack of knowledge can affect our understanding of the marine ecosystem as a whole. C1 [Boero, F.; Bouillon, J.; Gravili, C.; Piraino, S.] Univ Salento, Stn Biol Marina, CoNISMa, DiSTeBA, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Miglietta, M. P.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Marine Lab, Balboa, Panama. [Parsons, T.] Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Boero, F (reprint author), Univ Salento, Stn Biol Marina, CoNISMa, DiSTeBA, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. EM boero@unile.it RI Boero, Ferdinando/B-4494-2008; Piraino, Stefano/J-5234-2012; OI Piraino, Stefano/0000-0002-8752-9390; Boero, Ferdinando/0000-0002-6317-2710; Gravili, Cinzia/0000-0001-8412-4390 NR 109 TC 120 Z9 127 U1 6 U2 50 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 356 BP 299 EP 310 DI 10.3354/meps07368 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 288CN UT WOS:000254963900026 ER PT J AU Slattery, M Paul, VJ AF Slattery, Marc Paul, Valerie J. TI Indirect effects of bleaching on predator deterrence in the tropical Pacific soft coral Sinularia maxima SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE environmental stress theory; chemical defenses; bleaching; sunscreens; transplants ID SECONDARY-METABOLITE CHEMISTRY; PREY NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; CHEMICAL DEFENSES; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; AMINO-ACIDS; STYLOPHORA-PISTILLATA; LOBOPHYTUM-COMPACTUM; MONTIPORA-VERRUCOSA; MARINE ORGANISMS; HERBIVORES AB The environmental stress theory (EST) suggests that stress-induced biochemical changes will make an organism more susceptible to predation relative to unstressed individuals. Bleaching represents a stress response in marine invertebrate host-zooxanthellae symbiont associations, including those species that rely on chemical defenses to reduce predation pressure. We examined the EST in the context of a natural soft coral bleaching event, and then by use of a 3 mo transplant/shading field experiment that also resulted in bleaching. Feeding experiments using an omnivorous pufferfish indicated that extracts of bleached soft corals were more palatable to predators than were those from unbleached individuals. Two biochemical constituents were significantly reduced in naturally- and experimentally-bleached soft corals: lipid and defensive metabolite (pukalide) concentration. While a sunscreen (palythine) was significantly lower immediately after a natural bleaching event, it recovered and even exceeded pre-bleached levels in experimentally-bleached soft corals. Feeding assays with pukalide and lipid at concentrations representative of unbleached and bleached soft corals indicate that pufferfish are not deterred by bleached levels of the defensive metabolite, but that pufferfish are less attracted to food with bleached levels of lipid. Nonetheless, field observations of up to 4 times higher predation on bleached soft corals suggest that defensive metabolite concentration may have a greater influence on predation than food quality. This study indicates that a stress response (bleaching) has an indirect effect on predator deterrence in the soft coral Sinularia maxima due to changes in biochemical constituents that affect food quality. C1 [Slattery, Marc] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. [Slattery, Marc] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Slattery, M (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. EM slattery@olemiss.edu NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2008 VL 354 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.3354/meps07200 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 268WB UT WOS:000253609500017 ER PT J AU Ray, CE AF Ray, Clayton E. TI The fossil record of Eumetopias SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Ray, Clayton E.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ray, CE (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM buick292003@yahoo.com NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 251 EP 252 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00176.x PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 262AN UT WOS:000253121500022 ER PT J AU Quilez-Badia, G McCollin, T Josefsen, KD Vourdachas, A Gill, ME Mesbahi, E Frid, CLJ AF Quilez-Badia, Gernma McCollin, Tracy Josefsen, Kjell D. Vourdachas, Anthony Gill, Margaret E. Mesbahi, Ehsan Frid, Chris L. J. TI On board short-time high temperature heat treatment of ballast water: A field trial under operational conditions SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; zooplankton; bacteria; high temperature heat treatment; IMO standard; ballast water treatment ID MARINE ORGANISMS; NORTH-SEA; SHIPS; OCEAN AB A ballast water short-time high temperature heat treatment technique was applied on board a car-carrier during a voyage from Egypt to Belgium. Ballast water from three tanks was subjected for a few seconds to temperatures ranging from 55 degrees C to 80 degrees C. The water was heated using the vessel's heat exchanger steam and a second heat exchanger was used to pre-heat and cool down the water. The treatment was effective at causing mortality of bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) standard was not agreed before this study was carried out, but comparing our results gives a broad indication that the IMO standard would have been met in some of the tests for the zooplankton, in all the tests for the phytoplankton; and probably on most occasions for the bacteria. Passing the water through the pump increased the kill rate but increasing the temperature above 55 degrees C did not improve the heat treatment's efficacy. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Quilez-Badia, Gernma; Vourdachas, Anthony; Gill, Margaret E.; Mesbahi, Ehsan; Frid, Chris L. J.] Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Dove Marine Lab, Cullercoats NE30 4PZ, England. [McCollin, Tracy] FRS Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. [Josefsen, Kjell D.] SINTEF Mat & Chem, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway. RP Quilez-Badia, G (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd Edgewater, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM quilez-badiag@si.edu RI Frid, Christopher/C-6512-2011; OI Frid, Christopher/0000-0002-7565-635X NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.09.036 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 262IV UT WOS:000253143100021 PM 18036619 ER PT J AU Stephan, T Rost, D Vicenzi, EP Bullock, ES Macpherson, GJ Westphal, AJ Snead, CJ Flynn, GJ Sandford, SA Zolensky, ME AF Stephan, Thomas Rost, Detlef Vicenzi, Edward P. Bullock, Emma S. Macpherson, Glenn J. Westphal, Andrew J. Snead, Christopher J. Flynn, George J. Sandford, Scott A. Zolensky, Michael E. TI TOF-SIMS analysis of cometary matter in Stardust aerogel tracks SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 81P/WILD-2; ABUNDANCES; SAMPLES; DUST AB Cometary matter in aerogel samples from the Stardust mission was investigated with TOF-SIMS for its elemental and organic composition. While single grains >1 mu m are highly variable in their chemical composition, nanometer-scale material found in the wall of one track has within a factor of 1.22 bulk CI chondritic element ratios relative to Fe for Na, Mg, Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, and Co. Compared to Cl, a depletion in Ca by a factor of four and an enrichment in Ni by a factor of two was observed. These results seem to confirm recent reports of a CI-like bulk composition of Wild 2. The analysis of organic compounds in aerogel samples is complicated by the presence of contaminants in the capture medium. However, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that could possibly be attributed to the comet were observed. C1 [Stephan, Thomas] Univ Munster, Inst Planetol, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Rost, Detlef; Vicenzi, Edward P.; Bullock, Emma S.; Macpherson, Glenn J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Westphal, Andrew J.; Snead, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Flynn, George J.] SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Phys, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. [Sandford, Scott A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrophys Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Zolensky, Michael E.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Stephan, T (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM tstephan@uchicago.edu NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 233 EP 246 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 309HD UT WOS:000256450400013 ER PT J AU Georgescu, MD Saupe, EE Huber, BT AF Georgescu, Marius D. Saupe, Erin E. Huber, Brian T. TI Morphometric and stratophenetic basis for phylogeny and taxonomy in Late Cretaceous gublerinid planktonic foraminifera SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEAWATER CARBONATE CONCENTRATION; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; HETEROHELICIDAE; BIOZONATION; OCEAN AB Taxonomic revision of the gublerinid serial planktonic foraminifera of the I-ale Cretaceous (late Campanian-Maastrichtian that the group consists of two genera. Gublerina Kikoine 1948 and Praegublerina gen. nov., which evolved from the finely costate, biserial species Heterohelix planata (Cushman 1938). Three species are included within Praegublerina:P.pseudotessera (Cushman 1938), P. acuta (de Klasz 1953) and P. robusta (de Klasz 1953), the first being the oldest of the genus and a descendant of Heterohelix planata (Cushman 1938). Gublerina cuvillieri Kikoine 1948 and G. rajagopalani Govindan 1972 are retained within Gublerina. The two lineages are recognized based on gross test architecture, test ornamentation, pore size and internal test morphology. Our study reveals the existence of an evolutionary continuum between lineages in which the gublerinid-type chamber proliferation is independently developed in Gublerina and Praegublerina. The new taxonomic framework reflects the iterative pattern of planktonic foraminiferal evolution and it results in a better understanding of the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of the gublerinid taxa. Stable isotopic comparison of G. rajagopalani and G. cuvillieri with co-occurring late Maastrichtian benthic and plankotonic species indicates that the two Gublerina species shared the same depth habitat near the thermocline. C1 [Georgescu, Marius D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Saupe, Erin E.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Huber, Brian T.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Georgescu, MD (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM dgeorge@ucalgary.ca NR 63 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 256 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 2008 VL 54 IS 5 BP 397 EP 424 PG 28 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 402CU UT WOS:000262992600002 ER PT J AU Fleischer, RC Boarman, WI Gonzalez, EG Godinez, A Omland, KE Young, S Helgen, L Syed, G Mcintosh, CE AF Fleischer, Robert C. Boarman, William I. Gonzalez, Elena G. Godinez, Alvaro Omland, Kevin E. Young, Sarah Helgen, Lauren Syed, Gracia Mcintosh, Carl E. TI As the raven flies: using genetic data to infer the history of invasive common raven (Corvus corax) populations in the Mojave Desert SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Summit on Evolutionary Change in Human-Altered Environments CY FEB 08-10, 2007 CL Inst Environm, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA HO Inst Environm, Univ Calif Los Angeles DE control region; Corvus; invasive species; microsatellites; Mojave Desert; ravens ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; NORTHERN POPULATIONS; COALESCENT APPROACH; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; MIGRATION RATES; YELLOW WARBLER; MARIANA CROW; DIFFERENTIATION; MICROSATELLITES AB Common raven (Corvus corax) populations in Mojave Desert regions of southern California and Nevada have increased dramatically over the past five decades. This growth has been attributed to increased human development in the region, as ravens have a commensal relationship with humans and feed extensively at landfills and on road-killed wildlife. Ravens, as a partially subsidized predator, also represent a problem for native desert wildlife, in particular threatened desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). However, it is unclear whether the more than 15-fold population increase is due to in situ population growth or to immigration from adjacent regions where ravens have been historically common. Ravens were sampled for genetic analysis at several local sites within five major areas: the West Mojave Desert (California), East Mojave Desert (southern Nevada), southern coastal California, northern coastal California (Bay Area), and northern Nevada (Great Basin). Analyses of mtDNA control region sequences reveal an increased frequency of raven 'Holarctic clade' haplotypes from south to north inland, with 'California clade' haplotypes nearly fixed in the California populations. There was significant structuring among regions