FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Morton, TD Slane, P Borkowski, KJ Reynolds, SP Helfand, DJ Gaensler, BM Hughes, JP AF Morton, Timothy D. Slane, Patrick Borkowski, Kazimierz J. Reynolds, Stephen P. Helfand, David J. Gaensler, B. M. Hughes, John P. TI Observations of X-rays and thermal dust emission from the supernova remnant Kes 75 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; ISM : individual (SNR G29.7-0.3); supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED-EMISSION; INNER GALAXY; YOUNG; PULSAR; KESTEVEN-75; DESTRUCTION; G29.7-0.3; GLIMPSE AB We present Spitzer Space Telescope and Chandra X-Ray Observatory observations of the composite Galactic supernova remnant Kes 75 (G29.7-0.3). We use the detected flux at 24 mu m and hot gas parameters from fitting spectra from new, deep X-ray observations to constrain models of dust emission, obtaining a dust-to-gas mass ratio M-dust/M-gas similar to 10(-3). We find that a two-component thermal model, nominally representing shocked swept-up interstellar or circumstellar material and reverse-shocked ejecta, adequately fits the X-ray spectrum, albeit with somewhat high implied densities for both components. We surmise that this model implies a Wolf-Rayet progenitor for the remnant. We also present infrared flux upper limits for the central pulsar wind nebula. C1 Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Morton, TD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1086/520496 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210KU UT WOS:000249455900019 ER PT J AU Chapman, NL Lai, SP Mundy, LG Evans, NJ Brooke, TY Cieza, LA Spiesman, WJ Rebull, LM Stapelfeldt, KR Noriega-Crespo, A Lanz, L Allen, LE Blake, GA Bourke, TL Harvey, PM Huard, TL Jorgensen, JK Koerner, DW Myers, PC Padgett, DL Sargent, AI Teuben, P van Dishoeck, EF Wahhaj, Z Young, KE AF Chapman, Nicholas L. Lai, Shih-Ping Mundy, Lee G. Evans, Neal J., II Brooke, Timothy Y. Cieza, Lucas A. Spiesman, William J. Rebull, Luisa M. Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Noriega-Crespo, Alberto Lanz, Lauranne Allen, Lori E. Blake, Geoffrey A. Bourke, Tyler L. Harvey, Paul M. Huard, Tracy L. Jorgensen, Jes K. Koerner, David W. Myers, Philip C. Padgett, Deborah L. Sargent, Annelia I. Teuben, Peter van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Wahhaj, Zahed Young, Kaisa E. TI The Spitzer c2d survey of large, nearby, interstellar clouds. IV. Lupus observed with mips SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; ISM : clouds; stars : formation ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LOW-MASS MEMBERS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; STELLAR POPULATION; J=1-0 OBSERVATIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DARK CLOUD; DUST; EXTINCTION; IRAC AB We present maps of 7.78 deg(2) of the Lupus molecular cloud complex at 24, 70, and 160 mu m. They were made with the Spitzer Space Telescope Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) instrument as part of the Spitzer Legacy Program "From Molecular Cores to Planet-Forming Disks" (c2d). The maps cover three separate regions in Lupus, denoted I, III, and IV. We discuss the c2d pipeline and how our data processing differs from it. We compare source counts in the three regions with two other data sets and predicted star counts from the Wainscoat model. This comparison shows the contribution from background galaxies in Lupus I. We also create two color-magnitude diagrams using the 2MASS and MIPS data. From these results, we can identify background galaxies and distinguish them from probable young stellar objects. The sources in our catalogs are classified based on their spectral energy distribution ( SED) from 2MASS and Spitzer wavelengths to create a sample of young stellar object candidates. From 2MASS data, we create extinction maps for each region and note a strong correspondence between the extinction and the 160 mu m emission. The masses we derived in each Lupus cloud from our extinction maps are compared to masses estimated from (CO)-C-13 and C-18 O and found to be similar to our extinction masses in some regions, but significantly different in others. Finally, based on our color-magnitude diagrams, we selected 12 of our reddest candidate young stellar objects for individual discussion. Five of the 12 appear to be newly discovered YSOs. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Astron, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Nicholls State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70301 USA. RP Chapman, NL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM chapman@astro.umd.edu RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; OI Lanz, Lauranne/0000-0002-3249-8224; Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X NR 51 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP 288 EP 302 DI 10.1086/520790 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210KU UT WOS:000249455900024 ER PT J AU Cieza, L Padgett, DL Stapelfeldt, KR Augereau, JC Harvey, P Evans, NJ Merin, B Koerner, D Sargent, A van Dishoeck, EF Allen, L Blake, G Brooke, T Chapman, N Huard, T Lai, SP Mundy, L Myers, PC Spiesman, W Wahhaj, Z AF Cieza, Lucas Padgett, Deborah L. Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Augereau, Jean-Charles Harvey, Paul Evans, Neal J., II Merin, Bruno Koerner, David Sargent, Anneila van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Allen, Lori Blake, Geoffrey Brooke, Timothy Chapman, Nicholas Huard, Tracy Lai, Shih-Ping Mundy, Lee Myers, Philip C. Spiesman, William Wahhaj, Zahed TI The Spitzer c2d survey of weak-line T Tauri stars. II. New constraints on the timescale for planet building SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; open clusters and associations : individual (IC 348) planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : pre-main-sequence ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; SUN-LIKE STARS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; YOUNG STARS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; FORMING REGION; OB ASSOCIATION; DEBRIS DISKS; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS AB One of the central goals of the Spitzer Legacy Project "From Cores to Disks'' (c2d) is to determine the frequency of circumstellar disks around weak-line T Tauri stars (WTTSs) and to study the properties and evolutionary status of these disks. Here we present a census of disks for a sample of over 230 WTTSs located in the c2d IRAC and MIPS maps of the Ophiuchus, Lupus, and Perseus Molecular Clouds. We find that similar to 20% of the WTTSs in a magnitude-limited subsample have IR excesses at IRAC wavelengths. These disks frequencies are similar to 3-6 times larger than that recently found for a sample of relatively isolated WTTSs located outside the highest extinction regions covered by the c2d maps. The disk fractions we find are more consistent with those obtained in recent Spitzer studies of WTTSs in young clusters such as IC 348 and Tr37. According to their location in the H-R diagram, the WTTSs with excesses in our sample are among the younger part of the age distribution. Still, up to similar to 50% of the apparently youngest stars in the sample show no evidence of IR excess, suggesting that the circumstellar disks of a sizable fraction of pre-main-sequence stars dissipate in a timescale of similar to 1 Myr. We also find that none of the stars in our sample apparently older than similar to 10 Myr have detectable circumstellar disks at wavelengths < 24 mu m. The WTTS disks in our sample exhibit a wide range of properties (SED morphology, inner radius, L-disk/L-*, etc.) that bridge the gaps observed between the CTTSs and the debris disk regimes. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Lab Astrophys Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. European Space Agcy, Estec, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cieza, L (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; OI Merin, Bruno/0000-0002-8555-3012 NR 82 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP 308 EP 328 DI 10.1086/520698 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210KU UT WOS:000249455900026 ER PT J AU Shirley, YL Claussen, MJ Bourke, TL Young, CH Blake, GA AF Shirley, Yancy L. Claussen, Mark J. Bourke, Tyler L. Young, Chadwick H. Blake, Geoffrey A. TI The detection and characterization of centimeter radio continuum emission from the low-mass protostar L1014-IRS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; radiation mechanisms : thermal radio; continuum : stars; stars : formation ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; T-TAURI STARS; ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; FREE-FREE RADIATION; WATER MASERS; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; EXCITING SOURCES; H2O MASERS; SPECTRAL INDEXES; STARLESS CORES AB Observations by the Cores to Disk Legacy Team with the Spitzer Space Telescope have identified a low-luminosity, mid-infrared source within the dense core, Lynds 1014, which was previously thought to harbor no internal source. Follow-up near-infrared and submillimeter interferometric observations have confirmed the protostellar nature of this source by detecting scattered light from an outflow cavity and a weak molecular outflow. In this paper, we report the detection of centimeter continuum emission with the VLA. The emission is characterized by a quiescent, unresolved 90 mu Jy 6 cm source within 0.2" of the Spitzer source. The spectral index of the quiescent component is alpha = 0: 37 +/- 0: 34 between 6 and 3.6 cm. A factor of 2 increase in 6 cm emission was detected during one epoch and circular polarization was marginally detected at the 5 sigma level with Stokes V/I 48% +/- 16%. We have searched for 22 GHz H2O maser emission toward L1014-IRS, but no masers were detected during seven epochs of observations between 2004 June and 2006 December. L1014-IRS appears to be a low-mass, accreting protostar, which exhibits centimeter emission from a thermal jet or a wind, with a variable nonthermal emission component. The quiescent cm radio emission is noticeably above the correlation of 3.6 and 6 cm luminosity versus bolometric luminosity, indicating more radio emission than expected. In this paper, we characterize the centimeter continuum emission in terms of observations of other low-mass protostars, including updated correlations of centimeter continuum emission with bolometric luminosity and outflow force, and discuss the implications of recent larger distance estimates on the physical attributes of the protostar and dense molecular core. C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Nicholls State Univ, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 97 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP 329 EP 339 DI 10.1086/520570 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210KU UT WOS:000249455900027 ER PT J AU Steeghs, D Howell, SB Knigge, C Gansicke, BT Sion, EM Welsh, WF AF Steeghs, Danny Howell, Steve B. Knigge, Christian Gansicke, Boris T. Sion, Edward M. Welsh, William F. TI Dynamical constraints on the component masses of the cataclysmic variable WZ Sagittae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (WZ Sge); white dwarfs ID SPACE-TELESCOPE-SPECTROSCOPY; 2001 JULY OUTBURST; DWARF NOVA; WHITE-DWARF; ACCRETION-DISK; DONOR STARS; SGE; QUIESCENCE; EMISSION; PARALLAXES AB We present phase-resolved spectroscopy of the short-period cataclysmic variable WZ Sge obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. We were able to resolve the orbital motion of a number of absorption lines that likely probe the environment near the accreting white dwarf. The radial velocities derived from simultaneous fits to 13 absorption lines indicate an orbital velocity semi-amplitude of K-UV (47 +/- 3) km s(-1). However, we find that the phase zero is offset from the white dwarf ephemeris by +0.1. Our offset and velocity amplitude are very similar to constraints derived from optical emission lines from the quiescent accretion disk, despite the fact that we are probing material much closer to the primary. If we associate the UV amplitude with K-1, our dynamical constraints together with the published K-2 estimates and the known binary inclination of i = 77 +/- 2 imply 0.88 M-circle dot < M-1 < 1.53 M-circle dot, 0: 078 M-circle dot < M-2 < 0.13 M-circle dot, and 0.075 < q = M-2/M-1 < 0.101. If we interpret the mean velocity of the UV lines [-(16 +/- 4) km s(-1)] as being due to the gravitational redshift caused in the high-g environment near the white dwarf, we find v(grav) (56 +/- 5) km s(-1), which provides an independent estimate on the mass of the primary of M-1 (0.85 +/- 0.04) M-circle dot when coupled with a mass-radius relation. Our primary mass estimates are in excellent agreement and are also self-consistent with spectrophotometric fits to the UV fluxes despite the observed phase offset. It is at this point unclear what causes the observed phase offset in the UV spectra and by how much it distorts the radial velocity signature from the underlying white dwarf. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 9BU, W Midlands, England. WIYN Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Villanova Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Steeghs, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dsteeghs@cfa.harvard.edu; howell@noao.edu; christian@astro.soton.ac.uk; boris.gaensicke@warwick.ac.uk; emsion@ast.villanova.edu; wfw@sciences.sdsu.edu RI Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP 442 EP 447 DI 10.1086/520702 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210KU UT WOS:000249455900039 ER PT J AU Gautier, TN Rieke, GH Stansberry, J Bryden, GC Stapelfeldt, KR Werner, MW Beichman, CA Chen, C Su, K Trilling, D Patten, BM Roellig, TL AF Gautier, Thomas N. Rieke, G. H. Stansberry, John Bryden, Geoffrey C. Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Werner, Michael W. Beichman, Charles A. Chen, Christine Su, Kate Trilling, David Patten, Brian M. Roellig, Thomas L. TI Far-infrared properties of M dwarfs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; planetary systems; stars : fundamental parameters (colors); stars : late-type ID MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; MAIN-SEQUENCE; REDUCTION ALGORITHMS; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; DEBRIS DISKS; SPITZER MIPS; T-DWARFS; STARS; NEARBY; NEIGHBORS AB We report the mid- and far-infrared properties of nearby M dwarfs. Spitzer MIPS measurements were obtained for a sample of 62 stars at 24 mu m, with subsamples of 41 and 20 stars observed at 70 and 160 mu m, respectively. We compare the results with current models of M star photospheres and look for indications of circumstellar dust in the form of significant deviations of K-[24 mu m] colors and 70 mu m/24 mu m flux ratios from the average M star values. At 24 mu m, all 62 of the targets were detected; 70 mu m detections were achieved for 20 targets in the subsample observed, and no detections were seen in the 160 mu m subsample. No clear far-infrared excesses were detected in our sample. The average far-infrared excess relative to the photospheric emission of the M stars is at least 4 times smaller than the similar average for a sample of solar-type stars. However, this limit allows the average fractional infrared luminosity in the M-star sample to be similar to that for more massive stars. We have also set low limits (10(-4) to 10(-9) M-circle times depending on location) for the maximum mass of dust possible around our stars. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gautier, TN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM thomas.n.gautier@jpl.nasa.gov RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; OI Su, Kate/0000-0002-3532-5580 NR 38 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP 527 EP 536 DI 10.1086/520667 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210KU UT WOS:000249455900046 ER PT J AU de Jong, RS Seth, AC Radburn-Smith, DJ Bell, EF Brown, TM Bullock, JS Courteau, S Dalcanton, JJ Ferguson, HC Goudfrooij, P Holfeltz, S Holwerda, BW Purcell, C Sick, J Zucker, DB AF de Jong, Roelof S. Seth, A. C. Radburn-Smith, D. J. Bell, E. F. Brown, T. M. Bullock, J. S. Courteau, S. Dalcanton, J. J. Ferguson, H. C. Goudfrooij, P. Holfeltz, S. Holwerda, B. W. Purcell, C. Sick, J. Zucker, D. B. TI Stellar populations across the NGC 4244 truncated galactic disk SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : halos; galaxies : individual (NGC 4244); galaxies : spiral; galaxies : stellar content; galaxies : structure ID TELESCOPE ADVANCED CAMERA; ON SPIRAL GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; DEEP; EVOLUTION; ROTATION; EDGES; GAS AB We use the Hubble Space Telescope ACS to study the resolved stellar populations of the nearby, nearly edge-on galaxy NGC 4244 across its outer disk surface density break. The stellar photometry allows us to study the distribution of different stellar populations and reach very low equivalent surface brightnesses. We find that the break occurs at the same radius for young, intermediate-age, and old stars. The stellar density beyond the break drops sharply by a factor of at least 600 in 5 kpc. The break occurs at the same radius independent of height above the disk, but is sharpest in the midplane and nearly disappears at large heights. These results make it unlikely that truncations are caused by a star formation threshold alone: the threshold would have to keep the same radial position from less than 100 Myr to 10 Gyr ago, in spite of potential disturbances such as infall and redistribution of gas by internal processes. A dynamical interpretation of truncation formation is more likely, such as due to angular momentum redistribution by bars or density waves, or heating and stripping of stars caused by the bombardment of dark matter subhalos. The latter explanation is also in quantitative agreement with the small diffuse component we see around the galaxy. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92967 USA. Queens Univ, Kingston, ON, Canada. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP de Jong, RS (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Bullock, James/K-1928-2015; OI Bullock, James/0000-0003-4298-5082; Holwerda, Benne/0000-0002-4884-6756; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873 NR 31 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 667 IS 1 BP L49 EP L52 DI 10.1086/522035 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 210NJ UT WOS:000249462600013 ER PT J AU Beadell, JS Atkins, C Cashion, E Jonker, M Fleischer, RC AF Beadell, Jon S. Atkins, Colm Cashion, Erin Jonker, Michelle Fleischer, Robert C. TI Immunological Change in a Parasite-Impoverished Environment: Divergent Signals from Four Island Taxa SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Dramatic declines of native Hawaiian avifauna due to the human-mediated emergence of avian malaria and pox prompted an examination of whether island taxa share a common altered immunological signature, potentially driven by reduced genetic diversity and reduced exposure to parasites. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing parasite prevalence, genetic diversity and three measures of immune response in two recently-introduced species (Neochmia temporalis and Zosterops lateralis) and two island endemics (Acrocephalus aequinoctialis and A. rimitarae) and then comparing the results to those observed in closely-related mainland counterparts. The prevalence of blood parasites was significantly lower in 3 of 4 island taxa, due in part to the absence of certain parasite lineages represented in mainland populations. Indices of genetic diversity were unchanged in the island population of N. temporalis; however, allelic richness was significantly lower in the island population of Z. lateralis while both allelic richness and heterozygosity were significantly reduced in the two island-endemic species examined. Although parasite prevalence and genetic diversity generally conformed to expectations for an island system, we did not find evidence for a pattern of uniformly altered immune responses in island taxa, even amongst endemic taxa with the longest residence times. The island population of Z. lateralis exhibited a significantly reduced inflammatory cell-mediated response while levels of natural antibodies remained unchanged for this and the other recently introduced island taxon. In contrast, the island endemic A. rimitarae exhibited a significantly increased inflammatory response as well as higher levels of natural antibodies and complement. These measures were unchanged or lower in A. aequinoctialis. We suggest that small differences in the pathogenic landscape and the stochastic history of mutation and genetic drift are likely to be important in shaping the unique immunological profiles of small isolated populations. Consequently, predicting the impact of introduced disease on the many other endemic faunas of the remote Pacific will remain a challenge. C1 [Beadell, Jon S.; Atkins, Colm; Cashion, Erin; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Beadell, Jon S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jonker, Michelle] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Beadell, JS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM beadellj@si.edu RI Jonker, Michelle/A-4563-2016 OI Jonker, Michelle/0000-0002-0876-6081 FU National Science Foundation [0508754]; Smithsonian Institution (Abbott Fund); Cosmos Club; American Ornithologists' Union FX This project was supported by the National Science Foundation ( Grant No. 0508754), Smithsonian Institution (Abbott Fund grant and graduate fellowship), Cosmos Club, and the American Ornithologists' Union. NR 93 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD SEP 19 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 9 AR e896 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000896 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10HS UT WOS:000207455700004 PM 17878931 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, NJ Perez-Gelabert, DE AF Vandenberg, Natalia J. Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. TI Redescription of the Hispaniolan ladybird genus Bura Mulsant (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) and justification for its transfer from Coccidulinae to Sticholotidinae SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE taxonomy; phylogeny; Coccinellidae; Sticholotidinae; Coccidulinae; Hispaniola ID GENERA; TRIBE; REVISION; MEXICO AB The Hispaniolan genus Bura Mulsant is removed from Coccidulinae and placed in Sticholotidinae. The characteristics which justify this transfer are discussed and an historical review of the classification of the Sticholotidinae is presented. Bura is diagnosed and redescribed, and its affinities to other Sticholotidini are discussed. Illustrations of key generic characters are provided. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Vandenberg, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Natalia.Vandenberg@ars.usda.gov; perezd@si.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 17 PY 2007 IS 1586 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 211ZN UT WOS:000249563300004 ER PT J AU Thompson, FC AF Thompson, F. Christian TI The Vietnam War added a motive to go on studying SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Thompson, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 0169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 13 PY 2007 VL 449 IS 7159 BP 139 EP 139 DI 10.1038/449139d PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 209NF UT WOS:000249394500019 PM 17851491 ER PT J AU Oreska, M Carrano, M Lockwood, R AF Oreska, Matthew Carrano, Matthew Lockwood, Rowan TI Paleoecology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) vertebrate fauna from microvertebrate sites in the Bighorn basin, Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Coll William & Mary, Richmond, VA USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA USA. RI Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 SU S BP 126A EP 126A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 211PJ UT WOS:000249535400439 ER PT J AU Pobiner, B AF Pobiner, Briana TI Taxon specificity in bone damage level and tooth mark frequency inflicted by extant African carnivores SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 SU S BP 130A EP 130A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 211PJ UT WOS:000249535400459 ER PT J AU Purdy, R AF Purdy, Robert TI The ancestry of Carcharodon Carcharias revisited SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 SU S BP 131A EP 131A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 211PJ UT WOS:000249535400466 ER PT J AU Smith, R Sidor, C Tabor, N Steyer, JS Chaney, D AF Smith, Roger Sidor, Christian Tabor, Neil Steyer, J. Sebastien Chaney, Dan TI Vertebrate taphonomy of a Permian "wet desert" in central Pangea SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 S African Museum, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. CNRS, MNHN, Paris, France. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 SU S BP 150A EP 150A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 211PJ UT WOS:000249535400558 ER PT J AU Stromberg, C Smith, F AF Stromberg, Caroline Smith, Francesca TI Towards calibrating the late Miocene C-3/C-4 shift in the Great Plains, North America: A combined record of phytolith assemblage composition and stable carbon isotopes SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 SU S BP 154A EP 154A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 211PJ UT WOS:000249535400578 ER PT J AU Uhen, M AF Uhen, Mark TI The earliest toothless Mysticete: A chaeomysticetan from the early Oligocene Alsea Formation, Toledo, Oregon SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 SU S BP 161A EP 161A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 211PJ UT WOS:000249535400613 ER PT J AU Wesley-Hunt, G Dehghani, R Werdelin, L AF Wesley-Hunt, Gina Dehghani, Reihaneh Werdelin, Lars TI Comparative ecomorphology and biogeography of the Herpestidae and Viverridae SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian, Washington, DC USA. Swedish Museum Nat Hist, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 SU S BP 165A EP 165A PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 211PJ UT WOS:000249535400633 ER PT J AU Emry, RJ Korth, WW AF Emry, Robert J. Korth, William W. TI A new genus of squirrel (Rodentia, Sciuridae) from the mid-Cenozoic of North America SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION AB A new genus of sciurid, Hesperopetes. contains three species: H. thoringtoni (type species), H. jamesi, and H. blacki. H. thoringtoni is front the early Chadronian (late Eocene) White River Formation of central Wyoming and represents the earliest recognized species of sciurid. The other species are from the latest Whitneyan or earliest Arikareean (late Oligocene) Blue Ash local fauna of South Dakota. Hesperopetes is closest in dental morphology to Oligopetes Heissig, which is known only from the early Oligocene of Europe. Hesperopetes may also represent the earliest occurrence of a lineage leading to pteromyine sciurids ("flying" squirrels). It is impossible at this time to construct a phylogeny of North American "flying" squirrels due to their scarcity in the fossil record and their undetermined relationships with Old World taxa. C1 Rochester Inst Vertebrate Paleontol, Rochester, NY 14610 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Korth, WW (reprint author), Rochester Inst Vertebrate Paleontol, Rochester, NY 14610 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 693 EP 698 DI 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[693:ANGOSR]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 210RS UT WOS:000249473900012 ER PT J AU Younger, JD Bryan, GL AF Younger, Joshua D. Bryan, Greg L. TI Cosmological simulations of the preheating scenario for galaxy cluster formation: Comparison to analytic models and observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; intergalactic medium; methods : numerical; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; DARK-MATTER HALO; SCALING RELATIONS; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; TEMPERATURE FUNCTION; DENSITY PROFILE; POWER SPECTRUM; MASS FUNCTION; HOT PLASMA; T RELATION AB We perform a set of nonradiative cosmological simulations of a preheated intracluster medium in which the entropy of the gas was uniformly boosted at high redshift. The results of these simulations are used first to test the current analytic techniques of preheating via entropy input in the smooth accretion limit. When the unmodified profile is taken directly from simulations, we find that this model is in excellent agreement with the results of our simulations. This suggests that preheated efficiently smooths the accreted gas, and therefore a shift in the unmodified profile is a good approximation even with a realistic accretion history. When we examine the simulation results in detail, we do not find strong evidence for entropy amplification, at least for the high- redshift preheating model adopted here. In the second section of the paper, we compare the results of the preheating simulations to recent observations. We show in agreement with previous work - that for a reasonable amount of preheating, a satisfactory match can be found to the mass- temperature and luminosity- temperature relations. However, as noted by previous authors, we find that the entropy profiles of the simulated groups are much too flat compared to observations. In particular, while rich clusters converge on the adiabatic self- similar scaling at large radius, no single value of the entropy input during preheating can simultaneously reproduce both the core and outer entropy levels. As a result, we confirm that the simple preheating scenario for galaxy cluster formation, in which entropy is injected universally at high redshift, is inconsistent with observations. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Younger, JD (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. OI Bryan, Greg/0000-0003-2630-9228 NR 76 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 647 EP 657 DI 10.1086/520619 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700003 ER PT J AU Miknaitis, G Pignata, G Rest, A Wood-Vasey, WM Blondin, S Challis, P Smith, RC Stubbs, CW Suntzeff, NB Foley, RJ Matheson, T Tonry, JL Aguilera, C Blackman, JW Becker, AC Clocchiatti, A Covarrubias, R Davis, TM Filippenko, AV Garg, A Garnavich, PM Hicken, M Jha, S Krisciunas, K Kirshner, RP Leibundgut, B Li, W Miceli, A Narayan, G Prieto, JL Riess, AG Salvo, ME Schmidt, BP Sollerman, J Spyromilio, J Zenteno, A AF Miknaitis, G. Pignata, G. Rest, A. Wood-Vasey, W. M. Blondin, S. Challis, P. Smith, R. C. Stubbs, C. W. Suntzeff, N. B. Foley, R. J. Matheson, T. Tonry, J. L. Aguilera, C. Blackman, J. W. Becker, A. C. Clocchiatti, A. Covarrubias, R. Davis, T. M. Filippenko, A. V. Garg, A. Garnavich, P. M. Hicken, M. Jha, S. Krisciunas, K. Kirshner, R. P. Leibundgut, B. Li, W. Miceli, A. Narayan, G. Prieto, J. L. Riess, A. G. Salvo, M. E. Schmidt, B. P. Sollerman, J. Spyromilio, J. Zenteno, A. TI The ESSENCE supernova survey: Survey optimization, observations, and supernova photometry SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : observations; methods : data analysis; supernovae : general; surveys ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; IA SUPERNOVAE; DARK ENERGY; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; CELESTIAL EQUATOR; STANDARD STARS; HOST GALAXIES AB We describe the implementation and optimization of the ESSENCE supernova survey, which we have undertaken to measure the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, w = P/(rho c(2)). We present a method for optimizing the survey exposure times and cadence to maximize our sensitivity to w for a given fixed amount of telescope time. For our survey on the CTIO 4 m telescope, measuring the luminosity distances and redshifts for supernovae at modest redshifts (z approximate to 0: 5 +/- 0: 2) is optimal for determining w. We describe the data analysis pipeline based on using reliable and robust image subtraction to find supernovae automatically and in nearly real time. Since making cosmological inferences with supernovae relies crucially on accurate measurement of their apparent brightnesses, we describe our efforts to establish a thorough calibration of the CTIO 4 m telescope's natural photometric system. In its first four years, ESSENCE has discovered and spectroscopically confirmed 102 Type Ia supernovae, at redshifts from 0.10 to 0.78, identified through an impartial, effective methodology for spectroscopic classification and redshift determination. We present the resulting light curves for all of the Type Ia supernovae found by ESSENCE and used in our measurement of w, presented in a companion paper by Wood-Vasey and coworkers. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, MS 29, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Miknaitis, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Davis, Tamara/A-4280-2008; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Davis, Tamara/0000-0002-4213-8783; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287; Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615; Narayan, Gautham/0000-0001-6022-0484 NR 104 TC 181 Z9 182 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 674 EP 693 DI 10.1086/519986 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700006 ER PT J AU Wood-Vasey, WM Miknaitis, G Stubbs, CW Jha, S Riess, AG Garnavich, PM Kirshner, RP Aguilera, C Becker, AC Blackman, JW Blondin, S Challis, P Clocchiatti, A Conley, A Covarrubias, R Davis, TM Filippenko, AV Foley, RJ Garg, A Hicken, M Krisciunas, K Leibundgut, B Li, W Matheson, T Miceli, A Narayan, G Pignata, G Prieto, JL Rest, A Salvo, ME Schmidt, BP Smith, RC Sollerman, J Spyromilio, J Tonry, JL Suntzeff, NB Zenteno, A AF Wood-Vasey, W. M. Miknaitis, G. Stubbs, C. W. Jha, S. Riess, A. G. Garnavich, P. M. Kirshner, R. P. Aguilera, C. Becker, A. C. Blackman, J. W. Blondin, S. Challis, P. Clocchiatti, A. Conley, A. Covarrubias, R. Davis, T. M. Filippenko, A. V. Foley, R. J. Garg, A. Hicken, M. Krisciunas, K. Leibundgut, B. Li, W. Matheson, T. Miceli, A. Narayan, G. Pignata, G. Prieto, J. L. Rest, A. Salvo, M. E. Schmidt, B. P. Smith, R. C. Sollerman, J. Spyromilio, J. Tonry, J. L. Suntzeff, N. B. Zenteno, A. TI Observational constraints on the nature of dark energy: First cosmological results from the ESSENCE supernova survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations; supernovae : general ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; IA SUPERNOVAE; ACCELERATING UNIVERSE; LEGACY SURVEY; HOST GALAXIES; TIME DILATION; INTERGALACTIC DUST; PRECISE DISTANCE AB We present constraints on the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, w = P/(rho c(2)), using 60 SNe Ia fromthe ESSENCE supernova survey. We derive a set of constraints on the nature of the dark energy assuming a flat universe. By including constraints on (Omega(M), w) from baryon acoustic oscillations, we obtain a value for a static equation-of-state parameter w = -1:05(-0.12)(+0: 13) (stat 1 sigma) +/- 0: 13 (sys) and Omega(M) = 0:274(-0.020)(+0:033) (stat 1 sigma) with a bestfit chi(2)/dof of 0.96. These results are consistent with those reported by the Supernova Legacy Survey from the first year of a similar program measuring supernova distances and redshifts. We evaluate sources of systematic error that afflict supernova observations and present Monte Carlo simulations that explore these effects. Currently, the largest systematic with the potential to affect our measurements is the treatment of extinction due to dust in the supernova host galaxies. Combining our set of ESSENCE SNe Ia with the first-results Supernova Legacy Survey SNe Ia, we obtain a joint constraint of w = -1:07(-0: 09)(+0:09) (stat 1 sigma) +/- 0: 13 ( sys), Omega(M) 0:267(-0:028)(+0:028) (stat 1 sigma) with a best-fit chi(2)/dof of 0.91. The current global SN Ia data alone rule out empty (Omega(M) = 0), matter-only Omega(M) = 0: 3, and Omega(M) = 1 universes at > 4.5 sigma. The current SN Ia data are fully consistent with a cosmological constant. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wood-Vasey, WM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wmwood-vasey@cfa.harvard.edu RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Davis, Tamara/A-4280-2008; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Davis, Tamara/0000-0002-4213-8783; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287; Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615; Narayan, Gautham/0000-0001-6022-0484 NR 144 TC 590 Z9 594 U1 2 U2 18 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 694 EP 715 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700007 ER PT J AU Davis, TM Mortsell, E Sollerman, J Becker, AC Blondin, S Challis, P Clocchiatti, A Filippenko, AV Foley, RJ Garnavich, PM Jha, S Krisciunas, K Kirshner, RP Leibundgut, B Li, W Matheson, T Miknaitis, G Pignata, G Rest, A Riess, AG Schmidt, BP Smith, RC Spyromilio, J Stubbs, CW Suntzeff, NB Tonry, JL Wood-Vasey, WM Zenteno, A AF Davis, T. M. Mortsell, E. Sollerman, J. Becker, A. C. Blondin, S. Challis, P. Clocchiatti, A. Filippenko, A. V. Foley, R. J. Garnavich, P. M. Jha, S. Krisciunas, K. Kirshner, R. P. Leibundgut, B. Li, W. Matheson, T. Miknaitis, G. Pignata, G. Rest, A. Riess, A. G. Schmidt, B. P. Smith, R. C. Spyromilio, J. Stubbs, C. W. Suntzeff, N. B. Tonry, J. L. Wood-Vasey, W. M. Zenteno, A. TI Scrutinizing exotic cosmological models using essence supernova data combined with other cosmological probes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; supernovae : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; BVRI LIGHT CURVES; EQUATION-OF-STATE; DARK ENERGY; IA SUPERNOVAE; WMAP OBSERVATIONS; CHAPLYGIN-GAS; LEGACY SURVEY; CONSTRAINTS AB The first cosmological results from the ESSENCE supernova survey ( Wood- Vasey and coworkers) are extended to a wider range of cosmological models including dynamical dark energy and nonstandard cosmological models. We fold in a greater number of external data sets such as the recent Higher- z release of high- redshift supernovae ( Riess and coworkers), as well as several complementary cosmological probes. Model comparison statistics such as the Bayesian and Akaike information criteria are applied to gauge the worth of models. These statistics favor models that give a good fit with fewer parameters. Based on this analysis, the preferred cosmological model is the flat cosmological constant model, where the expansion history of the universe can be adequately described with only one free parameter describing the energy content of the universe. Among the more exotic models that provide good fits to the data, we note a preference for models whose best- fit parameters reduce them to the cosmological constant model. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Davis, TM (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM tamarad@dark-cosmology.dk; edvard@astro.su.se; jesper@dark-cosmology.dk RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Davis, Tamara/A-4280-2008; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Davis, Tamara/0000-0002-4213-8783; Schmidt, Brian/0000-0001-6589-1287; Sollerman, Jesper/0000-0003-1546-6615 NR 75 TC 392 Z9 393 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 716 EP 725 DI 10.1086/519988 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700008 ER PT J AU Fields, DL Mathur, S Krongold, Y Williams, R Nicastro, F AF Fields, Dale L. Mathur, Smita Krongold, Yair Williams, Rik Nicastro, Fabrizio TI The weak absorbing outflow in AGN Mrk 279: Evidence of supersolar metal abundances SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : Seyfert; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : individual (Mrk 279); X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RAY/ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVING CAMPAIGN; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES; RAY WARM ABSORBER; X-RAY; ABSORPTION-LINES; INTRINSIC ABSORPTION; CHANDRA-LETGS; IONIZED-GAS AB We present analysis and photoionization modeling of the Chandra high-resolution spectrum of Mrk 279. There is clear evidence of an absorbing outflow that is best fit by a two-component model: one with a low-ionization parameter and one with a higher ionization parameter. The column density of the X-ray warm absorber, about log N-H = 20, is the smallest known of all active galactic nuclei ( AGNs) in which X-ray absorbing outflows are observed. We find that the X-ray and UV/FUVabsorbers are part of the same overall outflow. There is some evidence of supersolar carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and iron in the Chandra spectrum of Mrk 279. While this is not a robust result in itself, Chandra data in combination with the UV data and the pressure equilibrium between two phases of the outflow, support the scenario of supersolar abundances. This is the first case in which supersolar abundances are reported in the nucleus of a normal Seyfert galaxy. The data suggest that the outflow originates from a compact region around the nuclear black hole and that it carries insignificant amounts of mass and energy. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Fields, DL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 174 W 18Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. OI Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 828 EP 834 DI 10.1086/520322 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700017 ER PT J AU Baldi, A Ettori, S Mazzotta, P Tozzi, P Borgani, S AF Baldi, A. Ettori, S. Mazzotta, P. Tozzi, P. Borgani, S. TI A Chandra archival study of the temperature and metal abundance profiles in hot galaxy clusters at 0.1 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 0.3 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATION; MASS PROFILES; EVOLUTION; SOLAR; IRON AB We present an analysis of the temperature and metallicity profiles of 12 galaxy clusters in the redshift range 0.1-0.3 selected from the Chandra archive with at least similar to 20,000 net ACIS counts and kT > 6 keV. We divide the sample between seven cooling-core ( CC) and five non-cooling-core (NCC) clusters according to their central cooling time. We find that single power laws can properly describe both the temperature and metallicity profiles at radii larger than 0.1r(180) in both CC and NCC systems, with NCC objects showing steeper profiles outward. A significant deviation is present only in the inner 0.1r(180). We perform a comparison of our sample with the De Grandi & Molendi BeppoSAX sample of local CC and NCC clusters, finding a complete agreement in the CC cluster profile and a marginally higher value (at similar to 1 sigma) in the inner regions of the NCC clusters. The slope of the power law describing kT(r) within 0.1r(180) correlates strongly with the ratio between the cooling time and the age of the universe at the cluster redshift, with a slope > 0 and T-c/T-age less than or similar to 0.6 in CC systems. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Astron, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. RP Baldi, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Ettori, Stefano/N-5004-2015; Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016 OI Ettori, Stefano/0000-0003-4117-8617; Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748 NR 31 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 835 EP 845 DI 10.1086/520505 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700018 ER PT J AU Keto, E AF Keto, Eric TI The formation of massive stars: Accretion, disks, and the development of hypercompact HII regions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; stars : early-type; stars : formation ID H-II REGIONS; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; IRAS 20126+4104; MOLECULAR GAS; ROTATING-DISK; MAIN-SEQUENCE; YOUNG STAR; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM AB The hypothesis that massive stars form by accretion can be investigated by simple analytical calculations that describe the effect that the formation of a massive star has on its own accretion flow. Within a simple accretion model that includes angular momentum, that of gas flow on ballistic trajectories around a star, the increasing ionization of a massive star growing by accretion produces a three-stage evolutionary sequence. The ionization first forms a small quasi-spherical H II region gravitationally trapped within the accretion flow. At this stage the flow of ionized gas is entirely inward. As the ionization increases, the H II region transitions to a bipolar morphology in which the inflow is replaced by outflow within a narrow range of angle aligned with the bipolar axis. At higher rates of ionization, the opening angle of the outflow region progressively increases. Eventually, in the third stage, the accretion is confined to a thin region about an equatorial disk. Throughout this early evolution, the H IIregion is of hypercompact to ultracompact size depending on the mass of the enclosed star or stars. These small H II regions whose dynamics are dominated by stellar gravitation and accretion are different than compact and larger H II regions whose dynamics are dominated by the thermal pressure of the ionized gas. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Keto, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 62 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 976 EP 981 DI 10.1086/520320 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700029 ER PT J AU Enoch, ML Glenn, J Neal, JI Sargent, AI Young, KE Huard, TL AF Enoch, Melissa L. Glenn, Jason Evans, Neal J., II Sargent, Anneila I. Young, Kaisa E. Huard, Tracy L. TI Comparing star formation on large scales in the c2d legacy clouds: Bolocam 1.1 mm dust continuum surveys of serpens, perseus, and ophiuchus SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (Serpens, Perseus, Ophiuchus); stars : formation; submillimeter ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; SUBMILLIMETER CONTINUUM; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; CLASS-0 PROTOSTARS; FORMING REGIONS; STELLAR; EMISSION; CORES; CLUSTER AB We have undertaken an unprecedentedly large 1.1 mm continuum survey of three nearby star-forming clouds using Bolocam at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. We mapped the largest areas in each cloud at millimeter or submillimeter wavelengths to date: 7.5 deg(2) in Perseus (Enoch and coworkers), 10.8 deg(2) in Ophiuchus (Young and coworkers), and 1.5 deg(2) in Serpens with a resolution of 3100, detecting 122, 44, and 35 cores, respectively. Here we report on results of the Serpens survey and compare the three clouds. Average measured angular core sizes and their dependence on resolution suggest that many of the observed sources are consistent with power-law density profiles. Tests of the effects of cloud distance reveal that linear resolution strongly affects measured source sizes and densities, but not the shape of the mass distribution. Core mass distribution slopes in Perseus and Ophiuchus ( alpha = 2.1 +/- 0.1 and 2.1 +/- 0.3) are consistent with recent measurements of the stellar IMF, whereas the Serpens distribution is flatter (alpha = 1.6 +/- 0.2). We also compare the relative mass distribution shapes to predictions from turbulent fragmentation simulations. Dense cores constitute less than 10% of the total cloud mass in all three clouds, consistent with other measurements of low star formation efficiencies. Furthermore, most cores are found at high column densities; more than 75% of 1.1 mm cores are associated with AV greater than or similar to 8 mag in Perseus, 15 mag in Serpens, and 20-23 mag in Ophiuchus. C1 CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Nicholls State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70301 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Enoch, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM menoch@astro.caltech.edu NR 46 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 982 EP 1001 DI 10.1086/520321 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700030 ER PT J AU Blondin, S Tonry, JL AF Blondin, Stephane Tonry, John L. TI Determining the type, redshift, and age of a supernova spectrum SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE methods : data analysis; methods : statistical; supernovae : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; OPTICAL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ATLAS; EXPANDING PHOTOSPHERE METHOD; BVRI LIGHT CURVES; IA SUPERNOVA; TIME DILATION; MASS-LOSS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; IC SUPERNOVAE; LEGACY SURVEY AB We present an algorithm to identify the type of an SN spectrum and to determine its redshift and age. This algorithm, based on the correlation techniques of Tonry & Davis, is implemented in the Supernova Identification (SNID) code. It is used by members of ongoing high-redshift SN searches to distinguish between Type Ia and Ib/c SNe and to identify "peculiar'' SNe Ia. We develop a diagnostic to quantify the quality of a correlation between the input and template spectra, which enables a formal evaluation of the associated redshift error. Furthermore, by comparing the correlation redshifts obtained using SNID with those determined from narrow lines in the SN host galaxy spectrum, we show that accurate redshifts (with a typical error sigma(z)less than or similar to 0.01) can be determined for SNe Ia without a spectrum of the host galaxy. Last, the age of an input spectrum is determined with a typical accuracy sigma(t)less than or similar to 3 days, shown here by using high-redshift SNe Ia with well-sampled light curves. The success of the correlation technique confirms the similarity of some SNe Ia at low and high redshifts. The SNID code, which will be made available to the community, can also be used for comparative studies of SN spectra, as well as comparisons between data and models. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Blondin, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sblondin@cfa.harvard.edu; jt@ifa.hawaii.edu NR 133 TC 159 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 1024 EP 1047 DI 10.1086/520494 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700033 ER PT J AU Rykoff, ES Miller, JM Steeghs, D Torres, MAP AF Rykoff, E. S. Miller, J. M. Steeghs, D. Torres, M. A. P. TI Swift observations of the cooling accretion disk of XTE J1817-330 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; stars : individual (XTE J1817 330); X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY BINARIES; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; XTE J1118+480; LOW/HARD STATE; GRO J1655-40; BLACK-HOLES; OUTBURST; ULTRAVIOLET; SPECTRA; XTE-J1118+480 AB The black hole candidate X-ray transient XTE J1817-330 was observed by the Swift satellite over 160 days of its 2006 outburst with the XRT and UVOT instruments. At the start of the observations, the XRT spectra show that the 0.6-10 keV emission is dominated by an optically thick, geometrically thin accretion disk with an inner disk temperature of similar to 0.8 keV, indicating that the source was in a high/soft state during the initial outburst phase. We tracked the source through its decline into the low/hard state with the accretion disk cooling to similar to 0.2 keV and the inner disk radius consistent with the innermost stable circular orbit at all times. Furthermore, the X-ray luminosity roughly follows L-X proportional to T-4 during the decline, consistent with a geometrically stable blackbody. These results are the strongest evidence yet obtained that accretion disks do not automatically recede after a state transition, down to accretion rates as low as 0: 001L(Edd). Meanwhile, the near-UV flux does not track the X-ray disk flux and is well in excess of what is predicted if the near-UVemission is from viscous dissipation in the outer disk. The strong correlation between the hard X-ray flux and the near-UV flux, which scale as L-X(0.5) , indicate that reprocessed emission is most likely the dominate contribution to the near-UV flux. We discuss our results in the context of accretion disks and the overall accretion flow geometry in accreting black holes. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rykoff, ES (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM erykoff@umich.edu RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 45 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 1129 EP 1139 DI 10.1086/520329 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700040 ER PT J AU Roelofs, GHA Groot, PJ Benedict, GF McArthur, BE Steeghs, D Morales-Rueda, L Marsh, TR Nelemans, G AF Roelofs, G. H. A. Groot, P. J. Benedict, G. F. McArthur, B. E. Steeghs, D. Morales-Rueda, L. Marsh, T. R. Nelemans, G. TI Hubble Space Telescope parallaxes of AM CVn stars and astrophysical consequences SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : distances; stars : individual (AM Canum Venaticorum, HP Librae, CR Bootis, V803 Centauri, GP Comae Berenices); techniques : interferometric ID CANUM-VENATICORUM BINARIES; ACCRETION DISC MODELS; DOUBLE WHITE-DWARFS; CATACLYSMIC BINARIES; TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES; MASS-RADIUS; GP COM; SUPERHUMPS; SYSTEMS; ASTROMETRY AB We present absolute parallaxes and relative proper motions for five AM CVn stars, which we obtained using the Fine Guidance Sensors on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Our parallax measurements translate into distances dAM CVn = 606(-93)(+135) pc, d(HP) Lib = 197(-12)(+14) pc, d(CR) Boo = 337(-35)(+44) pc, d(V803) Cen(-27)(+32) pc, and d(GP) Com = 75(-2)(+2) pc. From these distances we estimate the space density of AM CVn stars and suggest that previous estimates have been too high by about an order of magnitude. We also infer the mass accretion rates, which allows us to constrain the masses of the donor stars, and we show that relatively massive, semidegenerate donor stars are favored in all systems except GP Com. Finally, we give updated estimates for the systems' gravitational wave signals, based on their distances and the inferred masses of the binary components, which are relevant for future space missions such as the proposed Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We show that all systems but GP Com are excellent candidates for detection with LISA. C1 Radbound Univ, Dept Astrophys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Astrophys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Roelofs, GHA (reprint author), Radbound Univ, Dept Astrophys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RI Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X NR 60 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 1174 EP 1188 DI 10.1086/520491 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700044 ER PT J AU Blake, CH Charbonneau, D White, RJ Marley, MS Saumon, D AF Blake, Cullen H. Charbonneau, David White, Russel J. Marley, Mark S. Saumon, Didier TI Multiepoch radial velocity observations of L dwarfs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs; techniques : radial velocities ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; BROWN DWARFS; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; ROTATION; SEARCH; MASSES; MODEL; EMISSION; SPECTRA; OBJECTS AB We report on the development of a technique for precise radial velocity measurements of cool stars and brown dwarfs in the near infrared. Our technique is analogous to the iodine (I-2) absorption cell method that has proven so successful in the optical regime. We rely on telluric CH4 absorption features to serve as a wavelength reference, relative to which we measure Doppler shifts of the CO and H2O features in the spectra of our targets. We apply this technique to high-resolution (R approximate to 50; 000) spectra near 2.3 mu m of nine L dwarfs taken with the Phoenix instrument on Gemini South and demonstrate a typical precision of 300 m s(-1). We conduct simulations to estimate our expected precision and show that our performance is currently limited by the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of our data. We present estimates of the rotational velocities and systemic velocities of our targets. With our current data we are sensitive to companions with M sin i > 2 M-J in orbits with periods less than 3 days. We identify no companions in our current data set. Future observations with improved S/N should result in radial velocity precision of 100 m s(-1) for L dwarfs. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blake, CH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 51 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 1198 EP 1204 DI 10.1086/520124 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700046 ER PT J AU Currie, T Hansen, B AF Currie, Thayne Hansen, Brad TI The evolution of protoplanetary disks around millisecond pulsars: The PSR 1257+12 system SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems : formation; pulsars : general; pulsars : individual (PSR 1257+12) ID GIANT-PLANET FORMATION; ACCRETION DISKS; LAYERED ACCRETION; BINARY-SYSTEMS; PSR B1257+12; SUPERNOVA; INSTABILITY; OPACITIES; MODELS; PLANETESIMALS AB We model the evolution of protoplanetary disks surrounding millisecond pulsars, using PSR 1257+12 as a test case. Initial conditions were chosen to correspond to initial angular momenta expected for supernova fallback disks and disks formed from the tidal disruption of a companion star. Models were run under two models for the viscous evolution of disks: fully viscous and layered accretion disk models. Supernova fallback disks result in a distribution of solids confined to within 1-2 AU and produce the requisite material to form the three known planets surrounding PSR 1257+12. Tidal disruption disks tend to slightly underproduce solids interior to 1 AU, required for forming the pulsar planets, while overproducing the amount of solids where no body, lunar mass or greater, exists. Disks evolving under "layered" accretion spread somewhat less and deposit a higher column density of solids into the disk. In all cases, circumpulsar gas dissipates on less than or similar to 10(5) yr timescales, making formation of gas giant planets highly unlikely. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Currie, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP 1232 EP 1244 DI 10.1086/520327 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208FR UT WOS:000249305700050 ER PT J AU Chiar, JE Ennico, K Pendleton, YJ Boogert, ACA Greene, T Knez, C Lada, C Roellig, T Tielens, AGGM Werner, M Whittet, DCB AF Chiar, J. E. Ennico, K. Pendleton, Y. J. Boogert, A. C. A. Greene, T. Knez, C. Lada, C. Roellig, T. Tielens, A. G. G. M. Werner, M. Whittet, D. C. B. TI The relationship between the optical depth of the 9.7 mu m silicate absorption feature and infrared differential extinction in dense clouds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; infrared : ISM; ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules ID INTERSTELLAR DUST MODELS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DARK CLOUD; GRAINS; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; STARS AB We have examined the relationship between the optical depth of the 9.7 mm silicate absorption feature (tau(9.7)) and the near-infrared color excess E(J - K-s), in the Serpens, Taurus, IC 5146, Chameleon I, Barnard 59, and Barnard 68 dense clouds/cores. Our data set, based largely on Spitzer IRS spectra, spans E(J - K-s) p = 0.3-10 mag (corresponding to visual extinction between about 2 and 60 mag). All lines of sight show the 9.7 mu m silicate feature. Unlike in the diffuse ISM where a tight linear correlation between the 9.7 mu m silicate feature optical depth and the extinction (A(V)) is observed, we find that the silicate feature in dense clouds does not show a monotonic increase with extinction. Thus, in dense clouds, tau(9.7) is not a good measure of total dust column density. With few exceptions, the measured values fall well below the diffuse ISM correlation line for E(J - K-s) > 2 mag (AV > 12 mag). Grain growth via coagulation is a likely cause of this effect. C1 SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. CALTECH, NASA, Herschel Sci Ctr, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Chiar, JE (reprint author), SETI Inst, 515 N Whisman Rd, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RI Ennico, Kimberly/L-9606-2014 NR 23 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP L73 EP L76 DI 10.1086/521789 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208GD UT WOS:000249306900004 ER PT J AU Torres, G Bakos, GA Kovacs, G Latham, DW Fernandez, JM Noyes, RW Esquerdo, GA Sozzetti, A Fischer, DA Butler, RP Marcy, GW Stefanik, RP Sasselov, DD Lazar, J Papp, I Sari, P AF Torres, G. Bakos, G. A. Kovacs, G. Latham, D. W. Fernandez, J. M. Noyes, R. W. Esquerdo, G. A. Sozzetti, A. Fischer, D. A. Butler, R. P. Marcy, G. W. Stefanik, R. P. Sasselov, D. D. Lazar, J. Papp, I. Sari, P. TI Hat-P-3b: a heavy-element-rich planet transiting a K dwarf star SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; planetary systems; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (HAT-P-3); techniques : spectroscopic ID GIANT PLANETS; COOL STARS; SEARCH; TELESCOPE; PRECISION; ALGORITHM; KECK; TOOL AB We report the discovery of a Jupiter-size planet transiting a relatively bright (V = 11.56) and metal-rich early K dwarf star with a period of similar to 2.9 days. On the basis of follow-up photometry and spectroscopy we determine the mass and radius of the planet, HAT-P-3b, to be M and R. M-p 0.599 +/- 0.026 M-Jup and R-p 0.890 +/- 0.046 R-Jup. The relatively small size of the object for its mass implies the presence of about 75 M-circle plus worth of heavy elements (similar to 1/3 of the total mass) based on current theories of irradiated extrasolar giant planets, similar to the mass of the core inferred for the transiting planet HD 149026b. The bulk density of HAT-P-3b is found to be rho(p) p g cm, and the planet orbits the star at a distance of 0.03894 AU. Ephemerides for the transit centers are T-c 2,454,218.7594 +/- 0.0029 + N x (2.899703 +/- 0.000054) (HJD). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary. Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hungarian Astron Assoc, H-1461 Budapest, Hungary. RP Torres, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu RI Butler, Robert/B-1125-2009 NR 37 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 2 BP L121 EP L124 DI 10.1086/521792 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208GD UT WOS:000249306900016 ER PT J AU Dorta, E Diaz-Marrero, AR Brito, I Cueto, M D'Croz, L Darias, J AF Dorta, Enrique Diaz-Marrero, Ana R. Brito, Inmaculada Cueto, Mercedes D'Croz, Luis Darias, Jose TI The oxidation profile at C-18 of furanocembranolides may provide a taxonomical marker for several genera of octocorals SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-PRODUCTS; CEMBRANE; LOPHOTOXIN; CHEMISTRY; PSEUDOPTEROGORGIA; CONFIGURATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; DITERPENOIDS; METABOLITES; PUKALIDE AB The furanocembranolides 1-3 along with the known compounds pukalide, pukalidealdehyde, epoxypukalide, and leptolide were isolated from Leptogorgia spp. and their structures were determined by spectroscopic evidences. An NMR- based method using Pirkle's reagent at low temperature allowed us to determine the absolute configuration at C-10 of a g-butenolide unit embedded in a flexible furanocembranolide network. The C-18 of furanocembranolides undergoes an oxidation cascade leading from a methyl group to a carboxylic acid/ester that appears to be genus specific. We introduce the concept genus-specific oxidation, a feature that provides a chemotaxonomical marker for several genera of octocorals. This concept also allowed us to propose a biogenetic pathway for these compounds. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dorta, Enrique; Diaz-Marrero, Ana R.; Brito, Inmaculada; Cueto, Mercedes; Darias, Jose] CSIC, Inst Prod Nat & Agrobiol, Tenerife 38206, Spain. [D'Croz, Luis] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [D'Croz, Luis] Univ Panama, Dept Biol Marina & Limnologia, Panama City, Panama. RP Darias, J (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Prod Nat & Agrobiol, Avenida Astrofis F Sanchez 3, Tenerife 38206, Spain. EM jdarias@ipna.csic.es RI Diaz-Marrero, Ana/L-2899-2014; Cueto, MERCEDES/L-3185-2014 OI Diaz-Marrero, Ana/0000-0002-8886-7519; Cueto, MERCEDES/0000-0002-9112-6877 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 63 IS 37 BP 9057 EP 9062 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.080 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 247PM UT WOS:000252091800003 ER PT J AU Ashenberg, J Lorenzini, EC AF Ashenberg, Joshua Lorenzini, Enrico C. TI Gravitational torque frequency analysis for the Einstein elevator experiment SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article ID STEP EXPERIMENT; RELEVANCE AB Testing the principle of equivalence with a differential acceleration detector that spins while free falling requires a reliable extraction of a very small violation signal from the noise in the output signal frequency spectrum. The experiment is designed such that the violation signal is modulated by the spin of the test bodies. The possible violation signal is mixed with the intrinsic white noise of the detector and the colored noise associated with the modulation of gravitational perturbations, through the spin, and inertial-motion-related noise. In order to avoid false alarms the frequencies of the gravitational disturbances and the violation signal must be separate. This paper presents a model for the perturbative gravitational torque that affects the measurement. The torque is expanded in an asymptotic series to the fourth order and then expressed as a frequency spectrum. A spectral analysis shows the design conditions for frequency separation between the perturbing torque and the violation signal. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. RP Ashenberg, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD SEP 7 PY 2007 VL 24 IS 17 BP 4251 EP 4268 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/24/17/001 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 202NJ UT WOS:000248909000002 ER PT J AU Eberhard, WG AF Eberhard, William G. TI Miniaturized orb-weaving spiders: behavioural precision is not limited by small size SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE behavioural imprecision; miniaturization; orb-weaving spiders; Araneae ID MUSHROOM BODIES; BRAIN SIZE; ARANEAE; PATCH; CONSEQUENCES; CONSTRUCTION; RESOLUTION; ALLOMETRY; PATTERNS; VOLUME AB The special problems confronted by very small animals in nervous system design that may impose limitations on their behaviour and evolution are reviewed. Previous attempts to test for such behavioural limitations have suffered from lack of detail in behavioural observations of tiny species and unsatisfactory measurements of their behavioural capacities. This study presents partial solutions to both problems. The orb-web construction behaviour of spiders provided data on the comparative behavioural capabilities of tiny animals in heretofore unparalleled detail; species ranged about five orders of magnitude in weight, from approximately 50-100 mg down to some of the smallest spiders known (less than 0.005 mg), whose small size is a derived trait. Previous attempts to quantify the 'complexity' of behaviour were abandoned in favour of using comparisons of behavioural imprecision in performing the same task. The prediction of the size limitation hypothesis that very small spiders would have a reduced ability to repeat one particular behaviour pattern precisely was not confirmed. The anatomical and physiological mechanisms by which these tiny animals achieve this precision and the possibility that they are more limited in the performance of higher-order behaviour patterns await further investigation. C1 Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Eberhard, WG (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ciudad Univ, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM william.eberhard@gmail.com NR 53 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 7 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1622 BP 2203 EP 2209 DI 10.1098/rspb.2007.0675 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 201CR UT WOS:000248809600018 PM 17609181 ER PT J AU Anker, A Hurt, C Knowlton, N AF Anker, Arthur Hurt, Carla Knowlton, Nancy TI Revision of the Alpheus nuttingi (Schmitt) species complex (Crustacea : Decapoda : Alpheidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE alpheus; snapping shrimp; species complex; transisthmian taxa; color pattern; eastern Pacific; western Atlantic; sibling species; COI; barcode ID SHRIMP GENUS ALPHEUS; SNAPPING SHRIMP; CARIDEA; DIVERGENCE; ISTHMUS; PANAMA; DNA AB The Alpheus nuttingi (Schmitt, 1924) species complex consists of three species. The only western Atlantic species, A. nuttingi, occurs from the southeastern United States to Brazil. The two eastern Pacific species are A. galapagensis Sivertsen, 1933 ( synonyms: A. canalis Kim & Abele, 1988; A. cryptodentatus Christoffersen & Ramos, 1988), which occurs from the Gulf of California to Colombia and Galapagos, and A. millsae, n. sp., presently known only from a few localities in Panama. The three species differ morphologically, genetically, and in color pattern. The two eastern Pacific species both can be found in the intertidal, but A. millsae, n. sp. occurs slightly deeper, suggesting the possibility of ecological speciation. All evidence shows that A. nuttingi and A. millsae, n. sp. are transisthmian sister species, with A. galapagensis forming their sister clade. Genetic differentiation between the transisthmian sister species suggests a divergence time of approximately 6 mya, well before the final closure of the Isthmus of Panama. C1 Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat 0202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM ankera@si.edu RI Hurt, Carla/A-3284-2011 NR 54 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD SEP 7 PY 2007 IS 1577 BP 41 EP 60 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 207UD UT WOS:000249275700005 ER PT J AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. TI Making sense of sputnik SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 9 BP B7 EP B7 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 208CF UT WOS:000249296700012 ER PT J AU Kreamer, CM Roberts, MN Harney, E Purpura, A AF Mullen Kreamer, Christine Nooter Roberts, Mary Harney, Elizabeth Purpura, Allyson TI 'Inscribing meaning': Writing and graphic systems in African art SO AFRICAN ARTS LA English DT Art Exhibit Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum African Art, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fowler Museum, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Kreamer, CM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum African Art, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM kreamerc@si.edu; proberts@arts.ucla.edu; e.harney@utoronto.ca; apurpura@verizon.net NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA SN 0001-9933 J9 AFR ARTS JI Afr. Arts PD FAL PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 78 EP 91 DI 10.1162/afar.2007.40.3.78 PG 14 WC Art SC Art GA 197IG UT WOS:000248547400010 ER PT J AU van Vliet, N Nasi, R Emmons, L Feer, F Mbazza, P Bourgarel, M AF van Vliet, Nathalie Nasi, Robert Emmons, Louise Feer, Francois Mbazza, Prosper Bourgarel, Mathieu TI Evidence for the local depletion of bay duiker Cephalophus dorsalis, within the Ipassa Man and Biosphere Reserve, north-east Gabon SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cephalophus dorsalis; duiker; local depletion; hunting; north-east Gabon ID FOREST AB In spite of its protected status, the Ipassa Reserve (North-East Gabon) has been subject to intense hunting activities. Recent mammal surveys showed that the Reserve still shelters high mammal diversity, but also that densities have dramatically declined in the last two decades. We assessed the changes in diversity of duiker species within the Reserve by comparing data gathered two decades ago to data collected in 2005-2006 in the same area. The only two species currently present in the area are the blue duiker and Peter's duiker. Bay duiker was present at a density of 7.1 individuals per km(2) in the 80's but seems now locally absent. As hunting for food is the only human activity carried out in the reserve during the last twenty years and Bay duiker is a favourite game species in the region, it is very likely that over hunting is the reason for this local depletion. C1 Ctr Int Rech Agron Dev CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. Ctr Int Rech Agron Dev CIRAD, Ctr Int Forestry Res CIFOR, F-34398 Montpellier, France. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-91800 Brunoy, France. Inst Rech Ecol Tropicale, Makokou, Gabon. Ctr Int Rech Med Franceville, Franceville, Gabon. RP van Vliet, N (reprint author), Ctr Int Rech Agron Dev CIRAD, Campus Int Baillarguet, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. EM vanvlietnathalie@yahoo.com RI Nasi, Robert/A-3549-2015; Bourgarel, Mathieu/F-1750-2017 OI Nasi, Robert/0000-0001-9739-3135; Bourgarel, Mathieu/0000-0001-9774-7669 NR 9 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-6707 J9 AFR J ECOL JI Afr. J. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 440 EP 443 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00783.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 201XY UT WOS:000248867100029 ER PT J AU Scherer, JC AF Scherer, Joanna Cohan TI "Pictures bring us messages" sinaakssiiksi aohtsimaah-pihkookiyaawa: Photographs and histories from the Kainai nation SO AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Scherer, JC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 2200 WILSON BLVD, STE 600, ARLINGTON, VA 22201 USA SN 0002-7294 J9 AM ANTHROPOL JI Am. Anthropol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 541 EP 542 DI 10.1525/aa.2007.109.3.541 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 210JJ UT WOS:000249452200012 ER PT J AU Dupras, TL Tocheri, MW AF Dupras, Tosha L. Tocheri, Matthew W. TI Reconstructing infant weaning histories at Roman period Kellis, Egypt using stable isotope analysis of dentition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stable nitrogen; oxygen and carbon isotopes; teeth; enamel; dentin; dentition; juvenile ID HUMAN TOOTH ENAMEL; NITROGEN-ISOTOPES; PAST POPULATIONS; DECIDUOUS TEETH; DAKHLEH OASIS; WHARRAM-PERCY; ISOLA-SACRA; CARBON; OXYGEN; AGE AB Studies of infant feeding and weaning patterns in past populations that rely on a cross-sectional approach must make the assumption that no infant mortality bias exists. Previous investigations of infant weaning patterns at the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt, relied on cross-sectional isotope data. In this study, we re-examine this weaning pattern, using a simulated longitudinal approach, which does not require any assumptions regarding potential infant mortality biases. This involves examining the dental isotopic signatures of individuals who survived the weaning process. Stable isotope signatures from juveniles and adults (102 individuals, 297 teeth) were examined to reconstruct the weaning history of those that survived the weaning process. Both deciduous and permanent teeth were sampled. Homogenized enamel and dentin samples were isolated from each tooth and analyzed for delta C-13(ap) and delta O-18(ap) from the enamel and delta N-15(coll) and delta C-13(coll) from dentin collagen. We investigate differences between in utero versus postbirth, preweaning versus postweaning, and juvenile versus adult stable isotope values as reflected in the dentition. A random permutation procedure was used to test for statistically significant differences in stable isotope values between tooth types. Statistically significant differences were observed in all stable isotopes between permanent and deciduous teeth, and between early and later forming permanent teeth in delta C-13(ap) and delta N-15(coll) isotopes. These results indicate dietary change between in utero and postbirth, and changes occurring during the weaning period. These results provide a more comprehensive picture of infant weaning practices at Kellis and provide further support that complete weaning occurred by 3 years of age. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Anthropol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Dupras, TL (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Anthropol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM tdupras@mail.ucf.edu OI Tocheri, Matthew/0000-0001-7600-8998 NR 78 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 134 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1002/ajpa.20639 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 200CV UT WOS:000248742400006 PM 17568441 ER PT J AU Ivezic, Z Smith, JA Miknaitis, G Lin, H Tucker, D Lupton, RH Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Sesar, B Doi, M Tanaka, M Fukugita, M Holtzman, J Kent, S Yanny, B Schlegel, D Finkbeiner, D Padmanabhan, N Rockosi, CM Mario, J Bond, N Lee, B Stoughton, C Jester, S Harris, H Harding, P Morrison, H Brinkmann, J Schneider, DP York, D AF Ivezic, Zeljko Smith, J. Allyn Miknaitis, Gajus Lin, Huan Tucker, Douglas Lupton, Robert H. Gunn, James E. Knapp, Gillian R. Strauss, Michael A. Sesar, Branimir Doi, Mamoru Tanaka, Masayuki Fukugita, Masataka Holtzman, Jon Kent, Steve Yanny, Brian Schlegel, David Finkbeiner, Douglas Padmanabhan, Nikhil Rockosi, Constance M. Mario, Juric Bond, Nicholas Lee, Brian Stoughton, Chris Jester, Sebastian Harris, Hugh Harding, Paul Morrison, Heather Brinkmann, Jon Schneider, Donald P. York, Donald TI Sloan digital sky survey standard star catalog for stripe 82: The dawn of industrial 1% optical photometry SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; instrumentation : photometers; methods : data analysis; standards; surveys; techniques : photometric ID SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; WHITE-DWARFS; DATA RELEASE; HOMOGENEOUS PHOTOMETRY; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; CELESTIAL EQUATOR; SELECTION; SYSTEM; CALIBRATION; GALAXIES AB We describe a standard star catalog constructed using multiple SDSS photometric observations ( at least four per band, with a median of 10) in the ugriz system. The catalog includes 1.01 million nonvariable unresolved objects from the equatorial stripe 82 (vertical bar delta(J2000.0)vertical bar < 1.266 degrees) in the right ascension range 20(h)34(m)-4(h)00(m) and with the corresponding r-band ( approximately Johnson V-band) magnitudes in the range 14-22. The distributions of measurements for individual sources demonstrate that the photometric pipeline correctly estimates random photometric errors, which are below 0.01 mag for stars brighter than 19.5, 20.5, 20.5, 20, and 18.5 in ugriz, respectively ( about twice as good as for individual SDSS runs). Several independent tests of the internal consistency suggest that the spatial variation of photometric zero points is not larger than similar to 0.01 mag (rms). In addition to being the largest available data set with optical photometry internally consistent at the similar to 1% level, this catalog provides a practical definition of the SDSS photometric system. Using this catalog, we show that photometric zero points for SDSS observing runs can be calibrated within a nominal uncertainty of 2% even for data obtained through 1 mag thick clouds, and we demonstrate the existence of He and H white dwarf sequences using photometric data alone. Based on the properties of this catalog, we conclude that upcoming large-scale optical surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will be capable of delivering robust 1% photometry for billions of sources. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. US Naval Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ivezic, Z (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 53 TC 188 Z9 188 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 134 IS 3 BP 973 EP 998 DI 10.1086/519976 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 204QD UT WOS:000249058200007 ER PT J AU Dahm, SE Simon, T Proszkow, EM Patten, BM AF Dahm, S. E. Simon, Theodore Proszkow, Eva M. Patten, B. M. TI X-ray observations of the young cluster NGC 2264 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual ( NGC 2264); stars : chromospheres; stars : coronae; stars : pre-main-sequence; stars : rotation; X-rays : stars ID STAR-FORMING REGION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; ORION NEBULA CLUSTER; T-TAURI STARS; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; RADIAL-VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS; OB1 MOLECULAR CLOUD; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; NGC 2264 AB We present results from an X-ray imaging survey of the young cluster NGC 2264, carried out with the European Photon Imaging Cameras (EPIC) on board the XMM-Newton spacecraft. The X-ray data are merged with extant optical and near-infrared photometry, spectral classifications, H alpha emission strengths, and rotation periods to examine the interrelationships between coronal and chromospheric activity, rotation, stellar mass, and internal structure for a statistically significant sample of pre-main-sequence stars. A total of 300 distinct X-ray sources can be identified with optical or near-infrared counterparts. The sources are concentrated within three regions of the cluster: in the vicinity of S Mon, within the large emission/reflection nebulosity southwest of S Mon, and along the broad ridge of molecular gas that extends from the Cone Nebula to the NGC 2264 IRS 2 field. From the extinction-corrected color-magnitude diagram of the cluster, ages and masses for the optically identified X-ray sources are derived. A median age of similar to 2.5 Myr and an apparent age dispersion of similar to 5 Myr are suggested by pre-main-sequence evolutionary models. The X-ray luminosity of the detected sources appears well correlated with bolometric luminosity, although there is considerable scatter in the relationship. Stellar mass contributes significantly to this dispersion, while isochronal age and rotation do not. X-ray luminosity and mass are well correlated such that L-X proportional to (M/M-circle dot)(1.5), similar to the relationship found within the younger Orion Nebula Cluster. No strong evidence is found for a correlation between EH-K, the near-infrared color excess, and the fractional X-ray luminosity, which suggests that optically thick dust disks have little direct influence on the observed X-ray activity levels. Among the X-ray-detected weak-line T Tauri stars, the fractional X-ray luminosity, L-X/L-bol, is moderately well correlated with the fractional H alpha luminosity, L-H alpha/L-bol, but only at the 2 sigma level of significance. The cumulative distribution functions for the X-ray luminosities of the X-ray-detected classical and weak-line T Tauri stars within the cluster are comparable, assuming the demarcation between the two classes is at an alpha equivalent width of 10 angstrom. However, if the nondetections in X-rays for the entire sample of H alpha emitters known within the cluster are taken into account, then the cumulative distribution functions of these two groups are clearly different, such that classical T Tauri stars are underdetected by at least a factor of 2 relative to the weak-line T Tauri stars. Examining a small subsample of X-ray-detected stars that are probable accretors based on the presence of strong H alpha emission and near-infrared excess, we conclude that definitive nonaccretors are similar to 1.6 times more X- ray luminous than their accreting counterparts. In agreement with earlier published findings for the Orion Nebula Cluster, we find a slight positive correlation (valid at the 2 sigma confidence level) between L-X/L-bol and rotation period in NGC 2264. The lack of a strong anticorrelation between X- ray activity and rotation period in the stellar population of NGC 2264 suggests that either the deeply convective T Tauri stars are rotationally saturated or the physical mechanism responsible for generating magnetic fields in pre-main-sequence stars is distinct from the one that operates in evolved main-sequence stars. C1 CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dahm, SE (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Astron, MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 84 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 134 IS 3 BP 999 EP 1018 DI 10.1086/519954 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 204QD UT WOS:000249058200008 ER PT J AU Kaminski, KZ Rucinski, SM Matthews, JM Kuschnig, R Rowe, JF Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Sasselov, D Walker, GAH Weiss, WW AF Kaminski, Krzysztof Z. Rucinski, Slavek M. Matthews, Jaymie M. Kuschnig, Rainer Rowe, Jason F. Guenther, David B. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Sasselov, Dimitar Walker, Gordon A. H. Weiss, Werner W. TI Most photometry and DDO spectroscopy of the eclipsing (white dwarf plus red dwarf) binary V471 TAU SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; binaries : eclipsing; stars : variables : other; techniques : photometric ID TAURI; EMISSION; ROTATION; HYADES; SPACE; STARS; MASS AB The Hyades K2 V + WD system 471 Tau is a prototype post-common envelope system and a likely cataclysmic binary progenitor. We present 10 days of nearly continuous optical photometry by the MOST (Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars) satellite and partly simultaneous optical spectroscopy from DDO (David Dunlap Observatory) of the binary. The photometric data indicate that the spot coverage of the K dwarf component was less than observed in the past, suggesting that we monitored the star close to a minimum in its activity cycle. Despite the low spot activity, we still detected seven flarelike events whose estimated energies are among the highest ever observed in V471 Tau and whose times of occurrence do not correlate with the binary orbital phase. A detailed O - C analysis of the times of eclipse over the last similar to 35 years reveals timing variations which could be explained in several ways, including perturbations by an as-yet-undetected third body in the system or by a small orbital eccentricity inducing slow apsidal motion. The DDO spectra result in improved determinations of the K dwarf projected rotation velocity, V-K sin i = 92 km s(-1), and the orbital amplitude, K-K = 150.5 km s(-1). The spectra also allow us to measure changes in H alpha emission strength and radial velocity variations. We measure a larger H alpha velocity amplitude than found previously, suggesting that the source of the emission in V471 Tau was less concentrated around the sub-white dwarf point on the K star than had been observed in previous studies. C1 Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Astron Observ, PL-60286 Poznan, Poland. Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. St Marys Univ, Inst Computat Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kaminski, KZ (reprint author), Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Astron Observ, Ulica Sloneczna 36, PL-60286 Poznan, Poland. EM chrisk@amu.edu.pl; rucinski@astro.utoronto.ca; matthews@astro.ubc.ca; kuschnig@astro.ubc.ca; rowe@astro.ubc.ca; guenther@crux.stmarys.ca; moffat@astro.umontreal.ca; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; gordonwa@uvic.ca; weiss@astro.univie.ac.at NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 134 IS 3 BP 1206 EP 1215 DI 10.1086/520923 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 204QD UT WOS:000249058200024 ER PT J AU Jethava, N Henkel, C Menten, KM Carilli, CL Reid, MJ AF Jethava, N. Henkel, C. Menten, K. M. Carilli, C. L. Reid, M. J. TI Redshifted formaldehyde from the gravitational lens B0218+357 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxy : abundances; ISM : abundances; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : individual : PKSB0218+357 radio lines : galaxies; gravitational lensing ID EINSTEIN RING B0218+357; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; JVAS B0218+357; SYSTEM B0218+357; RADIO-SOURCES; ABSORPTION; ABUNDANCE; AMMONIA; Z=0.685; PROBE AB Context. Little is known about individual molecular clouds at high redshifts. The gravitational lens toward B0218+ 357 offers the unique possibility to study cool moderately dense gas with high sensitivity and angular resolution in a cloud that existed half a Hubble time ago. Aims. This non-CO molecular multi-level study of a significantly redshifted cloud aims at a better definition of the physical properties of molecular gas in a kind of interstellar environment that is rarely studied in the Galaxy or in the nearby extragalactic space. Methods. Observations of the radio continuum and six formaldehyde (H2CO) lines were carried out with the VLA, the Plateau de Bure interferometer and the Effelsberg 100-m telescope. Results. Three radio continuum maps indicate a flux density ratio between the two main images, A and B, of similar to 3.4 +/-0.2. Within the errors the ratio is the same at 8.6, 14.1, and 43 GHz. The 1(01)-0(00) line of para-H2CO is shown to absorb the continuum of image A. Large Velocity Gradient radiative transfer calculations are performed to reproduce the optical depths of the observed two cm-wave ''K-doublet" and four mm-wave rotational lines. These calculations also account for a likely frequency-dependent continuum cloud coverage. Confirming the diffuse nature of the cloud, an n(H-2) density of < 1000 cm(-3) is derived, with the best fit suggesting n(H-2) similar to 200 cm(-3). The H2CO column density of the main velocity component is similar to 5 x 10(13) cm(-2), to which about 7.5 x 10(12) cm(-2) has to be added to also account for a weaker feature on the blue side, 13 kms(-1) apart. N(H2CO)/N(NH3) similar to 0.6, which is four times less than the average ratio obtained from a small number of local diffuse (galactic) clouds seen in absorption. The ortho-to-para H2CO abundance ratio is 2.0 -3.0, which is consistent with the kinetic temperature of the molecular gas associated with the lens of B0218+ 357. With the gas kinetic temperature and density known, it is found that optically thin transitions of CS, HCN, HNC, HCO+, and N2H+ (but not CO) will provide excellent probes of the cosmic microwave background at redshift z = 0.68. C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jethava, N (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM njethava@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 472 IS 2 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077353 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 214SN UT WOS:000249758500015 ER PT J AU Moscadelli, L Goddi, C Cesaroni, R Beltran, MT Furuya, RS AF Moscadelli, L. Goddi, C. Cesaroni, R. Beltran, M. T. Furuya, R. S. TI Massive star-formation in G24.78+0.08 explored through VLBI maser observations SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE masers; stars : formation; ISM : kinematics and dynamics ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; H2O MASERS; METHANOL MASERS; FORMING REGIONS; OUTFLOW; EVOLUTION; RESOLUTION; CONTINUUM; CLUSTER; INFALL AB Context. Previous interferometric observations have demonstrated that, across a distance of a few 0.1 pc, the high-mass star forming region (SFR) G24.78 + 0.08 contains at least four distinct centers of massive star formation, possibly in different evolutionary stages. Aims. This study aims to provide a detailed picture of the physical environment and the gas kinematics in a cluster of high-mass YSOs. Methods. Using EVN ( single epoch) and VLBA ( four epochs) phase-referenced observations, we have derived the absolute positions and velocities for 6.7 GHz methanol and 22.2 GHz water masers, respectively. Using the BIMA and VLA interferometers, positions and line of sight velocities of 95 GHz and 44 GHz methanol masers, are also obtained. The derived interferometric and VLBI maser maps are compared with previous sub-arcsecond maps of the G24.78 + 0.08 region, observed in thermal continuum and molecular line tracers. Results. In the hot molecular cores G24 A1 and G24 A2, 6.7 GHz methanol and 22.2 GHz water masers are emerging at similar positions and line of sight velocities, which suggests that in both cores a same YSO is responsible for the excitation of the two types of maser emission. At the center of the G24 A1 core, water masers distribute along an arc at the border of a hyper-compact HII region ( of size approximate to 1000 AU) and expand away from the center of the HII region with high velocities (approximate to 40 km s(-1)). We think that such a fast expansion is driven by a strong stellar wind emitted by the star exciting the hyper-compact HII region. This outflowing motion might dominate the gas kinematics of G24 A1 also at larger (approximate to 0.1 pc) scale, where a well defined velocity gradient in the CH3CN line and 6.7 GHz masers is observed. Alternatively, water masers might mark the border of the dynamical interaction between the evolving star and harboring core, and the gas surrounding the hyper-compact HII region, not yet affected by the expansion of the ionized gas, might be still rotating and, perhaps, slightly contracting. In the G24 C core, water maser spots show very fast (100-200 km s(-1)) and nearly parallel proper motions, which might indicate that the water maser emission is tracing a collimated jet. C1 INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Met, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Moscadelli, L (reprint author), INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM mosca@arcetri.astro.it OI Moscadelli, Luca/0000-0002-8517-8881; Beltran Sorolla, Maria Teresa/0000-0003-3315-5626; Cesaroni, Riccardo/0000-0002-2430-5103 NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 472 IS 3 BP 867 EP U36 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077823 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 214SO UT WOS:000249758600020 ER PT J AU Maiolino, R Neri, R Beelen, A Bertoldi, F Carilli, CL Caselli, P Cox, P Menten, KM Nagao, T Omont, A Walmsley, CM Walter, F Weiss, A AF Maiolino, R. Neri, R. Beelen, A. Bertoldi, F. Carilli, C. L. Caselli, P. Cox, P. Menten, K. M. Nagao, T. Omont, A. Walmsley, C. M. Walter, F. Weiss, A. TI Molecular gas in QSO host galaxies at z > 5 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : quasars : general; infrared : galaxies; submillimeter ID LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION; BLACK-HOLE; Z-GREATER-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-4.0 QUASARS; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; GRAVITATIONAL LENSES; SNAPSHOT SURVEY; 250 GHZ AB We present observations with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer of three QSOs at z > 5 aimed at detecting molecular gas in their host galaxies as traced by CO transitions. CO (5-4) is detected in SDSS J033829.31+ 002156.3 at z = 5.0267, placing it amongst the most distant sources detected in CO. The CO emission is unresolved with a beam size of similar to 1 '', implying that the molecular gas is contained within a compact region, less than similar to 3 kpc in radius. We infer an upper limit on the dynamical mass of the CO emitting region of similar to 3 x 10(10) M-circle dot/sin(i)(2). The comparison with the Black Hole mass inferred from near-IR data suggests that the BH-to-bulge mass ratio in this galaxy is significantly higher than in local galaxies. From the CO luminosity we infer a mass reservoir of molecular gas as high as M(H-2) = 2.2 x 10(10) M-circle dot, implying that the molecular gas accounts for a significant fraction of the dynamical mass. When compared to the star formation rate derived from the far-IR luminosity, we infer a very short gas exhaustion timescale (similar to 10(7) years), comparable to the dynamical timescale. CO is not detected in the other two QSOs (SDSS J083643.85+ 005453.3 and SDSS J163033.90+ 401209.6) and upper limits are given for their molecular gas content. When combined with CO observations of other type 1 AGNs, spanning a wide redshift range (0 < z < 6.4), we find that the host galaxy CO luminosity (hence molecular gas content) and the AGN optical luminosity (hence BH accretion rate) are correlated, but the relation is not linear: L-CO' proportional to [lambda L-lambda (4400 angstrom)](0.72). Moreover, at high redshifts (and especially at z > 5) the CO luminosity appears to saturate. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of black hole-galaxy co-evolution. C1 Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Maiolino, R (reprint author), Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. EM maiolino@oa-roma.inaf.it NR 43 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 472 IS 2 BP L33 EP L37 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078136 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 214SN UT WOS:000249758500006 ER PT J AU de Val-Borro, M Artymowicz, P D'Angelo, G Peplinski, A AF de Val-Borro, M. Artymowicz, P. D'Angelo, G. Peplinski, A. TI Vortex generation in protoplanetary disks with an embedded giant planet SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE planet and satellites : general; accretion, accretion disks; hydrodynamics; instabilities; methods : numerical ID ROSSBY-WAVE INSTABILITY; DIFFERENTIALLY ROTATING-DISKS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; THIN ACCRETION DISKS; VORTICITY GENERATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; NONLINEAR STABILITY; DYNAMICAL STABILITY; HYDRODYNAMIC CODE; SHEAR INSTABILITY AB Context. Vortices in protoplanetary disks can capture solid particles and form planetary cores within shorter timescales than those involved in the standard core-accretion model. Aims. We investigate vortex generation in thin unmagnetized protoplanetary disks with an embedded giant planet with planet to star mass ratio 10(-4) and 10(-3). Methods. Two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of a protoplanetary disk with a planet are performed using two different numerical methods. The results of the non-linear simulations are compared with a time-resolved modal analysis of the azimuthally averaged surface density profiles using linear perturbation theory. Results. Finite-difference methods implemented in polar coordinates generate vortices moving along the gap created by Neptunemass to Jupiter-mass planets. The modal analysis shows that unstable modes are generated with growth rate of order 0.3 ohm(K) for azimuthal numbers m = 4; 5; 6, where ohm(K) is the local Keplerian frequency. Shock-capturing Cartesian-grid codes do not generate very much vorticity around a giant planet in a standard protoplanetary disk. Modal calculations confirm that the obtained radial profiles of density are less susceptible to the growth of linear modes on timescales of several hundreds of orbital periods. Navier-Stokes viscosity of the order nu = 10(-5) ( in units of a(2) ohm(p)) is found to have a stabilizing effect and prevents the formation of vortices. This result holds at high resolution runs and using different types of boundary conditions. Conclusions. Giant protoplanets of Neptune-mass to Jupiter-mass can excite the Rossby wave instability and generate vortices in thin disks. The presence of vortices in protoplanetary disks has implications for planet formation, orbital migration, and angular momentum transport in disks. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP de Val-Borro, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mdeval@cfa.harvard.edu RI de Val-Borro, Miguel/H-1319-2013; D'Angelo, Gennaro/L-7676-2014; OI de Val-Borro, Miguel/0000-0002-0455-9384; D'Angelo, Gennaro/0000-0002-2064-0801; Peplinski, Adam/0000-0002-7448-3290 NR 57 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 471 IS 3 BP 1043 EP 1055 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077169 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199FY UT WOS:000248682800037 ER PT J AU Zapata, LA Ho, PTP Rodriguez, LF Schilke, P Kurtz, S AF Zapata, L. A. Ho, P. T. P. Rodriguez, L. F. Schilke, P. Kurtz, S. TI Circumbinary molecular rings around young stars in Orion SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : HII regions; ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : molecules; stars : formation; instrumentation : high angular resolution ID MASSIVE STARS; DISKS; OUTFLOWS; TOROIDS; BINARY; CLOUDS; SYSTEM; OMC-1 AB We present high angular resolution 1.3 mm continuum, methyl cyanide molecular line, and 7 mm continuum observations made with the Submillimeter Array and the Very Large Array, toward the most highly obscured and southern part of the massive star forming region OMC1S located behind the Orion Nebula. We find two flattened and rotating molecular structures with sizes of a few hundred astronomical units suggestive of circumbinary molecular rings produced by the presence of two stars with very compact circumstellar disks with sizes and separations of about 50 AU, associated with the young stellar objects 139-409 and 134-411. Furthermore, these two circumbinary rotating rings are related to two compact and bright hot molecular cores. The dynamic mass of the binary systems obtained from our data are >= 4 M-circle dot for 139-409 and >= 0.5 M-circle dot for 134-411. This result supports the idea that intermediate-mass stars will form through circumstellar disks and jets/outflows, as the low mass stars do. Furthermore, when intermediate-mass stars are in multiple systems they seem to form a circumbinary ring similar to those seen in young, multiple low-mass systems (e. g., GG Tau and UY Aur). C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CRyA, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Zapata, LA (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Auf dem Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM lzapata@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 471 IS 3 BP L59 EP L62 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077782 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199FY UT WOS:000248682800003 ER PT J AU Brown, WR Geller, MJ Kenyon, SJ Kurtz, MJ AF Brown, Warren R. Geller, Margaret J. Kenyon, Scott J. Kurtz, Michael J. TI Stellar velocity dispersion of the leo a dwarf galaxy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual ( Leo A) ID SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; LOCAL GROUP; INTERNAL KINEMATICS; BRIGHTEST STARS; DARK-MATTER; URSA-MAJOR; MASS; METALLICITY; STARBURST99; EVOLUTION AB We measure the first stellar velocity dispersion of the Leo A dwarf galaxy, sigma = 9.3 +/- 1.3 km s(-1). We derive the velocity dispersion from the radial velocities of 10 young B supergiants and two H II regions in the central region of Leo A. We estimate a projected mass of (8 +/- 2.7) x 10(7) M-circle dot within a radius of 2' and a mass-to-light ratio of at least 20 +/- 6 M-circle dot/L-circle dot. These results imply Leo A is at least similar to 80% dark matter by mass. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brown, WR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wbrown@cfa.harvard.edu; mgeller@cfa.harvard.edu; skenyon@cfa.harvard.edu; mkurtz@cfa.harvard.edu RI KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X; Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 1 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1086/519547 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 204QH UT WOS:000249058600022 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Li, A Bohac, C Kim, KH Watson, DM van Cleve, J Houck, J Stapelfeldt, K Werner, MW Rieke, G Su, K Marengo, M Backman, D Beichman, C Fazio, G AF Chen, C. H. Li, A. Bohac, C. Kim, K. H. Watson, D. M. van Cleve, J. Houck, J. Stapelfeldt, K. Werner, M. W. Rieke, G. Su, K. Marengo, M. Backman, D. Beichman, C. Fazio, G. TI The dust and gas around beta Pictoris SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems : formation; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : individual (beta Pictoris) ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INTERSTELLAR SILICATE MINERALOGY; PHOTON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; PLANETARY-SYSTEMS; ATOMIC DATA; CORONAGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH; IMAGING POLARIMETRY AB We have obtained Spitzer IRS 5.5-35 mu m spectroscopy of the debris disk around beta Pictoris. In addition to the 10 mu m silicate emission feature originally observed from the ground, we also detect the crystalline silicate emission bands at 28 and 33.5 mu m. This is the first time that the silicate bands at wavelengths longer than 10 mu m have ever been seen in the beta Pictoris disk. The observed dust emission is well reproduced by a dust model consisting of fluffy cometary and crystalline olivine aggregates. We searched for line emission from molecular hydrogen and atomic [S I], Fe II, and Si II gas but detected none. We place a 3 sigma upper limit of < 17M(circle plus) on the H-2 S(1) gas mass, assuming an excitation temperature of T-ex 100 K. This suggests that there is less gas in this system than is required to form the envelope of Jupiter. We hypothesize that some of the atomic Na I gas observed in Keplerian rotation around beta Pictoris may be produced by photon-stimulated desorption from circumstellar dust grains. C1 Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. EM cchen@noao.edu; lia@missouri.edu RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012 NR 77 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 1 BP 466 EP 474 DI 10.1086/519989 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 204QH UT WOS:000249058600043 ER PT J AU Williams, BF Barnard, R Garcia, MR Kolb, U Osborne, JP Kong, AKH AF Williams, Benjamin F. Barnard, Robin Garcia, Michael R. Kolb, U. Osborne, J. P. Kong, Albert K. H. TI A potential supernova remnant X-ray binary association in M31 (vol 634, pg 365, 2005) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6BT, Bucks, England. Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Williams, BF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM williams@head.cfa.harvard.edu; r.barnard@open.ac.uk; garcia@head.cfa.harvard.edu; u.c.kolb@open.ac.uk; julo@star.le.ac.uk; akong@space.mit.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 1 BP 626 EP 626 DI 10.1086/519519 PN 1 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 204QH UT WOS:000249058600056 ER PT J AU Torrelles, JM Patel, NA Curiel, S Ho, PTP Garay, G Rodriguez, LF AF Torrelles, J. M. Patel, N. A. Curiel, S. Ho, P. T. P. Garay, G. Rodriguez, L. F. TI The circumstellar structure and excitation effects around the massive protostar Cepheus A HW 2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (Cepheus A); ISM : jets and outflows; stars : formation ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; HW2 REGION; MASERS; GAS; EMISSION; DISK; RESOLUTION AB We report SMA 335 GHz continuum observations with angular resolution of similar to 0.3'', together with VLA ammonia observations with similar to 1'' resolution toward Cep A HW 2. We find that the flattened disk structure of the dust emission observed by Patel et al. is preserved at the 0.3'' scale, showing an elongated structure of similar to 0.6'' size (450 AU) peaking on HW 2. In addition, two ammonia cores are observed, one associated with a hot core previously reported and an elongated core with a double peak separated by similar to 1.3'', with signs of heating at the inner edges of the gas facing HW 2. The double-peaked ammonia structure, as well as the double-peaked CH(3)CN structure reported previously (and proposed to be two independent hot cores), surround both the dust emission as well as the double-peaked SO(2) disk structure found by Jimenez-Serra et al. All these results argue against the interpretation of the elongated dust-gas structure as due to a chance superposition of different cores; instead, they imply that it is physically related to the central massive object within a "disk-protostar-jet" system. C1 Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, CSIC IEEC, Inst Ciencias Espacio, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 70264, DF, Mexico. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei, Taiwan. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Torrelles, JM (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, CSIC IEEC, Inst Ciencias Espacio, Marti Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM torrelles@ieec.fcr.es; npatel@cfa.harvard.edu; scuriel@astroscu.unam.mx; pho@cfa.harvard.edu; guido@das.uchile.cl; l.rodriguez@astrosmo.unam.mx RI Garay, Guido/H-8840-2013; OI Garay, Guido/0000-0003-1649-7958; Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 666 IS 1 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1086/521675 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 204QJ UT WOS:000249058800010 ER PT J AU Scoville, N Aussel, H Brusa, M Capak, P Carollo, CM Elvis, M Giavalisco, M Guzzo, L Hasinger, G Impey, C Kneib, JP LeFevre, O Lilly, SJ Mobasher, B Renzini, A Rich, RM Sanders, DB Schinnerer, E Schminovich, D Shopbell, P Taniguchi, Y Tyson, ND AF Scoville, N. Aussel, H. Brusa, M. Capak, P. Carollo, C. M. Elvis, M. Giavalisco, M. Guzzo, L. Hasinger, G. Impey, C. Kneib, J.-P. LeFevre, O. Lilly, S. J. Mobasher, B. Renzini, A. Rich, R. M. Sanders, D. B. Schinnerer, E. Schminovich, D. Shopbell, P. Taniguchi, Y. Tyson, N. D. TI The cosmic evolution survey (cosmos): Overview SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE observations; dark matter; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; large-scale structure of universe; surveys ID HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; SUBMILLIMETER-SELECTED GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; REDSHIFT Z-SIMILAR-TO-3; CLUSTERS; SOUTH; REDUCTION; SEQUENCE AB The Cosmic Evolution Survey ( COSMOS) is designed to probe the correlated evolution of galaxies, star formation, active galactic nuclei ( AGNs), and dark matter ( DM) with large-scale structure ( LSS) over the redshift range z > 0.5-6. The survey includes multiwavelength imaging and spectroscopy from X- ray-to-radio wavelengths covering a 2 deg(2) area, including HST imaging. Given the very high sensitivity and resolution of these data sets, COSMOS also provides unprecedented samples of objects at high redshift with greatly reduced cosmic variance, compared to earlier surveys. Here we provide a brief overview of the survey strategy, the characteristics of the major COSMOS data sets, and a summary the science goals. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85478 Garching, Germany. ETH, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Space Telescope Res Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Scoville, N (reprint author), CALTECH, MC-105-24,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015 OI Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677; Brusa, Marcella/0000-0002-5059-6848; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989 NR 61 TC 783 Z9 785 U1 4 U2 29 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1086/516585 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 205NW UT WOS:000249122000001 ER PT J AU Hasinger, G Cappelluti, N Brunner, H Brusa, M Comastri, A Elvis, M Finoguenov, A Fiore, F Franceschini, A Gilli, R Griffiths, RE Lehmann, I Mainieri, V Matt, G Matute, I Miyaji, T Molendi, S Paltani, S Sanders, DB Scoville, N Tresse, L Urry, CM Vettolani, P Zamorani, G AF Hasinger, G. Cappelluti, N. Brunner, H. Brusa, M. Comastri, A. Elvis, M. Finoguenov, A. Fiore, F. Franceschini, A. Gilli, R. Griffiths, R. E. Lehmann, I. Mainieri, V. Matt, G. Matute, I. Miyaji, T. Molendi, S. Paltani, S. Sanders, D. B. Scoville, N. Tresse, L. Urry, C. M. Vettolani, P. Zamorani, G. TI The XMM-Newton wide-field survey in the COSMOS field. I. Survey description SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; large-scale structure of universe; dark matter; galaxies : formation; galaxies : evolution; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; SPATIAL CORRELATION-FUNCTION; RAY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; X-RAY; COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; SERENDIPITOUS SURVEY; GALAXY FORMATION; SPACE DENSITY AB We present the first set of XMM-Newton EPIC observations in the 2 deg(2) COSMOS field. The strength of the COSMOS project is the unprecedented combination of a large solid angle and sensitivity over the whole multiwavelength spectrum. The XMM-Newton observations are very efficient in localizing and identifying active galactic nuclei ( AGNs) and clusters, as well as groups of galaxies. One of the primary goals of the XMM-Newton Cosmos survey is to study the coevolution of active galactic nuclei as a function of their environment in the cosmic web. Here we present the log of observations, images, and a summary of first research highlights for the first pass of 25 XMM-Newton pointings across the field. In the existing data set we have detected 1416 new X-ray sources in the 0.5-2, 2-4.5, and 4.5- 10 keV bands to an equivalent 0.5-2 keV flux limit of 7x 10(-16) erg cm(-2) s(-1). The number of sources is expected to grow to almost 2000 in the final coverage of the survey. From an X- ray color-color analysis we identify a population of heavily obscured, partially leaky or reflecting absorbers, most of which are likely to be nearby, Compton-thick AGNs. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00044 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CNR, INAF, IASF, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. INTEGRAL, Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Astrophys Lab, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. INAF, IRA, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP Hasinger, G (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, POB 1312, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; OI Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Cappelluti, Nico/0000-0002-1697-186X; Zamorani, Giovanni/0000-0002-2318-301X; Brusa, Marcella/0000-0002-5059-6848; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 NR 72 TC 210 Z9 210 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1086/516576 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 205NW UT WOS:000249122000003 ER PT J AU Scoville, N Abraham, RG Aussel, H Barnes, JE Benson, A Blain, AW Calzetti, D Comastri, A Capak, P Carilli, C Carlstrom, JE Carollo, CM Colbert, J Daddi, E Ellis, RS Elvis, M Ewald, SP Fall, M Franceschini, A Giavalisco, M Green, W Griffiths, RE Guzzo, L Hasinger, G Impey, C Kneib, JP Koda, J Koekemoer, A Lefevre, O Lilly, S Liu, CT McCracken, HJ Massey, R Mellier, Y Miyazaki, S Mobasher, B Mould, J Norman, C Refregier, A Renzini, A Rhodes, J Rich, M Sanders, DB Schiminovich, D Schinnerer, E Scodeggio, M Sheth, K Shopbell, PL Taniguchi, Y Tyson, ND Urry, CM Van Waerbeke, L Vettolani, P White, SDM Yan, L AF Scoville, N. Abraham, R. G. Aussel, H. Barnes, J. E. Benson, A. Blain, A. W. Calzetti, D. Comastri, A. Capak, P. Carilli, C. Carlstrom, J. E. Carollo, C. M. Colbert, J. Daddi, E. Ellis, R. S. Elvis, M. Ewald, S. P. Fall, M. Franceschini, A. Giavalisco, M. Green, W. Griffiths, R. E. Guzzo, L. Hasinger, G. Impey, C. Kneib, J.