for mtDNA, with high F-ST values among sampling regions, especially between the Nevada and California samples. Analyses of eight microsatellite loci reveal a mostly similar pattern of regional population structure, with considerably smaller, but mostly significant, values. The greater mtDNA divergences may be due to lower female dispersal relative to males, lower N-e, or effects of high mutation rates on maximal values of F-ST. Analyses indicate recent population growth in the West Mojave Desert and a bottleneck in the northern California populations. While we cannot rule out in situ population growth as a factor, patterns of movement inferred from our data suggest that the increase in raven populations in the West Mojave Desert resulted from movements from southern California and the Central Valley. Ravens in the East Mojave Desert are more similar to ones from northern Nevada, indicating movement between those regions. If this interpretation of high gene flow into the Mojave Desert is correct, then efforts to manage raven numbers by local control may not be optimally effective. C1 [Fleischer, Robert C.; Gonzalez, Elena G.; Godinez, Alvaro; Young, Sarah; Helgen, Lauren; Syed, Gracia; Mcintosh, Carl E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, CCEG, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Fleischer, Robert C.; Gonzalez, Elena G.; Godinez, Alvaro; Young, Sarah; Helgen, Lauren; Syed, Gracia; Mcintosh, Carl E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Boarman, William I.; Young, Sarah] Conservat Sci Res & Consulting, Spring Valley, CA 91977 USA. [Boarman, William I.; Young, Sarah] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Omland, Kevin E.; Mcintosh, Carl E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Fleischer, RC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, CCEG, POB 37012,MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM fleischerr@si.edu RI Gonzalez, Elena/B-5933-2008; Omland, Kevin/A-8887-2010; Gonzalez, Elena/E-4465-2013; Young, Sarah/E-2883-2014 OI Omland, Kevin/0000-0002-3863-5509; Gonzalez, Elena/0000-0002-4614-3889; Young, Sarah/0000-0002-8301-5106 NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 464 EP 474 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03532.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 242QM UT WOS:000251740500037 PM 17908216 ER PT J AU Lasso, E AF Lasso, E. TI The importance of setting the right genetic distance threshold for identification of clones using amplified fragment length polymorphism: a case study with five species in the tropical plant genus Piper SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE AFLP; asexual recruitment; clones; evenness index; fingerprint dissimilarities; genetic diversity ID POPULUS-NIGRA; AFLP MARKERS; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; POPULATION; REGENERATION; REPRODUCTION; DANDELIONS; PATTERNS; DESERT; GROWTH AB Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) has been widely used for clone identification, but numerous studies have shown that clonemates do not always present identical AFLP fingerprints. Pairwise AFLP distances that distinguish known clones from nonclones have been used to identify a threshold genetic dissimilarity distance below which samples are considered to represent a single clone. Most studies to date have reported threshold values between 2% and 4%. Here, I determine the consistency of the clonal threshold across five species in the tropical plant genus Piper, and evaluate the sensitivity of genetic diversity indices and estimates of frequency of clonal reproduction to the threshold value selected. I sampled multiple ramets per individual from widely distributed plants for each of the five Piper species to set a threshold at the point where the error rate of clonal assignments was lowest. I then sampled all individuals of each shade-tolerant species in a 1-ha plot, and of each light-demanding species in 25 x 35-m plot, to estimate the frequency of asexual recruitment in natural populations using a series of different thresholds including the threshold set with the preliminary sampling. Clonal threshold values for the different species ranged from 0% to 5% AFLP genetic dissimilarity distance. To determine the sensitivity of estimates of clonal reproduction, I calculated several clonal diversity indexes for the natural populations of each of the five species guided by the range in clonal threshold values observed across the five Piper species. I show that small changes in the value of the clonal threshold can lead to very different conclusions regarding the level of clonal reproduction in natural populations. C1 [Lasso, E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO AA, Panama City, FL 34002 USA. [Lasso, E.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lasso, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO AA, Panama City, FL 34002 USA. EM elasso@uiuc.edu OI Lasso, Eloisa/0000-0003-4586-8674 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01910.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 271ZL UT WOS:000253827100010 PM 21585721 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Dalgarno, A AF Zhang, Peng Dalgarno, Alexander TI Long-range interactions of ytterbium atoms SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE long-range interaction; ytterbium; polarizability; dispersion coefficient ID COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; POLARIZATION PROPAGATOR; DISPERSION INTERACTIONS; AB-INITIO; POLARIZABILITIES; ELECTRON AB The long-range interactions of two ground state ytterbium atoms and of an ytterbium atom and a perfectly conducting wall are calculated, including the effects of retardation. The static and dynamic polarizabilities are determined using time-independent linear response coupled cluster theory. C1 [Zhang, Peng; Dalgarno, Alexander] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Mol & Opt Phys ITAMP, Inst Theoret Atom, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dalgarno, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Mol & Opt Phys ITAMP, Inst Theoret Atom, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu FU US Department of Energy; National Center for Supercomputing Applications [PHY060042N] FX We thank Dr J. F. Babb for valuable discussions. The research is partly supported by a grant from the Chemical Science, Geoscience and Bioscience Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy. Computational resources were partly provided by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications under PHY060042N and utilized the NCSA IBM p690. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2008 VL 106 IS 12-13 BP 1525 EP 1529 DI 10.1080/00268970802126608 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 348QU UT WOS:000259225800008 ER PT J AU McGowan, KE Coe, MJ Schurch, MPE McBride, VA Galache, JL Edge, WRT Corbet, RHD Laycock, S Buckley, DAH AF McGowan, K. E. Coe, M. J. Schurch, M. P. E. McBride, V. A. Galache, J. L. Edge, W. R. T. Corbet, R. H. D. Laycock, S. Buckley, D. A. H. TI The Chandra Small Magellanic Cloud Wing Survey - the search for X-ray binaries SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : emission-line, Be; Magellanic Clouds; X-rays : binaries ID H I; PULSARS; POPULATION; LUMINOSITY; TRANSIENT; CATALOG; GALAXY; FIELD AB We have detected 523 sources in a survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) Wing with Chandra. By cross-correlating the X-ray data with optical and near-infrared catalogues, we have found 300 matches. Using a technique that combines X-ray colours and X-ray to optical flux ratios, we have been able to assign preliminary classifications to 265 of the objects. Our identifications include four pulsars, one high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) candidate, 34 stars and 185 active galactic nuclei (AGN). In addition, we have classified 32 sources as 'hard' AGN which are likely absorbed by local gas and dust, and nine 'soft' AGN whose nature is still unclear. Considering the abundance of HMXBs discovered so far in the Bar of the SMC the number that we have detected in the Wing is low. C1 [McGowan, K. E.; Coe, M. J.; Schurch, M. P. E.; McBride, V. A.; Edge, W. R. T.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Galache, J. L.; Laycock, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Corbet, R. H. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Buckley, D. A. H.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Buckley, D. A. H.] So African Large Telescope Fdn, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. RP McGowan, KE (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM kem@astro.soton.ac.uk NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 1 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12559.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 243QZ UT WOS:000251813700037 ER PT S AU Carpenter, KG Schrijver, CJ Karovska, M AF Carpenter, Kenneth G. Schrijver, Carolus J. Karovska, Margarita BE Allen, MS TI The Stellar Imager SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Carpenter, Kenneth G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schrijver, Carolus J.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Karovska, Margarita] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Carpenter, KG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Carpenter, Kenneth/D-4740-2012 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 191 EP 227 PG 37 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900007 ER PT S AU Harwit, M Leisawitz, D Rinehart, S Benford, D Budinoff, J Chalmers, R Cottingham, C Danchi, W DiPirro, MJ Farley, R Hyde, TT Jones, AL Kuchner, MJ Liu, A Lyon, R Mather, JC Marx, CT Martino, AJ Moseley, SH Ollendorf, S Quinn, DA Silverberg, RF Whitehouse, P Wilson, M Pearson, JC Lawrence, C Serabyn, E Shao, M Smythe, R Yorke, HW Mundy, LG Lorenzini, E Bombardelli, C Allen, RJ Calzetti, D Blain, A Doggett, W Labeyrie, A Nakagawa, T Neufeld, DA Satyapal, S Stacey, G Wright, EL Elias, NM Fischer, D Leitch, J Noecker, MC Espero, T Friedman, EJ Woodruff, RA Lillie, CF AF Harwit, Martin Leisawitz, David Rinehart, Stephen Benford, Dominic Budinoff, Jason Chalmers, Robert Cottingham, Christine Danchi, William DiPirro, Michael J. Farley, Rodger Hyde, T. Tupper Jones, Andrew L. Kuchner, Marc J. Liu, Alice Lyon, Richard Mather, John C. Marx, Catherine T. Martino, Anthony J. Moseley, S. Harvey Ollendorf, Stanford Quinn, David A. Silverberg, Robert F. Whitehouse, Paul Wilson, Mark Pearson, John C. Lawrence, Charles Serabyn, Eugene Shao, Michael Smythe, Robert Yorke, Harold W. Mundy, Lee G. Lorenzini, Enrico Bombardelli, Claudio Allen, Ronald J. Calzetti, Daniela Blain, Andrew Doggett, William Labeyrie, Antoine Nakagawa, Takao Neufeld, David A. Satyapal, Shobita Stacey, Gordon Wright, Edward L. Elias, Nicholas M., II Fischer, David Leitch, James Noecker, M. Charles Espero, Tracey Friedman, Edward J. Woodruff, Robert A. Lillie, Charles F. CA SPECS Consortium BE Allen, MS TI A Kilometer-Baseline Far-Infrared/Submillimeter Interferometer in Space SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; 1ST STARS; EMISSION C1 [Harwit, Martin; Stacey, Gordon] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Leisawitz, David; Rinehart, Stephen; Benford, Dominic; Budinoff, Jason; Chalmers, Robert; Cottingham, Christine; Danchi, William; DiPirro, Michael J.; Farley, Rodger; Hyde, T. Tupper; Jones, Andrew L.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Liu, Alice; Lyon, Richard; Mather, John C.; Marx, Catherine T.; Martino, Anthony J.; Moseley, S. Harvey; Ollendorf, Stanford; Quinn, David A.; Silverberg, Robert F.; Whitehouse, Paul; Wilson, Mark] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pearson, John C.; Lawrence, Charles; Serabyn, Eugene; Shao, Michael; Smythe, Robert; Yorke, Harold W.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Mundy, Lee G.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lorenzini, Enrico; Bombardelli, Claudio] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Allen, Ronald J.; Calzetti, Daniela] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Blain, Andrew] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Doggett, William] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Labeyrie, Antoine] Observ Heaute Provence, St Michel, France. [Nakagawa, Takao] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 229, Japan. [Neufeld, David A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Satyapal, Shobita] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wright, Edward L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Elias, Nicholas M., II; Fischer, David; Leitch, James; Noecker, M. Charles] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Espero, Tracey; Friedman, Edward J.] Boeing Co, Boulder, CO USA. [Woodruff, Robert A.] Lockheed Martin, Boulder, CO USA. [Lillie, Charles F.] Northrop Grumman, Redondo Beach, CA USA. RP Harwit, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 301 EP 326 PG 26 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900010 ER PT S AU Brissenden, RJ Elvis, MS Reid, PB Schwartz, DA Figueroa-Feliciano, E Zhang, WW Bautz, MW AF Brissenden, Roger J. Elvis, Martin S. Reid, Paul B. Schwartz, Daniel A. Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali Zhang, William W. Bautz, Mark W. BE Allen, MS TI Generation-X Vision Mission SO NASA SPACE SCIENCE VISION MISSIONS SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SPIRAL GALAXY LUMINOSITIES; STAR-FORMATION RATE; STELLAR OBJECTS; RAY-PROPERTIES; ORION-NEBULA; BLACK-HOLES; MASS; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION C1 [Brissenden, Roger J.; Elvis, Martin S.; Reid, Paul B.; Schwartz, Daniel A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali; Zhang, William W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bautz, Mark W.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Brissenden, RJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-934-2 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2008 VL 224 BP 327 EP 367 PG 41 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU77 UT WOS:000267213900011 ER PT B AU Rots, AH AF Rots, Arnold H. BE Graham, MJ Fitzpatrick, MJ McGlynn, TA TI Space-time coordinate metadata for the virtual observatory SO NATIONAL VIRTUAL OBSERVATORY: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Virtual Observatory Summer School CY 2006 CL Aspen, CO SP US Natl Virtual Observ, NSF, NASA C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Chandra Xray Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rots, AH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Chandra Xray Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-327-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 382 BP 393 EP 413 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BHJ47 UT WOS:000253565100038 ER PT B AU McDowell, JC AF McDowell, Jonathan C. BE Graham, MJ Fitzpatrick, MJ McGlynn, TA TI Data models SO NATIONAL VIRTUAL OBSERVATORY: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Virtual Observatory Summer School CY 2006 CL Aspen, CO SP US Natl Virtual Observ, NSF, NASA C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Chandra Xray Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McDowell, JC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Chandra Xray Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-327-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 382 BP 415 EP 424 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BHJ47 UT WOS:000253565100039 ER PT J AU Cao, C Wu, H Wang, Z Ho, LC Huang, JS Deng, ZG AF Cao, C. Wu, H. Wang, Z. Ho, L. C. Huang, J. S. Deng, Z. G. TI Large misalignment between stellar bar and dust pattern in NGC 3488 revealed by Spitzer and SDSS SO NEW ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual(NGC 3488); galaxies : spiral; galaxies : structure; infrared : galaxies ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; BAND SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; STAR-FORMATION RATES; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; SECULAR EVOLUTION; SPIRAL GALAXIES; MOLECULAR GAS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; DISK GALAXIES AB A large position angle misalignment between the stellar bar and the distribution of dust in the late-type barred spiral NGC 3488 was discovered, using mid-infrared images from the Spitzer Space Telescope and optical images from the sloan digital sky survey (SDSS). The angle between the bar and dust patterns was measured to be 25 degrees +/- 2 degrees, larger than most of the misalignments found previously in barred systems based on H alpha or H I/CO observations. The stellar bar is bright at optical and 3.6 mu m, while the dust pattern is more prominent in the 8 mu m band but also shows up in the SDSS it and g-band images, suggesting a rich interstellar medium environment harboring ongoing star formation. This angular misalignment is unlikely to have been caused by spontaneous bar formation. We suggest that the stellar bar and the dust pattern may have different formation histories, and that the large misalignment was triggered by a tidal interaction with a small companion. A statistical analysis of a large sample of nearby galaxies with archival Spitzer data indicates that bar structure such as that seen in NGC 3488 is quite rare in the local Universe. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Coll Phys Sci, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RP Cao, C (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. EM caochen@bao.ac.cn; hwu@bao.ac.cn NR 78 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-1076 J9 NEW ASTRON JI New Astron. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 13 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.newast.2007.06.010 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 224FJ UT WOS:000250432600003 ER PT B AU Nordhaus, MK Evans, NJ Aguirre, J Bally, J Burnett, C Drosback, M Glenn, J Laurent, G Chamberlin, R Rosolowsky, E Vaillancourt, J Walawender, J Williams, J AF Nordhaus, Miranda K. Evans, Neal J. Aguirre, James Bally, John Burnett, Caryn Drosback, Meredith Glenn, Jason Laurent, Glenn Chamberlin, Richard Rosolowsky, Erik Vaillancourt, John Walawender, Josh Williams, Jonathan BE Frebel, A Maund, JR Shen, J Siegel, MH TI The Bolocam 1.1 mm Galactic Plane survey SO NEW HORIZONS IN ASTRONOMY: FRANK N. BASH SYMPOSIUM 2007 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Frank N Bash Symposium on New Horizons Astronomy CY OCT 14-16, 2007 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP McDonald Observ Board Visitors HO Univ Texas ID CLOUDS; GALAXY AB We have mapped approximately 150 square degrees of the Galactic Plane at 1.1 mm with Bolocam on the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. The survey coverage includes the Galactic Center, most of the molecular ring, and many active star-forming regions such as Cygnus X and the W3/4/5 region. This is the first unbiased survey of emission from cold dust associated with massive star and cluster formation. C1 [Nordhaus, Miranda K.; Evans, Neal J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, 1,Univ Stn C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Aguirre, James; Bally, John; Burnett, Caryn; Drosback, Meredith; Glenn, Jason; Laurent, Glenn] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chamberlin, Richard] Caltech Submillimeter Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Rosolowsky, Erik] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Vaillancourt, John] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Walawender, Josh; Williams, Jonathan] Univ Hawaii, Dept Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Nordhaus, MK (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, 1,Univ Stn C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM nordhaus@astro.as.utexas.edu; nje@astro.as.utexas.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-656-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 393 BP 243 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BID35 UT WOS:000258531300028 ER PT B AU Penner, K van den Berg, M Hong, J Laycock, S Zhao, P Grindlay, J AF Penner, Kyle van den Berg, Maureen Hong, JaeSub Laycock, Silas Zhao, Ping Grindlay, Jonathan BE Frebel, A Maund, JR Shen, J Siegel, MH TI The brightest serendipitous X-ray sources in ChaMPlane SO NEW HORIZONS IN ASTRONOMY: FRANK N. BASH SYMPOSIUM 2007 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Frank N Bash Symposium on New Horizons Astronomy CY OCT 14-16, 2007 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP McDonald Observ Board Visitors HO Univ Texas AB The Chandra, Multiwavelength Plane (ChaMPlane) Survey is a comprehensive effort to constrain the population of accretion-powered and coronal low-luminosity X-ray sources (L-X less than or similar to 10(33) erg s(-1)) in the Galaxy. ChaMPlane incorporates X-ray, optical, and infrared observations of fields in the Galactic Plane imaged with Chandra in the past six Years. We present the results of a population study of the brightest X-ray sources in ChaMPlane. We use X-ray spectral fitting, X-ray lightcurve analysis, and optical photometry of candidate counterparts to determine the properties of 21 sources. Our sample includes a previously unreported quiescent low-mass X-ray binary or cataclysmic variable (R = 20.9) and ten stellar sources (12.5 less than or similar to R less than or similar to 15), including one flare star (R = 17.3). We find that quantile analysis, a new technique developed for constraining the X-ray spectral properties of low-count sources, is largely consistent with spectral fitting. C1 [Penner, Kyle] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, 1,Univ Stn C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [van den Berg, Maureen; Hong, JaeSub; Zhao, Ping; Grindlay, Jonathan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Laycock, Silas] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI USA. RP Penner, K (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, 1,Univ Stn C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kpenner@mail.utexas.edu FU NSF [AST-9731923] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of NSF grant AST-9731923. This work was carried out as part of the Research Experience for Undergraduates program at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-656-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 393 BP 247 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BID35 UT WOS:000258531300029 ER PT J AU Taylor, DL McCormick, MK AF Taylor, D. Lee McCormick, Melissa K. TI Internal transcribed spacer primers and sequences for improved characterization of basidiomycetous orchid mycorrhizas SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Ceratobasidium; mycorrhiza; Orchidaceae; Rhizoctonia; ribosomal ITS sequence; Thanatephorus; Tomentella; Tulasnella ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; PINUS-MURICATA FOREST; LADYS SLIPPER ORCHIDS; BELOW-GROUND VIEWS; TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS; PERFECT STATES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC INDIVIDUALS; SYMBIOTIC GERMINATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AB Despite advances owing to molecular approaches, several hurdles still obstruct the identification of fungi forming orchid mycorrhizas. The Tulasnellaceae exhibit accelerated evolution of the nuclear ribosomal operon, causing most standard primers to fail in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) trials. Insufficient sequences are available from well characterized isolates and fruitbodies. Lastly, taxon-specific PCR primers are needed in order to explore the ecology of the fungi outside of the orchid root. Here, progress in overcoming these hurdles is reported. Broad-spectrum basidiomycete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers that do not exclude most known Tulasnellaceae are presented. BLAST searches and empirical PCR tests support their wide utility within the Basidiomycota. Taxon-specific ITS primers are presented targeted to orchid-associated Tulasnella, and a core component of the Thelephora-Tomentella complex. The efficiency and selectivity of these primer sets are again supported by BLAST searches and empirical tests. Lastly, ITS DNA sequences are presented from several strains of Epulorhiza, Ceratorhiza, Ceratobasidium, Sistotrema, Thanatephorus and Tulasnella that were originally described in the landmark mycorrhizal studies of Currah and Warcup. Detailed phylogenetic analyses reveal some inconsistencies in species concepts in these taxonomically challenging resupinate basidiomycetes, but also help to place several sequences from environmental samples. C1 [Taylor, D. Lee] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McCormick, Melissa K.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Taylor, DL (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, 311 Irving I Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ltaylor@iab.alaska.edu OI Taylor, Donald/0000-0002-5985-9210 NR 85 TC 104 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2008 VL 177 IS 4 BP 1020 EP 1033 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02320.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 260BS UT WOS:000252986400020 PM 18086221 ER PT J AU Elizondo, MS Enriquez, IL Peterson, PM Ulloa, CU Jorgensen, PM AF Gonzalez Elizondo, M. Socorro Lopez Enriquez, Irma Lorena Peterson, Paul M. Ulloa, Carmen Ulloa Jorgensen, Peter M. TI Three new species of Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) from the Andean paramos of Colombia and Ecuador SO NOVON LA English DT Article DE Andes; Colombia; Cyperaceae; Ecuador; Eleocharis; IUCN Red List; paramo AB Three new closely related species of Eleocharis R. Brown (Cyperaceae) from Andean paramos are described from Colombia: E. fassettii S. Gonzalez & P. M. Peterson, E. cuatrecasii S. Gonzalez & P. M. Peterson, and E. moraosejoana S. Gonzalez, C. Ulloa & P. M. Jorgensen. They all belong to Eleocharis subgen. Eleocharis, sect. Eleocharis, and differ from related species by a combination of characters, among which are the thin, loose upper sheath apices and the unusual achene shape that is conspicuously tapered toward the base and apex. C1 [Gonzalez Elizondo, M. Socorro; Lopez Enriquez, Irma Lorena] CIIDIR IPN, Unidad Durango, Durango 34220, Mexico. [Peterson, Paul M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ulloa, Carmen Ulloa; Jorgensen, Peter M.] Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Elizondo, MS (reprint author), CIIDIR IPN, Unidad Durango, Sigma SN Fracc 20 de Noviembre 2, Durango 34220, Mexico. EM herbario_ciidir@yahoo.com.mx; lorena_lopez05@yahoo.com.mx; peterson@si.edu; carmen.ulloa@mobot.org; peter.jorgensen@mobot.org NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PY 2008 VL 18 IS 2 BP 168 EP 174 DI 10.3417/2007038 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 306JM UT WOS:000256244200008 ER PT J AU Faden, RB AF Faden, Robert B. TI New Species of Commelina (Commelinaceae) from East and South-central Africa SO NOVON LA English DT Article DE Commelina; Commelinaceae; hook-hairs; IUCN Red List; seed morphology; tropical East Africa ID TANZANIA AB Commelina lukei Faden (Commelinaceae) is newly described from southeastern Kenya, also distributed in northeastern Tanzania and Madagascar. It is distinguished from C. kotschyi Hasskarl by its larger less undulate-margined leaves, larger spathes, and different distribution and ecology; from C. imberbis Ehrenberg ex Hasskarl and C. mascarenica C. B. Clarke by its capsule shape, appendaged seeds, and consistently clasping leaf bases; and from all three species by the presence of solely acicular hairs on the adaxial lamin midrib. Commelina milne-redheadii Faden is newly described from Zambia, also in Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo. It differs from C. scaposa C. B. Clarke by the presence of leaves on the flowering shoots and larger spathes; from C. hockii De Wildeman by its narrower leaves and much smaller, striped spathes; from C. welwitschii C. B. Clarke by its tuberous roots, fewer-veined spathes, and several- to many-flowered upper cincinnus; and from all three species by its blue flowers and seeds with a dorsal ridge. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Faden, RB (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM fadenr@si.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 469 EP 479 DI 10.3417/2007025 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 391BL UT WOS:000262207600009 ER PT S AU Raychaudhury, S Vargas, IM Jones, C Forman, WR Vikhlinin, A Murray, SS AF Raychaudhury, Somak Vargas, I. Monica Jones, Christine Forman, William R. Vikhlinin, Alexey Murray, Steve S. BE Chakrabarti, SK Majumdar, AS TI The nature of Ultra-luminous X-ray sources in early-type galaxies SO OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE FOR BLACK HOLES IN THE UNIVERSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Kolkata Conference on Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe/Satellite Meeting on Black Holes, Neutron Stars and Gamma-Ray Bursts CY FEB 10-17, 2008 CL Kolkata, INDIA SP S N Bose Natl Ctr Basic Sci, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Int Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Indian Space Res Organizat DE Black holes; X-ray binaries; X-ray sources; Elliptical galaxies ID YOUNG STELLAR POPULATIONS; NEARBY GALAXIES; BINARIES AB Since ultraluminous X-ray sources are typically found in late-type systems, particularly in interacting or starburst galaxies, they are thought to be associated with young stellar populations. We find a significant population of ULXs in our sample of 94 nearby elliptical and lenticular galaxies, using the superior resolution of the Chandra X-ray observatory, far exceeding the number expected from background AGN. We show that though some of these ULXs are associated with young stellar populations in the cores of early-type galaxies, not all of the host galaxies show evidence of recent or ongoing star formation. We suggest that these ULXs come from a variety of sources, some being bright LMXBs, while some of them correspond to nuclei of recently accreted dwarf galaxies. C1 [Raychaudhury, Somak] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Raychaudhury, Somak; Vargas, I. Monica; Jones, Christine; Forman, William R.; Vikhlinin, Alexey; Murray, Steve S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Raychaudhury, S (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0582-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1053 BP 111 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIL59 UT WOS:000260564000019 ER PT S AU Christensen, RD Kubo, DY Rao, R AF Christensen, R. D. Kubo, D. Y. Rao, Ramprasad BE Brissenden, RJ Silva, DR TI Overview of engineering activities at the SMA - art. no. 701608 SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems II CY JUN 24-26, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe AB The Submillmeter Array (SMA) consists of 8 6-meter telescopes on the summit of Mauna Kea. The array has been designed to operate from the summit of Mauna Kea and from 3 remote facilities: Hilo, Hawaii, Cambridge, Massachusetts and Taipei, Taiwan. The SMA provides high-resolution scientific observations in most of the major atmospheric windows from 180 to 700 GHz. Each telescope can house up to 8 receivers in a single cryostat and can operate with one or two receiver bands simultaneously. The array being a fully operational observatory, the demand for science time is extremely high. As a result specific time frames have been set-aside during both the day and night for engineering activities. This ensures that the proper amount of time can be spent on maintaining existing equipment or upgrading the system to provide high quality scientific output during nighttime observations. This paper describes the methods employed at the SMA to optimize engineering development of the telescopes and systems such that the time available for scientific observations is not compromised. It will also examine some of the tools used to monitor the SMA during engineering and science observations both at the site and remote facilities. C1 [Christensen, R. D.] Smithsonian Submillimeter Array, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Christensen, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Submillimeter Array, 645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7226-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7016 BP 1608 EP 1608 DI 10.1117/12.787673 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BIJ00 UT WOS:000259924600006 ER PT S AU Katz, C Petitpas, G Gurwell, M Peck, A Wilner, D AF Katz, Charles Petitpas, Glen Gurwell, Mark Peck, Alison Wilner, David BE Brissenden, RJ Silva, DR TI Project Tracking at the Submillimeter Array: from Proposals to Publication - art. no. 701616 SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems II CY JUN 24-26, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE Telescope operations; Observatory scheduling AB We present a new suite of web-based software tools developed at the Submillimeter Array which allow the tracking of projects from the proposal stage all the way to successful completion of the observations. The web-based nature of these tools allows easy world-wide coordination and collaboration through all aspects of a science project, from proposal writing, time allocation, observing script preparation, scheduling, and finally observations. These tools are based oil a project system data-flow which was developed after extensive discussion with proposing scientists, time allocation committee members, support astronomers, and engineers responsible for data quality. This system allows every stage of a project to be tracked, with proposals, time allocation comments, observing scripts, observation schedules, observing logs, data files, data quality reports, etc, all organized in a, simple and convenient structure. In addition to making the data more readily accessible to the scientists, this system allows very accurate tracking of other telescope operational parameters, such as efficiency, share-holder's time fractions, and instrument performance, to name just a few. We will present the underlying design for the project system data-flow, and show the software used to ensure each project; is tracked completely during its path from proposal to completed science observation. C1 [Katz, Charles; Petitpas, Glen; Gurwell, Mark; Wilner, David] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Petitpas, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7226-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7016 BP 1616 EP 1616 DI 10.1117/12.789861 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BIJ00 UT WOS:000259924600036 ER PT S AU Adams-Wolk, NR Plucinsky, PP DePasquale, J AF Adams-Wolk, Nancy R. Plucinsky, Paul P. DePasquale, Joseph BE Brissenden, RJ Silva, DR TI Changing software philosophy for ACIS operations as Chandra ages - art. no. 70161J SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems II CY JUN 24-26, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE X-ray Chandra; PERL; Ground based C plus AB The Chandra X-Ray Observatory is about to start its 10(th) year of operations. Over the time of the mission, the Science Operations Team, ACIS (Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer) Operations group, has participated in spacecraft command load reviews. These reviews ensure the spacecraft commanding is safe for the instrument and the ACIS configuration matches the planned observation. The effectiveness of spacecraft command load reviews for ACIS depends on the ability to adapt the software as operations change in response to the aging of the spacecraft. We have recently rewritten this software to start incorporating other spacecraft subsystems, including maneuvers and hardware commanding, to ensure the safety of ACIS. In addition, operational changes that optimize the science return of the spacecraft have created new constraints on commanding. This paper discusses the reorganization of the code and the multiple changes to the philosophy of the code. The result is stronger, more flexible software that will continue to assist us in protecting ACIS throughout the Chandra mission. C1 [Adams-Wolk, Nancy R.; Plucinsky, Paul P.; DePasquale, Joseph] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Adams-Wolk, NR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI DePasquale, Joseph/0000-0002-9142-9755 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7226-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7016 BP J161 EP J161 DI 10.1117/12.789450 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BIJ00 UT WOS:000259924600049 ER PT S AU Evans, IN Evans, JD Fabbiano, G Glotfelty, KJ McCollough, ML McDowell, JC Primini, FA Rots, AH AF Evans, Ian N. Evans, Janet D. Fabbiano, Giuseppina Glotfelty, Kenny J. McCollough, Michael L. McDowell, Jonathan C. Primini, Francis A. Rots, Arnold H. BE Brissenden, RJ Silva, DR TI Planning and developing the Chandra Source Catalog - art. no. 70161O SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems II CY JUN 24-26, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE catalogs; data archive; data processing; system architecture ID DATA ARCHIVE AB The Chandra Source Catalog, presently being developed by the Chandra X-ray Center, will be the definitive catalog of all X-ray sources detected by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The catalog interface will provide users with a simple mechanism to perform advanced queries on the data content of the archival holdings on a source-by-source basis for X-ray sources matching user-specified search criteria, and is intended to satisfy the needs of a broad-based group of scientists, including those who may be less familiar with astronomical data analysis in the X-ray regime. For each detected X-ray source, the catalog will record commonly tabulated quantities that can be queried, including source position, dimensions, multi-band fluxes, hardness ratios, and variability statistics, derived from all of the observations that include the source within the field of view. However, in addition to these traditional catalog elements, for each X-ray source the catalog will include an extensive set of file-based data products that can be manipulated interactively by the catalog user, including source images, event lists, light curves, and spectra from each observation in which a source is detected. In this paper, we emphasize the design and development of the Chandra Source Catalog. We describe the evaluation process used to plan the data content of the catalog, and the selection of the tabular properties and file-based data products to be provided to the user. We discuss our approach for managing catalog updates derived from either additional data from new observations or from improvements to calibrations and/or analysis algorithms. C1 [Evans, Ian N.; Evans, Janet D.; Fabbiano, Giuseppina; Glotfelty, Kenny J.; McCollough, Michael L.; McDowell, Jonathan C.; Primini, Francis A.; Rots, Arnold H.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Evans, IN (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Rots, Arnold/0000-0003-2377-2356 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7226-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7016 BP O161 EP O161 DI 10.1117/12.790526 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BIJ00 UT WOS:000259924600053 ER PT S AU Kashyap, VL Lee, H Siemiginowska, A McDowell, J Rots, A Drake, J Ratzlaff, P Zezas, A Izem, R Connors, A van Dyk, D Park, T AF Kashyap, Vinay L. Lee, Hyunsook Siemiginowska, Aneta McDowell, Jonathan Rots, Arnold Drake, Jeremy Ratzlaff, Pete Zezas, Andreas Izem, Rima Connors, Alanna van Dyk, David Park, Taeyoung BE Brissenden, RJ Silva, DR TI How to handle calibration uncertainties in high-energy Astrophysics - art. no. 70160P SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations - Strategies, Processes, and Systems II CY JUN 24-26, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE Calibration; Systematic Error; Chandra; ACIS-S; Effective Area; Format AB Unlike statistical errors, whose importance has been well established in astronomical applications, uncertainties in instrument calibration are generally ignored. Despite wide recognition that uncertainties in calibration can cause large systematic errors, robust and principled methods to account for them have not been developed, and consequently there is no mechanism by which they can be incorporated into standard astronomical data analysis. Here we present a framework where they can be encoded such that they can be brought within the scope of analysis. We describe this framework, which is based on a modified MCMC algorithm, and propose a format standard derived from experience with effective area measurements of the ACIS-S detector on Chandra that can be applied to any instrument or method of codifying systematic errors. Calibration uncertainties can then be propagated into model parameter estimates to produce error bars that include systematic error information. C1 [Kashyap, Vinay L.; Lee, Hyunsook; Siemiginowska, Aneta; McDowell, Jonathan; Rots, Arnold; Drake, Jeremy; Ratzlaff, Pete; Zezas, Andreas] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kashyap, VL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Rots, Arnold/0000-0003-2377-2356 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7226-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7016 BP P160 EP P160 DI 10.1117/12.788372 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BIJ00 UT WOS:000259924600021 ER PT J AU Wilson, RE Eaton, M McCracken, KG AF Wilson, Robert E. Eaton, Muir McCracken, Kevin G. TI Color divergence among Cinnamon Teal (Anas cyanoptera) subspecies from north America and south America SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Anas cyanoptera; Cinnamon Teal; color vision; plumage divergence ID RECEPTOR NOISE; OIL DROPLETS; MATE SELECTION; PLATYRHYNCHOS; PREFERENCES; PLUMAGE; VISION; THRESHOLDS; EVOLUTION; CHOICE C1 [Wilson, Robert E.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wilson, Robert E.; McCracken, Kevin G.] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Eaton, Muir] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Wilson, RE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Labs Analyt Biol, 4210 Silver Hill Rd,MRC 534, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM ftrew1@uaf.edu NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 307 EP 314 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 316LM UT WOS:000256951200016 ER PT J AU Miro, RR Kaufmann, KW AF Miro, Rosabel R. Kaufmann, Karl W. TI Panama: Conservation with government collaboration SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Neotropical Ornithological Congress CY MAY 13-19, 2007 CL Maturin, VENEZUELA DE ANAM; conservation; CRIMBI; Panama; Ramsar; shorebirds; Upper Bay of Panama; wetlands; WHSRN AB The Panama Audubon Society (PAS) started working closely with the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM) in 1998 when it asked to have the Upper Bay of Panama (UBP), an important shorebird migration site adjacent to Panama City, placed on the Ramsar Convention list of Wetlands of International Importance. ANAM was very favorable to the proposal but lacked the resources to gather the necessary information to meet the requirements for the designation. PAS then had to develop skills for obtaining funds and to carry out the studies itself. Further work with ANAM included designating the UBP as a Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network site, and sponsoring with them a major dedication ceremony involving over 70 participants from nine different countries. In doing this work, PAS became a conservation organization of influence in Panama and continues to work with ANAM to provide protection for the UBP. C1 [Miro, Rosabel R.] Panama Audubon Soc, Estafeta 0843, Panama. [Kaufmann, Karl W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Kaufmann, Karl W.] Panama Audubon Soc, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Miro, RR (reprint author), Panama Audubon Soc, Apartado 03076, Estafeta 0843, Panama. EM rosabelmiro@mac.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2008 VL 19 SU S BP 321 EP 327 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 305DN UT WOS:000256158100027 ER PT S AU MacPherson, GJ AF MacPherson, Glenn J. BE MacPherson, GJ Mittlefehldt, DW Jones, JH Simon, SB TI Introduction SO OXYGEN IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review CT Workshop on Oxygen in Earliest Solar System Materials and Processes CY SEP 19-22, 2005 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Mineral Soc Amer, Geochem Soc, Lunar & Planetary Inst ID ELEMENTS C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP MacPherson, GJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 119, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM macphers@si.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 978-0-939950-80-5 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2008 VL 68 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.2138/rmg.2008.68.1 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BHI10 UT WOS:000253388400001 ER PT S AU Young, JL Meyer, HW Mustoe, GE AF Young, Jennifer L. Meyer, Herbert W. Mustoe, George E. BE Meyer, HW Smith, DM TI Conservation of an Eocene petrified forest at Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument: Investigation of strategies and techniques for stabilizing in situ fossil stumps SO PALEONTOLOGY OF THE UPPER EOCENE FLORISSANT FORMATION, COLORADO SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Session on Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Late Eocene Florissant Formation, Colorado held at the Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY 2004 CL Denver, CO SP Geol Soc Amer DE adhesives; conservation; consolidants; Florissant; petrified wood AB Silicified stumps at Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument are subject to degradation from a variety of causes, including freeze-thaw weathering. In the past, noninvasive measures have been taken to conserve selected fossils, including use of metal bands for reinforcement and construction of shelters. Our study had two goals. The first was to document the temperature and relative humidity to which petrified stumps are exposed at Florissant. The second was to conduct a preliminary examination of the feasibility of using consolidants and adhesives to reinforce fossil wood and reduce its susceptibility to weathering. Electronic data loggers were used to monitor temperature and relative humidity both internally and externally for one exposed and one sheltered fossil stump, and results indicated that over 289 days of the cold season, there were 119 freeze-thaw events for the surface of the exposed stump and 95 events for the surface of the stump protected by a roof. Temperature and humidity variations were markedly lower for the subsurface sensors. Seven organosilicate formulations were field tested as consolidants on samples of petrified wood. Adhesives used to repair fractures included two polyvinyl butyral (PVB) formulations, two casein adhesives, and one epoxy. After eight months of exposure, fractures repaired with epoxy remained well bonded. Specimens repaired with PVB remained intact, but outer regions were visibly damaged, presumably from UV radiation. Of the two casein products that were tested, one had poor bond strength and the other was difficult to apply because of its low viscosity. Evaluating the effectiveness of organosilicate emulsions as consolidants to reduce weathering rates will require more research. Preliminary results of our field tests have identified goals for future efforts and established performance criteria for adhesives and consolidants used for silicified wood. C1 [Young, Jennifer L.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Young, JL (reprint author), 863 N Winchell St, Portland, OR 97211 USA. EM jyoung.pdx@gmail.com NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2435-5 J9 GEOL S AM S PY 2008 VL 435 BP 141 EP 157 PG 17 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA BME30 UT WOS:000271977800011 ER PT J AU Garzon, SL Torres-Torres, V Jaramillo, C AF Garzon, S. L. Torres-Torres, V Jaramillo, C. TI EARLY OLIGOCENE-EARLY MIOCENE DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS FROM ARROYO ALFEREZ SECTION, CARMEN DE BOLIVAR, COLOMBIA SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Garzon, S. L.] Univ Ind Santander, Santander, Colombia. [Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION PI COLLEGE STATION PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2008 VL 32 BP 260 EP 260 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA V10WR UT WOS:000207494600026 ER PT J AU Green, WA Jaramillo, C AF Green, W. A. Jaramillo, C. TI STRATIGRAPH, A NEW R PACKAGE FOR ANALYSIS AND DISPLAY OF STRATIGRAPHICALLY DISTRIBUTED PALEONTOLOGICAL DATA SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Green, W. A.; Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION PI COLLEGE STATION PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2008 VL 32 BP 260 EP 260 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA V10WR UT WOS:000207494600027 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, NM Jaramillo, C AF Gutierrez, N. M. Jaramillo, C. TI MAASTRICHTIAN PALEOTEMPERATURE AND PALEOPRECIPITATION FROM THE GUADUAS FORMATION, COLOMBIA SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gutierrez, N. M.; Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION PI COLLEGE STATION PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2008 VL 32 BP 260 EP 260 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA V10WR UT WOS:000207494600028 ER PT J AU Herrera, FA Jaramillo, C Dilcher, D Wing, S AF Herrera, F. A. Jaramillo, C. Dilcher, D. Wing, S. TI ARACEOUS FOSSILS FROM AN ANCIENT NEOTROPICAL RAINFOREST OF COLOMBIA SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Herrera, F. A.; Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Herrera, F. A.; Dilcher, D.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wing, S.] Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION PI COLLEGE STATION PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2008 VL 32 BP 261 EP 261 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA V10WR UT WOS:000207494600029 ER PT J AU Herrera, FA Jaramillo, C Wing, S AF Herrera, F. A. Jaramillo, C. Wing, S. TI A 60 MILLION YEAR OLD NEOTROPICAL RAINFOREST: CERREJON PALEOFLORA SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Herrera, F. A.; Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Herrera, F. A.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wing, S.] Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION PI COLLEGE STATION PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2008 VL 32 BP 261 EP 261 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA V10WR UT WOS:000207494600030 ER PT J AU Leite, FPR Guimaraes, EM Dantas, EL Do Carmo, DA AF Leite, F. P. R. Guimaraes, E. M. Dantas, E. L. Do Carmo, D. A. TI CORRELATIONS OF THE SOLIMOES FORMATION (MIOCENE/PLIOCENE) WITH THE NEARBY UNITS BASED ON PALYNOLOGY, MINERALOGY AND ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Leite, F. P. R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Guimaraes, E. M.; Dantas, E. L.; Do Carmo, D. A.] Univ Brasilia, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION PI COLLEGE STATION PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2008 VL 32 BP 263 EP 263 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA V10WR UT WOS:000207494600037 ER PT J AU Mejia, P Dilcher, D Jaramillo, C AF Mejia, P. Dilcher, D. Jaramillo, C. TI FLORAL COMPOSITION OF A LOWER CRETACEOUS PALEOTROPICAL ECOSYSTEM INFERRED FROM QUANTITATIVE PALYNOLOGY SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mejia, P.; Dilcher, D.