-P. Koda, J. Koekemoer, A. Lefevre, O. Lilly, S. Liu, C. T. McCracken, H. J. Massey, R. Mellier, Y. Miyazaki, S. Mobasher, B. Mould, J. Norman, C. Refregier, A. Renzini, A. Rhodes, J. Rich, M. Sanders, D. B. Schiminovich, D. Schinnerer, E. Scodeggio, M. Sheth, K. Shopbell, P. L. Taniguchi, Y. Tyson, N. D. Urry, C. M. Van Waerbeke, L. Vettolani, P. White, S. D. M. Yan, L. TI COSMOS: Hubble space telescope observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; dark matter; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; large-scale structure of universe; surveys ID DEEP FIELD AB The Cosmic Evolution Survey ( COSMOS) was initiated with an extensive allocation ( 590 orbits in Cycles 12 - 13) using the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST) for high-resolution imaging. Here we review the characteristics of the HST imaging with the Advanced Camera for Surveys ( ACS) and parallel observations with NICMOS and WFPC2. A square field ( 1.8 deg(2)) has been imaged with single-orbit ACS I-band F814W exposures with 50% completeness for sources 0.5 '' in diameter at I-AB= 26. 0 mag. The ACS is a key part of the COSMOS survey, providing very high sensitivity and high-resolution ( 0.09 '' FWHM and 0.05 '' pixels) imaging and detecting a million objects. These images yield resolved morphologies for several hundred thousand galaxies. The small HST PSF also provides greatly enhanced sensitivity for weak-lensing investigations of the dark matter distribution. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. ETH, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Osserv Astron Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Astrophys Lab, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Astron Observ, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7095, Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. Natl Astron Observ, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. CNR, Inst Astrophys Spatiale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ehime Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Scoville, N (reprint author), CALTECH, MC 105-24,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Daddi, Emanuele/D-1649-2012; Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; OI Daddi, Emanuele/0000-0002-3331-9590; Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Scodeggio, Marco/0000-0002-2282-5850; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677 NR 26 TC 242 Z9 243 U1 1 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1086/516580 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 205NW UT WOS:000249122000004 ER PT J AU Sanders, DB Salvato, M Aussel, H Ilbert, O Scoville, N Surace, JA Frayer, DT Sheth, K Helou, G Brooke, T Bhattacharya, B Yan, L Kartaltepe, JS Barnes, JE Blain, AW Calzetti, D Capak, P Carilli, C Carollo, CM Comastri, A Daddi, E Ellis, RS Elvis, M Fall, SM Franceschini, A Giavalisco, M Hasinger, G Impey, C Koekemoer, A Le Fevre, O Lilly, S Liu, MC McCracken, HJ Mobasher, B Renzini, A Rich, M Schinnerer, E Shopbell, PL Taniguchi, Y Thompson, DJ Urry, CM Williams, JP AF Sanders, D. B. Salvato, M. Aussel, H. Ilbert, O. Scoville, N. Surace, J. A. Frayer, D. T. Sheth, K. Helou, G. Brooke, T. Bhattacharya, B. Yan, L. Kartaltepe, J. S. Barnes, J. E. Blain, A. W. Calzetti, D. Capak, P. Carilli, C. Carollo, C. M. Comastri, A. Daddi, E. Ellis, R. S. Elvis, M. Fall, S. M. Franceschini, A. Giavalisco, M. Hasinger, G. Impey, C. Koekemoer, A. Le Fevre, O. Lilly, S. Liu, M. C. McCracken, H. J. Mobasher, B. Renzini, A. Rich, M. Schinnerer, E. Shopbell, P. L. Taniguchi, Y. Thompson, D. J. Urry, C. M. Williams, J. P. TI S-COSMOS: The Spitzer legacy survey of the Hubble Space Telescope ACS 2 deg(2) COSMOS field I: Survey strategy and first analysis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; infrared : galaxies; large-scale structure of universe; surveys ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; MICRON SOURCE COUNTS; 1ST-LOOK SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; INFRARED GALAXIES; CONFUSION NOISE; STAR-FORMATION; MU-M; DEEP; IRAS AB The COSMOS Spitzer survey ( S-COSMOS) is a Legacy program ( Cycles 2+3) designed to carry out a uniform deep survey of the full 2 deg(2) COSMOS field in all seven Spitzer bands ( 3.6, 4.5, 5.6, 8.0, 24.0, 70.0, and 160.0 mu m). This paper describes the survey parameters, mapping strategy, data reduction procedures, achieved sensitivities to date, and the complete data set for future reference. We show that the observed infrared backgrounds in the S- COSMOS field are within 10% of the predicted background levels. The fluctuations in the background at 24 mu m have been measured and do not show any significant contribution from cirrus, as expected. In addition, we report on the number of asteroid detections in the low Galactic latitude COSMOS field. We use the Cycle 2 S- COSMOS data to determine preliminary number counts, and compare our results with those from previous Spitzer Legacy surveys ( e. g., SWIRE, GOODS). The results from this `` first analysis'' confirm that the S- COSMOS survey will have sufficient sensitivity with IRAC to detect similar to L-* disks and spheroids out to z greater than or similar to 3, and with MIPS to detect ultraluminous starbursts and AGNs out to z similar to 3 at 24 mu m and out to z similar to 1.52 at 70 and 160 mu m. C1 Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, CEA, AIM Mixte Rech,UMR 7158, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. ETH, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85478 Garching, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Astrophys Lab, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. CALTECH, Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Arizona, Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Sanders, DB (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Williams, Jonathan/B-1643-2009; Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Daddi, Emanuele/D-1649-2012; Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; OI Daddi, Emanuele/0000-0002-3331-9590; Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Williams, Jonathan/0000-0001-5058-695X; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048 NR 58 TC 309 Z9 309 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.1086/517885 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 205NW UT WOS:000249122000007 ER PT J AU Capak, P Aussel, H Ajiki, M McCracken, HJ Mobasher, B Scoville, N Shopbell, P Taniguchi, Y Thompson, D Tribiano, S Sasaki, S Blain, AW Brusa, M Carilli, C Comastri, A Carollo, CM Cassata, P Colbert, J Ellis, RS Elvis, M Giavalisco, M Green, W Guzzo, L Hasinger, G Ilbert, O Impey, C Jahnke, K Kartaltepe, J Kneib, JP Koda, J Koekemoer, A Komiyama, Y Leauthaud, A Lefevre, O Lilly, S Liu, C Massey, R Miyazaki, S Murayama, T Nagao, T Peacock, JA Pickles, A Porciani, C Renzini, A Rhodes, J Rich, M Salvato, M Sanders, DB Scarlata, C Schiminovich, D Schinnerer, E Scodeggio, M Sheth, K Shioya, Y Tasca, LAM Taylor, JE Yan, L Zamorani, G AF Capak, P. Aussel, H. Ajiki, M. McCracken, H. J. Mobasher, B. Scoville, N. Shopbell, P. Taniguchi, Y. Thompson, D. Tribiano, S. Sasaki, S. Blain, A. W. Brusa, M. Carilli, C. Comastri, A. Carollo, C. M. Cassata, P. Colbert, J. Ellis, R. S. Elvis, M. Giavalisco, M. Green, W. Guzzo, L. Hasinger, G. Ilbert, O. Impey, C. Jahnke, K. Kartaltepe, J. Kneib, J.-P. Koda, J. Koekemoer, A. Komiyama, Y. Leauthaud, A. Lefevre, O. Lilly, S. Liu, C. Massey, R. Miyazaki, S. Murayama, T. Nagao, T. Peacock, J. A. Pickles, A. Porciani, C. Renzini, A. Rhodes, J. Rich, M. Salvato, M. Sanders, D. B. Scarlata, C. Schiminovich, D. Schinnerer, E. Scodeggio, M. Sheth, K. Shioya, Y. Tasca, L. A. M. Taylor, J. E. Yan, L. Zamorani, G. TI The first release COSMOS optical and near-IR data and catalog SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : evolution; large-scale structure of universe; surveys ID HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; FRANCE-HAWAII-TELESCOPE; EVOLUTION SURVEY COSMOS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; WIDE-FIELD; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; IMAGING SURVEY AB We present imaging data and photometry for the COSMOS survey in 15 photometric bands between 0.3 and 2.4 mu m. These include data taken on the Subaru 8.3 m telescope, the KPNO and CTIO 4 m telescopes, and the CFHT 3.6 m telescope. Special techniques are used to ensure that the relative photometric calibration is better than 1% across the field of view. The absolute photometric accuracy from standard-star measurements is found to be 6%. The absolute calibration is corrected using galaxy spectra, providing colors accurate to 2% or better. Stellar and galaxy colors and counts agree well with the expected values. Finally, as the first step in the scientific analysis of these data we construct panchromatic number counts which confirm that both the geometry of the universe and the galaxy population are evolving. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR 7158, AIM,Unite Mixte Rech, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Astrophys, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Phys, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. Univ Arizona, LBT Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. CUNY, Borough Manhattan Community Coll, New York, NY 10007 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85478 Garching, Germany. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. ETH, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Astrophys Lab, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. CALTECH, Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Padua, Dipartmento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. IASF, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Capak, P (reprint author), CALTECH, MC 105-24,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; OI Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Scodeggio, Marco/0000-0002-2282-5850; Jahnke, Knud/0000-0003-3804-2137; Zamorani, Giovanni/0000-0002-2318-301X; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Brusa, Marcella/0000-0002-5059-6848 NR 53 TC 438 Z9 440 U1 2 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 99 EP 116 DI 10.1086/519081 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 205NW UT WOS:000249122000008 ER PT J AU Brusa, M Zamorani, G Comastri, A Hasinger, G Cappelluti, N Civano, F Finoguenov, A Mainieri, V Salvato, M Vignali, C Elvis, M Fiore, F Gilli, R Impey, CD Lilly, SJ Mignoli, M Silverman, J Trump, J Urry, CM Bender, R Capak, P Huchra, JP Kneib, JP Koekemoer, A Leauthaud, A Lehmann, I Massey, R Matute, I McCarthy, PJ McCracken, HJ Rhodes, J Scoville, NZ Taniguchi, Y Thompson, D AF Brusa, M. Zamorani, G. Comastri, A. Hasinger, G. Cappelluti, N. Civano, F. Finoguenov, A. Mainieri, V. Salvato, M. Vignali, C. Elvis, M. Fiore, F. Gilli, R. Impey, C. D. Lilly, S. J. Mignoli, M. Silverman, J. Trump, J. Urry, C. M. Bender, R. Capak, P. Huchra, J. P. Kneib, J. P. Koekemoer, A. Leauthaud, A. Lehmann, I. Massey, R. Matute, I. McCarthy, P. J. McCracken, H. J. Rhodes, J. Scoville, N. Z. Taniguchi, Y. Thompson, D. TI The XMM-Newton wide-field survey in the COSMOS field. III. Optical identification and multiwavelength properties of a large sample of X-ray-selected sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; surveys; X-rays : diffuse background; X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DEEP FIELD; HELLAS2XMM SURVEY; DATA RELEASE; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; HOST GALAXIES AB We present the optical identification of a sample of 695 X- ray sources detected in the first 1.3 deg(2) of the COSMOS XMM-Newton survey, down to a 0.5-2keV( 2-10 keV) limiting flux of similar to 10(-15) erg cm(-2) s(-1) (similar to 5x10(-15) erg cm(-2) s(-1)). In order to identify the correct optical counterparts and to assess the statistical significance of the X- ray-to-optical associations we have used the 'likelihood ratio technique.'' Here we present the identification method and its application to the CFHT I-band and photometric catalogs. We were able to associate a candidate optical counterpart to similar to 90% ( 626) of the X- ray sources, while for the remaining similar to 10% of the sources we were not able to provide a unique optical association due to the faintness of the possible optical counterparts ( I-AB > 25) or to the presence of multiple optical sources, with similar likelihoods of being the correct identification, within the XMM- Newton error circles. We also cross- correlated the candidate optical counterparts with the Subaru multicolor and ACS catalogs and with the Magellan/ IMACS, zCOSMOS, and literature spectroscopic data; the spectroscopic sample comprises 248 objects ( similar to 40% of the full sample). Our analysis of this statistically meaningful sample of X- ray sources reveals that for similar to 80% of the counterparts there is a very good agreement between the spectroscopic classification, the morphological parameters as derived from ACS data, and the optical-to-near-infrared colors: the large majority of spectroscopically identified broad- line active galactic nuclei ( BL AGNs) have a pointlike morphology on ACS data, blue optical colors in color-color diagrams, and an X- ray-to-optical flux ratio typical of optically selected quasars. Conversely, sources classified as narrow line AGNs or normal galaxies are on average associated with extended optical sources, have significantly redder optical-to-near-infrared colors, and span a larger range of X- ray-to-optical flux ratios. However, about 20% of the sources show an apparent mismatch between the morphological and spectroscopic classifications. All the "extended'' BL AGNs lie at redshift < 1.5, while the redshift distribution of the full BLAGN population peaks at z similar to 1: 5. Themost likely explanation is that in these objects the nuclear emission is not dominant with respect to the host galaxy emission in the observed ACS band. Our analysis also suggests that the type 2/type 1 ratio decreases toward high luminosities, in qualitative agreement with the results from X- ray spectral analysis and the most recent modeling of the X- ray luminosity function evolution. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. ETH, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Yale Univ, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Astrophys Lab, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Phys, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. Univ Arizona, Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Brusa, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Vignali, Cristian/J-4974-2012; Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; Mignoli, Marco/O-9426-2015; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; OI Cappelluti, Nico/0000-0002-1697-186X; Zamorani, Giovanni/0000-0002-2318-301X; Vignali, Cristian/0000-0002-8853-9611; Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Mignoli, Marco/0000-0002-9087-2835; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Brusa, Marcella/0000-0002-5059-6848; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 NR 78 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 353 EP 367 DI 10.1086/516575 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 205NW UT WOS:000249122000025 ER PT J AU Mainieri, V Hasinger, G Cappelluti, N Brusa, M Brunner, H Civano, F Comastri, A Elvis, M Finoguenov, A Fiore, F Gilli, R Lehmann, I Silverman, J Tasca, L Vignali, C Zamorani, G Schinnerer, E Impey, C Trump, J Lilly, S Maier, C Griffiths, RE Miyaji, T Capak, P Koekemoer, A Scoville, N Shopbell, P Taniguchi, Y AF Mainieri, V. Hasinger, G. Cappelluti, N. Brusa, M. Brunner, H. Civano, F. Comastri, A. Elvis, M. Finoguenov, A. Fiore, F. Gilli, R. Lehmann, I. Silverman, J. Tasca, L. Vignali, C. Zamorani, G. Schinnerer, E. Impey, C. Trump, J. Lilly, S. Maier, C. Griffiths, R. E. Miyaji, T. Capak, P. Koekemoer, A. Scoville, N. Shopbell, P. Taniguchi, Y. TI The XMM-Newton wide-field survey in the COSMOS field. IV. X-ray spectral properties of active galactic nuclei SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; surveys; X-rays : diffuse background; X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : general ID MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; ROSAT DEEP SURVEY; HELLAS2XMM SURVEY; OPTICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; SKY SURVEY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; SOURCE CATALOGS; NUMBER COUNTS; LOCKMAN HOLE; NORTH SURVEY AB We present a detailed spectral analysis of pointlike X-ray sources in the XMM-Newton COSMOS field. Our sample of 135 sources only includes those that have more than 100 net counts in the 0.3-10 keV energy band and have been identified through optical spectroscopy. The majority of the sources are well described by a simple power-law model with either no absorption (76%) or a significant intrinsic, absorbing column (20%). The remaining similar to 4% of the sources require a more complex modeling by incorporating additional components to the power law. For sources with more than 180 net counts ( bright sample), we allowed both the photon spectral index Gamma and the equivalent hydrogen column N-H to be free parameters. For fainter sources, we fix Gamma to the average value and allow NH to vary. The mean spectral index of the 82 sources in the bright sample is h i 2: 06 +/- 0: 08, with an intrinsic dispersion of similar to 0.24. Each of these sources has fractional errors on the value of Gamma below 20%. As expected, the distribution of intrinsic absorbing column densities is markedly different between AGNs with or without broad optical emission lines. We find within our sample four type 2 QSO candidates (LX > 1044 ergs s(-1), NH > 1022 cm (-2)), with a spectral energy distribution well reproduced by a composite Seyfert 2 spectrum, that demonstrates the strength of the wide-field COSMOS XMM-Newton survey to detect these rare and underrepresented sources. In addition, we have identified a Compton-thick ( NH > 1: 5; 1024 cm -2) AGN at z 0: 1248. Its X-ray spectrum is well fitted by a pure reflection model and a significant Fe K alpha line at rest-frame energy of 6.4 keV. C1 European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, UMR 6110, F-13376 Marseille, France. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. ETH, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Ehime Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan. RP Mainieri, V (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-37075 Garching, Germany. RI Vignali, Cristian/J-4974-2012; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; OI Zamorani, Giovanni/0000-0002-2318-301X; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677; Brusa, Marcella/0000-0002-5059-6848; Vignali, Cristian/0000-0002-8853-9611; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Cappelluti, Nico/0000-0002-1697-186X; Maier, Christian/0000-0001-6405-2182; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 NR 68 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 368 EP 382 DI 10.1086/516573 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 205NW UT WOS:000249122000026 ER PT J AU Trump, JR Impey, CD McCarthy, PJ Elvis, M Huchra, JP Brusa, M Hasinger, G Schinnerer, E Capak, P Lilly, SJ Scoville, NZ AF Trump, Jonathan R. Impey, Chris D. McCarthy, Patrick J. Elvis, Martin Huchra, John P. Brusa, Marcella Hasinger, Gunther Schinnerer, Eva Capak, Peter Lilly, Simon J. Scoville, Nick Z. TI Magellan spectroscopy of AGN candidates in the COSMOS field SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; quasars : general; surveys ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; HELLAS2XMM SURVEY; REDSHIFT SURVEY; LUMINOSITY; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE; SPECTRA; IDENTIFICATION AB We present spectroscopic redshifts for the first 466 X-ray-and radio-selected AGN targets in the 2 deg(2) COSMOS field. Spectra were obtained with the IMACS instrument on the Magellan (Baade) telescope, using the nod-and-shuffle technique. We identify a variety of type 1 and type 2 AGNs, as well as red galaxies with no emission lines. Our red-shift yield is 72% down to i(AB) 24, although the yield is > 90% for iAB < 22. We expect the completeness to increase as the survey continues. When our survey is complete and additional redshifts from the zCOSMOS project are included, we anticipate similar to 1100 AGNs with redshifts over the entire COSMOS field. Our redshift survey is consistent with an obscured AGN population that peaks at z similar to 0: 7, although further work is necessary to disentangle the selection effects. C1 Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. ETH, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Trump, JR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677; Brusa, Marcella/0000-0002-5059-6848 NR 27 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 383 EP 395 DI 10.1086/516578 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 205NW UT WOS:000249122000027 ER PT J AU Sasaki, SS Taniguchi, Y Scoville, N Mobasher, B Aussel, H Sanders, DB Koekemoer, A Ajiki, M Komiyama, Y Miyazaki, S Kaifu, N Karoji, H Okamura, S Arimoto, N Ohta, K Shioya, Y Murayama, T Nagao, T Koda, J Hainline, L Renzini, A Giavalisco, M Le Fevre, O Impey, C Elvis, M Lilly, S Rich, M Schinnerer, E Sheth, K AF Sasaki, S. S. Taniguchi, Y. Scoville, N. Mobasher, B. Aussel, H. Sanders, D. B. Koekemoer, A. Ajiki, M. Komiyama, Y. Miyazaki, S. Kaifu, N. Karoji, H. Okamura, S. Arimoto, N. Ohta, K. Shioya, Y. Murayama, T. Nagao, T. Koda, J. Hainline, L. Renzini, A. Giavalisco, M. Le Fevre, O. Impey, C. Elvis, M. Lilly, S. Rich, M. Schinnerer, E. Sheth, K. TI A potential galaxy threshing system in the COSMOS field SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : interactions ID COMPACT DWARF GALAXIES; ADVANCED CAMERA; FORNAX CLUSTER; STAR-CLUSTERS; 1ST LIGHT; LUMINOSITY; TELESCOPE; REDSHIFT; IMAGES; TAILS AB We report on the discovery of a new potential galaxy threshing system in the COSMOS 2 square degree field using the prime-focus camera, Suprime-Cam, on the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope. This system consists of a giant elliptical galaxy with M-V approximate to -21: 6 and a tidally disrupted satellite galaxy with M-V approximate to -17: 7 at a photometric redshift of z approximate to 0: 08. This redshift is consistent with the spectroscopic redshift of 0.079 for the giant elliptical galaxy obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) archive. The luminosity masses of the two galaxies are 3: 7; 1012 and 3: 1; 109 M (circle dot), respectively. The distance between the two galaxies is greater than 100 kpc. The two tidal tails emanating from the satellite galaxy extend over 150 kpc. This system would be the second well-defined galaxy threshing system found so far. C1 Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Ehime Univ, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sasaki, SS (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RI Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; OI Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1086/516581 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 205NW UT WOS:000249122000034 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. TI Why Australian tropical scientists should become international leaders SO AUSTRAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIODIVERSITY; BIRDS C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1442-9985 J9 AUSTRAL ECOL JI Austral Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 32 IS 6 BP 601 EP 604 DI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01772.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198AL UT WOS:000248599300001 ER PT J AU Kursar, TA Caballero-George, CC Capson, TL Cubilla-Rios, L Gerwick, WH Maria, VH Ibanez, A Linington, RG McPhail, KL Ortega-Barria, E Romero, LI Coley, PD AF Kursar, Thomas A. Caballero-George, Catherina C. Capson, Todd L. Cubilla-Rios, Luis Gerwick, William H. Maria, V. Heller Ibanez, Alicia Linington, Roger G. McPhail, Kerry L. Ortega-Barria, Eduardo Romero, Luz I. Coley, P. D. TI Linking bioprospecting with sustainable development and conservation: the Panama case SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Developing Countries CY AUG 17-18, 2005 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK DE bioprospecting; Chagas' disease; convention on biological diversity; ecosystem services; ICBG; leishmaniasis; malaria; panama; policy-makers; sustainable development ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS; DRUG DISCOVERY; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGY AB The limited international resources for economic aid and conservation can only mitigate poverty and losses of biodiversity. Hence, developing nations must establish the capacity to resolve their problems. Additionally, policy-makers and donors need to obtain scientific input on issues such as global change and ecosystem services. We propose that for nations rich in biodiversity, ecosystem services derived from bioprospecting, or drug discovery, could contribute to economic development. In the case where unstudied samples are shipped abroad for research, the chances of obtaining royalties are infinitesimally small. Therefore developing nations will only realize benefits from bioprospecting through in-country research on their own biodiversity. Policy-makers and donors have failed to appreciate the value of this approach. In order to provide an example of the inherent links between conservation and sustainable economic development, we initiated a drug discovery effort in Panama that emphasizes local benefit. As much of the drug discovery process as possible is conducted in Panamanian laboratories, providing jobs dependent on intact biodiversity and enhancing local research and training. In short, research, plus the spin-offs from research, provide immediate and long-lasting benefits to Panama. The connection between conservation and development has been highlighted in publicity about the project in Panama's urban media. This provides a constructive alternative to the perception the among the urban populace that economic development inevitably competes with conservation. In summary, our program uses biodiversity to promote human health as well as to support research capacity, economic development and conservation within Panama. The program provides an example of the widely recognized but little developed concept of bioprospecting research as an ecosystem service. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Univ Panama, Dept Chem, Panama City, Panama. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Inst Adv Sci Res & High Technol, Panama City, Panama. Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kursar, TA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM Kursar@biology.utah.edu OI Linington, Roger/0000-0003-1818-4971 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2789 EP 2800 DI 10.1007/s10531-007-9214-2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 206UI UT WOS:000249208000005 ER PT J AU Allen, B Ireland, RR AF Allen, Bruce Ireland, Robert R. TI A new species of Bartramia (Bartramiaceae) from Chile SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE musci; Chile; bio-bio region; new species; Bartramiaceae; Bartramia bellolioella AB A new Bartramia species, B. bellolioella, is described from Arauco and Nuble provinces in the Bio-Bio Region of south-central Chile. The species belongs to section Vaginella Mull. Hal. It is closely related to the widespread B. ithyphylla Brid. and more distantly related to B. deciduaefolia Broth. & Yasuda from East Asia. Distinctive features of the species include its small size and spreading stem leaves that have enlarged, sheathing bases. Although sterile, B. bellolioella reproduces asexually by means of deciduous, linear-lanceolate leaves that lack sheathing bases. The deciduous leaves are produced at the stem apices or on whole plants. C1 Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Allen, B (reprint author), Missouri Bot Garden, Pob 299, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. EM bruce.allen@mobot.org; irelandr@si.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOCIETY INC PI OMAHA PA C/O DR ROBERT S EGAN, SEC.-TRES., ABLS, UNIV NEBRASKA OMAHA, DEPT BIOLOGY, OMAHA, NE 68182-0040 USA SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD FAL PY 2007 VL 110 IS 3 BP 506 EP 509 DI 10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[506:ANSOBB]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 190TZ UT WOS:000248084800014 ER PT J AU Lessios, HA AF Lessios, H. A. TI Reproductive isolation between species of sea urchins SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Reproduction, Ecology and Evolution in Marine Systems held in Honor of John S Pearse CY JUN 10-11, 2006 CL Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA HO Univ Calif Santa Cruz ID DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM PHILIPPI; GENUS ECHINOMETRA; GAMETE RECOGNITION; SPERM BINDIN; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-FRANCISCANUS; CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENIES; POSITIVE SELECTION; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; ECHINOIDS DIADEMA AB Existing knowledge on reproductive isolating barriers between sea urchin species is reviewed. Experiments involving artificial production of hybrids between congeneric echinoid species have shown that in most cases hybrids are viable and capable of backcrossing. Only species separated for > 5 million yrs show complete post-zygotic isolation. Each potential prezygotic isolating barrier appears to be incapable of completely preventing gene flow between sympatric species. Different habitat preferences exist in many, but not all, sympatric species. Annual reproductive cycles are too environmentally labile to isolate entire species. Lunar reproductive rhythms may be a form of temporal isolation in some diadematid species, but they are generally lacking in other echinoids. Gametic isolation is bidirectional and complete in a few pairs of congeneric species, but as a rule it allows one-way gene flow between congeneric species. There is no correlation between pre-zygotic isolation and the time since separation of the species. Bindin, a reproductive molecule involved in gamete incompatibility, shows evidence of strong selection in genera that contain sympatric species, but appears to be evolving neutrally in genera that do not. However, the cause of selection, where it exists, is more likely to be some form of intraspecific process, such as sexual selection, rather than reinforcement to avoid hybridization. Even though no single barrier seems to be either absolute or universal, the combination of several barriers is potentially capable of reducing the probability of hybrid production in nature, which may explain why there is little credible evidence of natural hybridization or introgression between sea urchin species. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Lessios, HA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM LessiosH@post.harvard.edu NR 94 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 25 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 81 IS 2 BP 191 EP 208 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 216MW UT WOS:000249883100006 ER PT J AU Garcia-Robledo, C Kuprewicz, EK Staines, CL AF Garcia-Robledo, Carlos Kuprewicz, Erin K. Staines, Charles L. TI Hispine-like herbivore damage in Canna bangii (Zingiberales : Cannaceae) by Anopsilus weevils (Curculionidae : Baridinae) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID BEETLES C1 Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Garcia-Robledo, C (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM carlos@bio.miami.edu RI Garcia-Robledo, Carlos/A-3164-2008 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 61 IS 3 BP 468 EP 470 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2007)61[468:HHDICB]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 226NK UT WOS:000250595600015 ER PT J AU Neigel, J Domingo, A Stake, J AF Neigel, J. Domingo, A. Stake, J. TI DNA barcoding as a tool for coral reef conservation SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Review DE DNA barcoding; DNA taxonomy; cytochrome oxidase I; environmental sampling; microarrays; real-time PCR ID REAL-TIME PCR; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MARINE RESERVES; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; CRYPTIC SPECIATION; MOLECULAR CLOCK; TAXONOMY; EVOLUTION; LIFE; LARVAE AB DNA Barcoding (DBC) is a method for taxonomic identification of animals that is based entirely on the 5' portion of the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI-5). It can be especially useful for identification of larval forms or incomplete specimens lacking diagnostic morphological characters. DBC can also facilitate the discovery of species and in defining "molecular taxonomic units" in problematic groups. However, DBC is not a panacea for coral reef taxonomy. In two of the most ecologically important groups on coral reefs, the Anthozoa and Porifera, COI-5 sequences have diverged too little to be diagnostic for all species. Other problems for DBC include paraphyly in mitochondrial gene trees and lack of differentiation between hybrids and their maternal ancestors. DBC also depends on the availability of databases of COI-5 sequences, which are still in early stages of development. A global effort to barcode all fish species has demonstrated the importance of large-scale coordination and is yielding promising results. Whether or not COI-5 by itself is sufficient for species assignments has become a contentious question; it is generally advantageous to use sequences from multiple loci. C1 Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. Univ Virgin Isl, Div Sci & Math, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. RP Neigel, J (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM jneigel@louisiana.edu; alanadon@gmail.com; jstake@uvi.edu NR 103 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 487 EP 499 DI 10.1007/s00338-007-0248-4 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 201LH UT WOS:000248832400007 ER PT J AU Lapointe, BE Bedford, BJ Littler, MM Littler, DS AF Lapointe, B. E. Bedford, B. J. Littler, M. M. Littler, D. S. TI Shifts in coral overgrowth by sponges and algae SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ctr Coastal Res, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lapointe, BE (reprint author), Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ctr Coastal Res, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM lapointe@hboi.edu NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 3 BP 515 EP 515 DI 10.1007/s00338-007-0242-x PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 201LH UT WOS:000248832400010 ER PT J AU Buzas, MA Hayek, LAC Hayward, BW Grenfell, HR Sabaa, AT AF Buzas, Martin A. Hayek, Lee-Ann C. Hayward, B. W. Grenfell, Hugh R. Sabaa, Ashwaq T. TI Biodiversity and community structure of deep-sea foraminifera around New Zealand SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; community structure; Foraminifera; New Zealand ID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; SPECIES-ABUNDANCE; NORTH-CAROLINA; PATTERNS; DIVERSITY; MARSH; OCEAN; EAST AB The biodiversity and community structure of benthic foraminifera were estimated from 217 stations distributed in four geographic regions (north, south, east, west) around New Zealand. An analytical method accumulating sample values of species richness (S), the information function (H) and evenness (E) with increasing number of individuals (N) called SHE analysis was used to establish 16 foraminifieral communities and their community structure at shelf (0-200 in), bathyal (200-2000 in) and abyssal (> 2000 m) depths. A decrease in S, Hand E occurs from north to south and this latitudinal h gradient extends to abyssal depths. An increase in S and H with depth occurs in the northern and southern areas. For In S, L H and In E against In N, regression lines on values obtained from SHE analysis at shelf, bathyal and abyssal depths all diverge in the southern area. Each of the other areas exhibits crossing of regression lines so that establishing the rank order of S, H or E with depth within an area requires consideration of N. For a log series pattern, H is a constant proportional to a, the parameter of the log series, and, based on the decomposition equation In S = H + In E, a regression of In S against In E yields a regression coefficient of - I and an intercept of H. At depths of less than 1000 in, 2 of 8 communities have regression coefficient confidence intervals that include - 1. At depths of greater than 1000 m, 7 of 8 communities intervals include -1. Thus, overall, the majority of cases, but especially those at depths greater than 1000m, have a log series pattern. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Geomarine Res, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Buzas, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM buzasm@si.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1641 EP 1654 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.05.008 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 214YS UT WOS:000249774900010 ER PT J AU McKee, KL Rooth, JE Feller, IC AF McKee, Karen L. Rooth, Jill E. Feller, Ilka C. TI Mangrove recruitment after forest disturbance is facilitated by herbaceous species in the caribbean SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE coastal wetland; disturbance; facilitation; forest regeneration; mangrove associate; nurse plant; patch dynamics; restoration; Rhizophora; seed dispersal; seedling recruitment; stress ID NEGATIVE PLANT INTERACTIONS; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; MOJAVE DESERT; NURSE PLANTS; SALT-MARSH; RESTORATION; GROWTH AB Plant communities along tropical coastlines are often affected by natural and human disturbances, but little is known about factors influencing recovery. We focused on mangrove forests, which are among the most threatened ecosystems globally, to examine how facilitation by herbaceous vegetation might improve forest restoration after disturbance. We specifically investigated whether recovery of mangrove forests in harsh environments is accelerated by nurse plants and whether the beneficial effects are species-specific. Quantification of standardized effects allowed comparisons across performance parameters and over time for: (I) net effect of each herbaceous species on mangrove survival and growth, (2) effects of pre- and post-establishment factors associated with each herbaceous species, and (3) need for artificial planting to enhance growth or survival of mangrove seedlings. Mangrove recruitment in a clear-cut forest in Belize was accelerated by the presence of Sesuvium portulacastrum (succulent forb) and Distichlis spicata (grass), two coastal species common throughout the Caribbean region. The net effect of herbaceous vegetation was positive, but the magnitude of effects on mangrove survival and growth differed by species. Because of differences in their vegetative structure and other features, species effects on mangroves also varied by mechanism: (1) trapping of dispersing propagules (both species), (2) structural support of the seedling (Distichlis), and/or (3) promotion of survival (Sesuvium) or growth (Distichlis) through amelioration of soil conditions (temperature, aeration). Artificial planting had a stronger positive effect on mangrove survival than did edaphic conditions, but planting enhanced mangrove growth more in Sesuvium than in Distichlis patches. Our study indicates that beneficial species might be selected based on features that provide multiple positive effects and that species comparisons may be improved using standardized effects. Our findings are not only relevant to the coastal environments found in the Caribbean region, but our assessment methods may be useful for developing site-specific information to restore disturbed mangrove forests worldwide, especially given the large pool of mangrove associates (> 45 genera) available for screening. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Westlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Elkhorn Slough Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP McKee, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Westlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM karen_mckee@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 57 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 43 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1678 EP 1693 DI 10.1890/06-1614.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207GS UT WOS:000249240200011 PM 17913132 ER PT J AU Dyck, MG Soon, W Baydack, RK Legates, DR Baliunas, S Ball, TF Hancock, LO AF Dyck, M. G. Soon, W. Baydack, R. K. Legates, D. R. Baliunas, S. Ball, T. F. Hancock, L. O. TI Polar bears of western Hudson Bay and climate change: Are warming spring air temperatures the "ultimate" survival control factor? SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Review DE polar bear; climate change; Hudson bay; extinction ID ICE-FREE PERIOD; SEA-ICE; URSUS-MARITIMUS; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; CENTRAL CANADA; POPULATION; TRENDS; VARIABILITY AB Long-term warming of late spring (April-June) air temperatures has been proposed by Stirling et al. [Stirling, L, Lunn, N.J., Iacozza, J., 1999. Long-term trends in the population ecology of polar bears in western Hudson Bay in relation to climatic change. Arctic 52, 294306] as the "ultimate" factor causing earlier sea-ice break-up around western Hudson Bay (WH) that has, in turn, led to the poorer physical and reproductive characteristics of polar bears occupying this region. Derocher et al. [Derocher, A.E., Lunn, N.J., Stirling, I., 2004. Polar bears in a warming climate. Integr. Comp. Biol. 44, 163-176] expanded the discussion to the whole circumpolar Arctic and concluded that polar bears will unlikely survive as a species should the computer-predicted scenarios for total disappearance of sea-ice in the Arctic come true. We found that spring air temperatures around the Hudson Bay basin for the past 70 years (1932-2002) show no significant warming trend and are more likely identified with the large-amplitude, natural climatic variability that is characteristic of the Arctic. Any role of external forcing by anthropogenic greenhouse gases remains difficult to identify. We argue, therefore, that the extrapolation of polar bear disappearance is highly premature. Climate models are simply not skilful for the projection of regional sea-ice changes in Hudson Bay or the whole Arctic. Alternative factors, such as increased human-bear interaction, must be taken into account in a more realistic study and explanation of the population ecology of WH polar bears. Both scientific papers and public discussion that continue to fail to recognize the inherent complexity in the adaptive interaction of polar bears with both human and nature will not likely offer any useful, science-based, preservation and management strategies for the species. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nanavut Arct Coll, Environm Technol Program, Iqaluit, NU X0A 0HO, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Manitoba, Clayton H Riddell Fac Environm Earth & Resources, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Univ Delaware, Ctr Climat Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Climate & Environm Consultant, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Dyck, MG (reprint author), Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Box 209, Igloolik, NU X0A 0LO, Canada. EM mdyck@gov.nu.ca; wsoon@cfa.harvard.edu NR 101 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 94 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 4 IS 3 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2007.03.002 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 202HT UT WOS:000248893300001 ER PT J AU Gonzales, EE van der Zee, M Dictus, WJAG van den Biggelaar, J AF Gonzales, Eric E. van der Zee, Maurijn Dictus, Wim J. A. G. van den Biggelaar, Jo TI Brefeldin A and monensin inhibit the D quadrant organizer in the polychaete annelids Arctonoe vittata and Serpula columbiana SO EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID MOLLUSK PATELLA-VULGATA; ILYANASSA-OBSOLETA; POLAR LOBE; MESENTOBLAST DETERMINATION; D MACROMERE; CLEAVAGE; EMBRYOS; SPECIFICATION; GASTROPOD; MAPK AB The D quadrant organizer is a developmental signaling center that is localized to the vegetal D quadrant in different spiral-cleaving lophotrochozoan embryos and may be homologous to axial organizing regions in other metazoans. Patterning by this organizing center creates a secondary developmental axis and is required for the transition from spiral to bilateral cleavage and later establishment of the adult body plan. Organizer specification in equal-cleaving embryos is thought to involve inductive interactions between opposing animal and vegetal blastomeres. To date, experimental demonstration of this interaction has been limited to molluscs and nemerteans. Here, we examine three families of equal-cleaving polychaete annelids for evidence of animal-vegetal contact. We find that contact is present in the polynoid, Arctonoe vittata, but is absent in the serpulid, Serpula columbiana, and in the oweniid, Oweniia fusiformis. To interfere with cell signaling during the period predicted for organizer specification and patterning in A. vittata and S. columbiana, we use two general inhibitors of protein processing and secretion: Brefeldin A (BFA) and monensin. In A. vittata, we detail subsequent embryonic and larval adult development and show that treatment with either chemical results in radialization of the embryo and subsequent body plan. Radialized larvae differentiate many larval and adult structures despite the loss of bilateral symmetry but do so in either a radially symmetric or four-fold radially symmetric fashion. Our results suggest that the D quadrant organizer is functionally conserved in equal-cleaving polychaetes, but that details of its specification, induction, and patterning have diverged relative to other spiral-cleaving phyla. C1 Univ Utrecht, Dept Dev Biol, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gonzales, EE (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Dev Biol, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. EM eegonzales@berkeley.edu NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1520-541X J9 EVOL DEV JI Evol. Dev. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 416 EP 431 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 208LQ UT WOS:000249321200003 PM 17845514 ER PT J AU Krot, AN Yurimoto, H Hutcheon, ID Libourel, G Chaussidon, M Tissandier, L Petaev, MI MacPherson, GJ Paque-Heather, J Wark, D AF Krot, Alexander N. Yurimoto, Hisayoshi Hutcheon, Ian D. Libourel, Guy Chaussidon, Marc Tissandier, Laurent Petaev, Michael I. MacPherson, Glenn J. Paque-Heather, Julie Wark, David TI Type CCa, Al-rich inclusions from Allende: Evidence for multistage formation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID NINGQIANG CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; REDUCED-CV CHONDRITES; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; FERROMAGNESIAN CHONDRULES; CRYSTALLIZATION SEQUENCES; GENETIC LINKS; B INCLUSIONS; CONDENSATION AB The coarse-grained, igneous, anorthite-rich (Type C) CAIs from Allende studied (100, 160, 6-1-72, 3529-40, CG5, ABC, TS26, and 93) have diverse textures and mineralogies, suggesting complex nebular and asteroidal formation histories. CAIs 100, 160, 6-1-72, and 3529-40 consist of Al,Ti-diopside (fassaite; 13-23 wt% Al2O3, 2-14 wt% TiO2), Na-bearing akermanitic melilite (0.1-0.4 wt% Na2O; Ak(30-75)), spinel, and fine-grained (similar to 5-10 pm) anorthite groundmass. Most of the fassaite and melilite grains have "lacy" textures characterized by the presence of abundant rounded and prismatic inclusions of anorthite similar to 5-10 mu m in size. Lacy melilite is pseudomorphed to varying degrees by grossular, monticellite, and pure forsterite or wollastonite. spinel, perovskite, and platinum-group element nuggets; the Type B-like material is overgrown by lacy melilite and fassaite. Some melilite and fassaite grains in CAls 100 and 160 are texturally similar to those in the Type B portion of 6-1-72. CAls ABC and TS26 contain relict chondrule fragments composed of forsteritic olivine and low-Ca pyroxene; CAI 93 is overgrown by a coarse-grained igneous rim of pigeonite, augite, and anorthitic plagioclase. These three CAls contain very sodium-rich akermanitic melilite (0.4-0.6 wt% Na2O; Ak(63-7)4) and Cr-bearing AI,Ti-diopside (up to 1.6 wt% Cr2O3, 1-23 wt% Al2O, 0.5-7 wt% TiO2). Melilite and anorthite in the Allende Type C CAI peripheries are replaced by nepheline and socialite, which are crosscut by andradite-bearing veins; spinel is enriched in FeO. The CAI fragment CG5 is texturally and mineralogically distinct from other Allende Type Cs. It is anorthite-poor and very rich in spinel poikilitically enclosed by Na-free gehlenitic melilite (Ak(20-30)), fassaite, and anorthite; neither melilite nor pyroxene have lacy textures; secondary minerals are absent. The Al-rich chondrules 3655b-2 and 3510-7 contain aluminum-rich and ferromagnesian portions. The Al-rich portions consist of anorthitic plagioclase, Al-rich low-Ca pyroxene, and Cr-bearing spinel; the ferromagnesium portions consist of fosteritic olivine, low-Ca pyroxene, and opaque nodules. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawai Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94451 USA. CNRS, UPR 2300, Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Krot, AN (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawai Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM sasha@higp.hawaii.edu RI Chaussidon, Marc/E-7067-2017 NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 17 BP 4342 EP 4364 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.03.040 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 209CD UT WOS:000249365000015 ER PT J AU Wolf, AA Drake, BG Erickson, JE Megonigal, JP AF Wolf, Amelia A. Drake, Bert G. Erickson, John E. Megonigal, J. Patrick TI An oxygen-mediated positive feedback between elevated carbon dioxide and soil organic matter decomposition in a simulated anaerobic wetland SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon isotopes; carbon sequestration; climate change; elevated CO2; positive feedback; priming effect; root oxygen loss ID CHESAPEAKE BAY WETLAND; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESPONSES; RESPIRATION; PEATLANDS; ENRICHMENT; FOREST; PLANT; CYCLE AB We examined the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil carbon decomposition in an experimental anaerobic wetland system. Pots containing either bare C-4-derived soil or the C-3 sedge Scirpus olneyi planted in C-4-derived soil were incubated in greenhouse chambers at either ambient or twice-ambient atmospheric CO2. We measured CO2 flux from each pot, quantified soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization using delta C-13, and determined root and shoot biomass. SOM mineralization increased in response to elevated CO2 by 83-218% (P < 0.0001). In addition, soil redox potential was significantly and positively correlated with root biomass (P = 0.003). Our results (1) show that there is a positive feedback between elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and wetland SOM decomposition and (2) suggest that this process is mediated by the release of oxygen from the roots of wetland plants. Because this feedback may occur in any wetland system, including peatlands, these results suggest a limitation on the size of the carbon sink presented by anaerobic wetland soils in a future elevated-CO2 atmosphere. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Wolf, AA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Herrin Hall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM megonigalp@si.edu NR 39 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 13 IS 9 BP 2036 EP 2044 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01407.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 207AA UT WOS:000249222800016 ER PT J AU Mckee, KL Cahoon, DR Feller, IC AF Mckee, Karen L. Cahoon, Donald R. Feller, Ilka C. TI Caribbean mangroves adjust to rising sea level through biotic controls on change in soil elevation SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE accretion; decomposition; elevation change; habitat stability; Holocene; nutrients; radiocarbon; Rhizophora; subsidence ID VS. PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; SURFACE ELEVATION; C-14 DATES; FORESTS; BELIZE; PEAT; VEGETATION; GRADIENT; COLLAPSE; TSUNAMI AB Aim The long-term stability of coastal ecosystems such as mangroves and salt marshes depends upon the maintenance of soil elevations within the intertidal habitat as sea level changes. We examined the rates and processes of peat formation by mangroves of the Caribbean Region to better understand biological controls on habitat stability. Location Mangrove-dominated islands on the Caribbean coasts of Belize, Honduras and Panama were selected as study sites. Methods Biological processes controlling mangrove peat formation were manipulated (in Belize) by the addition of nutrients (nitrogen or phosphorus) to Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove), and the effects on the dynamics of soil elevation were determined over a 3-year period using rod surface elevation tables (RSET) and marker horizons. Peat composition and geological accretion rates were determined at all sites using radiocarbon-dated cores. Results The addition of nutrients to mangroves caused significant changes in rates of mangrove root accumulation, which influenced both the rate and direction of change in elevation. Areas with low root input lost elevation and those with high rates gained elevation. These findings were consistent with peat analyses at multiple Caribbean sites showing that deposits (up to 10 m in depth) were composed primarily of mangrove root matter. Comparison of radiocarbon-dated cores at the study sites with a sea-level curve for the western Atlantic indicated a tight coupling between peat building in Caribbean mangroves and sea-level rise over the Holocene. Main conclusions Mangroves common to the Caribbean region have adjusted to changing sea level mainly through subsurface accumulation of refractory mangrove roots. Without root and other organic inputs, submergence of these tidal forests is inevitable due to peat decomposition, physical compaction and eustatic sea-level rise. These findings have relevance for predicting the effects of sea-level rise and biophysical processes on tropical mangrove ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Mckee, KL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM karen_mckee@usgs.gov RI McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014; OI McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 49 TC 167 Z9 174 U1 10 U2 116 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 16 IS 5 BP 545 EP 556 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00317.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 203FA UT WOS:000248959300001 ER PT J AU Candela, D Huan, C Facto, K Wang, R Mair, RW Walsworth, RL AF Candela, D. Huan, C. Facto, K. Wang, R. Mair, R. W. Walsworth, R. L. TI NMR measurements of grain and gas motion in a gas-fluidized granular bed SO GRANULAR MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Granular Materials in Lunar and Martian Exploration CY FEB, 2005 CL Cape Canaveral, FL DE granular; fluidized bed; NMR; hyperpolarized gas AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments are described for gas-fluidized granular beds, which are important systems for many materials-processing operations. Using pulsed field gradient, magnetic resonance imaging, and hyperpolarized gas NMR, detailed information is obtained for the density and motions of both grains and interstitial gas. In particular, dynamic correlations in the grain density are used to measure the bubble velocity and hyperpolarized xenon gas NMR is used to measure the bubble-emulsion exchange rate. A goal of these measurements is to verify in earth gravity first-principles theories of granular flows. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Candela, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM candela@physics.umass.edu RI Huan, Chao/F-4735-2014 OI Huan, Chao/0000-0002-0696-4412 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-7636 J9 GRANUL MATTER JI Granul. Matter PD SEP PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 331 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s10035-007-0045-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 204BY UT WOS:000249019100005 ER PT J AU Lampert, KP Bernal, XE Rand, AS Mueller, UG Ryan, MJ AF Lampert, Kathrin P. Bernal, Ximena E. Rand, A. Stanley Mueller, Ulrich G. Ryan, Michael J. TI Island populations of Physalaemus pustulosus: History influences genetic diversity and morphology SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE dispersal; genetic drift; heterozygosity; inbreeding; microsatellite markers; population genetics ID TUNGARA FROG; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; RANA-TEMPORARIA; BOTTLENECKS; SIZE; RELATEDNESS; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; ALLOZYME; BIRD AB Island populations are convenient models of large-scale evolutionary processes and provide natural replicates of evolution. Recently founded island populations also provide an opportunity to study populations derived from few individuals, and these populations, in particular, often show rapid diversification. Here we report morphological and molecular data for the tungara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus, from three different islands of Panama: Coiba, a large island with a rather old tungara frog population; Isla Grande, a small island with a fairly recent population of tungara frogs, and Barro Colorado Island (BCI), a large island artificially created by flooding to form the Panama Canal about 100 yr ago. Frogs from the two natural islands, but not those from BCI, were significantly larger than frogs from the mainland, which is consistent with the "island rule" stating that small species on islands tend to be larger while large species tend to be smaller than their mainland relatives. Genetic diversity, estimated from allelic richness at seven microsatellite loci, was drastically reduced in the Isla Grande population, whereas heterozygosity was not reduced. This result suggests that this island population of frogs went through a severe and recent bottleneck. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Lampert, KP (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Dept Physiol Chem 1, Biozentrum, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM kathrin.lampert@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 EI 1938-5099 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD SEP PY 2007 VL 63 IS 3 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1655/0018-0831(2007)63[311:IPOPPH]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 220CA UT WOS:000250133300008 ER PT J AU DeVorkin, DH AF DeVorkin, David H. TI The cosmic century: A history of astrophysics and cosmology SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP DeVorkin, DH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD SEP PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 661 EP 662 DI 10.1086/524276 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 219MK UT WOS:000250089100067 ER PT J AU Gerardo, NM Caldera, EJ AF Gerardo, Nicole M. Caldera, Eric J. TI Labile associations between fungus-growing ant cultivars and their garden pathogens SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Escovopsis; genotype-genotype specificity; Attini; AFLPs; host parasite interactions; Apterostigma ID COMPARATIVE POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; LEAF-CUTTING ANTS; LOCAL ADAPTATION; MICROBE SYMBIOSIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; HOST; PARASITE; COEVOLUTION; EVOLUTION AB The distribution of genetic and phenotypic variation in both hosts and parasites over their geographic ranges shapes coevolutionary dynamics. Specifically, concordant host and parasite distributions facilitate localized adaptation and further specialization of parasite genotypes on particular host genotypes. We here compare genetic population structure of the cultivated fungi of the fungus-growing ant Apterostigma dentigerum and of the cultivar-attacking fungus, Escovopsis, to determine whether these microbial associations have evolved or are likely to evolve genotype genotype specialization. Analyses based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping of host cultivars and pathogenic Escovopsis from 77 A. dentigerum colonies reveal that populations of hosts and pathogens are not similarly diverged and that host and pathogen genetic distances are uncorrelated, indicating that genetically similar parasites are not infecting genetically similar hosts. Microbial bioassays between pathogens and cultivars of different genotypes and from different populations show little pairwise specificity; most Escovopsis strains tested can successfully infect all cultivar strains with which they are paired. These molecular and experimental data suggest that Escovopsis genotypes are not tightly tracking cultivar genotypes within the A. dentigerum system. The diffuse nature of this host-pathogen association, in which pathogen genotypes are not interacting with a single host genotype but instead with many different hosts, will influence evolutionary and ecological disease dynamics of the fungus-growing ant-microbe symbiosis. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Zool, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Bacteriol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Patterson Labs, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Gerardo, NM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, POB 210088, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ngerardo@email.arizona.edu NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 5 BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1038/ismej.2007.57 PG 12 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 211KD UT WOS:000249521800001 PM 18043657 ER PT J AU Boesch, JM Sanchez, C Murray, S AF Boesch, Jordyn M. Sanchez, Carlos Murray, Suzan TI What is your diagnosis? SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SMALL-CLAWED OTTERS; AONYX-CINEREA; UROLITHIASIS C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Anim Hlth, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Boesch, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 231 IS 5 BP 697 EP 698 DI 10.2460/javma.231.5.697 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 206SD UT WOS:000249202300014 PM 17764425 ER PT J AU Bernstein, B AF Bernstein, Bruce TI Fine Indian jewelry of the southwest: The Millicent Rogers Museum collection SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Bernstein, B (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA DEPT ANTHROPOLOGY, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1561 USA SN 0091-7710 J9 J ANTHROPOL RES JI J. Anthropol. Res. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 63 IS 3 BP 430 EP 431 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 216TD UT WOS:000249901000021 ER PT J AU Leonard, JA Shanks, O Hofreiter, M Kreuz, E Hodges, L Ream, W Wayne, RK Fleischer, RC AF Leonard, Jennifer A. Shanks, Orin Hofreiter, Michael Kreuz, Eva Hodges, Larry Ream, Walt Wayne, Robert K. Fleischer, Robert C. TI Animal DNA in PCR reagents plagues ancient DNA research SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sus scrofa; Bos taurus; Gallus gallus; deoxynucleoside triphosphates ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; STONE TOOLS; SUS-SCROFA; WILD BOAR; SEQUENCE; POPULATIONS; DOMESTICATION; AMPLIFICATION; EXTRACTS AB Molecular archaeology brings the tools of molecular biology to bear on fundamental questions in archaeology, anthropology, evolution, and ecology. Ancient DNA research is becoming widespread as evolutionary biologists and archaeologists discover the power of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify DNA from ancient plant and animal remains. However, the extraordinary susceptibility of PCR to contamination by extraneous DNA is not widely appreciated. We report the independent observation of DNA from domestic animals in PCR reagents and ancient samples in four separate laboratories. Since PCR conditions used in ancient DNA analyses are extremely sensitive, very low concentrations of contaminating DNA can cause false positives. Previously unidentified animal DNA in reagents can confound ancient DNA research on certain domestic animals, especially cows, pigs, and chickens. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Genet Program, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. RP Leonard, JA (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Norbyvagen 18D, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. EM jennifer.leonard@ebc.uu.se RI Leonard, Jennifer/A-7894-2010; Hofreiter, Michael/A-3996-2017 OI Leonard, Jennifer/0000-0003-0291-7819; Hofreiter, Michael/0000-0003-0441-4705 NR 38 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1361 EP 1366 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2006.10.023 PG 6 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 195JN UT WOS:000248408600003 ER PT J AU Forchler, MI Kalko, EKV AF Foerchler, Marc Imanuel Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Geographical differentiation, acoustic adaptation and species boundaries in mainland citril finches and insular Corsican finches, superspecies Carduelis [citrinella] SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE acoustic adaptation; Carduelis citrinella; Carduelis corsicanus; citril finch; Corsican finch; island population; pre-mating isolation; speciation; species recognition; vocalization ID SERINUS-CITRINELLA; SONG DIALECTS; BIRD-SONG; EVOLUTION; HABITAT; SIGNAL; COMMUNICATION; VOCALIZATIONS; DEGRADATION; PROPAGATION AB Aim In birds, differentiation of acoustic characters is an important mechanism of reproductive isolation that may lead to an ethological-acoustic barrier, resulting in the formation of new species. We examined acoustic variation in mainland citril and insular Corsican finch populations, with the aim of assessing the degree of acoustic differentiation between both members of the superspecies Carduelis [citrinella] and documenting possible variation between local subpopulations that are geographically isolated. Location We chose study sites throughout the geographical ranges of citril and Corsican finches. For the citril finch, we obtained samples from the Black Forest (Germany), the Cevennes (France) and the Pyrenees (Spain); for the Corsican finch, we obtained samples from the islands Capraia and Sardinia (Italy) and Corsica (France). Methods We analysed frequent contact calls and elements of the perch song. Vocalization patterns of the study populations were compared by means of discriminant and hierarchical cluster analyses. Results There were significant differences in vocalization characteristics of perch songs and contact calls, which permitted unambiguous discrimination of citril and Corsican finch populations. However, we also detected significant differences in contact calls between mainland citril finch subpopulations. There was a pattern of clinal variation in vocalization: short, steeply modulated signals in the northern part of the geographical range (Black Forest) and long, shallowly modulated signals in the southern part (Pyrenees). Main conclusions Acoustically, mainland citril and insular Corsican finches separate well in their contact calls and perch songs. However, variation in the two vocalization patterns between subpopulations of mainland citril finches indicates that acoustic characteristics can evolve very quickly, not only on islands but also on the mainland. Local habitat differences may play a crucial role in the rapid evolution of these signals under full or partial isolation of small subpopulations. To judge the importance of signal variation as a pre-mating isolating barrier, future studies will have to determine whether members of the distinct subpopulations are able to match their signals to each other if they re-meet, and whether intraspecific species recognition is still possible. C1 Inst Avian Res, D-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Forchler, MI (reprint author), Inst Avian Res, An Vogelwarte 21, D-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. EM marc.foerschler@ifv.terramare.de NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1591 EP 1600 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01722.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 205CZ UT WOS:000249092100009 ER PT J AU Ellwood, NTW Turner, BL Haile, SM Whitton, BA AF Ellwood, Neil T. W. Turner, Benjamin L. Haile, Susan M. Whitton, Brian A. TI Seasonal changes in the surface phosphatase kinetics of aquatic mosses in northern England SO JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aquatic bryophytes; organic phosphate; Fontinalis antipyretica; Rhynchostegium riparioides; streams; phosphomonoesterase; phosphodiesterase; two-phase kinetics ID OUSE RIVER SYSTEM; UPPER TEESDALE; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; GROWTH; PHOSPHOMONOESTERASE; BRYOPHYTES; LAKE AB The widespread occurrence of surface phosphatase activity in aquatic mosses, presumably synthesized to utilize organic phosphates in the environment, suggests the likelihood of strategies to optimize this process. Here we report seasonal changes in the kinetics of surface phosphatase in six moss populations, representing four species (Fontinalis antipyretica, Fontinalis squamosa, Rhynchostegium riparioides and Warnstorfia fluitans) from N. E. England. Kinetic parameters of shoots assayed within a few hours of sampling from the streams showed a summer/autumn increase in K(m) and V(max) corresponding to seasonal decrease in phosphate supply. The detection of phosphomonoesterases and phosphodiesterases with both low and high substrate affinities in all the populations studied confirms the widespread existence of this phenomenon in mosses. Similar two-phase kinetics were found for clonal, axenic isolates of two of the species (Rhynchostegium and Warnstorfia), indicating that any influence of epiphytes on the results with stream material was negligible. The seasonal changes in the kinetic parameters indicate that surface phosphatase activity is a dynamic response to seasonal changes in nutrient supply and/or requirement. C1 Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Newcastle Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Adv Mat, Merz Court, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Sci Geol, I-00146 Rome, Italy. RP Ellwood, NTW (reprint author), Univ Durham, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM ellwood@uniroma3.it; TurnerBL@si.edu; s.m.haile@ncl.ac.uk; b.a.whitton@durham.ac.uk RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Haile, Sossina/I-3448-2015 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0373-6687 J9 J BRYOL JI J. Bryol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 29 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1179/174328207X227384 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 228ZT UT WOS:000250771800005 ER PT J AU Parmentier, I Malhi, Y Senterre, B Whittaker, RJ Alonso, A Balinga, MPB Bakayoko, A Bongers, F Chatelain, C Comiskey, JA Cortay, R Kamdem, MND Doucet, JL Gautier, L Hawthorne, WD Issembe, YA Kouame, FN Kouka, LA Leal, ME Lejoly, J Lewis, SL Nusbaumer, L Parren, MPE Peh, KSH Phillips, OL Sheil, D Sonke, B Sosef, MSM Sunderland, TCH Stropp, J Ter Steege, H Swaine, MD Tchouto, MGP van Gemerden, BS van Valkenburg, JLCH Woll, H AF Parmentier, Ingrid Malhi, Yadvinder Senterre, Bruno Whittaker, Robert J. Alonso, Alfonso Balinga, Michael P. B. Bakayoko, Adama Bongers, Frans Chatelain, Cyrille Comiskey, James A. Cortay, Renaud Kamdem, Marie-Noel Djuikouo Doucet, Jean-Louis Gautier, Laurent Hawthorne, William D. Issembe, Yves A. Kouame, Francois N. Kouka, Lazare A. Leal, Miguel E. Lejoly, Jean Lewis, Simon L. Nusbaumer, Louis Parren, Marc P. E. Peh, Kelvin S. -H. Phillips, Oliver L. Sheil, Douglas Sonke, Bonaventure Sosef, Marc S. M. Sunderland, Terry C. H. Stropp, Juliana Ter Steege, Hans Swaine, Mike D. Tchouto, M. G. P. van Gemerden, Barend S. van Valkenburg, Johan L. C. H. Woell, Hannsjoerg CA ATDN TI The odd man out? Might climate explain the lower tree alpha-diversity of African rain forests relative to Amazonian rain forests? SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Africa; Amazonia; biodiversity; biogeography; climate; comparative analysis; diversity theory; Fisher's alpha; tree alpha diversity; tropical forest ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; TROPICAL FORESTS; GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY; EQUATORIAL AFRICA; RED HERRINGS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; SCALE; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION AB 1. Comparative analyses of diversity variation among and between regions allow testing of alternative explanatory models and ideas. Here, we explore the relationships between the tree alpha-diversity of small rain forest plots in Africa and in Amazonia and climatic variables, to test the explanatory power of climate and the consistency of relationships between the two continents. 2. Our analysis included 1003 African plots and 512 Amazonian plots. All are located in old-growth primary non-flooded forest under 900 m altitude. Tree alpha-diversity is estimated using Fisher's alpha calculated for trees with diameter at breast height >= 10 cm. Mean diversity values are lower in Africa by a factor of two. 3. Climate-diversity analyses are based on data aggregated for grid cells of 2.5 x 2.5 km. The highest Fisher's alpha values are found in Amazonian forests with no climatic analogue in our African data set. When the analysis is restricted to pixels of directly comparable climate, the mean diversity of African forests is still much lower than that in Amazonia. Only in regions of low mean annual rainfall and temperature is mean diversity in African forests comparable with, or superior to, the diversity in Amazonia. 4. The climatic variables best correlated with the tree alpha-diversity are largely different in the African and Amazonian data, or correlate with African and Amazonian diversity in opposite directions. 5. These differences in the relationship between local/landscape-scale alpha-diversity and climate variables between the two continents point to the possible significance of an array of factors including: macro-scale climate differences between the two regions, overall size of the respective species pools, past climate variation, other forms of long-term and short-term environmental variation, and edaphics. We speculate that the lower alpha-diversity of African lowland rain forests reported here may be in part a function of the smaller regional species pool of tree species adapted to warm, wet conditions. 6. Our results point to the importance of controlling for variation in plot size and for gross differences in regional climates when undertaking comparative analyses between regions of how local diversity of forest varies in relation to other putative controlling factors. C1 Univ Libre Brussels, Lab Bot Systemat & Phytosociol, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Oxford, Oxford Univ Ctr Environm, Biodivers Res Grp, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. Smithsonian Inst, S Dillon Ripley Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Forest Resources & People, Limbe, Cameroon. Ctr Suisse Rech Sci Cote Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Univ Abobo Adjame, UFR Sci Nat, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Conservatoire & Jardin Botan Ville Geneve, CH-1292 Chambesy, Switzerland. Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania Natl Mil Pk, Fredericksburg, VA 22405 USA. Univ Yaounde, Ecole Normale Super Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon. Fac Univ Sci Agronom, Unit Gest Ressources Forestieres & Mailieux Nat, Lab Foresterie Reg Tropicales & Subtropicales, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. Inst Rech Ecol Tropicale, Libreville, Gabon. Univ Cocody, Lab Botan, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Earth & Biosphere Inst, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Forestry Commiss, Validat Legal Timber Programme, Accra, Ghana. Ctr Int Forestry Res, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia. Natl Herbarium Netherlands Wageningen Univ Branch, Biosyst Grp, NL-6703 BL Wageningen, Netherlands. Inst Environm Biol, Sect Plant Ecol & Biodivers, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Natl Herbarium Nederland Utrecht Branch, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. Conservat Dept BirdLife Netherlands, NL-3700 AX Zeist, Netherlands. Plant Protect Serv, NL-6700 HC Wageningen, Netherlands. Wageningen Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Parmentier, I (reprint author), Univ Libre Brussels, Lab Bot Systemat & Phytosociol, Cp 169,50 Av FD Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM inparmen@ulb.ac.be RI Oktafian, Yuan/C-2541-2008; Sabatier, Daniel/D-9117-2011; ter Steege, Amaz/B-5866-2011; Sheil, Douglas/H-1466-2012; Peh, Kelvin/C-3408-2013; Molino, Jean-Francois/C-5011-2009; Phillips, Oliver/A-1523-2011; Sheil, Douglas/A-3867-2015; Whittaker, Robert/H-1548-2015; OI ter Steege, Amaz/0000-0002-8738-2659; Peh, Kelvin/0000-0002-2921-1341; Molino, Jean-Francois/0000-0001-8853-7133; Phillips, Oliver/0000-0002-8993-6168; Sheil, Douglas/0000-0002-1166-6591; Whittaker, Robert/0000-0001-7775-3383; hawthorne, william/0000-0002-6926-1722 NR 77 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-0477 EI 1365-2745 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1058 EP 1071 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01273.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 206EM UT WOS:000249166700016 ER PT J AU Cardini, A Thorington, RW Polly, PD AF Cardini, A. Thorington, R. W., Jr. Polly, P. D. TI Evolutionary acceleration in the most endangered mammal of Canada: speciation and divergence in the Vancouver Island marmot (Rodentia, Sciuridae) SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytochrome b; endangered species; evolutionary acceleration; morphology; neutral model; selection ID MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS; DNA BARCODES; PHYLOGENY; CONSERVATION; SIZE; DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATIONS; REVOLUTION; ONTOGENY AB The Vancouver Island marmot is the most endangered mammal of Canada. Factors which have brought this population to the verge of extinction have not yet been fully elucidated, but the effects of deforestation and habitat fragmentation on survival rates, as well as those of variation in rainfall, temperature, snowpack depth and snowmelt strongly suggest that marmots on the island are struggling to keep pace with environmental changes. Genetic analyses, however, seem to indicate that the Vancouver Island marmot may merely represent a melanistic population of its parental species on the mainland. Were it not for its black pelage colour, it is unlikely that it would have attracted much attention as a conservation priority. Our study uses three-dimensional coordinates of cranial landmarks to further assess phenotypic differentiation of the Vancouver Island marmot. A pattern of strong interspecific divergence and low intraspecific variation was found which is consistent with aspects of drift-driven models of speciation. However, the magnitude of shape differences relative to the putatively neutral substitutions in synonymous sites of cytochrome b is too large for being compatible with a simple neutral model. A combination of bottlenecks and selective pressures due to natural and human-induced changes in the environment may offer a parsimonious explanation for the large phenotypic differentiation observed in the species. Our study exemplifies the usefulness of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of biological diversity for a better understanding of evolutionary models and to discover aspects of diversity that may be undetected by using only a few genetic markers to characterize population divergence and uniqueness. C1 Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Mammals, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Cardini, A (reprint author), Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Univ 4, I-41100 Modena, Italy. EM alcardini@interfree.it RI cardini, andrea/G-9951-2011; OI cardini, andrea/0000-0003-2910-632X; Polly, P. David/0000-0001-7338-8526 NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1833 EP 1846 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01398.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 206EH UT WOS:000249166200020 PM 17714301 ER PT J AU Torres-Carvajal, O AF Torres-Carvajal, Omar TI Heterogeneous growth of marginal teeth in the black iguana Ctenosaura similis (Squamata : Iguania) SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PECTINATA AB Marginal teeth of iguanine lizards have been studied to some extent, but some aspects of tooth growth remain poorly known. Growth of marginal teeth in Ctenosaura similis is described based on examination of 22 dry skulls. The number of premaxillary teeth remains constant; the number of maxillary and mandibular teeth increases allometrically; and there is no correlation between number of pterygoid teeth and size. Ontogenetic changes in tooth morphology probably are related to ontogenetic shifts in diet. Larger individuals have large fanglike anterior marginal teeth, which might represent an adaptation for consumption of fleshy plant material and occasional carnivory. Other genera of iguanine lizards are primarily herbivorous throughout life; thus, carnivory and the related ontogenetic changes in tooth morphology are derived features within the iguanine clade. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Torres-Carvajal, O (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, MRC 162, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 528 EP 531 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[528:HGOMTI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 212SN UT WOS:000249617200022 ER PT J AU Zhang, XL Shu, DG Erwin, DH AF Zhang, X.-L. Shu, D.-G. Erwin, D. H. TI Cambrian naraoiids (arthropoda): Morphology, ontogeny, systematics, and evolutionary relationships SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BURGESS SHALE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOUTH CHINA; CHENGJIANG LAGERSTATTE; SEGMENT NUMBER; FOSSIL RECORD; SW CHINA; TRILOBITE; PRESERVATION; FAUNA AB Naraoiids, defined as lightly sclerotized arthropods with a dimidiate tergum of two sclerites separated by a single transverse articulation, have been found in the Cambrian and Silurian. During the Cambrian they had a wide distribution coinciding with trilobite realms. This pattern may be related to the breakup of a Neoproterozoic supercontinent, probably Pannotia, which implies that naraoiids originated before the Cambrian "explosion." Based on new observations on the original material from the Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian, British Columbia), Naraoia halia is reconsidered as a valid species. The validity is further confirmed by a new record of the occurrence of this species in the Chengjiang Lagerstatte (Lower Cambrian, China). In addition, some structures of N. compacta of the Burgess Shale have been reinterpreted. Two more naraoiid species are redescribed in detail from the Chengjiang Lagerstatte on the basis of more than 1,000 well-preserved specimens. Naraoia spinosa shows dimorphism and Misszhouia longicaudata exhibits geographical variation in the overall shape of the dorsal exoskeleton. Naraoiids may have a protaspis-like larva, but the previously assigned protaspis has proven to be a separate taxon, Primicaris. In dorsal view, naraoiids resemble a giant "degree 0" meraspis (i.e., without thorax), and could have originated from different heterochronic processes, neoteny or hypermorphosis. Naraoiids are generally accepted as vagrant benthos. A predatory/scavenging life mode is supported by functional morphology and recent analogues. A healed injury in M. longicaudata suggests that they could be the prey of larger predators, most likely anomalocaridids. We suggest that differences in exopod composition might represent evolutionary changes through the Early-Middle Cambrian. The monophyly of the Naraoiidae is not firmly established. Similarity to liwiids, supposed to be the close relatives of naraoiids, is limited to overall shape. We exclude naraoiids from the Trilobita, though there do exist a number of similarities between them. C1 NW Univ Xian, Dept Geol, Xian 710069, Peoples R China. NW Univ Xian, Key Lab Continental Dyanam, China Educ Minst, Xian 710069, Peoples R China. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Zhang, XL (reprint author), NW Univ Xian, Dept Geol, Xian 710069, Peoples R China. EM xlzhang@pub.xaonline.com; erwind@si.edu RI Erwin, Douglas/A-9668-2009 NR 170 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 81 IS 5 SU S BP 1 EP 52 DI 10.1666/06-082.1 PN 2 PG 52 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 213UG UT WOS:000249692000001 ER PT J AU Taylor, L AF Taylor, Lonn TI Looking for authenticity in today's west SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009, MANHATTAN, KS 66505-1009 USA SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD FAL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 252WK UT WOS:000252477500001 ER PT J AU Citino, SB Bush, M AF Citino, Scott B. Bush, Mitchell TI Reference cardiopulmonary physiologic parameters for standing, unrestrained white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE arterial blood gases; blood pressure; Ceratotherium sinium; normal cardiopulmonary values; physiology; white rhinoceros ID CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION; HORSES; ANESTHESIA; VALUES AB Chemical restraint is an important tool for the management and medical care of both captive and free-ranging rhinoceroses. Current anesthetic protocols for the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) are reported to cause varying degrees of hypertension, tachycardia, muscular stiffness and fasciculation, acidosis, and, most importantly, respiratory depression with resulting hypoventilation, hypoxia, and hypercapnea. To assist in the assessment and development of new and improved anesthetic techniques for the white rhinoceros, the following cardiopulmonary reference parameters for standing, unrestrained white rhinoceroses were generated (mean +/- standard error [minimum maximum]): heart rate 39 +/- 0.8 beats/min (32-42), respiratory rate 19 +/- 0.6 breaths/min (16-23), corrected indirect systolic blood pressure = 160 +/- 2.9 mm Hg (146-183), corrected indirect diastolic blood pressure = 104 +/- 2.3 mm Hg (88-117), corrected indirect mean blood pressure = 124 +/- 2.2 mm Hg (108-135), end tidal CO2 = 45.1 +/- 0.7 mm Hg (41.7-48.0), rectal temperature = 36.8 +/- 0.1 degrees C (36.6-37.2), arterial blood pH = 7.391 +/- 0.007 (7.346-7.431), arterial partial pressure of oxygen = 98.2 +/- 1.4 mm Hg (90.2-108.6), arterial partial pressure of CO2 = 49.0 +/- 0.9 mm Hg (44.4-53.7), base excess = 3.5 +/- 0.4 mmol/L (1.9-5.9), bicarbonate = 29.3 +/- 0.4 mmol/L (27.3-32.2), and arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2) = 97.2 +/- 0.1% (96.6-98.0). C1 Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Consevat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Citino, SB (reprint author), White Oak Conservat Ctr, 581705 White Oak Rd, Yulee, FL 32097 USA. EM scottc@wogilman.com NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1638/2006-0007R1.1 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 210LC UT WOS:000249456700001 PM 17939345 ER PT J AU Rutzler, K Duran, S Piantoni, C AF Rutzler, Klaus Duran, Sandra Piantoni, Carla TI Adaptation of reef and mangrove sponges to stress: evidence for ecological speciation exemplified by Chondrilla caribensis new species (Demospongiae, Chondrosida) SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th European Marine Biology Symposium CY AUG 20-25, 2005 CL Univ Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Univ Vienna, Dept Marine Biol, ProMare HO Univ Vienna DE Caribbean Sea; Chondrilla caribensis new species; Chondrilla nucula; morphological and molecular characteristics; Porifera ecology; salinity; sedimentation; temperature ID MARINE SPONGES; CARIBBEAN MANGROVE; PORIFERA; VARIABILITY; MORPHOLOGY; PREDATORS; FISHES; NUCULA AB Sponges (Porifera) in mangroves have adapted to a wide range of environmental parameters except for extended periods of exposure to freshwater or air. Many marine mangrove islands are located in the shallow backwaters of coral reefs in Belize and elsewhere in the Caribbean and have a mean tidal range of only 15 cm. They are densely populated by sponges, mostly attached to subtidal red-mangrove stilt roots and peat banks lining tidal channels. Some species are endemic to mangroves, others are immigrants from nearby reefs. Mangrove endemics endure environmental hardships, such as occasional exposure to air during spring tides, temperature and salinity extremes, fine sediments, even burial in detritus. Reef immigrants into mangroves enjoy protection from spongivores that do not stray into the swamp but they eventually succumb to environmental stress. There is evidence exemplified by the common demosponge Chondrilla aff. nucula, that sponges flourishing in both mangrove and reef habitats may develop separate ecologically specialized and reproductively isolated populations. Such processes can lead to genetic modifications and thus serve as mechanisms for ecological speciation. Because Chondrilla nucula Schmidt was first described from the Mediterranean Sea, it was long suspected that the western Atlantic population may be a separate species. New morphological and molecular evidence prompt us to describe it under a new name, Chondrilla caribensis, with two ecological forms, forma caribensis from mangroves and lagoons, and forma hermatypica from open reefs. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL USA. RP Rutzler, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM ruetzler@si.edu OI Piantoni, Carla/0000-0002-1201-0041 NR 61 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-9565 EI 1439-0485 J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 28 SU 1 BP 95 EP 111 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 211HH UT WOS:000249514400012 ER PT J AU Marvin, UB AF Marvin, Ursula B. TI Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756-1827) and the origins of modern meteorite research SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID HISTORY; CHONDRITE; MARS AB In 1794, Ernst F. F. Chladni published a 63-page book, Uber den Ursprung der von Pallas gefundenen and anderer ihr anlicher Eisenmassen and uber einige damit in herbindung stehende Naturerscheinungen, in which he proposed that meteor-stones and iron masses enter the atmosphere from cosmic space and form fireballs as they plunge to Earth. These ideas violated two strongly held contemporary beliefs: 1) fragments of rock and metal do not fall from the sky, and 2) no small bodies exist in space beyond the Moon. From the beginning, Chladni was severely criticized for basing his hypotheses on historical eyewitness reports of falls, which others regarded as folk tales, and for taking gross liberties with the laws of physics. Ten years later, the study of fallen stones and irons was established as a valid field of investigation. Today, some scholars credit Chladni with founding meteoritics as a science; others regard his contributions as scarcely worthy of mention. Writings by his contemporaries suggest that Chladni's book alone would not have led to changes of prevailing theories; thus, he narrowly escaped the fate of those scientists who propose valid hypotheses prematurely. However, between 1794 and 1798, four falls of stones were witnessed and widely publicized. There followed a series of epoch-making analyses of fallen stones and "native irons" by the chemist Edward C. Howard and the mineralogist Jacques-Louis de Bournon. They showed that all the stones were much alike, in texture and composition but significantly different from the Earth's known crustal rocks. Of primary importance was Howard's discovery of nickel in the irons and the metal grains of the stones. This linked the two as belonging to the same natural phenomenon. These chemical results, published in February 1802, persuaded some of the leading scientists in England, France, and Germany that bodies do fall from the sky. Within a few months, chemists in France reported similar results and a new field of study was inaugurated internationally, although opposition lingered on until April 1803, when nearly 3,000 stones fell at L'Aigle in Normandy and transformed the last skeptics into believers. Chladni immediately received full credit for his hypothesis of falls, but decades passed before his linking of falling bodies with fireballs received general acceptance. His hypothesis of their origin in cosmic space met with strong resistance from those who argued that stones formed within the Earth's atmosphere or were ejected by lunar volcanoes. After 1860, when both of these hypotheses were abandoned, there followed a century of debate between proponents of an interstellar versus a planetary origin. Not until the 1950s did conclusive evidence of their elliptical orbits establish meteorite parent bodies as members of the solar system. Thus, nearly 200 years passed before the questions of origin that Chladni raised finally were resolved. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Marvin, UB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM umarvin@cfa.harvard.edu NR 222 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 42 SU S BP B3 EP B68 PG 66 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 247OF UT WOS:000252088500001 ER PT J AU Schneps, MH Rose, LT Fischer, KW AF Schneps, Matthew H. Rose, L. Todd Fischer, Kurt W. TI Visual Learning and the Brain: Implications for Dyslexia SO MIND BRAIN AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA; LETTER IDENTIFICATION; READING-DISABILITY; PERIPHERAL-VISION; CONJUNCTION SEARCHES; SPATIAL ATTENTION; EYE-MOVEMENTS; FIELD; ECCENTRICITY; READERS AB The central and peripheral visual fields are structurally segregated in the brain and are differentiated by their anatomical and functional characteristics. While the central field appears well suited for tasks such as visual search, the periphery is optimized for rapid processing over broad regions. People vary in their abilities to make use of information in the center versus the periphery, and we propose that this bias leads to a trade-off between abilities for sequential search versus contemporaneous comparisons. The parameter of periphery-to-center ratio (PCR) describes the degree of peripheral bias, which evidence suggests is high in many people with dyslexia. That is, many dyslexics favor the peripheral visual field over the center, which results in not only search deficits but also (more surprisingly) talents for visual comparison. The PCR framework offers a coherent explanation for these seemingly contradictory observations of both deficit and talent in visual processing. The framework has potential implications for instructional support in visually intensive domains such as science and mathematics. C1 [Schneps, Matthew H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Sci Educ Dept, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rose, L. Todd; Fischer, Kurt W.] Harvard Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schneps, MH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Sci Educ Dept, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mschneps@cfa.harvard.edu NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1751-2271 J9 MIND BRAIN EDUC JI Mind Brain Educ. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 128 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1751-228X.2007.00013.x PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Developmental SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA V15NH UT WOS:000207808200003 ER PT J AU Kidwell, PA AF Kidwell, Peggy Aldrich TI Complexities: Women in mathematics SO MINERVA LA English DT Book Review C1 Amer Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, MRC671, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kidwell, PA (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, MRC671, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM kidwellp@si.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0026-4695 J9 MINERVA JI Minerva PD SEP PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s11024-007-9053-z PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; History & Philosophy Of Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; History & Philosophy of Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 207PQ UT WOS:000249263500012 ER PT J AU Chesser, RT Barker, FK Brumfield, RT AF Chesser, R. Terry Barker, F. Keith Brumfield, Robb T. TI Fourfold polyphyly of the genus formerly known as Upucerthia, with notes on the systematics and evolution of the avian subfamily Furnariinae SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Upucerthia; furnariidae; Ochetorhynchus; Chilia; Eremobius; systematics; polyphyly; ovenbirds; andes ID LENGTH DIFFERENCE TEST; PHYLOGENETIC TREE SELECTION; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; SEQUENCE DATA; INCONGRUENCE; INFERENCE; DNA; CONGRUENCE; CONFIDENCE; LIMITS AB The traditional avian subfamily Furnariinae, a group of terrestrial ovenbirds typical of the Andean and Patagonian arid zones, consists of the genera Furnarius, Cinclodes, Geositta, Upucerthia, Chilia, and Eremobius. We investigated phylogenetic relationships within the Furnariinae, with particular attention to the nine species of the genus Upucerthia, using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from all genera in the subfamily. Upucerthia was found to be highly polyphyletic, its constituent species forming four non-sister clades: (1) a basal lineage consisting of two Upucerthia species, U ruficaudus and U. andaecola, as well as the monotypic genera Eremobius and Chilia: (2) a lineage consisting of U harterti and U certhioides, two species behaviorally divergent from other Upucerthia species; (3) a lineaae consisting of U serrana, which is not closely related to any other Upucerthia species; and (4) a lineage, sister to Cinclodes, consisting of the four Upucerthia species U dumetaria, U albigula. U ualidirostris, and U jelskii. The larger Furnariinae was also found to be highly polyphyletic; the terrestrial open country ecotype characteristic of this subfamily occurs in four unrelated clades in the family Furnariidae. including a basal lineage as well as derived lineages. Although the large degree of divergence among Upucerthia clades was not previously recognized, owing to ecological, behavioral, and morphological similarities, the groupings correspond closely to relationships suggested by plumage. This is in contrast to studies of other avian genera in which plumage patterns have been shown to be extensively convergent. The generic names Upucerthia and Ochetorhynchus are available for two of the former Upucerthia clades; new generic names may be warranted for the other two. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ornithol, New York, NY 10024 USA. Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Chesser, RT (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Terry_Chesser@usgs.gov RI Barker, Keith/K-2795-2012; OI Barker, Keith/0000-0001-7488-2470; Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688 NR 49 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1320 EP 1332 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.014 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 215YR UT WOS:000249845400028 PM 17632018 ER PT J AU Ho, WCG AF Ho, Wynn C. G. TI Constraining the geometry of the neutron star RX J1856.5-3754 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE polarization; stars : individual; RX J1856; 5-3754; stars : magnetic fields; stars : neutron; stars : rotation; X-rays : stars ID STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELDS; X-RAY-EMISSION; THERMAL-RADIATION; RX J1856.5-3754; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; QUARK STARS; XMM-NEWTON; POLARIZATION; SURFACES; SPECTRA AB RXJ1856.5- 3754 is one of the brightest, nearby isolated neutron stars ( NSs), and considerable observational resources have been devoted to its study. In previous work, we found that our latest models of a magnetic, hydrogen atmosphere match well the entire spectrum, from X- rays to optical ( with best- fitting NS radius R approximate to 14 km, gravitational redshift z(g) similar to 0.2, and magnetic field B approximate to 4 x 10(12) G). A remaining puzzle is the non- detection of rotational modulation of the X- ray emission, despite extensive searches. The situation changed recently with XMM Newton observations that uncovered 7- s pulsations at the approximate to 1 per cent level. By comparing the predictions of our model ( which includes simple dipolar- like surface distributions of magnetic field and temperature) with the observed brightness variations, we are able to constrain the geometry of RX J1856.5- 3754, with one angle < 6 degrees. and the other angle approximate to 20 degrees - 45 degrees, though the solutions are not definitive, given the observational and model uncertainties. These angles indicate a close alignment between the rotation and the magnetic axes or between the rotation axis and the observer. We discuss our results in the context of RX J1856.5- 3754 being a normal radio pulsar and a candidate for observation by future X- ray polarization missions such as Constellation- X or XEUS. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ho, WCG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wynnho@slac.stanford.edu NR 64 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 380 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12043.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209YC UT WOS:000249422900024 ER PT J AU Rucinski, SM Kuschnig, R Matthews, JM Dimitrov, W Pribulla, T Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Sasselov, D Walker, GAH Weiss, WW AF Rucinski, Slavek M. Kuschnig, Rainer Matthews, Jaymie M. Dimitrov, Wojtek Pribulla, Theodor Guenther, David B. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Sasselov, Dimitar Walker, Gordon A. H. Weiss, Werner W. TI Discovery of the strongly eccentric, short-period binary nature of the B-type system HD 313926 by the MOST satellite SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; stars : evolution; stars : individual; HD 313926 ID SKY AUTOMATED SURVEY; ECLIPSING BINARIES; CATALOG; STARS; PHOTOMETRY; SPACE AB The MOST photometric space mission discovered an eclipsing binary among its guide stars in 2006 June which combines a relatively large eccentricity e = 0.20 with an orbital period of only 2.27 d. HD 313926 appears to consist of two early-type stars of spectral type B3-B7. It has the largest eccentricity among known early-type binaries with periods less than 3.5 d. Despite the large components indicated by its spectral type and light curve model, and its short period, the orbit of HD 313926 has not yet circularized so it is probably very young, even compared with other young B stars. C1 Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Astron Observ, PL-60286 Poznan, Poland. Slovak Acad Sci, Astron Inst, Tatranska Lomnica 05960, Slovakia. St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Computat Astrophys, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Astron Observ Mt Megant, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Kuschnig, R (reprint author), Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, POB 360, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. EM rucinski@astro.utoronto.ca NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 380 IS 1 BP L63 EP L66 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00349.x PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209YC UT WOS:000249422900014 ER PT J AU Forman, W Jones, C Churazov, E Bohringer, H Eilek, J Owen, F AF Forman, W. Jones, C. Churazov, E. Boehringer, H. Eilek, J. Owen, F. TI Outbursts from supermassive black holes SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA B-GENERAL PHYSICS RELATIVITY ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS AND METHODS LA English DT Article ID RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; GASEOUS ATMOSPHERE; RADIATIVE FEEDBACK; M87; SCALE; GAS; CONSTRAINTS; CONDUCTION; EVOLUTION AB The study of hot gaseous atmospheres in clusters, groups; and early-type galaxies has progressed dramatically from their initial discovery. X-ray cluster studies are providing cosmological constraints that complement observations at; other wavelengths. In addition, clusters, and their lower-mass cousins, groups and early-type galaxies, are yielding insights into the interactions between supermassive black-holes outbursts and the surrounding atmospheres. In the X-ray images, we detect cavities; filaments, and shocks, all related to SMBH outbursts. C1 [Forman, W.; Jones, C.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. [Churazov, E.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow V71, Russia. [Churazov, E.] MPI Astrophys, Garching, Germany. [Boehringer, H.] MPI Extraterrestr Phys, Garching, Germany. [Eilek, J.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM USA. [Owen, F.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Forman, W (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA USA. RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; OI Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 FU NASA; SAO; IKI; MPA; MPE; NRAO; New Mexico Tech FX The authors acknowledge support from the NASA; SAO; IKI, MPA, MPE, NRAO, and New Mexico Tech. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1594-9982 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO B JI Nouvo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. B-Gen. Phys. Relativ. Astron. Math. Phys. Methods PD SEP-NOV PY 2007 VL 122 IS 9-11 BP 985 EP 991 DI 10.1393/ncb/i2008-10456-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 345GZ UT WOS:000258985600009 ER PT J AU Munguia, P Mackie, C Levitan, DR AF Munguia, Pablo Mackie, Coleman Levitan, Don R. TI The influence of stage-dependent dispersal on the population dynamics of three amphipod species SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE metapopulation; benthic invertebrates; life history stage; abundance-distribution relationship ID SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; LARVAL DISPERSAL; COMMUNITY; PATTERNS; METACOMMUNITIES; IMMIGRATION; RECRUITMENT; MAINTENANCE AB In metapopulations, the maintenance of local populations can depend on source-sink dynamics, where populations with positive growth rate seed populations with negative growth rate. The pattern and probability of successful dispersal among habitats can therefore be crucial in determining whether local populations will become rare or increase in abundance. We present here data on the dispersal strategy and population dynamics of three marine amphipods living in pen shells (Atrina rigida) in the Gulf of Mexico. The three amphipod species in this study disperse at different life stages. Neomegamphopus hiatus and Melita nitida disperse as adults, while Bemlos unicornis disperses as juveniles. The two species that disperse as adults have the highest initial population sizes when a new shell becomes available, likely caused by the arriving females releasing their brood into these recently occupied shells. This dispersal pattern results in initially higher population growth, but fewer occupied shells, as noted by their clumped distribution. In contrast, the species that disperses as juveniles accumulates more slowly and more evenly across habitats, eventually dominating the other two in terms of numerical abundance. The metapopulation dynamics of the three species seems to be highly dependent on the life history stage involved in dispersal. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Munguia, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM munguiap@si.edu RI Munguia, Pablo/D-8653-2012; OI Munguia, Pablo/0000-0002-9900-2123 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2007 VL 153 IS 3 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0762-7 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 201DP UT WOS:000248812000004 PM 17554564 ER PT J AU Feller, IC Chamberlain, A AF Feller, Ilka C. Chamberlain, Anne TI Herbivore responses to nutrient enrichment and landscape heterogeneity in a mangrove ecosystem SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aratus pisonii; Belize; leaf miners; loss of yield; Rhizophora mangle ID VS. PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; WOOD-BORING INSECTS; TOP-DOWN; BOTTOM-UP; FEEDING PREFERENCES; RHIZOPHORA MANGLE; TROPICAL FOREST; SALT MARSHES; FOOD WEBS; PATTERNS AB Complex gradients in forest structure across the landscape of offshore mangrove islands in Belize are associated with nutrient deficiency and flooding. While nutrient availability can affect many ecological processes, here we investigate how N and P enrichment interact with forest structure in three distinct zones (fringe, transition, dwarf) to alter patterns of herbivory as a function of folivory, loss of yield, and tissue mining. The effects of nutrient addition and zone varied by functional feeding group or specific herbivore. Folivory ranged from 0 to 0.4% leaf area damaged per month, but rates did not vary by either nutrient enrichment or zone. Leaf lifetime damage ranged from 3 to 10% of the total leaf area and was caused primarily by the omnivorous tree crab Aratus pisonii. We detected two distinct spatial scales of response by A. pisonii that were unrelated to nutrient treatment, i.e., most feeding damage occurred in the fringe zone and crabs fed primarily on the oldest leaves in the canopy. Loss of yield caused by the bud moth Ecdytolopha sp. varied by zone but not by nutrient treatment. A periderm-mining Marmara sp. responded positively to nutrient enrichment and closely mirrored the growth response by Rhizophora mangle across the tree height gradient. In contrast, a leaf-mining Marmara sp. was controlled by parasitoids and predators that killed > 89% of its larvae. Thus, nutrient availability altered patterns of herbivory of some but not all mangrove herbivores. These findings support the hypothesis that landscape heterogeneity of the biotic and abiotic environment has species-specific effects on community structure and trophic interactions. Predicting how herbivores respond to nutrient over-enrichment in mangrove ecosystems also requires an assessment of habitat heterogeneity coupled with feeding strategies and species-specific behavior measured on multiple scales of response. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Feller, IC (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM felleri@si.edu OI Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 71 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2007 VL 153 IS 3 BP 607 EP 616 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0760-9 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 201DP UT WOS:000248812000012 PM 17566784 ER PT J AU Lovelock, CE Feller, IC Ellis, J Schwarz, AM Hancock, N Nichols, P Sorrell, B AF Lovelock, Catherine E. Feller, Ilka C. Ellis, Joanne Schwarz, Ann Maree Hancock, Nicole Nichols, Pip Sorrell, Brian TI Mangrove growth in New Zealand estuaries: the role of nutrient enrichment at sites with contrasting rates of sedimentation SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Avicenna marina; leaf area index; nutrient resorption efficiency; photosynthesis; soil respiration; Waikopua; Whangapoua ID VS. PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; RHIZOPHORA-MANGLE; PLANT-GROWTH; CARBON; NITROGEN; FOREST; PERFORMANCE; DEPOSITION; HERBIVORY; ECOSYSTEM AB Mangrove forest coverage is increasing in the estuaries of the North Island of New Zealand, causing changes in estuarine ecosystem structure and function. Sedimentation and associated nutrient enrichment have been proposed to be factors leading to increases in mangrove cover, but the relative importance of each of these factors is unknown. We conducted a fertilization study in estuaries with different sedimentation histories in order to determine the role of nutrient enrichment in stimulating mangrove growth and forest development. We expected that if mangroves were nutrient-limited, nutrient enrichment would lead to increases in mangrove growth and forest structure and that nutrient enrichment of trees in our site with low sedimentation would give rise to trees and sediments that converged in terms of functional characteristics on control sites in our high sedimentation site. The effects of fertilizing with nitrogen (N) varied among sites and across the intertidal zone, with enhancements in growth, photosynthetic carbon gain, N resorption prior to leaf senescence and the leaf area index of canopies being significantly greater at the high sedimentation sites than at the low sedimentation sites, and in landward dwarf trees compared to seaward fringing trees. Sediment respiration (CO2 efflux) was higher at the high sedimentation site than at the low one sedimentation site, but it was not significantly affected by fertilization, suggesting that the high sedimentation site supported greater bacterial mineralization of sediment carbon. Nutrient enrichment of the coastal zone has a role in facilitating the expansion of mangroves in estuaries of the North Island of New Zealand, but this effect is secondary to that of sedimentation, which increases habitat area and stimulates growth. In estuaries with high sediment loads, enrichment with N will cause greater mangrove growth and further changes in ecosystem function. C1 Univ Queensland, Ctr MArine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 20132 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Lovelock, CE (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr MArine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM c.lovelock@uq.edu.au RI Sorrell, Brian/L-1351-2013; Lovelock, Catherine/G-7370-2012; OI Sorrell, Brian/0000-0002-2460-8438; Lovelock, Catherine/0000-0002-2219-6855; Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 44 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD SEP PY 2007 VL 153 IS 3 BP 633 EP 641 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 201DP UT WOS:000248812000015 PM 17492316 ER PT J AU Royer, DL Sack, L Wilf, P Lusk, CH Jordan, GJ Niinemets, U Wright, IJ Westoby, M Cariglino, B Coley, PD Cutter, AD Johnson, KR Labandeira, CC Moles, AT Palmer, MB Valladares, F AF Royer, Dana L. Sack, Lawren Wilf, Peter Lusk, Christopher H. Jordan, Gregory J. Niinemets, Ulo Wright, Ian J. Westoby, Mark Cariglino, Barbara Coley, Phyllis D. Cutter, Asher D. Johnson, Kirk R. Labandeira, Conrad C. Moles, Angela T. Palmer, Matthew B. Valladares, Fernando TI Fossil leaf economics quantified: calibration, Eocene case study, and implications SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-INSECT ASSOCIATIONS; RAIN-FOREST TREES; TROPICAL TREE; LIFE-SPAN; DATA SET; TRAITS; LEAVES; CLIMATE; ECOSYSTEMS; SIZE AB Leaf mass per area (M-A) is a central ecological trait that is intercorrelated with leaf life span, photosynthetic rate, nutrient concentration, and palatability to herbivores. These coordinated variables form a globally convergent leaf economics spectrum, which represents a general continuum running from rapid resource acquisition to maximized resource retention. Leaf economics are little studied in ancient ecosystems because they cannot be directly measured from leaf fossils. Here we use a large extant data set (65 sites; 667 species-site pairs) to develop a new, easily measured scaling relationship between petiole width and leaf mass, normalized for leaf area; this enables M-A estimation for fossil leaves from petiole width and leaf area, two variables that are commonly measurable in leaf compression floras. The calibration data are restricted to woody angiosperms exclusive of monocots, but a preliminary data set (25 species) suggests that broad-leaved gymnosperms exhibit a similar scaling. Application to two well-studied, classic Eocene floras demonstrates that M-A can be quantified in fossil assemblages. First, our results are consistent with predictions from paleobotanical and paleoclimatic studies of these floras. We found exclusively low-M-A species from Republic (Washington, U.S.A., 49 Ma), a humid, warm-temperate flora with a strong deciduous component among the angiosperms, and a wide M-A range in a seasonally dry, warm-temperate flora from the Green River Formation at Bonanza (Utah, U.S.A, 47 Ma), presumed to comprise a mix of short and long leaf life spans. Second, reconstructed M-A in the fossil species is negatively correlated with levels of insect herbivory, whether measured as the proportion of leaves with insect damage, the proportion of leaf area removed by herbivores, or the diversity of insect-damage morphotypes. These correlations are consistent with herbivory observations in extant floras and they reflect fundamental trade-offs in plant-herbivore associations. Our results indicate that several key aspects of plant and plant-animal ecology can now be quantified in the fossil record and demonstrate that herbivory has helped shape the evolution of leaf structure for millions of years. C1 Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Sch Plant Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Denver Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. CSIC, Ctr Ciencias Medioambientales, E-27006 Madrid, Spain. RP Royer, DL (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM droyer@wesleyan.edu RI Niinemets, Ulo/A-3816-2008; Sack, Lawren/A-5492-2008; Moles, Angela/C-3083-2008; Cutter, Asher/A-5647-2009; Jordan, Gregory/B-3932-2013; Wright, Ian/G-4979-2012; Valladares, Fernando/K-9406-2014; OI Niinemets, Ulo/0000-0002-3078-2192; Sack, Lawren/0000-0002-7009-7202; Moles, Angela/0000-0003-2041-7762; Jordan, Gregory/0000-0002-6033-2766; Wright, Ian/0000-0001-8338-9143; Valladares, Fernando/0000-0002-5374-4682; Royer, Dana/0000-0003-0976-953X NR 76 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0094-8373 EI 1938-5331 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD FAL PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 574 EP 589 DI 10.1666/07001.1 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 225VN UT WOS:000250546400005 ER PT J AU Verbruggen, H Littler, DS Littler, MM AF Verbruggen, Heroen Littler, Diane S. Littler, Mark M. TI Halimeda pygmaea and Halimeda pumila(Bryopsidales,Chlorophyta): two new dwarf species from fore reef slopes in Fiji and the Bahamas SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE anatomy; bryopsidales; Halimeda cryptica; Halimeda pumila; Halimeda pygmaea; molecular phylogeny; morphology; taxonomy; tufA ID SAN-SALVADOR ISLAND; CORAL-REEFS; CHLOROPHYTA; BRYOPSIDALES; TAXONOMY; PHYLOGENIES; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CAULERPALES; BOUNDARIES; LINEAGES AB Halimeda pygmaea and Halimeda pumila, two diminutive calcified green algal species, are described from material collected on Fijian and Bahamian reef slopes, respectively. The species resemble Halimeda cryptica in having a single siphon traversing the nodes between subsequent calcified segments and living in sheltered fore-reef slope habitats. They differ from H. cryptica by their diminutive size and various anatomical features. Molecular sequence data (tyfA) underpin the identity of H. pygmaea and reveal its phylogenetic position as a sister taxon to H. cryptica in the Halimeda section Micronesicae. C1 Univ Ghent, Phycol Res Grp, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Ghent, Ctr Mol Phylogenet & Evolut, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Verbruggen, H (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Phycol Res Grp, Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM heroen.verbruggen@ugent.be RI Verbruggen, Heroen/C-6951-2009 OI Verbruggen, Heroen/0000-0002-6305-4749 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD SEP PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.2216/07-01.1 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 208XX UT WOS:000249353600003 ER PT J AU Cappellaro, P Ramanathan, C Cory, DG AF Cappellaro, P. Ramanathan, C. Cory, D. G. TI Dynamics and control of a quasi-one-dimensional spin system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM NMR; CLUSTERS; CHAINS AB We study experimentally a system comprised of linear chains of spin-1/2 nuclei that provides a test bed for multibody dynamics and quantum-information processing. This system is a paradigm for a class of quantum-information processing devices that can perform particular tasks even without universal control of the whole quantum system. We investigate the extent of control achievable on the system with current experimental apparatus and methods to gain information on the system state, when full tomography is not possible and in any case highly inefficient. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Cappellaro, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar/C-5207-2008; Cappellaro, Paola/B-1413-2010 OI Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar/0000-0002-7457-3608; Cappellaro, Paola/0000-0003-3207-594X NR 38 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 032317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.032317 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 215CN UT WOS:000249786000059 ER PT J AU Wang, T Yelin, SF AF Wang, T. Yelin, S. F. TI Fast mode of rotated atoms in one-dimensional lattice rings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD ATOMS; FERMI GAS AB We study the rotation of atoms in one-dimensional lattice rings. In particular, the "fast mode," where the ground-state atoms rotate faster than the stirring rotating the atoms, is studied both analytically and numerically. The conditions for the transition to the fast mode are found to be very different from those in continuum rings. We argue that these transition frequencies remain unchanged for bosonic condensates described in a mean field. We show that fermionic interactions and filling factors have a significant effect on the transition to the fast mode and the Pauli principle may suppress it altogether. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 033619 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.033619 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 215CN UT WOS:000249786000140 ER PT J AU Kohri, K Takayama, F AF Kohri, Kazunori Takayama, Fumihiro TI Big bang nucleosynthesis with long-lived charged massive particles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID COLD DARK-MATTER; PRIMORDIAL HELIUM ABUNDANCE; COSMOLOGICAL BARYON DENSITY; HEAVY STABLE PARTICLES; BLUE COMPACT GALAXIES; HALO STARS; DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE; LIGHT-ELEMENTS; SEA-WATER; Q-BALL AB We consider big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) with long-lived charged massive particles. Before decaying, the long-lived charged particle recombines with a light element to form a bound state like a hydrogen atom. This effect modifies the nuclear-reaction rates during the BBN epoch through the modifications of the Coulomb field and the kinematics of the captured light elements, which can change the light element abundances. It is possible for heavier nuclei abundances such as Li-7 and Be-7 to decrease sizably, while the ratios Y-p, D/H, and He-3/H remain unchanged. This may solve the current discrepancy between the BBN prediction and the observed abundance of Li-7. If future collider experiments find signals of a long-lived charged particle inside the detector, the information of its lifetime and decay properties could provide insights into not only the particle physics models but also the phenomena in the early Universe, in turn. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Comp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst High Energy Phenomenol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kohri, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Comp, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 160 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.063507 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 215CW UT WOS:000249786900028 ER PT J AU O'Leary, RM O'Shaughnessy, R Rasio, FA AF O'Leary, Ryan M. O'Shaughnessy, Richard Rasio, Frederic A. TI Dynamical interactions and the black-hole merger rate of the Universe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DENSE STAR-CLUSTERS; MASS FUNCTION; RUNAWAY COLLISIONS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; EVOLUTION; SEGREGATION; POPULATION; COALESCENCES; DISRUPTION; GALAXIES AB Binary black holes can form efficiently in dense young stellar clusters, such as the progenitors of globular clusters, via a combination of gravitational segregation and cluster evaporation. We use simple analytic arguments supported by detailed N-body simulations to determine how frequently black holes born in a single stellar cluster should form binaries, be ejected from the cluster, and merge through the emission of gravitational radiation. We then convolve this "transfer function" relating cluster formation to black-hole mergers with (i) the distribution of observed cluster masses and (ii) the star formation history of the Universe, assuming that a significant fraction g(cl) of star formation occurs in clusters and that a significant fraction g(evap) of clusters undergo this segregation and evaporation process. We predict future ground-based gravitational wave detectors could observe similar to 500(g(cl)/0.5)(g(evap)/0.1) double black-hole mergers per year, and the presently operating LIGO interferometer would have a chance (50%) at detecting a merger during its first full year of science data. More realistically, advanced LIGO and similar next-generation gravitational wave observatories provide unique opportunities to constrain otherwise inaccessible properties of clusters formed in the early Universe. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP O'Leary, RM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM roleary@cfa.harvard.edu; oshaughn@northwestern.edu; rasio@northwestern.edu OI O'Shaughnessy, Richard/0000-0001-5832-8517 NR 43 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 061504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.061504 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 215CW UT WOS:000249786900008 ER PT J AU Vigneron, JP Pasteels, JM Windsor, DM Vertesy, Z Rassart, M Seldrum, T Dumont, J Deparis, O Lousse, V Biro, LP Ertz, D Welch, V AF Vigneron, Jean Pol Pasteels, Jacques M. Windsor, Donald M. Vertesy, Zofia Rassart, Marie Seldrum, Thomas Dumont, Jacques Deparis, Olivier Lousse, Virginie Biro, Laszlo P. Ertz, Damien Welch, Victoria TI Switchable reflector in the Panamanian tortoise beetle Charidotella egregia (Chrysomelidae : Cassidinae) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB The tortoise beetle Charidotella egregia is able to modify the structural color of its cuticle reversibly, when disturbed by stressful external events. After field observations, measurements of the optical properties in the two main stable color states and scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope investigations, a physical mechanism is proposed to explain the color switching of this insect. It is shown that the gold coloration displayed by animals at rest arises from a chirped multilayer reflector maintained in a perfect coherent state by the presence of humidity in the porous patches within each layer, while the red color displayed by disturbed animals results from the destruction of this reflector by the expulsion of the liquid from the porous patches, turning the multilayer into a translucent slab that leaves an unobstructed view of the deeper-lying, pigmented red substrate. This mechanism not only explains the change of hue but also the change of scattering mode from specular to diffuse. Quantitative modeling is developed in support of this analysis. C1 Fac Univ Notre Dame Paix, Dept Phys, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Lab Etho Ecol Evolut, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 401, Panama. Res Inst Tech Phys & Mat Sci, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Natl Botan Garden Belgium, B-1860 Meise, Belgium. RP Vigneron, JP (reprint author), Fac Univ Notre Dame Paix, Dept Phys, 61 Rue Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. EM jean-pol.vigneron@fundp.ac.be RI Biro, Laszlo/A-3057-2010; Vertesy, Zofia/A-9638-2011; Dumont, Jacques/C-3906-2011; OI Biro, Laszlo Peter/0000-0001-7261-0420 NR 34 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 031907 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.031907 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 215CL UT WOS:000249785800087 PM 17930271 ER PT J AU Killian, TC Pattard, T Pohl, T Rost, JM AF Killian, T. C. Pattard, T. Pohl, T. Rost, J. M. TI Ultracold neutral plasmas SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review ID ONE-COMPONENT-PLASMA; CRYSTALLIZED ION PLASMAS; STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMAS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DENSE IONIZED MATTER; HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; YUKAWA SYSTEMS; 3-BODY RECOMBINATION; RYDBERG ATOMS; COULOMB CRYSTALLIZATION AB Ultracold neutral plasmas formed by photoionizing laser-cooled atoms near the ionization threshold have electron temperatures in the 1-1000 K range and ion temperatures from tens of millikelvin to a few Kelvin. They represent a new frontier in the study of neutral plasmas, which traditionally deals with much hotter systems, but they also blur the boundaries of plasma, atomic, condensed matter, and low temperature physics. Modeling these plasmas challenges computational techniques and theories of non-equilibrium systems, so the field has attracted great interest from the theoretical and computational physics communities. By varying laser intensities and wavelengths it is possible to accurately set the initial plasma density and energy, and charged-particle-detection and optical diagnostics allow precise measurements for comparison with theoretical predictions. Recent experiments using optical probes demonstrated that ions in the plasma equilibrate in a strongly coupled fluid phase. Strongly coupled plasmas, in which the electrical interaction energy between charged particles exceeds the average kinetic energy, reverse the traditional energy hierarchy underlying basic plasma concepts such as Debye screening and hydrodynamics. Equilibration in this regime is of particular interest because it involves the establishment of spatial correlations between particles, and it connects to the physics of the interiors of gas-giant planets and inertial confinement fusion devices. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. APS Editorial Off, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Dresden, Germany. RP Killian, TC (reprint author), Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM Killian@rice.edu RI Pohl, Thomas/B-5133-2013; OI Pattard, Thomas/0000-0002-2276-5173; Rost, Jan M./0000-0002-8306-1743 NR 179 TC 177 Z9 178 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 449 IS 4-5 BP 77 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.physrep.2007.04.007 PG 54 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 205IZ UT WOS:000249108500001 ER PT J AU Yoo, KO Wen, J AF Yoo, K.-O. Wen, J. TI Phylogeny of Carpinus and subfamily Coryloideae (Betulaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal sequence data SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Betulaceae; Carpinus; Coryloideae; chloroplast DNA; nrDNA; phylogeny ID NORTH-AMERICA; CORYLUS BETULACEAE; DNA-SEQUENCES; INFERENCE; EVOLUTION; AMPLIFICATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; REGIONS; TREES; GENUS AB Phylogenetic studies were conducted for Carpinus and the subfamily Coryloideae (Betulaceae) using sequences of the chloroplast matK gene, the trnL-trnF region (trnL intron, and trnL [UAA] 3' exon-trnF [GAA] intergenic spacer) and the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer, and the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions. The combined analyses of the three chloroplast regions suggest that Coryloideae is monophyletic; Ostryopsis is sister to the Carpinus - Ostrya clade; Corylus is monophyletic and sister to the Ostrya - Carpinus - Ostryopsis clade; Ostrya is paraphyletic; and within Carpinus, species of sect. Carpinus from eastern Asia form a monophyletic group, whereas the positions of C. betulus from Europe and C. caroliniana from eastern North America are unresolved within the Carpinus clade. The cpDNA tree generated in this study is largely congruent with the previously published ITS results, but the ITS tree places Carpinus sect. Distegocarpus as sister to the Ostrya - Carpinus sect. Carpinus clade. Future work is needed to examine the relationships within the Ostrya - Carpinus clade, evaluate the generic status of Ostrya, and test the phylogenetic position of Ostryopsis. C1 Kangwon Natl Univ, Div Life Sci, Chunchon, South Korea. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolut Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Wen, J (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Div Life Sci, Chunchon, South Korea. EM yooko@kangwon.ac.kr; wenj@si.edu NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 267 IS 1-4 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s00606-007-0533-2 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 210MP UT WOS:000249460600003 ER PT J AU Nie, ZL Wen, J Sun, H AF Nie, Z.-L. Wen, J. Sun, H. TI Phylogeny and biogeography of Sassafras (Lauraceae) disjunct between eastern Asia and eastern North America SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE disjunction; eastern Asia; eastern North America; Lauraceae; Sassafras; Taiwan ID NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR DIVERGENCE; LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; EVOLUTIONARY TREES; LITSEA COMPLEX; POTOMAC GROUP; SEQUENCES; CHLOROPLAST; TAIWAN AB Sassafras (Lauraceae) consists of three species disjunct between eastern Asia (S. tzumu and S. randaiense) and eastern North America (S. albidum). Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS and three chloroplast non-coding regions (rpl16, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH) showed that Sassafras is monophyletic and that the eastern North American S. albidum is sister to the clade of its two eastern Asian counterparts. Their intercontinental divergence was estimated to be 13.80 +/- 2.29-16.69 +/- 2.52 million years ago (mya) using the penalized likelihood method with the ITS and three chloroplast markers. Biogeographic analyses combined with fossil evidence suggest that Sassafras has a relict distribution in the Northern Hemisphere without a Gondwanan link. The divergence time of the two eastern Asian species (the continental Chinese Sassafras tzumu and S. randaiense endemic to Taiwan) is estimated to be 0.61 +/- 0.75-2.23 +/- 0.76 mya. Sassafras randaiense from Taiwan was most likely derived from an ancestor from continental China. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolut Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Nie, ZL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming, Peoples R China. EM wenj@si.edu RI Nie, Ze-Long/N-8471-2015 OI Nie, Ze-Long/0000-0001-8065-3981 NR 72 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 267 IS 1-4 BP 191 EP 203 DI 10.1007/s00606-007-0550-1 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 210MP UT WOS:000249460600016 ER PT J AU Wortley, AH Funk, VA Robinson, H Skvarla, JJ Blackmore, S AF Wortley, Alexandra H. Funk, V. A. Robinson, Harold Skvarla, John J. Blackmore, Stephen TI A search for pollen morphological synapomorphies to classify rogue genera in Compositae (Asteraceae) SO REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Meeting of the International-Compositae-Alliance CY JUL, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Int Compositae Alliance DE classification; molecular data; morphological data; palynology; problem genera; systematics ID CAERULEA L COMPOSITAE; MALE GERM UNIT; VERNONIEAE ASTERACEAE; MUTISIEAE ASTERACEAE; CHLOROPLAST DNA; LACTUCEAE; TRIBE; NDHF; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Focusing on Compositae, this paper highlights and exemplifies the range of questions to which pollen morphology may contribute in the investigation of problematic taxa. Using a literature survey and new palynological data from LM and SEM studies, the pollen of a number of "rogue genera" was described and compared with that of potential related taxa in Compositae. Rogue genera are defined as taxa that have traditionally been difficult to classify, usually having highly divergent macro-morphological characters compared to the rest of Compositae. They include genera of known tribe but unknown position within that tribe and genera or small tribes of uncertain position in Compositae, as well as taxa that have recently been placed using molecular data but whose morphology continues to intrigue synantherologists. In the majority of cases, palynology was found to provide new sets of characters which could be compared to the robust hypothesis of relationships shown in the recent DNA-based supertree. Pollen variously provided support and diagnostic characters for some groups (e.g. Hesperomannia, Hoplophyllum, Eremothamnus, Tarchonantheae, Corymbieae and Gymnarrheneae), suggested some possible affinities for taxa currently excluded from phylogenetic studies using DNA (such as Moquinia, Catananche, Pacourina and Platycarpha), or to some degree contradicted existing phylogenies (e.g. Gundelia and Warionia), suggesting areas for future research. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Royal Bot Gardens, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, US Natl Herbarium, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Samuel Roberts Noble Microscopy Lab, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Oklahoma City, OK 73019 USA. RP Wortley, AH (reprint author), Royal Bot Gardens, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Midlothian, Scotland. EM a.wortley@rbge.ac.uk NR 93 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0034-6667 J9 REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO JI Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 146 IS 1-4 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2007.03.003 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA 220SH UT WOS:000250177100008 ER PT J AU Saltonstall, K AF Saltonstall, Kristin TI Comparison of morphological variation indicative of ploidy level in Phragmites australis (Poaceae) from eastern North America SO RHODORA LA English DT Article DE common reed; invasive plant; guard cell size; polyploidy; stomatal density; wetland ID CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS; GENETIC-VARIATION; ISOZYME VARIATION; TIDAL MARSHES; STOMATAL SIZE; COMMON REED; POPULATIONS; POLYPLOIDY; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS AB Variation in ploidy levels in Phragmites australis is a well-documented phenomenon although North American populations are less studied than European ones. It has been suggested, based on morphological measurements, that native and introduced P. australis subspecies in North America represent different ploidy levels. The objectives of this study were to assess whether guard cell size and stomatal density, morphological differences indicative of variation in ploidy level between native and introduced P. australis, are truly associated with different ploidy levels as measured by flow cytometry. Significant differences in guard cell size and stomatal densities were found between subspecies, with native plants having larger guard cells and lower stomatal density. However, no differences in 2C DNA content were found. Although these morphological measurements are significantly correlated with subspecies and can be added to the list of useful morphological characters distinguishing the two subspecies, it does not appear that they are accurate indicators of ploidy levels. Potential implications of these differences on the invasion biology of introduced P. australis are discussed. C1 [Saltonstall, Kristin] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RP Saltonstall, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. EM kristin.saltonstall@aya.yale.edu NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB INC PI LAWRENCE PA P.O. BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0035-4902 J9 RHODORA JI Rhodora PD FAL PY 2007 VL 109 IS 940 BP 415 EP 429 DI 10.3119/0035-4902(2007)109[415:COMVIO]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 249BC UT WOS:000252200700004 ER PT J AU Samper, C AF Samper, Cristian TI Object lessons (Smithsonian Early Enrichment Center) SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Samper, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD SEP PY 2007 VL 38 IS 6 BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 203EM UT WOS:000248957900020 ER PT J AU Helmuth, L AF Helmuth, Laura TI Shell fame - Aaron O'Dea SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 SMITHSONIAN, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Helmuth, L (reprint author), SMITHSONIAN, Washington, DC 20001 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD FAL PY 2007 SI SI BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 217VY UT WOS:000249976600012 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Newman, S Cheesman, AW Reddy, KR AF Turner, Benjamin L. Newman, Susan Cheesman, Alexander W. Reddy, K. Ramesh TI Sample pretreatment and phosphorus speciation in wetland soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; NUTRIENT-ENRICHMENT GRADIENT; AIR-DRIED SOILS; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; NORTHERN EVERGLADES; EXTRACTION; FORMS; ASSIGNMENTS; PERIPHYTON; SEDIMENTS AB We assessed the influence of sample pretreatment on the amounts and forms of P extracted in NaOH-EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) from a series of contrasting wetland soils from the Florida Everglades. Samples of unconsolidated benthic floc and underlying soil (0-10 cm) were extracted either fresh (overnight refrigeration only), air dried (10 d at similar to 30 degrees C, or frozen at -80 degrees C and lyophilized (similar to 48 h), before extraction and solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Significant differences in total P extraction following pretreatment were detected for one out of four benthic floc samples and three out of four soil samples, although the changes were inconsistent: in two cases the total P extraction increased, while in two others it decreased. Assessment of the P composition by solution 31]? NMR spectroscopy revealed differences among treatments, although these were mostly within the range of error associated with replicate analyses; however, DNA was not detected in a fresh sample of calcareous benthic floc, despite representing an important component of the organic P extracted from dried samples. The apparent sample-specific nature of the changes confirms the importance of carefully assessing pretreatment effects in studies of soil organic P in wetlands. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. S Florida Water Management Dist, Everglades Div, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Wetland Biogeochem Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM turnerbl@si.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Cheesman, Alexander/H-5918-2013 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Cheesman, Alexander/0000-0003-3931-5766 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1538 EP 1546 DI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0017 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 206HK UT WOS:000249174300015 ER PT J AU Yeates, AR Mackay, DH van Ballegooijen, AA AF Yeates, A. R. Mackay, D. H. van Ballegooijen, A. A. TI Modelling the global solar corona: Filament chirality observations and surface simulations SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : magnetic field; Sun : corona; Sun : prominences ID MAGNETIC-FLUX TRANSPORT; HEMISPHERIC PATTERN; FIELD; SUN; CYCLE; PROMINENCES; EVOLUTION; CHANNELS; POLARITY; STARS AB The hemispheric pattern of solar filaments is considered in the context of the global magnetic field of the solar corona. In recent work Mackay and van Ballegooijen have shown how, for a pair of interacting magnetic bipoles, the observed chirality pattern could be explained by the dominant range of bipole tilt angles and helicity in each hemisphere. This study aims to test this earlier result through a direct comparison between theory and observations, using newly developed simulations of the actual surface and 3D coronal magnetic fields over a 6-month period, on a global scale. We consider two key components: (1) observations of filament chirality for the sample of 255 filaments and (2) our new simulations of the large-scale surface magnetic field. Based on a flux-transport model, these will be used as the lower boundary condition for the future 3D coronal simulations. Our technique differs significantly from those of other authors, where the coronal field is either assumed to be purely potential or has to be reset back to potential every 27 days for the photospheric field to remain accurate. In our case we ensure accuracy by the insertion of newly emerging bipolar active regions, based on observed photospheric synoptic magnetograms. The large-scale surface field is shown to remain accurate over the 6-month period, without any resetting. This new technique will enable future simulations to consider the long-term buildup and transport of helicity and shear in the coronal magnetic field over many months or years. C1 Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Yeates, AR (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM anthony@mcs.st-and.ac.uk RI Yeates, Anthony/D-1338-2014; OI Yeates, Anthony/0000-0002-2728-4053; van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 46 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 245 IS 1 BP 87 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s11207-007-9013-7 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 220DA UT WOS:000250135900007 ER PT J AU Mcculloh, KA Winter, K Meinzer, FC Garcia, M Aranda, J Lachenbruch, B AF Mcculloh, Katherine A. Winter, Klaus Meinzer, Frederick C. Garcia, Milton Aranda, Jorge Lachenbruch, Barbara TI A, comparison of daily water use estimates derived from constant-heat sap-flow probe values and gravimetric measurements in pot-grown saplings SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calophyllum longifolium; Granier sensors; Pseudobombax; septenatum; variable length probes; validation ID HYDRAULIC REDISTRIBUTION; SOIL-WATER; NEOTROPICAL SAVANNA; DESERT PHREATOPHYTE; DISSIPATION PROBES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TREE ROOTS; OLD-GROWTH; FOREST; TRANSPIRATION AB Use of Granier-style heat dissipation sensors to measure sap flow is common in plant physiology, ecology and hydrology. There has been concern that any change to the original Granier design invalidates the empirical relationship between sap flux density and the temperature difference between the probes. Here, we compared daily water use estimates from gravimetric measurements with values from variable length heat dissipation sensors, which are a relatively new design. Values recorded during a one-week period were compared for three large pot-grown saplings of each of the tropical trees Pseudobonibax septenatum (Jacq.) Dugand and Calophyllum longifolium Willd. For five of the six individuals, P values from paired t-tests comparing the two methods ranged from 0.12 to 0.43 and differences in estimates of total daily water use over the week of the experiment averaged < 3%. In one P. septena-turn sapling, the sap flow sensors underestimated water use relative to the gravimetric measurements. This discrepancy could have been associated with naturally occurring gradients in temperature that reduced the difference in temperature between the probes, which would have caused the sensor method to underestimate water use. Our results indicate that substitution of variable length heat dissipation probes for probes of the original Granier design did not invalidate the empirical relationship determined by Granier between sap flux density and the temperature difference between probes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Forestry Sci Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mcculloh, KA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kate.mcculloh@oregonstate.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 15 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1355 EP 1360 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 213PG UT WOS:000249679000014 PM 17545135 ER PT J AU Griffing, SM Kilpatrick, AM Clark, L Marra, PP AF Griffing, Sean M. Kilpatrick, A. Marm Clark, Larry Marra, Peter P. TI Mosquito landing rates on nesting American robins (Turdus migratorius) SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cutex; modeling; vector-borne; arbovirus(es); West Nile ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; HOST FEEDING PATTERNS; CULISETA-MELANURA DIPTERA; CULEX-TARSALIS; UNITED-STATES; BIRDS; ENCEPHALITIS; CULICIDAE; VECTORS; MASSACHUSETTS AB We measured mosquito landing rates on adult and nestling American robins at nests with infrared cameras in Washington, D.C., and Maryland, United States. Mosquitoes landed on nesting robins almost exclusively between dusk and dawn. The mean number of mosquito landings per night was higher for adults (123.3 +/- SE 32.8) than nestlings (37.26 +/- 14.8). The fraction of mosquitoes landing at a nest on nestlings increased with decreases in adult brooding. Oral swabs from nestlings at these and 13 other robin, Gray catbird, and house finch nests were negative for West Nile virus (WNV,). These results show that landing rates were higher on adults and that parental brooding reduces the landing rates of mosquitoes on nestlings. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY USA. RP Griffing, SM (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM smgriff@emory.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI25490]; PHS HHS [U50 CCU320544-01] NR 34 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.0560 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 218LX UT WOS:000250018100017 PM 17767414 ER PT J AU Angehr, GR Kushlan, JA AF Angehr, George R. Kushlan, James A. TI Seabird and colonial wading bird nesting in the Gulf of Panama SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Bay of Panama; booby; colonial wading birds; colonial waterbirds; colonies; cormorant; distribution; egret; frigatebird; Gulf of Panama; heron; Ibis; important bird areas; Panama; Pearl Islands; pelican; populations; Ramsar; seabirds; tern AB The Gulf of Panama is a highly productive marine ecosystem at the southern edge of North America. Although the Gulfs aquatic bird populations have been remarked upon by ornithologists for over 50 years, nesting populations have been neither systematically studied nor completely characterized. In 2005 and 2006, the entire Gulf of Panama was inventoried to document the nesting status of seabirds and other colonial waterbirds. Over 50,000 birds of 20 species nesting at 57 sites were documented. Seabirds nested during the dry season, the period of oceanographic upwelling. Coastal colonial waterbirds nested at the end of the dry season and in the early wet season, when inland feeding habitats were optimal. Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) were the most numerous seabird with over 4,800 nests and 10,000 individuals counted. Over 3,600 Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) nests and over 2,200 Magnificent Frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) nests were documented. Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis) were the most abundant colonial wading birds, followed by Great Egrets (Ardea alba). Great Egrets were the first wading birds to nest, Cattle Egrets the last. Seven sites contained over 1,000 nests. Colony locations and numbers differed markedly from the historic literature. Some historic information is erroneous, but other differences reflect changes in distribution. More nesting Brown Pelicans and Sooty Terns (Sterna fuscata) and fewer Neotropic Cormorants were found than expected from the literature. New sites documented included some of global or regional conservation importance. This paper presents the first breeding records for Panama of Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea), Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), and Bridled Tern (Sterna anaethetus), and third record for Cocoi Heron (Ardea cocoi). There is no evidence for long-term declines of seabirds or colonial wading birds in the Gulf of Panama. Populations reaching conservation thresholds globally or biogeographically include Brown Pelican, Bare-throated Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma mexicanum), White This (Eudocimus albus), Glossy Ibis, and Bridled Tern. The Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nyct;corax) exceeded conservation thresholds for Central America. Six new sites of global importance for bird conservation were identified and the continued importance of another site confirmed. The continued health of the waterbird populations of Panama will depend on environmental education and protection of important colony sites from disturbance and development. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, STRI, Miami, FL 34002 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Panama Audubon Soc, Unit 0948, STRI, Miami, FL 34002 USA. RP Kushlan, JA (reprint author), POB 2008, Key Biscayne, FL 33149 USA. EM jkushlan@earthlink.net NR 53 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 335 EP 357 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0335:SACWBN]2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 225WW UT WOS:000250549900003 ER PT J AU Whigham, DF Jacobs, AD Weller, DE Jordan, TE Kentula, ME Jensen, SF Stevens, DL AF Whigham, Dennis F. Jacobs, Amy Deller Weller, Donald E. Jordan, Thomas E. Kentula, Mary E. Jensen, Susan F. Stevens, Donald L., Jr. TI Combining HGM and EMAP procedures to assess wetlands at the watershed scale - Status of flats and Non-tidal Riverine wetlands in the Nanticoke River watershed, Delaware and Maryland (USA) SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake bay; GIS; HGM; watershed; wetland assessment C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Nat Conservancy Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effect Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Whigham, DF (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Box 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM whighamd@si.edu OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437; Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 0 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 462 EP 478 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[462:CHAEPT]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600006 ER PT J AU Jordan, TE Andrews, MP Szuch, RP Whigham, DF Weller, DE Jacobs, AD AF Jordan, Thomas E. Andrews, Mary Pittek Szuch, Ryan P. Whigham, Dennis F. Weller, Donald E. Jacobs, Amy Deller TI Comparing functional assessments of wetlands to measurements of soil characteristics and nitrogen processing SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake bay; Delaware; denitrification; flats; HGM; Maryland; nitrous oxide; riverine; wetland assessment C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Nat Conservancy Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA. RP Jordan, TE (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd,Box 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM jordanth@si.edu OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437; Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 0 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 18 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 479 EP 497 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[479:CFAOWT]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600007 ER PT J AU Weller, DE Snyder, MN Whigham, DF Jacobs, AD Jordan, TE AF Weller, Donald E. Snyder, Marcia N. Whigham, Dennis F. Jacobs, Amy D. Jordan, Thomas E. TI Landscape indicators of wetland condition in the Nanticoke River watershed, Maryland and Delaware, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE flat; HGM assessment; landscape assessment; riverine; wetland assessment C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Nat Conservancy Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19801 USA. RP Weller, DE (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd,POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM wellerd@si.edu OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437; Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 498 EP 514 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[498:LIOWCI]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600008 ER PT J AU Cummings, D Brown, JL Rodden, MD Songsasen, N AF Cummings, Dawn Brown, Janine L. Rodden, Melissa D. Songsasen, Nucharin TI Behavioral and physiologic responses to environmental enrichment in the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maned wolf; enrichment; behavior response; corticoids ID CANIS-LUPUS; FEEDING ENRICHMENT; WOLVES; CATS; POPULATION; EXCRETION; STRESS; FOOD AB The ex situ population of maned wolves is not self-sustaining due to poor reproduction, caused primarily by parental incompetence. Studies have shown that environmental enrichment can promote natural parental behaviors in zoo animals. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of environmental enrichment on behavioral and physiological responses of maned wolves. During an 8-week experimental period, daily behavior observations and fecal sample collection were conducted on four adult wolves (2.2) individually housed in environments without enrichment. After 2 weeks, the wolves were chronologically provided with 2-week intervals of hiding dead mice around the exhibit, no enrichment, and introduction of boomer balls. Responses of the wolves to enrichment were assessed based on activity levels and exploratory rates, as well as the level of corticoid metabolites in fecal samples collected daily throughout the study period. Providing wolves with environmental enrichment significantly increased exploratory behaviors (P < 0.05), especially when mice were hidden in the enclosure. Fecal corticoid concentrations were increased during periods of enrichment in males (P < 0.05), but not in females. Overall, there were no correlations between behavioral responses to enrichment and fecal corticoid levels. Behavioral results suggest that environmental enrichment elicits positive effects on the behavior of captive maned wolves. There is evidence suggesting that providing animals with ability to forage for food is a more effective enrichment strategy than introducing objects. There is need for a longer term study to determine the impact of environmental enrichment in this species. C1 Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Songsasen, N (reprint author), Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM songsasenn@si.edu NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 41 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 26 IS 5 BP 331 EP 343 DI 10.1002/zoo.20138 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 221RH UT WOS:000250244500001 PM 19360584 ER PT J AU Kornicker, LS Iliffe, TM Harrison-Nelson, E AF Kornicker, Louis S. Iliffe, Thomas M. Harrison-Nelson, Elizabeth TI Ostracoda (Myodocopa) from anchialine caves and ocean blue holes SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE halocyprida; myodocopida; ostracoda; anchialine caves; blue holes; Bahamas; Mexico; Bermuda ID TURKS-AND-CAICOS; INDIAN-OCEAN; SPELAEOECIA-BERMUDENSIS; MISOPHRIOID COPEPODS; REMIPEDE CRUSTACEANS; CHRISTMAS ISLAND; STABLE-ISOTOPE; MARINE CAVES; BAHAMAS; ECOLOGY AB Eleven stygobitic myodocopid ostracodes ( two new-Danielopolina palmeri and Spelaeoecia hox) in the Order Halocyprida are reported from anchialine waters in 11 inland blue holes in Bahamas. One stygobitic halocyprid ostracode is reported from two localities in Bermuda, and one from a cave in Mexico. A new subfamily, Spelaeoeciinae, is proposed to contain the genus Spelaeoecia, and the subfamily Deeveyinae is elevated to family status. Two new species of cladocopid ostracode (Pseudopolycope helix and Pontopolycope storthynx), are described from a cave in Mexico and an oceanic blue hole in the Bahamas. Nine species of myodocopid ostracodes ( four new-Rutiderma flex, Eusarsiella syrinx, Eusarsiella fax, and Synasterope matrix) in the Suborder Myodocopina and one species in the Suborder Halocypridina are reported from ocean blue holes in the Bahamas. This is the first report of a halocyprid living in both an inland and ocean blue hole in the Bahamas. The sarsiellid genus Dantya Kornicker & Cohen 1978 is reported for the first time in the Bahamas, but the single juvenile specimen is left in open nomenclature as Dantya sp. A. The development of Deeveya bransoni and Eusarsiella syrinx is described in detail. With the exception of one species of Danielopolina from deep waters of the South Atlantic, all other species of Danielopolina, Spelaeoecia and Deeveya have been previously found only in inland, anchialine caves. The discovery of Deeveya inhabiting deeper, hydrologically-isolated waters in ocean blue holes, which are otherwise comparable to classical anchialine environments, has raised questions concerning the geographic limits to the anchialine habitat and its supposed reliance on terrestrial inputs. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20506 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Kornicker, LS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20506 USA. EM kornickl@si.edu; iliffet@tamug.edu; nelsone@si.ed NR 112 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 31 PY 2007 IS 1565 BP 1 EP 151 PG 151 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 206XM UT WOS:000249216200001 ER PT J AU Cisneros-Heredia, DF Mcdiarmid, RW AF Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. Mcdiarmid, Roy W. TI Revision of the characters of Centrolenidae (Amphibia : Anura : Athesphatanura), with comments on its taxonomy and the description of new taxa of glassfrogs SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE centrolenidae; diagnostic characters; variation; peritoneal coloration; nuptial excrescences; taxonomy; synonyms; Centrolene; Cochranella; Hyalinobatrachium; Nymphargus; new genus; Nymphargus laurae; new species ID HYPEROLIUS-VIRIDIFLAVUS AMPHIBIA; HYALINOBATRACHIUM-PULVERATUM ANURA; COCHRANELLA-GRANULOSA GROUP; GENUS TELMATOBIUS ANURA; AMAZON RAIN-FOREST; ARID ENVIRONMENT; REED FROG; COSTA-RICA; TREE-FROG; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR AB Anurans of the family Centrolenidae are a diverse clade of arboreal frogs distributed across tropical America. Knowledge of their taxonomy, systematics, ecology, behavior, morphology, and other evolutionary aspects of their biology is deficient. Relationships among centrolenid species remain largely unresolved, with no satisfactory phylogenetic hypothesis, and none of the current genera has compelling evidence of monophyly. Further, understanding the phylogeny of glassfrogs is constrained by species-level taxonomic problems, including incorrect description of characters, incomplete analyses of intraspecific variation, and lack of appreciation of species diversity. Herein, we define and analyze the 23 characters that are useful, in combination, in diagnosing centrolenid species, and thereby provide a reference for the use of future workers. We propose revised classifications for the parietal and visceral peritoneal pigmentation, liver form and coloration of its associated hepatic peritoneum, nuptial excrescences, and hand ornamentation. We comment on the generic and species-level taxonomy of Centrolenidae, proposing the recognition of a new genus and describing a new species from Ecuador. We treat Hyla ocellifera Boulenger as a synonym of Centrolene prosoblepon (Boettger), Hyalinobatrachium cardiacalyptum McCranie & Wilson as a synonym of Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi ( Taylor), and Hyalinobatrachium crybetes McCranie and Wilson as a synonym of Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum ( Taylor). We also present an annotated list of the species of glassfrogs from the Republic of Ecuador with some distributional remarks. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ San Francisco, Colegio Ciencias Biol & Ambientales, San Francisco, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cisneros-Heredia, DF (reprint author), Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England. EM diegofrancisco_cisneros@yahoo.com; mcdiarmr@si.edu RI Cisneros-Heredia, Diego/D-1744-2011 OI Cisneros-Heredia, Diego/0000-0002-6132-2738 NR 216 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 31 PY 2007 IS 1572 BP 3 EP 82 PG 80 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 206XV UT WOS:000249217100001 ER PT J AU Kalacska, M Bohman, S Sanchez-Azofeifa, GA Castro-Esau, K Caelli, T AF Kalacska, M. Bohman, S. Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A. Castro-Esau, K. Caelli, T. TI Hyperspectral discrimination of tropical dry forest lianas and trees: Comparative data reduction approaches at the leaf and canopy levels SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE feature selection; hyperspectral data; pattern recognition; tropical dry forest; wavelet energy feature vector; Panama ID EXTREME-SHADE PLANTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RAIN-FOREST; CLASSIFICATION; VARIABILITY; REFLECTANCE; PATTERNS; AREA; SUN AB A dataset of spectral signatures (leaf level) of tropical dry forest trees and lianas and an airborne hyperspectral image (crown level) are used to test three hyperspectral data reduction techniques (principal component analysis, forward feature selection and wavelet energy feature vectors) along with pattern recognition classifiers to discriminate between the spectral signatures of lianas and trees. It was found at the leaf level the forward waveband selection method had the best results followed by the wavelet energy feature vector and a form of principal component analysis. For the same dataset our results indicate that none of the pattern recognition classifiers performed the best across all reduction techniques, and also that none of the parametric classifiers had the overall lowest training and testing errors. At the crown level, in addition to higher testing error rates (7%), it was found that there was no optimal data reduction technique. The significant wavebands were also found to be different between the leaf and crown levels. At the leaf level, the visible region of the spectrum was the most important for discriminating between lianas and trees whereas at the crown level the shortwave infrared was also important in addition to the visible and near infrared. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Informat Sci & Engn, NICTA, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Sanchez-Azofeifa, GA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM Arturo.sanchez@ualberta.ca OI Kalacska, Margaret/0000-0002-1676-481X NR 53 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 30 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 4 BP 406 EP 415 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.01.012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 193RZ UT WOS:000248293300002 ER PT J AU Anker, A Ahyong, ST AF Anker, Arthur Ahyong, Shane T. TI Description of two species in the alpheid shrimp genus Athanas Leach, 1814, with remarks on A. amazone Holthuis, 1951 (Decapoda, Caridea) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Alpheidae; Athanas; new species; Australia; west Africa; cheliped polymorphism; variability ID CRUSTACEA; STOMATOPODA; MUDFLATS; BURROWS; PACIFIC AB Two new species of the alpheid genus Athanas Leach, 1814 are described and illustrated. Athanas sydneyensis n. sp., is described on the basis of several specimens collected near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. This species is closely related to the polymorphic A. phyllocheles Banner & Banner, 1983 known only from La Reunion in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Athanas ivoiriensis n. sp., is described on the basis of a single specimen collected off Ivory Coast, West Africa. This species appears to be most closely related to A. amazone Holthuis, 1951 from the tropical eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. The morphological variability of A. amazone and A. phyllocheles, including polymorphism of the chelipeds, are discussed. C1 Inst Smithsonian InvestTrop, Panama City, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Inst Smithsonian InvestTrop, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM ankera@si.edu; s.ahyong@niwa.co.nz NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 29 PY 2007 IS 1563 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 205MX UT WOS:000249119200002 ER PT J AU Mclaughlin, PA Lemaitre, R AF Mclaughlin, Patsy A. Lemaitre, Rafael TI A new and distinctive species of the hermit crab genus Catapaguropsis (Crustacea : Decapoda : Anomura : Paguridae) from the south China sea SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Crustacea; Decapoda; paguridae; emended Catapaguropsis; new species; unique carcinoecia; south China sea ID FAMILY PAGURIDAE; PAGUROIDEA AB The diagnosis of the recently described hermit crab genus Catapaguropsis Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2006 is emended to accommodate a second distinctive new species, Catapaguropsis brucei n. sp., which does not exhibit the sexual dimorphism described for the type species, C. queenslandica Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2006. Catapaguropsis brucei n. sp. is characterized by the marked reduction, in both sexes, of the posterior portions of the pleons, uropods, and telsons that are encased by cnidarians. In addition to the description and illustrations, this new species is compared and contrasted with species of other pagurid genera that occupy atypical carcinoecia. C1 Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mclaughlin, PA (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, 1900 Shannon Point Rd, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. EM hermit@fidalgo.net; lemaitrr@si.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 27 PY 2007 IS 1560 BP 31 EP 41 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 204HN UT WOS:000249034700003 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SP Jalee, Z AF Benjamin, Suresh P. Jalee, Ziyard TI Redescription of Tagulis mystacinus (Araneae : thomisidae) from Sri Lanka SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Biodiversity; bominae; crab spiders; Sri Lanka; tagulini; taxonomy ID SALTICIDAE AB Tagulis mystacinus Simon, 1895 from Sri Lanka is redescribed based on a pair of newly collected male and female specimens. T. mystacinus may be separated from other thomisids by the presence of very peculiar leaf-shaped macrosetae immediately posterior to anterior and posterior lateral eyes. They also may be separated by details of their genitalia. C1 Smithsonian Inst, MRC, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Benjamin, SP (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, MRC, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM suresh.benjamin@gmail.com NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 27 PY 2007 IS 1560 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 204HN UT WOS:000249034700006 ER PT J AU Wilson, SA Howard, AD Moore, JM Grant, JA AF Wilson, Sharon A. Howard, Alan D. Moore, Jeffrey M. Grant, John A. TI Geomorphic and stratigraphic analysis of Crater Terby and layered deposits north of Hellas basin, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID SOFT-SEDIMENT DEFORMATION; THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; ORBITER CAMERA; MARGARITIFER SINUS; MARTIAN HIGHLANDS; ICE-SHEET; ART.; DRAINAGE; SURFACE AB The geologic history of Crater Terby is developed through geomorphic and stratigraphic analyses within the regional context of the Hellas basin. Terby exhibits similar to 2-km-thick sequences of layers that consist of repetitive, subhorizontal and laterally continuous beds. The layers are predominantly fine-grained as indicated by their ease of aeolian erosion, although a few consolidated layers weather to form rubbly talus. The grain size or composition of the deposited materials fluctuated, producing layering, but the overall properties of the deposits are similar throughout the sequence and are comparable to layered deposits in other crater basins around Hellas. The original depositional geometry, physical and geological characteristics of the layers in Terby and the other basins lead us to favor a lacustrine origin, but a loess-like origin cannot be ruled out. The formation of the layers corresponds to a period when the circum-Hellas region may have been occupied by a lake(s) up to 3.6 km deep. Once the lake in Hellas decreased, the layers in Terby were incised by troughs and a moat-like depression. We attribute this erosion to scour beneath an ice cover due to a lack of integrated fluvial drainage or large aeolian deflation features. The presence of viscous flow features in a crater on Terby's northwestern rim and lobate features on Terby's crater floor are also indicative of ice. The lack of depositional features associated with the postulated glacial activity suggests there was a contemporaneous shallow ( ice-covered?) lake covering the floor of Terby that transported material into the greater Hellas basin. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr eart & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Wilson, SA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr eart & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM wilsons@si.edu; ah6p@virginia.edu; jeff.moore@nasa.gov; grantj@si.edu NR 89 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG 24 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E8 AR E08009 DI 10.1029/2006JE002830 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 204HB UT WOS:000249033400001 ER PT J AU Ritger, RK Heard, RW AF Ritger, Rebecca Kirk Heard, Richard W. TI Julmarichardia gutui, a new species of Apseudomorph Tanaidacean (Crustacea : Malacostraca : Peracarida) from the Australian northwest continental shelf SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Tanaidacea; Metapseudidae; Julmarichardia; taxonomy; NW Australian shelf AB Julmarichardia gutui, n. sp. is described from specimens collected in depths of 78-83 m from the Northwest Continental Shelf of Australia. Of the four previously known species of Julmarichardia Gutu, 1989, J. gutui is distinguished from J. deltoides (K. H. Barnard, 1914) and J. thomassini Gutu, 1989 by having the outer flagella of the antennule with fewer than 9 articles and its distinctive armature on anterodorsal region of the carapace. It can be separated from J. alinati Gutu, 1989 and J. bajau Bamber and Sheader, 2005 by a combination of characters, including (1) a spatulate rostrum fringed with 20 or more blunt marginal teeth interspersed with 5-8 small plumose setae; (2) distinct ridges or tubercles on the carapace, (3) a well-developed, expanded lateral lobe on article 1 of the antenna (absent in J. bajau), and (4) 3-5 blunt spines (instead of 1 or 2) on the anterior margin of the basis of pereopod 2. A key to the five nominal species now comprising the genus Julmarichardia is presented. Julmarichardia gutui represents the first record of its genus from Australian waters and the second for the genus in the eastern Indian Ocean. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Syst Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Dis, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. RP Ritger, RK (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Syst Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM rritger@gmail.com; Richard.Heard@usm.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD AUG 24 PY 2007 IS 1559 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 204HM UT WOS:000249034600003 ER PT J AU Carlson, JE Harms, KE AF Carlson, Jane E. Harms, Kyle E. TI The benefits of bathing buds: water calyces protect flowers from a microlepidopteran herbivore SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE floral herbivory; selection; floral evolution; Alucitidae; Chrysothemis friedrichsthaliana ID PLANT; DEFENSE; EUPHORBIACEAE; POLLINATION; EVOLUTION; HERB; ANTS AB Protective floral structures may evolve in response to the negative effects of floral herbivores. For example, water calyces-liquid-filled, cup-like structures resulting from the fusion of sepals-may reduce floral herbivory by submerging buds during their development. Our observations of a water-calyx plant, Chrysothemis friedrichsthaliana (Gesneriaceae), revealed that buds were frequently attacked by ovipositing moths (Alucitidae), whose larvae consumed anthers and stigmas before corollas opened. Almost 25% of per-plant flower production was destroyed by alucitid larvae over two seasons, far exceeding the losses to all other floral herbivores combined. Experimental manipulation of water levels in calyces showed that a liquid barrier over buds halved per-flower alucitid egg deposition and subsequent herbivory, relative to buds in calyces without water. Thus, C. friedrichsthaliana's water calyx helps protect buds from a highly detrimental floral herbivore. Our findings support claims that sepal morphology is largely influenced by selection to reduce floral herbivory, and that these pressures can result in novel morphological adaptations. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Carlson, JE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jcarls3@lsu.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOLOGY LETT JI Biol. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 405 EP 407 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0095 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 188GG UT WOS:000247907000015 PM 17439846 ER PT J AU Taerum, SJ Cafaro, MJ Little, AEF Schultz, TR Currie, CR AF Taerum, Stephen J. Cafaro, Matias J. Little, Ainslie E. F. Schultz, Ted R. Currie, Cameron R. TI Low host-pathogen specificity in the leaf-cutting ant-microbe symbiosis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE coevolution; leaf-cutting ants; host-parasite interactions; host switching ID FUNGUS-GROWING ANTS; LOCAL ADAPTATION; PARASITES; COEVOLUTION; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; COSPECIATION; ASSOCIATIONS; AGRICULTURE; PHYLOGENY AB Host-parasite associations are shaped by coevolutionary dynamics. One example is the complex fungus-growing ant-microbe symbiosis, which includes ancient host-parasite coevolution. Fungus-growing ants and the fungi they cultivate for food have an antagonistic symbiosis with Escovopsis, a specialized microfungus that infects the ants' fungus gardens. The evolutionary histories of the ant, cultivar and Escovopsis are highly congruent at the deepest phylogenetic levels, with specific parasite lineages exclusively associating with corresponding groups of ants and cultivar. Here, we examine host-parasite specificity at finer phylogenetic levels, within the most derived clade of fungus-growing ants, the leaf-cutters (Atta spp. and Acromyrmex spp.). Our molecular phylogeny of Escovopsis isolates from the leaf-cutter ant-microbe symbiosis confirms specificity at the broad phylogenetic level, but reveals frequent host-switching events between species and genera of leaf-cutter ants. Escovopsis strains isolated from Acromyrmex and Atta gardens occur together in the same clades, and very closely related strains can even infect the gardens of both ant genera. Experimental evidence supports low host-parasite specificity, with phylogenetically diverse strains of Escovopsis being capable of overgrowing all leaf-cutter cultivars examined. Thus, our findings indicate that this host-pathogen association is shaped by the farming ants having to protect their cultivated fungus from phylogenetically diverse Escovopsis garden pathogens. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Currie, CR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, 420 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM currie@bact.wisc.edu NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1621 BP 1971 EP 1978 DI 10.1098/rspb.2007.0431 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 188GF UT WOS:000247906800007 PM 17550881 ER PT J AU Bastian, N Ercolano, B Gieles, M Rosolowsky, E Scheepmaker, RA Gutermuth, R Efremov, Y AF Bastian, N. Ercolano, B. Gieles, M. Rosolowsky, E. Scheepmaker, R. A. Gutermuth, R. Efremov, Yu. TI Hierarchical star formation in M33: fundamental properties of the star-forming regions SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : M33; galaxies : star clusters ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; YOUNG STELLAR CLUSTERS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; OB ASSOCIATIONS; UBVRI PHOTOMETRY; SPIRAL GALAXIES; H-ALPHA; COMPLEXES AB Star formation within galaxies appears on multiple scales, from spiral structure, to OB associations, to individual star clusters, and often substructure within these clusters. This multitude of scales calls for objective methods to find and classify star-forming regions, regardless of spatial size. To this end, we present an analysis of star-forming groups in the local group spiral galaxy M33, based on a new implementation of the minimum spanning tree method. Unlike previous studies which limited themselves to a single spatial scale, we study star-forming structures from the effective resolution limit (similar to 20 pc) to kpc scales. Once the groups are identified, we study their properties, for example, size and luminosity distributions, and compare them with studies of young star clusters and giant molecular clouds (GMCs). We find evidence for a continuum of star-forming group sizes, which extends into the star cluster spatial scale regime. We do not find a characteristic scale for OB associations, unlike that found in previous studies, and we suggest that the appearance of such a scale was caused by spatial resolution and selection effects. The luminosity function of the groups is found to be well represented by a power law with an index, -2, the same as has been found for the luminosity and mass functions (MFs) of young star clusters, as well as the MF of GMCs. Additionally, the groups follow a similar mass-radius relation as GMCs. The size distribution of the groups is best described by a lognormal distribution, the peak of which is controlled by the spatial scale probed and the minimum number of sources used to define a group. We show that within a hierarchical distribution, if a scale is selected to find structure, the resulting size distribution will have a lognormal distribution. We find an abrupt drop of the number of groups outside a galactic radius of similar to 4 kpc (although individual high-mass stars are found beyond this limit), suggesting a change in the structure of the star-forming interstellar medium, possibly reflected in the lack of GMCs beyond this radius. Finally, we find that the spatial distribution of H II regions, GMCs, and star-forming groups are all highly correlated. C1 UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Univ Utrecht, Inst Astron, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Bastian, N (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM bastian@star.ucl.ac.uk OI Gieles, Mark/0000-0002-9716-1868 NR 52 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 4 BP 1302 EP 1312 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12064.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209GP UT WOS:000249377300004 ER PT J AU Soria, R Baldi, A Risaliti, G Fabbiano, G King, A La Parola, V Zezas, A AF Soria, R. Baldi, A. Risaliti, G. Fabbiano, G. King, A. La Parola, V. Zezas, A. TI New flaring of an ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 1365 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; black hole physics; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : individual : NGC 1365 X1 ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RXTE SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS; NEARBY SPIRAL GALAXIES; DRIVEN DISK WINDS; HOLMBERG-IX X-1; MASS BLACK-HOLE; ACCRETION DISK; XTE J1550-564; NGC 1365; 1998 OUTBURST AB We have studied a highly variable ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in the Fornax galaxy NGC 1365, with a series of 12 Chandra and XMM-Newton observations between 2002 and 2006. In 2006 April, the source peaked at a luminosity approximate to 3 x 10(40) erg s(-1) in the 0.3-10 keV band ( similar to the maximum luminosity found by ASCA in 1995), and declined on an e-folding time-scale approximate to 3 d. The X-ray spectrum is always dominated by a broad power-law-like component. When the source is seen at X-ray luminosities approximate to 10(40) erg s(-1), an additional soft thermal component ( which we interpret as emission from the accretion disc) contributes approximate to 1/4 of the X-ray flux; when the luminosity is higher, approximate to 3 x 10(40) erg s(-1), the thermal component is not detected and must contribute < 10 per cent of the flux. At the beginning of the decline, ionized absorption is detected around similar to 0.5-2 keV; it is a possible signature of a massive outflow. The power law is always hard, with a photon index Gamma approximate to 1.7 ( and even flatter at times), as is generally the case with bright ULXs. We speculate that this source and perhaps most other bright ULXs are in a high/hard state: as the accretion rate increases well above the Eddington limit, more and more power is extracted from the inner region of the inflow through non-radiative channels, and is used to power a Comptonizing corona, jet or wind. The observed thermal component comes from the standard outer disc; the transition radius between outer standard disc and Comptonizing inner region moves further out and to lower disc temperatures as the accretion rate increases. This produces the observed appearance of a large, cool disc. Based on X-ray luminosity and spectral arguments, we suggest that this accreting black hole has a likely mass similar to 50 - 150M(circle dot) (even without accounting for possible beaming). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Surrey RH5 6NT, England. INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, Palermo, Italy. RP Soria, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X; La Parola, Valentina/0000-0002-8087-6488 NR 64 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 4 BP 1313 EP 1324 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12031.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209GP UT WOS:000249377300005 ER PT J AU Xiang, F Churazov, E Dolag, K Springel, V Vikhlinin, A AF Xiang, F. Churazov, E. Dolag, K. Springel, V. Vikhlinin, A. TI On the width of cold fronts in clusters of galaxies due to conduction SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE conduction; hydrodynamics; galaxies : clusters : general ID THERMAL CONDUCTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SIMULATIONS; CORES; MERGERS; A3667 AB We consider the impact of thermal conduction in clusters of galaxies on the (unmagnetized) interface between a cold gaseous cloud and a hotter gas flowing over the cloud ( the so-called cold front). We argue that near the stagnation point of the flow conduction creates a spatially extended layer of constant thickness Delta, where Delta is of the order of similar to root kR/U, where R is the curvature radius of the cloud, U is the velocity of the flow at infinity and k is the conductivity of the gas. For typical parameters of the observed fronts, one finds Delta << R. The formation time of such a layer is similar to R/U. Once the layer is formed, its thickness only slowly varies with the time and the quasi-steady layer may persist for many characteristic time-scales. Based on these simple arguments, one can use the observed width of the cold fronts in galaxy clusters to constrain the effective thermal conductivity of the intra-cluster medium. C1 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Moscow Space Res Inst, Moscow 117810, Russia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Xiang, F (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM arthawks@mpa-garching.mpg.de RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 4 BP 1325 EP 1332 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12032.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209GP UT WOS:000249377300006 ER PT J AU Rea, N Torres, MAP Jonker, PG Mignani, RP Zane, S Burgay, M Kaplan, DL Turolla, R Israel, GL Steeghs, D AF Rea, N. Torres, M. A. P. Jonker, P. G. Mignani, R. P. Zane, S. Burgay, M. Kaplan, D. L. Turolla, R. Israel, G. L. Steeghs, D. TI Accurate X-ray position and multiwavelength observations of the isolated neutron star RBS 1774 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE pulsars : general; pulsars : individual : RBS 1774 ID COHERENT TIMING SOLUTION; MULTIBEAM PULSAR SURVEY; PROPER MOTION; RX J0720.4-3125; 1RXS J214303.7+065419/RBS-1774; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; RADIO-EMISSION; J185635-3754; 2MASS; RX-J1605.3+3249 AB We report on X-ray, optical, infrared and radio observations of the isolated neutron star 1RXS J214303.7+065419 (RBS 1774). The X-ray observation was performed with the high-resolution camera onboard the Chandra X-ray Observatory, allowing us to derive the most accurate position for this source (alpha = 21(h)43(m)3(s).38, delta = + 6 degrees 54 ' 17 ''. 53; 90 per cent uncertainty of 0.6 arcsec). Furthermore, we confirmed with a higher spatial accuracy the point-like nature of this X-ray source. Observations were taken in B, V, r ', i '', J, H and K(s) filters using the Keck, Very Large Telescope (VLT), Blanco and Magellan telescopes, while radio observations were obtained from the Parkes single dish at 2.9 GHz and 708 MHz. No plausible optical and/or infrared counterpart for RBS 1774 was detected within the refined sub-arsecond Chandra X-ray error circle. Present upper limits to the optical and the infrared magnitudes are r ' > 25.7 and J > 22.6 (5 sigma confidence level). Radio observations did not show evidence for radio pulsations down to a luminosity at 1.4 GHz of L < 0.02 mJy kpc(2). Furthermore, no convincing evidence for Rotating Radio Transients-like radio bursts has been found. Our results on RBS 1774 are discussed and compared with the known properties of other thermally emitting neutron stars. C1 SRON, Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Utrecht, Inst Astron, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. INAF, Astron Observ Cagliari, I-02139 Capoterra, Italy. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Padua, Dept Phys, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. RP Rea, N (reprint author), SRON, Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM N.Rea@sron.nl RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Burgay, Marta/0000-0002-8265-4344; Israel, GianLuca/0000-0001-5480-6438 NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 4 BP 1484 EP 1490 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12029.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209GP UT WOS:000249377300021 ER PT J AU Gruberbauer, M Kolenberg, K Rowe, JF Huber, D Matthews, JM Reegen, P Kuschnig, R Cameron, C Kallinger, T Weiss, WW Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, S Sasselov, D Walker, GAH AF Gruberbauer, Michael Kolenberg, Katrien Rowe, Jason F. Huber, Daniel Matthews, Jaymie M. Reegen, Piet Kuschnig, Rainer Cameron, Chris Kallinger, Thomas Weiss, Werner W. Guenther, David B. Moffat, Anthony F. J. Rucinski, Slavek Sasselov, Dimitar Walker, Gordon A. H. TI MOST photometry of the RRd Lyrae variable AQ Leo: two radial modes, 32 combination frequencies and beyond SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; methods : statistical; stars : individual : AQ Leo; stars : oscillations; stars : variables : other ID STARS; SPACE; PULSATION; FIELD AB Highly precise and nearly uninterrupted optical photometry of the RR Lyrae star AQ Leo was obtained with the MOST (Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars) satellite over 34.4 d in 2005 February-March. AQ Leo was the first known double-mode RR Lyrae pulsator (RRd star). Three decades after its discovery, MOST observations have revealed that AQ Leo oscillates with at least 42 frequencies, of which 32 are linear combinations (up to the sixth order) of the radial fundamental mode and its first overtone. Evidence for period changes of these modes is found in the data. The other intrinsic frequencies may represent an additional non-radial pulsation mode and its harmonics (plus linear combinations) which warrant theoretical modelling. The unprecedented number of frequencies detected with amplitudes down to mmag precision also presents an opportunity to test non-linear theories of mode growth and saturation in RRd stars. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. Univ Louvain, Inst Astron, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS N3H 3C3, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron, David Dunlap Observ, Toronto, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gruberbauer, M (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, Turkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. EM gruberbauer@astro.univie.ac.at OI Kallinger, Thomas/0000-0003-3627-2561 NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 4 BP 1498 EP 1506 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12042.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209GP UT WOS:000249377300023 ER PT J AU Munoz-Darias, T Martinez-Pais, IG Casares, J Dhillon, VS Marsh, TR Cornelisse, R Steeghs, D Charles, PA AF Munoz-Darias, T. Martinez-Pais, I. G. Casares, J. Dhillon, V. S. Marsh, T. R. Cornelisse, R. Steeghs, D. Charles, P. A. TI Echoes from the companion star in Sco X-1 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : close; stars : individual : Sco X-1; X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY BINARIES; SCORPIUS X-1; OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS; BOWEN FLUORESCENCE; EMISSION-LINES; VARIABILITY; DONOR; LMXBS; MASS; DISCOVERY AB integral We present simultaneous X-ray (RXTE) and optical (ULTRACAM) narrow-band ( Bowen blend/He II and nearby continuum) observations of Sco X-1 at 2-10 Hz time resolution. We find that the Bowen/He II emission lags the X-ray light curves with a light traveltime of similar to 11-16 s which is consistent with reprocessing in the companion star. The echo from the donor is detected at orbital phase similar to 0.5 when Sco X-1 is at the top of the flaring branch (FB). Evidence of echoes is also seen at the bottom of the FB but with time-lags of 5-10 s which are consistent with reprocessing in an accretion disc with a radial temperature profile. We discuss the implication of our results for the orbital parameters of Sco X-1. C1 Inst Astrophys Canarias, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain. Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrophys, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Southampton, Southampton SOB17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Munoz-Darias, T (reprint author), Inst Astrophys Canarias, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain. EM tmd@iac.es RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 4 BP 1637 EP 1646 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12045.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209GP UT WOS:000249377300034 ER PT J AU Viada, ST Cairns, SD AF Viada, Stephen T. Cairns, Stephen D. TI New species of Nicella (Anthozoa : Octocorallia) from the western Atlantic SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB A new species of Nicella, N. toeplitzae, is described from specimens collected from the western Atlantic Ocean, including the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico. It is distinguished from other closely related species of this genus in having prominent, conical tubercles on the double head sclerites that measure up to 17 mu m in height. Among the species having rotund body wall rods, it is distinguished by having double heads with a relatively thick waist. C1 CSA Int Inc, Jupiter, FL 33477 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Viada, ST (reprint author), CSA Int Inc, 759 Parkway St, Jupiter, FL 33477 USA. EM sviada@conshelf.com; cairnss@gcsi.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 2 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[227:ANSONA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 203UI UT WOS:000248999100011 ER PT J AU Funk, VA Specht, CD AF Funk, V. A. Specht, Chelsea D. TI Meta-trees: grafting for a global perspective SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; MISSING ENTRIES; SUPERTREES; PHYLOGENY; PARSIMONY; MAMMALIA; EVOLUTION; TAXA AB Assembling phylogenctic trees for groups of organisms with thousands of taxa is problematic because of the large amount of data and trees that must be generated and analyzed. Several attempts have been made to develop a better way to handle the problems of large trees. Meta-trees (Meta Supertrees) are suggested as a way to generate a phylogeny for groups where you have many different data sets of overlapping but not identical sets of taxa and without a common set of markers. Meta-trees graft phylogenies onto a fixed base tree and avoid the problems of missing or redundant data and misplaced taxa that plague other types of supertrees. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Funk, VA (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM funkv@si.edu; cdspecht@nature.berkeley.edu RI Specht, Chelsea/E-8545-2010 NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 120 IS 2 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[232:MGFAGP]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 203UI UT WOS:000248999100012 ER PT J AU Remo, JL Adams, RG Jones, MC AF Remo, John L. Adams, Richard G. Jones, Michael C. TI Atmospheric electromagnetic pulse propagation effects from thick targets in a terawatt laser target chamber SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Generation and effects of atmospherically propagated electromagnetic pulses (EMPs') initiated by photoelectrons ejected by the high density and temperature target surface plasmas from multiterawatt laser pulses are analyzed. These laser radiation pulse interactions can significantly increase noise levels, thereby obscuring data (sometimes totally) and may even damage sensitive probe and detection instrumentation. Noise effects from high energy density (approximately multiterawatt) laser pulses (similar to 300-400 ps pulse widths) interacting with thick (similar to 1 mm) metallic and dielectric solid targets and dielectric-metallic powder mixtures are interpreted as transient resonance radiation associated with surface charge fluctuations on the target chamber that functions as a radiating antenna. Effective solutions that minimize atmospheric EMP effects on internal and proximate electronic and electro-optical equipment external to the system based on systematic measurements using Moebius loop antennas, interpretations of signal periodicities, and dissipation indicators determining transient noise origin characteristics from target emissions are described. Analytic models for the effect of target chamber resonances and associated noise current and temperature in a probe diode laser are described. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jones, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM micjone@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 24 BP 6166 EP 6175 DI 10.1364/AO.46.006166 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 210JP UT WOS:000249452800018 PM 17712382 ER PT J AU Khan, SA Shafer, RA Serjeant, S Willner, SP Pearson, CP Benford, DJ Staguhn, JG Moseley, SH Sumner, TJ Ashby, MLN Borys, CK Chanial, P Clements, DL Dowell, CD Dwek, E Fazio, GG Kovacs, A Le Floc'h, E Silverberg, RF AF Khan, Sophia A. Shafer, Richard A. Serjeant, Stephen Willner, S. P. Pearson, Chris P. Benford, Dominic J. Staguhn, Johannes G. Moseley, S. Harvey Sumner, Timothy J. Ashby, Matthew L. N. Borys, Colin K. Chanial, Pierre Clements, David L. Dowell, C. Darren Dwek, Eli Fazio, Giovanni G. Kovacs, Attila Le Floc'h, Emeric Silverberg, Robert F. TI First constraints on source counts at 350 mu m SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : galaxies; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst; submillimeter ID STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; SUBMILLIMETER-SELECTED GALAXIES; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; NUMBER COUNTS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; LOCKMAN HOLE; SHARC-II; EVOLUTION; SCUBA AB We have imaged a similar to 6 arcmin(2) region in the Bootes Deep Field using the 350 mu m-optimized second-generation Submillimeter High Angular Resolution Camera (SHARC II), achieving a peak 1 sigma sensitivity of similar to 5 mJy. We detect three sources above 3 sigma, and determine a spurious source detection rate of 1.09 in our maps. In the absence of 5 sigma detections, we rely on deep 24 mu m and 20 cm imaging to deduce which sources are most likely to be genuine, giving two real sources. From this we derive an integral source count of 0. 84(-0.61)(+1.39) sources arcmin(-2) at S > 13 mJy, which is consistent with 350 mu m source count models that have an IR-luminous galaxy population evolving with redshift. We use these constraints to consider the future for ground-based short-submillimeter surveys. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. European Space Agcy, ISO Data Ctr, Madrid 28080, Spain. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Khan, SA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012; Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012; Kovacs, Attila/C-1171-2010 OI Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Kovacs, Attila/0000-0001-8991-9088 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP 973 EP 979 DI 10.1086/519239 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DK UT WOS:000248676200007 ER PT J AU Forman, W Jones, C Churazov, E Markevitch, M Nulsen, P Vikhlinin, A Begelman, M Bohringer, H Eilek, J Heinz, S Kraft, R Owen, F Pahre, M AF Forman, W. Jones, C. Churazov, E. Markevitch, M. Nulsen, P. Vikhlinin, A. Begelman, M. Boehringer, H. Eilek, J. Heinz, S. Kraft, R. Owen, F. Pahre, M. TI Filaments, bubbles, and weak shocks in the gaseous atmosphere of M87 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (M87, NGC 4486); X-rays : galaxies ID SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; HEATING-COOLING FLOWS; MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; X-RAY HALO; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; GALAXY CLUSTERS; THERMAL CONDUCTION; VIRGO CLUSTER; TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE AB We present the first results from a 500 ks Chandra ACIS-I observation of M87. At soft energies (0.5-1.0 keV), we detect filamentary structures associated with the eastern and southwestern X-ray and radio arms. Many filaments are spatially resolved with widths of similar to 300 pc. This filamentary structure is particularly striking in the eastern arm, where we suggest the filaments are outer edges of a series of plasma-filled, buoyant bubbles whose ages differ by similar to 6 x 10(6) yr. These X-ray structures may be influenced by magnetic filamentation. At hard energies (3.5-7.5 keV), we detect a nearly circular ring of outer radius 2.8' (13 kpc), which provides an unambiguous signature of a weak shock, driven by an outburst from the supermassive black hole (SMBH). The density rise in the shock is rho(shock)/rho(0) approximate to 1.3 (Mach number, M approximate to 1: 2). The observed spectral hardening in the ring corresponds to a temperature rise T-shock/T-0 approximate to 1.2, or M approximate to 1.2, in agreement with the Mach number derived independently from the gas density. Thus, for the first time, we detect gas temperature and density jumps associated with a classical shock in the atmosphere around a SMBH. We also detect two additional surface brightness edges and pressure enhancements at radii of similar to 0.6' and similar to 1'. The similar to 0.6' feature may be overpressurized thermal gas surrounding the relativistic plasma in the radio cocoon, the "piston,'' produced by the current episode of AGN activity. The overpressurized gas is surrounded by a cool gas shell. The similar to 1' feature may be an additional weak shock from a secondary outburst. In an earlier episode, the piston was responsible for driving the 2.8' shock. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Space Res Inst IKI, Moscow 117810, Russia. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. MPI Extraterrestrischephys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Forman, W (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wforman@gmail.com RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; OI Heinz, Sebastian/0000-0002-8433-8652; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 67 TC 177 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP 1057 EP 1066 DI 10.1086/519480 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DK UT WOS:000248676200014 ER PT J AU Kraft, RP Nulsen, PEJ Birkinshaw, M Worrall, DM Penna, RF Forman, WR Hardcastle, MJ Jones, C Murray, SS AF Kraft, R. P. Nulsen, P. E. J. Birkinshaw, M. Worrall, D. M. Penna, R. F. Forman, W. R. Hardcastle, M. J. Jones, C. Murray, S. S. TI A Chandra study of the lobe/interstellar medium interactions around the inner radio lobes of Centaurus A: Constraints on the temperature structure and transport processes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (Centaurus A); galaxies : ISM; galaxies : jets; hydrodynamics; X-rays : galaxies ID PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; SHOCK-WAVE; EMISSION; GALAXY; JET; EQUILIBRATION; OUTBURSTS AB We present results from deeper Chandra observations of the southwest radio lobe of Centaurus A, first described by Kraft and coworkers. We find that the sharp X-ray surface brightness discontinuity extends around similar to 75% of the periphery of the radio lobe and detect significant temperature jumps in the brightest regions of this discontinuity nearest to the nucleus. This demonstrates that this discontinuity is indeed a strong shock that is the result of an overpressure that has built up in the entire lobe over time. In addition, we demonstrate that if the mean free path for ions to transfer energy and momentum to the electrons behind the shock is as large as the Spitzer value, the electron and proton temperatures will not have equilibrated along the southwest boundary of the radio lobe where the shock is strongest. Thus, the proton temperature of the shocked gas could be considerably larger than the observed electron temperature, and the total energy of the outburst correspondingly larger as well. We investigate this using a simple one-dimensional shock model for a two-fluid (proton/electron) plasma. We find that for the thermodynamic parameters of the Cen A shock the electron temperature rises rapidly from similar to 0.29 keV ( the temperature of the ambient ISM) to similar to 3.5 keV, at which point heating from the protons is balanced by adiabatic losses. The proton and electron temperatures do not equilibrate in a timescale less than the age of the lobe. We note that the measured electron temperature of similar features in other nearby powerful radio galaxies in poor environments may considerably underestimate the strength and velocity of the shock. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Kraft, RP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS-67, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP 1129 EP 1137 DI 10.1086/519830 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DK UT WOS:000248676200020 ER PT J AU Park, S Slane, PO Hughes, JP Mori, K Burrows, DN Garmire, GP AF Park, Sangwook Slane, Patrick O. Hughes, John P. Mori, Koji Burrows, David N. Garmire, Gordon P. TI Chandra X-ray study of Galactic supernova remnant G299.2-2.9 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (G299.2-2.9); supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID CCD IMAGING SPECTROMETER; CHARGE-TRANSFER INEFFICIENCY; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; RICH EJECTA; G299.2-2.9; VRO-42.05.01; CLOUDS; GALAXY AB We report on observations of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G299.2-2.9 with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The high-resolution images with Chandra resolve the X-ray-bright knots, shell, and diffuse emission extending beyond the bright shell. Interior to the X-ray shell is faint diffuse emission occupying the central regions of the SNR. Spatially resolved spectroscopy indicates a large foreground absorption (N-H similar to 3.5 x 10(21) cm(-2)), which supports a relatively distant location (d similar to 5 kpc) for the SNR. The blast wave is encountering a highly inhomogeneous ambient medium with the densities ranging over more than an order of magnitude (n(0) similar to 0.1-4 cm(-3)). Assuming the distance of d similar to 5 kpc, we derive a Sedov age of tau similar to 4500 yr and an explosion energy of E-0 similar to 1: 6; 1050 ergs. The ambient density structure and the overall morphology suggest that G299.2-2.9 may be a limb-brightened partial shell extending to similar to 7 pc radius surrounded by fainter emission extending beyond that to a radius of similar to 9 pc. This suggests the SNR exploded in a region of space where there is a density gradient whose direction lies roughly along the line of sight. The faint central region shows strong line emission from heavy elements of Si and Fe, which is caused by the presence of the overabundant stellar ejecta there. We find no evidence for stellar ejecta enriched in light elements of O and Ne. The observed abundance structure of the metal-rich ejecta supports a Type Ia origin for G299.2-2.9. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Miyazaki Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. RP Park, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM park@astro.psu.edu NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP 1173 EP 1181 DI 10.1086/520105 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DK UT WOS:000248676200024 ER PT J AU Halpern, JP Gotthelf, EV Camilo, F Seward, FD AF Halpern, J. P. Gotthelf, E. V. Camilo, F. Seward, F. D. TI X-ray timing of PSR J1852+0040 in Kesteven 79: Evidence of neutron stars weakly magnetized at birth SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (Kesteven 79, SN 1987A); pulsars : individual (1E 1207.4-5209, CXOU J185238.6+004020, PSR J1852+0040); stars : neutron; supernova remnants ID RADIATION PAIR FRONTS; GREEN-BANK-TELESCOPE; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; ABSORPTION FEATURES; SN 1987A; FALLBACK DISKS; RADIO PULSARS; CHANDRA VIEW; XMM-NEWTON; 1E-1207.4-5209 AB The 105 ms X-ray pulsar J1852+0040 is the central compact object (CCO) in supernova remnant Kes 79. We report a sensitive upper limit on its radio flux density of 12 mu Jy at 2 GHz using the NRAO Green Bank Telescope. Timing using the Newton X-Ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory over a 2.4 yr span reveals no significant change in its spin period. The 2 sigma upper limit on the period derivative leads, in the dipole spin-down formalism, to an energy loss rate. E < 7 x 10(33) ergs s(-1), surface magnetic field strength B-p < 1.5 x 10(11) G, and characteristic age tau(c) P/2P > 8 Myr. This value of tau(c) exceeds the age of the SNR by 3 orders of magnitude, implying that the pulsar was born spinning at its current period. However, the X-ray luminosity of L-bol approximate to 3 x 10(33)( d/7.1 kpc)(2) ergs s(-1) is a large fraction of E, which challenges the rotation-powered assumption. Instead, its high blackbody temperature kT(BB) 0.46 +/- 0.04 keV, small blackbody radius R-BB approximate to 0.8 km, and large pulsed fraction fp approximate to 80% may be evidence of accretion onto a polar cap, possibly from a fallback disk made of supernova debris. If B-p < 10(10) G, an accretion disk can penetrate the light cylinder and interact with the magnetosphere, while resulting torques on the neutron star remain within the observed limits. A weak B field is also inferred in another CCO, the 424 ms pulsar, from its steady spin and soft X-ray absorption lines. We propose this origin of radio-quiet CCOs: the magnetic field, derived from a turbulent dynamo, is weaker if the neutron star is formed spinning slowly, which enables it to accrete supernova debris. Accretion excludes neutron stars born with both B-p < 10(11) G and P > 0.1 s from radio pulsar surveys, where B-p < 10(11) G is not encountered except among very old (tau(c) > 40 Myr) or recycled pulsars. Finally, such a CCO, if born in SN 1987A, could explain the nondetection of a pulsar there. C1 Columbia Univ, Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Halpern, JP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 54 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP 1304 EP 1310 DI 10.1086/519557 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DK UT WOS:000248676200037 ER PT J AU Ness, JU Starrfield, S Beardmore, AP Bode, MF Drake, JJ Evans, A Gehrz, RD Goad, MR Gonzalez-Riestra, R Hauschildt, P Krautter, J O'Brien, TJ Osborne, JP Page, KL Schonrich, RA Woodward, CE AF Ness, J.-U. Starrfield, S. Beardmore, A. P. Bode, M. F. Drake, J. J. Evans, A. Gehrz, R. D. Goad, M. R. Gonzalez-Riestra, R. Hauschildt, P. Krautter, J. O'Brien, T. J. Osborne, J. P. Page, K. L. Schoenrich, R. A. Woodward, C. E. TI The SSS phase of RS ophiuchi observed with Chandra and XMM-Newton. I. data and preliminary modeling SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual ( RS Ophiuchi); novae, cataclysmic variables; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY-EMISSION; GRATING SPECTROMETER; PHOTOIONIZED PLASMAS; V4743 SAGITTARII; LINE INTENSITIES; RECURRENT NOVAE; 1985 OUTBURST; LIGHT-CURVE; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE AB The phase of supersoft source (SSS) emission of the sixth recorded outburst of the recurrent nova RS Oph was observed on days 39.7 and 66.9 after outburst with Chandra and on day 54.0 with XMM-Newton. A similar to 35 s period on day 54.0 originates from the SSS emission and not from the shock. We discuss the bound-free absorption by neutral elements in the line of sight, resonance absorption lines plus self-absorbed emission-line components, collisionally excited emission lines from the shock, He-like intersystem lines, and spectral changes during an episode of high-amplitude variability. We find a decrease of the oxygen K-shell absorption edge that can be explained by photoionization of oxygen. The absorption component has average velocities of -1286 +/- 267 km s(-1) on day 39.7 and of -771 +/- 65 km s(-1) on day 66.9. The wavelengths of the emission-line components are at rest wavelengths, as confirmed by measurements of non-self-absorbed He-like intersystem lines. We found collisionally excited emission lines from the radiatively cooling shock at wavelengths shorter than 15 A that are systematically blueshifted by -526 +/- 114 km s(-1) on day 39.7 and are fading. We found anomalous He-like f/i ratios, which indicates either high densities or significant UV radiation near the plasma where the emission lines are formed. During the phase of strong variability the spectral hardness light curve overlies the total light curve when shifted by 1000 s. This can be explained by photoionization of neutral oxygen in the line of sight if the densities are of order 10(10)-10(11) cm(-3). C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Keele, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ESAC, XMM Sci Operat Ctr, Madrid 28080, Spain. Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Sch Phys & Astron, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Univ Munich, Univ Sternwarte, D-81697 Munich, Germany. RP Ness, JU (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Jan-Uwe.Ness@asu.edu; sumner.starrfield@asu.edu NR 48 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP 1334 EP 1348 DI 10.1086/519676 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DK UT WOS:000248676200040 ER PT J AU Testa, P Drake, JJ Peres, G Huenemoerder, DP AF Testa, Paola Drake, Jeremy J. Peres, Giovanni Huenemoerder, David P. TI On X-ray optical depth in the coronae of active stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; stars : coronae; stars : late-type; X-rays : stars ID BINARY IM PEGASI; L-SHELL IONS; STELLAR CORONAE; II-PEGASI; EMISSION-LINES; SURFACE IMAGES; ATOMIC DATA; AB-DORADUS; XMM-NEWTON; TW HYDRAE AB We have investigated the optical thickness of the coronal plasma through the analysis of high-resolution X-ray spectra of a large sample of active stars observed with the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer on Chandra. In particular, we probed for the presence of significant resonant scattering in the strong Lyman series lines arising from hydrogen-like oxygen and neon ions. The active RS CVn-type binaries II Peg and IM Peg and the single M dwarf EV Lac show significant optical depth. For these active coronae, the Ly alpha/Ly beta ratios are significantly depleted as compared with theoretical predictions and with the same ratios observed in similar active stars. Interpreting these decrements in terms of resonance scattering of line photons out of the line of sight, we are able to derive an estimate for the typical size of coronal structures, and from these we also derive estimates of coronal filling factors. For all three sources we find that both the photon path length as a fraction of the stellar radius and the implied surface filling factors are very small and amount to a few percent at most. The measured Ly alpha/Ly beta ratios are in good agreement with APED theoretical predictions, thus indicating negligible optical depth, for the other sources in our sample. We discuss the implications for coronal structuring and heating flux requirements. For the stellar sample as a whole, the data suggest increasing quenching of Ly alpha relative to Ly beta as a function of both L-X/L-bol and the density-sensitive Mg XI forbidden-to-intercombination line ratio, as might generally be expected. C1 MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, Sezione Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. RP Testa, P (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM testa@space.mit.edu OI PERES, Giovanni/0000-0002-6033-8180 NR 72 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP 1349 EP 1360 DI 10.1086/519920 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DK UT WOS:000248676200041 ER PT J AU Grady, CA Schneider, G Hamaguchi, K Sitko, ML Carpenter, WJ Hines, D Collins, KA Williger, GM Woodgate, BE Henning, T Menard, F Wilner, D Petre, R Palunas, P Quirrenbach, A Nuth, JA Silverstone, MD Kim, JS AF Grady, C. A. Schneider, G. Hamaguchi, K. Sitko, M. L. Carpenter, W. J. Hines, D. Collins, K. A. Williger, G. M. Woodgate, B. E. Henning, Th. Menard, F. Wilner, D. Petre, R. Palunas, P. Quirrenbach, A. Nuth, J. A., III Silverstone, M. D. Kim, J. S. TI The disk and environment of a young Vega analog: HD 169142 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : visual; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : individual (2MASS 18242929-2946559, HD 22128, HD 36112, HD 142666, HD 169142, HD 220750); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID HERBIG-AE/BE STARS; X-RAY-EMISSION; 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; RAPIDLY ROTATING STAR; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; AE STAR; PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES AB We trace the disk of HD169142 (A8 Ve) from 0.57" to 1.4" (approximate to 80-200 AU projected distance) in 1.1 mu m scattered light with HST NICMOS coronagraphy. The azimuthally symmetric disk has a peak azimuthally medianed surface brightness (SB) of approximate to 5 mJy arcsec(-2) at 0.57" from the star, and drops alpha r(-3). This radial SB profile is consistent with the presence of spatially resolved PAH emission and a Meeus group I IR SED only if the inner disk is either substantially flatter than the outer disk or partially devoid of material. Analysis of new HST ACS FUV imagery in tandem with archival IUE data indicates. M-acc <= 10(-9) M circle dot yr(-1). We estimate the age of HD 169142 to be 6(-3)(+6) Myr by identifying 2MASS 18242929-2946559, located 9.3" to the southwest, as a 130 mas separation weak-line T Tauri binary that is comoving with HD 169142 at the 4 sigma confidence level. We find no evidence for any additional stellar companion in either the ACS or Chandra ACIS-S data at r <= 1". HD 169142 has previously been interpreted as a slowly rotating, chemically peculiar star. However, by combining the disk inclination and v sin i from the literature, we find that the star has upsilon(equatorial) approximate to 240 km s(-1), making it a rapid rotator, similar to Altair or Vega. The UV data for HD 169142 are consistent with gravity darkening, while the X-ray luminosity and spectrum resembles early F stars at the age of the beta Pictoris moving group, rather than mid-A stars. In this context, spectral features previously interpreted as evidence for chemical peculiarity are more likely to reflect the presence of a strong photospheric latitudinal temperature gradient. With such a gradient, HD 169142 should closely resemble Vega at the epoch of central disk clearing. C1 Eureka Sci, Oakland, CA 96002 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ExoPlanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Phys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. CNRS, UJF UMR 5571, Lab Astrophys, Grenoble, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Zent Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cosmochem Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Grady, CA (reprint author), Eureka Sci, 2452 Delmer,Suite 100, Oakland, CA 96002 USA. RI Woodgate, Bruce/D-2970-2012; Nuth, Joseph/E-7085-2012 NR 79 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP 1391 EP 1406 DI 10.1086/519757 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DK UT WOS:000248676200045 ER PT J AU Valencia, D Sasselov, DD O'Connell, RJ AF Valencia, Diana Sasselov, Dimitar D. O'Connell, Richard J. TI Detailed models of super-Earths: How well can we infer bulk properties? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE earth; planetary systems; planets and satellites : general ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; MASS PLANETS; EQUATION; RADIUS; STATE AB The field of extrasolar planets has rapidly expanded to include the detection of planets with masses smaller than that of Uranus. Many of these are expected to have little or no hydrogen and helium gas, and we might find Earth analogs among them. In this paper we describe our detailed interior models for a rich variety of such massive terrestrial and ocean planets in the 1-10 M circle plus range (super-Earths). The grid presented here allows the characterization of the bulk composition of super-Earths detected in transit and with a measured mass. We show that, on average, planet radius measurements to better than 5%, combined with mass measurements to better than 10%, would permit us to distinguish between an icy or rocky composition. This is due to the fact that there is a maximum radius a rocky terrestrial planet may achieve for a given mass. Any value of the radius above this maximum terrestrial radius implies that the planet contains a large (> 10%) amount of water (ocean planet). C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Valencia, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM valencia@mail.geophysics.harvard.edu NR 30 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP 1413 EP 1420 DI 10.1086/519554 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DK UT WOS:000248676200047 ER PT J AU Su, YN Van Ballegooijen, A McCaughey, J Deluca, E Reeves, KK Golub, L AF Su, Yingna Van Ballegooijen, Adriaan McCaughey, James Deluca, Edward Reeves, Katharine K. Golub, Leon TI What determines the intensity of solar flare/CME events? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : corona; sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); sun : flares; sun : magnetic fields; sun : photosphere ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ACTIVE REGIONS; MAGNETIC ENERGY; CME VELOCITY; FLUX; MODEL; CONFIGURATION; RECONNECTION; ENERGETICS; SHEAR AB We present a comprehensive statistical study addressing the question of what determines the intensity of a solar flare and associated coronal mass ejection (CME). For a sample of 18 two-ribbon flares associated with CMEs, we have examined the correlations between the GOES soft X-ray peak flare flux (PFF), the CME speed (V-CME) obtained from SOHO LASCO observations, and six magnetic parameters of the flaring active region. These six parameters measured from both TRACE and SOHO MDI observations are: the average background magnetic field strength (B), the area of the region where B is counted (S), the magnetic flux of this region (Phi), the initial shear angle (theta(1), measured at the flare onset), the final shear angle (theta(2), measured at the time when the shear change stops), and the change of shear angle (theta(12) = theta(1) - theta(2)) of the footpoints. We have found no correlation between theta(1) and the intensity of flare/CME events, while the other five parameters are either positively or negatively correlated with both log(10)(PFF) and V-CME. Among these five parameters, Phi and theta(12) show the most significant correlations with log(10)(PFF) and V-CME. The fact that both log(10)(PFF) and V-CME are highly correlated with theta(12) rather than with theta(1) indicates that the intensity of flare/CME events may depend on the released magnetic free energy rather than the total free energy stored prior to the flare. We have also found that a linear combination of a subset of these six parameters shows a much better correlation with the intensity of flare/CME events than each parameter itself, and the combination of log(10) Phi, theta(1), and theta(12) is the top-ranked combination. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Acad Sinica, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. RP Su, YN (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Su, Yingna/J-1674-2012; Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013; OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895; van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540; Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP 1448 EP 1459 DI 10.1086/519679 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DK UT WOS:000248676200051 ER PT J AU Bolton, AS Burles, S Treu, T Koopmans, LVE Moustakas, LA AF Bolton, Adam S. Burles, Scott Treu, Tommaso Koopmans, Leon V. E. Moustakas, Leonidas A. TI A more fundamental plane SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular; cD; gravitational lensing ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LENS ACS SURVEY; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; FIELD GALAXIES; INTERMEDIATE-REDSHIFT; STELLAR POPULATIONS; SCALING RELATIONS; STAR-FORMATION AB We combine strong-lensing masses with SDSS stellar velocity dispersions and HST ACS effective (half-light) radii for 36 lens galaxies from the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey to study the mass dependence of mass-dynamical structure in early-type galaxies. We find that over a 180-390 km s(-1) range in velocity dispersion, structure is independent of lensing mass to within 5%. This result suggests a systematic variation in the total (i.e., luminous plus dark matter) mass-to-light ratio as the origin of the "tilt" of the fundamental plane ( FP) scaling relationship between galaxy size, velocity dispersion, and surface brightness. We construct the FP of the lens sample, which we find to be consistent with the FP of the parent SDSS early-type galaxy population. We also present the first observational correlation between the mass-to-light ratio and residuals about the FP. Finally, we reformulate the FP in terms of surface mass density rather than surface brightness. By removing the complexities of stellar-population effects, this mass-plane formulation will facilitate comparison to numerical simulations and possible use as a cosmological distance indicator. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Bolton, AS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM abolton@cfa.harvard.edu; burles@mit.edu; tt@physics.ucsb.edu; koopmans@astro.rug.nl; leonidas@jpl.nasa.gov NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP L105 EP L108 DI 10.1086/521357 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DM UT WOS:000248676400006 ER PT J AU Carlson, LR Sabbi, E Sirianni, M Hora, JL Nota, A Meixner, M Gallagher, JS Oey, MS Pasquali, A Smith, LJ Tosi, M Walterbos, R AF Carlson, Lynn Redding Sabbi, E. Sirianni, M. Hora, J. L. Nota, A. Meixner, M. Gallagher, J. S., III Oey, M. S. Pasquali, A. Smith, L. J. Tosi, M. Walterbos, R. TI Progressive star formation in the young SMC cluster NGC 602 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : star clusters; ISM : individual (N90); open clusters and associations : individual (NGC 602); stars : formation; Magellanic Clouds; stars : pre-main-sequence ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; POPULATION; SEQUENCE; NGC-346; REGION; CAMERA; BRIDGE AB NGC 602 is a young stellar cluster located in a peripheral region of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) known as the wing. Far from the main body of the galaxy and abutting the Magellanic Bridge, the SMC's wing is characterized by low gas and stellar content. With deep optical imaging from the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we have discovered an extensive pre-main-sequence (PMS) population, with stellar masses in the range 0.6-3 M circle dot. These low-mass PMS stars formed coevally with the M, central cluster about 4 Myr ago. Spitzer IRAC images of the same region also reveal a population of young stellar objects, some of which are still embedded in nebular material and most of which likely formed even more recently than the young stars detected with HST ACS imaging. We infer that star formation started in this region similar to 4 Myr ago with the formation of the central cluster and gradually propagated toward the outskirts where star formation is presently ongoing. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. UCL, London, England. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Bologna, Bologna, Italy. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Carlson, LR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM carlson@stsci.edu; sabbi@stsci.edu; sirianni@stsci.edu; jhora@cfa.harvard.edu; nota@stsci.edu; meixner@stsci.edu; jsg@astro.wisc.edu; msoey@umich.edu; pasquali@mpia-hd.mpg.de; lsmith@stsci.edu; monica.tosi@oabo.inaf.it; rwalterb@nmsu.edu RI Tosi, Monica/O-9377-2015 OI Tosi, Monica/0000-0002-0986-4759 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP L109 EP L114 DI 10.1086/521023 PN 2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DM UT WOS:000248676400007 ER PT J AU Dame, TM AF Dame, T. M. TI On the distance and molecular environment of Westerlund 2 and HESS J102-575 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; ISM : individual (HESS J1023-575); ISM : molecules open; clusters and associations : individual (Westerlund 2) ID GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY; H-II REGIONS; CLUSTER WESTERLUND-2; SHOCK FORMATION; STAR FORMATION; CO SURVEY; CLOUDS; GALAXY; EMISSION; RCW-49 AB The extended TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1023-575 is coincident with the massive, young stellar cluster Westerlund 2 ( Wd2) and its surrounding H II region RCW 49. On the basis of an analysis of the CO emission and 21 cm absorption along the line of sight to Wd2, it is argued that this cluster, and by assumption the TeV source as well, must be associated with a giant molecular cloud in the far side of the Carina arm with a mass of 7.5 x 10(5) M circle dot. Analysis of the spatial and velocity structure of the cloud reveals clear evidence of interaction with Wd2. The cloud's kinematic distance of 6.0 +/- 1.0 kpc is shown to be consistent with distances inferred from both the radius-line width relation of molecular clouds and the foreground gas column derived from 230 X-ray sources in Wd2. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dame, TM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tdame@cfa.harvard.edu NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP L163 EP L166 DI 10.1086/521363 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DM UT WOS:000248676400020 ER PT J AU Drake, JJ Ercolano, B AF Drake, Jeremy J. Ercolano, Barbara TI The detectability of neon fluorescence and measurement of the solar photospheric neon abundance SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sun : abundances; sun : activity; sun : corona; X-rays : stars ID ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; MAXIMUM-MISSION; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; QUIET SUN; X-RAYS; IRON; PHOTOIONIZATION; CHROMOSPHERE; WAVELENGTHS AB Monte Carlo calculations of the Ne K alpha line fluoresced by coronal X-rays and emitted near the temperature minimum region of the solar atmosphere have been employed to investigate the use of this feature to measure directly the solar photospheric Ne abundance. Although very weak, comparison with spectral line databases indicates that at plasma temperatures typical of the quiet Sun and cool active regions (<= 2 x 10(6) K) the line is isolated and unblended. A canonical solar chemical composition yields an equivalent width of similar to 6 m angstrom (0.3 eV) when observed at heliocentric angles similar to 0. For a 1' field of view, photon fluxes at Earth are of order 0.2 photons s(-1) for the quiet Sun, rendering the Ne K alpha fluorescent line a quite feasible means for determining the solar photospheric Ne content. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Drake, JJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, MS 3, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jdrake@cfa.harvard.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP L175 EP L178 DI 10.1086/521190 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DM UT WOS:000248676400023 ER PT J AU Jonker, PG Steeghs, D Chakrabarty, D Juett, AM AF Jonker, Peter G. Steeghs, Daniel Chakrabarty, Deepto Juett, Adrienne M. TI The cold neutron star in the soft X-ray transient 1H-1905+000 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion disks; binaries : general; stars : individual (1H 1905+000); stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID BLACK-HOLES; BINARIES; QUIESCENCE; ACCRETION; CATALOG; CHANDRA; LUMINOSITY; ADVECTION; RADIATION; EMISSION AB We report on our analysis of 300 ks of Chandra observations of the neutron star soft X-ray transient 1H 1905+000 in quiescence. We do not detect the source down to a 95% confidence unabsorbed flux upper limit of 2 x 10(-16) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) in the 0.5-10 keV energy range for an assumed Gamma = 2 power-law spectral model. A limit of 1.4 x 10(-16) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) is derived if we assume that the spectrum of 1H 1905+000 in quiescence is described well with a blackbody of temperature of 0.2 keV. For the upper limit to the source distance of 10 kpc this yields a 0.5-10 keV luminosity limit of 2.4 x 10(30) ergs s(-1)/1.7 x 10(30) ergs s(-1) for the abovementioned power law or blackbody spectrum, respectively. This luminosity limit is lower than the luminosity of A0620-00, the weakest black hole soft X-ray transient in quiescence reported so far. Together with the uncertainties in relating the mass transfer and mass accretion rates we come to the conclusion that the claim that there is evidence for the presence of a black hole event horizon on the basis of a lower quiescent luminosity for black holes than for neutron stars is unproven. We also briefly discuss the implications of the low quiescent luminosity of 1H 1905+000 for the neutron star equation of state. Using deep Magellan images of the field of 1H 1905+000 obtained at excellent observing conditions, we do not detect the quiescent counterpart of 1H 1905+000 at the position of the outburst optical counterpart down to a magnitude limit of i' > 25.3. This can be converted to a limit on the absolute magnitude of the counterpart of I >9.6, which implies that the counterpart can only be a brown or a white dwarf. C1 SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Jonker, PG (reprint author), SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM p.jonker@sron.nl; dsteeghs@cfa.harvard.edu; deepto@space.mit.edu; amj3r@astsun.astro.virginia.edu RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP L147 EP L150 DI 10.1086/521079 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DM UT WOS:000248676400016 ER PT J AU Meibom, S Mathieu, RD Stassun, KG AF Meibom, Soren Mathieu, Robert D. Stassun, Keivan G. TI The effect of binarity on stellar rotation: Beyond the reach of tides SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : spectroscopic; open clusters and associations : individual (M35); stars : late-type; stars : rotation ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM EVOLUTION; PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE; SOLAR-TYPE; OPEN CLUSTER; ORBITAL ELEMENTS; ACCRETION DISKS; TIDAL EVOLUTION; YOUNG STARS; DYNAMICS; MULTIPLICITY AB We present a comparison between the rotation period distributions of solar-type single stars and primary stars in close binaries (0.1 AU less than or similar to a less than or similar to 5 AU) in the young (similar to 150 Myr) open cluster M35 (NGC 2168). We find that the primary stars in the close binaries rotate faster than the single stars, on average. The differences in the means and medians between the period distributions are statistically significant at the 99.9% level or higher. The faster rotation among the primary stars in close binaries is not due to tidal synchronization as tidally evolved stars are excluded from the comparison. We discuss this result in the context of different early-evolution accretion processes and star-disk interactions for single stars and stars in close binaries. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Meibom, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM smeibom@cfa.harvard.edu NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP L155 EP L158 DI 10.1086/521437 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DM UT WOS:000248676400018 ER PT J AU Winn, JN Johnson, JA Peek, KMG Marcy, GW Bakos, GA Enya, K Narita, N Suto, Y Turner, EL Vogt, SS AF Winn, Joshua N. Johnson, John Asher Peek, Kathryn M. G. Marcy, Geoffrey W. Bakos, Gaspar A. Enya, Keigo Narita, Norio Suto, Yasushi Turner, Edwin L. Vogt, Steven S. TI Spin-orbit alignment for the eccentric exoplanet hd 147506b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; planetary systems : formation; stars : individual (HD 147506, HAT-P-2); stars : rotation ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS; LIGHT-CURVE PROJECT; 51 PEGASI; TRANSIT; SEARCH; KECK; EVOLUTION; SPECTRA; STARS AB The short-period exoplanet HD 147506b (also known as HAT-P-2b) has an eccentric orbit, raising the possibility that it migrated through planet-planet scattering or Kozai oscillations accompanied by tidal dissipation. Either of these scenarios could have significantly tilted the orbit relative to the host star's equatorial plane. Here we present spectroscopy of a transit of HD 147506b and assess the spin-orbit alignment via the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. We find the angle between the sky projections of the stellar spin axis and orbital axis to be aligned within 14 degrees. Thus, we find no corroborating evidence for scattering or Kozai migration, although these scenarios cannot be ruled out with the present data. C1 MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerospace Explorat Agcy, Dept Infrared Astrophys, Kanagawa 229, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Winn, JN (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Turner, Edwin/A-4295-2011 NR 31 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 2 BP L167 EP L170 DI 10.1086/521362 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DM UT WOS:000248676400021 ER PT J AU Filley, TR Crow, S Johnston, CT McCormick, M Szlavecz, K AF Filley, Timothy R. Crow, Susan Johnston, Cliff T. McCormick, Melissa Szlavecz, Katalin TI GEOC 50-The role of invasive earthworm activity on the chemical alteration trajectory of forest litter SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Filley, Timothy R.; Crow, Susan] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McCormick, Melissa] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Szlavecz, Katalin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM filley@purdue.edu; secrow@purdue.edu; clays@purdue.edu; mccormickm@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 50-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902838 ER PT J AU Morokuma, K Kerkines, I Wang, Z Zhang, P Chung, LW Lundberg, M Hayashi, S AF Morokuma, Keiji Kerkines, Ioannis Wang, Zhi Zhang, Peng Chung, Lung Wa Lundberg, Marcus Hayashi, Shigehiko TI PHYS 731-Chemical reactions in excited electronic states: Photodissociation of N3Cl and N3H, and color tuning and reaction mechanism of luciferase bioluminescence SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Morokuma, Keiji] Kyoto Univ, Dept Chem, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068103, Japan. [Morokuma, Keiji; Chung, Lung Wa; Lundberg, Marcus] Kyoto Univ, Fukui Inst Fundamental Chem, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068103, Japan. [Kerkines, Ioannis; Wang, Zhi] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kerkines, Ioannis; Wang, Zhi] Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Zhang, Peng] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hayashi, Shigehiko] Kyoto Univ, Dept Chem, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. EM morokuma@emory.edu; zwang6@emory.edu; pezhang@cfa.harvard.edu; lundberg@fukui.kyoto-u.ac.jp; hayashig@kuchem.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 731-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593907095 ER PT J AU Turner, SC AF Turner, Steven C. TI HIST 18-Raising the bar for those who followed: Henry Rowland and the solar spectrum SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Turner, Steven C.] Smithsonian Inst, Div Med & Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 18-HIST PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901830 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Dalgarno, A AF Zhang, Peng Dalgarno, Alexander TI PHYS 473-Ultracold ytterbium atom-ion collisions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhang, Peng] Harvard Univ, ITAMP, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pezhang@cfa.harvard.edu; adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 473-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593907123 ER PT J AU Garry, WB Zimbelman, JR Gregg, TKP AF Garry, W. Brent Zimbelman, James R. Gregg, Tracy K. P. TI Morphology and emplacement of a long channeled lava flow near Ascraeus Mons Volcano, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID EFFUSION RATES; ANALOG EXPERIMENTS; LENGTHS; RHEOLOGY; HAWAII; DOMES; QUANTIFICATION; SOLIDIFICATION; ERUPTIONS; SURFACE AB Channeled lava flows, hundreds of kilometers long, are common on the lower flanks of the Tharsis Montes on Mars. Our analysis of a 690- km- long lava flow along the southwest perimeter of Ascraeus Mons shows that it was emplaced on low local slopes (< 0.3 degrees), with a deep channel ( similar to 20 m), and at high effusion rates ( 19,000-29,000 m(3)/ s) calculated from the Graetz number. These parameters are similar to conditions needed to yield rapidly emplaced terrestrial flows > 100 km in length, but the maximum effusion rates necessary on Earth are essentially the minimum for Martian flows. On the basis of our calculated effusion rates, the eruption duration was 3 to 7 Earth months, assuming a constant effusion rate and continuous eruption. The morphology of the Ascraeus Mons flow shows similarities to terrestrial and simulated channeled flows. Downstream changes in morphology resemble those observed in the 1907 flow, Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii and channeled polyethylene glycol ( PEG) flows. Braided sections of the channel in the Ascraeus Mons flow contain islands which are hundreds of meters across and resemble features observed in the 1907 and 1984 flows on Mauna Loa Volcano. Crosscutting relationships suggest islands in the proximal section were shaped by thermal and mechanical erosion, whereas islands in the medial section are inferred to be material rafted by surges of lava through the channel. Overall, understanding the morphology of long lava flows on Mars is essential to the interpretation of their emplacement and constraining eruption conditions in the saddle regions of the Tharsis volcanoes. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Garry, WB (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM garryw@si.edu RI Garry, Brent/I-5920-2013 NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG 18 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E8 AR E08007 DI 10.1029/2006JE002803 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 202KF UT WOS:000248899700001 ER PT J AU Gupta, P Laha, S Simien, CE Gao, H Castro, J Killian, TC Pohl, T AF Gupta, P. Laha, S. Simien, C. E. Gao, H. Castro, J. Killian, T. C. Pohl, T. TI Electron-temperature evolution in expanding ultracold neutral plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 3-BODY RECOMBINATION; EXPANSION; VACUUM; BUNCH AB We have used the free expansion of ultracold neutral plasmas as a time-resolved probe of electron temperature. A combination of experimental measurements of the ion expansion velocity and numerical simulations characterize the crossover from an elastic-collision regime at low initial Gamma(e), which is dominated by adiabatic cooling of the electrons, to the regime of high Gamma(e) in which inelastic processes drastically heat the electrons. We identify the time scales and relative contributions of various processes, and we experimentally show the importance of radiative decay and disorder-induced electron heating for the first time in ultracold neutral plasmas. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gupta, P (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RI Pohl, Thomas/B-5133-2013 NR 28 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 7 AR 075005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.075005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 201XW UT WOS:000248866900030 PM 17930904 ER PT J AU Kastel, J Fleischhauer, M Yelin, SF Walsworth, RL AF Kaestel, Juergen Fleischhauer, Michael Yelin, Susanne F. Walsworth, Ronald L. TI Tunable negative refraction without absorption via electromagnetically induced chirality SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION; INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; INDEX METAMATERIALS; PERFECT-LENS AB We show that negative refraction with minimal absorption can be obtained by means of quantum interference effects similar to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Coupling a magnetic dipole transition coherently with an electric dipole transition leads to electromagnetically induced chirality, which can provide negative refraction without requiring negative permeability and also suppress absorption. This technique allows negative refraction in the optical regime at densities where the magnetic susceptibility is still small and with refraction/absorption ratios that are orders of magnitude larger than those achievable previously. Furthermore, the refractive index can be fine-tuned, which is essential for practical realization of subdiffraction-limit imaging. As with EIT, electromagnetically induced chirality should be applicable to a wide range of systems. C1 Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kastel, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RI Fleischhauer, Michael/G-6716-2011 NR 31 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 7 AR 073602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.073602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 201XW UT WOS:000248866900021 PM 17930895 ER PT J AU Weekes, T AF Weekes, Trevor TI Astrophysics - Photons from a hotter hell SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACTIVE GALAXY MARKARIAN-421; TEV PHOTONS C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Weekes, T (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM tweekes@cfa.harvard.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 16 PY 2007 VL 448 IS 7155 BP 760 EP 762 DI 10.1038/448760a PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 200HJ UT WOS:000248754200025 PM 17700686 ER PT J AU Ercolano, B Bastian, N Stasinska, G AF Ercolano, B. Bastian, N. Stasinska, G. TI The effects of spatially distributed ionization sources on the temperature structure of HII regions SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; HII regions; galaxies : abundances ID H-II REGIONS; TELESCOPE ECHELLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; OXYGEN ABUNDANCE DETERMINATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PLANETARY-NEBULA; COMPOSITION GRADIENT; PHOTOIONIZATION; LINE; EMISSION AB Spatially resolved studies of star-forming regions show that the assumption of spherical geometry is not realistic in most cases, with a major complication posed by the gas being ionized by multiple non-centrally located stars or star clusters. Geometrical effects including the spatial configuration of ionizing sources affect the temperature and ionization structure of these regions. We try to isolate the effects of multiple non-centrally located stars via the construction of 3D photoionization models using the 3D Monte Carlo photoionization code MOCASSIN with very simple gas density distributions, but various spatial configurations for the ionization sources. Our first aim is to study the resulting temperature structure of the gas and investigate the behaviour of temperature fluctuations within the ionized region. We show that geometry affects the temperature structures in our models differently according to metallicity. For the geometries and stellar populations considered in our study, at intermediate and high metallicities, models with ionizing sources distributed in the full volume, whose Stromgren spheres rarely overlap, show smaller temperature fluctuation than their central ionization counterparts, with fully overlapping concentric Stromgren spheres. The reverse is true at low metallicities. Finally, the true temperature fluctuations due to the stellar distribution (as opposed to the large-scale temperature gradients due to other gas properties) are small in all cases and not a significant cause of error in metallicity studies. Emission-line spectra from H II regions are often used to study the metallicity of star-forming regions, as well as providing a constraint for temperatures and luminosities of the ionizing sources. Empirical metallicity diagnostics must often be calibrated with the aid of photoionization models. However, most studies so far have been carried out by assuming spherical or plane-parallel geometries, with major limitations on allowed gas and dust density distributions and with the spatial distribution of multiple, non-centrally located ionizing sources not being accounted for. We compare integrated emission-line spectra from our models and quantify any systematic errors caused by the simplifying assumption of a single, central location for all ionizing sources. We find that the dependence of the metallicity indicators on the ionization parameter causes a clear bias due to the fact that models with a fully distributed configuration of stars always display lower ionization parameters than their fully concentrated counterparts. The errors found imply that the geometrical distribution of ionization sources may partly account for the large scatter in metallicities derived using model-calibrated empirical methods. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, LUTH, Observ Paris, F-92190 Meudon, France. RP Ercolano, B (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bercolano@head.cfa.harvard.edu NR 69 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 3 BP 945 EP 955 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12002.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209GO UT WOS:000249377200008 ER PT J AU Russell, DM Fender, RP Jonker, PG AF Russell, D. M. Fender, R. P. Jonker, P. G. TI Evidence for a jet contribution to the optical/infrared light of neutron star X-ray binaries SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion discs; ISM : jets and outflows; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID ACCRETING MILLISECOND PULSAR; SOUTHERN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; CENTAURUS X-4; CIRCINUS X-1; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS; SPECTRAL BEHAVIOR; SAX J1808.4-3658 AB Optical/near-infrared (optical/NIR, OIR) light from low-mass neutron star X-ray binaries (NSXBs) in outburst is traditionally thought to be thermal emission from the accretion disc. Here we present a comprehensive collection of quasi-simultaneous OIR and X-ray data from 19 low magnetic field NSXBs, including new observations of three sources: 4U 0614+09, LMC X-2 and GX 349+2. The average radio-OIR spectrum for NSXBs is alpha approximate to + 0.2 (where L-nu proportional to nu(alpha)) at least at high luminosities when the radio jet is detected. This is comparable to, but slightly more inverted than the alpha approximate to 0.0 found for black hole X-ray binaries. The OIR spectra and relations between OIR and X-ray fluxes are compared to those expected if the OIR emission is dominated by thermal emission from an X-ray or viscously heated disc, or synchrotron emission from the inner regions of the jets. We find that thermal emission due to X-ray reprocessing can explain all the data except at high luminosities for some NSXBs, namely, the atolls and millisecond X-ray pulsars. Optically thin synchrotron emission from the jets (with an observed OIR spectral index of alpha(thin) < 0) dominate the NIR light above L-X approximate to 10(36) erg s(-1) and the optical above L-X approximate to 10(37) erg s(-1) in these systems. For NSXB Z-sources, the OIR observations can be explained by X-ray reprocessing alone, although synchrotron emission may make a low-level contribution to the NIR, and could dominate the OIR in one or two cases. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. SRON, Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Russell, DM (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM davidr@phys.soton.ac.uk NR 96 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 3 BP 1108 EP 1116 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12008.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209GO UT WOS:000249377200025 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MT Callanan, PJ Fruchter, AS Torres, MAP Beer, ME Gibbons, RA AF Reynolds, M. T. Callanan, P. J. Fruchter, A. S. Torres, M. A. P. Beer, M. E. Gibbons, R. A. TI The light curve of the companion to PSR B1957+20 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; stars : low mass, brown dwarfs; stars : neutron; pulsars : individual : PSR B1957+20 ID X-RAY BINARIES; LOW-MASS STARS; BLACK-WIDOW PULSARS; MILLISECOND PULSAR; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; NEUTRON-STARS; HZ HERCULIS; PSR 1957; EVOLUTION; B1957+20 AB We present a new analysis of the light curve for the secondary star in the eclipsing binary millisecond pulsar system PSR B1957+20. Combining previous data and new data points at minimum from the Hubble Space Telescope, we have 100 per cent coverage in the R-band. We also have a number of new K-s-band data points, which we use to constrain the infrared magnitude of the system. We model this with the eclipsing light-curve (ELC) code. From the modelling with the ELC code we obtain colour information about the secondary at minimum light in BVRI and K. For our best-fitting model we are able to constrain the system inclination to 65 degrees +/- 2 degrees for pulsar masses ranging from 1.3 to 1.9 M-circle dot. The pulsar mass is unconstrained. We also find that the secondary star is not filling its Roche lobe. The temperature of the unirradiated side of the companion is in agreement with previous estimates and we find that the observed temperature gradient across the secondary star is physically sustainable. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Cork, Ireland. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. RP Reynolds, MT (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Cork, Ireland. EM m.reynolds@ucc.ie RI huang, yu ping/E-6856-2011 NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 3 BP 1117 EP 1122 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11991.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209GO UT WOS:000249377200026 ER PT J AU Li, YL Hernquist, L Robertson, B Cox, TJ Hopkins, PF Springel, V Gao, L Di Matteo, T Zentner, AR Jenkins, A Yoshida, N AF Li, Yuexing Hernquist, Lars Robertson, Brant Cox, Thomas J. Hopkins, Philip F. Springel, Volker Gao, Liang Di Matteo, Tiziana Zentner, Andrew R. Jenkins, Adrian Yoshida, Naoki TI Formation of z similar to 6 quasars from hierarchical galaxy mergers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE black hole physics; cosmology : theory; early universe; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : starburst; methods : numerical; quasars : general; quasars : individual (SDSS J1148+5251) ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; COLD DARK-MATTER; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; BH-SIGMA RELATION; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS AB The discovery of luminous quasars at redshift z similar to 6 indicates the presence of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) of mass similar to 109 M-circle dot when the universe was less than 1 billion years old. This finding presents several challenges for theoretical models because whether such massive objects can form so early in the Lambda CDM cosmology, the leading theory for cosmic structure formation, is an open question. Furthermore, whether the formation process requires exotic physics such as super-Eddington accretion remains undecided. Here we present the first multiscale simulations that, together with a self-regulated model for the SMBH growth, produce a luminous quasar at z similar to 6.5 in the Lambda CDM paradigm. We follow the hierarchical assembly history of the most massive halo in a similar to 3 Gpc(3) volume and find that this halo of similar to 8 x 10(12) M-circle dot forming at z similar to 6.5 after several major mergers is able to reproduce a number of observed properties of SDSS J1148+5251, the most distant quasar detected at z 6.42 (Fan et al. 2003). Moreover, the SMBHs grow through gas accretion below the Eddington limit in a self-regulated manner owing to feedback. We find that the progenitors experience vigorous star formation ( up to 10(4) M-circle dot yr(-1)) preceding the major quasar phase such that the stellar mass of the quasar host reaches 10(12) M-circle dot at z similar to 6.5, consistent with observations of significant metal enrichment in SDSS J1148+5251. The merger remnant thus obeys a similar M-BH-M-bulge scaling relation observed locally as a consequence of coeval growth and evolution of the SMBH and its host galaxy. Our results provide a viable formation mechanism for z similar to 6 quasars in the standard Lambda CDM cosmology and demonstrate a common, merger-driven origin for the rarest quasars and the fundamental M-BH-M-bulge correlation in a hierarchical universe. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmolog Phys, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM yxli@cfa.harvard.edu RI Yoshida, Naoki/A-4305-2011; Di Matteo, Tiziana/O-4762-2014; Gao, Liang/O-6598-2014; OI Di Matteo, Tiziana/0000-0002-6462-5734; Jenkins, Adrian/0000-0003-4389-2232 NR 239 TC 188 Z9 188 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 1 BP 187 EP 208 DI 10.1086/519297 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DF UT WOS:000248675700014 ER PT J AU Williams, RJ Mathur, S Nicastro, F Elvis, M AF Williams, Rik J. Mathur, Smita Nicastro, Fabrizio Elvis, Martin TI Chandra and far ultraviolet spectroscopic explorer observations of z similar to 0 warm-hot gas toward pks 2155-304 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID X-RAY FOREST; HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; LOW-REDSHIFT; LY-ALPHA; RESONANCE LINES; MISSING BARYONS; GALACTIC HALO; LOCAL GROUP; ABSORPTION AB The X-ray-bright z = 0.116 quasar PKS 2155 - 304 is frequently observed as a Chandra calibration source, with a total of 483 ks of Low Energy Transmission Grating (LETG) exposure time accumulated through May 2006. Highly ionized metal absorption lines, including numerous lines at z = 0 and a putative O VIII K alpha line at z = 0.055, have been reported in past Chandra studies of this source. Using all available Chandra LETG spectra and analysis techniques developed for such z = 0 X-ray absorption along other sight lines, we revisit these previous detections. We detect four absorption lines at > 3 sigma significance ( O VIII K alpha/beta, O VIII K alpha, and Ne IX K alpha), with O VIII K alpha being a 7.3 sigma detection. The 1 sigma range of z = 0 O VII column density and Doppler parameter are consistent with that derived for Mrk 421 and within 2 sigma of the Mrk 279 absorption. Temperatures and densities inferred from the relative O VII and other ionic column densities are found to be consistent with either the local warm-hot intergalactic medium or a Galactic corona. Unlike the local X-ray absorbers seen in other sight lines, a link with the low- or high-velocity far-ultraviolet O vi absorption lines cannot be ruled out. The z = 0.055 O VIII absorption reported by Fang et al. is seen with 3.5 sigma confidence in the ACIS/LETG spectrum, but no other absorption lines are found at the same redshift. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Osserv Astron Roma, Ist Nazl Astro Fis, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. RP Williams, RJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 174 W 18Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. OI Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364 NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 1 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1086/518818 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DF UT WOS:000248675700019 ER PT J AU Aguti, ED Lada, CJ Bergin, EA Alves, JF Birkinshaw, M AF Aguti, E. D. Lada, C. J. Bergin, E. A. Alves, J. F. Birkinshaw, M. TI The dynamical state of the starless dense core FeSt 1-457: A pulsating globule? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : globules; ISM : individual (FeSt 1-457); ISM : molecules ID DARK CLOUD; PIPE NEBULA; EXTINCTION; GRADIENTS; EVOLUTION; N2H+ AB High-resolution molecular line observations of CS (J = 2 -> 1), HCO+ (J = 1 -> 0), (CO)-O-18 (J = 1 -> 0), (CO)-O-18 (J = 2 -> 1), and N2H+ (J = 1 -> 0) were obtained toward the starless globule FeSt 1-457 in order to investigate its kinematics and chemistry. The HCO+ and CS spectra show clear self-reversed and asymmetric profiles across the face of the globule. The sense of the observed asymmetry is indicative of the global presence of expansion motions in the outer layers of the globule. These motions appear to be subsonic and significantly below the escape velocity of the globule. Comparison of our observations with near-infrared extinction data indicate that the globule is gravitationally bound. Taken together, these considerations lead us to suggest that the observed expansion has its origin in an oscillatory motion of the outer layers of the globule, which itself is likely in a quasi-stable state near hydrostatic equilibrium. Analysis of the observed line widths of (CO)-O-18 and N2H+ (J = 1 -> 0) confirm that thermal pressure is the dominant component of the cloud's internal support. A simple calculation suggests that the dominant mode of pulsation would be an l = 2 mode with a period of similar to 3 x 10(5) yr. Deformation of the globule due to the large amplitude l = 2 oscillation may be responsible for the double-peaked structure of the core detected in high-resolution extinction maps. Detailed comparison of the molecular-line observations and extinction data provides evidence for significant depletion of (CO)-O-18 and perhaps HCO+, while N2H+ (J = 1 -> 0) may be undepleted to a cloud depth of similar to 40 mag of visual extinction. C1 Univ Bristol, Astrophys Grp, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Astron Hispano Aleman, Calar Alto Observ, E-04004 Almeria, Spain. RP Aguti, ED (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Astrophys Grp, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. EM esther.aguti@bristol.ac.uk; clada@cfa.harvard.edu; ebergin@umich.edu; jalves@caha.es OI Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 1 BP 457 EP 465 DI 10.1086/519272 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DF UT WOS:000248675700034 ER PT J AU Bhat, NDR Wayth, RB Knight, HS Bowman, JD Oberoi, D Barnes, DG Briggs, FH Cappallo, RJ Herne, D Kocz, J Lonsdale, CJ Lynch, MJ Stansby, B Stevens, J Torr, G Webster, RL Wyithe, JSB AF Bhat, N. D. Ramesh Wayth, Randall B. Knight, Haydon S. Bowman, Judd D. Oberoi, Divya Barnes, David G. Briggs, Frank H. Cappallo, Roger J. Herne, David Kocz, Jonathon Lonsdale, Colin J. Lynch, Mervyn J. Stansby, Bruce Stevens, Jamie Torr, Glen Webster, Rachel L. Wyithe, J. Stuart B. TI Detection of crab giant pulses using the Mileura Widefield Array Low Frequency Demonstrator field prototype system SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (Crab Nebula); ISM : structure; pulsars : general; pulsars : individual (Crab pulsar); scattering ID MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS; ANOMALOUS SCATTERING; RADIO PULSES; PULSARS; NEBULA; DISPERSION; VARIABILITY; TELESCOPE; NP-0532; RAY AB We report on the detection of giant pulses from the Crab Nebula pulsar at a frequency of 200 MHz using the field deployment system designed for the Mileura Widefield Array's Low Frequency Demonstrator ( MWA-LFD). Our observations are among the first high-quality detections at such low frequencies. The measured pulse shapes are deconvolved for interstellar pulse broadening, yielding a pulse-broadening time of 670 +/- 100 mu s, and the implied strength of scattering (scattering measure) is the lowest that is estimated toward the Crab Nebula from observations made so far. The sensitivity of the system is largely dictated by the sky background, and our simple equipment is capable of detecting pulses that are brighter than similar to 9 kJy in amplitude. The brightest giant pulse detected in our data has a peak amplitude of similar to 50 kJy, and the implied brightness temperature is 10(31.6) K. We discuss the giant pulse detection prospects with the full MWA-LFD system. With a sensitivity over 2 orders of magnitude larger than the prototype equipment, the full system will be capable of detecting such bright giant pulses out to a wide range of Galactic distances; from similar to 15 to similar to 30 kpc depending on the frequency. The MWA-LFD will thus be a highly promising instrument for the studies of giant pulses and other fast radio transients at low frequencies. C1 Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomputing, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT, Australia. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Clayton, Vic 1710, Australia. Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Perth, WA, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Fac Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Bhat, NDR (reprint author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomputing, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RI Wayth, Randall/B-2444-2013; Bhat, Ramesh/B-7396-2013; OI Wayth, Randall/0000-0002-6995-4131; Kocz, Jonathon/0000-0003-0249-7586; LYNCH, Mervyn/0000-0003-4003-0880 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 1 BP 618 EP 627 DI 10.1086/519444 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DF UT WOS:000248675700044 ER PT J AU Narayan, R Cooper, RL AF Narayan, Ramesh Cooper, Randall L. TI Generation of type I X-ray burst oscillations by unstable surface modes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : bursts ID ACCRETING NEUTRON-STARS; THERMONUCLEAR RUNAWAYS; MILLISECOND PULSAR; R-MODES; COHERENT OSCILLATIONS; RELATIVISTIC STARS; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; SHELL FLASHES; 4U 1636-53; PROPAGATION AB The Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer has detected nearly coherent oscillations in the tails of type I X-ray bursts from 17 low-mass X-ray binaries. The oscillations are thought to be generated by brightness fluctuations associated with a surface mode on the rotating neutron star. The mechanism that drives the modes is, however, not understood, since the burning layer is stable to thermal perturbations. We show here via a linear perturbation analysis that even under conditions when pure thermal perturbations are stable, nonradial surface modes may still be unstable by the is an element of mechanism. Specifically, we find that if helium-burning reactions supply a reasonable fraction of the outgoing flux during burst decay, nonradial surface modes will grow in time. On the other hand, the same modes are likely to be stable in the presence of hydrogen burning via the rp-process. The results naturally explain why oscillations in the decay phase of type I X-ray bursts are detected only from short-duration bursts. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Kohn Hal, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Narayan, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu; rcooper@cfa.harvard.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 1 BP 628 EP 636 DI 10.1086/519552 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DF UT WOS:000248675700045 ER PT J AU Fisker, JL Tan, WP Gorres, J Wiescher, M Cooper, RL AF Fisker, Jacob Lund Tan, Wanpeng Goerres, Joachim Wiescher, Michael Cooper, Randall L. TI The O-15(alpha, gamma)Ne-19 reaction rate and the stability of thermonuclear burning on accreting neutron stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : neutron; X-rays : bursts ID X-RAY-BURSTS; EVOLUTION; FLASHES; PHYSICS AB Neutron stars in close binary star systems often accrete matter from their companion stars. Thermonuclear ignition of the accreted material in the atmosphere of the neutron star leads to a thermonuclear explosion, which is observed as an X-ray burst occurring periodically between hours and days depending on the accretion rate. The ignition conditions are characterized by a sensitive interplay between the accretion rate of the fuel supply and its depletion rate by nuclear burning in the hot CNO cycle and the rp-process. For accretion rates close to stable burning the burst ignition therefore depends critically on the hot CNO breakout reaction O-15(alpha, gamma) Ne-19 that regulates the flow between the hot CNO cycle and the rapid proton capture process. Until recently, the O-15( alpha, gamma) 19Ne reaction rate was not known experimentally and the theoretical estimates carried significant uncertainties. In this paper we perform a parameter study of the uncertainty of this reaction rate and determine the astrophysical consequences of the first measurement of this reaction rate. Our results corroborate earlier predictions and show that theoretically burning remains unstable up to accretion rates near the Eddington limit, in contrast to astronomical observations. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Kohn Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fisker, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PO Box 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jfisker@nd.edu; wtan@nd.edu; jgoerres@nd.edu; mwiesche@nd.edu; rcooper@cfa.harvard.edu RI Tan, Wanpeng/A-4687-2008 OI Tan, Wanpeng/0000-0002-5930-1823 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 1 BP 637 EP 641 DI 10.1086/519517 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DF UT WOS:000248675700046 ER PT J AU Rines, K Finn, R Vikhlinin, A AF Rines, Kenneth Finn, Rose Vikhlinin, Alexey TI An extremely massive dry galaxy merger in a moderate redshift cluster SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual ( CL 0958+4702); galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics ID DIFFUSE OPTICAL LIGHT; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; X-RAY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; HIERARCHICAL FORMATION; RICH CLUSTERS; BRIGHTEST; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; INFALL AB We have identified perhaps the largest major galaxy merger ever seen. While analyzing Spitzer IRAC images of CL 0958 + 4702, an X-ray-selected cluster at, we discovered an unusual plume of stars extending z p 0.39 >= 110 kpc outward from the bright central galaxy ( BCG). Three galaxies 1 - 1.5 mag fainter than the BCG lie (-1) 1 h within 17 kpc ( projected) of the BCG and are probably participating in the merger. The plume is detected in all four IRAC channels and at optical wavelengths in images from the WIYN telescope; the surface brightness is remarkably high ( mag arcsec at 50 kpc). The optical and infrared colors are consistent with those of (-2) 2 m approximate to 24.8 mu(r) other BCGs, suggesting that the plume is composed of old stars and negligible recent star formation ( hence a " dry merger"). The luminosity in the plume is at least equivalent to a galaxy. A diffuse halo extending 110 kpc * h(-1) 4L h from the BCG in one IRAC image suggests the total amount of diffuse light is. A Chandra 11 h(-2) L similar to 1.3 * 10 h L-r, observation shows an X- ray image and spectrum typical of moderate- mass clusters. We use MMT/ Hectospec to measure 905 redshifts in a 1 deg(2) region around the cluster. The velocities of two of the BCG companions indicate a merger timescale for the companion galaxies of similar to 110 Myr and similar to 0.5 - 1 Gyr for the plume. We conclude that the BCG and intracluster light of CL 0958 is formed by major mergers at moderate redshifts. After the major merger is complete, CL 0958 will likely become a fossil cluster. C1 Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Siena Coll, Dept Phys, Loudonville, NY USA. Space Res Inst, R-117997 Moscow, Russia. RP Rines, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM krines@cfa.harvard.edu NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 665 IS 1 BP L9 EP L13 DI 10.1086/521102 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DJ UT WOS:000248676100003 ER PT J AU Novotny, V Miller, SE Hulcr, J Drew, RAI Basset, Y Janda, M Setliff, GP Darrow, K Stewart, AJA Auga, J Isua, B Molem, K Manumbor, M Tamtiai, E Mogia, M Weiblen, GD AF Novotny, Vojtech Miller, Scott E. Hulcr, Jiri Drew, Richard A. I. Basset, Yves Janda, Milan Setliff, Gregory P. Darrow, Karolyn Stewart, Alan J. A. Auga, John Isua, Brus Molem, Kenneth Manumbor, Markus Tamtiai, Elvis Mogia, Martin Weiblen, George D. TI Low beta diversity of herbivorous insects in tropical forests SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; LOWLAND RAIN-FOREST; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; TEPHRITIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; ASSEMBLAGES; DIPTERA; PLANTS; TREES AB Recent advances in understanding insect communities in tropical forests(1,2) have contributed little to our knowledge of large-scale patterns of insect diversity, because incomplete taxonomic knowledge of many tropical species hinders the mapping of their distribution records(3). This impedes an understanding of global biodiversity patterns and explains why tropical insects are under-represented in conservation biology. Our study of approximately 500 species from three herbivorous guilds feeding on foliage (caterpillars, Lepidoptera), wood (ambrosia beetles, Coleoptera) and fruit (fruitflies, Diptera) found a low rate of change in species composition (beta diversity) across 75,000 square kilometres of contiguous lowland rainforest in Papua New Guinea, as most species were widely distributed. For caterpillars feeding on large plant genera, most species fed on multiple host species, so that even locally restricted plant species did not support endemic herbivores. Large plant genera represented a continuously distributed resource easily colonized by moths and butterflies over hundreds of kilometres. Low beta diversity was also documented in groups with differing host specificity (fruitflies and ambrosia beetles), suggesting that dispersal limitation does not have a substantial role in shaping the distribution of insect species in New Guinea lowland rainforests. Similar patterns of low beta diversity can be expected in other tropical lowland rainforests, as they are typically situated in the extensive low basins of major tropical rivers similar to the Sepik-Ramu region of New Guinea studied here. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republic, Ctr Biol, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Sch Biol Sci, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Griffith Univ, Australian Sch Environm Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. New Guinea Binatang Res Ctr, Madang, Papua N Guinea. Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, Biol Sci Ctr 250, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 250, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Novotny, V (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Ctr Biol, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. EM novotny@entu.cas.cz RI Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014; Novotny, Vojtech/G-9434-2014; Janda, Milan/H-7216-2014; OI Novotny, Vojtech/0000-0001-7918-8023; Setliff, Gregory/0000-0002-1853-0232; Stewart, Alan/0000-0001-7878-8879; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 NR 54 TC 139 Z9 146 U1 5 U2 97 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 9 PY 2007 VL 448 IS 7154 BP 692 EP U8 DI 10.1038/nature06021 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 197ZY UT WOS:000248598000044 PM 17687324 ER PT J AU Yu, ZH Higgins, KJ Klemperer, W McCarthy, MC Thaddeus, P Liao, K Jager, W AF Yu, Zhenhong Higgins, Kelly J. Klemperer, William McCarthy, Michael C. Thaddeus, Patrick Liao, Kristine Jaeger, Wolfgang TI Rotational spectra of the van der Waals complexes of molecular hydrogen and OCS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; MICROWAVE-SPECTRA; INFRARED-SPECTRA; HELIUM CLUSTERS; NE-OCS; AR-OCS; SPECTROSCOPY; DROPLETS; STATES; AROCS AB The a- and b-type rotational transitions of the weakly bound complexes formed by molecular hydrogen and OCS, para-H-2-OCS, ortho-H-2-OCS, HD-OCS, para-D-2-OCS, and ortho-D-2-OCS, have been measured by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. All five species have ground rotational states with total rotational angular momentum J=0, regardless of whether the hydrogen rotational angular momentum is j=0 as in para-H-2, ortho-D-2, and HD or j=1 as in ortho-H-2 and para-D-2. This indicates quenching of the hydrogen angular momentum for the ortho-H-2 and para-D-2 species by the anisotropy of the intermolecular potential. The ground states of these complexes are slightly asymmetric prolate tops, with the hydrogen center of mass located on the side of the OCS, giving a planar T-shaped molecular geometry. The hydrogen spatial distribution is spherical in the three j=0 species, while it is bilobal and oriented nearly parallel to the OCS in the ground state of the two j=1 species. The j=1 species show strong Coriolis coupling with unobserved low-lying excited states. The abundance of para-H-2-OCS relative to ortho-H-2-OCS increases exponentially with decreasing normal H-2 component in H-2/He gas mixtures, making the observation of para-H-2-OCS in the presence of the more strongly bound ortho-H-2-OCS dependent on using lower concentrations of H-2. The determined rotational constants are A=22 401.889(4) MHz, B=5993.774(2) MHz, and C=4602.038(2) MHz for para-H-2-OCS; A=22 942.218(6) MHz, B=5675.156(7) MHz, and C=4542.960(7) MHz for ortho-H-2-OCS; A=15 970.010(3) MHz, B=5847.595(1) MHz, and C=4177.699(1) MHz for HD-OCS; A=12 829.2875(9) MHz, B=5671.3573(7) MHz, and C=3846.7041(6) MHz for ortho-D-2-OCS; and A=13 046.800(3) MHz, B=5454.612(2) MHz, and C=3834.590(2) MHz for para-D-2-OCS. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. RP Yu, ZH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 5 AR 054305 DI 10.1063/1.2756534 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 197YV UT WOS:000248594200013 PM 17688338 ER PT J AU Candela, D Walsworth, RL AF Candela, D. Walsworth, R. L. TI Understanding the breakdown of Fourier's law in granular fluids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POISEUILLE FLOW; LOW-DENSITY; HYDRODYNAMICS; FLUIDIZATION; SPHERES AB In fluidized granular matter (such as rapidly flowing sand) heat can flow from colder to hotter granular temperatures, violating Fourier's law. A simple heuristic explanation for this anomalous heat current is presented, based on the non-equilibrium nature of granular fluids. The heuristic explanation leads to a straightforward calculation of the heat current which is in good agreement with existing, more detailed calculations and with recent experiments. (C) 2007 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Candela, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 75 IS 8 BP 754 EP 757 DI 10.1119/1.2737470 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 196GV UT WOS:000248470600016 ER PT J AU French, JA Fite, JE Jensen, H Oparowski, K Rukstalis, MR Fix, H Jones, B Maxwell, H Pacer, M Power, ML Schulkin, J AF French, Jeffrey A. Fite, Jeffrey E. Jensen, Heather Oparowski, Katie Rukstalis, Michael R. Fix, Holly Jones, Brenda Maxwell, Heather Pacer, Molly Power, Michael L. Schulkin, Jay TI Treatment with CRH-1 antagonist antalarmin reduces behavioral and endocrine responses to social stressors in marmosets (Caffithrix kuhlii) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE social stress; HPA axis; primate; CRH; antalarmin ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; URINARY CORTISOL EXCRETION; CALLITHRIX-JACCHUS-JACCHUS; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; COMMON MARMOSETS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; RHESUS-MONKEYS; MESSENGER-RNA AB Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has multiple roles in coordinating the behavioral and endocrine responses to a host of environmental challenges, including social stressors. In the present study we evaluated the role of CRH in mediating responses to a moderate social stressor in Wied's black tufted-eared marmosets (Callithrix kuhlii). Male and female marmosets (n = 14) were administered antalarmin (a selective CRH-1 receptor antagonist; 50 mu g/kg, p.o.) or vehicle in a blind, counterbalanced, crossover design. One hr after treatment, marmosets were separated from long-term pairmates and then housed alone in a novel enclosure for 7 hr. Behavior was recorded during separation and upon reunion with the partner, and urine samples for cortisol assay collected before, during, and after the intervention. Separation from partners elevated urinary cortisol concentrations over baseline for both conditions, but antalarmin treatment reduced the magnitude of the elevation. Antalarmin also lowered rates of behavioral patterns associated with arousal (alarm and "e-e" vocalizations, object manipulate/chew), but had no effect on contact calls, locomotory activity or alertness. Although most patterns of social behavior upon reunion with the partner were not affected by antalarmin, antalarmin-treated marmosets displayed more sexual behavior (mounts and copulations) upon reunion. These data indicate that antagonism of the CRH-1 receptor acts to reduce the magnitude of both endocrine and behavioral responses to a moderate social stressor without causing any overall reduction in alertness or general activity. This supports the hypothesis that CRH, acting through its type 1 receptor, is involved in coordinating the responses to anxiety-producing events. These results further suggest that the marmoset is a useful model for exploration of the role of CRH in mediating the behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to psychosocial stressors, particularly in the context of heterosexual social relationships. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Psychol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Univ Nebraska, Callitrichid Res Ctr, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Dept Res, Washington, DC USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Washington, DC USA. RP French, JA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Psychol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. EM jfrench@mail.unomaha.edu RI French, Jeffrey/F-1779-2011 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD42882, R01 HD042882-06A2, R56 HD042882, R01 HD042882] NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 69 IS 8 BP 877 EP 889 DI 10.1002/ajp.20385 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 193LY UT WOS:000248276700004 PM 17397037 ER PT J AU Roux, KE Marra, PP AF Roux, Karin E. Marra, Peter P. TI The presence and impact of environmental lead in passerine birds along an urban to rural land use gradient SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METAL EXPOSURE; BLOOD LEAD; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; ECOLOGICAL TRAPS; SHOT INGESTION; SKEET RANGE; POPULATIONS; GROWTH; SPAIN; REPRODUCTION AB Contamination of wetlands by lead shot and lead fishing weights has generated a tremendous amount of research into the impact of lead poisoning on wildlife. Less well known are the potential threats to wildlife posed by lead contaminants still prevalent in urban environments. Despite a U.S. federal ban on lead-based paint and gasoline in 1978 and 1986, respectively, lead residue is still prevalent at hazardous levels in urban and suburban environments and may present a health concern for people and wildlife, particularly birds. We quantified soil lead content in residential properties across a rural-to-urban land-use gradient in the metropolitan Washington, D.C. area and then assessed the impact of lead contamination on body condition in adult and nestling passerine birds at the same sites. Soil lead concentration was significantly higher in urban sites compared to rural sites. Accordingly, adult and nestling birds captured in urban sites had significantly higher blood lead concentrations than their rural counterparts. However, only gray catbird nestlings exhibited lower body condition as a result of lead contamination. Birds continue to breed in urban habitats despite numerous negative attributes to these environments including light, noise, pedestrian and toxic contaminants, such as lead. These sites often contain habitat that appears suitable for roosting, nesting, and foraging and thus may act as an ecological trap for breeding birds because breeding success is often negatively associated with increasing urbanization. Lead contamination is one more feature of urbanization that birds and other wildlife must face in an increasingly developed world. C1 Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Marra, PP (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, 3001 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM marrap@si.edu NR 67 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s00244-006-0174-4 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 181HA UT WOS:000247426600016 PM 17549547 ER PT J AU Woods, DF Geller, MJ AF Woods, Deborah Freedman Geller, Margaret J. TI Minor galaxy interactions: Star formation rates and galaxy properties SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : stellar content ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; NEARBY FIELD GALAXIES; CLOSE PAIRS; ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE; HIERARCHICAL UNIVERSE; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; HOST GALAXIES; SCALE ENVIRONMENT AB We study star formation in a sample of 1204 galaxies in minor (vertical bar Delta m(z)vertical bar >= 2) pair and compact groups, drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5. We analyze an analogous sample of 2409 galaxies in major (Delta m(2) < 2) pair and compact groups to ensure that our selection reproduces previous results, and we use a "field" sample of 65,570 galaxies for comparison. Our major and minor pair samples include only galaxies in spectroscopically confirmed pair, where the recessional velocity separation Delta D < 500 km s(-1) and the projected spatial separation Delta D < 50 kpc h(-1). The relative magnitude (a proxy for the mass ratio) of the pair is an important parameter in the effectiveness of the tidally triggered star formation in minor interactions. As expected, the secondary galaxies in minor pair show evidence for tidally triggered star formation, whereas the primary galaxies in the minor pair do not. The galaxy color is also an important parameter in the effectiveness of triggered star formation in the major galaxy pair. In the major pair sample, there is a correlation between the specific Ha star formation rate (SSFR) and OD in the blue primary and blue secondary galaxies; for the red primary and red secondary galaxies, there is none. Galaxies in pair have a higher mean SSFR at every absolute magnitude compared to matched sets of field galaxies, and the relative increase in mean SSFR becomes larger with decreasing intrinsic luminosity. We also detect a significantly increased AGN fraction in the pair galaxies compared to matched sets of field galaxies. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Woods, DF (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dwoods@cfa.harvard.edu NR 83 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 134 IS 2 BP 527 EP 540 DI 10.1086/519381 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 197XY UT WOS:000248591800007 ER PT J AU Watson, CA Steeghs, D Dhillon, VS Shahbaz, T AF Watson, C. A. Steeghs, D. Dhillon, V. S. Shahbaz, T. TI Imaging the cool stars in the interacting binaries AE Aqr, BV Cen and V426 Oph SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; binaries : close; novae; cataclysmic variables; line : profiles; techniques : spectroscopic ID CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; ROCHE TOMOGRAPHY; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; SECONDARY STAR; MASS-TRANSFER; AM; PROMINENCES; IMAGES AB It is well known that magnetic activity in late-type stars increases with increasing rotation rate. Using inversion techniques akin to medical imaging, the rotationally broadened profiles from such stars can be used to reconstruct `Doppler images' of the distribution of cool, dark starspots on their stellar surfaces. Interacting binaries, however, contain some of the most rapidly rotating late-type stars known and thus provide important tests of stellar dynamo models. Furthermore, magnetic activity is thought to play a key role in their evolution, behaviour and accretion dynamics. Despite this, we know comparatively little about the magnetic activity and its influence on such binaries. In this review we summarise the concepts behind indirect imaging of these systems, and present movies of the starspot distributions on the cool stars in some interacting binaries. We conclude with a look at the future opportunities that such studies may provide. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA. Weinheim. C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02318 USA. Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. RP Watson, CA (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. EM c.watson@sheffield.ac.uk RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 328 IS 8 BP 813 EP 816 DI 10.1002/asna.200710800 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 222QG UT WOS:000250311400022 ER PT J AU Szekely, P Kiss, LL Szatmary, K Csak, B Bakos, GA Bedding, TR AF Szekely, P. Kiss, L. L. Szatmary, K. Csak, B. Bakos, G. A. Bedding, T. R. TI Radial velocities of five globular clusters obtained with AAOmega SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE globular clusters; Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics ID TIDAL TAILS; OMEGA-CENTAURI; DYNAMICS; SKY; AGE AB Using the recently commissioned multi-object spectrograph AAOmega on the 3.9 m AAT we have obtained medium-resolution near-infrared spectra for 10 500 stars in and around five southern globular clusters. The targets were 47 Tuc, M12, M30, M55 and NGC 288. We have measured radial velocities to 1 km s(-1) with the cross correlation method and estimated metallicity, effective temperature, surface gravity and rotational velocity for each star by fitting synthetic model spectra. An analysis of the velocity maps and velocity dispersion of member stars revealed systemic rotation in four of the target clusters. C1 Univ Szeged, Dept Expt Phys, Astron Observ, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Szekely, P (reprint author), Univ Szeged, Dept Expt Phys, Astron Observ, Dom ter 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. EM pierre@physx.u-szeged.hu RI Kiss, Laszlo/A-2539-2008; Szatmary, Karoly/C-6048-2011; OI Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 328 IS 8 BP 879 EP 882 DI 10.1002/asna.200710819 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 222QG UT WOS:000250311400038 ER PT J AU Boone, F Baker, AJ Schinnerer, E Combes, F Garcia-Burillo, S Neri, R Hunt, LK Leon, S Krips, M Tacconi, LJ Eckart, A AF Boone, F. Baker, A. J. Schinnerer, E. Combes, F. Garcia-Burillo, S. Neri, R. Hunt, L. K. Leon, S. Krips, M. Tacconi, L. J. Eckart, A. TI Molecular gas in Nuclei of Galaxies (NUGA) - VII. NGC 4569, a large scale bar funnelling gas into the nuclear region SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : NGC 4569; galaxies : active; ISM : kinematics and dynamics ID SPIRAL GALAXIES; VIRGO CLUSTER; NEARBY GALAXIES; SECULAR EVOLUTION; ROTATION CURVES; DISK GALAXIES; NGC-4569; KINEMATICS; STARBURST; LINERS AB This work is part of the NUGA survey of CO emission in nearby active galaxies. We present observations of NGC 4569, a member of the Virgo Cluster. We analyse the molecular gas distribution and kinematics in the central region and we investigate a possible link to the strong starburst present at the nucleus. 70% of the [1.1 +/- 0.2] x 10(9) M(circle dot) of molecular gas detected in the inner 20 '' is found to be concentrated within the inner 800 pc and is distributed along the large scale stellar bar seen in near-infrared observations. A hole in the CO distribution coincides with the nucleus where most of the H alpha emission and blue light are emitted. The kinematics are modelled in three different ways, ranging from the purely geometrical to the most physical. This approach allows us to constrain progressively the physical properties of the galaxy and eventually to emerge with a reasonable fit to an analytical model of orbits in a barred potential. Fitting an axisymmetric model shows that the non-circular motions must be comparable in amplitude to the circular motions (120 km s(-1)). Fitting a model based on elliptical orbits allows us to identify with confidence the single inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) of the large scale bar. Finally, a model based on analytical solutions for the gas particle orbits in a weakly barred potential constrained by the ILR radius reproduces the observations well. The mass inflow rate is then estimated and discussed based on the best fit model solution. The gravitational torques implied by this model are able to efficiently funnel the gas inside the ILR down to 300 pc, although another mechanism must take over to fuel the nuclear starburst inside 100 pc. C1 LERMA, Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Natl Astron Observ, Observ Madrid, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. INAF, Ist Radioastron, Sez, I-50125 Florence, Italy. IRAM, Pico Veleta Observ, E-18012 Granada, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA Project, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Boone, F (reprint author), LERMA, Observ Paris, 61 Ave del Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. EM frederic.boone@obspm.fr OI Garcia-Burillo, Santiago/0000-0003-0444-6897; Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677; Combes, Francoise/0000-0003-2658-7893 NR 59 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 471 IS 1 BP 113 EP U4 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077254 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 195ED UT WOS:000248394400017 ER PT J AU Block, DL Combes, F Puerari, I Freeman, KC Stockton, A Canalizo, G Jarrett, TH Groess, R Worthey, G Gehrz, RD Woodward, CE Polomski, EF Fazio, GG AF Block, D. L. Combes, F. Puerari, I. Freeman, K. C. Stockton, A. Canalizo, G. Jarrett, T. H. Groess, R. Worthey, G. Gehrz, R. D. Woodward, C. E. Polomski, E. F. Fazio, G. G. TI Keck spectroscopy and Spitzer space telescope analysis of the outer disk of the Triangulum spiral galaxy M33 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : individual : M33 (NGC598); galaxies : Local Group; galaxies : formation; galaxies : stellar content ID NEARBY GALAXIES; CARBON STARS; AGB STARS; CAMERA; SPECTROGRAPH; PHOTOMETRY; EVOLUTION; HYDROGEN; COLORS; MODEL AB In an earlier study of the spiral galaxy M33, we photometrically identified arcs or outer spiral arms of intermediate age ( 0.6-2 Gyr) carbon stars precisely at the commencement of the HI-warp. Stars in the arcs were unresolved, but were likely thermally-pulsing asymptotic giant branch carbon stars. Here we present Keck I spectroscopy of seven intrinsically bright and red target stars in the outer, northern arc in M33. The target stars have estimated visual magnitudes as faint as V similar to 25(m). Absorption bands of CN are seen in all seven spectra reported here, confirming their carbon star status. In addition, we present Keck II spectra of a small area 0.5 degree away from the centre of M33; the target stars there are also identified as carbon stars. We also study the non-stellar PAH dust morphology of M33 secured using IRAC on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The Spitzer 8 mu m image attests to a change of spiral phase at the start of the HI warp. The Keck spectra confirm that carbon stars may safely be identified on the basis of their red J-K(s) colours in the outer, low metallicity disk of M33. We propose that the enhanced number of carbon stars in the outer arms are an indicator of recent star formation, fueled by gas accretion from the HI-warp reservoir. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Computat & Appl Math, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. Inst Nacl Astrofis, Tonantzintla 72840, Puebla, Mexico. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Block, DL (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Computat & Appl Math, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. EM block@cam.wits.ac.za OI Combes, Francoise/0000-0003-2658-7893 NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 471 IS 2 BP 467 EP 474 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20065908 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 197HR UT WOS:000248545700016 ER PT J AU Caramazza, M Flaccomio, E Micela, G Reale, F Wolk, SJ Feigelson, ED AF Caramazza, M. Flaccomio, E. Micela, G. Reale, F. Wolk, S. J. Feigelson, E. D. TI X-ray flares in Orion low-mass stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; stars : coronae; stars : flare; stars : pre-main sequence; stars : late-type; X-ray : stars ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; YOUNG STARS; ULTRADEEP PROJECT; STELLAR CORONAE; ACTIVE STARS; SOLAR-FLARES; EMISSION; NANOFLARES; EVOLUTION; MICROFLARES AB Context. X-ray flares are common phenomena in pre-main sequence stars. Their analysis gives insights into the physics at work in young stellar coronae. The Orion Nebula Cluster offers a unique opportunity to study large samples of young low mass stars. This work is part of the Chandra Orion Ultradeep project ( COUP), an similar to 10 day long X-ray observation of the Orion Nebula Cluster ( ONC). Aims. Our main goal is to statistically characterize the flare-like variability of 165 low mass (0.1-0.3 M-circle dot) ONC members in order to test and constrain the physical scenario in which flares explain all the observed emission. Methods. We adopt a maximum likelihood piece-wise representation of the observed X-ray light curves and detect flares by taking into account both the amplitude and time derivative of the count-rate. We then derive the frequency and energy distribution of the flares. Results. The high energy tail of the energy distribution of flares is well described by a power-law with index similar to 2.2. We test the hypothesis that light curves are built entirely by overlapping flares with a single power law energy distribution. We constrain the parameters of this simple model for every single light curve. The analysis of synthetic light curves obtained from the model indicates a good agreement with the observed data. Comparing low mass stars with stars in the mass interval (0.9-1.2M(circle dot)), we establish that, at similar to 1 Myr, low mass and solar mass stars of similar X-ray luminosity have very similar flare frequencies. Conclusions. Our observational results are consistent with the following model/scenario: the light curves are entirely built by overlapping flares with a power-law intensity distribution; the intense flares are individually detected, while the weak ones merge and form a pseudo-quiescent level, which we indicate as the characteristic level. C1 Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche & Astron, I-90123 Palermo, Italy. Osserv Astron Palermo, INAF, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Caramazza, M (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche & Astron, Via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy. EM mcarama@astropa.unipa.it OI Flaccomio, Ettore/0000-0002-3638-5788; Micela, Giuseppina/0000-0002-9900-4751; Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261; Reale, Fabio/0000-0002-1820-4824 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 471 IS 2 BP 645 EP 654 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077195 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 197HR UT WOS:000248545700032 ER PT J AU Bertram, T Eckart, A Fischer, S Zuther, J Straubmeier, C Wisotzki, L Krips, M AF Bertram, T. Eckart, A. Fischer, S. Zuther, J. Straubmeier, C. Wisotzki, L. Krips, M. TI Molecular gas in nearby low-luminosity QSO host galaxies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : ISM; quasars : general; radio lines : ISM; galaxies : Seyfert ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; CO EMISSION; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; LIMITED SAMPLE; BRIGHT QSOS; ORIGIN AB Aims. This paper addresses the global molecular gas properties of a representative sample of galaxies hosting low-luminosity quasistellar objects. An abundant supply of gas is necessary to fuel both the active galactic nucleus and any circum-nuclear starburst activity of QSOs. The connection between ultraluminous infrared galaxies and the host properties of QSOs is still subject to a controversial debate. Nearby low-luminosity QSOs are ideally suited to study the properties of their host galaxies because of their higher frequency of occurrence compared to high-luminosity QSOs in the same comoving volume and because of their small cosmological distance. Methods. We selected a sample of nearby low-luminosity QSO host galaxies that is free of infrared excess biases. All objects are drawn from the Hamburg-ESO survey for bright UV-excess QSOs, have d > -30 degrees. and redshifts that do not exceed z = 0.06. The IRAM 30 m telescope was used to measure the (CO)-C-12( 1-0) and (CO)-C-12( 2-1) transition in parallel. Results. 27 out of 39 galaxies in the sample have been detected. The molecular gas masses of the detected sources range from 0.4 x 10(9)M(circle dot) to 9.7 x 109M(circle dot). The upper limits of the non-detected sources correspond to molecular gas masses between 0.3 x 10(9) M-circle dot and 1.2 x 10(9) M-circle dot. We can confirm that the majority of galaxies hosting low-luminosity QSOs are rich in molecular gas. The properties of galaxies hosting brighter type I AGN and circumnuclear starformation regions di. er from the properties of galaxies with fainter central regions. The overall supply of molecular gas and the spread of the line width distribution is larger. When comparing the far-infrared with the CO luminosities, the distribution can be separated into two different power-laws: one describing the lower activity Seyfert I population and the second describing the luminous QSO population. The separation in the L-FIR/L'(CO) behavior may be explainable with differing degrees of compactness of the emission regions. We provide a simple model to describe the two power-laws. The sample studied in this paper is located in a transition region between the two populations. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Inst Astrophys, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA Project, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Bertram, T (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. EM bertram@ph1.uni-koeln.de OI Dierkes, Jens/0000-0002-0121-9261 NR 47 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 470 IS 2 BP 571 EP 583 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077578 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189HW UT WOS:000247981000020 ER PT J AU Fontani, F Pascucci, I Caselli, P Wyrowski, F Cesaroni, R Walmsley, CM AF Fontani, F. Pascucci, I. Caselli, P. Wyrowski, F. Cesaroni, R. Walmsley, C. M. TI Comparative study of complex N- and O-bearing molecules in hot molecular cores SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; radio lines : ISM; ISM : molecules ID SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRUM; H-II-REGIONS; LABORATORY MILLIMETER-WAVE; ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; ORION-KL; LINE SURVEY; METHYL FORMATE; CHEMICAL DIFFERENTIATION; FORMING REGIONS AB Aims. We have observed several emission lines of two Nitrogen-bearing (C2H5CN and C2H3CN) and two Oxygen-bearing (CH3OCH3 and HCOOCH3) molecules towards a sample of well-known hot molecular cores (HMCs) in order to check whether the chemical differentiation seen in the Orion-HMC and W3(H2O) between O-and N-bearing molecules is a general property of HMCs. Methods. With the IRAM-30m telescope we have observed 12 HMCs in 21 bands, centered at frequencies from 86 250 to 258 280 MHz. Results. In six sources, we have detected a number of transitions su. cient to derive their main physical properties. The rotational temperatures obtained from C2H5CN, C2H3CN and CH3OCH3 range from similar to 100 to similar to 150 K in these HMCs. The total column densities of these molecules are of the order of similar to 10(15)-10(17)cm(-2) . Single Gaussian fits performed to unblended lines show a marginal di. erence in the line peak velocities of the C2H5CN and CH3OCH3 lines, indicating a possible spatial separation between the region traced by the two molecules. On the other hand, neither the linewidths nor the rotational temperatures and column densities confirm such a result. The average molecular abundances of C2H5CN, C2H3CN and CH3OCH3 are in the range similar to 10(-9) 10(-10), comparable to those seen in the Orion hot core. In other HMCs Bisschop et al. 2007 found comparable values for C2H5CN but values similar to 2.5 times larger for CH3OCH3. By comparing the abundance ratio of the pair C2H5CN/C2H3CN with the predictions of theoretical models, we derive that the age of our cores ranges between 3.7 and 5.9 x 104 yr. Conclusions. The abundances of C2H5CN and C2H3CN are strongly correlated, as expected from theory which predicts that C2H3CN is formed through gas phase reactions involving C2H5CN. A correlation is also found between the abundances of C2H5CN and CH3OCH3, and C2H3CN and CH3OCH3. In all tracers the fractional abundances increase with the H-2 column density while they are not correlated with the gas temperature. On average, the chemical and physical di. erentiation between O-and N-bearing molecules seen in Orion and W3(H2O) is not revealed by our observations. We believe that this is partly due to the poor angular resolution of our data, which allows us to derive only average values over the sources of the discussed parameters. C1 CNR, INAF, Ist Radioaastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Univ, Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. INAF, Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Fontani, F (reprint author), CNR, INAF, Ist Radioaastron, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM ffontani@ira.inaf.it OI Cesaroni, Riccardo/0000-0002-2430-5103; Fontani, Francesco/0000-0003-0348-3418 NR 84 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 470 IS 2 BP 639 EP U87 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077485 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189HW UT WOS:000247981000027 ER PT J AU Piranomonte, S Perri, M Giommi, P Landt, H Padovani, P AF Piranomonte, S. Perri, M. Giommi, P. Landt, H. Padovani, P. TI The sedentary survey of extreme high-energy peaked BL Lacs - III. Results from optical spectroscopy SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : BL Lacertae objects : general; surveys ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; LACERTAE OBJECTS; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; COMPLETE SAMPLE; HOST GALAXIES; FLUX RATIO; RADIO; CATALOG; IDENTIFICATIONS; RASS AB Aims. The multi-frequency sedentary survey is a flux-limited, statistically well-defined sample of highly X-ray dominated (i. e., with a very high X-ray to radio flux ratio) BL Lacertae objects, which includes 150 sources. In this paper, the third of the series, we report the results of a dedicated optical spectroscopy campaign that, together with results from other independent optical follow-up programs, led to the spectroscopic identification of all sources in the sample. Methods. We carried out a systematic spectroscopic campaign for the observation of all unidentified objects of the sample using the ESO 3.6 m, the KPNO 4 m, and the TNG optical telescopes. Results. We present new identifications and optical spectra for 76 sources, 50 of which are new BL Lac objects, 18 are sources previously referred as BL Lacs but for which no redshift information was available, and 8 are broad emission-line AGNs. We find that the multi-frequency selection technique used to build the survey is highly effecient (similar to 90%) in selecting BL Lacs objects. We present positional and spectroscopic information for all confirmed BL Lac objects. Our data allowed us to determine 36 redshifts out of the 50 new BL Lacs and 5 new redshifts for the previously known objects. The redshift distribution of the complete sample is presented and compared with that of other BL Lacs samples. For 26 sources without recognizable absorption features, we calculated lower limits to the redshift using a method based on simulated optical spectra with di. erent ratios between jet and galaxy emission. For a subsample of 38 object with high-quality spectra, we find a correlation between the optical spectral slope, the 1.4 GHz radio luminosity, and the Ca H& K break value, indicating that for powerful/beamed sources the optical light is dominated by the non-thermal emission from the jet. C1 INAF, Osserv Astron Rome, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. ESA ESRIN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Piranomonte, S (reprint author), INAF, Osserv Astron Rome, Via Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. EM piranomonte@mporzio.astro.it OI giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Padovani, Paolo/0000-0002-4707-6841; Perri, Matteo/0000-0003-3613-4409 NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 470 IS 2 BP 787 EP 809 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077086 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189HW UT WOS:000247981000041 ER PT J AU Marti-Vidal, I Marcaide, JM Alberdi, A Guirado, JC Lara, L Perez-Torres, MA Ros, E Argo, MK Beswick, RJ Muxlow, TWB Pedlar, A Shapiro, II Stockdale, CJ Sramek, RA Weiler, KW Vinko, J AF Marti-Vidal, I. Marcaide, J. M. Alberdi, A. Guirado, J. C. Lara, L. Perez-Torres, M. A. Ros, E. Argo, M. K. Beswick, R. J. Muxlow, T. W. B. Pedlar, A. Shapiro, I. I. Stockdale, C. J. Sramek, R. A. Weiler, K. W. Vinko, J. TI 8.4 GHz VLBI observations of SN2004et in NGC6946 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies; individual; NGC 6946-radio continuum; stars - stars; supernovae; individual; SN2004et ID SYNCHROTRON SELF-ABSORPTION; DISTANCE SCALE; RADIO-EMISSION; SUPERNOVA; PROGENITOR; DISCOVERY; EVOLUTION; 1993J AB We report on 8.4 GHz very-long-baseline-interferometry (VLBI) observations of the type II-P supernova SN2004et in the spiral galaxy NGC 6946, made on 20 February 2005 (151 days after explosion). The Very Large Array (VLA) flux density was 1.23 +/- 0.07 mJy, corresponding to an isotropic luminosity at 8.4 GHz of (4.45 +/- 0.3) x 10(25) erg s(-1) Hz(-1) and a brightness temperature of (1.3 +/- 0.3) x 10(8) K. We also provide an improved source position, accurate to about 0.5 mas in each coordinate. The VLBI image shows a clear asymmetry. From model fitting of the size of the radio emission, we estimate a minimum expansion velocity of 15 700 +/- 2000 km s(-1). This velocity is more than twice the expected mean expansion velocity estimated from a synchrotron self-absorbed emission model, thus suggesting that synchrotron self-absorption is not relevant for this supernova. With the benefit of an optical spectrum obtained 12 days after explosion, we favor an emission model which consists of two hot spots on an underlying expanding shell of width comparable to that of SN 1993J. C1 Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrophys, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53010 Bonn, Germany. Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. RP Marti-Vidal, I (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrophys, C Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. EM I.Marti-Vidal@uv.es RI Marti-Vidal, Ivan/A-8799-2017; OI Marti-Vidal, Ivan/0000-0003-3708-9611; Muxlow, Thomas/0000-0001-5797-8796; Argo, Megan/0000-0003-3594-0214; Vinko, Jozsef/0000-0001-8764-7832; Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 470 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1077 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077522 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 192HE UT WOS:000248190700029 ER PT J AU Machacek, ME Kraft, RP Jones, C Forman, WR Hardcastle, MJ AF Machacek, M. E. Kraft, R. P. Jones, C. Forman, W. R. Hardcastle, M. J. TI X-ray constraints on galaxy-gas-jet interactions in the dumbbell galaxies NGC 4782 and NGC 4783 in the LGG 316 galaxy group SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : general; galaxies : individual (NGC 4782, NGC 4783); intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies ID CHANDRA OBSERVATION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; RADIO GALAXIES; XMM-NEWTON; NGC 4782/4783; COLD FRONTS; BLACK-HOLE; BOW SHOCK; 3C 278; CLUSTER AB yWe present results from a 49.3 ks Chandra X-ray observation of the strongly interacting dumbbell galaxies NGC 4782 (3C 278) and NGC 4783 that constrain the kinematics of the interaction and models for bending the radio jets associated with NGC 4782. The galaxies are embedded in an approximately spherical distribution of group gas, centered on NGC 4782, that, away from the interaction region, is nearly isothermal with mean temperature kT similar to 1.4 +/- 0: 4 keV. The X-ray morphology suggests that NGC 4783 is infalling into a single, massive galaxy group (LGG 316) with NGC 4782 nearly at rest at the center of the group potential. NGC 4783 shows a sharp X-ray surface brightness edge (cold front) to the east and a similar to 15 kpc ram pressure-stripped tail to the west. Analysis of this cold front indicates that NGC 4783 is moving east with a total velocity 870(-400)(+270) km s(-1) (Mach 1.4(-0.7)(+0.5)) at an inclination angle 46 degrees(> 33 degrees) toward us with respect to the plane of the sky. A similar to 45 Myr old X-ray cavity, with enthalpy of 4.4 x 10(57) ergs, coincides with the eastern radio lobe of 3C 278. X-ray knots are found on both the radio jet and counterjet, coincident with peaks in the radio emission. If we assume a light, mildly relativistic jet in 3C 278, then ram pressure velocities of 100-200 km s(-1) impacting the eastern jet and similar to 170 km s(-1) acting on the western radio lobe are sufficient to produce their observed bending. These velocities may be caused by bulk motions of the surrounding gas induced by the high-velocity interaction between the galaxies, by the motion of the host galaxy NGC 4782 relative to the IGM, or by a combination of these processes. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Machacek, ME (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmachacek@cfa.harvard.edu RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 804 EP 819 DI 10.1086/519233 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000017 ER PT J AU Huang, JS Ashby, MLN Barmby, P Brodwin, M Brown, MJI Caldwell, N Cool, RJ Eisenhardt, P Eisenstein, D Fazio, GG Le Floc'h, E Green, P Kochanek, CS Lu, N Pahre, MA Rigopoulou, D Rosenberg, JL Smith, HA Wang, Z Willmer, CNA Willner, SP AF Huang, J.-S. Ashby, M. L. N. Barmby, P. Brodwin, M. Brown, M. J. I. Caldwell, N. Cool, R. J. Eisenhardt, P. Eisenstein, D. Fazio, G. G. Le Floc'h, E. Green, P. Kochanek, C. S. Lu, Nanyao Pahre, M. A. Rigopoulou, D. Rosenberg, J. L. Smith, H. A. Wang, Z. Willmer, C. N. A. Willner, S. P. TI The local galaxy 8 mu m luminosity function SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; dust, extinction; galaxies : luminosity function, mass function; infrared : galaxies ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; FIBER-FED SPECTROGRAPH; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; IR EMISSION FEATURES; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; RED GALAXIES; REDSHIFT SURVEY AB A Spitzer Space Telescope survey in the NOAO Deep Wide Field in Bootes provides a complete, 8 mu m-selected sample of galaxies to a limiting (Vega) magnitude of 13.5. In the 6.88 deg(2) field sampled, 79% of the 4867 galaxies have spectroscopic redshifts, allowing an accurate determination of the local (z < 0.3) galaxy luminosity function. Stellar and dust emission can be separated on the basis of observed galaxy colors. Dust emission (mostly PAH) accounts for 80% of the 8 mu m luminosity, stellar photospheres account for 19%, and AGN emission accounts for roughly 1%. A subsample of the 8 mu m-selected galaxies have blue, early-type colors, but even most of these have significant PAH emission. The luminosity functions for the total 8 mu m luminosity and for the dust emission alone are both well fit by Schechter functions. For the 8 mu m luminosity function, the characteristic luminosity is vL(v)*(8.0 mu m) = 1.8 x 10(10) L(circle dot), while for the dust emission alone it is 1.6 x 10(10) L(circle dot). The average 8 mu m luminosity density at z < 0.3 is 3.1 x 10(7) L(circle dot) Mpc(-3), and the average luminosity density from dust alone is 2.5 x 10(7) L(circle dot) Mpc(-3). This luminosity arises predominantly from galaxies with 8 mu m luminosities (vL(v)) between 2 x 10(9) and 2 x 10(10) L(circle dot), i.e., normal galaxies, not luminous or ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs/ULIRGs). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Huang, JS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137; Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 NR 81 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 840 EP 849 DI 10.1086/519241 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000019 ER PT J AU McQuinn, KBW Woodward, CE Willner, SP Polomski, EF Gehrz, RD Humphreys, RM van Loon, JT Ashby, MLN Eicher, K Fazio, GG AF McQuinn, K. B. W. Woodward, Charles E. Willner, S. P. Polomski, E. F. Gehrz, R. D. Humphreys, Roberta M. van Loon, Jacco Th. Ashby, M. L. N. Eicher, K. Fazio, G. G. TI The M33 variable star population revealed by spitzer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M33); galaxies : stellar content; infrared : stars; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : variables : other ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; SPIRAL GALAXY M33; LOCAL GROUP; SPACE-TELESCOPE; NEARBY GALAXIES; STELLAR CONTENT; CARBON STARS; AGB STARS AB We analyze five epochs of Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations of the nearby spiral galaxy M33. Each epoch covered nearly a square degree at 3.6, 4.5, and 8.0 mu m. The point-source catalog from the full data set contains 37,650 stars. The stars have luminosities characteristic of the asymptotic giant branch and can be separated into oxygen-rich and carbon-rich populations by their [3.6] - [4.5] colors. The [3.6] - [8.0] colors indicate that over 80% of the stars detected at 8.0 mu m have dust shells. Photometric comparison of epochs using conservative criteria yields a catalog of 2923 variable stars. These variables are most likely long-period variables amid an evolved stellar population. At least one-third of the identified carbon stars are variable. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Keele, Sch Phys & Geog Sci, Lennard Jones Labs, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. RP McQuinn, KBW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Sch Phys & Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 38 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 850 EP 861 DI 10.1086/519068 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000020 ER PT J AU Dong, S Udalski, A Gould, A Reach, WT Christie, GW Boden, AF Bennett, DP Fazio, G Griest, K Szymanski, MK Kubiak, M Soszynski, I Pietrzynski, G Szewczyk, O Wyrzykowski, L Ulaczyk, K Wieckowski, T Paczynski, B Depoy, DL Pogge, RW Preston, GW Thompson, IB Patten, BM AF Dong, Subo Udalski, A. Gould, A. Reach, W. T. Christie, G. W. Boden, A. F. Bennett, D. P. Fazio, G. Griest, K. Szymanski, M. K. Kubiak, M. Soszynski, I. Pietrzynski, G. Szewczyk, O. Wyrzykowski, L. Ulaczyk, K. Wieckowski, T. Paczynski, B. DePoy, D. L. Pogge, R. W. Preston, G. W. Thompson, I. B. Patten, B. M. TI First space-based microlens parallax measurement: Spitzer observations of OGLE-2005-SMC-001 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies : stellar content; gravitational lensing ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; DARK-MATTER; PLANET PHOTOMETRY; MACHO PARALLAXES; MASS MEASUREMENT; GALACTIC HALO; STAR; TELESCOPE AB We combine Spitzer and ground-based observations to measure the microlens parallax of OGLE-2005-SMC-001, the first such space-based determination since S. Refsdal proposed the idea in 1966. The parallax measurement yields a projected velocity (v) over tilde similar to 230 km s(-1), the typical value expected for halo lenses, but an order of magnitude smaller than would be expected for lenses lying in the Small Magellanic Cloud itself. The lens is a weak (i.e., non-caustic-crossing) binary, which complicates the analysis considerably but ultimately contributes additional constraints. Using a test proposed by Assef and coworkers, which makes use only of kinematic information about different populations but does not make any assumptions about their respective mass functions, we find that the likelihood ratio is L-halo/L-SMC = 20. Hence, halo lenses are strongly favored, but Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) lenses are not definitively ruled out. Similar Spitzer observations of additional lenses toward the Magellanic Clouds would clarify the nature of the lens population. The Space Interferometry Mission could make even more constraining measurements. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Auckland Observ, Auckland, New Zealand. CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Concepcion, Dept Fis, Concepcion, Chile. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Dong, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM dong@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; udalski@astrouw.edu.pl; gould@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; reach@ipac.caltech.edu; gwchristie@christie.org.nz; bode@ipac.caltech.edu; bennett@nd.edu; fazio@cfa.harvard.edu; griest@ucsd.edu; msz@astrouw.edu.pl; mk@astrouw.edu.pl; soszynsk@astrouw.edu.pl; pietrzyn@astrouw.edu.pl; szewczyk@astrouw.edu.pl; wyrzykow@strouw.edu.pl; kulaczyk@astrouw.edu.pl; twieck@astrouw.edu.pl; bp@astro.princeton.edu; depoy@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; pogge@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; gwp@ociw.edu; ian@ociw.edu; bpatten@cfa.harvard.edu RI Dong, Subo/J-7319-2012; OI Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094 NR 46 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 862 EP 878 DI 10.1086/518536 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000021 ER PT J AU Neufeld, DA Hollenbach, DJ Kaufman, MJ Snell, RL Melnick, GJ Bergin, EA Sonnentrucker, P AF Neufeld, David A. Hollenbach, David J. Kaufman, Michael J. Snell, Ronald L. Melnick, Gary J. Bergin, Edwin A. Sonnentrucker, Paule TI Spitzer spectral line mapping of supernova remnants. I. Basic data and principal component analysis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; molecular processes; shock waves ID SHOCKED MOLECULAR GAS; 3C 391; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NOVA REMNANT; X-RAY; ROTATIONAL LINES; IC-443; W28; W44 AB We report the results of spectroscopic mapping observations carried out toward small (1' x 1') regions within the supernova remnants W44, W28, IC 443, and 3C 391 using the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) of the Spitzer Space Telescope. These observations, covering the 5.2-37 mu m spectral region, have led to the detection of a total of 15 fine-structure transitions of Ne+, Ne++, Si+, P+, S, S++, Cl+, Fe+, and Fe++; the S(0)-S(7) pure rotational lines of molecular hydrogen; and the R(3) and R(4) transitions of hydrogen deuteride. In addition to these 25 spectral lines, the 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.3, and 12.6 mu m PAH emission bands were also observed. Most of the detected line transitions have proven strong enough to map in several sources, providing a comprehensive picture of the relative distribution of the various line emissions observable in the Spitzer IRS bandpass. A principal component analysis of the spectral-line maps reveals that the observed emission lines fall into five distinct groups, each of which may exhibit a distinct spatial distribution: (1) lines of S and H-2(J > 2); (2) the H-2 S(0) line; (3) lines of ions with appearance potentials less than 13.6 eV; ( 4) lines of ions with appearance potentials greater than 13.6 eV, not including S++; (5) lines of S++. Lines of group 1 likely originate in molecular material subject to a slow, nondissociative shock that is driven by the overpressure within the supernova remnant, and lines in groups 3-5 are associated primarily with dissociative shock fronts with a range of (larger) shock velocities. The H-2 S(0) line shows a low-density diffuse emission component and, in some sources, a shock-excited component. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Neufeld, DA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 68 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 890 EP 908 DI 10.1086/518857 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000023 ER PT J AU Sohn, J Lee, CW Park, YS Lee, HM Myers, PC Lee, Y AF Sohn, Jungjoo Lee, Chang Won Park, Yong-Sun Lee, Hyung Mok Myers, Philip C. Lee, Youngung TI Probing inward motions in starless cores using the HCN(J=1-0) hyperfine transitions: A pointing survey toward central regions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : globules; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : molecules; stars : formation ID INFALL MOTIONS; PROTOSTELLAR COLLAPSE; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; CS 2-1; EVOLUTION; L1544; N2H+; DEPLETION; MODELS; CLOUDS AB We have carried out a survey toward the central regions of 85 starless cores in HCN(J = 1-0) to study inward motions in the cores. Sixty-four cores were detected with HCN lines. The infall asymmetry in the HCN spectra is found to be more prevalent, and more prominent than in any other previously used infall tracers such as CS(J = 2 - 1), DCO+ (J = 2 - 1), and N2H+(J = 1 - 0). We have found a close relation between the intensities of the HCN and N2H+ lines. This implies that the HCN is not very depleted in the central regions of the cores. In some cores, the HCN spectra show different signs of asymmetry than other molecular lines. A few cores show various signs of asymmetry in individual HCN hyperfine lines. The distribution of the velocity shift delta V of the HCN profiles with respect to the systemic velocity of the optically thin tracer is found to be more shifted toward the bluer side than those of other infall tracers, indicating that the HCN traces inward motions more frequently. The delta V distribution of each HCN hyperfine line for all sources is similar. Moreover, the delta V values obtained from different HCN hyperfine lines for each source are nearly similar. These may mean that most starless cores are in similar kinematic states across the layers of the cores. We identify 17 infall candidates using all available indicators such as the velocity shift delta V and the blue-to-red peak intensity ratio of double-peaked profiles for HCN(J = 1 - 0), CS(J = 2 - 1), CS(J = 3 - 2), DCO+(J = 2 - 1), and N2H+(J = 1 - 0). Four of them, L63, L492, L694-2, and L1197, are found to show a higher blue-to-red ratio in the HCN hyperfine line along the lower opacity, suggesting that infall speed becomes higher toward the center. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Seoul 151749, South Korea. Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Int Ctr Astrophys, Taejon 305348, South Korea. Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sohn, J (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Seoul 151749, South Korea. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 928 EP 941 DI 10.1086/519159 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000026 ER PT J AU Reid, MJ Menten, KM Greenhill, LJ Chandler, CJ AF Reid, M. J. Menten, K. M. Greenhill, L. J. Chandler, C. J. TI Imaging the ionized disk of the high-mass protostar Orion I SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; ISM : individual (Orion Kleinmann-Low); planetary systems : formation; stars : formation; stars : individual (I, IRc 2) ID COMPACT RADIO-EMISSION; SIO MASER; SUBARCSECOND-RESOLUTION; INFRARED NEBULA; BN/KL REGION; HII-REGIONS; STARS; KL; ACCRETION; CONTINUUM AB We have imaged the enigmatic radio source I (Orion I) in the Orion KL nebula with the VLA at 43 GHz with 34 mas angular resolution. The continuum emission is highly elongated and is consistent with that expected from a nearly edgeon disk. The high brightness and lack of strong molecular lines from Orion I can be used to argue against emission from dust. Collisional ionization and H- free-free opacity, as in Mira variables, require a central star with greater than or similar to 10(5) L-circle dot, which is greater than infrared observations allow. However, if significant local heating associated with accretion occurs, lower total luminosities are possible. Alternatively, photoionization from an early B-type star and p(+)/e(-) bremsstrahlung can explain our observations, and Orion I may be an example of ionized accretion disk surrounding a forming massive star. Such accretion disks may not be able to form planets efficiently. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Reid, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM reid@cfa.harvard.edu; kmenten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; lgreenhill@cfa.harvard.edu; cchandle@nrao.edu NR 35 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 950 EP 955 DI 10.1086/518929 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000028 ER PT J AU Kellogg, E Anderson, C Korreck, K DePasquale, J Nichols, J Sokoloski, JL Krauss, M Pedelty, J AF Kellogg, E. Anderson, C. Korreck, K. DePasquale, J. Nichols, J. Sokoloski, J. L. Krauss, M. Pedelty, J. TI Outer jet X-ray and radio emission in R Aquarii: 1999.8 to 2004.0 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : symbiotic; circumstellar matter; radio continuum : stars; stars : individual (R Aquarii); stars : winds, outflows; white dwarfs; X-rays : general ID CH-CYGNI; PROTOSTELLAR JET; ULTRAVIOLET; SYSTEM; DISCOVERY; SHOCK; SPECTROSCOPY; VARIABILITY; RESOLUTION; OUTBURST AB Chandra and VLA observations of the symbiotic star R Aqr in 2004 reveal significant changes over the 3-4 year interval between these observations and previous observations taken in with the VLA in 1999 and with Chandra in 2000. This paper reports on the evolution of the outer thermal X-ray lobe jets and radio jets. The emission from the outer X-ray lobe jets lies farther away from the central binary than the outer radio jets and comes from material interpreted as being shock-heated to similar or equal to 10(6) K, a likely result of collision between high-speed material ejected from the central binary and regions of enhanced gas density. Between 2000 and 2004, the northeast (NE) outer X-ray lobe jet moved out, away from the central binary, with an apparent projected motion of similar or equal to 580 km s(-1). The southwest (SW) outer X-ray lobe jet almost disappeared between 2000 and 2004, presumably due to adiabatic expansion and cooling. The NE radio-bright spot also moved away from the central binary between 2000 and 2004, but with a smaller apparent velocity than the NE X-ray-bright spot. The SW outer lobe jet was not detected in the radio in either 1999 or 2004. The density and mass of the X-ray-emitting material is estimated. Cooling times, shock speeds, pressure, and confinement are discussed. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kellogg, E (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ekellogg@cfa.harvard.edu NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 1079 EP 1087 DI 10.1086/518877 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000040 ER PT J AU Kilic, M Brown, WR Prieto, CA Pinsonneault, MH Kenyon, SJ AF Kilic, Mukremin Brown, Warren R. Prieto, Carlos Allende Pinsonneault, M. H. Kenyon, S. J. TI The discovery of a companion to the lowest mass white dwarf SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (SDSS J091709.55+463821.8); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; white dwarfs ID CLOSE-BINARY STARS; DEBRIS DISK; HELIUM; EVOLUTION; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS; SEARCH; ORBITS AB We report the detection of a radial velocity companion to SDSS J091709.55+463821.8, the lowest mass white dwarf currently known, with M similar to 0.17 M-circle dot. The radial velocity of the white dwarf shows variations with a semi-amplitude of 148.8 +/- 6.9 km s(-1) and a period of 7.5936 +/- 0: 0024 hr, which implies a companion mass of M >= 0.28 M-circle dot. The lack of evidence of a companion in the optical photometry forces any main-sequence companion to be smaller than 0.1 M-circle dot, hence a low-mass main-sequence star companion is ruled out for this system. The companion is most likely another white dwarf, and we present tentative evidence for an evolutionary scenario that could have produced it. However, a neutron star companion cannot be ruled out, and follow-up radio observations are required to search for a pulsar companion. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kilic, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 1088 EP 1092 DI 10.1086/518735 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000041 ER PT J AU Holman, MJ Winn, JN Latham, DW O'Donovan, FT Charbonneau, D Torres, G Sozzetti, A Fernandez, J Everett, ME AF Holman, Matthew J. Winn, Joshua N. Latham, David W. O'Donovan, Francis T. Charbonneau, David Torres, Guillermo Sozzetti, Alessandro Fernandez, Jose Everett, Mark E. TI The transit light curve (TLC) project. VI. Three transits of the exoplanet TrES-2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (GSC 03549-02811); techniques : photometric ID SPIN-ORBIT ALIGNMENT; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; KEPLER MISSION; HD 189733B; ATMOSPHERE; SYSTEM; MASS; SCINTILLATION; CONFIRMATION AB Of the nearby transiting exoplanets that are amenable to detailed study, TrES-2 is both the most massive and the one with the largest impact parameter. We present z-band photometry of three transits of TrES-2. We improve on the estimates of the planetary, stellar, and orbital parameters, in conjunction with the spectroscopic analysis of the host star by Sozzetti and coworkers. We find the planetary radius to be R-p = 1.222 +/- 0.038 R-Jup and the stellar radius to be R-star=1.003 +/- 0.027 R-circle dot. The quoted uncertainties include the systematic error due to the uncertainty in the stellar mass (M-star=0.980 +/- 0.062 M-circle dot). The timings of the transits have an accuracy of 25 s and are consistent with a uniform period, thus providing a baseline for future observations with the NASA Kepler satellite, whose field of view will include TrES-2. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Holman, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mholman@cfa.harvard.edu RI O'Donovan, Francis/I-2423-2014; OI O'Donovan, Francis/0000-0002-4858-6106; Sozzetti, Alessandro/0000-0002-7504-365X; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 34 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 1185 EP 1189 DI 10.1086/519077 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000050 ER PT J AU Sozzetti, A Torres, G Charbonneau, D Latham, DW Holman, MJ Winn, JN Laird, JB O'Donovan, FT AF Sozzetti, Alessandro Torres, Guillermo Charbonneau, David Latham, David W. Holman, Matthew J. Winn, Joshua N. Laird, John B. O'Donovan, Francis T. TI Improving stellar and planetary parameters of transiting planet systems: The case of TrES-2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE planetary systems; stars : abundances; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (TrES-2) ID LINE-DEPTH RATIOS; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; LIGHT-CURVE PROJECT; COOL DWARF STARS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; HOT JUPITERS; PARENT STARS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; DETERMINISTIC MODEL; GALACTIC BULGE AB We report on a spectroscopic determination of the atmospheric parameters and chemical abundance of the parent star of the recently discovered transiting planet TrES-2. A detailed LTE analysis of a set of Fe (I) and Fe (II) lines from our Keck spectra yields T-eff = 5850 +/- 50 K, log g = 4.4 +/- 0: 1, and [Fe/H]= -0.15 +/- 0.10. Several independent checks (e.g., additional spectroscopy, line-depth ratios) confirm the reliability of our spectroscopic T-eff estimate. The mass and radius of the star, needed to determine the properties of the planet, are traditionally inferred by comparison with stellar evolution models using T-eff and some measure of the stellar luminosity, such as the spectroscopic surface gravity. We apply here a new method in which we use instead of log g the normalized separation a/R-* ( related to the stellar density), directly measurabele from the light curves of transiting planets with much greater precision. With the a/R-* value from the light-curve analysis of Holman and coworkers and our T-eff estimate, we obtain M-* = 0.980 +/- 0.062 M-circle dot and R-* = 1.000(-0.033) (+0.036) R-circle dot, and an evolutionary age of 5.1(-2.3)(+2.7) Gyr, in good agreement with other constraints ( Ca (II) H and K line cores, lithium abundance, and rotation). The new stellar parameters yield improved values for the planetary mass and radius of M-p = 1.198 +/- 0: 053 M-J and Rp = 1.220(- 0.042)(+0.045) R-J, confirming that TrES-2 is the most massive among the currently known nearby (d less than or similar to 300 pc) transiting hot Jupiters. The surface gravity of the planet, log g(p) = 3.299 +/- 0.016, can be derived independently of the knowledge of the stellar parameters (i.e., directly from observations), and with a very high precision rivaling that of the best known double-lined eclipsing binaries. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. INAF Osservatorio Astron Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sozzetti, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM asozzett@cfa.harvard.edu RI O'Donovan, Francis/I-2423-2014; OI O'Donovan, Francis/0000-0002-4858-6106; Sozzetti, Alessandro/0000-0002-7504-365X; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 101 TC 197 Z9 197 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 1190 EP 1198 DI 10.1086/519214 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000051 ER PT J AU Kraft, RP Forman, WR Hardcastle, MJ Jones, C Nulsen, PEJ AF Kraft, R. P. Forman, W. R. Hardcastle, M. J. Jones, C. Nulsen, P. E. J. TI The disturbed 17 keV cluster associated with the radio galaxy 3C 438 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (3C 438); galaxies : jets; hydrodynamics; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID X-RAY CAVITIES; TEMPERATURE RELATION; RX J1347.5-1145; MASS; LUMINOSITY; NUCLEUS; HISTORY; GAS AB We present results from a Chandra observation of the cluster gas associated with the FR II radio galaxy 3C 438. This radio galaxy is embedded within a massive cluster with gas temperature similar to 17 keV and bolometric luminosity of 6 x 10(45) ergs s(-1). It is unclear if this high temperature represents the gravitational mass of the cluster or if this is an already high (similar to 11 keV) temperature cluster that has been heated transiently. We detect a surface brightness discontinuity in the gas that extends similar to 600 kpc through the cluster. The radio galaxy 3C 438 is too small (similar to 110 kpc across) and too weak to have created this large disturbance in the gas. The discontinuity must be the result of either an extremely powerful nuclear outburst or the major merger of two massive clusters. If the observed features are the result of a nuclear outburst, it must be from an earlier epoch of unusually energetic nuclear activity. However, the energy required (similar to 10(63) ergs) to move the gas on the observed spatial scales strongly supports the merger hypothesis. In either scenario, this is one of the most extreme events in the local universe. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Kraft, RP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP L83 EP L86 DI 10.1086/520955 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DC UT WOS:000248675400006 ER PT J AU Kim, S Rosolowsky, E Lee, Y Kim, Y Jung, YC Dopita, MA Elmegreen, BG Freeman, KC Sault, RJ Kesteven, M McConnell, D Chu, YH AF Kim, S. Rosolowsky, E. Lee, Y. Kim, Y. Jung, Y. C. Dopita, M. A. Elmegreen, B. G. Freeman, K. C. Sault, R. J. Kesteven, M. McConnell, D. Chu, Y.-H. TI A catalog of HI clouds in the large magellanic cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (Large Magellanic Clouds) galaxies : ISM; Magellanic Clouds; radio lines : galaxies ID GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS; ABSORPTION-LINE SURVEY; COLD NEUTRAL MEDIUM; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MASS-SPECTRA; THERMAL-INSTABILITY; APERTURE SYNTHESIS; STAR-FORMATION; TURBULENCE AB A 21 cm neutral hydrogen interferometric survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud ( LMC) combined with the Parkes multibeam H I single-dish survey clearly shows that the H I gas is distributed in the form of clumps or clouds. The H I clouds and clumps have been identified using a thresholding method with three separate brightness temperature thresholds ( T-b). Each catalog of H I cloud candidates shows a power-law relationship between the sizes and the velocity dispersions of the clouds roughly following the Larson law scaling sigma(v) proportional to R-0.5, with steeper indices associated with dynamically hot regions. The clouds in each catalog have roughly constant virial parameters as a function of mass, suggesting that the clouds are all in roughly the same dynamical state, but the values of the virial parameter are significantly larger than unity, showing that turbulent motions dominate gravity in these clouds. The mass distribution of the clouds is a power law with differential indices between - 1.6 and - 2.0 for the three catalogs. In contrast, the distribution of mean surface densities is a lognormal distribution. C1 Sejong Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Seoul 143747, South Korea. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. IBM Corp, Div Res, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, KunJa Dong 98, Seoul 143747, South Korea. EM sek@sejong.ac.kr RI Dopita, Michael/P-5413-2014 OI Dopita, Michael/0000-0003-0922-4986 NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 171 IS 2 BP 419 EP 446 DI 10.1086/518126 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DO UT WOS:000248676600004 ER PT J AU Rebull, LM Stapelfeldt, KR Evans, NJ Jorgensen, JK Harvey, PM Brooke, TY Bourke, TL Padgett, DL Chapman, NL Lai, SP Spiesman, WJ Noriega-Crespo, A Merin, B Huard, T Allen, LE Blake, GA Jarrett, T Koerner, DW Mundy, LG Myers, PC Sargent, AI van Dishoeck, EF Wahhaj, Z Young, KE AF Rebull, L. M. Stapelfeldt, K. R. Evans, N. J., II Jorgensen, J. K. Harvey, P. M. Brooke, T. Y. Bourke, T. L. Padgett, D. L. Chapman, N. L. Lai, S.-P. Spiesman, W. J. Noriega-Crespo, A. Merin, B. Huard, T. Allen, L. E. Blake, G. A. Jarrett, T. Koerner, D. W. Mundy, L. G. Myers, P. C. Sargent, A. I. van Dishoeck, E. F. Wahhaj, Z. Young, K. E. TI The Spitzer c2d survey of large, nearby, interstellar clouds. VI. Perseus observed with MIPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared : ISM; infrared : stars; ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (IC 348, NGC 1333); ISM : jets and outflows; stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; MOLECULAR CLOUD; STAR-FORMATION; CONTINUUM EMISSION; OUTFLOW SOURCES; CLUSTER IC-348; NGC 1333; PROTOSTARS; DUST AB We present observations of 10.6 deg(2) of the Perseus molecular cloud at 24, 70, and 160 mu m with Spitzer MIPS. The images show prominent, complex extended emission dominated by illuminating B stars on the east side of the cloud and by cold filaments of 160 mu m emission on the west side. Of 3950 point sources identified at 24 mu m, 1141 have 2MASS counterparts. A quarter of these populate regions of the K-s versus K-s - [24] diagram that are distinct from stellar photospheres and background galaxies and thus are likely to be cloud members with infrared excess. Nearly half ( 46%) of these 24 mu m excess sources are distributed outside the IC 348 and NGC 1333 clusters. A significant number of IRAS PSC objects are not recovered by Spitzer MIPS, most often because the IRAS objects were confused by bright nebulosity. The intercluster region contains several tightly clumped ( r similar to 0.1 pc) young stellar aggregates whose members exhibit a wide variety of infrared SEDs characteristic of different circumstellar environments. This could be explained by a significant age spread among the aggregate members, or if the members formed at the same time, a remarkably rapid circumstellar evolution would be required to account for the association of Class I and Class III sources at ages less than or similar to 1Myr. We highlight important results for the HH 211 flow, where the bow shocks are detected at both 24 and 70 mu m, and for the debris disk candidate BD + 31 643, where the MIPS data show the linear nebulosity to be an unrelated interstellar feature. Our data, mosaics, and catalogs are available at the Spitzer Science Archive for use by interested members of the community. C1 CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Astron Inst, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Nicholls State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70301 USA. RP Rebull, LM (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM luisa.rebull@jpl.nasa.gov RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; OI Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X; Merin, Bruno/0000-0002-8555-3012 NR 80 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 171 IS 2 BP 447 EP 477 DI 10.1086/517607 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DO UT WOS:000248676600005 ER PT J AU Lohr, A Bourke, TL Lane, AP Myers, PC Parshley, SC Stark, AA Tothill, NFH AF Loehr, A. Bourke, T. L. Lane, A. P. Myers, P. C. Parshley, S. C. Stark, A. A. Tothill, N. F. H. TI AST/RO (CO)-C-13(J=-> 1) and (CO)-C-12(J=4 -> 3) mapping of southern Spitzer c2d small clouds and cores SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; radiative transfer; radio lines : ISM; stars : formation; submillimeter ID NEARBY DENSE CORES; ANTARCTIC-SUBMILLIMETER-TELESCOPE; DARK CLOUDS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; EMBEDDED SOURCE; STARLESS CORE; DISCOVERY; CHAMELEON; COALSACK; CATALOG AB Forty molecular cloud cores in the southern hemisphere from the initial Spitzer Space Telescope Cores-to-Disks ( c2d) Legacy program source list have been surveyed in (CO)-C-13( 2 -> 1), (CO)-C-12( 4 -> 3), and (CO)-C-12( 7 -> 6) with the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory ( AST/RO). The cores, 10 of which contain embedded sources, are located mostly in the Vela, Ophiuchus, Lupus, Chamaeleon, Musca, and Scorpius complexes. (CO)-C-12( 7 -> 6) emission was undetected in all 40 clouds. We present data of 40 sources in (CO)-C-13( 2 -> 1) and (CO)-C-12( 4 -> 3), significant upper limits of (CO)-C-12( 7 -> 6), as well as a statistical analysis of the observed properties of the clouds. We find the typical (CO)-C-13( 2 -> 1) line width to be 2.0 km s(-1) for cores with embedded stars and 1.8 km s(-1) for all others. The typical 12CO( 4 -> 3) line width is 2.6-3.7 km s(-1) for cores with known embedded sources, and 1.6-2.3 km s(-1) for all others. The average (CO)-C-13 column density derived from the line intensities was found to be 1.9 x 10(15) cm(-2) for cores with embedded stars and 1.5 x 10(15) cm(-2) for all others. The average kinetic temperature in the molecular cores, determined through a large velocity gradient analysis of a set of nine cores, has an average lower limit of 16 K and an average upper limit of 26K. The average molecular hydrogen density has an average lower limit of 10(2.9) cm(-3) and an average upper limit of 10(3.3) cm(-3) for all cores. For a different subset of nine cores, we have derived masses. They range from 4 to 255M(circle dot) . Overall, our c2d sample of southern molecular cores has a range of properties ( line width, column density, size, mass, embedded stars) similar to those of past studies. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lohr, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM aloehr@cfa.harvard.edu RI Tothill, Nicholas/M-6379-2016 OI Tothill, Nicholas/0000-0002-9931-5162 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 171 IS 2 BP 478 EP 492 DI 10.1086/517608 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DO UT WOS:000248676600006 ER PT J AU Cranmer, SR van Ballegooijen, AA Edgar, RJ AF Cranmer, Steven R. van Ballegooijen, Adriaan A. Edgar, Richard J. TI Self-consistent coronal heating and solar wind acceleration from anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE MHD; solar wind; Sun : atmospheric motions; Sun : corona; turbulence; waves ID KINETIC ALFVEN WAVES; MAGNETIC-FLUX TUBES; LATE-TYPE STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; ION COMPOSITION SPECTROMETER; STELLAR CONVECTION ZONES; OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; HIGH-FREQUENCY WAVES; GRANULAR SHEAR-FLOW; TRANSITION REGION AB We present a series of models for the plasma properties along open magnetic flux tubes rooted in solar coronal holes, streamers, and active regions. These models represent the first self-consistent solutions that combine ( 1) chromospheric heating driven by an empirically guided acoustic wave spectrum; ( 2) coronal heating from Alfven waves that have been partially reflected, then damped by anisotropic turbulent cascade; and ( 3) solar wind acceleration from gradients of gas pressure, acoustic wave pressure, and Alfven wave pressure. The only input parameters are the photospheric lower boundary conditions for the waves and the radial dependence of the background magnetic field along the flux tube. We have not included multifluid or collisionless effects ( e. g., preferential ion heating), which are not yet fully understood. For a single choice for the photospheric wave properties, our models produce a realistic range of slow and fast solar wind conditions by varying only the coronal magnetic field. Specifically, a two-dimensional model of coronal holes and streamers at solar minimum reproduces the latitudinal bifurcation of slow and fast streams seen by Ulysses. The radial gradient of the Alfven speed affects where the waves are reflected and damped, and thus whether energy is deposited below or above the Parker critical point. As predicted by earlier studies, a larger coronal " expansion factor'' gives rise to a slower and denser wind, higher temperature at the coronal base, less intense Alfven waves at 1 AU, and correlative trends for commonly measured ratios of ion charge states and FIP-sensitive abundances that are in general agreement with observations. These models offer supporting evidence for the idea that coronal heating and solar wind acceleration ( in open magnetic flux tubes) can occur as a result of wave dissipation and turbulent cascade. RP Cranmer, SR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM scranmer@cfa.harvard.edu; avanballegooijen@cfa.harvard.edu; redgar@cfa.harvard.edu OI van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 315 TC 257 Z9 262 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 171 IS 2 BP 520 EP 551 DI 10.1086/518001 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199DO UT WOS:000248676600009 ER PT J AU Mettke-Hofmann, C AF Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia TI Context-specific neophilia and its consequences for innovations SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPLORATION; EVOLUTION; BIRDS AB According to Ramsey and colleagues the main constituent psychological processes of innovation are response to novelty, exploration, and the ability to recognize it novel solution. I fully support this view but point out that novelty reactions are often context-specific. I will expand on this and discuss the possible consequences of context-specific novelty reactions oil the emergence of innovations. C1 [Mettke-Hofmann, Claudia] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Mettke-Hofmann, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM Mettkec@googlemail.com NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 30 IS 4 BP 419 EP + DI 10.1017/S0140525X07002506 PG 8 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 286LR UT WOS:000254847900029 ER PT J AU Wen, J Nie, ZL Soejima, A Meng, Y AF Wen, Jun Nie, Ze-Long Soejima, Akiko Meng, Ying TI Phylogeny of Vitaceae based on the nuclear GAI1 gene sequences' SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biology of the Vitaceae - A Global Perspective CY JUL, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE GAI1; GA Insensitive gene; grape family; phylogeny; vitaceae ID ANATOMICAL DEVELOPMENT; FLORAL DEVELOPMENT; PARTHENOCISSUS-INSERTA; VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT; GIBBERELLIN RESPONSES; VITIS-RIPARIA; ARABIDOPSIS; FAMILY; RBCL; DNA AB Phylogenetic analysis of 105 nuclear GA11 sequences of Vitaceae provided a fairly robust phylogeny, largely congruent with the recently published chloroplast data of the family. In the GA11 phylogeny, Cayratia Juss., Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch., and Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston form a clade. Cyphostemma and Tetrastigma are both monophyletic, and Cayratia is paraphyletic. Ampelopsis Michx is paraphyletic with the African Rhoicissus Planch. and the South American Cissus striata Ruiz & Pav. and its close relatives (e.g., Cissus simsiana Roem. & Schult.) nested within it. The pinnately leaved Ampelopsis forms a subclade, and the simple and palmately leaved Ampelopsis constitutes another subclade. All species of Cissus L. sampled from Asia, Africa, and Central and South America (except the C striata complex) form a monophyletic group. Pterisanthes Blume of southeastern Asia forms a clade with the Asian Ampelocissus Planch. Vitis L. is monophyletic and forms a larger clade with the tropical Ampelocissus and Pterisanthes. Parthenocissus Planch., forms a clade with Yua C.L. Li, with each genus reportedly monophyletic. Cissus from the Old World is paraphyletic with the neotropical core Cissus nested within it. The basal grade of Cissus consists of taxa from Africa. The African-Asian biogeographic relationships are complex, with several intercontinental disjunctions. The Northern Hemisphere Ampelopsis is most closely related to the South American C. striata complex and the African Rhoicissus. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolut Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Lab Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Osaka Prefecture Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. RP Wen, J (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM wenj@si.edu RI Nie, Ze-Long/N-8471-2015 OI Nie, Ze-Long/0000-0001-8065-3981 NR 57 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 85 IS 8 BP 731 EP 745 DI 10.1139/B07-071 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 225YX UT WOS:000250555400007 ER PT J AU Norris, DR Marra, PP AF Norris, D. Ryan Marra, Peter P. TI Seasonal interactions, habitat quality, and population dynamics in migratory birds SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE carry-over effects; habitat selection; interseasonal density effects; migration; migratory connectivity; population size ID STABLE-CARBON ISOTOPES; GEESE BRANTA-BERNICLA; DISTANCE PASSERINE MIGRANT; SNOW GEESE; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; SPRING MIGRATION; BREEDING GROUNDS; BARNACLE GEESE; BODY CONDITION; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE AB Historically, studies of habitat selection have focused on quantifying how current patterns of habitat occupancy influence condition and survival within a season. This approach however, is overly simplistic, especially for migratory birds that spend different periods of the year in geographically distinct places. Habitat occupancy and the resulting condition of individual birds is likely to be affected by events in the previous season, and the consequences of habitat occupancy will influence individuals and populations in subsequent seasons. Thus, for migratory birds, variation in habitat quality (and quantity) needs to be understood in the context of how events interact throughout periods of the annual cycle. Seasonal interactions can occur at the individual level or population level. Individual-level interactions occur when events in one season produce nonlethal, residual effects that carry over to influence individuals the following season. Population-level interactions occur when a change in population size in one season influences per capita rates the following season. We review various methods for estimating seasonal interactions and highlight a number of examples in the literature. Using a variety of techniques, including intrinsic and extrinsic markers, the vast majority of studies to date have measured seasonal interactions at the individual level. Obtaining estimates of density and changes in per capita rates across multiple seasons to determine population-level interactions has been more challenging. Both types of seasonal interactions can influence population dynamics, but predicting their effects requires detailed knowledge of how populations are geographically connected (i.e., migratory connectivity). We recommend that researchers studying habitat occupancy and habitat selection consider how events in previous seasons influence events within a season. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Norris, DR (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM rnorris@uoguelph.ca RI Norris, Ryan/F-4720-2011 NR 86 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 12 U2 93 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 535 EP 547 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 199DR UT WOS:000248676900005 ER PT J AU Philpott, SM Bichier, P Rice, R Greenberg, R AF Philpott, Stacy M. Bichier, Peter Rice, Robert Greenberg, Russell TI Field-testing ecological and economic benefits of coffee certification programs SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ants; birds; Chiapas; fair trade; Mexico; organic coffee; price premium; shade coffee ID SPECIES RICHNESS; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SHADE COFFEE; MEXICO; SYSTEMS; CHIAPAS; AGROECOSYSTEMS; HIGHLANDS; FOREST AB Coffee agroecosystems are critical to the success of conservation efforts in Latin America because of their ecological and economic importance. Coffee certification programs may offer one way to protect biodiversity and maintain farmer livelihoods. Established coffee certification programs fall into three distinct, but not mutually exclusive categories: organic, fair trade, and shade. The results of previous studies demonstrate that shade certification can benefit biodiversity, but it remains unclear whether a farmer's participation in any certification program can provide both ecological and economic benefits. To assess the value of coffee certification for conservation efforts in the region, we examined economic and ecological aspects of coffee production for eight coffee cooperatives in Chiapas, Mexico, that were certified organic, certified organic and fair trade, or uncertified. We compared vegetation and ant and bird diversity in coffee farms and forests, and interviewed farmers to determine coffee yield, gross revenue from coffee production, and area in coffee production. Although there are no shade-certified farms in the study region, we used vegetation data to determine whether cooperatives would qualify for shade certification: We found no differences in vegetation characteristics, ant or bird species richness, or fraction of forest fauna in farms based on certification. Farmers with organic and organic and fair-trade certification had more land under cultivation and in some cases higher revenue than uncertified farmers. Coffee production area did not vary among farm types. No cooperative passed shade-coffee certification standards because the plantations lacked vertical stratification, yet vegetation variables for shade certification significantly correlated with ant and bird diversity. Although farmers in the Chiapas highlands with organic and/or fair-trade certification may reap some economic benefits from their certification status, their farms may not protect as much biodiversity as shade-certified farms. Working toward triple certification (organic, fair trade, and shade) at the farm level may enhance biodiversity protection, increase benefits to farmers, and lead to more successful conservation strategies in coffee-growing regions. C1 Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Philpott, SM (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM stacy.philpott@utoledo.edu RI Philpott, Stacy/F-2330-2011 NR 35 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 975 EP 985 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00728.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 195GT UT WOS:000248401200019 PM 17650248 ER PT J AU Espeleta, JF Clark, DA AF Espeleta, J. F. Clark, D. A. TI Multi-scale variation in fine-root biomass in a tropical rain forest: A seven-year study SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE aboveground biomass; Costa Rica; La Selva Biological Station; ecological scale; ecological stoichiometry; nitrogen; nutrient ratios; phosphorus; soil fiertility gradients; soil moisture; soil nutrients ID DEEPLY WEATHERED SOILS; DOUGLAS-FIR STANDS; GLOBAL PATTERNS; COSTA-RICA; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; WET FOREST; LA-SELVA; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; CARBON ALLOCATION AB Understanding the dependency of ecosystem processes on spatial and temporal scales is crucial in current efforts to model ecosystem responses to global change. Here we present a case of nonlinear interactions between temporal and spatial scales in a high spatial- and temporal-resolution study of fine-root biomass responses to edaphic and climatic variation in a lowland tropical rain forest (La Selva, Costa Rica). The spatiotemporal variation in fine roots in this forest was considerably greater than that for aboveground live biomass and litterfall. Standing stocks of both live and dead fine roots varied strongly during a seven-year period (up to 10-fold) and across two edaphic gradients with different soil nutrient and water variation (up to four-fold). Fine-root biomass decreased with soil fertility and volumetric soil water content, but responses across a landscape gradient (decreasing with total soil P and K and increasing with N:P ratio between two Oxisols with different weathering) differed from those across a topographic gradient in older Oxisols (increasing with total Fe and Al and decreasing with Ca, Mg, and C:N ratio down the slopes). The spatial contrasts across the landscape gradient (but not in the topographic gradient) changed substantially through time, and they, in fact, disappeared entirely by the middle of the study interval. Shortterm monitoring of belowground standing biomass could thus lead to important biases when quantifying root responses. The positive time X gradient interaction in fine-root biomass across soil types (but not downslope) also indicates nonlinear changes in spatial patterns across temporal scales, so studies on temporal responses also need to be spatially explicit at narrow scales. This interaction also appears to be more complex than previously recognized: semester-averaged fine-root biomass was negatively correlated with soil water content in the preceding semester, but the relationship was restricted to residual Oxisols. To increase the accuracy of global carbon cycle models in the future, a critical complement to observations of ecosystem processes at regional and global scales will be quantifying these processes through multiple years and across the substantial edaphic gradients that typically exist within landscapes. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Espeleta, JF (reprint author), Org Trop Studies, La Selva Biol Stn, INTERLINK 341,POB 02-5635, Miami, FL 33102 USA. EM jespele@sloth.ots.ac.cr NR 90 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 77 IS 3 BP 377 EP 404 DI 10.1890/06-1257.1 PG 28 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 194YO UT WOS:000248379900004 ER PT J AU Bernal, XE Rand, AS Ryan, MJ AF Bernal, Ximena E. Rand, A. Stanley Ryan, Michael J. TI Sexual differences in the behavioral response of tungara frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus, to cues associated with increased predation risk SO ETHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEMALE MATE CHOICE; NEOTROPICAL FROG; POECILIA-RETICULATA; COSTS; CALLS; GUPPY; INFORMATION; FREQUENCY; EXPOSURE; CHORUS AB Engaging in mating behaviors usually increases exposure to predators for both males and females. Anti-predator strategies during reproduction may have important fitness consequences for prey. Previous studies have shown that individuals of several species adjust their reproductive behavior according to their assessment of predation risk, but few studies have explored potential sexual differences in these strategies. In this study, we investigate whether the acoustic cues associated with predatory attacks or those associated with predators themselves affect the mating behavior of female and male tungara frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus. We compared the responses of females approaching a mate and those of calling males when exposed to mating calls associated with sounds representing increased hazard. When presented with mating calls that differed only in whether or not they were followed by a predation-related sound, females preferentially approached the call without predation-related sounds. In contrast to females, calling males showed greater vocal response to calls associated with increased risk than to a call by itself. We found significant differences in the responses of females and males to several sounds associated with increased hazard. Females behaved more cautiously than males, suggesting that the sexes balance the risk of predation and the cost of cautious mating strategies differently. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Bernal, XE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM xbernal@mail.utexas.edu NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0179-1613 J9 ETHOLOGY JI Ethology PD AUG PY 2007 VL 113 IS 8 BP 755 EP 763 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2007.01374.x PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 198AJ UT WOS:000248599100003 ER PT J AU Cortes-Ortiz, L Duda, TF Canales-Espinosa, D Garcia-Orduna, F Rodriguez-Luna, E Berminghamt, E AF Cortes-Ortiz, Liliana Duda, Thomas F., Jr. Canales-Espinosa, Domingo Garcia-Orduna, Francisco Rodriguez-Luna, Ernesto Berminghamt, Eldredge TI Hybridization in large-bodied new world primates SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HYBRID ZONE; HOWLER MONKEY; PAPIO-ANUBIS; ALOUATTA; EVOLUTION; SULAWESI; WILD; INTROGRESSION; INDONESIA; ANIMALS AB Well-documented cases of natural hybridization among primates are not common. In New World primates, natural hybridization has been reported only for small-bodied species, but no genotypic data have ever been gathered that confirm these reports. Here we present genetic evidence of hybridization of two large-bodied species of neotropical primates that diverged similar to 3 MYA. We used species-diagnostic mitochondrial and microsatellite loci and the Y chromosome Sry gene to determine the hybrid status of 36 individuals collected from an area of sympatry in Tabasco, Mexico. Thirteen individuals were hybrids. We show that hybridization and subsequent backcrosses are directionally biased and that the only likely cross between parental species produces fertile hybrid females, but fails to produce viable or fertile males. This system can be used as a model to study gene interchange between primate species that have not achieved complete reproductive isolation. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Univ Veracruzana, Inst Neuroetol, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Cortes-Ortiz, L (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lcortes@umich.edu NR 36 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 176 IS 4 BP 2421 EP 2425 DI 10.1534/genetics.107.074278 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 211NH UT WOS:000249530000040 PM 17603105 ER PT J AU Hummer, DR Heaney, PJ Kubicki, JD Post, JE AF Hummer, D. R. Heaney, P. J. Kubicki, J. D. Post, J. E. TI Nucleation, growth, and phase transformation of titanium oxides in hydrothermal solution SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM dhummer@geosc.psu.edu; heaney@geosc.psu.edu; kubicki@geosc.psu.edu; postj@si.edu RI Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A425 EP A425 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901065 ER PT J AU Pabst, S Zack, T Savov, IP Rost, D Vicenzi, EP AF Pabst, S. Zack, T. Savov, I. P. Rost, D. Vicenzi, E. P. TI In situ geochemical data from metamorphic rocks in the active Mariana subduction zone SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Univ Heidelberg, Mineral Inst, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Carnegie Inst Washington, DTM, Washington, DC USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM spabst@min.uni-heidelberg.de RI Zack, Thomas/C-6153-2009 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A746 EP A746 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789901708 ER PT J AU Sorensen, SS Sisson, VB Harlow, GE Lallemant, HGA Tsujimori, T AF Sorensen, S. S. Sisson, V. B. Harlow, G. E. Lallemant, H. G. Ave Tsujimori, T. TI Jadeitite, lawsonite eclogite, and related rocks, Guatemala: Fluid-rock histories from a cold subduction zone SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Okayama Univ, Inst Study Earths Interior, Tottori 6820193, Japan. EM sorensens@si.edu; j_sisson@netzero.net; gharlow@amnh.org; ave@rice.edu; tatsukix@misasa.okayama-u.ac.jp RI Tsujimori, Tatsuki/D-2677-2009 OI Tsujimori, Tatsuki/0000-0001-9202-7312 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A957 EP A957 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789902286 ER PT J AU Wall, AJ Heaney, PJ Mathur, R Post, JE AF Wall, A. J. Heaney, P. J. Mathur, R. Post, J. E. TI Insights into copper isotope fractionation during the oxidative phase transition of chalcocite, using time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ctr Environm Kinet Analyt, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Juniata Coll, Dept Geol, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. Smithsonian NMNH, Dept Min Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM awall@geosc.psu.edu; heaney@geosc.psu.edu; MATHUR@juniata.edu; POSTJ@si.edu RI Dove, Patricia/A-7911-2010; mathur, ryan/A-5278-2010 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A1081 EP A1081 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789902533 ER PT J AU Wang, H AF Wang, Huiqun TI Dust storms originating in the northern hemisphere during the third mapping year of Mars Global Surveyor SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; atmosphere ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; TES NADIR DATA; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WAVES; ASSIMILATION; DYNAMICS; TIDES AB Data from the third Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) inapping year (MY 26, 2003-2005) are used to investigate dust storms originating in the northern hemisphere. Flushing dust storms, which originate as frontal dust storms at the northern polar vortex edge and propagate southward through topographic channels, are observed immediately before and after a quiescent period that occurs around the northern winter solstice (240 degrees < L-s < 300 degrees). Both the pre- and post-solstice active periods can be further divided into two sub-periods. The most vigorous of these flushing storms occurred during L-s 210-220 degrees and L-s 310-320 degrees. The lifted dust crossed the equator and accumulated in the southern hemisphere. These major dust storms enhanced the Hadley circulation and suppressed the lower-level baroclinic eddies in the northern mid and high latitudes. The 2-3 sol wave number m = 3 traveling waves show the best correlation with flushing dust storms and can combine with other wave modes to produce storm tracks and fronts within individual sub-periods. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Atom & Mol Phys Div, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hwang@cfa.harvard.edu NR 27 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2007 VL 189 IS 2 BP 325 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.01.014 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 194AR UT WOS:000248316800003 ER PT J AU Labandeira, C AF Labandeira, Conrad TI The origin of herbivory on land: Initial patterns of plant tissue consumption by arthropods SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE herbivory; ecological lag; Devonian; Carboniferous; arthropod; plant-insect; interactions; wood boring; seed predation; folivory; fecal pellet; response tissue; sporangia; roots; stems ID PENNSYLVANIAN TREE FERNS; NEW-YORK; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EARLY EVOLUTION; NORTH-AMERICA; EARLY HISTORY; SP-NOV; INSECT; LEAVES AB The early fossil record of terrestrial arthropod herbivory consists of two pulses. The first pulse was concentrated during the latest Silurian to Early Devonian (417 to 403 Ma), and consists of the earliest evidence for consumption of sporangia and stems (and limited fungivore borings). Herbivorization of most of these tissues was rapid, representing 0 to 20 million-year (m.y.) lags from the earliest occurrences of these organs in the fossil record to their initial consumption (Phase 1). For approximately the next 75 m.y., there was a second, more histologically varied origination and expansion of roots, leaves, wood and seeds, whose earliest evidence for herbivorization occurred from the Middle-Late Mississippian boundary to the Middle Pennsylvanian (327 to 309 Ma). The appearance of this second herbivory pulse during the later Paleozoic (Phase 2) is accompanied by major lags of 98 to 54 m.y. between times of appearance of each of the four organ and tissue types and their subsequent herbivory. Both pulses provide a context for three emerging questions. First is an explanation for the contrast between the near instantaneous consumption of plant tissues during Phase 1, versus the exceptionally long lags between the earliest occurrences of plant tissues and their subsequent herbivorization during Phase 2. Second is the identity of arthropod herbivores for both phases. Third is the cause behind the overwhelming targeting of seed-fern plant hosts during Phase 2. Regardless of the answers to these questions, the trace fossil record of plant-arthropod associations provides primary ecological data that remain unaddressed by the body-fossil record alone. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Labandeira, C (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM labandec@si.edu NR 129 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 8 U2 61 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 14 IS 4 BP 259 EP 275 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2007.00152.x PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 199JB UT WOS:000248690900001 ER PT J AU Staley, AM Blanco, JM Dufty, AM Wildt, DE Monfort, SL AF Staley, Airica M. Blanco, Juan M. Dufty, Alfred M., Jr. Wildt, David E. Monfort, Steven L. TI Fecal steroid monitoring for assessing gonadal and adrenal activity in the golden eagle and peregrine falcon SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fecal metabolites; ACTH; HPLC; avian ID ZONOTRICHIA-LEUCOPHRYS-GAMBELII; PAPIO-CYNOCEPHALUS-CYNOCEPHALUS; FLORIDA SANDHILL CRANES; DUCK ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL; GEESE ANSER-ANSER; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; AMERICAN KESTRELS; GLUCOCORTICOID METABOLITES; SERUM CORTICOSTERONE AB We examined the efficacy of noninvasive monitoring of endocrine function via fecal steroid immunoassays in the golden eagle and peregrine falcon. High-pressure liquid chromatography analyses of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) revealed that minor percentages of immunoreactive fGCM co-eluted with [H-3]corticosterone in both sexes of the eagle (2.5-2.7%) and falcon (7.5-11.9%). In contrast, most fecal estrogen metabolites in eagle and falcon females co-eluted with radiolabeled estradiol-17 beta ([H-3]; 57.6, 64.6%, respectively) or estrone ([H-3]; 26.9, 4.1%, respectively). Most fecal progestin metabolite immunoreactivity in the female eagle (24.8%) and falcon (21.7%) co-eluted with progesterone ([C-14]). Most fecal androgen metabolite immunoreactivity in eagle (55.8%) and falcon (63.7%) males co-eluted with testosterone ([C-14]). Exogenous adrenocorticotropin hormone induced increased fGCM excretion above pre-treatment in both species, but only significantly (P < 0.05) in the eagle. Both species showed increased fGCM after saline administration, suggesting the detection of handling stress.' Both species exhibited enterohepatic and renal recirculation of administered steroids as demonstrated by biphasic and triphasic excretion patterns. Thus, noninvasive fecal hormone monitoring is a valid and promising tool for assessing gonadal and adrenal status in rare and threatened birds-of-prey. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Conservat & Sci Directorate, Front Royal, VA USA. Ctr Estudios Rapaces Ibericas, Sevilleja De La Jara, Spain. Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Staley, AM (reprint author), 2701 W Stuart St, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM airicas@hotmail.com NR 51 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 177 IS 6 BP 609 EP 622 DI 10.1007/s00360-007-0159-2 PG 14 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 193UU UT WOS:000248301500002 PM 17464481 ER PT J AU Tirelli, T Campantico, E Pessani, D Tudge, C AF Tirelli, Tina Campantico, Ezio Pessani, Daniela Tudge, Christopher TI Reproductive biology of Mediterranean hermit crabs: Male reproductive apparatus of Clibanarius erythropus (Decapoda : Anomura) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATING-BEHAVIOR; CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; VAS-DEFERENS; SPERMATOPHORE FORMATION; CARIDEA-HIPPOLYTIDAE; FIDDLER CRABS; UCA-LACTEA; SNOW CRAB; CRUSTACEA; BRACHYURA AB The male gonopores, internal male reproductive apparatus, and spermatophores of the Mediterranean hermit crab Clibanarius erythropus are described, using interference phase microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A discussion on the relationship between the gonopore morphology and the different kinds of setae accompanying them, and the reproductive biology of these crabs is presented. Each testis merges into a tubular duct made up of four zones: 1) the collecting tubule with free sperm; 2) the proximal zone, where the ampulla of the spermatophore starts to be formed; 3) the medial zone, where the ampulla is completed, the stalk lengthens and the pedestal is formed; 4) the distal zone, where the mature spermatophores are stored. In the mature spermatophore the two halves of the ampulla meet at the distinct lateral ridge. Sizes of the different parts of the spermatophore are given and their morphology described. The importance of the morphology of the paguroid gonopore, male reproductive system, and spermatophore is confirmed for phylogenetic studies within the Paguroidea and Anomura. C1 Dipartimento Biol Anim & Uomo, I-10123 Turin, Italy. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. American Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Tirelli, T (reprint author), Dipartimento Biol Anim & Uomo, Via Accad Albertina,13, I-10123 Turin, Italy. EM santina.tirelli@unito.it; ctudge@american.edu NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 404 EP 410 DI 10.1651/S-2780.1 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 196WE UT WOS:000248512600003 ER PT J AU Cowgill, LW Trinkaus, E Zeder, MA AF Cowgill, Libby W. Trinkaus, Erik Zeder, Melinda A. TI Shanidar 10: A Middle Paleolithic immature distal lower limb from Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE human paleontology; Late Pleistocene; Tibia; metatarsal; neandertal; modern human ID CROSS-SECTIONAL GEOMETRY; POSTCRANIAL ROBUSTICITY; TRANSVERSE LINES; TABUN CAVE; ISRAEL; GROWTH; TEETH; TIBIA; DATES; SITE AB The analysis of the faunal remains from Shanidar Cave has identified an incomplete immature human distal leg and foot from the deepest levels of the Middle Paleolithic of Shanidar Cave, Iraq. The distal tibia, fibula, first. metatarsal, and two tarsals, designated Shanidar 10, derive from a 1-2-year-old infant. The tibia exhibits a transverse line from a stress episode during the last quarter of its first year postnatal. The cross-sectional geometry of the tibial midshaft reveals modest cortical thickening and a level of diaphyseal robusticity similar to those of recent human infants of a similar developmental age. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Trinkaus, E (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Campus Box 1114, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM lwcowgil@artsci.wustl.edu; trinkaus@artsci.wustl.edu; zederm@si.edu NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 53 IS 2 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.003 PG 11 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 197JY UT WOS:000248552500007 PM 17574652 ER PT J AU Wethington, AR Lydeard, C AF Wethington, Amy R. Lydeard, Charles TI A molecular phylogeny of Physidae (Gastropoda : Basommatophora) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER SNAIL; PHYSA-ACUTA; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SECONDARY STRUCTURES; MORPHOLOGY; CLASSIFICATION; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; ALBINARIA; VIRGATA AB The family Physidae (Pulmonata: Basommatophora) is a group of freshwater hermaphroditic snails that have a Holarctic distribution with extension into Central and South America. Despite considerable literature justifying various taxonomic schemes and groupings, no classification has been proposed using modern phylogenetic methods. In an effort to expand what is known concerning the evolutionary relationships of Physidae, we examined a portion of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes among 66 specimens representing 28 taxa. The molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial sequences supports the monophyly of the family Physidae. Six major clades were uncovered in the analysis, corresponding to differences in penial morphology. These six groups include the following recommended phylogenetic species and species groups: Aplexa elongata (Say), Aplexa 1 group; Physa marmorata Guilding, Aplexa3 group; P. fontinalis (Linneaus), P. jennessi Dall and P. vernalis Taylor & Jokinen, type a group; P. gyrina Say and P. 'ancillaria' Say, type b group; P. acuta Draparnaud, P. speluncaTurner & Clench, P. species A and P. zionis Pilsbry, type c group; and P. pomilia Conrad and P. hendersoni Clench, type bc group. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Wethington, AR (reprint author), Chowan Univ, Dept Biol, 1 Univ Pl,Hassell Dr, Murfreesboro, NC 27855 USA. EM wethia@chowan.edu NR 48 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 73 BP 241 EP 257 DI 10.1093/mollus/eym021 PN 3 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 227UL UT WOS:000250683200005 ER PT J AU Lambert, JB Kozminski, MA Santiago-Blay, JA AF Lambert, Joseph B. Kozminski, Michael A. Santiago-Blay, Jorge A. TI Distinctions among conifer exudates by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article AB Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra have been recorded of exudates harvested from 12 species from the family Araucariaceae, 40 from the Cupressaceae, and one from the Podocarpaceae. These spectra were compared with the spectra previously recorded of 82 species from the Pinaceae. These four families together represent all major groups of extant, resin-bearing conifers. A common set of 10 COSY two-dimensional cross-peaks generally define samples from the Pinaceae, a different set of six peaks define the Araucariaceae, and yet a third set of 10 peaks define the Cupressaceae, with a few exceptions. It is important that proton spectra can distinguish the Araucariaceae and the Cupressaceae, since carbon-13 spectra do not. The one-dimensional peaks not only confirm these familial distinctions but also often characterize genus and species uniquely. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Nat Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lambert, JB (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM jlambert@northwestern.edu NR 8 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1283 EP 1294 DI 10.1021/np0701982 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 203MN UT WOS:000248978800013 PM 17676900 ER PT J AU Mendoza-Franco, EF Aguirre-Macedo, ML Vidal-Martinez, VM AF Mendoza-Franco, Edgar F. Aguirre-Macedo, M. Leopoldina Vidal-Martinez, Victor M. TI New and previously described species of dactylogyridae (Monogenoidea) from the gills of Panamanian freshwater fishes (Teleostei) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEOTROPICAL MONOGENOIDEA; GEN-N; MONOGENETIC TREMATODES; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; CENTRAL-AMERICA; SOUTH-AMERICA; ANCYROCEPHALINAE DACTYLOGYRIDAE; RELATIVES TELEOSTEI; SPP. TELEOSTEI; PROPOSAL AB During an investigation of the diversity of metazoan parasites of 7 freshwater fish species from 3 localities in central Panama, the following gill dactylogyrid (Monogenoidea) species were found: Aphanoblastella chagresii n. sp. from Pimelodella chagresi (Heptapteridae); Aphanoblastella travassosi (Price, 1938) Kritsky, Mendoza-Franco, and Scholz, 2000 from Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae); Diaphorocleidus petrosusi n. sp. from Brycon petrosus (Characidae); Gussevia asota Kritsky, Thatcher, and Boeger, 1989, from Astronotus ocellatus (Cichlidae); Sciadicleithrum panamensis n. sp. from Aequidens coeruleopunctatus (Cichlidae); Urocleidoides flegomai n. sp. from Piabucina panamensis (Lebiasinidae); and Urocleidoides similuncus n. sp. from Poecilia gillii (Poeciliidae). Consideration of the comparative morphology and distribution of these parasites along with the evolutionary history of the host fishes suggests that diversification may be associated with geotectonic events that provided isolation of the Central American fauna with the uplift of the Panamanian Isthmus during early Pliocene (3 mya). C1 Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Parasitol Lab, CINVESTAV, Unit Merida, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. RP Mendoza-Franco, EF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Isl Labs, Apartado Postal 0843, Panama City 03092, Panama. EM mfranco@mda.cinvestav.mx RI Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Leopoldina/A-2511-2008; Vidal-Martinez, Victor/B-5607-2009 OI Aguirre-Macedo, Ma Leopoldina/0000-0002-3910-8305; Vidal-Martinez, Victor/0000-0001-5514-2127 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 EI 1937-2345 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 93 IS 4 BP 761 EP 771 DI 10.1645/GE-1068R.1 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 212RB UT WOS:000249613400006 PM 17918354 ER PT J AU Denitto, F Mighetta, MP Boero, F AF Denitto, Francesco Mighetta, Maria Pla Boero, Ferdinando TI Life cycle of Bougainvillia nana (Cnidaria : Hydrozoa : Bougainvillildae) from Italy, including a discussion of Bougainvillia muscus in the Mediterranean Sea SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article ID EGG AB The life cycle of a species of the genus Bougainvillia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), found in the southern Mediterranean Sea, Italy, is here described. Hydroid colonies produced immature medusae with two tentacles and two ocelli per bull and four unbranched oral tentacles. The number of tentacles and ocelli, which remained constant during the entire life cycle, are here considered diagnostic characters to identify the present as a new species. Female medusae lived Lip to 47 days (with an average of 30 days) when reared at 17 degrees C, while males, reared at the same temperature, were short-lived, concluding their life cycle in no more than 15 days. The medusa of this species resembles B. raimosa var. nana described by Hartlaub in 1911 on the basis of few specimens and no polyp stage. After the complete life cycle has been observed, and given its peculiar medusa stage, Hartlaub's subspecies (variant) must be promoted to species rank as Bougainvillia nana. C1 Univ Salento, Lab Zool & Biol Marina, DiSTeBA, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Salento, Stn Biol Marina, DiSTeBA, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Lab, Balboa, Panama. RP Denitto, F (reprint author), Univ Salento, Lab Zool & Biol Marina, DiSTeBA, Via Prov Lecce Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. EM francesco.denitto@unile.it RI Boero, Ferdinando/B-4494-2008; OI Boero, Ferdinando/0000-0002-6317-2710 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 87 IS 4 BP 853 EP 857 DI 10.1017/S0025315407054574 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 208VS UT WOS:000249347900004 ER PT J AU Baker, ME Weller, DE Jordan, TE AF Baker, Matthew E. Weller, Donald E. Jordan, Thomas E. TI Effects of stream map resolution on measures of riparian buffer distribution and nutrient retention potential SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE riparian buffers; stream map resolution; rowcrop agriculture; nutrients; land cover; threshold analysis; landscape metrics ID DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER-QUALITY; LAND-COVER; NITRATE REMOVAL; LANDSCAPE INFLUENCES; NITROGEN; RESTORATION; DISCHARGES AB Riparian ecosystems are interfaces between aquatic and terrestrial environments recognized for their nutrient interception potential in agricultural landscapes. Stream network maps from a broad range of map resolutions have been employed in watershed studies of riparian areas. However, map resolution may affect important attributes of riparian buffers, such as the connectivity between source lands and small stream channels missing in coarse resolution maps. We sought to understand the influence of changing stream map resolution on measures of the river network, near-stream land cover, and riparian metrics. Our objectives were: (1) to evaluate the influence of stream map resolution on measures of the stream network, the character and extent of near-stream zones, and riparian metrics; (2) to compare patterns of variation among different physiographic provinces; and (3) to explore how predictions of nutrient retention potential might be affected by the resolution of a stream map. We found that using fine resolution stream maps significantly increased our estimates of stream order, drainage density, and the proportion of watershed area occurring near a stream. Increasing stream map resolution reduced the mean distance to source areas as well as mean buffer width and increased the frequency of buffer gaps. Measures of percent land cover within 100 m of streams were less sensitive to stream map resolution. Overall, increasing stream map resolution led to reduced estimates of nutrient retention potential in riparian buffers. In some watersheds, switching from a coarse resolution to a fine resolution stream map completely changed our perception of a stream network from well buffered to largely unbuffered. Because previous, broad-scale analyses of riparian buffers used coarse-resolution stream maps, those studies may have overestimated landscape-level buffer prevalence and effectiveness. We present a case study of three watersheds to demonstrate that interactions among stream map resolution and land cover patterns make a dramatic difference in the perceived ability of riparian buffers to ameliorate effects of agricultural activities across whole watersheds. Moreover, stream map resolution affects inferences about whether retention occurs in streams or riparian zones. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Baker, ME (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM matt.baker@usu.edu RI Baker, Matthew/I-2839-2014; OI Baker, Matthew/0000-0001-5069-0204; Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 NR 59 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 7 BP 973 EP 992 DI 10.1007/s10980-007-9080-z PG 20 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 194ZI UT WOS:000248381900002 ER PT J AU Michael, J AF Michael, J. TI The cancer dictionary. 3d ed SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 132 IS 13 BP 124 EP 124 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 200XZ UT WOS:000248797400354 ER PT J AU Brooks, RA Nizinski, MS Ross, SW Sulak, KJ AF Brooks, R. Allen Nizinski, Martha S. Ross, Steve W. Sulak, Kenneth J. TI Frequency of sublethal injury in a deepwater ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata, an important component of western Atlantic Lophelia reef communities SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARM REGENERATION; BRITTLE-STARS; MICROPHIOPHOLIS-GRACILLIMA; ASTROBRACHION-CONSTRICTUM; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; ROCKALL TROUGH; FIELD SURVEY; CORAL-REEFS; TISSUE LOSS; ECHINODERMATA AB The occurrence and relative abundance of tissue (arm) regeneration in the ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata (Retzius), was examined in individuals collected primarily among colonies of the deep-water coral Lophelia pertusa off the southeastern United States. Seven deep-water coral sites (384-756 m), located between Cape Lookout, NC, and Cape Canaveral, FL, were sampled in June 2004 using a manned submersible. The presence of regenerative tissue was evaluated by visual inspection of each individual ophiuroid, and the proportion of regenerating arms per individual was examined relative to size of individual, geographic location, and depth of collection. Ophiacantha bidentata, the dominant brittle star collected, commonly displayed signs of sublethal injury with over 60% of individuals displaying some evidence of regeneration. These levels of regeneration rival those reported for shallow-water ophiuroids. Larger individuals (> 6.5 mm disc size) had a higher incidence of regeneration than smaller individuals. Size of individual and percent of regeneration were negatively correlated with depth. Although O. bidentata was significantly less abundant in southern versus northern sites, ophiuroid abundance did not appear to be influenced by amount or density of coral substratum. Presence of dense aggregations of O. bidentata indicates that they are an important component of the invertebrate assemblage associated with deep-water coral habitat especially in the northern part of the study area. Assuming that observed frequencies of injury and subsequent regeneration represent predation events then dense ophiuroid aggregations in deep-water coral habitats represent an important renewable trophic resource within these communities. C1 NOAA NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Nizinski, MS (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012 MRC 153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM nizinski@si.edu NR 43 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 152 IS 2 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0690-4 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 192GR UT WOS:000248189300009 ER PT J AU McCollin, T Quilez-Badia, G Josefsen, KD Gill, ME Mesbahi, E Frid, CLJ AF McCollin, Tracy Quilez-Badia, Gerrima Josefsen, Kjell D. Gill, Margaret E. Mesbahi, Ehsan Frid, Chris L. J. TI Ship board testing of a deoxygenation ballast water treatment SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; zooplankton; bacteria; deoxygenation treatment; IMO standard; ballast treatment ID OCEAN; SEA AB A ship board trial of a deoxygenation method for treating ballast water was carried out during a voyage from Southampton (United 14 Kingdom) to Manzanillo (Panama). A nutrient solution added to two ballast tanks encouraged bacterial growth, resulting in a gradual change to an anoxic environment. Samples were taken from two treated tanks and two untreated tanks to assess changes in the abundance and viability of zooplankton, phytoplankton and bacteria. The work was carried out before the International Maritime Organization (IMO) standard was agreed so only a broad indication of whether the results achieved the standard was given. For the zooplankton, the standard would have been achieved within 5 or 7 days but the phytoplankton results were inconclusive. The biological efficacy was the result of the combination of several factors, including the treatment, pump damage and an increase in the water temperature during the voyage. Crown Copyright (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. FRS Marine Lab, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland. Univ Newcastle Upon Tynes, Sch Marine Sci & technol, Dove Marine Lab, N Shields NE30 4PZ, England. SINTEF, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP McCollin, T (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM T.A.McCollin@marlab.ac.uk RI Frid, Christopher/C-6512-2011; OI Frid, Christopher/0000-0002-7565-635X NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1170 EP 1178 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.04.013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 206CU UT WOS:000249162300020 PM 17574278 ER PT J AU Bullock, ES MacPherson, GJ Krot, AN AF Bullock, E. S. MacPherson, G. J. Krot, A. N. TI Forsterite-bearing type BCAIs: Bulk composition evidence for a hybrid origin SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 13-17, 2007 CL Tucson, AZ SP Meteorit Soc, Univ Arizona Lunar & Planetary Lab, Univ Arizona Dept Geosci, Univ Arizona Coll Sci, Life & Planets Astrobiol Ctr, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, SW Meteorite Ctr, Steward Observ, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Planetary Sci Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Lockheed Martin, Cameca, New Wave, Planetary Studies Fdn, Thermo Finnigan, Univ Arizona Press, Tucson Visitors & Convent Bur, Univ Arizona Dept Phys ID ALLENDE METEORITE; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; RICH INCLUSIONS C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Min Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 SU S BP A26 EP A26 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200HZ UT WOS:000248755800034 ER PT J AU Chabot, NL Saslow, SA McDonough, WF McCoy, TJ AF Chabot, N. L. Saslow, S. A. McDonough, W. F. McCoy, T. J. TI The effect of Ni on element partitioning during iron meteorite crystallization SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 13-17, 2007 CL Tucson, AZ SP Meteorit Soc, Univ Arizona Lunar & Planetary Lab, Univ Arizona Dept Geosci, Univ Arizona Coll Sci, Life & Planets Astrobiol Ctr, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, SW Meteorite Ctr, Steward Observ, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Planetary Sci Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Lockheed Martin, Cameca, New Wave, Planetary Studies Fdn, Thermo Finnigan, Univ Arizona Press, Tucson Visitors & Convent Bur, Univ Arizona Dept Phys C1 Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Geol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Min Sci, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM Nancy.Chabot@jhuapl.edu RI Chabot, Nancy/F-5384-2015 OI Chabot, Nancy/0000-0001-8628-3176 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 SU S BP A28 EP A28 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200HZ UT WOS:000248755800039 ER PT J AU Mccoy, TJ Corrigan, CM Goldstein, JI Yang, J Walker, PJ Ash, RD McDonough, WF Chabot, NL AF McCoy, T. J. Corrigan, C. M. Goldstein, J. I. Yang, J. Walker, P. J. Ash, R. D. McDonough, W. F. Chabot, N. L. TI Low-Ni IVA irons depleted in volatiles by impact reheating? SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 13-17, 2007 CL Tucson, AZ SP Meteorit Soc, Univ Arizona Lunar & Planetary Lab, Univ Arizona Dept Geosci, Univ Arizona Coll Sci, Life & Planets Astrobiol Ctr, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, SW Meteorite Ctr, Steward Observ, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Planetary Sci Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Lockheed Martin, Cameca, New Wave, Planetary Studies Fdn, Thermo Finnigan, Univ Arizona Press, Tucson Visitors & Convent Bur, Univ Arizona Dept Phys ID METEORITE C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mccoyt@si.edu RI Chabot, Nancy/F-5384-2015 OI Chabot, Nancy/0000-0001-8628-3176 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 SU S BP A102 EP A102 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200HZ UT WOS:000248755800187 ER PT J AU Plotkin, H Clarke, RS AF Plotkin, H. Clarke, R. S., Jr. TI Harvey Nininger's 1948 petition to nationalize meteorcrater SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 13-17, 2007 CL Tucson, AZ SP Meteorit Soc, Univ Arizona Lunar & Planetary Lab, Univ Arizona Dept Geosci, Univ Arizona Coll Sci, Life & Planets Astrobiol Ctr, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, SW Meteorite Ctr, Steward Observ, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Planetary Sci Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Lockheed Martin, Cameca, New Wave, Planetary Studies Fdn, Thermo Finnigan, Univ Arizona Press, Tucson Visitors & Convent Bur, Univ Arizona Dept Phys C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Philosophy, Talbot Coll, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hplotkin@rogers.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 SU S BP A125 EP A125 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200HZ UT WOS:000248755800233 ER PT J AU Vicenzi, EP Fries, M Fahey, A Rost, D Greenwood, JP Steele, A AF Vicenzi, E. P. Fries, M. Fahey, A. Rost, D. Greenwood, J. P. Steele, A. TI Evidence for young jarosite precipitation on mars SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 13-17, 2007 CL Tucson, AZ SP Meteorit Soc, Univ Arizona Lunar & Planetary Lab, Univ Arizona Dept Geosci, Univ Arizona Coll Sci, Life & Planets Astrobiol Ctr, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, SW Meteorite Ctr, Steward Observ, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Planetary Sci Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Lockheed Martin, Cameca, New Wave, Planetary Studies Fdn, Thermo Finnigan, Univ Arizona Press, Tucson Visitors & Convent Bur, Univ Arizona Dept Phys ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SPECTROMETER C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Middletown, CT USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. EM vicenzie@si.edu RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 SU S BP A157 EP A157 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200HZ UT WOS:000248755800296 ER PT J AU Tchekhovskoy, A McKinney, JC Narayan, R AF Tchekhovskoy, Alexander McKinney, Jonathan C. Narayan, Ramesh TI WHAM: a WENO-based general relativistic numerical scheme - I. Hydrodynamics SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; hydrodynamics; MHD; methods : numerical; galaxies : jets ID PIECEWISE-PARABOLIC METHOD; HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; BLACK-HOLE MAGNETOSPHERES; ESSENTIALLY NONOSCILLATORY SCHEMES; ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; SHOCK-CAPTURING SCHEMES; DRIVEN ACCRETION FLOWS; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; HIGH-ORDER; FORCE-FREE AB Active galactic nuclei, X-ray binaries, pulsars and gamma-ray bursts are all believed to be powered by compact objects surrounded by relativistic plasma flows driving phenomena such as accretion, winds and jets. These flows are often accurately modelled by the relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) approximation. Time-dependent numerical MHD simulations have proven to be especially insightful, but one regime that remains difficult to simulate is when the energy scales (kinetic, thermal, magnetic) within the plasma become disparate. We develop a numerical scheme that significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of the solution in this regime. We use a modified form of the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) method to construct a finite-volume general relativistic hydrodynamics code called WHAM that converges at fifth order. We avoid (1) field-by-field decomposition by adaptively reducing down to two-point stencils near discontinuities for a more accurate treatment of shocks and (2) excessive reduction to low-order stencils, as in the standard WENO formalism, by maintaining high-order accuracy in smooth monotonic flows. Our scheme performs the proper surface integral of the fluxes, converts cell-averaged conserved quantities to point-conserved quantities before performing the reconstruction step, and correctly averages all source terms. We demonstrate that the scheme is robust in strong shocks, very accurate in smooth flows and maintains accuracy even when the energy scales in the flow are highly disparate. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tchekhovskoy, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St,MS 10, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM atchekho@cfa.harvard.edu; jmckinney@cfa.harvard.edu; rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 95 TC 64 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 2 BP 469 EP 497 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11876.x PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209GN UT WOS:000249377100004 ER PT J AU Cowan, NB Agol, E Charbonneau, D AF Cowan, N. B. Agol, E. Charbonneau, D. TI Hot nights on extrasolar planets: mid-infrared phase variations of hot Jupiters SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; techniques : photometric; stars : planetary systems ID HD 209458B; SECONDARY ECLIPSE; THERMAL EMISSION; GIANT PLANETS; LIGHT CURVES; ATMOSPHERES; SPECTRUM; 189733B; PHOTOMETRY; DYNAMICS AB We present results from Spitzer Space Telescope observations of the mid-infrared phase variations of three short-period extrasolar planetary systems: HD 209458, HD 179949 and 51 Peg. We gathered Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) images in multiple wavebands (3.6 or 4.5 and 8 mu m) at eight phases of each planet's orbit. We find the uncertainty in relative photometry from one epoch to the next to be significantly larger than the photon counting error at 3.6 and 4.5 mu m. We are able to place 2 sigma upper limits of only similar to 2 per cent on the phase variations at these wavelengths. At 8 mu m, the epoch-to-epoch systematic uncertainty is comparable to the photon counting noise and we detect a phase function for HD 179949 which is in phase with the planet's orbit and with a relative peak-to-trough amplitude of 0.001 41 (33). Assuming that HD 179949b has a radius R-J < R-p < 1.2R(J), it must recirculate less than 21 per cent of incident stellar energy to its night side at the 1 sigma level (less than 26 per cent at the 2 sigma level, where 50 per cent signifies full recirculation). If the planet has a small Bond albedo, it must have a mass less than 2.4M(J)(1 sigma). We do not detect phase variations for the other two systems but we do place the following 2 sigma upper limits: 0.0007 for 51 Peg and 0.0015 for HD 209458. Due to its edge-on configuration, the upper limit for HD 209458 translates, with appropriate assumptions about Bond albedo, into a lower limit on the recirculation occuring in the planet's atmosphere. HD 209458b must recirculate at least 32 per cent of incident stellar energy to its night side, at the 1 sigma level (at least 16 per cent at the 2 sigma level), which is consistent with other constraints on recirculation from the depth of secondary eclipse depth at 8 mu m and the low optical albedo. These data indicate that different hot Jupiter planets may experience different recirculation efficiencies. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cowan, NB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 35180, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cowan@astro.washington.edu RI Agol, Eric/B-8775-2013 OI Agol, Eric/0000-0002-0802-9145 NR 30 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 2 BP 641 EP 646 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11897.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 209GN UT WOS:000249377100014 ER PT J AU Pomara, LY Cooper, RJ Petit, LJ AF Pomara, Lars Y. Cooper, Robert J. Petit, Lisa J. TI Modeling the flocking propensity of passerine birds in two Neotropical habitats SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE community dynamics; home range; mixed-species flock; multi-species flock; shade coffee ID MIXED-SPECIES FLOCKS; SHADE COFFEE; TERRITORY SIZE; FOREST; MEXICO; FOOD; PATTERNS; DENSITY; BIODIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE AB We examined the importance of mixed-species flock abundance, individual bird home range size, foraging height, and foraging patch characteristics in predicting the propensity for five Neotropical passerine bird species (Slaty Antwren, Myrmotherula schisticolor; Golden-crowned Warbler, Basileuterus culicivorus; Slate-throated Redstart, Myioborus miniatus; Wilson's Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla; and Black-and-white Warbler, Mniotilta varia) to forage within flocks, rather than solitarily. We used study plots in primary mid-elevation forest and in shade coffee fields in western Panama. We expected that all species would spend as much time as possible flocking, but that the social and environmental factors listed above would limit compatibility between flock movements and individual bird movements, explaining variability in flocking propensity both within and among species. Flocking propensity was well predicted by home range size and flock abundance together, for four of the five species. While flock abundance was uniform across plots, home range sizes varied among species and plots, so that home range size appeared to be the principle factor limiting flocking propensity. Estimates of flock abundance were still required, however, for calculating flocking propensity values. Foraging height and patch characteristics slightly improved predictive ability for the remaining species, M. miniatus. In general, individual birds tended to join flocks whenever one was available inside their home range, regardless of a flock's specific location within the home range. Flocking propensities of individual species were lower in shade coffee fields than in forests, and probably vary across landscapes with variations in habitat. This variability affects the stability and species composition of flocks, and may affect survival rates of individual species. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Geog, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30601 USA. Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Brecksville, OH 44141 USA. RP Pomara, LY (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Geog, 1 Univ Stn A3100, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM larspomara@mail.utexas.edu NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2007 VL 153 IS 1 BP 121 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0701-7 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192AJ UT WOS:000248172800013 PM 17375332 ER PT J AU Milton, Y Kaspari, M AF Milton, Ysabel Kaspari, Michael TI Bottom-up and top-down regulation of decomposition in a tropical forest SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE trophic ecology; tropics; fungi; microbivores; brown food web ID FOOD-WEBS; MOIST FOREST; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; RESIDUE DECOMPOSITION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LEAF-LITTER; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; PRODUCTIVITY AB The soil nutrients, microbes, and arthropods of tropical forests are patchy at multiple scales. We asked how these three factors interact to generate patterns of decomposition in 450 100 cm(2) litterbags arrayed along a 50 m ridge top in a Panama rainforest. We tested top-down (via grazing by microbivores like collembola and diplopods) and bottom- up ( via added N and P) effects on the decomposition of cellulose. By using a 1,000-fold gradient in mesh size we generated a two- fold gradient in arthropod grazing. Microbivore grazing first retarded then ultimately enhanced decomposition rates. Micropulses of N and P (simulating concentrated urine) enhanced neither decomposition rates nor microbivores but increased the abundance of predacious ants. Decomposition rates also varied across the ridge, and were lowest in a plot with the deepest litter and highest soil moisture. These data generate the working hypothesis that N and P cascade upward at grains of 100 cm(2) to enhance a major predator in the litter; predators then absorb any increases in microbivores attracted to the extra fungal growth. These population interactions are in turn embedded in mesoscale variability generated by individual tree canopies that drive changes in litter quality and soil moisture. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Kaspari, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut Biol, 730 Van Vleet Oval,Rm 314, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM mkaspari@ou.edu OI Kaspari, Michael/0000-0002-9717-5768 NR 94 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2007 VL 153 IS 1 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0710-6 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192AJ UT WOS:000248172800017 PM 17375326 ER PT J AU Smith, KM Zahn, O Dore, O AF Smith, Kendrick M. Zahn, Oliver Dore, Olivier TI Detection of gravitational lensing in the cosmic microwave background SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; INTEGRATED SACHS-WOLFE; VLA SKY SURVEY; RADIO GALAXIES; 2003 FLIGHT; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ANISOTROPY; POLARIZATION AB Gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), a long-standing prediction of the standard cosmological model, is ultimately expected to be an important source of cosmological information, but first detection has not been achieved to date. We report a 3.4 sigma detection, by applying quadratic estimator techniques to all sky maps from the Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe (WMAP) satellite, and correlating the result with radio galaxy counts from the NRAO VLA sky survey (NVSS). We present our methodology including a detailed discussion of potential contaminants. Our error estimates include systematic uncertainties from density gradients in NVSS, beam effects in WMAP, galactic microwave foregrounds, resolved and unresolved CMB point sources, and the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. C1 Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. RP Smith, KM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 103 TC 177 Z9 177 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 4 AR 043510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.043510 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 206AH UT WOS:000249155800032 ER PT J AU Kornfeld, M Larson, ML Arnold, C Wiewel, A Toft, M Stanford, D AF Kornfeld, Marcel Larson, Mary Lou Arnold, Craig Wiewel, Adam Toft, Mike Stanford, Dennis TI The Nelson site, a Cody occupation in northeastern Colorado SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Paleoindian; Cody; chipped stone; zooarchaeology; seasonality AB The Nelson site in northeastern Colorado represents a Cody age occupation of the High Plains. Because Paleoindian sites of any age are sparse in the archaeological record, each known occurrence adds significant information about prehistory. The Nelson site has received no formal field investigation; however a small quantity of data has accumulated over nearly one half century of collecting. The cultural affiliation can be demonstrated with the recovered chipped stone assemblage and a new radiocarbon date, while zooarchaeological assessment of the fauna yields preliminary information about the nature of the occupation and Paleoindian lifeways. C1 George C Frison Inst, Dept 3431, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kornfeld, M (reprint author), George C Frison Inst, Dept 3431, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 3201 SOUTH STREET, PO BOX 152, LINCOLN, NE 68506-3266 USA SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 52 IS 203 BP 257 EP 278 PG 22 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 220LT UT WOS:000250158900001 ER PT J AU Roper, DC Hoard, RJ Speakman, RJ Glascock, MD DiCosola, AC AF Roper, Donna C. Hoard, Robert J. Speakman, Robert J. Glascock, Michael D. DiCosola, Anne Cobry TI Source analysis of Central Plains tradition pottery using neutron activation analysis: Feasibility and first results SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Central Plains tradition; ceramics; neutron activation analysis; interaction ID CERAMICS AB We report the results of a study applying instrumental neutron activation analysis (NAA) to pottery from eight sites assigned to the western part of the Central Plains tradition (Upper Republican and Smoky Hill phases) and six components identified as High Plains Upper Republican. Our purpose is to test the feasibility of using NAA to trace interactions among people of the Central Plains tradition and between the Central Plains tradition people and their counterparts on the High Plains. Results of the statistical analysis, which was performed using the chemical data for both newly sampled sites and previously studied sites (as reported by Cobry), suggest that NAA is a usable method for evaluating the movement of pottery for at least parts of the Central Plains tradition. Samples from four sites on Medicine Creek as well as the Albert Bell and LeBeau sites formed a single homogeneous group referred to as the Central Plains Reference Group. Samples from the other sites, however, formed distinct groups for each site and also reflected some interaction with their contemporaries. We discuss the implications of these results, some of the questions that remain, and the need for continued sampling. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Sociol Anthropol & Social Work, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Hist Soc, Topeka, KS 66615 USA. Museum Support Ctr, Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD USA. Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Anthropol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Roper, DC (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Sociol Anthropol & Social Work, 204 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM droper@ksu.edu; rhoard@kshs.org; speakmanj@si.edu; glascockm@missouri.edu; arkie@siu.edu OI Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556; Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X; Hoard, Robert/0000-0002-9577-5321 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 3201 SOUTH STREET, PO BOX 152, LINCOLN, NE 68506-3266 USA SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 52 IS 203 BP 325 EP 335 PG 11 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 220LT UT WOS:000250158900005 ER PT J AU Young, RE Vecchione, M Roper, CFE AF Young, R. E. Vecchione, M. Roper, C. F. E. TI A new genus and three new species of decapodiform cephalopods (Mollusca : Cephalopoda) SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the Cephalopod-International-Advisory-Council CY 2006 CL Hobart, AUSTRALIA SP Cephalopod Int Advisory Council, Univ Tasmania, Fisheries Res Dev Corp DE Amphorateuthis alveatus; Asperoteuthis mangoldae; cephalopoda; oegopsida; Promachoteuthis sulcus; species descriptions; systematics ID HAWAIIAN WATERS AB We describe here two new species of oegopsid squids. The first is an Asperoteuthis (Chiroteuthidae), and it is based on 18 specimens. This new species has sucker dentition and a funnel-mantle locking apparatus that are unique within the genus. The second new species is a Promachoteuthis (Promachoteuthidae), and is based on a unique specimen. This new species has tentacle ornamentation which is unique within the genus. We also describe a new genus and a new species of sepioid squid in the subfamily Heteroteuthinae (Sepiolidae) and it is based on four specimens. This new genus and species exhibits unique modifications of the arms in males. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Young, RE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM ryoung@hawaii.edu NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 353 EP 365 DI 10.1007/s11160-007-9044-z PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 171LL UT WOS:000246737400023 ER PT J AU Bromley, RG Buatois, LA Genise, JF Labandeira, CC Mangano, MG Melchor, RN Schlirf, M Uchman, A AF Bromley, Richard G. Buatois, Luis A. Genise, Jorge F. Labandeira, Conrad C. Mangano, M. Gabriela Melchor, Ricardo N. Schlirf, Michael Uchman, Alfred TI Comments on the paper "Reconnaissance of Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation ichnofossils, rocky mountain region, USA: Paleoenvironmental, stratigraphic, and paleoclimatic significance of terrestrial and freshwater ichnocoenoses" by Stephen T. Hasiotis SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRACE FOSSILS; ANCORICHNUS; PALEOSOLS; MARINE; RECORD; COAST C1 Inst Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Museo Paleontol Egidio Feruglio, CONICET, RA-9100 Trelew, Chubut, Argentina. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Nacl La Pampa, CONICET, La Pampa, Argentina. Univ Wurzburg, Inst Palaontol, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Geol Sci, PL-30063 Krakow, Poland. RP Bromley, RG (reprint author), Inst Geol, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. EM rullard@geol.ku.dk NR 88 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 200 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.11.007 PG 10 WC Geology SC Geology GA 199NM UT WOS:000248702500008 ER PT J AU Samper, C AF Samper, Cristian TI From the castle - Mighty Mouse (Smithsonian Web sites) SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Samper, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD AUG PY 2007 VL 38 IS 5 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 193TE UT WOS:000248296700015 ER PT J AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. TI A significant moment for the space age SO SPACE POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material AB Anniversaries offer not only opportunities to celebrate and commemorate a significant event, but also to reflect on larger meanings and consider the place of the events and their actors in the larger fabric of modern society. On 4 October 2007, the world will commemorate the 50th anniversary of the launch of Sputnik 1, the first spacecraft placed in orbit. What has this 50-year history brought us? This essay reflects on this event and its meaning. It suggests that humanity may appropriately conclude that this Earth is not a cage and that humanity may venture beyond it. It also invokes the possibilities of both living more fully on this small and precious world we call home, and of leaving it behind for other planets beyond. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, POB 37012,NASM Room 3550,MRC 311, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM launiusr@si.edu OI Launius, Roger/0000-0003-1633-1253 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-9646 J9 SPACE POLICY JI Space Policy PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 141 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.spacepol.2007.06.007 PG 3 WC International Relations; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC International Relations; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 213XS UT WOS:000249701200002 ER PT J AU Head, JW Chapman, CR Domingue, DL Hawkins, SE McClintock, WE Murchie, SL Prockter, LM Robinson, MS Strom, RG Watters, TR AF Head, James W. Chapman, Clark R. Domingue, Deborah L. Hawkins, S. Edward, III McClintock, William E. Murchie, Scott L. Prockter, Louise M. Robinson, Mark S. Strom, Robert G. Watters, Thomas R. TI The geology of mercury: The view prior to the MESSENGER mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mercury; MESSENGER; planets and satellites; general; mariner 10; caloris basin ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; BASIN-FORMING IMPACTS; INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; STEEP-SIDED DOMES; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; HERMEAN REGOLITH; GLOBAL TECTONICS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; WRINKLE RIDGES AB Mariner 10 and Earth-based observations have revealed Mercury, the innermost of the terrestrial planetary bodies, to be an exciting laboratory for the study of Solar System geological processes. Mercury is characterized by a lunar-like surface, a global magnetic field, and an interior and by an iron core having a radius at least three-quarters of the radius of the planet. The 45% of the surface imaged by Mariner 10 reveals some distinctive differences from the Moon, however, with major contractional fault scarps and huge expanses of moderate-albedo Cayley-like smooth plains of uncertain origin. Our current image coverage of Mercury is comparable to that of telescopic photographs of the Earth's Moon prior to the launch of Sputnik in 1957. We have no photographic images of one-half of the surface, the resolution of the images we do have is generally poor (similar to 1 km), and as with many lunar telescopic photographs, much of the available surface of Mercury is distorted by foreshortening due to viewing geometry, or poorly suited for geological analysis and impact-crater counting for age determinations because of high-Sun illumination conditions. Currently available topographic information is also very limited. Nonetheless, Mercury is a geological laboratory that represents (1) a planet where the presence of a huge iron core may be due to impact stripping of the crust and upper mantle, or alternatively, where formation of a huge core may have resulted in a residual mantle and crust of potentially unusual composition and structure; (2) a planet with an internal chemical and mechanical structure that provides new insights into planetary thermal history and the relative roles of conduction and convection in planetary heat loss; (3) a one-tectonic-plate planet where constraints on major interior processes can be deduced from the geology of the global tectonic system; (4) a planet where volcanic resurfacing may not have played a significant role in planetary history and internally generated volcanic resurfacing may have ceased at similar to 3.8 Ga; (5) a planet where impact craters can be used to disentangle the fundamental roles of gravity and mean impactor velocity in determining impact crater morphology and morphometry; (6) an environment where global impact crater counts can test fundamental concepts of the distribution of impactor populations in space and time; (7) an extreme environment in which highly radar-reflective polar deposits, much more extensive than those on the Moon, can be better understood; (8) an extreme environment in which the basic processes of space weathering can be further deduced; and (9) a potential end-member in terrestrial planetary body geological evolution in which the relationships of internal and surface evolution can be clearly assessed from both a tectonic and volcanic point of view. In the half-century since the launch of Sputnik, more than 30 spacecraft have been sent to the Moon, yet only now is a second spacecraft en route to Mercury. The MESSENGER mission will address key questions about the geologic evolution of Mercury; the depth and breadth of the MESSENGER data will permit the confident reconstruction of the geological history and thermal evolution of Mercury using new imaging, topography, chemistry, mineralogy, gravity, magnetic, and environmental data. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Scottsdale, AZ 85251 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Head, JW (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM James_Head@brown.edu RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 225 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 131 IS 1-4 BP 41 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9263-6 PG 44 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 238DI UT WOS:000251427100003 ER PT J AU Hawkins, SE Boldt, JD Darlington, EH Espiritu, R Gold, RE Gotwols, B Grey, MP Hash, CD Hayes, JR Jaskulek, SE Kardian, CJ Keller, MR Malaret, ER Murchie, SL Murphy, PK Peacock, K Prockter, LM Reiter, RA Robinson, MS Schaefer, ED Shelton, RG Sterner, RE Taylor, HW Watters, TR Williams, BD AF Hawkins, S. Edward, III Boldt, John D. Darlington, Edward H. Espiritu, Raymond Gold, Robert E. Gotwols, Bruce Grey, Matthew P. Hash, Christopher D. Hayes, John R. Jaskulek, Steven E. Kardian, Charles J., Jr. Keller, Mary R. Malaret, Erick R. Murchie, Scott L. Murphy, Patricia K. Peacock, Keith Prockter, Louise M. Reiter, R. Alan Robinson, Mark S. Schaefer, Edward D. Shelton, Richard G. Sterner, Raymond E., II Taylor, Howard W. Watters, Thomas R. Williams, Bruce D. TI The mercury dual imaging system on the MESSENGER spacecraft SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE MESSENGER; Mercury; imaging; camera; imager; CCD; heat pipe; wax pack; photometry; stereo ID MULTISPECTRAL IMAGER; INFLIGHT CALIBRATION; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; GLOBAL TECTONICS; VOLCANISM; MISSION; ATMOSPHERE; PLAINS; MOON AB The Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) on the MESSENGER spacecraft will provide critical measurements tracing Mercury's origin and evolution. MDIS consists of a monochrome narrow-angle camera (NAC) and a multispectral wide-angle camera (WAC). The NAC is a 1.5 degrees field-of-view (FOV) off-axis reflector, coaligned with the WAC, a four-element refractor with a 10.5 degrees FOV and 12-color filter wheel. The focal plane electronics of each camera are identical and use a 1,024 x 1,024 Atmel (Thomson) TH7888A charge-coupled device detector. Only one camera operates at a time, allowing them to share a common set of control electronics. The NAC and the WAC are mounted on a pivoting platform that provides a 90 degrees field-of-regard, extending 40 degrees sunward and 50 degrees anti-sunward from the spacecraft +Z-axis-the boresight direction of most of MESSENGER's instruments. Onboard data compression provides capabilities for pixel binning, remapping of 12-bit data into 8 bits, and lossless or lossy compression. MDIS will acquire four main data sets at Mercury during three flybys and the two-Mercury-solar-day nominal mission: a monochrome global image mosaic at near-zero emission angles and moderate incidence angles, a stereo-complement map at off-nadir geometry and near-identical lighting, multicolor images at low incidence angles, and targeted high-resolution images of key surface features. These data will be used to construct a global image base map, a digital terrain model, global maps of color properties, and mosaics of high-resolution image strips. Analysis of these data will provide information on Mercury's impact history, tectonic processes, the composition and emplacement history of volcanic materials, and the thickness distribution and compositional variations of crustal materials. This paper summarizes MDIS's science objectives and technical design, including the common payload design of the MDIS data processing units, as well as detailed results from ground and early flight calibrations and plans for Mercury image products to be generated from MDIS data. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Appl Coherent Technol, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hawkins, SE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM ed.hawkins@jhuapl.edu RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 39 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 131 IS 1-4 BP 247 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9266-3 PG 92 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 238DI UT WOS:000251427100010 ER PT J AU Labandeira, CC Kvacek, J Mostovski, MB AF Labandeira, Conrad C. Kvacek, Jiri Mostovski, Mikhail B. TI Pollination drops, pollen, and insect pollination of Mesozoic gymnosperms SO TAXON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Generalist Flowers held at the 17th International Botanical Congress CY JUL, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE Alvinia; bennettitales; cheirolepidiaceae; Coleoptera; diptera; insects; mesozoic; plant-insect; associations; pollination drop; seed plants ID SEED-PLANT PHYLOGENY; CAMPYLOPODA CA MEY; PALEOZOIC PTERIDOSPERMS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; BIOTIC POLLINATION; ANGIOSPERM ORIGINS; AUSTRALIAN CYCAD; SOUTHERN AFRICA; FOSSIL EVIDENCE; FLORAL BIOLOGY AB Recent focus on plant-insect associations during the angiosperm radiation from the last 30 million years of the Early Cretaceous has inadvertently de-emphasized a similar but earlier diversification that occurred among gymnosperms. The existence of gyrn nospen n -insect associations during the preangiospernious Mesozoic is evidenced by inouthparts capable of reaching and imbibing pollination drops or similar fluids, availability of pollen types consistent with entomophily, and opportunities for related consumption of pollen, seeds, and reproductivek, associated tissues in major seed-plant groups, namely seed ferns, conifers, cycads, bennettitaleans, and unetaleans. Based on stereotypical plant damage, head-adherent pollen, gut contents, wing structure, mouthpart morphology and insect damage to plant reproductive organs, the likely nectarivores, pollinivores and pollinators were orthopterans, phasinatodeans, webspinners, sawflies and wasps, moths, beetles, inecopteroids, and true flies. These associations are ranked from possible to probable although the last three insect clades provide the strongest evidence for pollinator activity. We docurnent two mid Cretaceous examples of these associations-cycadeoideaceous bennettitaleans and beetles and a cheirolepidiaccous conifer and flies-for which there are multiple lines of evidence for insect consumption of plant reproductive tissues but also pollination mutualisins. These data hiahli2ht the independent origin of a major phase of plant-insect pollinator-related associations during the mid iVlesozoic that served as a prelude for the separate, iterative and later colonization of angiosperms. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Museum, Dept Paleontol, Prague 1, Czech Republic. Natal Museum, ZA-3200 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, ZA-3209 Scottsville, South Africa. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Moscow 117997, Russia. RP Labandeira, CC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012,MRC-121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM labandec@si.edu NR 264 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 44 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY-IAPT PI BRATISLAVA PA C/O INST BOTANY, SLOVAK ACAD SCIENCES DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9, SK-845 23 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD AUG PY 2007 VL 56 IS 3 BP 663 EP 695 PG 33 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 207JM UT WOS:000249247400007 ER PT J AU De Pinna, MCC Ferraris, CJ Vari, RP AF De Pinna, Mario C. C. Ferraris, Carl J., Jr. Vari, Richard P. TI A phylogenetic study of the neotropical catfish family Cetopsidae (Osteichthyes, Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a new classification SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE evolution; gigantism; miniaturization; systematics; taxonomy; whale catfishes ID FISHES; TELEOSTEI; HOMOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; PARSIMONY; VENEZUELA; SKULL; BONES AB A hypothesis on the phylogenetic relationships of the neotropical catfish family Cetopsidae is proposed on the basis of the parsimony analysis of 127 morphological characters and most of the species currently recognized. The family and its two recognized subfamilies, the Cetopsinae and Helogeninae, are corroborated as monophyletic, in agreement with recent studies. Previously proposed classifications of the Cetopsinae, however, were found to be poorly representative of the phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily. Major generic rearrangements are implemented in order that the classification of the Cetopsinae reflects the phylogenetic hypothesis. Pseudocetopsis Bleeker (1862) was found to be polyphyletic and to include several disjunct lineages. One of these lineages, recently named as the genus Cetopsidium Vari, Ferraris, and de Pinna (2005), is the sister group to the rest of the Cetopsinae. Denticetopsis Ferraris (1996) is the next sister group to the remainder of the Cetopsinae. The remaining species of the Cetopsinae belong to one of two sister genera, Paracetopsis Bleeker (1862) and Cetopsis Spix and Agassiz (1829). The latter genus includes species formerly assigned to Hemicetopsis Bleeker (1862), Bathycetopsis Lundberg and Rapp Py-Daniel (1994) and Pseudocetopsis Bleeker (1862). Continued recognition of Hemicetopsis and Bathycetopsis would have required the creation of several additional new genera for various species previously in Pseudocetopsis that form a series of sister groups to a clade composed of Cetopsis oliveirai (Lundberg and Rapp Py-Daniel, 1994), C. coecutiens (Lichtenstein, 1819) and C. candiru (Spix and Agassiz, 1829). Cetopsis oliveirai is a highly paedomorphic species that displays surprising similarities with conditions in juvenile specimens of C. coecutiens, a species that attains a large body size. Such similarities are not evident in adult specimens of the latter species. A new classification is proposed, within which the subfamily Cetopsinae consists of three tribes, the Cetopsidiini, the Cetopsini and the Denticetopsini. The results of the study form the basis for a discussion of the phylogenetic position of the family within the Siluriformes, the phylogenetic biogeography of the Cetopsidae, paedomorphosis and gigantism in the family, and the effect of different semaphoronts on the intrafamilial phylogeny. Journal compilation (c) 2007 The Linnean Society of London. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, BR-04263 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Div Fishes, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP De Pinna, MCC (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, Av Nazare 481, BR-04263 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM pinna@ib.usp.br RI Museu de Zoologia da USP, MZ-USP/Q-2192-2016 NR 84 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4082 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 150 IS 4 BP 755 EP 813 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00306.x PG 59 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 200VS UT WOS:000248791500005 ER PT J AU Rho, JR Srygley, RB Choe, JC AF Rho, Jeong Rae Srygley, Robert Baxter Choe, Jae Chun TI Sex preferences in Jeju pony foals (Equus caballus) for mutual grooming and play-fighting behaviors SO ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Jeju ponies; Equus caballus; mutual grooming; early experience; play-fighting ID NATAL DISPERSAL; HAREM FORMATION; FEMALE HORSES; MARES; AGGRESSION; STALLIONS; DOMINANCE; ETHOGRAM; HERD AB We investigated mutual grooming by Jeju pony (Equus caballus) foals to determine whether male foals preferentially interact with potential future sexual partners or competitors. We predicted that relative to female foals, male foals would exchange grooming more frequently with young mares and that in general, foals would mutually groom more frequently with the opposite sex rather than the same sex. Observing 53 foals between April and October 1998, we recorded 113 mutual grooming events. Male foals exchanged grooming with yearling mares more frequently than with their mother, while female foals exchanged grooming with their mother more frequently than with yearling mares. Contrary to the prediction, foals were not more likely to mutually groom with a foal of the opposite sex than with a foal of the same sex. In our study, 21 instances of play-fighting behavior followed mutual grooming between peers. Relative to intersexual grooming events, play-fighting was more likely to follow intrasexual mutual grooming, and male foals were much more likely to play fight than female foals. These results provide evidence that Jeju pony foals develop and maintain social relationships at the earliest stage of their lives. We suggest that early social experiences might influence social bonding later when the male foal begins to form a harem after separation from its mother. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Behav & Ecol, Seoul, South Korea. Seoul Grand Pk Zoo, Div Res, Gwacheon, South Korea. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Life Sci, Lab Behab & Ecol, Seoul 120750, South Korea. RP Choe, JC (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Lab Behav & Ecol, Seoul, South Korea. EM jaechoe@ewha.ac.kr NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU ZOOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA TOSHIN-BUILDING, HONGO 2-27-2, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0289-0003 J9 ZOOL SCI JI Zool. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 24 IS 8 BP 769 EP 773 DI 10.2108/zsj.24-769 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 234RL UT WOS:000251181300001 PM 18217482 ER PT J AU Kirby, KR Potvin, C AF Kirby, Kathryn R. Potvin, Catherine TI Variation in carbon storage among tree species: Implications for the management of a small-scale carbon sink project SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; biodiversity; carbon sequestration; clean development mechanism; ecosystem services; tropical land-use change ID ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; TROPICAL FOREST; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; EUROPEAN GRASSLANDS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; BURN AGRICULTURE; INTERSECT METHOD; EASTERN PANAMA; ORGANIC-CARBON; BIODIVERSITY AB Despite growing evidence for an effect of species composition on carbon (C) storage and sequestration, few projects have examined the implications of such a relationship for forestry and agriculture-based climate change mitigation activities. We worked with a community in Eastern Panama to determine the average above- and below-ground C stocks of three land-use types in their territory: managed forest, agroforests and pasture. We examined evidence for a functional relationship between tree-species diversity and C storage in each land-use type, and also explored how the use of particular tree species by community members could affect C storage. We found that managed forests in this landscape stored an average of 335 Mg C ha(-1), traditional agroforests an average of 145 Mg C ha(-1), and pastures an average of 46 Mg C ha(-1) including all vegetation-based C stocks and soil C to 40 cm depth. We did not detect a relationship between diversity and C storage; however, the relative contributions of species to C storage per hectare in forests and agroforests were highly skewed and often were not proportional to species' relative abundances. We conclude that protecting forests from conversion to pasture would have the greatest positive impact on C stocks, even though the forests are managed by community members for timber and non-timber forest products. However, because several of the tree species that contribute the most to C storage in forests were identified by community members as preferred timber species, we suggest that species-level management will be important to avoiding C-impoverishment through selective logging in these forests. Our data also indicate that expanding agroforests into areas currently under pasture could sequester significant amounts of carbon while providing biodiversity and livelihood benefits that the most common reforestation systems in the region - monoculture teak plantations - do not provide. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Kirby, KR (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM kirbykat@interchange.ubc.ca RI Kirby, Kathryn/D-1151-2011 NR 93 TC 111 Z9 124 U1 13 U2 115 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 246 IS 2-3 BP 208 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.072 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 196GM UT WOS:000248469700008 ER PT J AU Shindo, F Babb, JF Kirby, K Yoshino, K AF Shindo, Francois Babb, James F. Kirby, Kate Yoshino, Kouichi TI Absorption spectrum in the wings of the potassium second resonance doublet broadened by helium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITES; LINES; MIXTURES; CESIUM; ARGON AB We have measured the reduced absorption coefficients occurring in the wings of the potassium 4(2)S-5(2)P doublet lines at 404.414 nm and at 404.720 nm broadened by helium gas at pressures of several hundred Torr. At the experimental temperature of 900 K, we have detected a shoulder-like broadening feature on the blue wing of the doublet which is relatively flat between 401.8 nm and 402.8 nm and which drops off rapidly for shorter wavelengths, corresponding to absorption from the X-2 Sigma(+) state to the C-2 Sigma(+) state of the K-He quasimolecule. The accurate measurements of the line profiles in the present work will sharply constrain future calculations of potential energy surfaces and transition dipole moments correlating to the asymptotes He-K(5p), He-K(5s), and He-K(3d). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shindo, F (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Babb, James/0000-0002-3883-9501 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 14 BP 2841 EP 2846 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/40/14/005 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 188NL UT WOS:000247926500007 ER PT J AU Sadler, PM Tai, RH AF Sadler, Philip M. Tai, Robert H. TI Transitions - The two high-school pillars supporting college science SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHYSICS; EDUCATION; GRADES C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Dept Sci Educ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Virginia, Curry Sch Educ, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Sadler, PM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Dept Sci Educ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM psadler@cfa.harvard.edu NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 27 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5837 BP 457 EP 458 DI 10.1126/science.1144214 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 194JD UT WOS:000248339800024 PM 17656706 ER PT J AU Hunt, G AF Hunt, Gene TI Paleontology - Variation and early evolution SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hunt, G (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hunte@si.edu RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 27 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5837 BP 459 EP 460 DI 10.1126/science.1145550 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 194JD UT WOS:000248339800025 PM 17656707 ER PT J AU Laurance, W Luizao, R AF Laurance, William Luizao, Regina TI Driving a wedge into the Amazon SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOREST FRAGMENTS; DEFORESTATION; DECAY C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Dept Ecol, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Laurance, W (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. NR 9 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 26 PY 2007 VL 448 IS 7152 BP 409 EP 410 DI 10.1038/448409a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 193VG UT WOS:000248302700024 PM 17653170 ER PT J AU Hall, JPW Lamas, G AF Hall, Jason P. W. Lamas, Gerardo TI Four new symmachiine taxa from the eastern Andes of Peru and Ecuador (Lepidoptera : Riodinidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Andes; Ecuador; montane forest; morphology; Peru; taxonomy ID REVISION AB Four new riodinid taxa in the tribe Symmachiini are described from wet forest habitats between 300 and 1700 m in the eastern Andes of Peru and Ecuador: Mesene leucogyna leucogyna, Mesene leucogyna notia, Mesene margaretta anartia and Symmachia pena. Discussions on their systematic placement are presented. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Mesene bigemmis Stichel is removed from synonymy with Mesene nepticula stigmosa Stichel and reinstated as a species ( rev. stat.); and Mesene oriens Butler is synonymized with Mesene margaretta ( White) ( n. syn.). C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Museo Hist Nat, Lima 14, Peru. RP Hall, JPW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. OI Lamas, Gerardo/0000-0002-3664-6730 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 26 PY 2007 IS 1533 BP 41 EP 52 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 194NF UT WOS:000248350400002 ER PT J AU Huber, SK De Leon, LF Hendry, AP Bermingham, E Podos, J AF Huber, Sarah K. De Leon, Luis Fernando Hendry, Andrew P. Bermingham, Eldredge Podos, Jeffrey TI Reproductive isolation of sympatric morphs in a population of Darwin's finches SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ecological speciation; adaptive radiation; assortative mating; adaptive divergence; genetic divergence ID ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION; DISRUPTIVE SELECTION; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; GEOSPIZA-FORTIS; BEAK MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SIZE; SONG; GALAPAGOS; HYBRIDS AB Recent research on speciation has identified a central role for ecological divergence, which can initiate speciation when (i) subsets of a species or population evolve to specialize on different ecological resources and (ii) the resulting phenotypic modes become reproductively isolated. Empirical evidence for these two processes working in conjunction, particularly during the early stages of divergence, has been limited. We recently described a population of the medium ground finch, Geospiza fortis, that features large and small beak morphs with relatively few intermediates. As in other Darwin's finches of the Gala pagos Islands, these morphs presumably diverged in response to variation in local food availability and inter- or intraspecific competition. We here demonstrate that the two morphs show strong positive assortative pairing, a pattern that holds over three breeding seasons and during both dry and wet conditions. We also document restrictions on gene flow between the morphs, as revealed by genetic variation at 10 microsatellite loci. Our results provide strong support for the central role of ecology during the early stages of adaptive radiation. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Huber, SK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Grad Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM shuber@bio.umass.edu RI Hendry, Andrew/C-5765-2008; De Leon, Luis Fernando/H-1112-2011 OI Hendry, Andrew/0000-0002-4807-6667; NR 39 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 59 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P R SOC B JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 22 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 1619 BP 1709 EP 1714 DI 10.1098/rspb.2007.0224 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 178IJ UT WOS:000247214100005 PM 17504742 ER PT J AU Roelofs, GHA Groot, PJ Nelemans, G Marsh, TR Steeghs, D AF Roelofs, G. H. A. Groot, P. J. Nelemans, G. Marsh, T. R. Steeghs, D. TI On the orbital periods of the AM CVn stars HP librae and V803 Centauri SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : close; stars : individual : V803 Cen; stars : individual : HP Lib; novae, cataclysmic variables ID ACCRETION-DISK PRECESSION; DWARF V803 CEN; CANUM-VENATICORUM; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; WHITE-DWARFS; X-RAY; SUPERHUMPS; SPECTROSCOPY; BINARIES; SYSTEMS AB We analyse high time resolution spectroscopy of the AM CVn stars HP Librae and V803 Centauri, taken with the New Technology Telescope (NTT) and the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory, Chile. We present evidence that the literature value for V803 Cen's orbital period is incorrect, based on an observed 'S-wave' in the binary's spectrogram. We measure a spectroscopic period P-V803 (Cen) = 1596.4 +/- 1.2 s of the S-wave feature, which is significantly shorter than the 1611 -s periods found in previous photometric studies. We conclude that the latter period likely represents a 'superhump'. If one assumes that our S-wave period is the orbital period, V803 Cen's mass ratio can be expected to be much less extreme than previously thought, at q similar to 0.07 rather than q similar to 0.016. This relaxes the constraints on the masses of the components considerably: the donor star then does not need to be fully degenerate, and the mass of the accreting white dwarf no longer has to be very close to the Chandrasekhar limit. For HP Lib, we similarly measure a spectroscopic period P-HP (Lib) = 1102. +/- 8 0.2 s. This supports the identification of HP Lib's photometric periods found in the literature, and the constraints upon the masses derived from them. C1 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02318 USA. RP Roelofs, GHA (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM g.roelofs@astro.ru.nl RI Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 21 PY 2007 VL 379 IS 1 BP 176 EP 182 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11931.