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION PI COLLEGE STATION PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2008 VL 32 BP 264 EP 264 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA V10WR UT WOS:000207494600041 ER PT J AU Moreno, E Roubik, DW AF Moreno, E. Roubik, D. W. TI MELISSOPALYNOLOGY OF THE SOCIAL BEE TRIGONA CORVINA (HYMENOPTERA: APINAE) SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moreno, E.; Roubik, D. W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION PI COLLEGE STATION PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2008 VL 32 BP 265 EP 265 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA V10WR UT WOS:000207494600043 ER PT J AU O'Dea, A AF O'Dea, A. TI ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE PRECEDED CARIBBEAN EXTINCTION BY 2 MILLION YEARS SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [O'Dea, A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RI O'Dea, Aaron/D-4114-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION PI COLLEGE STATION PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2008 VL 32 BP 266 EP 266 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA V10WR UT WOS:000207494600045 ER PT J AU Pardo, A Jaramillo, C AF Pardo, A. Jaramillo, C. TI PALYNOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE CONCENTRACION FORMATION (EOCENE-OLIGOCENE), EASTERN CORDILLERA, COLOMBIA SO PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jaramillo, C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC STRATIGRAPHIC PALYNOLOGISTS FOUNDATION PI COLLEGE STATION PA C/O VAUGHN M BRYANT, JR, PALNOLOGY LABORATORY, TEXAS A & M UNIV, COLLEGE STATION, TX 77843-4352, UNITED STATES SN 0191-6122 J9 PALYNOLOGY JI Palynology PY 2008 VL 32 BP 267 EP 267 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA V10WR UT WOS:000207494600049 ER PT B AU Haiman, Z Kocsis, B Menou, K Lippai, Z Frei, Z AF Haiman, Zoltan Kocsis, Bence Menou, Kristen Lippai, Zoltan Frei, Zsolt BE Kodama, T Yamada, T Aoki, K TI Identifying Gravitationally Inspiraling Black Hole Binaries Using their Variable Electromagnetic Emission SO PANORAMIC VIEWS OF GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Panoramic Views of Galaxy Formation and Evolution CY DEC 11-16, 2007 CL Hayama, JAPAN SP Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subari Telescope, Fdn Promot Astron Japan, Univ Tokyo ID ACCRETION; DISK; DYNAMICS; SIRENS; GAS AB Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) with masses in the mass range similar to (10(4)-10(7)) M-circle dot/(1 + z), produced in galaxy mergers, are thought to complete their coalescence due to the emission of gravitational waves (GWs). The anticipated detection of the GWs by the future Laser Interferometric Space Antenna (LISA) will constitute a milestone for fundamental physics and astrophysics. While the GW signatures themselves will provide a treasure trove of information, if the source can be securely identified in electromagnetic (EM) bands, this would open up entirely new scientific opportunities, to probe fundamental physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. In this contribution, we discuss several ideas, involving wide-field telescopes, that may be useful in locating electromagnetic counterparts to SMBHBs detected by LISA. In particular, the binary may produce a, variable electromagnetic flux, such as a roughly periodic signal due to the orbital motion prior to coalescence, or a transient signal caused by shocks in the circumbinary disk when the SMBHB recoils and "shakes" the disk. We discuss whether these time-variable EM signatures may be detectable, and how they can help in identifying a unique counterpart within the localization errors provided by LISA. We also discuss a possibility of identifying a population of inspiraling SMBHBs statistically, in a deep optical survey for periodically variable sources, before LISA detects the GWs directly. The discovery of such sources would confirm that gas is present in the vicinity and is being perturbed by the SMBHB - serving as a proof of concept for eventually finding actual LISA counterparts. C1 [Haiman, Zoltan; Menou, Kristen] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kocsis, Bence] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lippai, Zoltan; Frei, Zsolt] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Phys, Budapest, Hungary. RP Haiman, Z (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Kocsis, Bence/C-3061-2013 OI Kocsis, Bence/0000-0002-4865-7517 FU NASA [NNG04GI88G, NNX08AH35G]; Hungarian National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH) FX ZH thanks the organizers of the conference for their invitation, and Mamoru Doi and Tomoki Morokuma for sharing their stimulating Subaru variability search results. The work described here was supported by NASA (grants NNG04GI88G and NNX08AH35G), and by the Polanyi Program of the Hungarian National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH). NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-668-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 399 BP 20 EP 27 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIU97 UT WOS:000262978800003 ER PT B AU McQuinn, M Hernquist, L Zaldarriaga, M Dutta, S AF McQuinn, Matthew Hernquist, Lars Zaldarriaga, Matias Dutta, Suvendra BE Kodama, T Yamada, T Aoki, K TI Studying Reionization with Ly alpha Emitters SO PANORAMIC VIEWS OF GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Panoramic Views of Galaxy Formation and Evolution CY DEC 11-16, 2007 CL Hayama, JAPAN SP Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subari Telescope, Fdn Promot Astron Japan, Univ Tokyo ID GALAXY AB The observed Ly alpha line from a galaxy is attenuated by a neutral intergalactic medium. We calculate the effect that patchy reionization has on the luminosity function, and, most interestingly, on the clustering of Ly alpha emitters from simulations of the Reionization Epoch. Reionization increases the clustering of emitters, and this enhancement would be difficult to attribute to anything other than reionization. C1 [McQuinn, Matthew; Hernquist, Lars; Zaldarriaga, Matias; Dutta, Suvendra] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McQuinn, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-668-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 399 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIU97 UT WOS:000262978800009 ER PT B AU Li, YX Hernquist, L Fazio, G AF Li, Yuexing Hernquist, Lars Fazio, Giovanni BE Kodama, T Yamada, T Aoki, K TI The Formation, Evolution, and Multi-Band Properties of z similar to 6 Quasars and Their Galaxy Progenitors SO PANORAMIC VIEWS OF GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Panoramic Views of Galaxy Formation and Evolution CY DEC 11-16, 2007 CL Hayama, JAPAN SP Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subari Telescope, Fdn Promot Astron Japan, Univ Tokyo ID Z-SIMILAR-TO-6 QUASARS AB We model the formation, evolution, and multi-band properties of quasars at z similar to 6, by combining hydrodynamic simulations (Li et al. 2007) with radiative transfer calculations using ART(2) - All-wavelength Radiative Transfer with Adaptive Refinement Tree (Li et al. 2008). Our model shows that luminous quasars at z similar to 6 call form through hierarchical galaxy mergers in the LCDM cosmology, and our calculations reproduce. a number of observations of z similar to 6 quasars, including the black hole masses, dust properties, and multi-wavelength SEDs and luminosities. We find that SMBHs grow via gas accretion under Eddington limit, without invoking exotic process. The quasar lost obeys the Magorrian relation observed locally as a result of coeval growth of the SMBH and its host. galaxy. Futhermore, the. quasar systems evolve from cold to warm ULIRGs as they transform from a starburst to a quasar. C1 [Li, Yuexing; Hernquist, Lars; Fazio, Giovanni] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Li, YX (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-668-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 399 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIU97 UT WOS:000262978800015 ER PT B AU Erb, D AF Erb, Dawn BE Kodama, T Yamada, T Aoki, K TI Masses, Metallicities, and Gas Flows in Galaxies at High Redshift SO PANORAMIC VIEWS OF GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Panoramic Views of Galaxy Formation and Evolution CY DEC 11-16, 2007 CL Hayama, JAPAN SP Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subari Telescope, Fdn Promot Astron Japan, Univ Tokyo ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; STELLAR POPULATIONS; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; Z-SIMILAR-TO-2; ULTRAVIOLET; SPECTRA AB The comparison of stellar and dynamical masses of star-forming galaxies at z similar to 2 suggests that a small but significant fraction are young and highly gas-rich. This scenario is supported by gas masses and gas fractions determined from the empirical correlation between star formation rate surface. density and gas surface density (the Kennicutt-Schmidt or K-S law). The K-S law can also be used to show that, without the accretion of significant additional gas, these galaxies cannot support the extended star formation histories that are observed. Using metallicity measurements and simple models of chemical evolution in combination with these constraints on gas accretion required by the K-S law, we obtain further constraints on the gas outflow rate, and find that z similar to 2 galaxies are best described by an outflow rate approximately equal to the star formation rate, and a gas accretion rate of approximately the combined outflow and star formation rates. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Washington, DC USA. RP Erb, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Washington, DC USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-668-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 399 BP 239 EP 242 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIU97 UT WOS:000262978800058 ER PT B AU Cox, TJ Dutta, SN Hopkins, PF Hernquist, L AF Cox, T. J. Dutta, Suvendra N. Hopkins, Philip F. Hernquist, Lars BE Kodama, T Yamada, T Aoki, K TI Galaxy Mergers: Driving Galaxy Formation SO PANORAMIC VIEWS OF GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Panoramic Views of Galaxy Formation and Evolution CY DEC 11-16, 2007 CL Hayama, JAPAN SP Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subari Telescope, Fdn Promot Astron Japan, Univ Tokyo ID BLACK-HOLES; FEEDBACK AB It is now well accepted that dark matter halos evolve in a hierarchical fashion. Every halo, and presumably the galaxy it hosts, begins as a small perturbation and grows via complex and varied merger history. This poster presentation outlines efforts to use numerical simulations to better understand how galaxies are shaped by their past mergers. These studies naturally predict that galaxy mergers trigger starbursts, quasars, and leave behind remnants that resemble elliptical galaxies. This entire process is summarized in our Proposed Chronology of a Galaxy Merger and described in more detail in an accompanying set of papers. C1 [Cox, T. J.; Dutta, Suvendra N.; Hopkins, Philip F.; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. RP Cox, TJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02143 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-668-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 399 BP 284 EP 285 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIU97 UT WOS:000262978800071 ER PT B AU Hopkins, PF AF Hopkins, Philip F. BE Kodama, T Yamada, T Aoki, K TI Quenching Models: Their Interplay and Degeneracies SO PANORAMIC VIEWS OF GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Panoramic Views of Galaxy Formation and Evolution CY DEC 11-16, 2007 CL Hayama, JAPAN SP Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subari Telescope, Fdn Promot Astron Japan, Univ Tokyo ID COLOR-DENSITY RELATION; STAR-FORMATION; BLACK-HOLES; HALO MASS; GALAXIES; MORPHOLOGY AB Semi-analytic models invoke a variety of prescriptions to explain "quenching" of red galaxies. We compare a variety of these models, in which quenching is primarily driven by different processes: halo mass (accretion shocks and the transition to "hot accretion"), secular processes and disk instabilities, and major mergers between galaxies. These models can be equally successful at reproducing some observables, in particular the z = 0 galaxy mass functions and their e-volution with redshift, and the local fraction of "quenched" galaxies its a function of mass. There are, however, unique and robust qualitative predictions for it number of observables, including the bivariate red fraction as a function of galaxy and halo mass, the density of passive galaxies at high redshifts, the emergence/evolution of the color-morphology-density relations at high redshift, and the fraction of disky/boxy (or cusp/core) spheroids as a function of mass. In each case, the observations favor models more complex than pure halo processes, although this may still be the. primary driver of evolution (with contributions from other mechanisms playing a secondary role). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-668-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 399 BP 405 EP 408 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIU97 UT WOS:000262978800105 ER PT B AU Hozumi, S Hernquist, L AF Hozumi, Shunsuke Hernquist, Lars BE Kodama, T Yamada, T Aoki, K TI Destructible Bars by Massive Central Black Holes SO PANORAMIC VIEWS OF GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Panoramic Views of Galaxy Formation and Evolution CY DEC 11-16, 2007 CL Hayama, JAPAN SP Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subari Telescope, Fdn Promot Astron Japan, Univ Tokyo ID GALAXIES; DYNAMICS C1 [Hozumi, Shunsuke] Shiga Univ Med Sci, Fac Educ, 2-5-1 Hiratsu, Otsu, Shiga 5200862, Japan. [Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hozumi, S (reprint author), Shiga Univ Med Sci, Fac Educ, 2-5-1 Hiratsu, Otsu, Shiga 5200862, Japan. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-668-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 399 BP 425 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIU97 UT WOS:000262978800112 ER PT B AU Hayward, CC Cox, TJ Hernquist, L AF Hayward, Christopher C. Cox, T. J. Hernquist, Lars BE Kodama, T Yamada, T Aoki, K TI Globular Cluster System Profiles and Kinematics in Galaxy Mergers SO PANORAMIC VIEWS OF GALAXY FORMATION AND EVOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Panoramic Views of Galaxy Formation and Evolution CY DEC 11-16, 2007 CL Hayama, JAPAN SP Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subari Telescope, Fdn Promot Astron Japan, Univ Tokyo ID STAR-FORMATION; REMNANTS; MODEL AB We use N-body plus hydrodynamics simulations to study how the spatial distribution and kinematics of globular cluster systems (GCS) are affected by galaxy mergers. We give each progenitor galaxy a GCS with 3-D number density profile modeled after the Galactic GCS and no net. rotation. We then study how major mergers affect the spatial distribution and kinematics of the GCS. Here we present, our methodology. Future work will vary galaxy parameters, merger orbital parameters, and initial GCS number density profile and kinematics in order to understand how GCS properties depend on the merger history of the host galaxy. C1 [Hayward, Christopher C.; Cox, T. J.; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hayward, CC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS-10,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-668-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 399 BP 477 EP 478 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIU97 UT WOS:000262978800127 ER PT B AU Goddard, I AF Goddard, Ives BE Hele, KS Darnell, R TI Notes on Mahican: Dialects, Sources, Phonemes, Enclitics, and Analogies SO PAPERS OF THE THIRTY-NINTH ALGONQUIAN CONFERENCE SE PAPERS OF THE ALGONQUIAN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Algonquian Conference CY OCT 18-21, 2008 CL York Univ, York, ENGLAND HO York Univ C1 [Goddard, Ives] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MANITOBA PRESS PI WINNIPEG PA 244 ENGINEERING BLDG, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA R3T 2N2, CANADA J9 PAP ALGON CONF PY 2008 VL 39 BP 246 EP 315 PG 70 WC Anthropology; Language & Linguistics SC Anthropology; Linguistics GA BNH30 UT WOS:000274557600009 ER PT B AU Ercolano, B AF Ercolano, B. BE Knapen, JH Mahoney, TJ Vazdekis, A TI The effects of spatially distributed ionization sources on the temperature structure of HII regions SO PATHWAYS THROUGH AN ECLECTIC UNIVERSE SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Pathways Through and Eclectic Universe CY APR 23-27, 2007 CL Santiago del Teide, SPAIN AB Spatially resolved studies of star-forming regions show that the assumption of spherical geometry is not realistic in most cases, with a major complication posed by the gas being ionized by multiple non-centrally located stars or star clusters. Geometrical effects including the spatial configuration of ionizing sources affect the temperature and ionization structure of these regions. We try to isolate the effects of multiple non-centrally located stars via the construction of 3D photoionization models using the 3D Monte Carlo photoionization code MOCASSIN with very simple gas density distributions, but various spatial configurations for the ionization sources. Our first aim is to study the resulting temperature structure of the gas and investigate the behavior of temperature fluctuations within the ionized region. We show that geometry affects the temperature structures in our models differently according to metallicity. For the geometries and stellar populations considered in our study, at intermediate and high metallicities, models with ionizing sources distributed in the full volume, whose Stromgren spheres rarely overlap, show smaller temperature fluctuation than their central ionization counterparts, with fully overlapping concentric Stromgren spheres. The reverse is true at low metallicities. Finally the true temperature fluctuations due to the stellar distribution (as opposed to the large-scale temperature gradients due to other gas properties) are small in all cases and not a significant cause of error in metallicity studies. Emission line spectra from H II regions axe often used to study the metallicity of star-forming regions, as well as providing a constraint for temperatures and luminosities of the ionizing sources. Empirical metallicity diagnostics must often be calibrated with the aid of photoionization models. However, most studies so far have been carried out by assuming spherical or plane-parallel geometries, with major limitations on allowed gas and dust density distributions and with the spatial distribution of multiple, non-centrally located ionizing sources not being accounted for. We compare integrated emission line spectra from our models and quantify any systematic errors caused by the simplifying assumption of a single, central location for all ionizing sources. We find that the dependence of the metallicity indicators on the ionization parameter causes a clear bias, due to the fact that models with a fully distributed configuration of stars always display lower ionization parameters than their fully concentrated counterparts. The errors found imply that the geometrical distribution of ionization sources may partly account for the large scatter in metallicities derived using model-calibrated empirical methods. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ercolano, B (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-650-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 390 BP 110 EP 110 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIA28 UT WOS:000257885300016 ER PT J AU Seitz, PR AF Seitz, Phillip R. TI Tales from the Chew Family Papers: The Charity Castle story SO PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 [Seitz, Phillip R.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTORICAL SOC PA PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1300 LOCUST ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 0031-4587 J9 PENN MAG HIST BIOG JI Pa. Mag. Hist. Biogr. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 132 IS 1 BP 65 EP 86 PG 22 WC History SC History GA 255TY UT WOS:000252681600003 ER PT J AU Taube, M King, AH Chase, WT AF Taube, Michelle King, Alexander H. Chase, W. Thomas TI Transformation of ancient Chinese and model two-phase bronze surfaces to smooth adherent patinas SO PHASE TRANSITIONS LA English DT Article DE selective dissolution; Chinese bronze mirror; tin bronze; copper-tin alloys; tin (IV) oxide; potentiostatic polarization ID SILVER-GOLD ALLOYS; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; GAMMA-BRASS TYPE; SELECTIVE DISSOLUTION; ANODIC DISSOLUTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; NITRIC-ACID; SN ALLOYS; CU-ZN; COPPER AB Many ancient Chinese bronze mirrors have survived with a patina that leaves the delicate surface decorations intact. The microstructure of these mirrors is two-phase: Cu-rich alpha and Sn-rich delta. Although the mirrors have been labeled 'corrosion-resistant', the smooth surface includes a corroded layer up to 100 mu m thick. In this 'altered' layer, there is selective attack of the alpha phase; the alpha-phase regions are replaced by tin oxide with the delta phase remaining metallic. Here, electrochemical polarization has been used to drive the dealloying process in modern, cast bronze duplicating the microstructure on ancient bronzes. Timed experiments were performed to investigate the growth of the 'altered' region on the model samples. The altered layer forms quickly but the rate of growth slows over time. Theoretical calculations show that dissolution of copper from the alpha phase leaves a large volume for the tin oxide corrosion product permitting retention of the smooth surface. C1 [Taube, Michelle] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Conservat & Sci Res, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [King, Alexander H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chase, W. Thomas] Chase Art Serv, Woodstock, CT 06281 USA. RP Taube, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Conservat & Sci Res, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM michelle_taube@yahoo.com RI King, Alexander/B-3148-2012; King, Alexander/P-6497-2015; OI King, Alexander/0000-0001-9677-3769; King, Alexander/0000-0001-7101-6585; Taube, Michelle/0000-0002-4414-5602 NR 68 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1594 J9 PHASE TRANSIT JI Phase Transit. PY 2008 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.1080/01411590701514375 PG 16 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA 251VV UT WOS:000252405000006 ER PT J AU Weck, PF Kim, E Lepp, SH Balakrishnan, N Sadeghpour, HR AF Weck, Philippe F. Kim, Eunja Lepp, Stephen H. Balakrishnan, Naduvalath Sadeghpour, H. R. TI Dimer-induced stabilization of H adsorbate cluster on BN(0001) surface SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE(0001) SURFACE; HYDROGEN; ADSORPTION; CARBON; NANOTUBES; MOLECULES; MODEL AB Using first-principles calculations, we have studied successive adsorption of hydrogen atoms on a sp(2)-bonded boron nitride graphitic sheet. Our calculations show that clustering proceeds through the creation of contiguous H-H orthodimer structures stabilizing the H adsorbate cluster on the BN(0001) surface, leading eventually to the formation of hydrogen-contiguous boat-shaped quartets. C1 [Weck, Philippe F.; Balakrishnan, Naduvalath] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Kim, Eunja; Lepp, Stephen H.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Sadeghpour, H. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Weck, PF (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM weckp@unlv.nevada.edu OI , Philippe/0000-0002-7610-2893 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG36-05GO85028]; NASA (NASA EPSCoR 2008 Proposal Development Award) FX The authors acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy (DOE grant No. DE-FG36-05GO85028) and NASA (NASA EPSCoR 2008 Proposal Development Award). NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 34 BP 5184 EP 5187 DI 10.1039/b809081p PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 341TO UT WOS:000258738200002 PM 18728857 ER PT S AU Vrtilek, SD AF Vrtilek, Saeqa D. BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI Multiwavelength studies of X-ray binaries SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida Off Res, Univ Florida Dept Astronomy ID NEUTRON-STAR; CYGNUS X-2; JET; STATES; CAMPAIGN; IUE AB Simultaneous multiwavelength studies of X-ray binaries have been remarkably successful and resulted in improved physical constraints, a new understanding of the dependence of mass accretion rate on X-ray state, as well as insights on the time-dependent relationship between disk structure and mass-transfer rate. I will give some examples of the tremendous gains we have obtained in our understanding of XRBs by using multiwavelength observations. I will end with an appeal that in this era of three great observatories in space a special effort be put forth to obtaining coordinated observations: Whereas the optical and near-IR originate as superpositions of the secondary star and of accretion processes, the mid-IR crucially detects jet synchrotron emission from NSs that is virtually immeasurable at other wavelengths. A further benefit of Spitzer observations is that mid-infrared wavelengths can easily penetrate regions that are heavily obscured. Many X-ray binaries lie in the Galactic plane and as such are often heavily obscured in the optical by interstellar extinction. The infrared component of the SED, vital to the study of jets and dust, can be provided only by Spitzer; in the X-rays we currently have an unprecedented six satellites available and in the optical and radio dozens of ground-based facilities to complement the Spitzer observations. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Vrtilek, SD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 18 EP 22 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600003 ER PT S AU Cantrell, AG Bailyn, CD McClintock, JE Orosz, JA AF Cantrell, Andrew G. Bailyn, Charles D. McClintock, Jeffrey E. Orosz, Jerome A. BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI Optical state changes in A0620-00 and the interpretation of ellipsoidal light curves SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy ID HOLE BINARY A0620-00; X-RAY TRANSIENTS; BLACK-HOLE; SPECTROSCOPY; FLARES; MASS AB We present optical and infrared photometry of the soft X-ray transient A0620-00, obtained by the SMARTS and YALO consortia, spanning from 1999-2007. Although A0620-00 was X-ray quiescent throughout this period, our data show three distinct optical states, characterized by magnitude, color, and aperiodic variability. In particular, we find that in what we call the "passive" state, A0620-00 exhibits no observable aperiodic variability on any timescale longer than our exposure length. The shape of the passive state light curve is consistent throughout our dataset. The other states are brighter than the passive state, and show enhanced aperiodic variability. These characteristics appear in NIR as well as optical data, suggesting that even NIR light curves may be contaminated if they were not obtained during the passive state. We suggest a reanalysis of historical data, using passive state data to determine the inclination and isolate additional sources of variability. C1 [Cantrell, Andrew G.; Bailyn, Charles D.] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, POB 208101, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [McClintock, Jeffrey E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Orosz, Jerome A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 82182 USA. RP Cantrell, AG (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Astron, POB 208101, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. FU NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0202738]; NSF/AST [0407063, 0707627] FX This work was supported by NSF Graduate Research Fellowship DGE-0202738 to AGC and NSF/AST grants 0407063 and 0707627 to CDB. We are grateful for the assistance of Rui Agostinho and Rosa Doran of the University of Lisbon, who collaborated in obtaining some of the YALO data reported in this paper. AGC also thanks A.M. Hughes for her support of this project. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 69 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600011 ER PT S AU Jonker, PG Torres, MAP Steeghs, D AF Jonker, P. G. Torres, M. A. P. Steeghs, D. BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI Faint Galactic X-ray binaries SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; DISTANCE INDICATORS; TRANSIENT; BURSTS; ACCRETION; RADIATION; EMISSION; OUTBURST; PLANE AB We present a short overview of the properties of faint Galactic X-ray binaries. We place emphasis on current classification scenarios. One of the important parameters for the faint sources is their intrinsic luminosity. In the case of low-mass X-ray binaries it has recently been realised that besides a phase of radius expansion, the duration of type I X-ray bursts can be used as a primer for the source luminosity in some cases. Further, we show that a very low equivalent width of hydrogen and helium emission lines in the optical spectrum alone is not a tell-tale sign for an ultra-compact system. Finally, we list and discuss some unusual sources that could be X-ray binaries. C1 [Jonker, P. G.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Torres, M. A. P.; Steeghs, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Steeghs, D.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Astron & Astrophys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Jonker, PG (reprint author), SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 FU Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; STFC Advanced Fehowship; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation FX PGJ acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. PGJ would like to thank L. Kuiper for useful discussions. DS acknowledges an STFC Advanced Fehowship. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron Ah Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 109 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600022 ER PT S AU Zezas, A AF Zezas, Andreas BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI X-ray source populations in nearby galaxies SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida Off Res, Univ Florida Dept Astronomy ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; CHANDRA MONITORING OBSERVATIONS; YOUNG STAR-CLUSTERS; ANTENNAE GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; NGC-4038/4039; BINARIES; M81 AB We discuss recent results from X-ray observations of nearby spiral and star-forming galaxies. We find evidence for variations between the X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) of the X-ray source populations associated with Main Sequence and more evolved stars. We also find evidence for differences between the XLFs of sources in nearby star-forming galaxies with stellar populations of different ages. These results indicate that although the XLFs of star-forming galaxies are characterized in general by a flat XLF, there are variations related to the age and the type of the dominant X-ray binary populations. Finally we present increasing evidence that single observations of galaxies provide a representative picture of their XLF despite the variability of the individual X-ray sources. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zezas, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS 83,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 281 EP 290 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600062 ER PT S AU Galache, JL Garcia, MR Torres, MP Steeghs, D Murray, SS Williams, BF AF Galache, Jose Luis Garcia, Mike R. Torres, Manuel P. Steeghs, Danny Murray, Steve S. Williams, Benjamin F. BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI Monitoring black hole X-ray transients in M31 with Chanara and HST SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy ID CHANDRA; REGION AB We have concentrated our monitoring campaign on following the X-ray activity of the stellar-mass black hole candidates, XRNe (X-Ray Novae), in the central region of M31. Observations are made approximately once a month with Chandra, following up any bright outbursts with HST in order to identify the optical counterparts. Having measurements of the X-ray and optical luminosities, both in outburst and quiescence, allows for the estimation of a system's orbital period. In this way we have now calculated or constrained this important parameter for 6 systems, and will have a further 6 by the end of the current Chandra cycle. With 12 orbital periods known, it will be possible to compare these values to those of the X-ray binary population in our own galaxy. C1 [Galache, Jose Luis; Garcia, Mike R.; Torres, Manuel P.; Steeghs, Danny; Murray, Steve S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Williams, Benjamin F.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Galache, JL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 298 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600064 ER PT S AU Sivakoff, GR Jordan, A Juett, AM Sarazin, CL Irwin, JA AF Sivakoff, Gregory R. Jordan, Andres Juett, Adrienne M. Sarazin, Craig L. Irwin, Jimmy A. BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI Variable low-mass X-ray binaries in early-type galaxies SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; 4TH EDITION; BLACK-HOLE; NGC-4697; SPECTRUM; DISTANCE; CATALOG AB As the Chandra X-ray Observatory mission matures, increasing numbers of nearby galaxies axe being observed multiple times, sampling the variability of extragalactic X-ray binaries on timescales extending from seconds to years. We present results on luminous low-mass X-ray binaries from several early-type galaxies. We show that instantaneous LMXB luminosity functions of early-type galaxies do not significantly change between observations; a relatively low fraction of sources are strongly variable on less than or similar to 5yr timescales. We discuss the implications that a relatively small number of transient LMXBs are being discovered in early-type galaxies. C1 [Sivakoff, Gregory R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jordan, Andres] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Juett, Adrienne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sarazin, Craig L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Irwin, Jimmy A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sivakoff, GR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Sivakoff, Gregory/G-9602-2011 OI Sivakoff, Gregory/0000-0001-6682-916X FU NASA through Chandra Award [GO4-5093X, AR4-5008X, GO5-6086X, GO6-7091X, GO7-8078X, GO7-8105X]; ARCS fellowship through HST Award [HST-GO-10003.01-A, HST-GO-10582.02-A, HST-GO-10597.03-A, HST-GO-10835.01-A] FX I would like to thank the HST-ACS Virgo Cluster Survey Team and the Centaurus A Very Large Project Team. Support for this work was provided by NASA through Chandra Award Numbers GO4-5093X, AR4-5008X, and GO5-6086X, GO6-7091X, GO7-8078X, and GO7-8105X, through HST Award Numbers HST-GO-10003.01-A, HST-GO-10582.02-A, HST-GO-10597.03-A, and HST-GO-10835.01-A by an ARCS fellowship, and by the F. H. Levinson Fund. I would like to thank the conference organizers for their hard work in making this stimulating conference a success. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 308 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600066 ER PT S AU Antoniou, V Zezas, A Hatzidimitriou, D AF Antoniou, V. Zezas, A. Hatzidimitriou, D. BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI Study of the faint end of the X-ray source populations in the small magellanic cloud SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy ID STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; BINARIES; SMC; METALLICITY; CATALOG AB Using Chandra, XMM-Newton and optical data (published photometric catalogs and our 2dF spectroscopic survey) we study the X-ray binary (XRB) populations of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We find that the number of Be/X-ray binaries (Be-XRBs) peaks at the age of maximum Be-star formation similar to 30-70 Myr ago. We also examine the "overabundance" of Be-XRBs in the SMC fields covered by Chandra, in comparison with the Milky Way. Even after taking into account the difference in the formation rate of OB stars, we estimate that Be-XRBs are similar to 2 times more common in the SMC when compared to the Milky Way and for luminosities down to similar to 10(34) erg s(-1). We explain this large number of SMC Be-XRBs as the result of both its low metallicity environment (similar to 1/5 solar) and its high star-formation (SF) rate at the age of maximum formation of Be stars. C1 [Antoniou, V.; Hatzidimitriou, D.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, POB 2208, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece. [Zezas, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Antoniou, V (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Phys, POB 2208, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece. EM vantoniou@head.cfa.harvard.edu RI Antoniou, Vallia/E-3837-2013 OI Antoniou, Vallia/0000-0001-7539-1593 FU NASA LTSA [NAG5-13056]; NASA [G02-3117X] FX We thank Jonathan McDowell and Vicky Kalogera for useful discussions on the XRB formation. This work was supported by NASA LTSA grant NAG5-13056, and NASA grant G02-3117X. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 320 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600068 ER PT S AU Carpano, S Pollock, AMT Prestwich, A Kilgard, R Crowther, P Wilms, J Yungelson, L Ehle, M AF Carpano, S. Pollock, A. M. T. Prestwich, A. Kilgard, R. Crowther, P. Wilms, J. Yungelson, L. Ehle, M. BE Bandyopadhyay, RM Wachter, S Gelino, D Gelino, CR TI Extragalactic Wolf-Rayet/black-hole X-ray binary candidates NGC 300 X-1 and IC 10 X-1 SO POPULATION EXPLOSION: THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF X-RAY BINARIES IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nature and Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2007 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Natl Sci Fdn, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Univ Florida, Off Res, Univ Florida, Dept Astronomy ID BLACK-HOLE; CYGNUS X-3 AB NGC 300 X-1 and IC 10 X-1 have recently been identified in nearby galaxies as extragalactic examples of the rare class of Wolf-Rayet/compact object X-ray binary system uniquely exemplified in the Galaxy by Cyg X-3. Using Swift TOO observations of NGC 300 X-1 and IC 10 X-1, we recently discovered very similar periods of 32.8 +/- 0.4 and 34.8 +/- 0.9 hours, respectively. We believe that these are likely to be orbital periods. It seems surprising that these are so similar and large compared to the short 4.8 hour period of Cyg X-3, suggesting different evolutionary paths. For both extragalactic candidates we show the allowed ranges of component masses and Wolf-Rayet star wind velocities for which accretion disks could form around the black holes. C1 [Carpano, S.; Pollock, A. M. T.; Ehle, M.] ESA, ESAC, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, POB 50727, Madrid 28080, Spain. [Prestwich, A.; Kilgard, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Crowther, P.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Wilms, J.] FAU Erlangen Nurnherg, Astron Inst, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Yungelson, L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Moscow 119017, Russia. RP Carpano, S (reprint author), ESA, ESAC, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, POB 50727, Madrid 28080, Spain. OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0530-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1010 BP 330 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BHU64 UT WOS:000256528600070 ER EF