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 194WF UT WOS:000248373800020 ER PT J AU Bai, L Marcillac, D Rieke, GH Rieke, MJ Tran, KVH Hinz, JL Rudnick, G Kelly, DM Blaylock, M AF Bai, Lei Marcillac, Delphine Rieke, George H. Rieke, Marcia J. Tran, Kim-Vy H. Hinz, Joannah L. Rudnick, Gregory Kelly, Douglas M. Blaylock, Myra TI Ir observations of MS 1054-03: Star formation and its evolution in rich galaxy clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : clusters : individual (MS 1054-03); galaxies : luminosity function; mass function; infrared : galaxies ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT CLUSTERS; DEEP-FIELD-SOUTH; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; CHANDRA X-RAY; FORMATION RATES C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Bai, L (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 122 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 1 BP 181 EP 197 DI 10.1086/518766 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189QA UT WOS:000248002400017 ER PT J AU Yukita, M Swartz, DA Soria, R Tennant, AF AF Yukita, Mihoko Swartz, Douglas A. Soria, Roberto Tennant, Allyn F. TI Discovery of a transient X-ray source in the compact stellar nucleus of NGC 2403 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : individual (NGC 2403); galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : star clusters; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : galaxies ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SPACE-TELESCOPE CENSUS; SPIRAL GALAXY NGC-2403; STAR-CLUSTERS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; DWARF GALAXY; NGC 4395; M33; MASS AB We report the discovery of an X- ray source coincident with the nuclear star cluster at the dynamical center of the nearby late-type spiral galaxy NGC 2403. The X-ray luminosity of this source varies from below detection levels, similar to 1035 erg s(-1) in the 0.5-8.0 keV band to 7 x 10(38) erg s(-1) on timescales between observations of <2 months. The X-ray spectrum is well fit by an accretion disk model consisting of multiple blackbody components and corresponding physically to a compact object mass of greater than or similar to 5 M-circle dot. No pulsations nor aperiodic behavior is evident in its X- ray light curve on the short timescales of the individual observations. The X-ray properties of the source are more similar to those of the nuclear source X-8 in M33, believed to be a low-mass X-ray binary, then to those of the low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) in NGC 4395. The brightness of the nuclear star cluster, M-I similar to - 11: 8 mag, is typical of clusters in late-type spirals but its effective radius, r(e) similar to 12 pc, is several times larger than average indicating a relatively relaxed cluster and a low probability of a central massive object. Estimating from its observed colors and brightness, the cluster has a mass of greater than or similar to 10(6.5) M-circle dot and an age of similar to 1.4 Gyr. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Yukita, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RI Yukita, Mihoko/E-4135-2017 NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 1 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.1086/518237 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189QA UT WOS:000248002400023 ER PT J AU Ghavamian, P Blair, WP Sankrit, R Raymond, JC Hughes, JP AF Ghavamian, Parviz Blair, William P. Sankrit, Ravi Raymond, John C. Hughes, John P. TI The detection of far-ultraviolet line emission from balmer-dominated supernova remnants in the large magellanic cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (SNR 0505-67.9 [DEM L 71]; SNR 0509-67.5, SNR 0519-69.0, SNR 0548-70.4); ISM : kinematics and dynamics; shock waves; supernova remnants ID ELECTRON-ION EQUILIBRATION; FAST SHOCK-WAVE; CYGNUS LOOP; TEMPERATURE EQUILIBRATION; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS; NONRADIATIVE SHOCKS; OPTICAL-EMISSION; NOVA REMNANTS; BLAST WAVES AB We present the first far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectra of the four known Balmer-dominated supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud, acquired with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer ( FUSE). The remnants DEM L 71 (SNR 0505-67.9), SNR 0509-67.5, SNR 0519-69.0, and SNR 0548-70.4 are all in the nonradiative stages of evolution and exhibit expansion speeds ranging from similar to 500 to similar to 5000 kms(-1). We have detected broad emission lines of Ly beta, Ly gamma, C III, and O VI in DEM L 71 (V-FWHM similar to 1000 km s(-1)) and have detected broad Ly beta and O VI emission in SNR 0519-69.0 (V-FWHM - 3000 km s(-1)). In addition, broad Ly beta emission (V-FWHM similar to 3700 km s(-1)) has been observed in SNR 0509 similar to 67.5, the first detection of broad line emission from this SNR. No emission was detected in our FUSE spectrum of SNR 0548 similar to 70.4, allowing us to place only upper limits on the FUV line fluxes. The spectra of these SNRs are unaffected by postshock cooling and provide valuable probes of collisionless heating efficiency in high Mach number shocks. We have used the F(Ly beta)/FO (VI)(1032) flux ratio and relative widths of the broad Ly beta and O VI lines to estimate the degree of electron-proton and proton-oxygen ion equilibration in DEM L 71, SNR 0509-67.5, and SNR 0519-69.0. Although our equilibration estimates are subject to considerable uncertainty due to the faintness of the FUV lines and contributions from bulk Doppler broadening, our results are consistent with a declining efficiency of electron- proton and proton-oxygen ion equilibration with increasing shock speed. From our shock velocity estimates, we obtain ages of 295-585 yr for SNR 0509-67.5 and 520-900 yr for SNR 0519-69.0, in good agreement with the ages obtained from SN light-echo studies. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Ghavamian, P (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 1 BP 304 EP 321 DI 10.1086/518686 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189QA UT WOS:000248002400026 ER PT J AU Roman-Zuniga, CG Lada, CJ Muench, A Alves, JF AF Roman-Zuniga, Carlos G. Lada, Charles J. Muench, August Alves, Joao F. TI The infrared extinction law at extreme depth in a dark cloud core SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; infrared : ISM ID DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MU-M; DUST; GAS AB We combined sensitive near-infrared data obtained with ground-based imagers on the ESO NTT and VLT telescopes with space mid-infrared data acquired with the IRAC imager on the Spitzer Space Telescope to calculate the extinction law A lambda/A(Ks) as a function of lambda between 1.25 and 7.76 mu m to an unprecedented depth in Barnard 59, a starforming, dense core located in the Pipe Nebula. The ratios A lambda/A(Ks) were calculated from the slopes of the distributions of sources in color-color diagrams lambda-Ks versus H-Ks. The distributions in the color-color diagrams are fit well with single slopes to extinction levels of A(Ks)approximate to 7 (AV approximate to 59 mag). Consequently, there appears to be no significant variation of the extinction law with depth through the B59 line of sight. However, when slopes are translated into the relative extinction coefficients Ak/AKs, we find an extinction law that departs from the simple extrapolation of the near-infrared power-law extinction curve, and agrees more closely with a dust extinction model for a cloud with a total to selective absorption RV = 5: 5 and a grain size distribution favoring larger grains than those in the diffuse interstellar medium. Thus, the difference we observe could possibly be due to the effect of grain growth in denser regions. Finally, the slopes in our diagrams are somewhat less steep than those from the study of Indebetouw et al. for clouds with lower column densities, and this indicates that the extinction law between 3 and 8 mu m might vary slightly as a function of environment. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Roman-Zuniga, CG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cromanzu@cfa.harvard.edu; clada@cfa.harvard.edu; gmuench@cfa.harvard.edu RI Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/F-6602-2016 OI Roman-Zuniga, Carlos/0000-0001-8600-4798 NR 32 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 1 BP 357 EP 362 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189QA UT WOS:000248002400031 ER PT J AU Navascues, DBY Stauffer, JR Morales-Calderon, M Bayo, A Fazzio, G Megeath, T Allen, L Hartmann, LW Calvet, N AF Navascues, David Barrado Y. Stauffer, John R. Morales-Calderon, Maria Bayo, Amelia Fazzio, Giovanni Megeath, Tom Allen, Lori Hartmann, Lee W. Calvet, Nuria TI Spitzer: Accretion in low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the lambda orionis cluster SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (lambda Orionis); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; SPACE-TELESCOPE; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; DISK EVOLUTION; IRAC; POPULATION; TAURUS; OBJECTS; IC-348; GROWTH AB We present multiwavelength optical and IR photometry of 170 previously known low-mass stars and brown dwarfs of the 5 Myr Collinder 69 cluster (lambda Orionis). The new photometry supports cluster membership for most of them, with less than 15% of the previous candidates identified as probable nonmembers. The near-IR photometry allows us to identify stars with IR excesses, and we find that the Class II population is very large, around 25% for stars (in the spectral range M0-M6.5) and 40% for brown dwarfs, down to 0.04 M (circle dot), despite the fact that the H alpha equivalent width is low for a significant fraction of them. In addition, there are a number of substellar objects, classified as Class III, that have optically thin disks. The Class II members are distributed in an inhomogeneous way, lying preferentially in a filament running toward the southeast. The IR excesses for the Collinder 69 members range from pure Class II (flat or nearly flat spectra longward of 1 alpha m), to transition disks with no near-IR excess but excesses beginning within the IRAC wavelength range, to two stars with excess only detected at 24 mu m. Collinder 69 thus appears to be at an age where it provides a natural laboratory for the study of primordial disks and their dissipation. C1 INTA, LAEFF, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Navascues, DBY (reprint author), INTA, LAEFF, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. EM barrado@laeff.inta.es RI Barrado Navascues, David/C-1439-2017; Morales-Calderon, Maria/C-8384-2017 OI Barrado Navascues, David/0000-0002-5971-9242; Morales-Calderon, Maria/0000-0001-9526-9499 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 1 BP 481 EP 500 DI 10.1086/518816 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189QA UT WOS:000248002400044 ER PT J AU Hughes, AM Wilner, DJ Calvet, N D'Alessio, P Claussen, MJ Hogerheijde, MR AF Hughes, A. M. Wilner, D. J. Calvet, N. D'Alessio, P. Claussen, M. J. Hogerheijde, M. R. TI An inner hole in the disk around TW Hydrae resolved in 7 mm dust emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : individual (TW Hydrae) ID YOUNG CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; STAR-FORMATION; TAURI STARS; ASSOCIATION; MODELS; ACCRETION; SPECTRA; GROWTH; ARRAY AB We present Very Large Array observations at 7 mm wavelength that resolve the dust emission structure in the disk around the young star TW Hydrae at the scale of the similar to 4 AU (0.16") radius inner hole inferred from spectral energy distribution modeling. These high-resolution data directly confirm the presence of an inner hole in the dust disk and reveal a high-brightness ring that we associate with the directly illuminated inner edge of the disk. The clearing of the inner disk plausibly results from the dynamical effects of a giant planet in formation. In an appendix, we develop an analytical framework for the interpretation of visibility curves from power-law disk models with inner holes. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Hughes, AM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mhughes@cfa.harvard.edu NR 35 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 1 BP 536 EP 542 DI 10.1086/518885 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189QA UT WOS:000248002400047 ER PT J AU Brunken, S Gupta, H Gottlieb, CA McCarthy, MC Thaddeus, P AF Brunken, S. Gupta, H. Gottlieb, C. A. McCarthy, M. C. Thaddeus, P. TI Detection of the carbon chain negative ion C8H- in TMC-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : molecules; line : identification; molecular data; molecular processes; radio lines : ISM ID LABORATORY DETECTION; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; RADICALS; ANIONS; C4H; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The negative molecular ion C-8 H- has been detected in the Galactic molecular source TMC- 1. Four rotational transitions have been observed in the centimeter- wave band with the NRAO 100 m Green Bank Telescope ( GBT) at precisely the frequencies calculated from the recent laboratory spectroscopy of this large carbon chain anion. C-8 H- is about 5% as abundant as C-8 H, or somewhat more than C-6 H- relative to C-6 H (1.6%). Improved values of the column densities of C-6 H- and C-6 H, and an upper limit for the abundance of the smaller carbon chain C-4 H- of 0.014% with respect to C4H, have also been determined. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Theoret Chem, Dept Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Theoret Chem, Dept Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Brunken, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sbruenken@cfa.harvard.edu; hgupta@cfa.harvard.edu; cgottlieb@cfa.harvard.edu; mccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu; pthaddeus@cfa.harvard.edu RI Brunken, Sandra/B-1880-2010; OI Brunken, Sandra/0000-0001-7175-4828; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 NR 25 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 1 BP L43 EP L46 DI 10.1086/520703 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189QD UT WOS:000248002700011 ER PT J AU Ford, EB Holman, MJ AF Ford, Eric B. Holman, Matthew J. TI Using transit timing observations to search for Trojans of transiting extrasolar planets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; planetary systems : formation; techniques : photometric ID LIGHT-CURVE PROJECT; EARTH-MASS PLANETS; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; HD 149026B; DETECTABILITY; PHOTOMETRY; MIGRATION; LIMIT; PERTURBATIONS AB Theoretical studies predict that Trojans are likely a frequent by-product of planet formation and evolution. We examine the sensitivity of transit timing observations for detecting Trojan companions to transiting extrasolar planets. We demonstrate that this method offers the potential to detect terrestrial-mass Trojans using existing ground-based observatories. We compare the transit timing variation (TTV) method with other techniques for detecting extrasolar Trojans and outline the future prospects for this method. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ford, EB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM eford@cfa.harvard.edu; mholman@cfa.harvard.edu NR 49 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 1 BP L51 EP L54 DI 10.1086/520579 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189QD UT WOS:000248002700013 ER PT J AU Paredes, JM Ribo, M Bosch-Ramon, V West, JR Butt, YM Torres, DF Marti, J AF Paredes, Josep M. Ribo, Marc Bosch-Ramon, Valenti West, Jennifer R. Butt, Yousaf M. Torres, Diego F. Marti, Josep TI Chandra observations of the gamma-ray binary LS I+61 303: Extended X-ray structure? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : emission-line, Be; stars : individual (LS I+61 303); X-rays : binaries; X-rays : general; X-rays : individual (LS I+61 303); X-rays : ISM ID STAR LSI+61-DEGREES-303; MICROQUASAR; +61-DEGREES-303; SPECTROSCOPY; DISCOVERY; EMISSION; PECULIAR; HALOS AB We present a 50 ks observation of the gamma-ray binary LS I + 61 303 carried out with the ACIS-I array aboard the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. This is the highest resolution X-ray observation of the source conducted so far. Possible evidence of an extended structure at a distance between 5" and 12" toward the north of LS I + 61 303 has been found at a significance level of 3.2 sigma. The asymmetry of the extended emission excludes an interpretation in the context of a dust-scattered halo, suggesting an intrinsic nature. On the other hand, while the obtained source flux of F0.3-10 V-ke = 7.1 (+1.8)(-1.4) x 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) and hydrogen column density N-H = (0.70 +/- 0.06) x 10(22) cm(-2) are compatible with previous results, the photon index Gamma = 1.25 +/- 1.09 is the hardest ever found. In light of these new results, we briefly discuss the physics behind the X- ray emission, the location of the emitter, and the possible origin of the extended emission similar to 0.1 pc away from LS I + 61 303. C1 Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Ciencies, CSIC, IEEC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Jaen, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Jaen 23071, Spain. RP Paredes, JM (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM jmparedes@ub.edu; mribo@am.ub.es; vbosch@mpi-hd.mpg.de; jennifer@head.cfa.harvard.edu; ybutt@head.cfa.harvard.edu; dtorres@aliga.ieec.uab.es; jmarti@ujaen.es RI Ribo, Marc/B-3579-2015; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; OI Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Ribo, Marc/0000-0002-9931-4557; Paredes, Josep M./0000-0002-1566-9044; West, Jennifer Rittenhouse/0000-0002-8725-2184 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 1 BP L39 EP L42 DI 10.1086/520674 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189QD UT WOS:000248002700010 ER PT J AU Campbell, BA AF Campbell, Bruce A. TI A rough-surface scattering function for Titan radar studies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTERING; MODEL AB [1] Numerous studies show a relationship between radar backscattering and surface roughness. While estimating the statistical properties of small-scale topography is of particular interest for geologic analysis of Cassini radar data, there is no analytic description of radar scattering over a wide range of incidence angles and roughness. This paper presents an empirical function that links the rms slope at the horizontal scale of the wavelength and HH- or VV-polarization radar echoes. The model is based on comparison of 24-cm wavelength AIRSAR data for lava flows in Hawai'i, at incidence angles of 25 degrees to 55 degrees, with topographic profiles at 25-cm posting. Comparison of model predictions to the range of observed Titan echoes suggests that the radar return is often dominated by a component arising from subsurface scattering. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Campbell, BA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, MRC 315,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 14 AR L14203 DI 10.1029/2007GL030442 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 193OZ UT WOS:000248285200003 ER PT J AU Piperno, DR Moreno, JE Iriarte, J Hoist, I Lachniet, M Jones, JG Ranere, AJ Castanzo, R AF Piperno, D. R. Moreno, J. E. Iriarte, J. Hoist, I. Lachniet, M. Jones, J. G. Ranere, A. J. Castanzo, R. TI Late pleistocene and holocene environmental history of the iguala valley, central balsas watershed of Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE agricultural origins; ecological contexts; microfossils; paleoecology ID MAIZE; EVOLUTION; LOWLANDS; CLIMATE; ORIGIN; DOMESTICATION; NEOTROPICS; DISPERSALS; POLLEN; L. AB The origin of agriculture was a signal development in human affairs and as such has occupied the attention of scholars from the natural and social sciences for well over a century. Historical studies of climate and vegetation are closely associated with crop plant evolution because they can reveal the ecological contexts of plant domestication together with the antiquity and effects of agricultural practices on the environment. In this article, we present paleoecological evidence from three lakes and a swamp located in the Central Balsas watershed of tropical southwestern Mexico that date from 14,000 B.P. to the modern era. [Dates expressed in B.P. years are radiocarbon ages. Calibrated (calendar) ages, expressed as cal B.P., are provided for dates in the text.) Previous molecular studies suggest that maize (Zea mays L.) and other important crops such as squashes (Cucurbita spp.) were domesticated in the region. Our combined pollen, phytolith, charcoal, and sedimentary studies indicate that during the late glacial period (14,000-10,000 B.P.), lake beds were dry, the climate was cooler and drier, and open vegetational communities were more widespread than after the Pleistocene ended. Zea was a continuous part of the vegetation since at least the terminal Pleistocene. During the Holocene, lakes became important foci of human activity, and cultural interference with a species-diverse tropical forest is indicated. Maize and squash were grown at lake edges starting between 10,000 and 5,000 B.P., most likely sometime during the first half of that period. Significant episodes of climatic drying evidenced between 1,800 B.P. and 900 B.P. appear to be coeval with those documented in the Classic Maya region and elsewhere, showing widespread instability in the late Holocene climate. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 0843, Panama. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Exeter, Sch Geog Archaeol & Earth Resources, Dept Archaeol, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Anthropol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Piperno, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 0843, Panama. EM pipernod@si.edu RI Iriarte, Jose /A-1141-2010; OI Lachniet, Matthew/0000-0001-5250-0144; Iriarte, Jose/0000-0002-8155-5360 NR 27 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 17 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 29 BP 11874 EP 11881 DI 10.1073/pnas.0703442104 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 192KA UT WOS:000248199200005 PM 17537917 ER PT J AU Perry, L Flannery, KV AF Perry, Linda Flannery, Kent V. TI Precolumbian use of chili peppers in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE capsicum; Guila Naquitz; zapotec; mitla ID CAPSICUM-FRUTESCENS; GENUS CAPSICUM; DOMESTICATION; SOLANACEAE AB Excavations at Guila Naquitz and Silvia's Cave, two dry rockshelters near Mitla, Oaxaca, Mexico, yielded the remains of 122 chili peppers dating to the period A.D. 600-1521. The chilies can be assigned to at least 10 cultivars, all belonging to the species Capsicum annuum or Capsicum frutescens. The specimens are well enough preserved to permit an evaluation of the criteria used to separate wild and domestic chilies and to distinguish among cultivated races. In addition, they provide the opportunity to assess the reliability of starch grains for documenting the presence of chilies in archaeological sites where no macrobotanical remains are preserved. C1 Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Perry, L (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Archaeobiol Program, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM perryli@si.edu NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 17 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 29 BP 11905 EP 11909 DI 10.1073/pnas.0704936104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 192KA UT WOS:000248199200010 PM 17620613 ER PT J AU Palmer, PI Barkley, MP Kurosu, TP Lewis, AC Saxton, JE Chance, K Gatti, LV AF Palmer, Paul I. Barkley, Michael P. Kurosu, Thomas P. Lewis, Alastair. C. Saxton, Julie E. Chance, Kelly Gatti, Luciana V. TI Interpreting satellite column observations of formaldehyde over tropical South America SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Discussion Meeting on Trace Gas Biogeochemistry and Global Change CY NOV 13-14, 2006 CL Royal Soc, London, ENGLAND HO Royal Soc DE formaldehyde; volatile organic compound; biogenic emissions; biomass burning; global ozone monitoring experiment ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; DRY SEASON; AEROSOLS; FOREST; GOME; WET; PHOTOOXIDATION; FLUXES AB Space-borne column measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO), a high-yield oxidation product of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), represent important constraints for quantifying net regional fluxes of VOCs. Here, we interpret observed distributions of HCHO columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) over tropical South America during 1997-2001. We present the first comparison of year-long in situ isoprene concentrations and fire-free GOME HCHO columns over a tropical ecosystem. GOME HCHO columns and in situ isoprene concentrations are elevated in the wet and dry seasons, with the highest values in the dry season. Previous analysis of the in situ data highlighted the possible role of drought in determining the elevated concentrations during the dry season, inferring the potential of HCHO columns to provide regional-scale constraints for estimating the role of drought on isoprene emissions. The agreement between the observed annual cycles of GOME HCHO columns and Along-Track Scanning Radiometer firecount data over the Amazon basin (correlations typically greater than 0.75 for a particular year) illustrates the potential of HCHO column to provide quantitative information about biomass burning emissions. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. IPEN CNEN SP, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Palmer, PI (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geol Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. EM pip@ed.ac.uk RI Lewis, Alastair/A-6721-2008; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Gatti, Luciana/J-8569-2012; OI Lewis, Alastair/0000-0002-4075-3651; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2007 VL 365 IS 1856 BP 1741 EP 1751 DI 10.1098/rsta.2007.2042 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 186LS UT WOS:000247780800008 PM 17513262 ER PT J AU Rossini, D Calarco, T Giovannetti, V Montangero, S Fazio, R AF Rossini, Davide Calarco, Tommaso Giovannetti, Vittorio Montangero, Simone Fazio, Rosario TI Decoherence by engineered quantum baths SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT School and Workshop on Theory and Technology in Quantum Information, Communication, Computation and Cryptography CY JUN 12-23, 2006 CL Trieste, ITALY ID SPIN-BATH; SYSTEMS; TRANSITION; COMPUTERS; CHAIN; ATOMS AB Optical lattices can be used to simulate quantum baths and hence they can be of fundamental help to study, in a controlled way, the emergence of decoherence in quantum systems. Here we show how to implement a pure dephasing model for a two-level system coupled to an interacting spin bath. In this scheme it is possible to implement a large variety of spin environments embracing Ising, XY and Heisenberg universality classes. After having introduced the model, we calculate exactly the decoherence for the Ising and the XY spin bath model. We find universal features depending on the critical behaviour of the spin bath, both in the short- and long-time limits. The rich scenario that emerges can be tested experimentally and can be of importance for the understanding of the coherence loss in open quantum systems. C1 Scuola Normale Super Pisa, NEST, CNR, INFM, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, BEC CNR INFM, I-38050 Trento, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. RP Rossini, D (reprint author), Scuola Normale Super Pisa, NEST, CNR, INFM, Piazza Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. RI Rossini, Davide/A-8156-2012; Montangero, Simone/J-9393-2013; Fazio, rosario/M-1742-2013; OI Rossini, Davide/0000-0002-9222-1913; Fazio, rosario/0000-0002-7793-179X; GIOVANNETTI, VITTORIO/0000-0002-7636-9002 NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 EI 1751-8121 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD JUL 13 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 28 BP 8033 EP 8040 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/40/28/S12 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 183NA UT WOS:000247578300013 ER PT J AU Coe, MJ Bird, AJ Hill, AB McBride, VA Schurch, M Galache, J Wilson, CA Finger, M Buckley, DA Romero-Colmenero, E AF Coe, M. J. Bird, A. J. Hill, A. B. McBride, V. A. Schurch, M. Galache, J. Wilson, C. A. Finger, M. Buckley, D. A. Romero-Colmenero, E. TI Now you see it, now you don't - the circumstellar disc in the GRO J1008-57 system SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID BE/X-RAY BINARIES; EMISSION; PULSARS; STARS AB Multiwavelength observations are reported here of the Be/X-ray binary pulsar system GRO J1008-57. Over ten years worth of data are gathered together to show that the periodic X-ray outbursts are dependant on both the binary motion and the size of the circumstellar disc. In the first instance an accurate orbital solution is determined from pulse periods, and in the second case the strength and shape of the H alpha emission line is shown to be a valuable indicator of disc size and its behaviour. Furthermore, the shape of the emission line permits a direct determination of the disc size which is in good agreement with theoretical estimates. A detailed study of the pulse period variations during outbursts determined the binary period to be 247.8 +/- 0.4 d, in good agreement with the period determined from the recurrence of the outbursts. C1 Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Coe, MJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM m.j.cole@soton.ac.uk OI Hill, Adam/0000-0003-3470-4834 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 4 BP 1427 EP 1433 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11878.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 184UK UT WOS:000247667900020 ER PT J AU Brough, S Proctor, R Forbes, DA Couch, WJ Collins, CA Burke, DJ Mann, RG AF Brough, S. Proctor, Robert Forbes, Duncan A. Couch, Warrick J. Collins, C. A. Burke, D. J. Mann, R. G. TI Spatially resolved kinematics and stellar populations of brightest cluster and group galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation ID FUNDAMENTAL-PLANE-SURVEY; LINE-STRENGTH GRADIENTS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; IONIZED-GAS; METALLICITY GRADIENTS; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; RED-SEQUENCE; LICK INDEXES; DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS AB We present an examination of the kinematics and stellar populations of a sample of three brightest group galaxies (BGGs) and three brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in X-ray groups and clusters. We have obtained high signal-to-noise ratio Gemini/Gemini South Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) long-slit spectra of these galaxies and use Lick indices to determine ages, metallicities and alpha-element abundance ratios out to at least their effective radii. We find that the BGGs and BCGs have very uniform masses, central ages and central metallicities. Examining the radial dependence of their stellar populations, we find no significant velocity dispersion, age, or alpha-enhancement gradients. However, we find a wide range of metallicity gradients, suggesting a variety of formation mechanisms. The range of metallicity gradients observed is surprising, given the homogeneous environment these galaxies probe and their uniform central stellar populations. However, our results are inconsistent with any single model of galaxy formation and emphasize the need for more theoretical understanding of both the origins of metallicity gradients and galaxy formation itself. We postulate two possible physical causes for the different formation mechanisms. C1 Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, SUPA, Edinburgh EH9 3NJ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Brough, S (reprint author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. EM sbrough@astro.swin.edu.au OI Burke, Douglas/0000-0003-4428-7835 NR 118 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 4 BP 1507 EP 1530 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11900.x PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 184UK UT WOS:000247667900029 ER PT J AU Yoshida, N Oh, SP Kitayama, T Hernquist, L AF Yoshida, Naoki Oh, S. Peng Kitayama, Tetsu Hernquist, Lars TI Early cosmological H II/He III regions and their impact on second-generation star formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : theory; early universe; galaxies : formation; stars : formation ID HOLE-FORMING SUPERNOVAE; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT UNIVERSE; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; FOSSIL HII-REGIONS; COLD DARK-MATTER; METAL-POOR STARS; PRIMORDIAL GAS; 1ST STARS; COSMIC REIONIZATION AB We present the results of three- dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations of the formation and evolution of early H II/ He III regions around the first stars. Cooling and recollapse of the gas in the relic H II region is also followed in a full cosmological context, until second- generation stars are formed. We first carry out ray- tracing simulations of ionizing radiation transfer from the first star. Hydrodynamics is directly coupled with photoionization heating as well as radiative and chemical cooling. The photoionized hot gas is evacuated out of the host halo at a velocity of similar to 30 km s similar to 1. This radiative feedback effect quenches further star formation within the halo for over tens to a hundred million years. We show that the thermal and chemical evolution of the photoionized gas in the relic H II region is remarkably different from that of a neutral primordial gas. Efficientmolecular hydrogen production in the recombining gas enables it to cool to similar to 100 K, where fractionation of HD/ H-2 occurs. The gas further cools by HD line cooling down to a few tens of kelvins. Interestingly, at high redshifts ( z > 10), the minimum gas temperature is limited by that of the cosmic microwave background with T-CMB 2: 728( 1+ z). The gas cloud experiences runaway collapse when its mass is similar to 40M(circle dot) , which is significantly smaller than a typical clump mass of similar to 200 300M(circle dot) for early primordial gas clouds. We argue that massive, rather than very massive, primordial stars may form in the relic H II region. Such stars might be responsible for early metal enrichment of the interstellar medium from which recently discovered hyperYmetal- poor stars were born. C1 Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Toho Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2748510, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Yoshida, N (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Aichi 4648602, Japan. RI Yoshida, Naoki/A-4305-2011 NR 116 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP 687 EP 707 DI 10.1086/518227 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PR UT WOS:000248001500001 ER PT J AU Flaherty, KM Pipher, JL Megeath, ST Winston, EM Gutermuth, RA Muzerolle, J Allen, LE Fazio, GG AF Flaherty, K. M. Pipher, J. L. Megeath, S. T. Winston, E. M. Gutermuth, R. A. Muzerolle, J. Allen, L. E. Fazio, G. G. TI Infrared extinction toward nearby star-forming regions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; infrared : general ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; YOUNG STELLAR CLUSTER; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GALACTIC-CENTER; RHO-OPHIUCHI; MOLECULAR-CLOUD; IMAGING SURVEY; DARK CLOUDS AB We present an independent estimate of the interstellar extinction law for the Spitzer IRAC bands, as well as a first attempt at extending the law to the 24 mu m MIPS band. The source data for these measurements are observations of five nearby star-forming regions: the Orion A cloud, NGC 2068/2071, NGC 2024/2023, Serpens, and Ophiuchus. Color excess ratios EH-Ks/EKs-[lambda] were measured for stars without infrared excess dust emission from circumstellar disks/envelopes. For four of these five regions, the extinction laws are similar at all wavelengths and differ systematically from a previous determination of the extinction law, which was dominated by the diffuse ISM, derived for the IRAC bands. This difference could be due to the difference in the dust properties of the dense molecular clouds observed here and those of the diffuse ISM. The extinction law at longer wavelengths toward the Ophiuchus region lies between that to the other four regions studied here and that for the ISM. In addition, we extended our extinction law determination to 24 mu m for Serpens and NGC 2068/2071 using Spitzer MIPS data. We compare these results against several ISO extinction law determinations, although in each case there are assumptions which make absolute comparison uncertain. However, our work confirms a relatively flatter extinction curve from 4 to 8 mu m than the previously assumed standard, as noted by all of these recent studies. The extinction law at 24 mu m is consistent with previous measurements and models, although there are relatively large uncertainties. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Toledo, Ritter Observ, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Flaherty, KM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 56 TC 212 Z9 212 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP 1069 EP 1082 DI 10.1086/518411 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PR UT WOS:000248001500029 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, LF Gomez, Y Tafoya, D AF Rodriguez, Luis F. Gomez, Yolanda Tafoya, Daniel TI Changes in the radio appearance of MWC 349A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (MWC 349A); ISM : jets and outflows ID BISPECTRUM SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; RECOMBINATION LINE MASER; MWC-349; STAR; DISKS; PHOTOEVAPORATION; PRECESSION; POSITIONS; OUTFLOWS; OBJECTS AB We present new sensitive, high angular resolution 1.3, 2, and 6 cm observations of the continuum emission from the peculiar emission-line star MWC 349A made with the Very Large Array. This radio emission is believed to originate in an ionized flow produced by the photoevaporation of a disk that surrounds the star. We determine for the first time the proper motion of this source, which is consistent with that expected for the location of the source in the Galaxy. Our analysis of the images, that include the new observations as well as archive data covering a time interval of more than 20 years, indicates that the appearance of MWC 349A has been systematically changing over time. The well-defined "hourglass'' shape that characterized the 2 and 1.3 cm appearance of the source in the early 1980s has disappeared, to be replaced by a more "square'' shape. We discuss if these changes can be accounted for by precession of the MWC 349A disk or by intrinsic changes in the parameters of the disk, but could not reach a satisfactory explanation. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rodriguez, LF (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. EM l.rodriguez@astrosmo.unam.mx; y.gomez@astrosmo.unam.mx; dtafoya@cfa.harvard.edu NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP 1083 EP 1091 DI 10.1086/518472 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PR UT WOS:000248001500030 ER PT J AU Harvey, PM Rebull, LM Brooke, T Spiesman, WJ Chapman, N Huard, TL Evans, NJ Cieza, L Lai, SP Allen, LE Mundy, LG Padgett, DL Sargent, AI Stapelfeldt, KR Myers, PC van Dishoeck, EF Blake, GA Koerner, DW AF Harvey, Paul M. Rebull, Luisa M. Brooke, Tim Spiesman, William J. Chapman, Nicholas Huard, Tracy L. Evans, Neal J., II Cieza, Lucas Lai, Shih-Ping Allen, Lori E. Mundy, Lee G. Padgett, Deborah L. Sargent, Anneila I. Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Myers, Philip C. van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Blake, Geoffrey A. Koerner, David W. TI The Spitzer c2d survey of large, nearby, interstellar clouds. VIII. Serpens observed with MIPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : general ID YOUNG STELLAR POPULATION; MOLECULAR CLOUD; CORE; IRAC; CONTINUUM; PERSEUS; PROGRAM; SKY AB We present maps of 1.5 deg(2) of the Serpens dark cloud at 24, 70, and 160 mu m observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope MIPS camera. We describe the observations and briefly discuss the data processing carried out by the c2d team on these data. More than 2400 compact sources have been extracted at 24 mu m, nearly 100 at 70 mu m, and four at 160 mu m. We estimate completeness limits for our 24 mu m survey from Monte Carlo tests with artificial sources inserted into the Spitzer maps. We compare source counts, colors, and magnitudes in the Serpens cloud to two reference data sets: a 0.50 deg(2) set on a low-extinction region near the dark cloud, and a 5.3 deg(2) subset of the SWIRE ELAIS N1 data that was processed through our pipeline. These results show that there is an easily identifiable population of young stellar object candidates in the Serpens cloud that is not present in either of the reference data sets. We also show a comparison of visual extinction and cool dust emission illustrating a close correlation between the two and find that the most embedded YSO candidates are located in the areas of highest visual extinction. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Harvey, PM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM pmh@astro.as.utexas.edu; rebull@ipac.caltech.edu; tyb@astro.caltech.edu; spies@astro.as.utexas.edu; chapman@astro.umd.edu; thuard@cfa.harvard.edu; nje@astro.as.utexas.edu; lcieza@astro.as.utexas.edu; slai@astro.umd.edu; leallen@cfa.harvard.edu; lgm@astro.umd.edu; dlp@ipac.caltech.edu; afs@astro.caltech.edu; krs@exoplanet.jpl.nasa.gov; pmyers@cfa.harvard.edu; ewine@strw.leidenuniv; gab@gps.caltech.edu; koerner@physics.nau.edu RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; OI Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X NR 24 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP 1139 EP 1148 DI 10.1086/518647 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PR UT WOS:000248001500036 ER PT J AU Harvey, P Merin, B Huard, TL Rebull, LM Chapman, N Evans, NJ Myers, PC AF Harvey, Paul Merin, Bruno Huard, Tracy L. Rebull, Luisa M. Chapman, Nicholas Evans, Neal J., II Myers, Philip C. TI The Spitzer c2d survey of large, nearby, interstellar clouds. IX. The Serpens YSO population as observed with IRAC and MIPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : general ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; DYNAMICAL MASS CONSTRAINTS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; STAR-FORMING REGION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; EVOLUTIONARY TRACKS; CORE AB We discuss the combined IRAC/MIPS c2d Spitzer Legacy observations of the Serpens star-forming region. We describe criteria for isolating bona fide YSOs from the extensive background of extragalactic objects. We then discuss the properties of the resulting high-confidence set of 235 YSOs. An additional 51 lower confidence YSOs outside this area are identified from the MIPS data and 2MASS photometry. We present color-color diagrams to compare our observed source properties with those of theoretical models for star/disk/envelope systems and our own modeling of the objects that are well represented by a stellar photosphere plus circumstellar disk. These objects exhibit a wide range of disk properties, from many with actively accreting disks to some with both passive disks and even possibly debris disks. The YSO luminosity function extends down to at least a few times 10(-3) L-circle dot or lower. The lower limit may be set more by our inability to distinguish YSOs from extragalactic sources than by the lack of YSOs at very low luminosities. We find no evidence for variability in the shorter IRAC bands between the two epochs of our data set, Delta t similar to 6 hr. A spatial clustering analysis shows that the nominally less evolved YSOs are more highly clustered than the later stages. The background extragalactic population can be fitted by the same two-point correlation function as seen in other extragalactic studies. We present a table of matches between several previous infrared and X-ray studies of the Serpens YSO population and our Spitzer data set. The clusters in Serpens have a very high surface density of YSOs, primarily with SEDs suggesting extreme youth. The total number of YSOs, mostly Class II, is greater outside the clusters. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Harvey, P (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Astron, RLM 15308, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM pmh@astro.as.utexas.edu; bmerin@rssd.esa.int; thuard@cfa.harvard.edu; rebull@ipac.caltech.edu; chapman@astro.umd.edu; nje@astro.as.utexas.edu; pmyers@cfa.harvard.edu OI Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X; Merin, Bruno/0000-0002-8555-3012 NR 60 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP 1149 EP 1173 DI 10.1086/518646 PN 1 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PR UT WOS:000248001500037 ER PT J AU Kocevski, D Modjaz, M Bloom, JS Foley, R Starr, D Blake, CH Falco, EE Butler, NR Skrutskie, M Szentgyorgyi, A AF Kocevski, Daniel Modjaz, Maryam Bloom, Joshua S. Foley, Ryan Starr, Daniel Blake, Cullen H. Falco, Emilio E. Butler, Nathaniel R. Skrutskie, Mike Szentgyorgyi, Andrew TI Multicolor infrared observations of SN 2006aj. I. The supernova associated with XRF 060218 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; LIGHT CURVES; GALAXY; SPECTROSCOPY; GRB-030329; AFTERGLOWS; PHOTOMETRY; GRB-060218; SN-2006AJ; EMISSION AB We report simultaneous multicolor near-infrared (NIR) observations of the supernova associated with X-ray flash 060218 during the first 16 days after the high-energy event. We find that the light curve rises and peaks relatively fast compared to other Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic), with the characteristic broad NIR peak seen in all three bands. We find that the rise profile before the peak is largely independent of NIR wavelength, each band appearing to transition into a plateau phase around day 10-13. Since the light curve is in the plateau phase when our observations end at day 16, we can only place limits on the peak absolute magnitudes, but we estimate that SN 2006aj is one of the lowest NIR luminosity X-ray flash/gamma-ray burst (XRF/GRB) associated SNe observed to date. The broad peaks observed in the JHK(s) bands point to a large increase in the NIR contribution of the total flux output from days 10-16. This evolution can be seen in the broad color and spectral energy distribution diagrams constructed using UBVRIJHK(s) monochromatic flux measurements for the first 16 days of the event. Ultimately, a 10 day rise time would make SN 2006aj an extremely fast rise SN Ic event, faster than SN 1998bw and SN 2003dh, which combined with its underluminous nature indicates a lower amount of (56)Ni ejected by the progenitor compared to other XRF/GRB-SNe. Furthermore, the lack of significant color change during the rise portion of the burst points to little or no spectral evolution over the first 10 days of activity in the NIR. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kocevski, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kocevski@berkeley.edu; mmodjaz@cfa.harvard.edu; jbloom@astro.berkeley.edu; froley@astro.berkeley.edu; dstarr1@gmail.com; cblake@cfa.harvard.edu; efalco@cfa.harvard.edu; nat@astro.berkeley.edu; mfs4n@virginia.edu; saint@cfa0.cfa.harvard.edu NR 61 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP 1180 EP 1186 DI 10.1086/518159 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PR UT WOS:000248001500039 ER PT J AU Testa, P Reale, F Garcia-Alvarez, D Huenemoerder, DP AF Testa, Paola Reale, Fabio Garcia-Alvarez, David Huenemoerder, David P. TI Detailed diagnostics of an X-ray flare in the single giant HR 9024 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; plasmas; stars : activity; stars : coronae; stars : flare; stars : individual (HR 9024); X-rays : stars ID EMISSION MEASURE DISTRIBUTIONS; LATE-TYPE STARS; STELLAR CORONAE; TRANSITION REGION; PROXIMA-CENTAURI; HERTZSPRUNG-GAP; ATOMIC DATABASE; SOLAR-FLARES; NOVEMBER 12; II-PEGASI AB We analyze a 96 ks Chandra HETGS observation of the single G-type giant HR 9024. The high flux allows us to examine spectral line and continuum diagnostics at high temporal resolution, to derive plasma parameters. A time-dependent one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a loop with half-length L 5 x 10(11) cm (similar to R-*/2) and cross-sectional radius r = 4: 3 x 10(10) cm, with a heat pulse of 15 ks and 2 x 10(11) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) deposited at the loop footpoints, satisfactorily reproduces the observed evolution of temperature and emission measure, derived from the analysis of the strong continuum emission. For the first time we can compare predictions from the hydrodynamic model with single spectral features, other than with global spectral properties. We find that the model closely matches the observed line emission, especially for the hot ( similar to 10(8) K) plasma emission of the Fe xxv complex at similar to 1.85 angstrom. The model loop has L/R-* similar to 1/2 and aspect ratio r/L similar to 0.1, as typically derived for flares observed in active stellar coronae, suggesting that the underlying physics is the same for these very dynamic and extreme phenomena in stellar coronae independently of stellar parameters and evolutionary stage. C1 MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, Sez Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. Osserv Astron Palermo, INAF, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Testa, P (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM testa@space.mit.edu OI Reale, Fabio/0000-0002-1820-4824 NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP 1232 EP 1243 DI 10.1086/518241 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PR UT WOS:000248001500045 ER PT J AU Cheung, CC Harris, DE Stawarz, L AF Cheung, C. C. Harris, D. E. Stawarz, L. TI Superluminal radio features in the M87 jet and the site of flaring TeV gamma-ray emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual ( M87); galaxies : jets; radio continuum : galaxies; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; MAGNETIC COLLIMATION; NUCLEI; M-87; DISK; VARIABILITY; KINEMATICS; ACCRETION; QUASARS; GALAXY AB Superluminal motion is a common feature of radio jets in powerful gamma-ray-emitting active galactic nuclei. Conventionally, the variable emission is assumed to originate near the central supermassive black hole where the jet is launched on parsec scales or smaller. Here we report the discovery of superluminal radio features within a distinct flaring X-ray-emitting region in the jet of the nearby radio galaxy M87 with the Very Long Baseline Array. This shows that these two phenomenological hallmarks - superluminal motion and high-energy variability - are associated, and we place this activity much farther (>= 120 pc) from the "central engine" in M87 than previously thought in relativistic jet sources. We argue that the recent excess very high energy TeV emission from M87 reported by the H.E.S.S. experiment originates from this variable superluminal structure, thus providing crucial insight into the production region of gamma-ray emission in more distant blazars. C1 Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. EM teddy3c@stanford.edu; harris@cfa.harvard.edu; stawarz@slac.stanford.edu NR 27 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP L65 EP L68 DI 10.1086/520510 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PV UT WOS:000248001900004 ER PT J AU Currie, T Kenyon, SJ Rieke, G Balog, Z Bromley, BC AF Currie, Thayne Kenyon, Scott J. Rieke, George Balog, Zoltan Bromley, Benjamin C. TI Terrestrial zone debris disk candidates in h and x Persei SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems : formation; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; CHI-PERSEI; PLANET FORMATION; EVOLUTION; SPITZER; STARS; CLUSTER; DUST; SPECTROGRAPH; EXTINCTION AB We analyze eight sources with strong mid-infrared excesses in the 13 Myr old double cluster h and x Persei. New optical spectra and broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs; 0.36-8 mu m) are consistent with cluster membership. We show that the material with Tau similar to 300-400 K and L-d/L-* similar to 10(-4) to 10-(3) produces the excesses in these sources. Optically thick blackbody disk models, including those with large inner holes, do not match the observed SEDs. The SEDs of optically thin debris disks produced from terrestrial planet formation calculations match the observations well. Thus, some h and x Persei stars may have debris from terrestrial zone planet formation. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Currie, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. EM tcurrie@cfa.harvard.edu NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP L105 EP L108 DI 10.1086/520509 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PV UT WOS:000248001900014 ER PT J AU Fujita, Y Kohri, K Yamazaki, R Kino, M AF Fujita, Yutaka Kohri, Kazunori Yamazaki, Ryo Kino, Motoki TI Nonthermal emission associated with strong agn outbursts at the centers of galaxy clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; galaxies : active; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual ( Perseus); radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION; COOLING FLOW CLUSTERS; X-RAY; GAMMA-RAY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; PERSEUS CLUSTER; COMA CLUSTER; RADIO-SOURCE; HYDRA-A AB Recently, strong AGN outbursts at the centers of galaxy clusters have been found. Using a simple model, we study particle acceleration around a shock excited by an outburst and estimate nonthermal emission from the accelerated particles. We show that emission from secondary electrons is consistent with the radio observations of the minihalo in the Perseus Cluster, if there was a strong AGN outburst >= 108 yr ago with an energy of similar to 1.8 x 10(62) ergs. The validity of our model depends on the frequency of the large outbursts. We also estimate gamma-ray emission from the accelerated particles and show that it could be detected with GLAST. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Fujita, Y (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. EM fujita@vega.ess.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp; k.kohri@lancaster.ac.uk; ryo@theo.phys.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp; kino@vsop.isas.jaxa.jp NR 37 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 2 BP L61 EP L64 DI 10.1086/520337 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189PV UT WOS:000248001900003 ER PT J AU Cardellach, E Elosegui, P Davis, JL AF Cardellach, E. Elosegui, P. Davis, J. L. TI Global distortion of GPS networks associated with satellite antenna model errors SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID PHASE CENTER VARIATIONS; SITE POSITION; OFFSETS; IMPACT AB Recent studies of the GPS satellite phase center offsets (PCOs) suggest that these have been in error by similar to 1 m. Previous studies had shown that PCO errors are absorbed mainly by parameters representing satellite clock and the radial components of site position. On the basis of the assumption that the radial errors are equal, PCO errors will therefore introduce an error in network scale. However, PCO errors also introduce distortions, or apparent deformations, within the network, primarily in the radial (vertical) component of site position that cannot be corrected via a Helmert transformation. Using numerical simulations to quantify the effects of PCO errors, we found that these PCO errors lead to a vertical network distortion of 6-12 mm per meter of PCO error. The network distortion depends on the minimum elevation angle used in the analysis of the GPS phase observables, becoming larger as the minimum elevation angle increases. The steady evolution of the GPS constellation as new satellites are launched, age, and are decommissioned, leads to the effects of PCO errors varying with time that introduce an apparent global-scale rate change. We demonstrate here that current estimates for PCO errors result in a geographically variable error in the vertical rate at the 1-2 mm yr(-1) level, which will impact high-precision crustal deformation studies. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cardellach, E (reprint author), Inst Estud Espacials Catalunya, Bellaterra, Spain. EM estel@ice.uab.es; pelosegui@ice.csic.es RI Cardellach, Estel/C-9418-2012; Davis, James/D-8766-2013 OI Cardellach, Estel/0000-0001-8908-0972; Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 2007 VL 112 IS B7 AR B07405 DI 10.1029/2006JB004675 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 190BU UT WOS:000248033600004 ER PT J AU Johnson, JR Bell, JF Cloutis, E Staid, M Farrand, WH Mccoy, T Rice, M Wang, A Yen, A AF Johnson, J. R. Bell, J. F., III Cloutis, E. Staid, M. Farrand, W. H. McCoy, T. Rice, M. Wang, A. Yen, A. TI Mineralogic constraints on sulfur-rich soils from Pancam spectra at Gusev crater, Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MIXTURE ANALYSIS; DISCRIMINATION AB [1] The Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Spirit excavated sulfur-rich soils exhibiting high albedo and relatively white to yellow colors at three main locations on and south of Husband Hill in Gusev crater, Mars. The multispectral visible/near-infrared properties of these disturbed soils revealed by the Pancam stereo color camera vary appreciably over small spatial scales, but exhibit spectral features suggestive of ferric sulfates. Spectral mixture models constrain the mineralogy of these soils to include ferric sulfates in various states of hydration, such as ferricopiapite [Fe2/32+Fe43+(SO4)(6)(OH)(2) center dot 20(H2O)], hydronium jarosite [(H3O)Fe-3(3+) (SO4)(2)(OH)(6)], fibroferrite [Fe3+(SO4)(OH) center dot 5(H2O)], rhomboclase [HFe3+(SO4)(2) center dot 4(H2O)], and paracoquimbite [Fe-2(3+) (SO4)(3) center dot 9(H2O)]. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Johnson, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jrjohnson@usgs.gov; jfb8@cornell.edu; e.cloutis@uwinnipeg.ca; staid@psi.edu; farrand@colorado.edu; mccoyt@si.edu; mrice@astro.cornell.edu; alianw@levee.wustl.edu; albert.yen@jpl.nasa.gov RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 13 AR L13202 DI 10.1029/2007GL029894 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 187WP UT WOS:000247880100004 ER PT J AU Petraglia, M Korisettar, R Boivin, N Clarkson, C Ditchfield, P Jones, S Koshy, J Lahr, MM Oppenheimer, C Pyle, D Roberts, R Schwenninger, JL Arnold, L White, K AF Petraglia, Michael Korisettar, Ravi Boivin, Nicole Clarkson, Christopher Ditchfield, Peter Jones, Sacha Koshy, Jinu Lahr, Marta Mirazon Oppenheimer, Clive Pyle, David Roberts, Richard Schwenninger, Jean-Luc Arnold, Lee White, Kevin TI Middle paleolithic assemblages from the Indian subcontinent before and after the Toba super-eruption SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MODERN HUMAN ORIGINS; VOLCANIC WINTER; MODERN HUMANS; 75 KA; ASH; BOTTLENECK; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; SOUTH AB The Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) eruption, which occurred in Indonesia 74,000 years ago, is one of Earth's largest known volcanic events. The effect of the YTT eruption on existing populations of humans, and accordingly on the course of human evolution, is debated. Here we associate the YTT with archaeological assemblages at Jwalapuram, in the Jurreru River valley of southern India. Broad continuity of Middle Paleolithic technology across the YTT event suggests that hominins persisted regionally across this major eruptive event. C1 Univ Cambridge, Leverhulme Ctr Human Evolutionary Studies, Cambridge CB2 1QH, England. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Karnatak Univ, Dept Hist & Archaeol, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India. Univ Queensland, Sch Social Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. Univ Oxford, Archaeol & Hist Art Res Lab, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. Univ Wollongong, GeoQUEST Res Ctr, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Univ Reading, Dept Geog, Reading RG6 6AB, Berks, England. RP Petraglia, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Leverhulme Ctr Human Evolutionary Studies, Cambridge CB2 1QH, England. EM m.petraglia@human-evol.cam.ac.uk RI Roberts, Richard/B-8245-2013; Pyle, David/C-5707-2009; Oppenheimer, Clive/G-9881-2013; OI Roberts, Richard/0000-0002-0128-4119; Pyle, David/0000-0002-2663-9940; Oppenheimer, Clive/0000-0003-4506-7260; Clarkson, Chris/0000-0002-8938-8974; Arnold, Lee/0000-0001-9603-3824 NR 25 TC 135 Z9 139 U1 19 U2 57 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 6 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5834 BP 114 EP 116 DI 10.1126/science.1141564 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 186KD UT WOS:000247776700063 PM 17615356 ER PT J AU Lessios, HA AF Lessios, H. A. TI Admission that intelligent design is a religious view SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Lessios, HA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 5 PY 2007 VL 448 IS 7149 BP 22 EP 22 DI 10.1038/448022b PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 185OS UT WOS:000247720900016 PM 17611520 ER PT J AU Staines, CL AF Staines, C. L. TI A review of the genus Chaeridiona Baly, 1869 (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Cassidinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; Cassidinae; Chaeridiona; new species; key AB The genus Chaeridiona Baly is reviewed. All species, except Ch. pseudometallica Basu 1999, are redescribed and illustrated. Chaeridiona tuberculata Chen & Yu 1964, a homonym of Ch. tuberculata Uhmann 1961, is transferred to Prionispa and renamed Prionispa cheni, nom. novum. Chaeridiona clavata Yu, 1992 is transferred to Prionispa. Chaeridiona cupreovirida Gressitt is removed from synonymy. Chaeridiona angulata, new species, is described from Laos. A key to the species is provided. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Staines, CL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 187, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stainesc@si.edu NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUL 5 PY 2007 IS 1521 BP 19 EP 29 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 186RW UT WOS:000247796800003 ER PT J AU Leonard, JA Vila, C Fox-Dobbs, K Koch, PL Wayne, RK Van Valkenburgh, B AF Leonard, Jennifer A. Vila, Caries Fox-Dobbs, Kena Koch, Paul L. Wayne, Robert K. Van Valkenburgh, Blaire TI Megafaunal extinctions and the disappearance of a specialized wolf ecomorph SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOOTH BREAKAGE; ANCIENT DNA; BROWN BEARS; PLEISTOCENE AB The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is one of the few large predators to survive the Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions [1]. Nevertheless, wolves disappeared from northern North America in the Late Pleistocene, suggesting they were affected by factors that eliminated other species. Using skeletal material collected from Pleistocene permafrost deposits of eastern Beringia, we present a comprehensive analysis of an extinct vertebrate by exploring genetic (mtDNA), morphologic, and isotopic (delta (13)C, delta (15)N) data to reveal the evolutionary relationships, as well as diet and feeding behavior, of ancient wolves. Remarkably, the Late Pleistocene wolves are genetically unique and morphologically distinct. None of the 16 mtDNA haplotypes recovered from a sample of 20 Pleistocene eastern-Beringian wolves was shared with any modern wolf, and instead they appear most closely related to Late Pleistocene wolves of Eurasia. Moreover, skull shape, tooth wear, and isotopic data suggest that eastern-Beringian wolves were specialized hunters and scavengers of extinct megafauna. Thus, a previously unrecognized, uniquely adapted, and genetically distinct wolf ecomorph suffered extinction in the Late Pleistocene, along with other megafauna. Consequently, the survival of the species in North America depended on the presence of more generalized forms elsewhere. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolutionary Biol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Van Valkenburgh, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bvanval@ucla.edu RI Vila, Carles/H-4893-2013; Leonard, Jennifer/A-7894-2010 OI Vila, Carles/0000-0002-4206-5246; Leonard, Jennifer/0000-0003-0291-7819 NR 17 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 9 U2 43 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD JUL 3 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 13 BP 1146 EP 1150 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.072 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 187MO UT WOS:000247852100027 PM 17583509 ER PT J AU Griffes, JL Arvidson, RE Poulet, F Gendrin, A AF Griffes, J. L. Arvidson, R. E. Poulet, F. Gendrin, A. TI Geologic and spectral mapping of etched terrain deposits in northern Meridiani Planum SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; MARS; DIVERSITY; PYROXENE; CAMERA AB [1] A similar to 1 km vertical section of etched terrain and hematite-bearing plains materials and nearby cratered terrain surfaces was mapped in the northern portion of Meridiani Planum using MOC, THEMIS, MOLA, and OMEGA data. The oldest materials are the cratered plains, which have 0.4 to 2.5 mu m spectral reflectance dominated by a mix of low and high calcium pyroxenes. Etched plains materials overlie this unit and are exposed within a 120 km NW-SE trending valley to the south of the cratered plains. Lower etched plains materials exhibit a kieserite signature on a plateau-forming horizon and polyhydrated sulfate signatures on the main valley floor. The upper etched plains unit exhibits signatures consistent with hydrated iron oxides and is covered by what is interpreted to be a relatively thin layer of basaltic sand and hematitic concretions (the hematite-bearing plains unit). The youngest unit consists of ejecta deposits from a cluster of six craters that mantle the eastern portion of the study area. The thick section of etched plains materials (similar to 900 m) with exposures of hydrated sulfates and hydrated iron oxides implies that measurements made by the Opportunity rover (located similar to 390 km to the southwest of the study area) are at the top of an extensive section of layered sedimentary materials formed in and/or altered in an aqueous environment and exposed by aeolian erosion. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Griffes, JL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Independence Ave & 6th St SW, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM griffesj@si.edu NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUL 3 PY 2007 VL 112 IS E8 AR E08S09 DI 10.1029/2006JE002811 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 187XM UT WOS:000247882500001 ER PT J AU Ickert-Bond, SM Pigg, KB Wen, J AF Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M. Pigg, Kathleen B. Wen, Jun TI Comparative infructescence morphology in Altingia (Altingiaceae) and discordance between morphological and molecular phylogenies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Altingia; Altingiaceae; biogeography; infructescence; morphological stasis ID LIQUIDAMBAR ALTINGIACEAE; SEED ANATOMY; HAMAMELIDACEAE; EVOLUTION; DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY AB Altingia (Altingiaceae) is a tropical to subtropical Asian genus of lowland trees for which 5-15 species have been recognized. Morphological diversity, particularly of the mature infructescence, has been poorly known, especially for species with relatively localized and narrow distributions, and our understanding of Altingia has lagged behind that of its close temperate relative Liquidambar (sweet gum). In this contribution, mature infructescence structure, at the levels of anatomy, morphology, and micromorphology, and some distinctive inflorescence features, are described for five recognized species of Altingia, some for the first time. In the phylogenetic framework of both morphology and molecules, characters of Altingia contrast with those of Liquidambar and suggest that character evolution within Altingiaceae is at least partly related to geographic and climatic distribution. Differences in rates of evolution and morphological convergence suggest complex patterns of diversification in Altingiaceae at several different phylogenetic levels: (1) at the deep nodes, characters of the stem lineage fossil Microaltingia persist into crown group Altingiaceae, morphological stasis; (2) at the generic level, convergence within both Liquidambar and Altingia toward their respective habitats; (3) at the infrageneric level, morphological divergence in species diversification within Altingia, in response to diverse habitats of the eastern Asian subtropics; and (4) within the intercontinental disjunct species pair L. orientalis-L. styraciflua, morphological stasis. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, UA Museum N Herbarium, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot & Herbarium, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Ickert-Bond, SM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, UA Museum N Herbarium, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 907 Yukon Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM steffi.ickertbond@uaf.edu RI Ickert-Bond, Stefanie/B-3216-2012 OI Ickert-Bond, Stefanie/0000-0001-8198-8898 NR 65 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1094 EP 1115 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.7.1094 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 215TB UT WOS:000249830800004 PM 21636478 ER PT J AU Shimamura, R Kachi, N Kudoh, H Whigham, DF AF Shimamura, Ryouji Kachi, Naoki Kudoh, Hiroshi Whigham, Dennis F. TI Hydrochory as a determinant of genetic distribution of seeds within Hibiscus mosmeutos (Malvaceae) populations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE flooding; genetic structure; Hibiscus moscheutos; hydrochory; Malvaceae; Maryland; secondary seed dispersal; seed bank ID AESCHYNOMENE-VIRGINICA; MOSCHEUTOS MALVACEAE; TIDAL WETLAND; DISPERSAL; BANK; PLANT; PATTERNS; MARSHES; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY AB Seed dispersal is a major determinant of the spatial genetic structure of plant populations. In this study, we evaluated the role of distinct hydrologic regimes in determining the spatial genetic structure of the seed bank of the wetland plant Hibiscus moscheutos. We analyzed seeds in surface soil samples collected in the autumn and the following spring by determining their allozyme genotypes and estimated the pattern in seed movements during flooding. We selected study sites in nomidal and tidal wetlands with different flooding regimes. One nontidal site had no flooding, while the second nontidal site was inundated for most of the year. One tidal wetland site flooded with almost every tide, and a second tidal site was inundated at moderate frequency. Genetic makeup of the seed bank at the nonflooded site changed little between seasons. Secondary seed dispersal altered absolute allele frequencies at the other three sites, with the greatest change occurring at the two tidally influenced sites. This study demonstrates that secondary hydrochory influences the genetic composition of the seed bank and that hydrologic conditions play an important role in determining the local patterns in seed movements. C1 Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Kudoh, H (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM kudoh@kobe-u.ac.jp NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1137 EP 1145 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.7.1137 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 215TB UT WOS:000249830800007 PM 21636481 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Peterson, PM Columbus, JT Zhao, NX Hao, G Zhang, DX AF Liu, Qing Peterson, Paul M. Columbus, J. Travis Zhao, Nanxian Hao, Gang Zhang, Dianxiang TI Inflorescence diversification in the "finger millet clade" (Chloridoiedeae, Poaceae): A comparison of molecular phylogeny and developmental morphology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Chloridoideae; development; finger millet clade; inflorescence; phylogeny; Poaceae ID LENGTH DIFFERENCE TEST; CHLOROPLAST DNA; INCONGRUENCE; EVOLUTION; MAIZE; ARCHITECTURE; SEQUENCES; REGIONS AB Within the Poaceae, inflorescence diversification. and its bearing on phylogeny and evolution are exceedingly complex. We used phylogenetic information of the "finger millet clade," a group of grasses with digitate inflorescences, to study the inflorescence diversification. This clade appears monophyletic in the morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Three well-supported clades are shown in our cpDNA-derived phylogeny, with clades I and III consisting of species of Chloris and Microchloa, respectively, and clade H including species of Cynodon, Dactyloctenium, and Eleusine. Variation appears at different times throughout development. Changes involving primordium number and arrangement occur very early, changes involving duration of primordium activity occur much later. Characters derived from the comparison of developmental sequences were optimized onto the most parsimonious tree. The developmental characters were congruent with the molecular phylogeny. Two developmental characters may not be homologous in the Chloris subclade and the Cynodon subclade. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Rancho Santa Ana Botan Garden, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. S China Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China. RP Liu, Q (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, S China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Peoples R China. EM liuqing@scib.ac.cn NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 94 IS 7 BP 1230 EP 1247 DI 10.3732/ajb.94.7.1230 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 215TB UT WOS:000249830800015 PM 21636489 ER PT J AU Prochaska, LC Rose, JA Caldwell, N Castilho, BV Concannon, K Harding, P Morrison, H Schiavon, RP AF Prochaska, L. C. Rose, James A. Caldwell, Nelson Castilho, Bruno V. Concannon, Kristi Harding, Paul Morrison, Heather Schiavon, Ricardo P. TI H delta in the integrated light of galaxies: What are we actually measuring? SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : stellar content ID OLD STELLAR POPULATIONS; M31 GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAM; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; ABUNDANCE VARIATIONS; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION; ABSORPTION FEATURES; METAL-ABUNDANCE; FEATURE INDEXES AB We present a cautionary study exploring the reliability of the H delta line in the integrated spectra of galaxies for determining galaxy ages. Our database consists of the observed integrated spectra of similar to 120 early-type galaxies, 7 metal-rich globular clusters in M31 and the Galactic globular cluster 47 Tuc, and the open cluster M67. We have measured H delta using index definitions designed to assess contamination from the CN molecule in and around H delta by choosing combinations of bandpasses that both avoid and include a region of CN molecular lines redward of H delta. We find systematic differences in the ages derived from H delta measurements among the various definitions when extracting ages from H delta in old stellar populations with enhanced CN bands due to nonsolar abundance ratios. We propose that neighboring CN lines have a strong effect on pseudocontinuum and central bandpass levels. For stellar populations that have nonsolar abundance ratios in C and/or N, population synthesis models that do not account for abundance ratio variations cannot accurately reproduce the CN 4216 8 band, which leads to a corresponding inaccuracy in reproducing the various H delta indices. Hence, caution must be used when extracting galaxy ages from the H delta line in old stellar populations with significant nonsolar abundance ratios. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lab Nacl Astrofis, MCT, BR-37500000 Itajuba, Brazil. Kings Coll London, Dept Chem & Phys, Wilkes Barre, PA 18711 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Prochaska, LC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM chaska@physics.unc.edu; jim@physics.unc.edu; caldwell@cfa.harvard.edu; bruno@lna.br; kdconcan@kings.edu; harding@dropbear.case.edu; heather@vegemite.case.edu; ripisc@virginia.edu NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 134 IS 1 BP 321 EP 333 DI 10.1086/516754 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 183RS UT WOS:000247590500030 ER PT J AU Muench, AA Lada, CJ Luhman, KL Muzerolle, J Young, E AF Muench, August A. Lada, Charles J. Luhman, K. L. Muzerolle, James Young, Erick TI A Spitzer census of the IC 348 nebula SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; open clusters and associations : individual (IC 348); stars : pre-main-sequence ID YOUNG CLUSTER IC-348; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; PERSEUS MOLECULAR CLOUD; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA; ALL-SKY SURVEY; LATE M-DWARFS AB Spitzer mid-infrared surveys enable an accurate census of young stellar objects by sampling large spatial scales, revealing very embedded protostars, and detecting low-luminosity objects. Taking advantage of these capabilities, we present a Spitzer-based census of the IC 348 nebula and embedded star cluster, covering a 2.5 pc region and comparable in extent to the Orion Nebula. Our Spitzer census supplemented with ground-based spectra has added 42 Class II T Tauri sources to the cluster membership and identified similar to 20 Class 0/I protostars. The population of IC 348 likely exceeds 400 sources after accounting statistically for unidentified diskless members. Our Spitzer census of IC 348 reveals a population of Class I protostars that is anticorrelated spatially with the Class II / III T Tauri members, which comprise the centrally condensed cluster around a B star. The protostars are instead found mostly at the cluster periphery about similar to 1 pc from the B star and spread out along a filamentary ridge. We further find that the star formation rate in this protostellar ridge is consistent with that rate which built the older exposed cluster, while the presence of 15 cold, starless, millimeter cores intermingled with this protostellar population indicates that the IC 348 nebula has yet to finish forming stars. Moreover, we show that the IC 348 cluster is of order 3 - 5 crossing times old, and, as evidenced by its smooth radial profile and confirmed mass segregation, is likely relaxed. While it seems apparent that the current cluster configuration is the result of dynamical evolution and its primordial structure has been erased, our finding of a filamentary ridge of Class I protostars supports a model in which embedded clusters are built up from numerous smaller subclusters. Finally, the results of our Spitzer census indicate that the supposition that star formation must progress rapidly in a dark cloud should not preclude these observations that show it can be relatively long lived. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. RP Muench, AA (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,Mail Stop 72, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gmuench@cfa.harvard.edu; clada@cfa.harvard.edu; kluhman@astro.psu.edu; jamesm@as.arizona.edu; eyoung@as.arizona.edu OI Muench, August/0000-0003-0666-6367 NR 92 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 134 IS 1 BP 411 EP 444 DI 10.1086/518560 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 183RS UT WOS:000247590500038 ER PT J AU Crapsi, A Caselli, P Walmsley, MC Tafalla, M AF Crapsi, A. Caselli, P. Walmsley, M. C. Tafalla, M. TI Observing the gas temperature drop in the high-density nucleus of L 1544 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : evolution; ISM : individual objects : L1544; ISM : molecules; stars : formation; techniques : interferometric ID ISOLATED STAR-FORMATION; PRE-STELLAR CORES; MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES; PROTOSTELLAR CORES; INITIAL CONDITIONS; PRESTELLAR CORES; INTERSTELLAR AMMONIA; DEUTERATED AMMONIA; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; L1544 AB Context. The thermal structure of a starless core is crucial for our understanding of the physics in these objects and hence for our understanding of star formation. Theory predicts a gas temperature drop in the inner similar to 5000 AU of the pre-stellar core L 1544, but there has been no observational proof of this. Aims. We performed VLA observations of the NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) transitions towards L 1544 in order to measure the temperature gradient between the high density core nucleus and the surrounding core envelope. Our VLA observation for the first time provide measurements of gas temperature in a core with a resolution smaller than 1000 AU. We have also obtained high resolution Plateau de Bure observations of the 110 GHz 1(11) - 1(01) para-NH2D line in order to further constrain the physical parameters of the high density nucleus. Methods. We combine our interferometric NH3 and NH2D observations with available single dish measurements in order to estimate the effects of flux loss from extended components upon our data. We have estimated the temperature gradient using a model of the source to fit our data in the u, v plane. As the NH3 (1, 1) line is extremely optically thick, this also involved fitting a gradient in the NH3 abundance. In this way, we also measure the [NH2D]/[NH3] abundance ratio in the inner nucleus. Results. We find that indeed the temperature decreases toward the core nucleus from 12 K down to 5.5 K resulting in an increase of a factor of 50% in the estimated density of the core from the dust continuum if compared with the estimates done with constant temperature of 8.75 K. Current models of the thermal equilibrium can describe consistently the observed temperature and density in this object, simultaneously fitting our temperature profile and the continuum emission. We also found a remarkably high abundance of deuterated ammonia with respect to the ammonia abundance (50% +/- 20%), which proves the persistence of nitrogen bearing molecules at very high densities (2 x 10(6) cm(-3)) and shows that high-resolution observations yield higher deuteration values than single-dish observations. The NH2D observed transition, free of the optical depth problems that affect the NH3 lines in the core center, is a much better probe of the high-density nucleus and, in fact, its map peak at the dust continuum peak. Our analysis of the NH3 and NH2D kinematic fields shows a decrease of specific angular momentum from the large scales to the small scales. C1 Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Astron Observ, IGN, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. RP Crapsi, A (reprint author), Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM crapsi@arcetri.astro.it NR 39 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 470 IS 1 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077613 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189GM UT WOS:000247977400023 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Sridharan, TK Hunter, TR Chen, Y Beuther, H Wyrowski, F AF Zhang, Q. Sridharan, T. K. Hunter, T. R. Chen, Y. Beuther, H. Wyrowski, F. TI A jet-like outflow toward the high-mass (proto) stellar object IRAS 18566+0408 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : HII regions; ISM : clouds; masers; ISM : jets and outflows; stars : formation ID BIPOLAR MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; HCN HYPERFINE ANOMALIES; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; IRAS SOURCES; CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; DUST CONTINUUM; ACCRETION DISK; STAR-FORMATION; DARK CLOUDS AB Context. Studies of high-mass protostellar objects reveal important information regarding the formation process of massive stars. Aims. We study the physical conditions in the dense core and molecular outflow associated with the high- mass protostellar candidate IRAS 18566+ 0408 at high angular resolution. Methods. We performed interferometric observations in the NH(3) (J, K) = ( 1, 1), ( 2, 2) and ( 3,3) inversion transitions, the SiO J = 2-1 and HCN J = 1 - 0 lines, and the 43 and 87 GHz continuum emission using the VLA and OVRO. Results. The 87 GHz continuum emission reveals two continuum peaks MM- 1 and MM- 2 along a molecular ridge. The dominant peak MM- 1 coincides with a compact emission feature at 43 GHz, and arises mostly from the dust emission. For dust emissivity index beta of 1.3, the masses in the dust peaks amount to 70 M(circle dot) for MM-1, and 27 M(circle dot) for MM-2. Assuming internal heating, the central luminosities of MM-1 and MM-2 are 6 x 10(4) and 8 x 10(3) L(circle dot), respectively. The SiO emission reveals a well collimated outflow emanating from MM-1. The jet-like outflow is also detected in NH(3) at velocities similar to the SiO emission. The outflow, with a mass of 27 M circle dot, causes significant heating in the gas to temperatures of 70 K, much higher than the temperature of <= 15 K in the extended core. Compact (< 3 '') and narrow line (< 1.5 km s(-1)) NH(3) (3,3) emission features are found associated with the outflow. They likely arise from weak population inversion in NH3 similar to the maser emission. Toward MM-1, there is a compact NH(3) structure with a linewidth that increases from 5.5 km s(-1) FWHM measured at 3 '' resolution to 8.7 km s(-1) measured at 1 '' resolution. This linewidth is much larger than the FWHM of < 2 km s(-1) in the entire core, and does not appear to originate from the outflow. This large linewidth may arise from rotation/ infall, or relative motions of unresolved protostellar cores. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM qzhang@cfa.harvard.edu OI Hunter, Todd/0000-0001-6492-0090; Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 53 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 470 IS 1 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077094 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189GM UT WOS:000247977400028 ER PT J AU Isella, A Testi, L Natta, A Neri, R Wilner, D Qi, C AF Isella, A. Testi, L. Natta, A. Neri, R. Wilner, D. Qi, C. TI Millimeter imaging of HD 163296: probing the disk structure and kinematics SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion disks; techniques : interferometric; stars : planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : circumstellar matter ID T-TAURI STARS; HERBIG-AE STARS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; KEPLERIAN DISK; LINE EMISSION; DUST; OBJECTS AB We present new multi-wavelength millimeter interferometric observations of the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 obtained with the IRAM/PBI, SMA and VLA arrays both in continuum and in the (CO)-C-12, (CO)-C-13 and (CO)-O-18 emission lines. Gas and dust properties have been obtained comparing the observations with self-consistent disk models for the dust and CO emission. The circumstellar disk is resolved both in the continuum and in CO. We find strong evidence that the circumstellar material is in Keplerian rotation around a central star of 2.6 M-circle dot. The disk inclination with respect to the line of sight is 46 degrees +/- 4 degrees with a position angle of 128 degrees +/- 4 degrees. The slope of the dust opacity measured between 0.87 and 7 mm (beta = 1) confirms the presence of mm/cm-size grains in the disk midplane. The dust continuum emission is asymmetric and confined inside a radius of 200 AU while the CO emission extends up to 540 AU. The comparison between dust and CO temperature indicates that CO is present only in the disk interior. Finally, we obtain an increasing depletion of CO isotopomers from 12CO to 13CO and C18O. We argue that these results support the idea that the disk of HD 163296 is strongly evolved. In particular, we suggest that there is a strong depletion of dust relative to gas outside 200 AU; this may be due to the inward migration of large bodies that form in the outer disk or to clearing of a large gap in the dust distribution by a low mass companion. C1 Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Isella, A (reprint author), Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM isella@arcetri.astro.it NR 47 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 469 IS 1 BP 213 EP U85 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077385 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178ZY UT WOS:000247260300026 ER PT J AU Bohringer, H Schuecker, P Pratt, GW Arnaud, M Ponman, TJ Croston, JH Borgani, S Bower, RG Briel, UG Collins, CA Donahue, M Forman, WR Finoguenov, A Geller, MJ Guzzo, L Henry, JP Kneissl, R Mohr, JJ Matsushita, K Mullis, CR Ohashi, T Pedersen, K Pierini, D Quintana, H Raychaudhury, S Reiprich, TH Romer, AK Rosati, P Sabirli, K Temple, RF Viana, PTP Vikhlinin, A Voit, GM Zhang, YY AF Boehringer, H. Schuecker, P. Pratt, G. W. Arnaud, M. Ponman, T. J. Croston, J. H. Borgani, S. Bower, R. G. Briel, U. G. Collins, C. A. Donahue, M. Forman, W. R. Finoguenov, A. Geller, M. J. Guzzo, L. Henry, J. P. Kneissl, R. Mohr, J. J. Matsushita, K. Mullis, C. R. Ohashi, T. Pedersen, K. Pierini, D. Quintana, H. Raychaudhury, S. Reiprich, T. H. Romer, A. K. Rosati, P. Sabirli, K. Temple, R. F. Viana, P. T. P. Vikhlinin, A. Voit, G. M. Zhang, Y.-Y. TI The representative XMM-Newton cluster structure survey (REXCESS) of an X-ray luminosity selected galaxy cluster sample SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays : galaxies : clusters; galaxies : clusters : general; cosmology : observations ID SURFACE-BRIGHTNESS PROFILES; MASS-TEMPERATURE RELATION; COSMIC MATTER DENSITY; DARK ENERGY; POWER SPECTRUM; CHANDRA SAMPLE; RICH CLUSTERS; IA SUPERNOVAE; T RELATION; ROSAT AB Context. The largest uncertainty for cosmological studies using clusters of galaxies is introduced by our limited knowledge of the statistics of galaxy cluster structure, and of the scaling relations between observables and cluster mass. Aims. To improve on this situation we have started an XMM-Newton Large Programme for the in-depth study of a representative sample of 33 galaxy clusters, selected in the redshift range z = 0.055 to 0.183 from the REFLEX Cluster Survey, having X-ray luminosities above 0.4 x 10(44) h(70)(-2) erg s(-1) in the 0.1-2.4 keV band. This paper introduces the sample, compiles properties of the clusters, and provides detailed information on the sample selection function. Methods. We describe the selection of a nearby galaxy cluster sample that makes optimal use of the XMM-Newton field-of-view, and provides nearly homogeneous X-ray luminosity coverage for the full range from poor clusters to the most massive objects in the Universe. Results. For the clusters in the sample, X-ray fluxes are derived and compared to the previously obtained fluxes from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. We find that the fluxes and the flux errors have been reliably determined in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey analysis used for the REFLEX Survey. We use the sample selection function documented in detail in this paper to determine the X-ray luminosity function, and compare it with the luminosity function of the entire REFLEX sample. We also discuss morphological peculiarities of some of the sample members. Conclusions. The sample and some of the background data given in this introductory paper will be important for the application of these data in the detailed studies of cluster structure, to appear in forthcoming publications. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Astron, I-34133 Trieste, Italy. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Liverpool L3 5UX, Merseyside, England. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osservatorio Astron Brera Merate, INAF, I-23807 Merate, Italy. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Bonn, AIfA, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15217 USA. Univ Porto, Dept Matemat Aplicada, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. RP Bohringer, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM hxb@mpe.mpg.de RI Donahue, Megan/B-5361-2012; OI Viana, Pedro/0000-0003-1572-8531; Borgani, Stefano/0000-0001-6151-6439; Voit, Gerard/0000-0002-3514-0383 NR 72 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 469 IS 1 BP 363 EP 377 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066740 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178ZY UT WOS:000247260300041 ER PT J AU Forbrich, J Massi, M Ros, E Brunthaler, A Menten, KM AF Forbrich, J. Massi, M. Ros, E. Brunthaler, A. Menten, K. M. TI Searching for coronal radio emission from protostars using very-long-baseline interferometry SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : pre-main sequence; stars : coronae; stars : magnetic fields; radio continuum : stars; stars : individual : YLW 15 ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; X-RAY-EMISSION; LARGE ARRAY OBSERVATIONS; HERBIG AE/BE STARS; T-TAURI SOUTH; HL TAURI; BINARY-SYSTEM; PROTOSTELLAR JET; RHO-OPHIUCHI; VLBI OBSERVATIONS AB Aims. In order to directly study the role of magnetic fields in the immediate vicinity of protostars, we use Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry ( VLBI), aiming at the detection of non-thermal centimetric radio emission. This is technically the only possibility to study coronal emission at sub-AU resolution. Methods. We performed VLBI observations of the four nearby protostars HL Tau, LDN 1551 IRS5, EC 95, and YLW 15 in order to look for compact non-thermal centimetric radio emission. For maximum sensitivity, we used the High Sensitivity Array ( HSA) where possible, involving the Very Long Baseline Array ( VLBA), the phased Very Large Array ( VLA), as well as the Arecibo, Green Bank, and Effelsberg radio telescopes. Results. While all four protostars were detected in VLA-only data, only one source ( YLW15VLA2) was detected in the VLBI data. The possibility of non-detections due to free-free absorption, possibly depending on source geometry, is considered. C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Forbrich, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jforbrich@cfa.harvard.edu OI Ros, Eduardo/0000-0001-9503-4892 NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 469 IS 3 BP 985 EP 992 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077113 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 185WD UT WOS:000247740200018 ER PT J AU Li, YX Haiman, Z Mac Low, MM AF Li, Yuexing Haiman, Zoltan Mac Low, Mordecai-Mark TI Correlations between central massive objects and their host galaxies: From bulgeless spirals to ellipticals SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : star clusters; stars : formation ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; BH-SIGMA RELATION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; SPACE-TELESCOPE CENSUS; ISOLATED DISK GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; VIRGO CLUSTER SURVEY; GLOBAL SCHMIDT LAW AB Recent observations reveal that a majority of galaxies contain a central massive object ( CMO), either a super-massive black hole ( SMBH) or a compact stellar nucleus, regardless of the galaxy mass or morphological type. The masses of these CMOs correlate tightly with those of the host galaxies, M-CMO approximate to 0: 002M(gal). Several recent studies argue that feedback from black holes can successfully explain the M-BH-sigma correlation in massive elliptical galaxies that contain SMBHs. However, puzzles remain in spirals or dwarf spheroids that do not appear to have black holes but instead harbor a compact central stellar cluster. Here we use three- dimensional, smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of both isolated and merging galaxies to study the formation and evolution of CMOs in bulgeless disk galaxies, and the transition of the CMO- host relations from late- type bulgeless spirals to early- type ellipticals. Our simulations show that the mass of the CMO correlates with that of the host galaxy in both isolated bulgeless spirals and in ellipticals formed through mergers, and that MCMO correlates with the global star formation efficiency in the galaxy. We find that the final mass of the CMO is dominated by the accreted mass, rather than the initial fragment mass, and that both the final accretedCMOmass and the recently formed stellar mass increase monotonically with the total mass of the galaxy. Our results suggest that the observed correlations may be established primarily by the depletion of gas in the central region by accretion and star formation, and may hold for all galaxy types. A systematic search for CMOs in the nuclei of bulgeless disk galaxies would offer a test of this conclusion. C1 Harvard Univ, Inst Theory & Computat, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Li, YX (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Inst Theory & Computat, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM yxli@cfa.harvard.edu; zoltan@astro.columbia.edu; mordecai@amnh.org OI Mac Low, Mordecai-Mark/0000-0003-0064-4060 NR 112 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1086/518398 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182ZO UT WOS:000247542700006 ER PT J AU Gaetz, TJ Blair, WP Hughes, JP Winkler, PF Long, KS Pannuti, TG Williams, B Edgar, RJ Ghavamian, P Plucinsky, PP Sasaki, M Kirshner, RP Avillez, M Breitschwerdt, D AF Gaetz, Terrance J. Blair, William P. Hughes, John P. Winkler, P. Frank Long, Knox S. Pannuti, Thomas G. Williams, Benjamin Edgar, Richard J. Ghavamian, Parviz Plucinsky, Paul P. Sasaki, Manami Kirshner, Robert P. Avillez, Miguel Breitschwerdt, Dieter TI Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChASeM33): X-ray imaging spectroscopy of M33SNR 21, the brightest X-ray supernova remnant in M33 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M33); shock waves; supernova remnants ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; XMM-NEWTON SURVEY; GIANT HII-REGIONS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; NOVA REMNANTS; H-I; EMISSION; ABUNDANCES; PHOTOMETRY; EVOLUTION AB We present and interpret new X-ray data for M33SNR 21, the brightest X-ray supernova remnant (SNR) in M33. The SNR is in seen projection against ( and appears to be interacting with) the bright H II region NGC 592. Data for this source were obtained as part of the Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 ( ChASeM33) Very Large Project. The nearly on-axis Chandra data resolve the SNR into a similar to 5 '' diameter (20 pc at our assumed M33 distance of 817 +/- 58 kpc) slightly elliptical shell. The shell is brighter in the east, which suggests that it is encountering higher density material in that direction. The optical emission is coextensive with the X-ray shell in the north, but extends well beyond the X-ray rim in the southwest. Modeling the X-ray spectrum with an absorbed sedov model yields a shock temperature of 0.46(-0.02)(+0.01) with an ionization timescale of n(e)t = 2.1(-0.3)(+0.2) cm(-3) s and half-solar abundances (0. 45- (+0.12)(0.09)). Assuming Sedov dynamics gives an average preshock H density of 1.7 +/- 0.3 cm(-3). The dynamical age estimate is 6500 +/- 600 yr, while the best-fit net value and derived ne gives 8200 +/- 1700 yr; the weighted mean of the age estimates is 6700 +/- 600 yr. We estimate an X-ray luminosity (0.25-4.5 keV) of (1. 2 +/- 0.2); 10(37) ergs s(-1) ( absorbed), and (1.7 +/- 0.3) x 10(37) ergs s(-1) ( unabsorbed), in good agreement with the recent XMM- Newton determination. No significant excess hard emission was detected; the luminosity less than or similar to 1.2 x 10(35) ergs s(-1) (2-8 keV) for any hard point source. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Middlebury Coll, Dept Phys, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Morehead State Univ, Ctr Space Sci, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. Univ Evora, Dept Math, P-7000 Evora, Portugal. RP Gaetz, TJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Sasaki, Manami/P-3045-2016 OI Sasaki, Manami/0000-0001-5302-1866 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 1 BP 234 EP 243 DI 10.1086/518397 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182ZO UT WOS:000247542700018 ER PT J AU Brown, JC Haverkorn, M Gaensler, BM Taylor, AR Bizunok, NS McClure-Griffiths, NM Dickey, JM Green, AJ AF Brown, J. C. Haverkorn, M. Gaensler, B. M. Taylor, A. R. Bizunok, N. S. McClure-Griffiths, N. M. Dickey, J. M. Green, A. J. TI Rotation measures of extragalactic sources behind the southern Galactic plane: New insights into the large-scale magnetic field of the inner Milky Way SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxy : structure; ISM : magnetic fields; polarization ID PULSAR ROTATION; FARADAY-ROTATION; OUTER GALAXY; POLARIZATION; REVERSALS AB We present new Faraday rotation measures ( RMs) for 148 extragalactic radio sources behind the southern Galactic plane ( 253 degrees <= l <= 356 degrees, vertical bar b vertical bar <= 1.5 degrees), and use these data in combination with published data to probe the large-scale structure of the Milky Way's magnetic field. We show that the magnitudes of these RMs oscillate with longitude in a manner that correlates with the locations of the Galactic spiral arms. The observed pattern in RMs requires the presence of at least one large-scale magnetic reversal in the fourth Galactic quadrant, located between the Sagittarius-Carina and Scutum-Crux spiral arms. To quantitatively compare our measurements to other recent studies, we consider all available extragalactic and pulsar RMs in the region we have surveyed, and jointly fit these data to simple models in which the large- scale field follows the spiral arms. In the best-fitting model, the magnetic field in the fourth Galactic quadrant is directed clockwise in the Sagittarius-Carina spiral arm ( as viewed from the north Galactic pole), but is oriented counterclockwise in the Scutum-Crux arm. This contrasts with recent analyses of pulsar RMs alone, in which the fourth-quadrant field was presumed to be directed counterclockwise in the Sagittarius-Carina arm. Also in contrast to recent pulsar RM studies, our joint modeling of pulsar and extragalactic RMs demonstrates that large numbers of large- scale magnetic field reversals are not required to account for observations. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 01238 USA. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Dept Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Brown, JC (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM jocat@ras.ucalgary.ca; marijke@astro.berkeley.edu; bgaensler@usyd.edu.au; russ@ras.ucalgary.ca; nbizunok@cfa.harvard.edu; naomi.mcclure-griffiths@csiro.au; john.dickey@utas.edu.au; agreen@physics.usyd.edu.au RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Dickey, John/C-6156-2013; OI McClure-Griffiths, Naomi/0000-0003-2730-957X; Dickey, John/0000-0002-6300-7459; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 36 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 1 BP 258 EP 266 DI 10.1086/518499 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182ZO UT WOS:000247542700021 ER PT J AU Pascucci, I Hollenbach, D Najita, J Muzerolle, J Gorti, U Herczeg, GJ Hillenbrand, LA Kim, JS Carpenter, JM Meyer, MR Mamajek, EE Bouwman, J AF Pascucci, I. Hollenbach, D. Najita, J. Muzerolle, J. Gorti, U. Herczeg, G. J. Hillenbrand, L. A. Kim, J. S. Carpenter, J. M. Meyer, M. R. Mamajek, E. E. Bouwman, J. TI Detection of [Ne II] emission from young circumstellar disks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; line : identification; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : individual (HD 143006; PDS 66; [PZ99] J161411.0-230536; RX J1111.7-7620; RX J1842.9-3532; RX J1852.3-3700) ID T-TAURI STARS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SCORPIUS OB ASSOCIATION; SUN-LIKE STARS; X-RAY; PLANETARY-SYSTEMS; LINEAR-REGRESSION; ACCRETION RATES; FORMING REGION AB We report the detection of [Ne II] emission at 12.81 mu m in four out of the six optically thick dust disks observed as part of the FEPS Spitzer Legacy program. In addition, we detect a H I (7-6) emission line at 12.37 mu m from the source RX J1852.3 - 3700. Detections of [Ne II] lines are favored by low mid-infrared excess emission. Both stellar X-rays and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photons can sufficiently ionize the disk surface to reproduce the observed line fluxes, suggesting that emission from Ne+ originates in the hot disk atmosphere. On the other hand, the H I (7-6) line is not associated with the gas in the disk surface, and magnetospheric accretion flows can account for at most similar to 30% of the observed flux. We conclude that accretion shock regions and/or the stellar corona could contribute to most of the H I (7-6) emission. Finally, we discuss the observations necessary to identify whether stellar X-rays or EUV photons are the dominant ionization mechanismfor Ne atoms. Because the observed [Ne II] emission probes very small amounts of gas in the disk surface (similar to 10(-6) M-J) we suggest using this gas line to determine the presence or absence of gas in more evolved circumstellar disks. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Pascucci, I (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Herczeg, Gregory/0000-0002-7154-6065 NR 57 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 1 BP 383 EP 393 DI 10.1086/518535 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182ZO UT WOS:000247542700030 ER PT J AU Gelfand, JD Gaensler, BM Slane, PO Patnaude, DJ Hughes, JP Camilo, F AF Gelfand, Joseph D. Gaensler, B. M. Slane, Patrick O. Patnaude, Daniel J. Hughes, John P. Camilo, Fernando TI The radio emission, X-ray emission, and hydrodynamics of G328.4+0.2: A comprehensive analysis of a luminous pulsar wind nebula, its neutron star, and the progenitor supernova explosion SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : general; radio continuum : ISM; stars : neutron; supernova remnants; X-rays : general ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; REMNANT G21.5-0.9; EVOLUTION; DISCOVERY; CONSTRAINTS; G11.2-0.3; ROTATION; MODEL; 3C-58 AB We present new observational and modeling results obtained for the Galactic nonthermal radio source G328.4+0.2. Using X-ray data obtained by XMM-Newton, we confirm that its X-ray emission is heavily absorbed, has a spectrum best fitted by a power-law model of photon index Gamma = 2 with no evidence for a thermal component, comes from a region significantly smaller than the radio emission, and that the X-ray and radio emissions are significantly offset from each other. We also present the results of a new high-resolution (7") 1.4 GHz image of G328.4+0.2 obtained using ATCA and a deep search for radio pulsations using the Parkes radio telescope. By comparing this 1.4 GHz image with a similar resolution image at 4.8 GHz, we find that the radio emission has a flat spectrum (alpha approximate to 0; S-v alpha v(alpha)). Additionally, we are able to limit the pseudoluminosity of any pulsar to L-1400 equivalent to S(1400)400d(2) less than or similar to 30 mJy kpc(2) for the central radio pulsar, assuming a distance of 17 kpc. In light of these observational results, we test whether G328.4+0.2 is a pulsar wind nebula or an SNR that contains a large pulsar wind nebula using a simple hydrodynamic model for the evolution of a pulsar wind nebula inside an SNR. As a result of this analysis, we conclude that G328.4+0.2 is a young (less than or similar to 10,000 years old) pulsar wind nebula formed by a low magnetic field (less than or similar to 10(12) G) neutron star born spinning rapidly (less than or similar to 10 ms) expanding into an undetected SNR formed by an energetic (greater than or similar to 10(51) ergs), low ejecta mass (M-ej less than or similar to 5 M-circle dot) supernova explosion that occurred in a low-density (n similar to 0.03 cm(-3)) environment. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Gelfand, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jgelfand@cfa.harvard.edu; bgaensler@usyd.edu.au; pslane@cfa.harvard.edu; patnaude@head.cfa.harvard.edu RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Gelfand, Joseph/F-1110-2015; OI Gelfand, Joseph/0000-0003-4679-1058; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 1 BP 468 EP 486 DI 10.1086/518498 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182ZO UT WOS:000247542700039 ER PT J AU Beatty, TG Fernandez, JM Latham, DW Bakos, GA Kovacs, G Noyes, RW Stefanik, RP Torres, G Everett, ME Hergenrother, CW AF Beatty, Thomas G. Fernandez, Jose M. Latham, David W. Bakos, Gaspar A. Kovacs, Geza Noyes, Robert W. Stefanik, Robert P. Torres, Guillermo Everett, Mark E. Hergenrother, Carl W. TI The mass and radius of the unseen m dwarf companion in the single-lined eclipsing binary HAT-TR-205-013 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; binaries : spectroscopic; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs; stars : rotation ID PLANETARY TRANSIT CANDIDATES; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; HYDROGEN-BURNING LIMIT; DOPPLER FOLLOW-UP; ABSOLUTE DIMENSIONS; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; TIDAL EVOLUTION; MAIN-SEQUENCE; CM DRACONIS; STARS AB We derive masses and radii for both components in the single-lined eclipsing binary HAT-TR-205-013, which consists of an F7V primary and a late M dwarf secondary. The system's period is short, P = 2230736 +/- 0: 000010 days, with an orbit indistinguishable from circular, e = 0.012 +/- 0: 021. We demonstrate generally that the surface gravity of the secondary star in a single-lined binary undergoing total eclipses can be derived from characteristics of the light curve and spectroscopic orbit. This constrains the secondary to a unique line in the mass-radius diagram, with M/R-2 = constant. For HAT-TR-205-013, we assume the orbit has been tidally circularized and that the primary's rotation has been synchronized and aligned with the orbital axis. Our observed line broadening, V-rot sin i(rot) 28.9 +/- 1.0 km s(-1), gives a primary radius of R-A 1.28 +/- 0.04 R-circle dot. Our light-curve analysis leads to the radius of the secondary, R-B = 0.167 +/- 0.006 R-circle dot, and the semimajor axis of the orbit, a = 7.54 +/- 0.30 R-circle dot = 0.0351 +/- 0. 0014 AU. Our single-lined spectroscopic orbit and the semimajor axis then yield the individual masses M-B = 0.124 +/- 0.010 M-circle dot and M-A = 1.04 +/- 0.13 M-circle dot. Our result for HAT-TR-205-013 B lies above the theoretical mass-radius models from the Lyon group, consistent with results from double-lined eclipsing binaries. The method we describe offers the opportunity to study the very low end of the stellar mass- radius relation. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago 22, Chile. Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Beatty, TG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 44 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 1 BP 573 EP 582 DI 10.1086/518413 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182ZO UT WOS:000247542700048 ER PT J AU Judge, PG Saar, SH AF Judge, Philip G. Saar, Steven H. TI The outer solar atmosphere during the Maunder minimum: A stellar perspective SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; stars : chromospheres; stars : coronae; stars : individual (the Sun) ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; CA-II H; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; COOL STARS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ALPHA-CENTAURI; LARGE-SCALE; X-RAYS; EMISSION; SUN AB By comparing solar data with data of "flat activity'' stars at UV and soft X-ray wavelengths, we estimate solar chromospheric, transition region, and coronal emission as it might have existed during the Maunder minimum (1645 - 1715), the most recent of several episodes of persistently weak sunspot activity. Several flat activity stars from the Mount Wilson S-index survey have been observed with the Hubble Space Telescope and ROSAT. Drawing on published data, we reassess the criteria by which a star may be considered as a Maunder minimum candidate. Of our targets, HD 10700 and HD 143761 are the most likely such candidates. Solar UV spectra from the SOHO and UARS spacecraft, and soft X-ray data from the SNOE spacecraft are compared with the stellar UV and X- ray data. The comparison suggests that the radiative output of the Maunder minimum chromosphere, transition region, and corona were similar to ( or at least not much less than) those observed under conditions close to current solar minima. In turn, this suggests that the emitting structures ( which on the Sun at sunspot minimum are small scale, << R-circle dot), including the magnetic network, were also similar. These results have implications for the nature of the surface magnetic fields and irradiance during the Maunder and other magnetic minima, and for the solar dynamo. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Judge, PG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Pob 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NR 60 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 1 BP 643 EP 656 DI 10.1086/513004 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182ZO UT WOS:000247542700054 ER PT J AU Stern, D Kirkpatrick, JD Allen, LE Bian, C Blain, A Brand, K Brodwin, M Brown, MJI Cool, R Desai, V Dey, A Eisenhardt, P Gonzalez, A Jannuzi, BT Menendez-Delmestre, K Smith, HA Soifer, BT Tiede, GP Wright, E AF Stern, Daniel Kirkpatrick, J. Davy Allen, Lori E. Bian, Chao Blain, Andrew Brand, Kate Brodwin, Mark Brown, Michael J. I. Cool, Richard Desai, Vandana Dey, Arjun Eisenhardt, Peter Gonzalez, Anthony Jannuzi, Buell T. Menendez-Delmestre, Karin Smith, Howard A. Soifer, B. T. Tiede, Glenn P. Wright, E. TI Mid-infrared selection of brown dwarfs and high-redshift quasars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; quasars : individual (IRAC J142738.5+331242); stars : individual (IRAC J142950.8+333011); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; surveys ID WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; IRAC SHALLOW SURVEY; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; SPECTRAL TYPE-L; T-DWARFS; RADIO-LOUD; SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AB We discuss color selection of rare objects in a wide-field multiband survey spanning from the optical to the mid-infrared. Simple color criteria simultaneously identify and distinguish two of the most sought after astrophysical sources: the coolest brown dwarfs and the most distant quasars. We present spectroscopically confirmed examples of each class identified in the IRAC Shallow Survey of the Bootes field of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey. IRAC J142950.8 + 333011 is a T4.5 brown dwarf at a distance of approximately 30-40 pc, and IRAC J142738.5 + 331242 is a radio-loud quasar at redshift z = 6.12. Our selection criteria identify a total of four candidates over 8 deg(2) of the Boo r tes field. The other two candidates are both confirmed 5.5 < z < 6 quasars, previously reported by Cool et al. (2006). We discuss the implications of these discoveries and conclude that there are excellent prospects for extending such searches to cooler brown dwarfs and higher redshift quasars. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Stern, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM stern@zwolfkinder.jpl.nasa.gov RI Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015 OI Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137 NR 59 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 1 BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1086/516833 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182ZO UT WOS:000247542700056 ER PT J AU Evans, A Woodward, CE Helton, LA Gehrz, RD Lynch, DK Rudy, RJ Russell, RW Kerr, T Bode, MF Darnley, MJ Eyres, SPS Geballe, TR O'Brien, TJ Davis, RJ Starrfield, S Ness, JU Drake, J Osborne, JP Page, KL Schwarz, G Krautter, J AF Evans, A. Woodward, C. E. Helton, L. A. Gehrz, R. D. Lynch, D. K. Rudy, R. J. Russell, R. W. Kerr, T. Bode, M. F. Darnley, M. J. Eyres, S. P. S. Geballe, T. R. O'Brien, T. J. Davis, R. J. Starrfield, S. Ness, J.-U. Drake, J. Osborne, J. P. Page, K. L. Schwarz, G. Krautter, J. TI Spitzer and ground-based infrared observations of the 2006 eruption of RS ophiuchi SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; binaries : symbiotic; infrared : stars novae; cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (RS Ophiuchi) ID ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; EFFECTIVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; IRON PROJECT; ATOMIC DATA; SYMBIOTIC STARS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; RECURRENT NOVAE; SHOCK-WAVE; OUTBURST; IONS AB We present Spitzer Space Telescope and complementary ground-based infrared observations of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi, obtained over the period 64 - 111 days after the 2006 eruption. The Spitzer IRS data show a rich emission- line spectrum superimposed on a free- free continuum. The presence of fine- structure and coronal infrared lines lead us to deduce that there are at least two temperatures (1.5 x 10(5) and 9 x 10(5) K) in the ejecta/wind environment and that the electron density in the "cooler" region is 2.2 x 10(5) cm(-3). The determination of elemental abundances is not straightforward, but on the assumption that the Ne and O fine- structure lines arise in the same volume of the ejecta, the O/Ne ratio is greater than or similar to 0.6 by number. C1 Univ Keele, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Evans, A (reprint author), Univ Keele, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. EM ae@astro.keele.ac.uk; chelsea@astro.umn.edu; ahelton@astro.umn.edu; gehrz@astro.umn.edu; david.k.lynch@aero.org; richard.j.rudy@aero.org; ray.russell@aero.org; t.kerr@jach.hawaii.edu; mfb@astro.livjm.ac.uk; mjd@astro.livjm.ac.uk; spseyres@uclan.ac.uk; tgeballe@gemini.edu; tob@jb.man.ac.uk; rjd@jb.man.ac.uk; summer.starrfield@asu.edu; ness@susie.la.asu.edu; jdrake@cfa.harvard.edu; julo@star.le.ac.uk; kpa@star.le.ac.uk; gschwarz@as.arizona.edu; j.krautter@lsw.uni-heidelberg.de NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 1 BP L29 EP L32 DI 10.1086/519924 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182YH UT WOS:000247539400008 ER PT J AU O'Donovan, FT Charbonneau, D Bakos, GA Mandushev, G Dunham, EW Brown, TM Latham, DW Torres, G Sozzetti, A Kovacs, G Everett, ME Baliber, N Hidas, MG Esquerdo, GA Rabus, M Deeg, HJ Belmonte, JA Hillenbrand, LA Stefanik, RP AF O'Donovan, Francis T. Charbonneau, David Bakos, Gaspar A. Mandushev, Georgi Dunham, Edward W. Brown, Timothy M. Latham, David W. Torres, Guillermo Sozzetti, Alessandro Kovacs, Geza Everett, Mark E. Baliber, Nairn Hidas, Marton G. Esquerdo, Gilbert A. Rabus, Markus Deeg, Hans J. Belmonte, Juan A. Hillenbrand, Lynne A. Stefanik, Robert P. TI TrES-3: A nearby, massive, transiting hot Jupiter in a 31 hour orbit SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (GSC 03089-00929); techniques : photometric; techniques : radial velocities ID STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS; EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; LIGHT-CURVE PROJECT; LIMB-DARKENING LAW; GIANT PLANETS; SURFACE GRAVITIES; SEARCH; FIELD; STAR; CANDIDATES AB We describe the discovery of a massive transiting hot Jupiter with a very short orbital period ( 1.30619 days), which we name TrES-3. From spectroscopy of the host star GSC 03089 - 00929, we measure T-eff 5720 +/- 150 K, log g = 4.6 +/- 0.3, and v sin i < 2 km s(-1) and derive a stellar mass of 0.90 +/- 0.15 M-circle dot. We estimate planetary mass of, based on the sinusoidal variation of our high- precision radial velocity 1.92 +/- 0.23 M-Jup measurements. This variation has a period and phase consistent with our transit photometry. Our spectra show no evidence of line bisector variations that would indicate a blended eclipsing binary star. From detailed modeling of our B and z photometry of the 2.5% deep transits, we determine a stellar radius and a 0.802 +/- 0.046 R-circle dot and a planetary radius 1.295 +/- 0.081 R-Jup. TrES-3 has one of the shortest orbital periods of the exoplanets, facilitating studies of orbital decay and mass loss due to evaporation, and making it an excellent target for future studies of infrared emission and reflected starlight. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Osserv Astron Torino, INAfQ, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. RP O'Donovan, FT (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ftod@caltech.edu RI Rabus, Markus/B-8029-2009; O'Donovan, Francis/I-2423-2014; OI Hidas, Marton/0000-0002-4027-9240; O'Donovan, Francis/0000-0002-4858-6106; Sozzetti, Alessandro/0000-0002-7504-365X; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 46 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 663 IS 1 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1086/519793 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182YH UT WOS:000247539400010 ER PT J AU Reynolds, SM Dryer, K Bollback, J Uy, JAC Patricelli, GL Robson, T Borgia, G Braun, MJ AF Reynolds, Sheila M. Dryer, Katie Bollback, Jonathan Uy, J. Albert C. Patricelli, Gail L. Robson, Timothy Borgia, Gerald Braun, Michael J. TI Behavioral paternity predicts genetic paternity in Satin Bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus), a species with a non-resource-based mating system SO AUK LA English DT Article DE mating success; microsatellites; non-resource-based mating system; paternity; Ptilonorhynchus violaceus; reproductive success; Satin Bowerbird ID EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; FEMALE CHOICE; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEXUAL SELECTION; MALE DISPLAYS; FERTILIZATIONS; DECORATIONS; EVOLUTION C1 Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Reynolds, SM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, Biol Psychol Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sheilar@umd.edu OI Uy, J. Albert C./0000-0002-8437-5525 NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 857 EP 867 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[857:BPPGPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 197WI UT WOS:000248586800009 ER PT J AU Miller, MJ Bermingham, E Ricklefs, RE AF Miller, Matthew J. Bermingham, Eldredge Ricklefs, Robert E. TI Historical biogeography of the new world solitaires (Myadestes spr) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Andes Mountains; Hawaii; late Miocene; mitochondrial DNA; North Peruvian Low; over-ocean dispersal; Panama Land Bridge; phylogeography; range expansion; West Indies ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; AVES; DIVERSIFICATION; SPECIATION; PASSERIFORMES; FURNARIIDAE; SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTION; AVIFAUNA AB Solitaires (Myadestes spp.) are montane-forest birds that are widely distributed throughout the New World, ranging from Alaska to northern Bolivia and including both Hawaii and the West Indies. To understand the origins of this impressive distribution, we used five mitochondrial gene sequences to reconstruct the historical biogeography of the genus. The resulting phylogeny indicates a rapid initial spread of the genus to occupy most of its contemporary continental range at least as far south as lower Mesoamerica, plus Hawaii and the Greater Antilles. The North American M. townsendi appears to be the sister taxon of the rest of Myadestes. Myadestes obscurus of Hawaii is more closely allied to Mesoamerican lineages than to M. townsendi. The strongly supported sister relationship of the two West Indian taxa, M. elisabeth and M. genibarbis, indicates a single colonization of the West Indies. A more recent node links the Andean M. ralloides to the Mesoamerican M. melanops and M. coloratus. A standard molecular clock calibration of 2% sequence divergence per million years for avian mitochondrial DNA suggests that the initial diversification of Myadestes occurred near the end of the Miocene (between 5 and 7.5 mya). Cooler temperatures and lower sea levels at that time would have increased the extent of montane forests and reduced overwater dispersal distances, possibly favoring range expansion and colonization of the West Indies. The split between South American and southern Mesoamerican lineages dates to similar to 3 mya, which suggests that Myadestes expanded its range to South America soon after the Pliocene rise of the Isthmus of Panama. Despite the demonstrated capacity of Myadestes for long-distance dispersal, several species of Myadestes are highly differentiated geographically. Phylogeographic structure was greatest in the West Indian M. genibarbis, which occurs on several islands in the Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles, and in the Andean M. ralloides. The phylogeographic differentiation within M. ralloides was not anticipated by previous taxonomic treatments and provides a further example of the importance of the Andes in the diversification of Neotropical birds. Overall, the historical biogeography of Myadestes suggests that range expansion and long-distance dispersal are transient population phases followed by persistent phases of population differentiation and limited dispersal. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Alaska, Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Miller, MJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM millerma@si.edu RI Miller, Matthew/B-4560-2008 OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2939-0239 NR 57 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 868 EP 885 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[868:HBOTNW]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 197WI UT WOS:000248586800010 ER PT J AU Sattler, GD Sawaya, P Braun, MJ AF Sattler, Gene D. Sawaya, Patricia Braun, Michael J. TI An assessment of song admixture as an indicator of hybridization in Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina Chickadees (P-carolinensis) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Black-capped Chickadee; Carolina Chickadee; hybrid zone; intermediacy; introgression; Poecile atricapillus; P. carolinensis; song admixture ID NORTH-AMERICAN CHICKADEES; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; PARUS-ATRICAPILLUS; HYBRID ZONE; INTERACTIVE PLAYBACK; CONTACT ZONE; FREQUENCY; BIRDS; VOCALIZATIONS; POPULATIONS AB Vocal admixture often occurs where differentiated populations or species of birds meet. This may entail song sympatry, bilingually singing birds, and songs with intermediate or atypical characteristics. Different levels of vocal admixture at the range interface between Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina Chickadees (P. carolinensis) have been interpreted as indicating that hybridization is frequent at some locations but not others. However, song ontogeny in these birds has a strong nongerietic component, so that inferences regarding hybridization based on vocal admixture require confirmation. We used diagnostic genetic markers and quantitative analyses of song to characterize population samples along two transects of the chickadee contact zone in the Appalachian Mountains. More than 50% of individuals at the range interface were of hybrid ancestry, yet only 20% were observed to be bilingual or to sing atypical songs. Principal component analysis revealed minimal song intermediacy. This result contrasts with an earlier analysis of the hybrid zone in Missouri that found considerable song intermediacy. Re-analysis of the Missouri data confirmed this difference. Correlation between an individual's genetic composition and its song type was weak in Appalachian hybrid populations, and genetic introgression in both forms extended far beyond the limits of vocal admixture. Therefore, song is not a reliable indicator of levels of hybridization or genetic introgression at this contact zone. Varying ecological factors may play a role in producing variable levels of song admixture in different regions of the range interface. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sattler, GD (reprint author), Liberty Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, 1971 Univ Blvd, Lynchburg, VA 24502 USA. EM gsattler@liberty.edu NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 926 EP 944 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[926:AAOSAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 197WI UT WOS:000248586800015 ER PT J AU Beehler, BM Prawiradilaga, DM de Fretes, Y Kemp, N AF Beehler, Bruce M. Prawiradilaga, Dewi M. de Fretes, Yance Kemp, Neville TI A new species of smoky honeyeater (Meliphagidae : Melipotes) from western New Guinea SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Foja Mountains; Indonesia; Meliphagidae; Melipotes carolae; New Guinea; new species; Papua; wattled smoky honeyeater. AB We describe a new species of smoky honeyeater from the Foja Mountains, an isolated range in western New Guinea (Papua Province, Indonesia). A common inhabitant of montane forest and forest-edge in this little-known north coastal range, this species possesses a fleshy pendant suborbital wattle, unique in the genus Melipotes, among other characteristics that distinguish it from all congeners. This fleshy wattle provides a morphological link between Melipotes and the monotypic genus Macgregoria, an alpine inhabitant of the Central Ranges of New Guinea, traditionally treated as a bird of paradise (e.g., Frith and Beehler 1998) but now regarded as the sister genus to Melipotes (Cracraft and Feinstein 2000). The presence of an endemic meliphagid species in the Foja Mountains highlights the biogeographic significance and conservation importance of this geographically isolated upland forest tract, which is also home to the endemic Golden-fronted Bowerbird (Amblyornis flavifrons) and Berlepsch's Parotia (Parotia berlepschi), a distinctive, recently rediscovered species of six-wired bird of paradise (B. M. Beehler unpubl. data). C1 Conservat Int, Melanesia Ctr Biodivers Conservat, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20013 USA. LIPI, Res Ctr Biol, Dept Ornithol, Div Zool, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia. Conservat Int Indonesia, Jakarta 12550, Indonesia. Bernice P Bishop Museum, IndoPacific Conservat Alliance, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. RP Beehler, BM (reprint author), Conservat Int, Melanesia Ctr Biodivers Conservat, 1919 M St NW,Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM bbeehler@conservation.org NR 20 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1000 EP 1009 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1000:ANSOSH]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 197WI UT WOS:000248586800020 ER PT J AU Rappole, JH AF Rappole, John H. TI In memoriam: Mario Alberto Ramos Olmos, 1949-2006 SO AUK LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Rappole, JH (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1093 EP 1095 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1093:IMMARO]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 197WI UT WOS:000248586800031 ER PT J AU Weinbeer, M Kalko, EKV AF Weinbeer, Moritz Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Ecological niche and phylogeny: the highly complex echolocation behavior of the trawling long-legged bat, Macrophyllum macrophyllum SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; foraging behavior; phyllostomidae; sensory ecology; trawling ID FRUIT-EATING BATS; PREY DETECTION; FLIGHT PERFORMANCE; MYOTIS-DAUBENTONII; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; HUNTING BEHAVIOR; PIPISTRELLE BATS; BULLDOG BAT; CHIROPTERA; VESPERTILIONIDAE AB Bats produce echolocation signals that reflect the sensory tasks they perform. In open air or over water, bats encounter few or no background echoes (clutter). Echolocation of such bats is the primary cue for prey perception and varies with the stage of approach to prey, typically comprising search, approach, and terminal group calls. In contrast, bats that glean stationary food from rough surfaces emit more uniform calls without a distinct terminal group. They use echolocation primarily for orientation in space and mostly need additional sensory cues for finding food because clutter echoes overlap strongly with food echoes. Macrophyllum macrophyllum is the only Neotropical leaf-nosed bat (Phyllostomidae) that hunts in clutter-poor habitat over water. As such, we hypothesized that, unlike all other members of its family, but similar to other trawling and aerial insectivorous bats, M. macrophyllum can hunt successfully by using only echolocation for prey perception. In controlled behavioral experiments on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, we confirmed that echolocation alone is sufficient for finding prey in M. macrophyllum. Furthermore, we showed that pattern and structure of echolocation signals in M. macrophyllum are more similar to aerial and other trawling insectivorous bats than to close phylogenetic relatives. Particularly unique among phyllostomid bats, we found distinct search, approach, and terminal group calls in foraging M. macrophyllum. Call structure, however, consisting of short, multiharmonic, and steep frequency-modulated signals, closely resembled those of other phyllostomid bats. Thus, echolocation behavior in M. macrophyllum is shaped by ecological niche as well as by phylogeny. C1 Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Kalko, EKV (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM elisabeth.kalko@uni-ulm.de NR 51 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 61 IS 9 BP 1337 EP 1348 DI 10.1007/s00265-007-0364-8 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 178YJ UT WOS:000247256000003 ER PT J AU Van Bael, SA Bichier, P Ochoa, I Greenberg, R AF Van Bael, Sunshine A. Bichier, Peter Ochoa, Isis Greenberg, Russell TI Bird diversity in cacao farms and forest fragments of western Panama SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE agroecosystem; Bocas del Toro; bird diversity; migratory birds; Theobroma cacao ID INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; COFFEE PLANTATIONS; COSTA-RICA; MANAGEMENT INTENSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; SHADE COFFEE; IMPACT; AGROECOSYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; ASSEMBLAGES AB Theobroma cacao plantings, when managed under the shade of rainforest trees, provide habitat for many resident and migratory bird species. We compared the bird diversity and community structure in organic cacao farms and nearby forest fragments throughout mainland Bocas del Toro, Panama. We used this dataset to ask the following questions: (1) How do bird communities using cacao habitat compare to communities of nearby forest fragments? (2) To what extent do Northern migratory birds use shaded cacao farms, and do communities of resident birds shift their abundances in cacao farms seasonally? (3) Do small scale changes in shade management of cacao farms affect bird diversity? Using fixed radius point counts and additional observations, we recorded 234 landbird species, with 102 species that were observed in both cacao and forest fragments, 86 species that were only observed in cacao farms, and 46 species that were restricted to forest fragments. Cacao farms were rich in canopy and edge species such as tanagers, flycatchers and migratory warblers, but understory insectivores were nearly absent from cacao farms. We observed 27 migratory species, with 18 species in cacao farms only, two species in forest only, and seven species that occurred in both habitats. In cacao farms, the diversity of birds was significantly greater where there was less intensive management of the canopy shade trees. Shade tree species richness was most important for explaining variance in bird diversity. Our study shows that shaded cacao farms in western Panama provide habitat for a wide variety of resident and migratory bird species. Considering current land use trends in the region, we suggest that action must be taken to prevent conversion away from shaded cacao farms to land uses with lower biodiversity conservation value. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Van Bael, SA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM vanbaels@si.edu NR 30 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 8 BP 2245 EP 2256 DI 10.1007/s10531-007-9193-3 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 188PQ UT WOS:000247932200002 ER PT J AU Zabin, CJ Zardus, J Pitombo, FB Fread, V Hadfield, MG AF Zabin, Chela J. Zardus, John Pitombo, Fabio Bettini Fread, Vanessa Hadfield, Michael G. TI A tale of three seas: consistency of natural history traits in a Caribbean-Atlantic barnacle introduced to Hawaii SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE barnacles; body size; Brazil; Caribbean; changes in invaders; Chthamalus; Hawaii; hull-fouling; life history of invaders; native-invaded habitat comparison ID BALANUS-GLANDULA; MARINE; SHORES; INVASION; SPREAD; CIRRIPEDIA; CHTHAMALUS; EVOLUTION; COMMUNITY; PACIFIC AB Predictive models in invasion biology rely on knowledge of the life history and ecological role of invading species. However, species may change in key traits as they invade a new region, making prediction difficult. For marine invertebrate invaders there have been too few comparative studies to determine whether change in key traits is the exception or the rule. Here we examined populations of the intertidal barnacle Chthamalus proteus in three locations in its native range in the Caribbean and Atlantic, and in the Hawaiian Islands, where it has recently invaded, as a model system for such comparative studies. We measured body size, fecundity, population density and vertical distribution, compared habitat use and investigated aspects of the barnacle's ecological role in Curacao, Panama and Brazil and the main Hawaiian Islands. In terms of these measures, the barnacle has undergone little change in its invasion of Hawaii. Thus, if this barnacle had been studied in its native range, predictions about its spread in Hawaii could have been made. As little was known about this barnacle in either its native range or Hawaii, we also carried out studies of its larval life history, fecundity, growth, and mortality. Based on this work, we predict that this barnacle will continue to spread, aided by vessel traffic, throughout the Hawaiian Islands and elsewhere in the Pacific. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool & Ecol, Evolut & Conservat Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. The Citadel, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. Univ Fed Fluminense, Dept Biol Marinha, BR-24001970 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. Yap Community Act Program, Yap FM 96943, Micronesia. RP Zabin, CJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. EM zabinc@si.edu RI Pitombo, Fabio/G-1778-2012 NR 46 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD JUL PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 523 EP 544 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9056-y PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178YL UT WOS:000247256200003 ER PT J AU Sloan, S AF Sloan, Sean TI Fewer people may not mean more forest for Latin American forest frontiers SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID LAND-USE; SECONDARY FORESTS; ECUADORIAN AMAZON; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; TROPICAL FOREST; DEFORESTATION; TRANSITION; REFORESTATION; CONVERSION C1 McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RP Sloan, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM seanpatricksloan@mac.com RI Sloan, Sean/A-8630-2012 OI Sloan, Sean/0000-0002-7834-0203 NR 44 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JUL PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 443 EP 446 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00288.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186LE UT WOS:000247779400001 ER PT J AU Herz, H Beyschlag, W Holldobler, B AF Herz, Hubert Beyschlag, Wolfram Holldobler, Berthold TI Assessing herbivory rates of leaf-cutting ant (Atta colombica) colonies through short-term refuse deposition counts SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; consumption rate; foraging activity; Formicidae; method; refuse production; tropical moist forest ID CUTTER ANT; FORMICIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; FOREST; ATTINI; PANAMA AB Leaf-cutting ants (genera Atta and Acromyrmex) are considered dominant herbivores of Neotropical forests. However, so far quantitative, long-term, and large-scale assessments of their impact on these ecosystems are rare, because the available assessment methods were laborious and/or destructive. We describe a rapid, nondestructive, and inexpensive method to estimate the long-term harvest of Atta colombica colonies. Workers of A. colombica dump the colony refuse (exhausted fungal substrate) outside the nest. A single trail connects the refuse pile and the nest. In contrast to the foraging activity, the refuse deposition rate (the number of deposited refuse particles per minute) is diurnally constant and varies little on subsequent days. The number of refuse particles deposited per day was tightly correlated with the number of harvested fragments in nests of differing sizes (R-2 = 0.77, P < 0.0001). Therefore, the daily harvest of a particular colony can be calculated from short-term counts (5 min) of the refuse deposition rate at any time of the day. Combining these data with information on average fragment size (weight and/or area) allows the calculation of the total daily amount of biomass and/or foliage area harvested by the colony. This new method facilitates quantifying A. colombica herbivory on scales of populations and ecosystems, or over long-term scales. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Bielefeld, Dept Expt & Syst Ecol, D-4800 Bielefeld, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, Dept Behav Physiol & Sociobiol, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, LSC 274, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Herz, H (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM herzh@si.edu NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3606 EI 1744-7429 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JUL PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 476 EP 481 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00283.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186LE UT WOS:000247779400005 ER PT J AU Herz, H Beyschlag, W Holldobler, B AF Herz, Hubert Beyschlag, Wolfram Holldobler, Berthold TI Herbivory rate of leaf-cutting ants in a tropical moist forest in Panama at the population and ecosystem scales SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Atta colombica; Barro Colorado Island; consumption rate; folivory; insect herbivory; leaf area ID ATTA-COLOMBICA; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; RAIN-FOREST AB Leaf-cutting ants are frequently characterized as the major herbivores in the Neotropics, but quantitative data to back up this assumption are scarce. In this study, the consumption and herbivory rates for the entire leaf-cutting ant (Atta colombica, Formicidae) population in an old secondary forest on Barro Colorado Island (BCI) in Panama were determined over 15 mo (on average 49 colonies). The number of harvested leaf fragments was calculated from monthly refuse deposition rates of the colonies and the regression between refuse deposition and harvesting rates. The inclusion of fragment characteristics (proportion of leaf fragments in the harvest, average fragment weight, and area) allowed us to calculate consumption and herbivory rates at colony, population, and ecosystem levels. The A. colombica population harvested 13.2 tons of biomass/yr and 13.1 ha of leaf area/yr, and deposited 9.4 tons of refuse material/yr. Rates varied considerably among colonies. At the ecosystem level, i.e., per forest area, herbivory rates were 132 kg biomass/ha/yr and 13 10 m(2) foliage/ha/yr. For the area on BCI where A. colombica occurs (100 ha), this is equivalent to 2.1 percent of the foliage area in the forest or 1.7 percent of the annual leaf-area production. This value is considerably lower than previously published estimates of leaf-cutting ant herbivory rates in tropical forests. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Bielefeld, Dept Expt & Syst Ecol, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, Dept Behav Physiol & Sociobiol, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, LSC 274, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Herz, H (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM herzh@si.edu NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JUL PY 2007 VL 39 IS 4 BP 482 EP 488 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00284.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 186LE UT WOS:000247779400006 ER PT J AU Francisco-Ortega, J Santiago-Valentin, E Acevedo-Rodriguez, P Lewis, C Pipoly, J Meerow, AW Maunder, M AF Francisco-Ortega, Javier Santiago-Valentin, Eugenio Acevedo-Rodriguez, Pedro Lewis, Carl Pipoly, John, III Meerow, Alan W. Maunder, Mike TI Seed plant genera endemic to the Caribbean island Biodiversity hotspot: A review and a molecular phylogenetic perspective SO BOTANICAL REVIEW LA English DT Review ID PLASTID DNA-SEQUENCES; NONCODING CHLOROPLAST DNA; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; MACARONESIAN ISLANDS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; TRIBAL RELATIONSHIPS; LEGUMES FABACEAE; GREATER-ANTILLES; FOSSIL EVIDENCE; MAJOR LINEAGES AB The Caribbean Island Biodiversity Hotspot is composed primarily of the Bahamas and Greater and Lesser Antilles. A total of 180 genera (727 spp., ca. 9% of the species endemic to the Antilles) are restricted to this hotspot. Most of these genera are unispecific (51%), a pattern that is also found on other islands of the world. The majority of the endemic genera belong to the "Core Eudicot" clade, and they were published in two time periods (1854-1878 and 1904-1928). There are molecular phylogenies available for 63 of the endemic genera. However, phylogenetic reconstructions of only 21 genera are based on more than one independent DNA region and have well-supported clades and good taxonomic sampling. Six of the endemic genera form part of early-branching groups. We could not infer biogeographical conclusions from the molecular phylogenies of most of the endemic genera (43: 68%). There is an urgent need for (1) additional field studies to learn the conservation status of these genera, (2) effective protection of the habitats where the most endangered genera occur, and (3) additional biological and systematic studies of the least understood genera. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Fairchild Trop Garden, Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, Miami, FL 33156 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Jardin Bot Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. US Natl Herbarium, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Repostory, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Francisco-Ortega, J (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 344 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0006-8101 EI 1874-9372 J9 BOT REV JI Bot. Rev. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3 BP 183 EP 234 DI 10.1663/0006-8101(2007)73[183:SPGETT]2.0.CO;2 PG 52 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 217VK UT WOS:000249975200001 ER PT J AU Neufeld, MJ AF Neufeld, Michael J. TI Wernher von Braun's ultimate weapon SO BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Natl Air & Space Museum, Chair Space Hist Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Neufeld, MJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Air & Space Museum, Chair Space Hist Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDUC FOUNDATION NUCLEAR SCI PI CHICAGO PA 6042 SOUTH KIMBARK, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0096-3402 J9 B ATOM SCI JI Bull. Atom. Scient. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 63 IS 4 BP 50 EP + DI 10.2968/063004019 PG 9 WC International Relations; Social Issues SC International Relations; Social Issues GA 185KS UT WOS:000247710500035 ER PT J AU David, J AF David, James TI Bourbon operations in China following World War II SO CRYPTOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BOURBON; communications intelligence; OP-20 G; Soviet communications circuits AB This article describes the operation of a small U.S. Navy station in post-World War II China that primarily intercepted Soviet naval traffic as part of the worldwide BOURBON project targeting all Soviet communications systems. RP David, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM davidj@si.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0161-1194 J9 CRYPTOLOGIA JI Cryptologia PD JUL PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 254 EP 262 DI 10.1080/01611190701313957 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science; Mathematics GA 194EQ UT WOS:000248327500005 ER PT J AU Wright, SJ Sanchez-Azofeifa, GA Portillo-Quintero, C Davies, D AF Wright, S. Joseph Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. Arturo Portillo-Quintero, Carlos Davies, Diane TI Poverty and corruption compromise tropical forest reserves SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; corruption; fire; Indonesia; national parks; poverty; protected areas; remote sensing; tropical forest; wealth ID PROTECTED AREAS; FIRE; MODIS; PARKS; DEFORESTATION; BIODIVERSITY; VALIDATION; WORLDS; COVER AB We used the global fire detection record provided by the satellite-based Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to determine the number of fires detected inside 823 tropical and subtropical moist forest reserves and for contiguous buffer areas 5, 10, and 15 km wide. The ratio of fire detection densities (detections per square kilometer) inside reserves to their contiguous buffer areas provided an index of reserve effectiveness. Fire detection density was significantly lower inside reserves than in paired, contiguous buffer areas but varied by five orders of magnitude among reserves. The buffer : reserve detection ratio varied by up to four orders of magnitude among reserves within a single country, and median values varied by three orders of magnitude among countries. Reserves tended to be least effective at reducing fire frequency in many poorer countries and in countries beset by corruption. Countries with the most successful reserves include Costa Rica, Jamaica, Malaysia, and Taiwan and the Indonesian island of Java. Countries with the most problematic reserves include Cambodia, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Sierra Leone and the Indonesian portion of Borneo. We provide fire detection density for 3964 tropical and subtropical reserves and their buffer areas in the hope that these data will expedite further analyses that might lead to improved management of tropical reserves. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Alberta, Earth & Atmospher Sci Dept, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wright, SJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM wrightj@si.edu RI Portillo, Carlos/G-5477-2013; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 28 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1259 EP 1266 DI 10.1890/06-1330.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 193HS UT WOS:000248265700001 PM 17708206 ER PT J AU Hunt, G AF Hunt, Gene TI Evolutionary divergence in directions of high phenotypic variance in the ostracode genus Poseidonamicus SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE genetic constraints; independent contrasts; macroevolution; microevolution; Poseidonamicus; variation ID KLUGE-KERFOOT PHENOMENON; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; PHYLOGENY RECONSTRUCTION; LEAST RESISTANCE; SMITH 2000; DEVELOPMENTAL CONSTRAINTS; POPULATION DIVERGENCE; PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIA; STRATIGRAPHIC RANGES; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS AB Trait variation and covariation are understood to influence the response of populations to natural selection on generational time scales, but their role, if any, in shaping long-term macroevolutionary divergence is still unclear. The present study uses the rich fossil record of the ostracode genus Poseidonamicus to reconstruct in great detail the evolutionary history of a set of landmark-based morphometric characters. This reconstruction included two kinds of evolutionary inferences: ancestor-descendant transitions among populations repeatedly sampled at the same location and divergence between lineages measured as independent contrasts on a phylogeny. This reconstructed history was then used to test if evolutionary changes were concentrated in directions (traits or combinations of traits) with high phenotypic variance. Two different statistics of association between evolution and variation tested the null hypothesis that evolutionary changes occur in random directions with respect to trait variability. The first of these measured the similarity between the directions of evolutionary change and the axis of maximum variance, and the second measured the degree to which evolutionary changes were concentrated in directions of high phenotypic variation. Randomization tests indicated that both kinds of evolutionary inferences (ancestor-descendant and phylogenetic contrasts) occurred preferentially in directions of high phenotypic variance (and close to the axis of maximal variation), suggesting that within-population variation can structure long-term divergence. This effect decayed after a few million years, but at least for one metric, never disappeared completely. These results are consistent with Schluter's genetic constraints model in which evolutionary trajectories on adaptive landscapes are deflected by variation within and covariation among traits. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hunt, G (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hunte@si.edu RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 NR 104 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JUL PY 2007 VL 61 IS 7 BP 1560 EP 1576 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00129.x PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 183MH UT WOS:000247576400005 PM 17598740 ER PT J AU Tronche, EJ Hewins, RH MacPherson, GJ AF Tronche, Elodie J. Hewins, Roger H. MacPherson, Glenn J. TI Formation conditions of aluminum-rich chondrules SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID BARRED OLIVINE CHONDRULES; FERROMAGNESIAN CHONDRULES; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; CRYSTALLIZATION SEQUENCES; EXPERIMENTAL REPRODUCTION; DYNAMIC CRYSTALLIZATION; GENETIC LINK; INCLUSIONS; ORIGIN; TEXTURES AB We have studied the formation conditions of Al-rich chondrules by doing isothermal and dynamic crystallization experiments at one atmosphere on four different chondrule analogue compositions within the pure CaO-MgO-Al2O3SiO2 system. For the dynamic crystallization experiments, we cooled from both liquidus and subliquidus peak temperatures (T-max), at cooling rates from 5-1000 degrees C/h. The starting compositions include two with anorthite and two with forsterite as the dominant liquidus phases, all at or near spinel-saturation. One of each pair evolves towards diopside crystallization, and the others cordierite or enstatite crystallization, giving a total of four completely different crystallization sequences analogous to the four basic varieties of Al-rich chondrule recently proposed. Bulk composition is the main controlling factor, both in terms of mineralogy and texture. The textures of the anorthite-rich compositions are more sensitive to T-max than they are to cooling rate, whereas the textures of the forsterite-rich compositions are more sensitive to cooling rate. Comparisons of natural Al-rich chondrules having similar compositions to our synthetic analogues indicate that the natural objects reflect a range of peak heating temperatures, similar to 1400-1500 degrees C, and cooling rates of 10-500 degrees C/h for porphyritic chondrules and possibly higher (1000 degrees C/h) for barred chondrules. These conditions are consistent with the conditions inferred for ferromagnesian chondrules but differ from those inferred for some calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. CNRS, UMS2679, F-75005 Paris, France. MNHN, Lab Etudes Mat Extraterrestre, F-75005 Paris, France. RP MacPherson, GJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC NHB-119, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM macphers@si.edu NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 13 BP 3361 EP 3381 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.03.037 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 188CG UT WOS:000247895700017 ER PT J AU Clyde, WC Hamzi, W Finarelli, JA Wing, SL Schankler, D Chew, A AF Clyde, William C. Hamzi, Walid Finarelli, John A. Wing, Scott L. Schankler, David Chew, Amy TI Basin-wide magneto stratigraphic framework for the bighorn basin, Wyoming SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE magnetostratigraphy; Paleocene; Eocene; Bighorn Basin; mammals; plants ID EARLY EOCENE; POLARITY STRATIGRAPHY; CONTINENTAL DEPOSITS; CENTRAL MONTANA; LATE PALEOCENE; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CONSTRAINTS; SEDIMENTS; MIDDLE AB New paleomagnetic data from six different sections in the Bighorn Basin are combined with previously published results to construct a basin-wide magnetostratigraphic framework. Geomagnetic polarity reversals between chrons C26r, C26n, C25r, C25n, C24r, and C24n have been identified among multiple stratigraphic sections in different parts of the basin. Using the new magnetostratigraphic framework, paleontological, paleobotanical, and isotopic information from these varied locations in the basin can now be correlated and compared to similar records from elsewhere in the world. These new data resolve previous uncertainty concerning the timing of an important episode of faunal turnover known as Biohorizon B, which is slightly below the chron C24r-C24n boundary, close to the position of the Elmo isotope excursion in marine records. Backstripping analysis using these new magnetostratigraphic data helps define the time-transgressive onset of basin formation and shows the different subsidence histories of the northern and southern parts of the basin. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Chicago, Comm Evolutionary Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Clyde, WC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM will.clyde@unh.edu RI Clyde, William/C-9595-2017; OI Clyde, William/0000-0001-8814-3409; Wing, Scott/0000-0002-2954-8905 NR 40 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 119 IS 7-8 BP 848 EP 859 DI 10.1130/B26104.1 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 188CJ UT WOS:000247896000006 ER PT J AU Davidar, P Rajagopal, B Mohandass, D Puyravaud, JP Condit, R Wright, SJ Leigh, EG AF Davidar, Priya Rajagopal, B. Mohandass, D. Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe Condit, Richard Wright, S. J. Leigh, E. G., Jr. TI The effect of climatic gradients, topographic variation and species traits on the beta diversity of rain forest trees SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE beta diversity; climatic gradient; India; latitudinal gradient; topographic heterogeneity; trees; tropical rain forest; Western Ghats ID FLORISTIC COMPOSITION; TROPICAL FORESTS; NEOTROPICAL TREE; WESTERN-GHATS; DROUGHT; RICHNESS; ECOLOGY; DISPERSAL; DOMINANCE; PATTERNS AB Aim We assessed the rates of turnover of tree species with distance (beta diversity) in wet forests of the Western Ghats (WG) complex of India to see whether climate, topographic variation or species traits influence beta diversity. Location The Western Ghats is a chain of mountains about 1600 km in length, running parallel to the western coast of the Indian Peninsula from above 8 degrees N to almost 21 degrees N latitude. Methods We used data from 60 small plot inventories concentrated in three regions: the southernmost part of the Western Ghats (SWG) (8 degrees 24' to 9 degrees 37' N), the Nilgiri Hills (11 degrees 12' to 11 degrees 14' N), and the central Western Ghats (CWG) (12 degrees 32' to 14 degrees 51' N). We used Sorensen's index (SI) to estimate the similarity in species composition between two plots and regressed SI against the logarithm of the distance between plots to assess beta diversity. A bootstrapping procedure provided confidence intervals for regression coefficients. To test for the effects of climate, we regressed seasonality differences between plots against SI for low-elevation (< 800 m) plots along the north-south axis, and all plots in the SWG. We assessed the impact of the rainfall gradient in the Kogar region. Results Among all three regions, beta diversity was highest along the latitudinal axis, and along the rainfall gradient in the Kogar region. Differences in seasonality between sites were strongly related to beta diversity along the north-south seasonality gradient and within the SWG. Within the three regions, beta diversity was highest in the region with the strongest rainfall gradient and lowest for the topographically heterogeneous SWG. Beta diversity did not differ between forest strata and dispersal modes. Main conclusions We conclude that climate, particularly seasonality, is probably the primary driver of beta diversity among rain forest trees of the Western Ghats complex. C1 Pondicherry Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Pondicherry 605014, India. ITPower India Pvt Ltd, Pondicherry 605001, India. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 03092, Panama. RP Davidar, P (reprint author), Pondicherry Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Pondicherry 605014, India. EM davidarp@si.edu RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Davidar, Priya/0000-0003-2463-6743 NR 46 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 30 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 510 EP 518 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00307.x PG 9 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 177BF UT WOS:000247127900010 ER PT J AU Frame, K Hunt, G Roy, K AF Frame, Kristin Hunt, Gene Roy, Kaustuv TI Intertidal meiofaunal biodiversity with respect to different algal habitats: a test using phytal ostracodes from Southern California SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ostracoda; intertidal algae; abundance; diversity ID ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; MARINE; CRUSTACEA; ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; FISH; FOOD AB Rocky intertidal algae harbor a diverse invertebrate meiofauna of arthropods, nematodes and other invertebrates. Despite its ecological importance, relatively little is known about the diversity and composition of this important component of intertidal biodiversity. In this study, we quantified species composition, abundance and distribution of ostracodes, an important group of phytal meiofauna, at two different intertidal areas in southern California. In total, we recovered 22 ostracode species from three different orders (16 podocopids, five myodocopids and one platycopid), nearly a quarter of which could not be assigned to existing taxa. The abundance of ostracodes differed significantly among algal types, with structurally complex algae bearing many more ostracodes per gram of algae than simple forms (blade-like algae and the surfgrass Phyllospadix). Although most ostracode species were recovered from multiple kinds of algae, different algae harbored distinct assemblages that could be discriminated statistically on the basis of relative abundances of ostracode species. This segregation of the ostracode fauna according to algal species is evident even over very short spatial scales (< 1 m). Finally, ostracode samples from turf-forming algae were more species rich than samples from other kinds of macroalgae. Since turf-forming algae are easily damaged by human trampling, this component of ostracode biodiversity may be particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts on the intertidal habitat. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sect Ecol Behav & Evolut, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hunt, G (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, NHB MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hunte@si.edu RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUL PY 2007 VL 586 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-0707-5 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 169SU UT WOS:000246612800027 ER PT J AU Ceruzzi, P Grad, B AF Ceruzzi, Paul Grad, Burton TI PC software: spreadsheets for everyone SO IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material AB In the October-December 2006 issue of the Annals, devoted to the history of word processing, we noted that word processing has long been the primary use for personal computers (although lately it may be in second place after Web "surfing"). Yet when one looks at the history of the personal computer's adoption, another entirely different program stands out: the electronic spreadsheet. Why is that?. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ceruzzi, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1058-6180 J9 IEEE ANN HIST COMPUT JI IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput. PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 4 EP 5 DI 10.1109/MAHC.2007.4338437 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science GA 210KC UT WOS:000249454100001 ER PT J AU Ortner, DJ Frohlich, B AF Ortner, D. J. Frohlich, B. TI The EB IA tombs and burials of Bab edh-Dhra, Jordan: A bioarchaeological perspective on the people SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th European Meeting of the Paleopathology-Association CY AUG, 2002 CL Durham Univ, Durham, PORTUGAL SP Paleopathol Assoc HO Durham Univ DE osteology; palaeopathology; EB IA Jordan AB The transition from a hunting/gathering economy to an agricultural economy, beginning about 10,000 years ago, was accompanied by the development of specialised innovations including nomadic pastoralism, It was also associated with the emergence of increasingly sedentary human societies in which relatively large numbers of people lived in a crowded urban environment. The dynamic relationship between agriculture and urbanisation undoubtedly had a profound effect on evolutionary dynamics in developing complex human societies. By the beginning of the Early Bronze Age (EB IA, ca. 3300 BCE) an agricultural economy was well established in the region surrounding BAb eclh-Dhra located in the southeastern plain adjacent to the Dead Sea in Jordan. However, the site apparently did not begin to develop as an urban centre until EB IB. The objective of this paper is to explore what is known about the EB IA people of BAb edh-Dhra. The presence of infectious and metabolic diseases coupled with high infant mortality and low life-expectancy at birth suggest a society at risk. Nevertheless the people were robust and give evidence of at least a moderately successful adaptation to the environment in which they lived. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Bradford, Dept Archaeol Sci, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. RP Ortner, DJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM ortner@si.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1047-482X J9 INT J OSTEOARCHAEOL JI Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 358 EP 368 DI 10.1002/oa.907 PG 11 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 205RJ UT WOS:000249132000004 ER PT J AU Looy, CV AF Looy, Cindy V. TI Extending the range of derived late paleozoic conifers: Lebowskia gen. nov (majonicaceae) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE conifer; fossil; majonicaceae; evolution; Permian ID PERMIAN PALEOBOTANY; WEST TEXAS; WALCHIAN CONIFERS; POLLEN CONE; PALYNOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; PREPOLLEN; FLORA; ULTRASTRUCTURE; EXTINCTION AB Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the conifer families Majonicaceae and Ullmanniaceae (voltzian Voltziales), known from the equatorial Late Permian Euro-American flora province, arose from a member of a paraphyletic group of walchian Voltziales commonly referred to as walchian conifers. The Majonicaceae and Ullmanniaceae are more derived in that they have fused female reproduction organs and a more advanced reproduction strategy that involves a pollen tube. Until recently, it has not been possible to establish with accuracy when these conifers originated or when they started their rise to dominance over the walchian conifers. Findings from late Early to early Middle Permian localities in north-central Texas prove that radiation in these conifer lineages occurred significantly earlier than previously thought. The natural genus Lebowskia (Majonicaceae) from the Early Lower Pease River flora is described and compared with Late Permian taxa. It confirms that the Majonicaceae were already well differentiated during Early Permian times and considerably extends their geographic and temporal range. It shows that structural evolution and diversification among these conifer taxa took place before late Early Permian. Evolution and migration of conifers in the Late Paleozoic tropical regions seems to have been strongly influenced by the increasingly drier climate. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Looy, CV (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM looyc@si.edu NR 72 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 168 IS 6 BP 957 EP 972 DI 10.1086/518256 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 193VK UT WOS:000248303100012 ER PT J AU Ridley, BA Zeng, T Wang, Y Atlas, EL Browell, EV Hess, PG Orlando, JJ Chance, K Richter, A AF Ridley, B. A. Zeng, T. Wang, Y. Atlas, E. L. Browell, E. V. Hess, P. G. Orlando, J. J. Chance, K. Richter, A. TI An ozone depletion event in the sub-arctic surface layer over Hudson Bay, Canada SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ozone; ozone depletion; bromine; Hudson Bay; Arctic; TOPSE; GOME ID POLAR SUNRISE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; HYDROCARBON MEASUREMENTS; ATOM CONCENTRATIONS; BRO CONCENTRATIONS; HIGH-LATITUDES; BROMINE OXIDE; CHEMISTRY; TOPSE AB During the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) program, aircraft flights during April 7-11, 2000 revealed a large area air mass capped below similar to 500 m altitude over Hudson Bay, Canada in which ozone was reduced from normal levels of 30-40 ppbv to as low as 0.5 ppbv. From some of the in-situ aircraft measurements, back-trajectory calculations, the tropospheric column of BrO derived from GOME satellite measurements, and results from a regional model, we conclude that the event did not originate from triggering of reactive halogen release in the sub-Arctic region of Hudson Bay but resulted from such an event occurring at higher latitudes over the islands of the northern Canada Archipelago and nearby Arctic Ocean with subsequent transport over a distance of 1,000-1,500 km to Hudson Bay. BrO (x) remained active during this transport despite considerable changes in the conditions of the underlying surface suggesting that chemical recycling during transport dominated any local halogen input from the surface. If all of the tropospheric column density of BrO is distributed uniformly within the surface layer, then the mixing ratio of BrO derived from the satellite measurements is at least a factor of 2-3 larger than derived indirectly from in situ aircraft measurements of the NO/NO2 ratio. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Sci, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Ridley, BA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM ridley@ucar.edu RI Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; OI Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 57 IS 3 BP 255 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s10874-007-9072-z PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 189PY UT WOS:000248002200004 ER PT J AU Hailer, F Helander, B Folkestad, AO Ganusevich, SA Garstad, S Hauff, P Koren, C Masterov, VB Nygard, T Rudnick, JA Shiraki, S Skarphedinsson, K Volke, V Wille, F Vila, C AF Hailer, F. Helander, B. Folkestad, A. O. Ganusevich, S. A. Garstad, S. Hauff, P. Koren, C. Masterov, V. B. Nygard, T. Rudnick, J. A. Shiraki, S. Skarphedinsson, K. Volke, V. Wille, F. Vila, C. TI Phylogeography of the white-tailed eagle, a generalist with large dispersal capacity SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE control region; Eurasia; Falconiformes; Haliaeetus albicilla; mtDNA; population expansion; postglacial colonization ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATION-GROWTH; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POSTGLACIAL COLONIZATION; STATISTICAL TESTS; NORTHERN EURASIA; GLACIAL REFUGIUM; LATE QUATERNARY; CONTROL REGION; SEQUENCE DATA AB Aim Late Pleistocene glacial changes had a major impact on many boreal and temperate taxa, and this impact can still be detected in the present-day phylogeographic structure of these taxa. However, only minor effects are expected in species with generalist habitat requirements and high dispersal capability. One such species is the white-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla, and we therefore tested for the expected weak population structure at a continental level in this species. This also allowed us to describe phylogeographic patterns, and to deduce Ice Age refugia and patterns of postglacial recolonization of Eurasia. Location Breeding populations from the easternmost Nearctic (Greenland) and across the Palaearctic (Iceland, continental Europe, central and eastern Asia, and Japan). Methods Sequencing of a 500 base-pair fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region in 237 samples from throughout the distribution range. Results Our analysis revealed pronounced phylogeographic structure. Overall, low genetic variability was observed across the entire range. Haplotypes clustered in two distinct haplogroups with a predominantly eastern or western distribution, and extensive overlap in Europe. These two major lineages diverged during the late Pleistocene. The eastern haplogroup showed a pattern of rapid population expansion and colonization of Eurasia around the end of the Pleistocene. The western haplogroup had lower diversity and was absent from the populations in eastern Asia. These results suggest survival during the last glaciation in two refugia, probably located in central and western Eurasia, followed by postglacial population expansion and admixture. Relatively high genetic diversity was observed in northern regions that were ice-covered during the last glacial maximum. This, and phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes encountered in the north, indicates substantial population expansion at high latitudes. Areas of glacial meltwater runoff and proglacial lakes could have provided suitable habitats for such population growth. Main conclusions This study shows that glacial climate fluctuations had a substantial impact on white-tailed eagles, both in terms of distribution and demography. These results suggest that even species with large dispersal capabilities and relatively broad habitat requirements were strongly affected by the Pleistocene climatic shifts. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Environm Biol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Contaminant Res Grp, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Norwegian Sea Eagle Project, N-6065 Ulsteinvik, Norway. Field Res Grp Kola N, Moscow 127422, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Fac Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Hokkaido Inst Environm Sci, Wildlife Sect, Nat Conservat Dept, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600819, Japan. Icelandic Inst Nat Hist, IS-105 Reykjavik, Iceland. Eagle Club, EE-93813 Kuressaare, Estonia. RP Hailer, F (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Genet Program, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM frashai@gmx.net RI Hailer, Frank/C-9114-2012; Vila, Carles/H-4893-2013 OI Hailer, Frank/0000-0002-2340-1726; Vila, Carles/0000-0002-4206-5246 NR 77 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1193 EP 1206 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01697.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 192DA UT WOS:000248179800008 ER PT J AU Sun, IF Chen, YY Hubbell, SP Wright, SJ Noor, NSMD AF Sun, I-Fang Chen, Yu-Yun Hubbell, Stephen P. Wright, S. Joseph Noor, Nur Supardi M. D. TI Seed predation during general flowering events of varying magnitude in a Malaysian rain forest SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dipterocarpaceae; flowering phenology; general flowering event; lowland dipterocarp forest; Pasoh; post-dispersal seed predation; predator satiation; pre-dispersal seed predation; Shorea ID MAST-FRUITING DIPTEROCARPACEAE; PIGS SUS-SCROFA; COLEOPTERA; VERTEBRATES; PENINSULA; PATTERNS; SARAWAK; ASIA AB 1. The lowland dipterocarp forests of Southeast Asia exhibit interspecifically synchronized general flowering (GF) and mast fruiting at irregular multi-year intervals of 1 to 11 years. The predator satiation hypothesis (PSH) posits that GF events enhance seed survival by reducing the survival, reproduction and population sizes of seed predators between GF events, and then satiating the reduced seed predator populations during GF events. 2. Three GF events of different magnitudes occurred in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia, during 2001, 2002 and 2005. We exploited this natural experiment to test two predictions of the PSH. The first prediction was that seed survival should increase with the magnitude of the GF event. The second prediction was that seed predation should decrease with time since the previous GF event. 3. A reproductive survey of all (c. 900) dipterocarp trees 30 cm d.b.h. in a 50 ha plot showed that flowering pervasiveness (the proportion of dipterocarp species participating) was high and similar in all three GF events. However, relative flowering magnitudes (measured by an index of individual tree participation and flowering intensity in Shorea species) were 2, 5 and 8 for the 2001, 2002 and 2005 GF events, respectively. 4. The percentage of Shorea seeds surviving pre- and post-dispersal predation increased with the magnitude of GF events, which is consistent with the first prediction. 5. Pre-dispersal insect seed predators consumed 12.9%, 11.2% and 3.4% of Shorea seeds in the 2001, 2002 and 2005 GF events, respectively, which is consistent with both predictions. 6. Pre-dispersal seed predation by primates (mainly leaf monkeys) increased from 11.9% to 38.6% then fell to 9.3% in the 2001, 2002 and 2005 GF events, respectively. 7. Predator satiation occurred only at population and community levels. At the individual tree level there was no relationship between the percentage of seeds surviving pre- and post-dispersal seed predation and variation in seed crop size or seed density beneath the tree. This suggests that attempts to test the PSH on the scale of individual trees may miss key community level effects. 8. Our results suggest a more significant role of pre-dispersal seed predation in the evolution of reproductive synchrony than was recognized in the original statement of the PSH. C1 Tunghai Univ, Ctr Trop Ecol & Biodivers, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 52109, Malaysia. RP Sun, IF (reprint author), Tunghai Univ, Ctr Trop Ecol & Biodivers, 181,Sec 3,Chungkang Rd, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. EM sunif@thu.edu.tw RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 30 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 95 IS 4 BP 818 EP 827 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01235.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 179WD UT WOS:000247320100023 ER PT J AU Niven, JE AF Niven, Jeremy E. TI Cockroaches going round the bend SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Cambridge, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Niven, JE (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. EM jen22@hermes.cam.ac.uk RI Niven, Jeremy/A-5883-2011 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 13 BP VI EP VI DI 10.1242/jeb.000869 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 193WC UT WOS:000248304900007 ER PT J AU Langley, HD AF Langley, Harold D. TI "Friends in peace and war": The Russian Navy's landmark visit to Civil War San Francisco. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Langley, HD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 926 EP 927 DI 10.1353/jmh.2007.0215 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 185AZ UT WOS:000247685000027 ER PT J AU Hunt, G AF Hunt, Gene TI Morphology, ontogeny, and phylogenetics of the genus Poseidonamicus (Ostracoda : Thaerocytherinae) SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTISTATE CHARACTERS; ORDERED CHARACTERS; STICK INSECTS; DOLLOS LAW; EVOLUTION; CONGRUENCE; PATTERNS; RECONSTRUCTION; PARSIMONY; CRUSTACEA AB The ostracode genus Poseidonalnicus has been widespread and abundant in deep-sea sediments since the Eocene. Despite its prominent role in a number of evolutionary studies, species identification in this genus is often difficult and phylogenetic relationships among its species are not well understood. Here I present the findings from a comprehensive study of this genus with the purpose of discovering novel phytogenetic characters and clarifying species relationships. I briefly describe the adult carapace and trace some of the major morphological changes that occur over the last several instars. I focus particular attention on the arrangement of fossae in the reticulate mesh; these features have been shown in other ostracodes to correspond to underlying epidermal cells. I describe the development of fossae in the region posterior to the adductor muscle scars, and hypothesize a sequence of specific cell divisions to account for the addition of fossae over ontogeny. Phylogenetic characters were derived from many different types of characters, including aspects of carapace shape, the presence and location of pores, characteristics of specific ridges and spines, and the relative position of homologous fossae in the reticulum. A parsimony analysis of 42 characters and 40 operational taxonomic units (36 ingroup and four outgroup) resulted in a set of optimal trees whose strict consensus is relatively well resolved, well supported, and generally consistent with the order in which taxa appear in the fossil record. The monophyly of Poseidonamicits is supported, as is the monophyly of all deep-sea members of this genus. Within the clade of deep-sea Poseidonalnicus, several subgroups are recovered with varying levels of character support. In addition to providing a general framework for understanding morphological evolution in this genus, the results of this phylogenetic analysis have two specific implications for the evolution of sightedness in this genus. First, because Poseidonalnicus ocidaris is nested deeply within a clade of entirely deep-sea species, its putatively ocular features are probably not related to vision. Second, there has likely been just a single transition from sighted to blind in Poseidonainicus, coincident with its colonization of the deep sea. No Support is found for the recent suggestion that sighted shallow-water dwelling Poseidonamicus species may have evolved from blind deep-sea ancestors, although data from additional taxa will be necessary to test this hypothesis more fully. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hunt, G (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hunte@si.edu RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 NR 79 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 81 IS 4 BP 607 EP 631 DI 10.1666/pleo0022-3360(2007)081[0607:MOAPOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 25 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 187NS UT WOS:000247855500001 ER PT J AU Hernandez, EJ Roubik, DW Nates-Parra, G AF Hernandez, Edgar Javier Roubik, David W. Nates-Parra, Guiomar TI Morphometric analysis of bees in the Trigona fulviventris group (Hymenoptera : Apidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE morphotype; Trigona fulviventris; Colombia; Ecuador; Brazil; Panama; morphometric; bees; Apidae AB This study provides a morphometric analysis of a new morphotype belonging to the subgenus Trigona s. str. collected in Colombia. This morphotype is similar in external morphology as to the T. fulviventris complex. We use a non-parametric multivariate approach to compare 40 characteristics from five species of bees from the subgenus Trigona s. str. Our results suggest that this morphotype is morphologically distinct from the other species used in this study, but in order to asses the real validity of this finding further data from molecular genetics and ecology are needed. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Univ Nacl Colombia, LABUN, Bogota, Colombia. RP Hernandez, EJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 1 Univ Blvd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM ejh983@umsl.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.2317/0022-8567(2007)80[205:MAOBIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 189YF UT WOS:000248023900003 ER PT J AU Eberhard, WG AF Eberhard, William G. TI Swarming behavior of two parasitic wasps, Leurus caeruliventris (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) and Conura sp (Hymenoptera : Chalcididae), at the same site SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE male swarms; parasitic wasps C1 Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Eberhard, WG (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ciudad Univ, San Jose, Costa Rica. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 80 IS 3 BP 255 EP 258 DI 10.2317/0022-8567(2007)80[255:SBOTPW]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 189YF UT WOS:000248023900009 ER PT J AU Engelbrecht, BMJ Tyree, MT Kursar, TA AF Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J. Tyree, Melvin T. Kursar, Thomas A. TI Visual assessment of wilting as a measure of leaf water potential and seedling drought survival SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE method; mortality; performance; regeneration; water relations ID DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST; TREE; RESISTANCE; PATTERNS C1 Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Plant Ecol & Systemat, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. USDA Forest Serv, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Engelbrecht, BMJ (reprint author), Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Plant Ecol & Systemat, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. EM engelbrb@si.edu RI Engelbrecht, Bettina/E-9914-2012 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 23 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.1017/S026646740700421X PN 4 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 195FU UT WOS:000248398700013 ER PT J AU Ishtiaq, F Gering, E Rappole, JH Rahmani, AR Jhala, YV Dove, CJ Milensky, C Olson, SL Peirce, MA Fleischer, RC AF Ishtiaq, Farah Gering, Eben Rappole, Jon H. Rahmani, Asad R. Jhala, Yadvendradev V. Dove, Carla J. Milensky, Chris Olson, Storrs L. Peirce, Mike A. Fleischer, Robert C. TI Prevalence and diversity of avian hematozoan parasites in Asia: a regional survey SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; hematozoan parasites; India; Myanmar; South Korea ID MALARIA PLASMODIUM-RELICTUM; BLOOD PARASITES; PASSERIFORM BIRDS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; LAND BIRDS AB Tissue samples from 699 birds from three regions of Asia (Myanmar, India, and South Korea) were screened for evidence of infection by avian parasites in the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus. Samples were collected from November 1994 to October 2004. We identified 241 infected birds (34.0%). Base-on-sequence data for the cytochrome b gene from 221 positive samples, 34 distinct lineages of Plasmodium, and 41 of Haemoproteus were detected. Parasite diversity was highest in Myanmar followed by India and South Korea. Parasite prevalence differed among regions but not among host families. There were four lineages of Plasmodium and one of Haemoproteus shared between Myanmar and India and only one lineage of Plasmodium shared between Myanmar and South Korea. No lineages were shared between India and South Korea, although an equal number of distinct lineages were recovered from each region. Migratory birds in South Korea and India originate from two different migratory flyways; therefore cross-transmission of parasite lineages may be less likely. India and Myanmar shared more host species and habitat types compared to South Korea. Comparison between low-elevation habitat in India and Myanmar showed a difference in prevalence of haematozoans. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Zool Pk, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Bombay Nat Hist Soc, Bombay 400023, Maharashtra, India. Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Ishtiaq, F (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst Field Ornithol, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. EM farah.ishtiaq@zoo.ox.ac.uk RI pasuvalingam, visha/B-5717-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01GM063258] NR 37 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 382 EP 398 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 202RO UT WOS:000248921100007 PM 17699077 ER PT J AU Stewart, CM McShea, WJ Piccolo, BP AF Stewart, Chad M. McShea, William J. Piccolo, Brian P. TI The impact of white-tailed deer on agricultural landscapes in 3 national historical parks in Maryland SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agriculture; corn; crop damage; foraging; herbivory; Maryland; National Historical Parks; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer ID WILDLIFE DAMAGE; CORN; POPULATIONS; PERCEPTIONS; MANAGEMENT AB The legislative authorization of some United States national historical parks (NHP) includes maintaining an agricultural landscape as a management objective. This management objective can prove difficult to accomplish in some NHP given increasing white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) densities. Our goal was to quantify the impact of white-tailed deer foraging on agricultural landscapes in forested NHPs in Maryland, USA. We monitored 12 and 13 corn (Zea mays) fields at 3 NHP during the 2003 and 2004, respectively. Each field had 3 5 x 5-m fenced and unfenced plots along the edge and a similar set within the interior of the field. Within each plot we examined the number of stalks with corn, corn ear quality, and field weight prior to harvest. Fenced plots had higher weights of corn, more stalks with corn ears, and higher quality corn than unfenced plots. Estimates of silage yield based on crop weights indicate deer reduced silage yield in individual fields by 5-43% during the study period. Crop loss differed between years and fields, with plots in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal NHP sustaining the highest crop weight loss (28%). Eventual crop loss was correlated with proportion of corn plants browsed within 2 weeks of emergence. Some variability in loss between fields was due to landscape metrics, as fields surrounded by more forest experienced the highest loss. Our results indicate the NHP agriculture fields we studied receive significant deer damage to corn crops and may not be able to maintain mandated management without regulating deer numbers. C1 Smithsonian Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Stewart, CM (reprint author), Indiana Dept Nat Resources, 553 E Miller Dr, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. EM mcsheaw@si.edu NR 25 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1525 EP 1530 DI 10.2193/2006-351 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800017 ER PT J AU McShea, WJ Healy, WM Devers, P Fearer, T Koch, FH Stauffer, D Waldon, J AF McShea, William J. Healy, William M. Devers, Patrick Fearer, Todd Koch, Frank H. Stauffer, Dean Waldon, Jeff TI Forestry matters: Decline of oaks will impact wildlife in hardwood forests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE acorns; deer; fire; forest management; Forest Stewardship Council; foundation species; private forests; oak; Quercus ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; UNITED-STATES; GYPSY-MOTH; ACORN CROPS; PROGRAM; FRAGMENTATION; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT AB Acorn production by oaks (Quercus spp.) is an important food resource for wildlife in many deciduous forests. Its role as a hard mast crop that can be either stored or used to build fat reserves for winter survival cannot be replaced by most other potential foods. Changes in forest management, introduced pests and pathogens, and increased deer populations have resulted in significant changes in the demography of oaks in eastern North America, as evident in Forest Inventory and Analysis data. Specifically, maples (Acer spp.) are replacing oaks in many forests through dominance of the younger age classes. These changes are not yet obvious in mast production but will take decades to reverse. Effective forest management for mast production is arguably one of the more important tasks facing wildlife professionals, yet receives scant attention by both public and private land managers. Public forests need to explicitly include mast production in their forest planning and reduce adversarial relationships over forest management. Market forces are driving commercial forests toward forest certification. Private forests compose 80% of our oak forests and are the hardest group to influence. States have not been able to effectively market forest plans and we recommend joining with advocacy groups more adept at motivating the public. Increased communication between wildlife and forestry professionals is needed through agency restructuring and joint meetings of professional agencies at the state level. Professional wildlife and forest managers are encouraged to make increased use of monitoring data and form a multiagency cooperative using a joint venture model, which has been successful for other organizations. C1 Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Smithville, WV 26178 USA. Conservat Management Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP McShea, WJ (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM mcsheaw@si.edu RI Koch, Frank/F-2002-2011; OI Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 NR 72 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 8 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1717 EP 1728 DI 10.2193/2006-169 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 189ZP UT WOS:000248027800047 ER PT J AU Munguia, P AF Munguia, Pablo TI Spatial structure of communities on dead pen shells (Atrina rigida) in sea grass beds SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZELANDICA GRAY; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; BIVALVE; MARINE; SCALES; BIODIVERSITY; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS; COMPETITION AB Delimiting communities in marine habitats is difficult because co-occurring species often have different life histories and the life stages experience the environment at different spatial scales. The habitat of a particular community is embedded within a larger habitat or ecosystem with many species shared between the focal community and the larger system. Pen shells (Atrina rigida) are large bivalves that, once the mollusk dies, provide shelter for motile species and hard substrate for settling larval invertebrates and egg-laying fishes. In St. Joseph's Bay, Florida (29 degrees 45'N, 85 degrees 15'W), pen shells are the most abundant source of hard substrate, especially inside sea grass (Thalassia testudinum) beds, where they reach densities of 0.1-4.0 m(-2). This study, which was conducted from May to August 2005, measured the overlap in species densities between dead pen shells and the surrounding sea grass communities at eight sites to determine the discreteness of the pen shell communities. Of the 70-epibenthic taxa recorded, 66% were found on the pen shells but not in the surrounding sea grass habitat. Community structure, which varied among shells within sites and among the eight sites, could be related to sea grass characteristics such as blade density and length either directly (e.g., inhabitants of pen shells directly benefit from the surrounding sea grass) or indirectly (e.g., pen shells and sea grass both benefit from similar factors such as current and nutrients). Pen shells were randomly distributed at several spatial scales within the 15 x 15 m sites as were many motile species. Two exceptions were the shrimp, Palaemon floridanus and the amphipod, Dulichella appendiculata, whose distributions were clumped. Most of the sessile species had clumped distributions, tending to be very abundant when they were present. These pen shell communities provide an opportunity for experimental studies of factors affecting species diversity on small, discrete, naturally occurring habitats. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Munguia, P (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM munguiap@si.edu RI Munguia, Pablo/D-8653-2012; OI Munguia, Pablo/0000-0002-9900-2123 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 152 IS 1 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0670-8 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 181YG UT WOS:000247471700015 ER PT J AU May-Collado, LJ Agnarsson, I Wartzok, D AF May-Collado, Laura J. Agnarsson, Ingi Wartzok, Douglas TI Reexaming the Relationship Between Body Size and Tonal Signals Frequency in Whales: A Comparative Approach Using a Novel Phylogeny SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE evolution; adaptation; independent contrast; scaling; communication; phylogeny; tonal signals; toothed whales; delphinids; Mysticeti ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; RESIDENT KILLER WHALES; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; CHINESE RIVER DOLPHIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ORCINUS-ORCA; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; SOTALIA-FLUVIATILIS; BALAENOPTERA-EDENI AB A negative relationship between cetacean body size and tonal sound minimum and maximum frequencies has been demonstrated in several studies using standard statistical approaches where species are considered independent data points. Such studies, however, fail to account for known dependencies among related species-shared similarity due to common ancestry. Here we test these hypotheses by generating the most complete species level cetacean phylogeny to date, which we then use to reconstruct the evolutionary history of body size and standard tonal sounds parameters (minimum, maximum, and center frequency). Our results show that when phylogenetic relationships are considered the correlation between body size (length or mass) and minimum frequency is corroborated with approximately 27% of the variation in tonal sound frequency being explained by body size compared to 86% to 93% explained when phylogenetic relationships are not considered. Central frequency also correlates with body size in toothed whales, but for other tonal sound frequency parameters, including maximum frequency, this hypothesized correlation disappears. Therefore, constraints imposed by body size seem to have played a role in the evolution of minimum frequency but alternative hypotheses are required to explain variation in maximum frequency. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Pedro, Costa Rica. Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP May-Collado, LJ (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM lmayc002@fiu.edu NR 169 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 524 EP 552 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.02250.x PG 29 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 178FF UT WOS:000247205900004 ER PT J AU Krot, AN Yurimoto, H Hutcheon, ID Chaussidon, M Macpherson, GJ Paque, J AF Krot, Alexander N. Yurimoto, Hisayoshi Hutcheon, Ian D. Chaussidon, Marc Macpherson, Glenn J. Paque, Julie TI Remelting of refractory inclusions in the chondrule-forming regions: Evidence from chondrule-bearing type C calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions from Allende SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; FERROMAGNESIAN CHONDRULES; CV3 CHONDRITES; CONTEMPORANEOUS FORMATION; MULTISTAGE FORMATION; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; IGNEOUS RIMS; NEBULA AB We describe the mineralogy, petrology, oxygen, and magnesium isotope compositions of three coarse-grained, igneous, anorthite-rich (type C) Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) (ABC, TS26, and 93) that are associated with ferromagnesian chondrule-like silicate materials from the CV carbonaceous chondrite Allende. The CAIs consist of lath-shaped anorthite (An(99)), Cr-bearing Al-Ti-diopside (Al and Ti contents are highly variable), spinet, and highly akermanitic and Na-rich melilite (angstrom k(63-74), 0.4-0.6 wt% Na2O). TS26 and 93 lack Wark-Lovering rim layers; ABC is a CAI fragment missing the outermost part. The peripheral portions of TS26 and ABC are enriched in SiO2 and depleted in TiO2 and Al2O3 compared to their cores and contain relict ferromagnesian chondrule fragments composed of forsteritic olivine (Fa(6-8)) and low-Ca pyroxene/pigeonite (Fs(1)Wo(1-9)). The relict grains are corroded by Al-Ti-diopside of the host CAIs and surrounded by haloes of augite (Fs(0.5)Wo(30-42)). The outer portion of CAI 93 enriched in spinet is overgrown by coarse-grained pigeonite (Fs(0.5-2)Wo(5-17)), augite (Fs(0.5)Wo(38-42)), and anorthitic plagioclase (An(84)). Relict olivine and low-Ca pyroxene/pigeonite in ABC and TS26, and the pigeonite-augite rim around 93 are O-16-poor (Delta O-17 similar to -1 parts per thousand to -8 parts per thousand). Spinel and Al-Ti-diopside in cores of CAIs ABC, TS26, and 93 are O-16-enriched (Delta O-17 down to -20 parts per thousand), whereas Al-Ti-diopside in the outer zones, as well as melilite and anorthite, are O-16-depleted to various degrees (Delta O-17 = -11 parts per thousand to 2 parts per thousand). In contrast to typical Allende CAIs that have the canonical initial Al-26/Al-27 ratio of similar to 5 x 10(-5), ABC, 93, and TS26 are Al-26-poor with (Al-26/Al-27)(0) ratios of (4.7 +/- 1.4) x 10(-6), (1.5 +/- 1.8) x 10(-6), and <1.2 x 10(-6), respectively. We conclude that ABC, TS26, and 93 experienced remelting with addition of ferromagnesian chondrule silicates and incomplete oxygen isotopic exchange in an O-16-poor gaseous reservoir, probably in the chondrule-forming region. This melting episode could have reset the Al-26-Mg-26 systematics of the host CAIs, suggesting it occurred similar to 2 Myr after formation of most CAIs. These observations and the common presence of relict CAIs inside chondrules suggest that CAIs predated formation of chondrules. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Geophys & Planetary, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CNRS, CRPG, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, NHB, Washington, DC 20560 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Krot, AN (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Geophys & Planetary, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM sasha@higp.hawaii.edu RI Chaussidon, Marc/E-7067-2017 NR 88 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 1197 EP 1219 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 224UN UT WOS:000250472200011 ER PT J AU Fagan, TJ Guan, Y Macpherson, GJ AF Fagan, T. J. Guan, Y. Macpherson, G. J. TI Al-Mg isotopic evidence for episodic alteration of Ca-Al-rich inclusions from Allende SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; CV3 CHONDRITES; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; CARBONACEOUS-CHONDRITE; MULTIPLE STAGES; IODINE-XENON; METEORITE; CHONDRULES; AL-26; CONDENSATION AB Textures, mineral assemblages, and Al-Mg isotope systematics indicate a protracted, episodic secondary mineralization history for Allende Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs). Detailed observations from one type B1 CAI, one B2, one compact type A (CTA), and one fluffy type A (FTA) indicate that these diverse types of CAIs are characterized by two distinct textural and mineralogic types of secondary mineralization: (1) grossular-rich domains, concentrated along melilite grain boundaries in CAI interiors, and (2) feldspathoid-bearing domains, confined mostly to CAI margins just interior to the Wark-Lovering rim sequence. The Al-Mg isotopic compositions of most secondary minerals in the type B1 CAI, and some secondary minerals in the other CAIs, show no resolvable excesses of (26)Mg, whereas the primary CAI phases mostly yield correlated excesses of (26)Mg with increasing Al/Mg corresponding to "canonical" initial (26)Al/(27)Al similar to 4.5-5 x 10(-5). These secondary minerals formed at least 3 Ma after the primary CAI minerals. All but two analyses of secondary minerals from the fluffy type-A CAI define a correlated increase in (26)Mg/(24)Mg with increasing Al/Mg, yielding ((26)Al/(27)Al)(0) = (4.9 +/- 2.8) x 10(-6). The secondary minerals in this CAI formed 1.8-3.2 Ma after the primary CAI minerals. In both cases, the timing of secondary alteration is consistent with, but does not necessarily require, alteration in an asteroidal setting. One grossular from the type B2 CAI, and several grossular and secondary feldspar analyses from the compact type A CAI, have excesses of (26)Mg consistent with initial (26)Al/(27)Al similar to 4.5 x 10(-5). Especially in the compact type A CAI, where (26)Mg/(24)Mg in grossular correlates with increasing Al/Mg, these (26)Mg excesses are almost certainly due to in situ decay of (26)Al They indicate a nebular setting for formation of the grossular. The preservation of these diverse isotopic patterns indicates that heating on the Allende parent body was not pervasive enough to reset isotopic systematics of fine-grained secondary minerals. Secondary mineralization clearly was not restricted to a short time interval, and at least some alteration occurred coincident with CAI formation and melting events (chondrule formation) in the nebula. This observation supports the possibility that alteration followed by melting affected the compositional evolution of CAIs. C1 Waseda Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Fagan, TJ (reprint author), Waseda Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Shinjuku Ku, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. EM fagan@waseda.jp NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 1221 EP 1240 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 224UN UT WOS:000250472200012 ER PT J AU Bland, PA Stadermann, FJ Floss, C Rost, D Vicenzi, EP Kearsley, AT Benedix, GK AF Bland, Philip A. Stadermann, Frank J. Floss, Christine Rost, Detlef Vicenzi, Edward P. Kearsley, Anton T. Benedix, Gretchen K. TI A cornucopia of presolar and early solar system materials at the micrometer size range in primitive chondrite matrix SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; VOLATILE ELEMENTS; AGB STARS; METEORITES; ACFER-094; FRACTIONATION; SUPERNOVA; EVOLUTION; GRAPHITE; GRAINS AB We have used a variety of complementary microanalytical techniques to constrain the mineralogy, trace-element distributions, and. oxygen-isotopic compositions in a 50 x 50 mu m area of Acfer 094 matrix. The results reveal the exceptional mineralogical and compositional heterogeneity of this material at the sub-pm level. We observe mu m-scale and sub-pm grains with elemental associations suggesting feldspar, metal with widely varying Ni contents, and a Cr-Fe alloy (in addition to forsterite, pyroxene, sulfide, ferrihydrite, and amorphous groundmass previously described). A new class of mu m-scale CAI (mu CAI) is also observed, which show sub-tan compositional zoning, and a range of oxygen isotopic compositions. Unlike the larger CAIs in Acfer 094, which are uniformly O-16-enriched, two of the three mu CAIs we analyzed are isotopically normal. We also observed a Li-rich hotspot that detailed analysis by ToF-SIMS suggests may be a LiCr-oxide grain. Within the resolution of the NanoSIMS, this grain has isotopically normal Li. Finally, in our 50 x 50 pin area, we positively identified a presolar grain that is the most O-18-rich silicate found so far in meteorites. The grain may originate from an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star, or more likely, a supernova. In line with previous TEM studies (Greshake 1997), we find no evidence for clastic material (e.g., fragmental chondrules) in the matrix of Acfer 094: although the matrix is volatile-depleted, this depletion does not appear to result from dilution of a primordial starting material with (depleted) chondrule fragments. Assuming that matrix experienced the depletion event, our data on the detailed mineralogy of Acfer 094 are currently equivocal in constraining the nature of that event. We observe carrier phases for several elements consistent with conditions approaching equilibrium condensation; however, the presence of an amorphous groundmass is suggestive of more rapid cooling. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, IARC, London SW7 5BD, England. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Bland, PA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Impact & Astromat Res Ctr, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, S Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM p.a.bland@imperial.ac.uk OI Benedix, Gretchen/0000-0003-0990-8878 NR 42 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 1417 EP 1427 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 224UN UT WOS:000250472200024 ER PT J AU Bisson, IA Marra, PP Burtt, EH Sikaroodi, M Gillevet, PM AF Bisson, Isabelle-Anne Marra, Peter P. Burtt, Edward H., Jr. Sikaroodi, Masourneh Gillevet, Patrick M. TI A molecular comparison of plumage and soil bacteria across biogeographic, ecological, and taxonomic scales SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEATHER-DEGRADING BACTERIA; LENGTH HETEROGENEITY-PCR; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HUMIC LAKE; BIODIVERSITY; BIRDS; VARIABILITY; DISPERSAL; GRADIENT AB We used molecular methods to determine the microbial community of soil and avian plumage across biogeographic, ecological, and taxonomic scales. A total of 17 soil and 116 feather samples were collected from five avian species across multiple habitat types within one Neotropical and one temperate locality. Hypotheses regarding patterns of microbial composition relative to acquisition and dispersal of plumage bacteria in the ecosystem were tested by comparing microbial communities within and between soil and plumage. Samples from the plumage of American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) were collected across both habitat types and geographic scales for intraspecific comparisons. The microbial diversity in avian plumage was moderately diverse and was dominated by Pseudomonas species. Despite a highly significant individual bird effect on microbial composition of the plumage, we detected significant biogeographic and type of habitat effects. Pseudomonas species were more abundant on the temperate site when all avian species were included in the analysis, and Bacillus subtilis and Xanthomonas groups were more abundant on the Neotropical site for redstarts alone. However, 16S rDNA sequence libraries were not significantly different between Jamaican and Maryland redstarts. Biogeographic and habitat effects were significant and more pronounced for soil samples indicating lower dispersal of soil microbiota. We detected a significant difference between soil and plumage microbial communities suggesting that soil plays a small role in plumage bacterial acquisition. Our results suggest bacterial communities on the plumage of birds are dynamic and may change at different stages in a bird's annual cycle. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Ohio Wesleyan Univ, Dept Zool, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Bisson, IA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ibisson@princeton.edu NR 64 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 65 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s00248-006-9173-2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 193VT UT WOS:000248304000008 PM 17334855 ER PT J AU Dick, CW Bermingham, E Lemes, MR Gribel, R AF Dick, Christopher W. Bermingham, Eldredge Lemes, Maristerra R. Gribel, Rogerio TI Extreme long-distance dispersal of the lowland tropical rainforest tree Ceiba pentandra L. (Malvaceae) in Africa and the Neotropics SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community assembly; long-distance dispersal; molecular clocks; phylogeography; tropical trees; vicariance ID HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; GENE FLOW; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; RAPID DIVERSIFICATION; DNA PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MATING SYSTEM; WEST-AFRICA; CHLOROPLAST; MITOCHONDRIAL AB Many tropical tree species occupy continental expanses of rainforest and flank dispersal barriers such as oceans and mountains. The role of long-distance dispersal in establishing the range of such species is poorly understood. In this study, we test vicariance hypotheses for range disjunctions in the rainforest tree Ceiba pentandra, which is naturally widespread across equatorial Africa and the Neotropics. Approximate molecular clocks were applied to nuclear ribosomal [ITS (internal transcribed spacer)] and chloroplast (psbB-psbF) spacer DNA sampled from 12 Neotropical and five West African populations. The ITS (N = 5) and psbB-psbF (N = 2) haplotypes exhibited few nucleotide differences, and ITS and psbB-psbF haplotypes were shared by populations on both continents. The low levels of nucleotide divergence falsify vicariance explanations for transatlantic and cross-Andean range disjunctions. The study shows how extreme long-distance dispersal, via wind or marine currents, creates taxonomic similarities in the plant communities of Africa and the Neotropics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol & Herbarium, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948 APO, Miami, FL 34002 USA. Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Lab Genet & Biol Reprod Plantas, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Dick, CW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol & Herbarium, 830 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cwdick@umich.edu RI Dick, Christopher/A-8744-2008; Gribel, Rogerio/C-5392-2013 OI Gribel, Rogerio/0000-0002-0850-5578 NR 72 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 16 IS 14 BP 3039 EP 3049 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03341.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 186CR UT WOS:000247757200021 PM 17614916 ER PT J AU Kerr, KCR Stoeckle, MY Dove, CJ Weigt, LA Francis, CM Hebert, PDN AF Kerr, Kevin C. R. Stoeckle, Mark Y. Dove, Carla J. Weigt, Lee A. Francis, Charles M. Hebert, Paul D. N. TI Comprehensive DNA barcode coverage of North American birds SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Aves; cryptic species; cytochrome c oxidase; DNA barcoding; intraspecific mitochondrial variation; selective sweeps ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZES; ANIMAL MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; CONSERVATION; SPECIATION; PROMISE; LIMITS AB DNA barcoding seeks to assemble a standardized reference library for DNA-based identification of eukaryotic species. The utility and limitations of this approach need to be tested on well-characterized taxonomic assemblages. Here we provide a comprehensive DNA barcode analysis for North American birds including 643 species representing 93% of the breeding and pelagic avifauna of the USA and Canada. Most (94%) species possess distinct barcode clusters, with average neighbour-joining bootstrap support of 98%. In the remaining 6%, barcode clusters correspond to small sets of closely related species, most of which hybridize regularly. Fifteen (2%) currently recognized species are comprised of two distinct barcode clusters, many of which may represent cryptic species. Intraspecific variation is weakly related to census population size and species age. This study confirms that DNA barcoding can be effectively applied across the geographical and taxonomic expanse of North American birds. The consistent finding of constrained intraspecific mitochondrial variation in this large assemblage of species supports the emerging view that selective sweeps limit mitochondrial diversity. C1 Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Rockefeller Univ, Program Human Environm, New York, NY 10021 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. RP Kerr, KCR (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM kkerr@uoguelph.ca RI Stoeckle, Mark/D-3729-2011; Kerr, Kevin/B-8510-2013; Hebert, Paul/C-4161-2013 OI Kerr, Kevin/0000-0002-6784-3884; Hebert, Paul/0000-0002-3081-6700 NR 53 TC 245 Z9 289 U1 8 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01670.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 186DA UT WOS:000247758100001 ER PT J AU Hulcr, J Miller, SE Setliff, GP Darrow, K Mueller, ND Hebert, PDN Weiblen, GD AF Hulcr, Jiri Miller, Scott E. Setliff, Gregory P. Darrow, Karolyn Mueller, Nathaniel D. Hebert, Paul D. N. Weiblen, George D. TI DNA barcoding confirms polyphagy in a generalist moth, Homona mermerodes (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE barcoding; Homona mermerodes; host specificity; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae ID NEW-GUINEA; SPECIES DELIMITATION; ASTRAPTES-FULGERATOR; HOST-SPECIFICITY; RAIN-FOREST; SEQUENCES; INSECTS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; COLEOPTERA AB Recent DNA barcoding of generalist insect herbivores has revealed complexes of cryptic species within named species. We evaluated the species concept for a common generalist moth occurring in New Guinea and Australia, Homona mermerodes, in light of host plant records and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I haplotype diversity. Genetic divergence among H. mermerodes moths feeding on different host tree species was much lower than among several Homona species. Genetic divergence between haplotypes from New Guinea and Australia was also less than interspecific divergence. Whereas molecular species identification methods may reveal cryptic species in some generalist herbivores, these same methods may confirm polyphagy when identical haplotypes are reared from multiple host plant families. A lectotype for the species is designated, and a summarized bibliography and illustrations including male genitalia are provided for the first time. C1 Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. St Olaf Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Weiblen, GD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum Nat Hist, 220 Biol Sci Ctr,1445 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM gweiblen@umn.edu RI Mueller, Nathaniel/E-5864-2010; Hebert, Paul/C-4161-2013; OI Hebert, Paul/0000-0002-3081-6700; Setliff, Gregory/0000-0002-1853-0232; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 NR 52 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUL PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 549 EP 557 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01786.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 186DA UT WOS:000247758100003 ER PT J AU Verbruggen, H Leliaert, F Maggs, CA Shimada, S Schils, T Provan, J Booth, D Murphy, S De Clerck, O Littler, DS Littler, MM Coppejans, E AF Verbruggen, Heroen Leliaert, Frederik Maggs, Christine A. Shimada, Satoshi Schils, Tom Provan, Jim Booth, David Murphy, Sue De Clerck, Olivier Littler, Diane S. Littler, Mark M. Coppejans, Eric TI Species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships within the green algal genus Codium (Bryopsidales) based on plastid DNA sequences SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE benthic marine algae; codium; marine biogeography; molecular clock rooting; morphological evolution; outgroup rooting; phylogenetic; bias; phylogeny; rbcL; species delimitation; taxonomy ID FRAGILE SSP TOMENTOSOIDES; LONG-BRANCH ATTRACTION; HALIMEDA BRYOPSIDALES; INDIAN-OCEAN; CORAL-REEFS; PROPAGULE DISPERSAL; COVARIOTIDE MODEL; MACROALGAL BLOOMS; SOUTH-AFRICA; CHLOROPHYTA AB Despite the potential model role of the green algal genus Codium for studies of marine speciation and evolution, there have been difficulties with species delimitation and a molecular phylogenetic framework was lacking. In the present study, 74 evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) are delimited using 227 rbcL exon 1 sequences obtained from specimens collected throughout the genus' range. Several morpho-species were shown to be poorly defined, with some clearly in need of lumping and others containing pseudo-cryptic diversity. A phylogenetic hypothesis of 72 Codium ESUs is inferred from rbcL exon 1 and rps3-rp/16 sequence data using a conventional nucleotide substitution model (GTR + Gamma + I), a codon position model and a covariotide (covarion) model, and the fit of a multitude of substitution models and alignment partitioning strategies to the sequence data is reported. Molecular clock tree rooting was carried out because out-group rooting was probably affected by phylogenetic bias. Several aspects of the evolution of morphological features of Codium are discussed and the inferred phylogenetic hypothesis is used as a framework to study the biogeography of the genus, both at a global scale and within the Indian Ocean. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ghent, Phycol Res Grp, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Ghent, Ctr Mol Phylogenet & Evolut, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Natl Herbarium, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Verbruggen, H (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Phycol Res Grp, Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM heroen.verbruggen@ugent.be RI Leliaert, Frederik/A-9162-2009; Verbruggen, Heroen/C-6951-2009; De Clerck, Olivier/A-9083-2010; Schils, Tom/A-7087-2008; OI Leliaert, Frederik/0000-0002-4627-7318; Verbruggen, Heroen/0000-0002-6305-4749; De Clerck, Olivier/0000-0002-3699-8402; Schils, Tom/0000-0002-1516-9082; Maggs, Christine/0000-0003-0495-7064 NR 89 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 240 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.01.009 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 184ZP UT WOS:000247681400020 PM 17346993 ER PT J AU Songsasen, N Spindler, RE Wildt, DE AF Songsasen, N. Spindler, R. E. Wildt, D. E. TI Requirement for, and patterns of, pyruvate and glutamine metabolism in the domestic dog oocyte in vitro SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE canine oocyte; nuclear maturation; energy substrate; metabolism ID CANINE OOCYTES; NUCLEAR MATURATION; MEIOTIC COMPETENCE; DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE; ENERGY-METABOLISM; SPERM PENETRATION; BOVINE OOCYTES; BITCH OOCYTES; REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES; MOUSE OOCYTES AB Supplementation of energy substrates to culture medium is essential for resumption and completion of meiosis in vitro for many mammalian species. Objectives were to study the dog oocyte, specifically the influences of pyruvate and glutamine on maturation and the utilization of these two substrates at various developmental stages and incubation times. Ovarian oocytes (n=681) were obtained from spayed bitches and cultured for 48 hr in TCM 199 medium containing various concentrations of pyruvate (0-2.5 mM) and glutamine (0-4 mM) before being assessed for nuclear status. For analyzing metabolic activity, 259 dog oocytes were cultured for 0, 12, 24, 36, or 48 hr, assessed for pyruvate and glutamine metabolism using the hanging drop method and then evaluated for nuclear status. Neither pyruvate nor glutamine had influence (P > 0.05) on oocyte maturation in vitro (IVM). However, both culture interval and meiotic status influenced pyruvate uptake (P < 0.05). Specifically, pyruvate uptake declined as the oocyte progressed from the germinal vesicle (GV) to metaphase II (MII) stage. Glutamine oxidation decreased as culture duration progressed (P < 0.05). In summary, pyruvate or glutamine is not required to promote successful IVM of dog oocytes. But, both substrates are being metabolized, and in patterns different to the domestic cat, another carnivore species. Pyruvate played an important role earlier in the maturational process, and less glutamine was oxidized as the oocyte neared nuclear maturation. These variations emphasize the importance of defining species specificities in carnivores before expecting consistently successful IVM/IVF. C1 Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Toronto Zoo, Reprod Program, Scarborough, ON, Canada. RP Songsasen, N (reprint author), Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Reprod Sci, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM songsasenn@si.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [1K01 RR0230564-01, K01 RR020564-02] NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1040-452X EI 1098-2795 J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 74 IS 7 BP 870 EP 877 DI 10.1002/mrd.20667 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 173RI UT WOS:000246889800009 PM 17186552 ER PT J AU Jonker, PG Zand, JJMI Mendez, M van der Klis, M AF Jonker, P. G. Zand, J. J. M. in't Mendez, M. van der Klis, M. TI Detection of a 1258-Hz high-amplitude kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillation in the ultracompact X-ray binary 1A 1246-588 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : close; stars : individual : 1A 1246-588; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID 4U 1608-52; COHERENCE; COLORS AB We have observed the ultracompact low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 1 A 1246-588 with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). In this paper we report the discovery of a kilohertz quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) in IA 1246-588. The kilohertz QPO was only detected when the source was in a soft high-flux state reminiscent of the lower banana branch in atoll sources. Only one kilohertz QPO peak is detected at a relatively high frequency of 1258 2 Hz and at a single trial significance of more than 7 sigma. Kilohertz QPOs with a higher frequency have only been found on two occasions in 4U 0614+09. Furthermore, the frequency is higher than that found for the lower kilohertz QPO in any source, strongly suggesting that the QPO is the upper of the kilohertz QPO pair often found in LMXBs. The full width at half-maximum is 25 4 Hz, making the coherence the highest found for an upper kilohertz QPO. From a distance estimate of approximate to 6 kpc from a radius expansion burst we derive that IA 1246-588 is at a persistent flux of approximate to 0.2-0.3 per cent of the Eddington flux, hence 1A 1246-588 is one of the weakest LMXBs for which a kilohertz QPO has been detected. The rms amplitude in the 560 keV band is 27 +/- 3 per cent; this is the highest for any kilohertz QPO source so far, in line with the general anticorrelation between source luminosity and rms amplitude of the kilohertz QPO peak identified before. Using the X-ray spectral information we produce a colour-colour diagram. The source behaviour in this diagram provides further evidence for the atoll nature of the source. C1 SRON, Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Utrecht, Inst Astron, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Jonker, PG (reprint author), SRON, Inst Space Res, Sobonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM p.jonker@sron.nl RI Mendez, Mariano/C-8011-2012 OI Mendez, Mariano/0000-0003-2187-2708 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 3 BP 1187 EP 1190 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11854.x PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 193JN UT WOS:000248270400037 ER PT J AU Gardullo, P AF Gardullo, Paul TI 'Just keeps rollin' along': rebellions, revolts and radical black memories of slavery in the 1930s SO PATTERNS OF PREJUDICE LA English DT Article DE Aaron Douglas; African-American history and culture; Black Atlantic; C. L. R. James; Jacob Lawrence; Marxism; memory; race; slavery; W. E. B. Du Bois AB Gardullo examines the ways in which a collection of black intellectuals, activists and artists created a space and a new language for renegotiating their relationship to slavery in the 1930s. He particularly focuses on the intertwined nature of history writing, visual art and public performances through the words and works of W E. B. Du Bois, C. L. R. James, Paul Robeson, Aaron Douglas and Jacob Lawrence, in order to demonstrate the centrality of art to politics and history during this period. Buoyed by political, social and theoretical interventions from Marxism and political organizations on the left, these actors attempted to transform the cultural memory of slavery from one of trauma to one of not only emancipatory but also revolutionary potential. By breaking with racist conceptions of the past that dominated the mainstream media as well as by challenging the limits of the left for not fully addressing the role of race in shaping the American past and present, they emphatically asserted a version of the slave past that foregrounded black agency in revolutionary terms. Moreover, they also simultaneously delineated the deep structural ties between the development of capitalism and the birth of modern conceptions of freedom, and the growth of slavery, confronting what had up to then been unquestioned ideas about progress and historical change. C1 Smithsonian Inst Natl Museum Amer Hist, Off Curatorial Affairs, Washington, DC USA. RP Gardullo, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Natl Museum Amer Hist, Off Curatorial Affairs, Washington, DC USA. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0031-322X J9 PATTERNS PREJUDICE JI Patterns Prejudice PD JUL-SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 301 DI 10.1080/00313220701431427 PG 31 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary; Ethnic Studies SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics; Ethnic Studies GA 199RB UT WOS:000248711800003 ER PT J AU Neale, PJ Helbling, EW Day, TA AF Neale, Patrick J. Helbling, E. Walter Day, Thomas A. TI Symposium-in-print: UV effects in aquatic and terrestrial environments - Introduction SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Estac Fotobiol Playa Union, Chubut, Argentina. Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Neale, PJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM nealep@si.edu RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 83 IS 4 BP 775 EP 776 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00176.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 197EK UT WOS:000248537200001 ER PT J AU Tzortziou, M Osburn, CL Neale, PJ AF Tzortziou, Maria Osburn, Christopher L. Neale, Patrick J. TI Photobleaching of dissolved organic material from a tidal marsh-estuarine system of the Chesapeake Bay SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Photobiology CY JUL, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP Amer Soc Photobiol ID RHODE RIVER ESTUARY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION; BRACKISH MARSHES; COASTAL WATERS; NATURAL-WATERS; QUANTUM YIELD; MATTER; CARBON AB Wetlands and tidal marshes in the Rhode River estuary of the Chesapeake Bay act as important sources of dissolved organic carbon and strongly absorbing dissolved organic matter (DOM) for adjacent estuarine waters. The effects of solar exposure on the photochemical degradation of colored DOM (CDOM) were examined for material derived from different sources (estuarine and freshwater parts of the Rhode River, sub-watershed stream, marshes) in this estuarine ecosystem. Consistent with changes in fluorescence emission, absorption loss upon exposure to different portions of the solar spectrum (i.e. different long-pass cut-off filters) occurred across the entire spectrum but the wavelength of maximum photobleaching decreased as the cut-off wavelength of the filter decreased. Our results illustrate that solar exposure can cause either an increase or a decrease in the CDOM absorption spectral slope, S(CDOM), depending on the spectral quality of irradiation and, thus, on the parameters (e.g. atmospheric composition, concentration of UV-absorbing water constituents) that affect the spectral characteristics of the light to which CDOM is exposed. We derived a simple spectral model for describing the effects of solar exposure on CDOM optical quality. The model accurately, and consistently, predicted the observed dependence of CDOM photobleaching on the spectral quality of solar exposure. C1 Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Tzortziou, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM martz@snarktoo.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012; OI Osburn, Christopher/0000-0002-9334-4202 NR 52 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 83 IS 4 BP 782 EP 792 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00142.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 197EK UT WOS:000248537200003 PM 17645648 ER PT J AU Ates, C Pohl, T Pattard, T Rost, JM AF Ates, C. Pohl, T. Pattard, T. Rost, J. M. TI Many-body theory of excitation dynamics in an ultracold Rydberg gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMS AB We develop a theoretical approach for the dynamics of Rydberg excitations in ultracold gases,with a realistically large number of atoms. We rely on the reduction of the single-atom Bloch equations to rate equations, which is possible under various experimentally relevant conditions. Here, we explicitly refer to a two-step excitation scheme. We discuss the conditions under which our approach is valid by comparing the results with the solution of the exact quantum master equation for two interacting atoms. Concerning the emergence of an excitation blockade in a Rydberg gas, our results are in qualitative agreement with experiment. Possible sources of quantitative discrepancy are carefully examined. Based on the two-step excitation scheme, we predict the occurrence of an antiblockade effect and propose possible ways to detect this excitation enhancement experimentally in an optical lattice, as well as in the gas phase. C1 Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pattard, T (reprint author), APS Editorial Off, 1 Res Rd, New York, NY 11961 USA. RI Pohl, Thomas/B-5133-2013; OI Pattard, Thomas/0000-0002-2276-5173; Rost, Jan M./0000-0002-8306-1743 NR 25 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 013413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.013413 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 196ML UT WOS:000248486600131 ER PT J AU Wang, T Javanainen, J Yelin, SF AF Wang, T. Javanainen, J. Yelin, S. F. TI Supercurrents in an atom-molecule gas in an optical ring lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; PERSISTENT CURRENTS; FLUX-QUANTIZATION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PHOTOASSOCIATION; RESONANCES; SUPERFLUID; INSULATOR; SINGLE; LOOP AB Atom and molecule currents in a Fermi gas in the neighborhood of a Feshbach resonance are studied in a one-dimensional optical ring lattice by directly diagonalizing small models. A rotational analogy of flux quantization is used to show that fraction of the current is carried by particles with twice the mass of an atom, which suggests pairing and superfluidity. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Javanainen, Juha/B-7350-2008 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 011601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.011601 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 196ML UT WOS:000248486600009 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Yan, ZC Vrinceanu, D Babb, JF Sadeghpour, HR AF Zhang, J.-Y. Yan, Z.-C. Vrinceanu, D. Babb, J. F. Sadeghpour, H. R. TI Accurate long-range coefficients for two excited like isotope He atoms: He(2 P-1)-He(2 P-1), He(2 P-1)-He(2 P-3), and He(2 P-3)-He(2 P-3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; NP-NP AB A general formalism is used to express the long-range potential energies in inverse powers of the separation distance between two like atomic or molecular systems with P symmetries. The long-range molecular interaction coefficients are calculated for the molecular symmetries Delta, Pi, and Sigma, arising from the following interactions: He(2 P-1)-He(2 P-1), He(2 P-1)-He(2 P-3), and He(2 P-3)-He(2 P-3). The electric quadrupole-quadrupole term C-5, the van der Waals (dispersion) term C-6, and higher-order terms C-8 and C-10 are calculated ab initio using accurate variational wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates with finite nuclear mass effects. A comparison is made with previously published results where available. C1 Charles Darwin Univ, Fac Technol, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. Shanghai Normal Univ, Shanghai United Ctr Astrophys, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zhang, JY (reprint author), Charles Darwin Univ, Fac Technol, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. RI Yan, Zong-Chao/F-6668-2014 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 1 AR 012723 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.012723 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 196ML UT WOS:000248486600111 ER PT J AU Chang, DE Sorensen, AS Hemmer, PR Lukin, MD AF Chang, D. E. Sorensen, A. S. Hemmer, P. R. Lukin, M. D. TI Strong coupling of single emitters to surface plasmons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUBWAVELENGTH-DIAMETER SILICA; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; WAVE-GUIDES; QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; SILVER NANOWIRES; NOBLE-METALS; CAVITY; COMMUNICATION; NANOPARTICLES; TRANSMISSION AB We propose a method that enables strong, coherent coupling between individual optical emitters and electromagnetic excitations in conducting nanostructures. The excitations are optical plasmons that can be localized to subwavelength dimensions. Under realistic conditions, the tight confinement causes optical emission to be almost entirely directed into the propagating plasmon modes via a mechanism analogous to cavity quantum electrodynamics. We first illustrate this result for the case of a nanowire, before considering the optimized geometry of a nanotip. We describe an application of this technique involving efficient single-photon generation on demand, in which the plasmons are efficiently outcoupled to a dielectric waveguide. Finally, we analyze the effects of increased scattering due to surface roughness on these nanostructures. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Texas A&M Univ, Elect Engn Dept, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chang, DE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Sorensen, Anders/L-1868-2013 OI Sorensen, Anders/0000-0003-1337-9163 NR 54 TC 193 Z9 196 U1 15 U2 85 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 035420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.035420 PG 26 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 196RX UT WOS:000248500800140 ER PT J AU Kocsis, B Haiman, Z Menou, K Frei, Z AF Kocsis, Bence Haiman, Zoltan Menou, Kristen Frei, Zsolt TI Premerger localization of gravitational-wave standard sirens with LISA: Harmonic mode decomposition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; TESTING GENERAL-RELATIVITY; MERGER HISTORY; COMPACT BINARIES; SPECTROSCOPY; ECCENTRICITY; COUNTERPARTS; RADIATION; GALAXIES; FORMS AB The continuous improvement in localization errors (sky position and distance) in real time as LISA observes the gradual inspiral of a supermassive black hole binary can be of great help in identifying any prompt electromagnetic counterpart associated with the merger. We develop a new method, based on a Fourier decomposition of the time-dependent, LISA-modulated gravitational-wave signal, to study this intricate problem. The method is faster than standard Monte Carlo simulations by orders of magnitude. By surveying the parameter space of potential LISA sources, we find that counterparts to supermassive black hole binary mergers with total mass M similar to 10(5)-10(7)M and redshifts z less than or similar to 3 can be localized to within the field of view of astronomical instruments (similar to deg(2)) typically hours to weeks prior to coalescence. This will allow a triggered search for variable electromagnetic counterparts as the merger proceeds, as well as monitoring of the most energetic coalescence phase. A rich set of astrophysical and cosmological applications would emerge from the identification of electromagnetic counterparts to these gravitational-wave standard sirens. C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kocsis, B (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Phys, Pazmany PS 1-A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. RI Kocsis, Bence/C-3061-2013 OI Kocsis, Bence/0000-0002-4865-7517 NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 022003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.022003 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 197HM UT WOS:000248545200004 ER PT J AU Harris, TR Chapman, CA AF Harris, Tara R. Chapman, Colin A. TI Variation in diet and ranging of black and white colobus monkeys in Kibale National Park, Uganda SO PRIMATES LA English DT Article DE home range; temporal and spatial variation; comparative studies; Kibale National Park; diet ID GROUP-SIZE; RED COLOBUS; ECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; POSITIONAL BEHAVIOR; KAKAMEGA FOREST; SOCIAL-FACTORS; PRIMATES; PATTERNS; COMPETITION; POPULATION AB Recently, considerable intraspecific variation in the diets and ranging behavior of colobine monkeys has been described, although in most cases this has involved documenting variation between, not within, sites. Some African colobines, such as guerezas (Colobus guereza), are relatively abundant in disturbed habitats that are very heterogeneous, raising the intriguing possibility that even groups with overlapping home ranges may exhibit large behavioral differences. If such differences occur, it will be important to understand what temporal and spatial scales adequately portray a species' or population's diet and ranging behavior. This study documents within-site variation in the diet and ranging behavior of guerezas in the habitat types in which they are described to be most successful-forest edge and regenerating forest. We collected data on eight groups of guerezas with overlapping home ranges for 3-5 months each in Kibale National Park, Uganda. The guerezas were highly folivorous, with leaves constituting 78.5-94.0% of the groups' diets. The percentage of mature leaves and fruit in the diet varied widely among and within groups. We show that differences among groups in the intensity with which they fed on specific tree species were not just related to phenology, but also to differences in the forest compositions of groups' core areas. Range size estimates varied more than fivefold among groups and the minimum distance from groups' core areas to eucalyptus forest (which all groups regularly fed in) was a better predictor of range size than was group size. These results reveal considerable variation in the diet and ranging behavior among groups with overlapping ranges and have implications for comparative studies, investigations of within- and between-group feeding competition, and the potential for populations to adapt to anthropogenic or natural environmental change. C1 Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Primatol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. McGill Univ, Sch Environm, Dept Anthropol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. RP Harris, TR (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Primatol, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. EM taraharris1@juno.com NR 64 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 56 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0032-8332 J9 PRIMATES JI Primates PD JUL PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 208 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s10329-006-0036-8 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 182TZ UT WOS:000247528200005 PM 17429575 ER PT J AU Kjar, DS Sunian, TW AF Kjar, Daniel S. Sunian, Theodore W. TI First records of invasion by the myrmicine Japanese ant Vollenhovia emeryi W. M. Wheeler (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in the United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Vollenhovia emeryi W. M. Wheeler; introduced species; alien; Japanese ant ID ANOPLOLEPIS-GRACILIPES; ARTHROPOD-COMMUNITY; ARGENTINE ANT; FIRE ANT; IMPACT AB Vollenhovia emeryi W. M. Wheeler was found at two sites over 2 yr in the Dyke Marsh Preserve, part of the George Washington Memorial Parkway, a National Park in Fairfax County, Virginia. This ant was also found at two locations along the shore of the Potomac River in Maryland: Fort Washington National Park, Prince George's County, and Glen Echo Park, Montgomery County. These are the first records for their respective states. A live colony of V eineryi was collected from the campus of Georgetown University in the District of Columbia and is maintained at the Smithsonian Institution. Previous records for this ant in the United States are: Rock Creek Park, a National Park in the District of Columbia (1986), and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1993). These records indicate that this species has spread beyond areas of its initial introduction. This ant species may have entered the U.S. with imported Japanese cherry trees in the District of Columbia, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. C1 Elmira Coll, Div Math & Nat Sci, Elmira, NY 14901 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kjar, DS (reprint author), Elmira Coll, Div Math & Nat Sci, 1 Pk Pl, Elmira, NY 14901 USA. EM dkjar@elmira.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 596 EP 604 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 185IA UT WOS:000247703400008 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR AF Mawdsley, Jonathan R. TI Comments on the conservation status of the tiger beetle Cicindela ancocisconensis T. W. Harris (Coleoptera : Carabidae : Cicindelinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mawdsley@heinzctr.org NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 721 EP 724 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 185IA UT WOS:000247703400022 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR AF Mawdsley, Jonathan R. TI A new county record for the tiger beetle Cicindela patruela Dejean (Coleoptera : Carabidae : Cicindelinae) from West Virginia, with notes on habitat and other upland tiger beetle species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mawdsley@heinzctr.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 725 EP 726 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 185IA UT WOS:000247703400023 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR AF Mawdsley, Jonathan R. TI A new Maryland record for Cicindela splendida Hentz (Coleoptera : Carabidae : Cicindelinae), with notes on taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mawdsley@heinzctr.org NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 727 EP 729 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 185IA UT WOS:000247703400024 ER PT J AU Flint, OS AF Flint, Oliver S., Jr. TI Synonymy of some eastern north American species of Apatania (Trichoptera : Apatamidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Flint, OS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM flinto@si.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 109 IS 3 BP 739 EP 740 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 185IA UT WOS:000247703400030 ER PT J AU Gomendio, M Malo, AF Garde, J Roldan, ERS AF Gomendio, Montserrat Malo, Aurelio F. Garde, Julian Roldan, Eduardo R. S. TI Sperm traits and male fertility in natural populations SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Spermatology CY SEP, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Soc Reproduct & Fertil ID GUPPY POECILIA-RETICULATA; EXTRA-PAIR COPULATIONS; RUTTING RED DEER; SEX-RATIO; EJACULATE QUALITY; Y-CHROMOSOME; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; MAMMALIAN SPERMATOZOA; PRIMARY DETERMINANT AB Male fertility has seldom been studied in natural populations because it has been assumed that strong selection would result in uniformly high values among males, and therefore mating success has been equated with fertilisation success. In contrast, male fertility has received much attention in studies of domestic livestock, where economic benefits rely on improving productivity, and in human infertility studies, where the efficiency of treatments depends on understanding which ejaculate traits explain reproductive failures and predict success at assisted conception. Despite years of efforts, no conclusive results have been obtained, probably because such studies have focused on opposite extremes of the range with little variation: domestic livestock have often been subject to strong artificial selection for high fertility, and human patients requiring treatment have compromised fertility. Recent findings from natural populations of red deer have shown that males differ markedly in their fertility, and have revealed the degree of variation found in different semen traits, both between and within males. Fertility trials have shown that male fertility is determined mainly by sperm swimming speed and the proportion of normal sperm, when sperm numbers are kept constant. Sperm design exerts a strong influence on sperm swimming speed, with faster swimming sperm having elongated heads, shorter midpieces and a longer principal plus terminal pieces in relation to total flagellum length. Thus, the large inter-male variation in sperm design found among natural populations underlies differences in sperm swimming speed which, in turn, determine differences in male fertility rates. Secondary sexual characters are honest indicators of male fertility, so males with large and elaborated antlers have larger testes and faster swimming sperm. Testosterone does not seem to mediate the relationship between antler size and semen quality, since it is associated with sperm production, but not with sperm quality or antler size. Finally, more fertile males produce a greater proportion of sons, who will inherit the semen traits which will enhance their fertility. C1 CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Ecol Evolutiva, Grp Ecol & Biol Reprod, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Castilla La Mancha, Comunidades Castilla La Mancha, CSIC, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, Albacete 02071, Spain. RP Gomendio, M (reprint author), CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Ecol Evolutiva, Grp Ecol & Biol Reprod, C Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM montseg@mncn.csic.es RI Malo, Aurelio/D-3973-2011; Garde, Julian/O-5607-2015; Evolutionary Ecology, Ecologia Evolutiva/M-3553-2014 OI Malo, Aurelio/0000-0002-0846-2096; Garde, Julian/0000-0002-3667-6518; NR 87 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 35 PU BIO SCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD JUL PY 2007 VL 134 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1530/REP-07-0143 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 199VA UT WOS:000248722100003 PM 17641085 ER PT J AU DiMichele, WA Chaney, DS Nelson, WJ Lucas, SG Looy, CV Quick, K Jun, W AF DiMichele, William A. Chaney, Dan S. Nelson, W. John Lucas, Spencer G. Looy, Cindy V. Quick, Karen Jun, Wang TI A low diversity, seasonal tropical landscape dominated by conifers and peltasperms: Early Permian Abo Formation, New Mexico SO REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Walchia; Supaia; paleoecology; Perrman; New Mexico; diversity ID PALEOBOTANY; PALYNOLOGY; TEXAS; SEDIMENTOLOGY; STRATIGRAPHY; ARCHITECTURE; FLORAS; PLANTS; USA AB Walchian conifers (Walchia piniformis Sternberg, 1825) and peltasperms similar to Supaia thinnfeldioides White and cf. Supaia anomala White dominate floodplain deposits of a narrow stratigraphic interval of the middle Abo Formation, Lower Permian of central New Mexico. The plant fossils occur in thinly bedded units up to two meters thick, consisting of coarse siltstone to very fine sandstone with clay partings. Bedding is primarily tabular, thin, and bears rare ripple marks and trough cross beds. Bedding surfaces display mud cracks, raindrop imprints, horizontal and vertical burrows of invertebrates, and footprints of terrestrial vertebrates. These features indicate intermittent and generally unchannelized stream flow, with repeated exposure to air. Channels appear to have cannibalized one another on a slowly subsiding coastal plain. Conifers are dominant at three collecting sites and at three others Supaia dominates. Although each of these genera occurs in assemblages dominated by the other, there are no truly co-dominant assemblages. This pattern suggests alternative explanations. Landscapes could have consisted of a small-scale vegetational patchwork dominated almost monospecifically in any one patch, meaning that these plants could have coexisted across the landscape. On the other hand, conifer and supaioid dominance could have been temporally distinct, occurring during different episodes of sedimentation; although in the field there are no noticeable sedimentological differences between conifer-dominated and Supaia-dominated channel deposits, they may represent slightly different climatic regimes. The considerable morphological differences between conifers and Supaia suggest that the floristic patterns are not a taphonomic effect of the loss of a significant part of the original biodiversity. In general, the climate under which this vegetation developed appears to have been relatively warm and and, based on the geology (pervasive red color [oxidation], calcrete in paleosols, and abundant mud cracks evidencing ephemeral flow in streams) and biology (low floristic diversity, xeromorphic plant physiognomies). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Museum Nat Hist, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geol & Palaeontol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. RP DiMichele, WA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM dimichel@si.edu RI DiMichele, William/K-4301-2012 NR 67 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0034-6667 J9 REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO JI Rev. Palaeobot. Palynology PD JUL PY 2007 VL 145 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.11.003 PG 25 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA 186IK UT WOS:000247772200005 ER PT J AU Samper, C AF Samper, Cristian TI From the castle - Life on the Web SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Samper, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD JUL PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 183DS UT WOS:000247553500013 ER PT J AU Allison, VJ Condron, LM Peltzer, DA Richardson, SJ Turner, BL AF Allison, V. J. Condron, L. M. Peltzer, D. A. Richardson, S. J. Turner, B. L. TI Changes in enzyme activities and soil microbial community composition along carbon and nutrient gradients at the Franz Josef chronosequence, New Zealand SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE activity; biomass; community; efficiency; enzyme; phosphorus; PLFA ID FATTY-ACID ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTH WESTLAND; ECOLOGICAL STOICHIOMETRY; PRIMARY SUCCESSION; FOREST SOILS; RAIN-FOREST; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; LIMITATION AB During primary succession, the abundance of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil increases, while phosphorus (P) declines. These changes in nutrient concentrations in organic matter are likely to play an important role in controlling enzyme-mediated nutrient mineralization. We examined how enzyme activity and efficiency changed with successional time in organic and mineral soils taken from the 120000-year-old Franz Josef soil development sequence, New Zealand, and the relationship between enzyme activity and efficiency and soil nutrient concentrations. We found that the activity of enzymes involved in P mineralization increased with site age across the Franz Josef chronosequence, while the activity of enzymes regulating C and N mineralization declined in organic but not mineral soil. Sulfatase activity peaked at an intermediate-aged site, possibly indicating a transient period of S limitation. The activity of phosphatase enzymes was negatively correlated with the concentration of P in the soil, whereas activity of C-, N- and S-hydrolyzing enzymes was not strongly dependent on nutrient concentrations. When assessed as efficiency (activity per unit microbial biomass), there were strong patterns of increasing efficiency of P-, and decreasing efficiency of C- and N-hydrolyzing enzymes with site age. We suggest that activity patterns for C-, N- and S-hydrolyzing enzymes were obscured by simultaneous and opposing changes in enzyme efficiency and microbial biomass. In mineral soil, efficiency of enzymes was negatively correlated with soil nutrient availability. In contrast, in organic soil, efficiency of C-, N- and S-hydrolyzing enzymes was positively correlated with soil P, while efficiency of P-hydrolyzing enzymes was negatively correlated with soil P. The increase in efficiency of P-hydrolyzing enzymes, and decrease in efficiency of C-, N- and S-hydrolyzing enzymes with site age was accompanied by a shift in microbial community composition towards higher relative abundances of fungi. Changes in enzyme efficiency with site age are likely to be due to both constitutive differences in enzyme production, and down-regulation of enzyme expression. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lincoln Univ, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand. Landcare Res, Canterbury 7640, New Zealand. Landcare Res, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Condron, LM (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, POB 84, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand. EM condronl@lincoln.ac.nz RI Peltzer, Duane/A-9463-2009; Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Condron, Leo/E-9458-2013; Richardson, Sarah/D-3353-2015 OI Peltzer, Duane/0000-0001-7724-3738; Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Richardson, Sarah/0000-0002-4097-0381 NR 60 TC 95 Z9 126 U1 11 U2 96 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1770 EP 1781 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.02.006 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 170AQ UT WOS:000246633700039 ER PT J AU Molella, AP AF Molella, Arthur P. TI How invention begins: Echoes of old voices in the rise of new machines. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Lemelson Ctr Study Invent & Innovat, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Molella, AP (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Lemelson Ctr Study Invent & Innovat, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 637 EP 638 DI 10.1353/tech.2007.0119 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 194BW UT WOS:000248319900024 ER PT J AU Kidwell, PA AF Kidwell, Peggy Aldrich TI Colossus: The secrets of Bletchley Park's codebreaking computers. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kidwell, PA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 663 EP 664 DI 10.1353/tech.2007.0112 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 194BW UT WOS:000248319900040 ER PT J AU Ceruzzi, PE AF Ceruzzi, Paul E. TI This is only a test: how Washington DC prepared for nuclear war. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Space Hist Div, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ceruzzi, PE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Space Hist Div, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X EI 1097-3729 J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 664 EP 666 DI 10.1353/tech.2007.0098 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 194BW UT WOS:000248319900041 ER PT J AU Chuei, JY Asa, CS Hall-Woods, M Ballou, J Traylor-Holzer, K AF Chuei, Jason Y. Asa, Cheryl S. Hall-Woods, Monica Ballou, Jonathon Traylor-Holzer, Kathy TI Restoration of reproductive potential after expiration or removal of melengestrol acetate contraceptive implants in tigers (Panthera tigris) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contraception; captive breeding; MGA; felids ID PROGESTERONE; FELIDS AB The need for contraception in the successful management of captive wild animals is becoming increasingly apparent. Because concerns exist regarding the reversibility of the contraceptive implant melengestrol acetate (MGA), reproductive data for 94 female Amur (Panthera tigris altaica) and Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) were analyzed using survival analyses to evaluate return to reproductive status after implant removal or assumed expiration. Females placed in potential breeding situations after MGA implants were surgically removed showed a 62% return to reproduction by 5.25 years, whereas females with implants that were assumed to have expired showed only a 30% return to reproduction by 6 years. Implanted females did not reproduce as successfully as non-implanted control females, which showed an 85% probability of reproducing after placement in a new breeding situation by 2.66 years. Parturition increased the probability of reproducing in non-implanted females, but not in implanted females. Litter size, stillbirths, and offspring survival were not significantly different between non-implanted, implant-removed and implant-expired female tigers. Ten female tigers reproduced both before and after implant placement, and the differences in litter size, stillbirths, and offspring survival were not significant, nor were they significantly different from non-implanted females. Prior parturition, age when implant was removed, and duration of implantation did not affect the probability of reproducing for females after implant removal. These results show substantial reversibility of MGA implants, leading to 62% successful reproduction after implant removal. The reasons for lower successful reproduction in animals previously treated with the contraceptive compared to non-implanted females are not known, but a greater delay in reversibility was seen when implants were left in place and only presumed expired. C1 St Louis Zoo, AZA Wildlife Contracept Ctr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Zool Soc London, London, England. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol Conservat & Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. IUCN SSC Conservat Breeding Specialist Grp, Apple Valley, MN USA. RP Asa, CS (reprint author), St Louis Zoo, AZA Wildlife Contracept Ctr, 1 Govt Dr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM asa@stlzoo.org NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1002/zoo.20137 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 205UX UT WOS:000249141200005 PM 19360580 ER PT J AU Torres-Carvajal, O AF Torres-Carvajal, Omar TI Phylogeny and biogeography of a large radiation of Andean lizards (Iguania, Stenocercus) SO ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN PERU; NORTHERN PERU; GENUS; SQUAMATA; TROPIDURIDAE; SYSTEMATICS; SPECIATION; GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE; REDESCRIPTION; EVOLUTION AB With 61 species occurring mostly in the Andes and adjacent lowland areas, Stenocercus lizards represent one of the most widespread and well-represented Andean vertebrate groups. Phylogenetic relationships among species of Stenocercus are inferred using different datasets based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data of 35 species and morphological data of 59 species. Among morphological data, polymorphic and meristic/morphometric characters are coded under the frequency parsimony and gap-weighting methods, respectively, and the accuracy of these methods is tested. When both types of characters are included, the resulting tree topology is more similar to the topologies obtained from analyses of DNA sequence data than those topologies obtained after exclusion of one or both types of characters. The phylogenetic hypotheses inferred including 59 species of Stenocercus (dataset 1) and excluding those species for which DNA data were not available (dataset 2) are generally congruent with each other, as well as with previously published hypotheses. The most parsimonious tree obtained from analysis of dataset 2 is used in a dispersal-vicariance analysis to infer ancestral areas and major biogeographical events. Species of Stenocercus are divided into two major clades. Clade A has diversified mostly in the central Andes, with a few species in the northern Andes and one species in the southern Andes. Clade B is more widespread, with species in the northern, central, and southern Andes, as well as in the Atlantic lowlands and Amazon basin. The most recent common ancestor of Stenocercus is inferred to have occurred in the eastern cordillera of the central Andes. Given morphological similarity and altitudinal distribution of some species nested in a northern-Andes clade, as well as the relatively recent uplift of this Andean region, it is possible that species in this clade have diverged as recently as the mid-Pliocene. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Torres-Carvajal, O (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, MRC 162, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM omartorcar@yahoo.com.mx NR 86 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-3256 EI 1463-6409 J9 ZOOL SCR JI Zool. Scr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 311 EP 326 DI 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00284.x PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 181MP UT WOS:000247441100003 ER PT J AU Arnedo, MA Agnarsson, I Gillespie, RG AF Arnedo, Miquel A. Agnarsson, Ingi Gillespie, Rosemary G. TI Molecular insights into the phylogenetic structure of the spider genus Theridion (Araneae, Theridiidae) and the origin of the Hawaiian Theridion-like fauna SO ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID HAPPY-FACE SPIDER; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; COLOR POLYMORPHISM; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; GRALLATOR ARANEAE; COBWEB SPIDERS; ISLANDS; COLONIZATION; SPECIATION AB The Hawaiian happy face spider (Theridion grallator Simon, 1900), named for a remarkable abdominal colour pattern resembling a smiling face, has served as a model organism for understanding the generation of genetic diversity. Theridion grallator is one of 11 endemic Hawaiian species of the genus reported to date. Asserting the origin of island endemics informs on the evolutionary context of diversification, and how diversity has arisen on the islands. Studies on the genus Theridion in Hawaii, as elsewhere, have long been hampered by its large size (> 600 species) and poor definition. Here we report results of phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of five genes conducted on five diverse species of Hawaiian Theridion, along with the most intensive sampling of Theridiinae analysed to date. Results indicate that the Hawaiian Islands were colonised by two independent Theridiinae lineages, one of which originated in the Americas. Both lineages have undergone local diversification in the archipelago and have convergently evolved similar bizarre morphs. Our findings confirm para- or polyphyletic status of the largest Theridiinae genera: Theridion, Achaearanea and Chrysso. Convergent simplification of the palpal organ has occurred in the Hawaiian Islands and in two continental lineages. The results confirm the convergent evolution of social behaviour and web structure, both already documented within the Theridiidae. Greater understanding of phylogenetic relationships within the Theridiinae is key to understanding of behavioural and morphological evolution in this highly diverse group. C1 Univ Barcelona, Dept Anim Biol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Insect Biol, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Arnedo, MA (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Anim Biol, Avinguda Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM marnedo@ub.edu; iagnarsson@gmail.com; gillespi@nature.berkeley.edu NR 90 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-3256 EI 1463-6409 J9 ZOOL SCR JI Zool. Scr. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 337 EP 352 DI 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00280.x PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 181MP UT WOS:000247441100005 ER PT J AU Anker, A AF Anker, Arthur TI Pseudalpheopsis guana gen. nov., sp nov (Crustacea : Decapoda), a new alpheid shrimp from the British Virgin Islands, Caribbean Sea SO ZOOLOGICAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE alpheidae; new genus; western Atlantic; coral reef; caridea ID SPONGE-DWELLING SHRIMP; BARTHOLOMEA-ANNULATA; SNAPPING SHRIMP; SYNALPHEUS; CARIDEA AB Pseudalpheopsis guana gen. nov. (Crustacea: Decapoda), sp. nov., a new alpheid shrimp from the British Virgin Islands, Caribbean Sea. Zoological Studies 46(4): 428-440. Pseudalpheopsis guana gen. nov., sp. nov. is described on the basis of a single male specimen collected from an artificial reef matrix structure (ARMS) off Guana I., British Virgin Is., Caribbean Sea. Pseudalpheopsis, gen. nov. appears to be most closely related to Alpheopsis Couti6re, 1896 (sensu lato), but differs from all species currently placed in this genus by the unique armature of the chelipeds and the presence of a "pseudo-hepatic tooth" on the anterior margin of the carapace, above the pterygostornial angle. C1 Inst Smithsonian Invest Tropicales, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Inst Smithsonian Invest Tropicales, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM ankera@si.edu NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACAD SINICA INST ZOOLOGY PI TAIPEI PA EDITORIAL OFFICE, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN SN 1021-5506 J9 ZOOL STUD JI Zool. Stud. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 428 EP 440 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 201HC UT WOS:000248821100005 ER PT J AU Anker, A Jeng, MS AF Anker, Arthur Jeng, Ming-Shiou TI Establishment of a new genus for Arete borradailei Coutiere, 1903 and Athanas verrucosus banner and banner, 1960, with redefinitions of Arete Stimpson, 1860 and Athanas leach, 1814 (Crustacea : Decapoda : Alpheidae) SO ZOOLOGICAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE alpheidae; new genus; Athanas; Arete; Indo-Pacific ID SHRIMP CRUSTACEA; CARIDEA; MUDFLATS; PACIFIC; SEA AB Establishment of a new genus for Arete borradailei Coutibre, 1903 and Athanas verrucosus Banner and Banner, 1960, with redefinitions of Arete Stimpson, 1860 and Athanas Leach, 1814 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Zoological Studies 46(4): 454-472. Arete borradailei Coutibre, 1903 and Athanas verrucosus Banner and Banner, 1960 are transferred to Rugathanas gen. nov., based on several unique features on the chelipeds, 3rd pereiopods, antennules, and mouthparts. The establishment of Rugathanas enables the redefinition of Athanas Leach, 1814 and Arete Stimpson, 1860, and a formal revalidation of Arete, formerly a synonym of Athanas. Two important features, the number of pereiopodal epipods and the number of carpal segments of the 2nd pereiopod, are variable within Rugathanas gen. nov., but may be used to distinguish Athanas from Arete. The distribution ranges of R. borradailei (Couti6re, 1903) comb. nov. and R. verrucosus (Banner and Banner, 1960) comb. nov. are considerably extended based on recently collected material from the Ryukyu Is., Japan; Kenting, southern Taiwan; and Norfolk I., off eastern Australia. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Biodivers, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, APO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. EM ankera@si.edu; jengms@gate.sinica.edu.tw NR 68 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACAD SINICA INST ZOOLOGY PI TAIPEI PA EDITORIAL OFFICE, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN SN 1021-5506 J9 ZOOL STUD JI Zool. Stud. PD JUL PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 BP 454 EP 472 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 201HC UT WOS:000248821100007 ER PT J AU Saiz-Lopez, A Chance, K Liu, X Kurosu, TP Sander, SP AF Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso Chance, Kelly Liu, Xiong Kurosu, Thomas P. Sander, Stanley P. TI First observations of iodine oxide from space SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MOLECULAR-IODINE; IO; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS; SPECTRA; MODEL; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SCIAMACHY AB We present retrievals of IO total columns from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite instrument. We analyze data for October 2005 in the polar regions to demonstrate for the first time the capability to measure IO column abundances from space. During the period of analysis (i.e. Southern Hemisphere springtime), enhanced IO vertical columns over 3 x 10(13) molecules cm(-2) are observed around coastal Antarctica; by contrast during that time in the Artic region IO is consistently below the calculated instrumental detection limit for individual radiance spectra ( 2 - 4 x 10(12) molecules cm(-2) for slant columns). The levels reported here are in reasonably good agreement with previous ground-based measurements at coastal Antarctica. These results also demonstrate that IO is widespread over sea-ice covered areas in the Southern Ocean. The occurrence of elevated IO and its hitherto unrecognized spatial distribution suggest an efficient iodine activation mechanism at a synoptic scale over coastal Antarctica. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Saiz-Lopez, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Earth & Space Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM alfonso.saiz-lopez@jpl.nasa.gov RI Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/B-3759-2015; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; OI Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/0000-0002-0060-1581; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 34 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 29 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 12 AR L12812 DI 10.1029/2007GL030111 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 184ZT UT WOS:000247681800005 ER PT J AU Jasny, B Suter, S AF Jasny, Barbara Suter, Sherman TI Summer reading - To while away some time ... SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. AAAS, Washington, DC USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Monterey, CA USA. Imperial Coll, London, England. Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Decode Genet, Reykjavik, Iceland. DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE 19898 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. UCL, London, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 29 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5833 BP 1845 EP 1848 DI 10.1126/science.1146320 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 183WI UT WOS:000247602700020 ER PT J AU Strong, EE Frest, TJ AF Strong, Ellen E. Frest, Terrence J. TI On the anatomy and systematics of Juga from western North America (Gastropoda : Cerithioidea : Pleuroceridae) SO NAUTILUS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; LAKE TANGANYIKA; RDNA SEQUENCES; PACHYCHILIDAE; CAENOGASTROPODA; PALUDOMIDAE; VIVIPARITY; EVOLUTION; MOLLUSKS; AFFINITY AB The family Pleuroceridae is a speciose and ecologically important family of limnic gastropods in North America and eastern Asia. Juga is the only native plenrocerid genus that occurs in Pacific drainage systems of Western North Arnerica, but has only recently been accepted as independent from other North American genera and may have affinities to Asian pleurocerids. As such. this genus represents a key piece to the puzzle of pleurocerid systematics. However, published accounts of Juga anatomy are limited to the reproductive system. Consequently, the anatomy of three species is described herein; these three taxa represent the type species of the three extant subgenera Juga Yuga), J. Calibasis, and J. (Oreobasis). A lectotype is designated for Goniobasis acutifilosa Stearns,.1890, the type species of Calibasis; Melania newberryi, the type species of Oreobasis. is here removed from the synonymy of Juga bulbosa. This analysis confirms that Juga shares many anatomical features with other North American and Asian pleurocerids, but is clearly set apart from eastern North American pleurocerids in features of the ovipositor pore, radula, midgut, kidney I and pallial (gonoduct. juga is distinct from all other limnic cerithioideans known thus far in the form of the midgut crescentic ridge, the configuration of prostate glands, and an evagination of the kidney wall separating the main chamber and bladder. Based on information currently available, unlike molecular data. there is no morphological feature unambiguously linking juga to Asian pleurocerids. Anatomically, Oreobasis is strikingly similar to Juga sensu stricto and is synonymized with it, whereas Calibasis is retained as a valid taxon. Calibasis is retained as a valid taxon. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Deixis Consultants, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Strong, EE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stronge@si.edu; jfrest@earthlink.net NR 74 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU BAILEY-MATTHEWS SHELL MUSEUM PI SANIBEL PA C/O DR JOSE H LEAL, ASSOCIATE/MANAGING EDITOR, 3075 SANIBEL-CAPTIVA RD, SANIBEL, FL 33957 USA SN 0028-1344 J9 NAUTILUS JI Nautilus PD JUN 27 PY 2007 VL 121 IS 2 BP 43 EP 65 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 185ZB UT WOS:000247747800001 ER PT J AU Harasewych, MG Kiel, S AF Harasewych, M. G. Kiel, Steffen TI Upper Jurassic Pleurotomariidae (Gastropoda) from southwestern Madagascar SO NAUTILUS LA English DT Article ID LITTLE-KNOWN GASTROPODS; NEW-ZEALAND; MOLLUSCA; BASIN; GENUS; SEQUENCES; GERMANY; CYCLES; KUTCH AB This paper describes four new species of Upper Jurassic Pleurotomariidae from southwestern Madagascar: Obornella thompsonorum, Bathrotoniaria annejoffeae, Eathrotomaria bedetteae, and Leptomaria takahashii. In addition, the previously described Leptomaria texta Delpey, 1948, is reassigned to the genus Obornella. Comparison of this fauna with that of the geographically, proximal Kutsch region of northwestern India reveals it to consist of representatives of wide-ranging Tethyan genera, but also to exhibit strong endemism at the species level. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM harasewych@si.edu; kiels@si.edu RI Kiel, Steffen/C-3150-2009 OI Kiel, Steffen/0000-0001-6281-100X NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BAILEY-MATTHEWS SHELL MUSEUM PI SANIBEL PA C/O DR JOSE H LEAL, ASSOCIATE/MANAGING EDITOR, 3075 SANIBEL-CAPTIVA RD, SANIBEL, FL 33957 USA SN 0028-1344 J9 NAUTILUS JI Nautilus PD JUN 27 PY 2007 VL 121 IS 2 BP 76 EP 89 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 185ZB UT WOS:000247747800003 ER PT J AU Harasewych, MG Beu, AG AF Harasewych, M. G. Beu, Alan G. TI Sassia melpangi, a new ranellid species (Gastropoda : Tonnoidea) from the Central Pacific SO NAUTILUS LA English DT Article AB Sassia melpangi is described from bathyal depths off Oahu, Hawaii. This new species is most similar to S. nassariformis (Sowerby, 1902) from-comparable depths off southeastern Africa, and to a lesser extent to S. remensa (Iredale, 1936) from the western Pacific. Sassia melpangi may be distinguished from all other Sassia on the basis of its broad, evenly rounded whorls, absence of a distinct shoulder on the varices, numerous axial ribs and spiral cords that produce an evenly reticulate surface sculpture, a broadly ovate aperture with distinctive inductura and strongly pigmented pattern along the edge of the outer lip. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. GNS Sci, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. RP Harasewych, MG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM harasewych@si.edu; a.beu@gns.cri.nz NR 7 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BAILEY-MATTHEWS SHELL MUSEUM PI SANIBEL PA C/O DR JOSE H LEAL, ASSOCIATE/MANAGING EDITOR, 3075 SANIBEL-CAPTIVA RD, SANIBEL, FL 33957 USA SN 0028-1344 J9 NAUTILUS JI Nautilus PD JUN 27 PY 2007 VL 121 IS 2 BP 90 EP 94 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 185ZB UT WOS:000247747800004 ER PT J AU Stromberg, CAE Werdelin, L Friis, EM Sarac, G AF Stromberg, Caroline A. E. Werdelin, Lars Friis, Else Marie Sarac, Gercek TI The spread of grass-dominated habitats in Turkey and surrounding areas during the Cenozoic: Phytolith evidence SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cenozoic; grassland evolution; phytoliths; Europe; Mediterranean; paleoecology ID MESSINIAN SALINITY CRISIS; LATE MIOCENE; CENTRAL-ANATOLIA; DENTAL MICROWEAR; NORTH-AMERICA; MEDITERRANEAN VEGETATION; INTERTROPICAL AFRICA; DIETARY ADAPTATIONS; EXTINCT RUMINANTS; BRITISH GRASSES AB The arrival of hipparionine horses in the eastern Mediterranean region around 11 Ma was traditionally thought to mark the simultaneous westward expansion of savanna vegetation across Eurasia. However, recent paleoecological reconstructions based on tooth wear, carbon isotopes, and functional morphology indicate that grasses played a minor role in Late Miocene ecosystems of the eastern Mediterranean, which were more likely dry woodlands or forests. The scarcity of grass macrofossils and pollen in Miocene floras of Europe and Asia Minor has been used to support this interpretation. Based on the combined evidence, it has therefore been suggested that Late Miocene ungulate faunal change in the eastern Mediterranean signals increased aridity and landscape openness, but not necessarily the development of grass-dominated habitats. To shed new light on the Miocene evolution of eastern Mediterranean ecosystems, we used phytolith assemblages preserved in direct association with faunas as a proxy for paleovegetation structure (grassland vs. forest). We extracted phytoliths and other biogenic silica from sediment samples from well-known Early to Late Miocene (similar to 20-7 Ma) faunal localities in Greece, Turkey, and Iran. In addition, a Middle Eocene sample from Turkey yielded phytoliths and served as a baseline comparison for vegetation inference. Phytolith analysis showed that the Middle Eocene assemblage consists of abundant grass phytoliths (grass silica short cells) interpreted as deriving from bambusoid grasses, as well as diverse forest indicator phytoliths from dicotyledonous angiosperms and palms, pointing to the presence of a woodland or forest with abundant bamboos. In contrast, the Miocene assemblages are dominated by diverse silica short cells typical of pooid open-habitat grasses. Forest indicator phytoliths are also present, but are rare in the Late Miocene (9-7 Ma) assemblages. Our analysis of the Miocene grass community composition is consistent with evidence from stable carbon isotopes from paleosols and ungulate tooth enamel, showing that C-4 grasses were rare in the Mediterranean throughout the Miocene. These data indicate that relatively open habitats had become common in Turkey and surrounding areas by at least the Early Miocene (similar to 20 Ma), > 7 million years before hipparionine horses reached Europe and and conditions ensued, as judged by faunal data. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Palaeozool, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Palaeobot, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. MTA Genel Mudurlugu, TR-06520 Ankara, Turkey. RP Stromberg, CAE (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM strombergc@si.edu OI Friis, Else Marie/0000-0001-7587-9687 NR 235 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 250 IS 1-4 BP 18 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.012 PG 32 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 185HC UT WOS:000247701000002 ER PT J AU Luo, ZJ Shu, CG Huang, JS AF Luo, Zhi-Jian Shu, Cheng-Gang Huang, Jia-Sheng TI The differences of star formation history between merging galaxies and field galaxies in the early data release of the SDSS SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE galaxies : formation and evolution; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : statistics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; INTERACTING GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; FORMATION RATES; STELLAR MASS; E+A GALAXIES; ORIGIN; SAMPLE; STARBURSTS; DEPENDENCE AB Based on the catalog of merging galaxies in the Early Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the differences of star-formation history between merging galaxies and field galaxies were studied statistically by means of three spectroscopic indicators: the 4000-angstrom break strength, the Balmer absorption-line index, and the specific star formation rate. It is found that for early-type merging galaxies the interactions will not induce any significant enhancement of the star-formation activity because of its stability and lack of cool gas. On the other hand, late-type merging galaxies always in general display more active star formation than field galaxies on different timescales within about 1 Gyr. We also conclude that the mean stellar ages of late-type merging galaxies are younger than those of late-type field galaxies. C1 Jiangxi Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Nanchang 330022, Peoples R China. Shanghai Normal Univ, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Luo, ZJ (reprint author), Jiangxi Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Nanchang 330022, Peoples R China. EM jluo@center.shao.ac.cn; cgshu@center.shao.ac.cn; jhuang@cfa.harvard.edu NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 59 IS 3 BP 541 EP 545 DI 10.1093/pasj/59.3.541 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 188ZV UT WOS:000247958900010 ER PT J AU Jamrozy, M Konar, C Saikia, DJ Stawarz, L Mack, KH Siemiginowska, A AF Jamrozy, M. Konar, C. Saikia, D. J. Stawarz, L. Mack, K.-H. Siemiginowska, A. TI Intermittent jet activity in the radio galaxy 4C 29.30 ? SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual : 4C 29.30; galaxies : nuclei; radio continuum : galaxies ID COMPACT STEEP-SPECTRUM; X-RAY-EMISSION; DOUBLE-DOUBLE MORPHOLOGY; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; CENTAURUS-A; 4.85 GHZ; GALACTIC NUCLEI; SKY SURVEY; SCALE; POLARIZATION AB We present radio observations at frequencies ranging from 240 to 8460 MHz of the radio galaxy 4C 29.30 (J0840+2949) using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Effelsberg telescope. We report the existence of weak extended emission with an angular size of similar to 520 arcsec (639 kpc) within which a compact edge-brightened double-lobed source with a size of 29 arcsec (36 kpc) is embedded. We determine the spectrum of the inner double from 240 to 8460 MHz and show that it has a single power-law spectrum with a spectral index of similar to 0.8. Its spectral age is estimated to be less than or similar to 33 Myr. The extended diffuse emission has a steep spectrum with a spectral index of similar to 1.3 and a break frequency less than or similar to 240 MHz. The spectral age is greater than or similar to 200 Myr, suggesting that the extended diffuse emission is due to an earlier cycle of activity. We re-analyse archival X-ray data from Chandra and suggest that the X-ray emission from the hotspots consists of a mixture of non-thermal and thermal components, the latter being possibly due to gas which is shock heated by the jets from the host galaxy. C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, TIFR, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 95025 USA. Ist Nazl Astrofis, Inst Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jamrozy, M (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. EM jamrozy@oa.uj.edu.pl; sckonar@ncra.tifr.res.in; djs@ncra.tifr.res.in; stawarz@oa.uj.edu.pl; mack@ira.inaf.it; asiemiginowska@cfa.harvard.edu RI Jamrozy, Marek/F-4507-2015 NR 73 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 2 BP 581 EP 593 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11782.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 179AV UT WOS:000247262600016 ER PT J AU Hernandez, J Hartmann, L Megeath, T Gutermuth, R Muzerolle, J Calvet, N Vivas, AK Briceno, C Allen, L Stauffer, J Young, E Fazio, G AF Hernandez, Jesus Hartmann, L. Megeath, T. Gutermuth, R. Muzerolle, J. Calvet, N. Vivas, A. K. Briceno, C. Allen, L. Stauffer, J. Young, E. Fazio, G. TI A Spitzer space telescope study of disks in the young orionis cluster SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; open clusters and associations : individual (sigma Orionis cluster); planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID LOW-MASS STARS; T-TAURI STARS; HERBIG AE/BE STARS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; SIGMA-ORIONIS; BROWN DWARFS; ACCRETION DISKS; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; STELLAR OBJECTS; ASSOCIATION AB We report new Spitzer Space Telescope observations, using the IRAC and MIPS instruments, of the young ( similar to 3 Myr) sigma Orionis cluster. We identify 336 stars as members of the cluster, using optical and near-infrared color-magnitude diagrams. Using the spectral energy distribution slopes in the IRAC spectral range, we place objects into several classes: non-excess stars, stars with optically thick disks ( such as classical T Tauri stars), class I ( protostellar) candidates, and stars with "evolved disks''; the last exhibit smaller IRAC excesses than optically thick disk systems. In general, this classification agrees with the location expected in IRAC-MIPS color-color diagrams for these objects. We find that the evolved disk systems are mostly a combination of objects with optically thick but nonflared disks, suggesting grain growth and/or settling, and transition disks, systems in which the inner disk is partially or fully cleared of small dust. In all, we identify seven transition disk candidates and three possible debris disk systems. As in other young stellar populations, the fraction of disks depends on the stellar mass, ranging from similar to 10% for stars in the Herbig Ae/Be mass range (> 2 M-circle dot) to similar to 35% for those in the T Tauri mass range ( 1-0.1 M-circle dot). The IRAC infrared excesses found in stellar clusters and associations with and without central high-mass stars are similar, suggesting that external photo-evaporation is not very important in many clusters. Finally, we find no correlation between the X-ray luminosity and the disk infrared excess, suggesting that the X-rays are not strongly affected by disk accretion. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Invest Astron, Merida 5101A, Venezuela. Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Hernandez, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 84 TC 237 Z9 239 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 2 BP 1067 EP 1081 DI 10.1086/513735 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178UO UT WOS:000247245800028 ER PT J AU Rathborne, JM Simon, R Jackson, JM AF Rathborne, J. M. Simon, R. Jackson, J. M. TI The detection of protostellar condensations in infrared dark cloud cores SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; infrared : ISM; ISM : clouds; radio lines : ISM; stars : formation; techniques : high angular resolution ID MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; ORION NEBULA CLUSTER; TRAPEZIUM; DISCOVERY; IMAGES AB Infrared dark clouds ( IRDCs) are a distinct class of interstellar molecular cloud identified as dark extinction features against the bright mid-infrared Galactic background. Here we present high angular resolution millimeter continuum images obtained with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer toward four high-mass ( 200-1800 M(circle dot)) IRDC cores that show evidence for active high-mass star formation ( M > 8 M(circle dot)). We detect twelve bright (> 7 mJy), compact ( less than or similar to 2", less than or similar to 0.024 pc) condensations toward these cores. Two of the cores ( G024.60+00.08 MM1 and G024.60+00.08 MM2) are resolved into multiple protostellar condensations, while one core ( G022.35+00.41 MM1) shows two condensations. The remaining core ( G024.33+00.11 MM1) contains a single, compact protostellar condensation with a very rich molecular spectrum, indicating that this is a hot molecular core associated with an early stage in the formation of a high-mass protostar. The derived gas masses for these condensations suggest that each core is forming at least one high-mass protostar ( M(gas) > 8 M(circle dot)), and three cores are also forming lower mass protostars ( M(gas) similar to 2-5 M(circle dot)). A comparison of the ratios of the gas masses ( M(G)) to the Jeans masses ( M(J)) for IRDCs, cores, and condensations, provides broad support for the idea of hierarchical fragmentation. The close proximity of multiple protostars of disparate mass indicates that these IRDCs are in the earliest evolutionary states in the formation of stellar clusters. C1 Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Rathborne, JM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rathborn@bu.edu; simonr@phl.uni-koeln.de; jackson@bu.edu NR 44 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 2 BP 1082 EP 1092 DI 10.1086/513178 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178UO UT WOS:000247245800029 ER PT J AU Thorwirth, S Theule, P Gottlieb, CA McCarthy, MC Thaddeus, P AF Thorwirth, S. Theule, P. Gottlieb, C. A. McCarthy, M. C. Thaddeus, P. TI Rotational spectra of small PAHs: Acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, azulene, and fluorene SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM : molecules; molecular data ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; MILLIMETER; MOLECULES; CONSTANTS; SYMMETRY AB Pure rotational spectra of four small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been observed by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy of a molecular beam in the frequency range from 7 to 37 GHz. Initial searches for acenaphthene ( C(12)H(10)), acenaphthylene ( C(12)H(8)), and fluorene ( C(13)H(10)) were guided by quantum chemical calculations performed at the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ level of theory. All three molecules exhibit b-type rotational spectra and are calculated to be moderately polar, with dipole moments of 0.3-0.9 D. Close agreement ( to better than 1%) between the calculated equilibrium and experimentally derived ground-state rotational constants is achieved. Selected transitions of acenaphthene and fluorene have also been measured in the 3 mm region by conventional free-space absorption spectroscopy, as have transitions of the previously studied azulene ( C(10)H(8)). The data presented here facilitate deep radio astronomical searches with large radio telescopes. C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Provence, Ctr St Jerome, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. RP Thorwirth, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Auf Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM sthorwirth@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de RI Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011; OI Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 2 BP 1309 EP 1314 DI 10.1086/518026 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 178UO UT WOS:000247245800052 ER PT J AU Pereira, ME Werther, K AF Pereira, M. E. Werther, K. TI Evaluation of the renal effects of flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen and meloxicam in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID INHIBITORS; ADVANTAGES; OFFER C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agrarias & Vet, Dept Patol Vet, BR-14884990 Janoticbal, SP, Brazil. RP Pereira, ME (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Pathol, 3001 Connecticut Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RI Werther, Karin/C-6429-2012 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 13 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD JUN 16 PY 2007 VL 160 IS 24 BP 844 EP 846 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 182MY UT WOS:000247509900018 PM 17575249 ER PT J AU Novikova, I Gorshkov, AV Phillips, DF Sorensen, AS Lukin, MD Walsworth, RL AF Novikova, Irina Gorshkov, Alexey V. Phillips, David F. Sorensen, Anders S. Lukin, Mikhail D. Walsworth, Ronald L. TI Optimal control of light pulse storage and retrieval SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; PHOTON STATES; MEMORIES; OPTICS; VAPOR; PAIRS AB We demonstrate experimentally a procedure to obtain the maximum efficiency for the storage and retrieval of light pulses in atomic media. The procedure uses time-reversal to obtain optimal input signal pulse shapes. Experimental results in warm Rb vapor are in good agreement with theoretical predictions and demonstrate a substantial improvement of efficiency. This optimization procedure is applicable to a wide range of systems. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Danish Natl Res Fdn Ctr Quantum Opt, Niels Bohr Inst, QUANTOP, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Novikova, I (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Novikova, Irina/B-9041-2008; Sorensen, Anders/L-1868-2013 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; Sorensen, Anders/0000-0003-1337-9163 NR 34 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 24 AR 243602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.243602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 179QY UT WOS:000247306300021 PM 17677964 ER PT J AU Stanford, D AF Stanford, Dennis TI Folsom - New archaeological investigations of a classic Paleoindian bison kill SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Stanford, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Museum Natl Hist Nat, 10th & Constitut, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM stanford@si.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5831 BP 1569 EP 1569 DI 10.1126/science.1129537 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 178SH UT WOS:000247239900022 ER PT J AU Sauvage, B Martin, RV van Donkelaar, A Ziemke, JR AF Sauvage, B. Martin, Randall V. van Donkelaar, A. Ziemke, J. R. TI Quantification of the factors controlling tropical tropospheric ozone and the South Atlantic maximum SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; MONITORING EXPERIMENT; DEEP CONVECTION; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; TRANSPORT MODEL; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL-MODEL; AMAZON BASIN AB [1] We quantify the processes controlling the tropical tropospheric ozone burden with particular attention to the tropical Atlantic, using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) constrained by satellite and in situ observations of O-3, NO2, and HCHO. Lightning is the dominant contributor to tropical tropospheric O-3, accounting for more than 37% of the O-3 burden over the Atlantic on annual average. The contributions from biomass burning, soils, and fossil fuels are 4 to 6 times smaller, despite comparable source strengths. This discrepancy can be explained by the tropical ozone production efficiency of lightning ( 32 mol/ mol), soils ( 14 mol/ mol), biomass burning ( 10 mol/ mol), and fossil fuel ( 13 mol/ mol) sources, as calculated using sensitivity simulations with a 1% perturbation. The role of volatile organic compound emissions on the tropical Atlantic ozone burden is negligible (< 2.5%). Stratosphere-troposphere exchange accounts for less than 5% of the regional O-3 burden. The tropical Atlantic O-3 burden is more strongly influenced by nitrogen oxides from Africa (> 30%) than from South America (> 18%) or the eastern tropics (> 11%). Lightning is responsible for more than 39% of the atmospheric oxidation capacity, higher than other sources. The dominant sources of uncertainty in the tropical oxidation rate are the lightning magnitude and the cloud convective parameterization. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Sauvage, B (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM bsauvage@fizz.phys.dal.ca RI Martin, Randall/A-2051-2008; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; NR 81 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D11 AR D11309 DI 10.1029/2006JD008008 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 180MQ UT WOS:000247369200006 ER PT J AU Krause, DW Sampson, SD Carrano, MT O'Connor, PM AF Krause, David W. Sampson, Scott D. Carrano, Matthew T. O'Connor, Patrick M. TI Overview of the history of discovery, taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda : Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RED SANDSTONE GROUP; INDIAN-OCEAN; KERGUELEN PLATEAU; PACHYCEPHALOSAURID DINOSAUR; PREDATORY DINOSAUR; VERTEBRATE FAUNA; BROKEN RIDGE; TANZANIA; ANTARCTICA; EVOLUTION AB We review the historical sequence of discoveries of Majungasaurus crenatissimus, an abelisaurid theropod from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Maevarano Formation, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar. For almost a century, beginning in 1895, periodic expeditions conducted by French, Japanese, and Malagasy teams yielded fragmentary and isolated remains of a medium-sized theropod dinosaur from the Maevarano Formation. These materials were first assigned to Megalosaurus crenatissimus but later to Dryptosaurus crenatissimus, then Majungasaurus crenatissimus, and, most recently, Majungatholus atopus. The taxon was variously considered to pertain to Tyrannosauridae, "Megalosauridae," and Abelisauridae. Recent excavations undertaken by the Mahajanga Basin Project (1993 to present) have resulted in abundant and spectacular remains of this theropod. The new material allows us to establish Majungasaurus crenatissinuis as the valid name for this theropod and to conclusively place it within Abelisauridae. M. crenatissimus is currently known from multiple specimens of various size (and presumably age) classes, which cumulatively represent the great majority of the skull and skeleton. Together, these finds establish Majungasaurus as among the best known of Gondwanan theropods. M. crenatissimus is one of several vertebrate taxa recovered from the Maevarano Formation that indicate close biogeographic ties linking Madagascar with the Indian subcontinent and South America. These data support the hypothesis of a high degree of cosmopolitanism among these landmasses, the result of a persistent subaerial connection between Indo-Madagascar to the east and South America to the west (possibly through Antarctica) until sometime late in the Late Cretaceous. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Utah, Utah Museum Nat Hist, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Krause, DW (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM dkrause@notes.ec.sunysb.edu; ssampson@umnh.utah.edu; carranom@si.edu; oconnorp@ohiou.edu RI OConnor, Patrick/I-9383-2012; Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI OConnor, Patrick/0000-0002-6762-3806; Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 124 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD JUN 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 SU S BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[1:OOTHOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 180PE UT WOS:000247377200002 ER PT J AU Carrano, MT AF Carrano, Matthew T. TI The appendicular skeleton of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda : Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DINOSAUR MAIASAURA-PEEBLESORUM; PREDATORY DINOSAUR; MUSCULATURE; RECONSTRUCTION; CARNOSAURS; OSTEOLOGY; PATAGONIA; EVOLUTION AB The appendicular skeleton of the abelisaurid theropod Majungasalfrus crenatissinnis (Deperet, 1896) Lavocat, 1955 is described for the first time. The available materials include an incomplete pectoral girdle and forelimb, along with the ilium and a nearly complete hind limb. These materials display a number of ceratosaur, abefisauroid, and abelisaurid synapomorphies, supporting the phylogenetic placement of Majungasaurus based previously on cranial anatomy. As in Ceratosaurus and Carnotaurus, the scapular blade is relatively wide and has a pronounced dorsal lip over the glenoid. The humerus is short and bears a globular head, but is more slender than in Carnotaunis. The ilium has a preacetabular hook, a strong supraacetabular crest, a notched posterior margin, and peg-and-socket articulations with both the pubis and ischium. Hind limb elements are proportionally stocky, as in sorne other abelisaurids. The femur lacks a trochanteric shelf, the tibia has a greatly enlarged cnemial crest, and the fibula bears a deep, posteriorly facing medial fossa. The abelisaurid astragalocalcaneum is described here in detail for the first time, and is more similar to that of tetanurans than to those of coelophysoids. Taken together, these materials illustrate that the appendicular skeleton of abelisaurids was specialized over the typical condition in basal theropods, particularly through the development of enlarged muscle attachment processes. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Carrano, MT (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012,MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM carranom@si.edu RI Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 63 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD JUN 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 SU S BP 163 EP 179 DI 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[163:TASOMC]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 180PE UT WOS:000247377200007 ER PT J AU Orr, CM Delezene, LK Scott, JE Tocheri, MW Schwartz, GT AF Orr, Caley M. Delezene, Lucas K. Scott, Jeremiah E. Tocheri, Matthew W. Schwartz, Gary T. TI The comparative method and the inference of venom-delivery systems in fossil mammals SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADULT MALE COATIS; DESMODUS-ROTUNDUS; NASUA-NARICA; VAMPIRE BAT; PTEROPODIDAE; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; CARNIVORA; BEHAVIOR; PROTEIN C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Inst Human Origins, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Orr, CM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, POB 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM caley.orr@asu.edu RI Scott, Jeremiah/A-2751-2008; OI Tocheri, Matthew/0000-0001-7600-8998 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD JUN 12 PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 541 EP 546 DI 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[541:TCMATI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 178WR UT WOS:000247251500027 ER PT J AU Afshordi, N Lin, YT Nagai, D Sanderson, AJR AF Afshordi, Niayesh Lin, Yen-Ting Nagai, Daisuke Sanderson, Alastair J. R. TI Missing thermal energy of the intracluster medium SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : thermal; methods : statistical; galaxies : clusters : general; cosmic microwave background ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; MASS-TEMPERATURE RELATION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; NEARBY GALAXY CLUSTERS; HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; SCALING RELATIONS; BARYON FRACTION; CHANDRA SAMPLE; COOLING FLOWS; GAS AB The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect is a direct probe of thermal energy content of the Universe, induced in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky through scattering of CMB photons off hot electrons in the intracluster medium (ICM). We report a 9 sigma detection of the SZ signal in the CMB maps of Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) three-year data, through study of a sample of 193 massive galaxy clusters with observed X-ray temperatures greater than 3 keV. For the first time, we make a model-independent measurement of the pressure profile in the outskirts of the ICM, and show that it closely follows the profiles obtained by X-ray observations and numerical simulations. We find that our measurements of the SZ effect would account for only half of the thermal energy of the cluster, if all the cluster baryons were in the hot ICM phase. Our measurements indicate that a significant fraction, 35 +/- 8 per cent, of baryonic mass is missing from the hot ICM, and thus must have cooled to form galaxies, intracluster stars, or an unknown cold phase of the ICM. There does not seem to be enough mass in the form of stars or cold gas in the cluster galaxies or intracluster space, signalling the need for a yet-unknown baryonic component (at 3 sigma level), or otherwise new astrophysical processes in the ICM. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago, Chile. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Afshordi, N (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, NS-51,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nafshordi@cfa.harvard.edu NR 70 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 1 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11776.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 177TN UT WOS:000247175500042 ER PT J AU Muno, MP Gaensler, BM Clark, JS de Grijs, R Pooley, D Stevens, IR Zwart, SFP AF Muno, M. P. Gaensler, B. M. Clark, J. S. de Grijs, R. Pooley, D. Stevens, I. R. Zwart, S. F. Portegies TI Exciting the magnetosphere of the magnetar CXOU J164710.2-455216 in Westerlund 1 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : magnetic fields; stars : neutron; pulsars; individual : CXOU J164710.2; 455216; X-rays : bursts ID X-RAY PULSAR; SOFT GAMMA-REPEATERS; VARIABLE SPIN-DOWN; NEUTRON-STAR; TRANSIENT MAGNETAR; XTE J1810-197; SGR 1900+14; EMISSION; BURSTS; FLARE AB We describe XMM-Newton observations taken 4.3 d prior to and 1.5 d subsequent to two remarkable events that were detected with Swift on 2006 September 21 from the candidate magnetar CXOU J164710.2-455216: (i) a 20-ms burst with an energy of 10(37) erg (15-150 keV), and (ii) a rapid spin-down (glitch) with Delta P/P similar to -10(-4). We find that the luminosity of the pulsar increased by a factor of 100 in the interval between observations, from 1 x 10(33) to 1 x 10(35) erg s(-1) (0.5-8.0 keV), and that its spectrum hardened. The pulsed count rate increased by a factor of 10 (0.5-8.0 keV), but the fractional rms amplitude of the pulses decreased from 65 to 11 per cent, and their profile changed from being single-peaked to exhibiting three distinct peaks. Similar changes have been observed from other magnetars in response to outbursts, such as that of 1E 2259+586 in 2002 June. We suggest that a plastic deformation of the neutron star crust induced a very slight twist in the external magnetic field, which in turn generated currents in the magnetosphere that were the direct cause of the X-ray outburst. C1 CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys A29, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Harvard Univ, Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Sect Computat Sci, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Muno, MP (reprint author), CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mmuno@srl.caltech.edu RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558; de Grijs, Richard/0000-0002-7203-5996 NR 33 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 378 IS 1 BP L44 EP L48 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00317.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 177TN UT WOS:000247175500010 ER PT J AU Fohlmeister, J Kochanek, CS Falco, EE Wambsganss, J Morgan, N Morgan, CW Ofek, EO Maoz, D Keeton, CR Barentine, JC Dalton, G Dembicky, J Ketzeback, W McMillan, R Peters, CS AF Fohlmeister, J. Kochanek, C. S. Falco, E. E. Wambsganss, J. Morgan, N. Morgan, C. W. Ofek, E. O. Maoz, D. Keeton, C. R. Barentine, J. C. Dalton, G. Dembicky, J. Ketzeback, W. McMillan, R. Peters, C. S. TI A time delay for the cluster-lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; gravitational lensing; quasars : individual ( SDSS J1004+4112) ID LENSING CLUSTER; SDSS-J1004+4112; GALAXY; DISCOVERY; IMAGES; CURVE AB We present 426 epochs of optical monitoring data spanning 1000 days from 2003 December to 2006 June for the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1004+ 4112. The time delay between the A and B images is Delta t(BA) = 38.4 +/- 2.0 days ( Delta x(2) 2 = 4) in the expected sense that B leads A and the overall time ordering is C- B- A- D- E. The measured delay invalidates all published models. The models probably failed because they neglected the perturbations from cluster member galaxies. Models including the galaxies can fit the data well, but conclusions about the cluster mass distribution should await the measurement of the longer, and less substructure sensitive, delays of the C and D images. For these images, a delay of Delta t(CB) similar or equal to 681 +/- 15 days is plausible but requires confirmation, while delays of Delta t(CB) > 560 days and Delta t(AD) > 800 days are required. We clearly detect microlensing of the A/B images, with the delay- corrected flux ratios changing from m(B) - m(A) = 0.44 +/- 0.01 mag in the first season to 0.29 +/- 0.01 mag in the second season and 0.32 +/- 0.01 mag in the third season. C1 Heidelberg Univ, Astron Rech Inst, Zent Astron, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FLWO, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 62 EP 71 DI 10.1086/518018 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400005 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Lidz, A Hernquist, L Coil, AL Myers, AD Cox, TJ Spergel, DN AF Hopkins, Philip F. Lidz, Adam Hernquist, Lars Coil, Alison L. Myers, Adam D. Cox, Thomas J. Spergel, David N. TI The co-formation of spheroids and quasars traced in their clustering SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; quasars : general ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; QSO REDSHIFT SURVEY; PHOTOMETRICALLY CLASSIFIED QUASARS; DARK-MATTER HALOES; NEAR-INFRARED PROPERTIES; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES AB We compare observed clustering of quasars and galaxies as a function of redshift, mass, luminosity, and color/morphology, to constrain models of quasar fueling and the co-evolution of spheroids and supermassive black holes (BHs). High-redshift quasars are shown to be drawn from the progenitors of local early-type galaxies, with the characteristic quasar luminosity L* reflecting a characteristic mass of " active'' BH/host populations at each epoch. Evolving observed high-z quasar clustering to z = 0 predicts a trend of clustering in "quasar remnants'' as a function of stellar mass identical to that observed for early types. However, quasar clustering does not simply reflect observed early (or late) type populations; at each redshift, quasars cluster as an " intermediate'' population. Comparing with the age of elliptical stellar populations as a function of mass reveals that this " intermediate'' population represents those ellipticals undergoing or terminating their final significant star formation activity at the given epoch. Assuming that quasar triggering is associated with the formation/termination epoch of ellipticals predicts quasar clustering at all observed redshifts without any model dependence or assumptions about quasar light curves, lifetimes, or accretion rates. This is not true for disks or quasar halos; i. e., quasars do not generically trace star formation or halo assembly. Quasar clustering at all redshifts is consistent with similar to 4 x 10(12) h(-1) M-circle dot, similar to group scales. This supports scenarios in which major mergers dominate the bright, high-redshift quasar populations. We show how improved clustering measurements can be used to constrain lower luminosity AGN fueling and whether or not accretion /star formation can " shut down'' at z > 3. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Spergel, David/A-4410-2011 NR 187 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 110 EP 130 DI 10.1086/517512 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400009 ER PT J AU Haro-Corzo, SAR Binette, L Krongold, Y Benitez, E Humphrey, A Nicastro, F Rodriguez-Martinez, M AF Haro-Corzo, Sinhue A. R. Binette, Luc Krongold, Yair Benitez, Erika Humphrey, Andrew Nicastro, Fabrizio Rodriguez-Martinez, Mario TI Energy distribution of individual quasars from far-ultraviolet to X-rays. I. Intrinsic ultraviolet hardness and dust opacities SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE dust, extinction; galaxies : ISM; quasars : general; ultraviolet : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; PRESSURE-DOMINATED PHOTOIONIZATION; OPTICALLY SELECTED QUASARS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; PALOMAR-GREEN QUASARS; NARROW-LINE REGIONS; 3CR RADIO GALAXIES; ACCRETION DISKS; BROAD EMISSION AB Using Chandra and HST archival data, we have studied the individual SED of 11 quasars at redshifts 0.3 < z < 1. 8. All UV spectra show a spectral break around 1100 angstrom. Five X-ray spectra showed the presence of a "soft excess,'' and seven spectra showed an intrinsic absorption. We found that for most quasars a simple extrapolation of the far-UV power law into the X-ray domain generally lies below the X-ray data and that the big blue bump and the soft X-ray excess do not share a common physical origin. We explore the issue of whether the observed SED might be dust absorbed in the far-and near-UV. We fit the UV break, assuming a power law that is absorbed by cubic nanodiamond dust grains. We then explore the possibility of a universal SED (with a unique spectral index) by including further absorption from SMC-like extinction. Using this approach, satisfactory fits to the spectra can be obtained. The hydrogen column densities required by either nanodiamonds or amorphous dust models are all consistent, except for one object, with the columns deduced by our X-ray analysis, provided that the C depletion is similar to 0.6. Because dust absorption implies a flux recovery in the EUV (< 700 8), our modeling opens the possibility that the intrinsic quasar SED is much harder and more luminous in the EUV than inferred from the near-UV data, as required by photoionization models of the broad emission line region. We conclude that the intrinsic UV SED must undergo a sharp turnover before the X-ray domain. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Nucl Sci, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Humphrey, Andrew/M-4118-2013; OI Humphrey, Andrew/0000-0002-0510-2351; Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364; Rodriguez-Martinez, Mario/0000-0002-5358-0681 NR 103 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 145 EP 165 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400011 ER PT J AU Hardcastle, MJ Kraft, RP Worrall, DM Croston, JH Evans, DA Birkinshaw, M Murray, SS AF Hardcastle, M. J. Kraft, R. P. Worrall, D. M. Croston, J. H. Evans, D. A. Birkinshaw, M. Murray, S. S. TI The interaction between radio lobes and hot gas in the nearby radio galaxies 3C 285 and 3C 442A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY-EMISSION; MAGNETIC-FIELD STRENGTHS; TELESCOPE SNAPSHOT SURVEY; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; LOW-REDSHIFT; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; SOURCE COUNTERPARTS; INTRAGROUP MEDIUM; BINARY GALAXIES; RICH CLUSTERS AB We present Chandra observations of two nearby radio galaxies in group environments, 3C 285 and 3C 442A. The host galaxies of both sources are involved in mergers with nearby massive galaxies, and the hot gas in the systems is extended along lines joining the interacting galaxies. Both sources show strong evidence for interactions between the radio lobes and the asymmetrical hot gas. We argue that the structure in the hot gas is independent of the existence of the radio lobes in these systems and further that hot gas shaped by an ongoing massive galaxy merger may play an important role in the dynamics of radio lobes in other objects. For 3C 442A, our observations show that gas is being driven out of both members of the host interacting galaxy pair, and the implied constraints on galaxy velocities are consistent with mildly supersonic motions with respect to the group- scale hot gas. The previously known filamentary radio structure in the center of 3C 442A may be a result of the interaction between hot gas expelled from these galaxies and preexisting radio- emitting plasma. In 3C 285, where there is no ongoing galaxy merger, the powerful radio source is probably having a significant effect on the energetics of the host group. C1 Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012 OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117 NR 69 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 166 EP 181 DI 10.1086/517997 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400012 ER PT J AU Padovani, P Giommi, P Landt, H Perlman, ES AF Padovani, Paolo Giommi, Paolo Landt, Hermine Perlman, Eric S. TI The deep X-ray radio blazar survey. III. Radio number counts, evolutionary properties, and luminosity function of blazars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : general; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; quasars : general; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RILEY-I GALAXIES; COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; LAC OBJECTS; OPTICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; PARENT POPULATION; REDSHIFT CUTOFF; LOUD QUASARS AB Our knowledge of the blazar surface densities and luminosity functions, which are fundamental parameters, relies still on samples at relatively high flux limits. As a result, our understanding of this rare class of active galactic nuclei is mostly based on relatively bright and intrinsically luminous sources. We present the radio number counts, evolutionary properties, and luminosity functions of the faintest blazar sample with basically complete (similar to 95%) identifications. Based on the Deep X-Ray Radio Blazar Survey (DXRBS), it includes 129 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and 24 BL Lac objects down to a 5 GHz flux and power similar to 50 mJy and similar to 10(24) W Hz-(1) 1, respectively, an order of magnitude improvement as compared to previously published (radio-selected) blazar samples. DXRBS FSRQs are seen to evolve strongly, up to redshift approximate to 1.5, above which high-power sources show a decline in their comoving space density. DXRBS BL Lac objects, on the other hand, do not evolve. High-energy and low-energy peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs and LBLs, respectively) share the same lack of cosmological evolution, which is at variance with some previous results. The observed luminosity functions are in good agreement with the predictions of unified schemes, with FSRQs getting close to their expected minimum power. Despite the fact that the large majority of our blazars are FSRQs, BL Lac objects are intrinsically similar to 50 times more numerous. Finally, the relative numbers of HBLs and LBLs in the radio and X-ray bands are different from those predicted by the so-called blazar sequence and support a scenario in which HBLs represent a small minority (approximate to 10%) of all BL Lac objects. C1 European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. ASDC, ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Astron Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM Paolo.Padovani@eso.org OI giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Padovani, Paolo/0000-0002-4707-6841; Perlman, Eric/0000-0002-3099-1664 NR 69 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 182 EP 198 DI 10.1086/516815 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400013 ER PT J AU Carson, JE Kildea, J Ong, RA Ball, J Bramel, DA Covault, CE Driscoll, D Fortin, P Gingrich, DM Hanna, DS Lindner, T Mueller, C Jarvis, A Mukherjee, R Ragan, K Scalzo, RA Williams, DA Zweerink, J AF Carson, J. E. Kildea, J. Ong, R. A. Ball, J. Bramel, D. A. Covault, C. E. Driscoll, D. Fortin, P. Gingrich, D. M. Hanna, D. S. Lindner, T. Mueller, C. Jarvis, A. Mukherjee, R. Ragan, K. Scalzo, R. A. Williams, D. A. Zweerink, J. TI The energy spectrum of the blazar Markarian 421 above 130 GeV SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL lacertae objects : individual (Markarian 421); galaxies : active; gamma rays : observations ID ACTIVE GALAXY MARKARIAN-421; SIMULTANEOUS X-RAY; STRONG FLARES; CRAB-NEBULA; TEV PHOTONS; STACEE; MKN-421; VARIABILITY; TELESCOPES; EVOLUTION AB Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) was the first blazar detected at gamma-ray energies above 300 GeV, and it remains one of only twelve TeV blazars detected to date. TeV gamma-ray measurements of its flaring activity and spectral variability have placed constraints on models of the high-energy emission from blazars. However, observations between 50 and 300 GeVare rare, and the high-energy peak of the spectral energy distribution (SED), predicted to be in this range, has never been directly detected. We present a detection of Mrk 421 above 100 GeV as made by the Solar Tower Atmospheric Cherenkov Effect Experiment (STACEE) during a multiwavelength campaign in early 2004. STACEE is a ground-based atmospheric Cherenkov telescope using the wave-front sampling technique to detect gamma rays at lower energies than achieved by most imaging Cherenkov telescopes. We also outline a method for reconstructing gamma-ray energies using a solar heliostat telescope. This technique was applied to the 2004 data, and we present the differential energy spectrum of Mrk 421 above 130 GeV. Assuming a differential photon flux dN/dE proportional to E-alpha , we measure a spectral index alpha = 2: 1 +/- 0: 2(stat) (+0.2)(-0.1sys). Finally, we discuss the STACEE spectrum in the context of the multiwavelength results from the same epoch. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Interact Brokers, Greenwich, CT 06830 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. OI Scalzo, Richard/0000-0003-3740-1214 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1086/516818 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400014 ER PT J AU Stawarz, L Cheung, CC Harris, DE Ostrowski, M AF Stawarz, L. Cheung, C. C. Harris, D. E. Ostrowski, M. TI The electron energy distribution in the hotspots of Cygnus A: Filling the gap with the Spitzer Space Telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; galaxies : individual (Cygnus A); galaxies : jets; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; X-RAY-EMISSION; MAGNETOSONIC SHOCK-WAVES; HOT-SPOTS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; RELATIVISTIC JETS; SYNCHROTRON SPECTRA; PLASMA COMPOSITION; OPTICAL-EMISSION; COSMIC-RAYS AB Here we present Spitzer Space Telescope imaging of Cyg A with the Infrared Array Camera at 4.5 and 8.0 mu m, resulting in the detection of the high-energy tails in the synchrotron spectra for all four hotspots of this radio galaxy. When combined with the other data collected from the literature, our observations allow for detailed modeling of the broadband emission for the brightest hotspots, A and D. We confirm that the X-ray flux detected previously from these features is consistent with the synchrotron self-Compton radiation for the magnetic field intensity B approximate to 170 mu G in hotspot A, and B approximate to 270 mu G in hotspot D. We also find that the energy density of the emitting electrons is most likely larger by a factor of a few than the energy density of the hotspots' magnetic field. We construct energy spectra of the radiating ultrarelativistic electrons. We find that for both hotspots A and D these spectra are consistent with a broken power law extending from at least 100 MeV up to similar to 100 GeV, and that the spectral break corresponds almost exactly to the proton rest energy of similar to 1 GeV. We argue that the shape of the electron continuum most likely reflects two different regimes of the electron acceleration process taking place at mildly relativistic shocks, rather than resulting from radiative cooling and/ or absorption effects. In this picture the protons' inertia defines the critical energy for the hotspot electrons, above which Fermi-type acceleration processes may play a major role, but below which the operating acceleration mechanism has to be of a different type. C1 Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM stawarz@slac.stanford.edu; teddy3c@stanford.edu; harris@head-cfa.harvard.edu; mio@oa.uj.edu.pl NR 63 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1086/517966 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400016 ER PT J AU Takakuwa, S Ohashi, N Bourke, TL Hirano, N Ho, PTP Jorgensen, JK Kuan, YJ Wilner, DJ Yeh, SCC AF Takakuwa, Shigehisa Ohashi, Nagayoshi Bourke, Tyler L. Hirano, Naomi Ho, Paul T. P. Jorgensen, Jes K. Kuan, Yi-Jehng Wilner, David J. Yeh, Sherry C. C. TI Arcsecond-resolution submillimeter HCN imaging of the binary protostar IRAS 16293-2422 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (IRAS 16293-2422); ISM : molecules; stars : formation ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MASS STAR-FORMATION; L1551 IRS 5; SMALL-SCALE STRUCTURE; DISK-LIKE ENVELOPE; IRAS 16293-2422; MOLECULAR CLOUD; DENSE CORES; HOT CORE; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS AB With the Submillimeter Array (SMA) we have made high angular resolution (similar to 100 = 160 AU) observations of the protobinary system IRAS 16293-2422 in the HCN (4-3), (HCN)-N-15 (4-3), and 354.5 GHz continuum emission. The HCN (4-3) line was also observed using the JCMT to supply missing short-spacing information. The submillimeter continuum emission is detected from the individual binary components of source A in the southeast and source B in the northwest, with a separation of similar to 5 ''. The optically thin (HCN)-N-15 (4-3) emission taken with the SMA has revealed a compact (similar to 500 AU) flattened structure (P.A. =-16 degrees) at source A. This compact structure shows a velocity gradient along the projected minor axis, which can be interpreted as an infalling gas motion. Our HCN image including the short-spacing information shows an extended (similar to 3000 AU) circumbinary envelope, as well as the compact structure at source A. A toy model consisting of a flattened structure with radial infall toward a 1M(circle dot) central star reproduces the HCN/(HCN)-N-15 position-velocity diagram along the minor axis of the (HCN)-N-15 emission. In the extended envelope there is also a northeast (blue) to southwest (red) velocity gradient across the binary alignment, which is likely to reflect gas motion in the swept-up dense gas associated with the molecular outflow from source A. Only a weak and narrow (similar to 2 km s-1) compact (HCN)-N-15 emission is associated with source B, where no clear molecular outflow is identified, suggesting the different evolutionary starges between sources A and B. Our study demonstrates the importance of adding short-spacing data to interferometer data in order to probe the detailed structure and kinematics of low-mass protostellar envelopes. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Submillimeter Array Project, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Natl Astron Observ, ALMA Project Off, Tokyo 181, Japan. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 116, Taiwan. EM takakuwa@nao.ac.jp NR 86 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 431 EP 442 DI 10.1086/513589 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400034 ER PT J AU Torres, G Latham, DW Stefanik, RP AF Torres, Guillermo Latham, David W. Stefanik, Robert P. TI Cross-correlation in four dimensions: Application to the quadruple-lined spectroscopic system HD 110555 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : spectroscopic; binaries : visual; methods : data analysis; stars : individual (HD 110555); techniques : spectroscopic ID MULTIPLE STELLAR-SYSTEMS; CLOSE BINARY STARS; RADIAL-VELOCITY; COMPOSITE SPECTRA; ORBITAL ELEMENTS; MASS STARS; TODCOR; COMPONENTS; REDSHIFTS; DRACONIS AB We develop a technique to measure radial velocities of stars from spectra that present four sets of lines. The algorithm is an extension of the two-dimensional cross-correlation method TODCOR to four dimensions. It computes the correlation of the observed spectrum against a combination of four templates with all possible shifts, and it also allows for the derivation of the light ratios of the components. After testing the algorithm and demonstrating its ability to measure Doppler shifts accurately even under conditions of heavy line blending, we apply it to the case of the quadruple-lined system HD 110555. The primary and secondary components of this previously known visual binary (rho similar to 0.400) are each shown to be double-lined spectroscopic binaries with periods of 57 days and 76 days, respectively, making the system a hierarchical quadruple. The secondary in the 76 day subsystem contributes only 2.5% to the total light, illustrating the ability of the method to measure velocities of very faint components. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu; dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu; rstefanik@cfa.harvard.edu NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 602 EP 612 DI 10.1086/516836 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400049 ER PT J AU O'Donovan, FT Charbonneau, D Alonso, R Brown, TM Mandushev, G Dunham, EW Latham, DW Stefanik, RP Torres, G Everett, ME AF O'Donovan, Francis T. Charbonneau, David Alonso, Roi Brown, Timothy M. Mandushev, Georgi Dunham, Edward W. Latham, David W. Stefanik, Robert P. Torres, Guillermo Everett, Mark E. TI Outcome of six candidate transiting planets from a TrES field in Andromeda SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; techniques : photometric; techniques : radial velocities ID ASTROPHYSICAL FALSE POSITIVES; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; LIGHT-CURVE PROJECT; DOPPLER FOLLOW-UP; TYCHO-2 CATALOG; SEARCH; TELESCOPE; STAR; SCINTILLATION; CONFIRMATION AB Driven by the incomplete understanding of the formation of gas giant extrasolar planets and of their mass-radius relationship, several ground-based, wide-field photometric campaigns are searching the skies for new transiting extrasolar gas giants. As part of the Trans-atlantic Exoplanet Survey (TrES), in 2003/2004 we monitored approximately 30,000 stars (9.5 <= V <= 15.5) in a 5.7 degrees x 5.7 degrees field in Andromeda with three telescopes over 5 months. We identified six candidate transiting planets from the stellar light curves. From subsequent follow-up observations we rejected each of these as an astrophysical false positive, i.e., a stellar system containing an eclipsing binary, whose light curve mimics that of a Jupiter-sized planet transiting a Sunlike star. We discuss here the procedures followed by the TrES team to reject false positives from our list of candidate transiting hot Jupiters. We present these candidates as early examples of the various types of astrophysical false positives found in the TrES campaign, and discuss what we learned from the analysis. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Astrophys Lab, Marseille, France. Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Alonso, Roi/D-8799-2014; O'Donovan, Francis/I-2423-2014 OI Alonso, Roi/0000-0001-8462-8126; O'Donovan, Francis/0000-0002-4858-6106 NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 662 IS 1 BP 658 EP 668 DI 10.1086/513684 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176HB UT WOS:000247074400054 ER PT J AU LaDeau, SL Kilpatrick, AM Marra, PP AF LaDeau, Shannon L. Kilpatrick, A. Marm Marra, Peter P. TI West Nile virus emergence and large-scale declines of North American bird populations SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; BIODIVERSITY; TRANSMISSION; WILDLIFE; ECOLOGY AB Emerging infectious diseases present a formidable challenge to the conservation of native species in the twenty-first century(1). Diseases caused by introduced pathogens have had large impacts on species abundances(2), including the American chestnut(3), Hawaiian bird species(4) and many amphibians(5). Changes in host population sizes can lead to marked shifts in community composition and ecosystem functioning(3,4,6). However, identifying the impacts of an introduced disease and distinguishing it from other forces that influence population dynamics ( for example, climate(7)) is challenging and requires abundance data that extend before and after the introduction(2,5). Here we use 26 yr of Breeding Bird Survey ( BBS)(8) data to determine the impact of West Nile virus ( WNV) on 20 potential avian hosts across North America. We demonstrate significant changes in population trajectories for seven species from four families that concur with a priori predictions and the spatio-temporal intensity of pathogen transmission. The American crow population declined by up to 45% since WNV arrival, and only two of the seven species with documented impact recovered to pre-WNV levels by 2005. Our findings demonstrate the potential impacts of an invasive species on a diverse faunal assemblage across broad geographical scales, and underscore the complexity of subsequent community response. C1 Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY 10001 USA. RP LaDeau, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM ladeaus@si.edu OI LaDeau, Shannon/0000-0003-4825-5435 NR 30 TC 233 Z9 253 U1 9 U2 136 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 447 IS 7145 BP 710 EP U13 DI 10.1038/nature05829 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 175RI UT WOS:000247030700043 PM 17507930 ER PT J AU Kress, WJ Erickson, DL AF Kress, W. John Erickson, David L. TI A Two-Locus Global DNA Barcode for Land Plants: The Coding rbcL Gene Complements the Non-Coding trnH-psbA Spacer Region SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background. A useful DNA barcode requires sufficient sequence variation to distinguish between species and ease of application across a broad range of taxa. Discovery of a DNA barcode for land plants has been limited by intrinsically lower rates of sequence evolution in plant genomes than that observed in animals. This low rate has complicated the trade-off in finding a locus that is universal and readily sequenced and has sufficiently high sequence divergence at the species-level. Methodology/Principal Findings. Here, a global plant DNA barcode system is evaluated by comparing universal application and degree of sequence divergence for nine putative barcode loci, including coding and non-coding regions, singly and in pairs across a phylogenetically diverse set of 48 genera (two species per genus). No single locus could discriminate among species in a pair in more than 79% of genera, whereas discrimination increased to nearly 88% when the non-coding trnH-psbA spacer was paired with one of three coding loci, including rbcL. In silico trials were conducted in which DNA sequences from GenBank were used to further evaluate the discriminatory power of a subset of these loci. These trials supported the earlier observation that trnH-psbA coupled with rbcL can correctly identify and discriminate among related species. Conclusions/Significance. A combination of the non-coding trnH-psbA spacer region and a portion of the coding rbcL gene is recommended as a two-locus global land plant barcode that provides the necessary universality and species discrimination. C1 [Kress, W. John; Erickson, David L.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kress, WJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM kressj@si.edu FU Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History; United States Botanic Garden FX This work was supported by the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History and the United States Botanic Garden. NR 35 TC 431 Z9 513 U1 8 U2 86 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 6 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 6 AR e508 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000508 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10GC UT WOS:000207451500017 PM 17551588 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL Korytkowski, CA AF Norrbom, Allen L. Korytkowski, Cheslavo A. TI A new species, new synonymy, and taxonomic notes in the Anastrepha schausi group (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha; Tephritidae; fruit flies; taxonomy AB Anastrepha fuscicauda Norrbom & Korytkowski, new species, is described from Panama. Anastrepha bellicauda Norrbom is considered a new junior synonym of A. lutea Stone, a sexually dimorphic species which is redescribed. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Panama, Programa Maestria Entomol, Panama City, Panama. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM anorrbom@sel.barc.usda.gov; cheslavok@cwpanama.net NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 4 PY 2007 IS 1497 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 174CX UT WOS:000246919900005 ER PT J AU Howard, A Horowitz, P Mead, C Sreetharan, P Gallicchio, J Howard, S Coldwell, C Zajac, J Sliski, A AF Howard, Andrew Horowitz, Paul Mead, Curtis Sreetharan, Pratheev Gallicchio, Jason Howard, Steve Coldwell, Charles Zajac, Joe Sliski, Alan TI Initial results from Harvard all-sky optical SETI SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th Congress of the International-Astronautical-Federation (IAF) CY OCT 02-06, 2006 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP Int Astronaut Federat, Int Acad Astronaut, Int Inst Space Law DE extraterrestrial intelligence; astrobiology; instrumentation; detectors ID SEARCH AB We report initial results from the Harvard/Planetary Society all-sky search for pulsed optical signals from other civilizations, which saw "first light" on 11 April 2006 after 6 years of planning and construction. To survey the northern sky (-20 degrees < delta < + 70 degrees), our 1.8-m spherical f/2.5 optical telescope images a 1.6 degrees x 0.2 degrees patch of sky on two matched focal planes with a total of 1024 photomultiplier tube pixels. Each pair of pixels images the same 2.3 square arcminute patch of sky, and fast electronics filters the incoming visual band light for nanosecond pulses. Coincident optical flashes in a pair of pixels triggers one of 32 PulseNet full-custom chips to record the pulse profiles at nanosecond resolution. This experiment is an all-sky, kilopixel evolution of our targeted search. Its meridian transit survey mode requires similar to 150 clear nights to cover the northern sky with 1-min dwell time per source point. Focus in this talk will be given to describing the capabilities of the all-sky search instrument, the first few months observations, and constraints that these observations place on the density of pulsed optical signals in the galaxy. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Howard, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM andrew@alum.mit.edu NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD JUN-AUG PY 2007 VL 61 IS 1-6 SI SI BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.01.038 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 177MQ UT WOS:000247157600010 ER PT J AU Uhen, MD AF Uhen, Mark D. TI Evolution of marine mammals: Back to the sea after 300 million years SO ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cetacea; sirenia; pinnipedia; carnirora; desmostylia; feeding ecology; aquatic adaptation ID MIDDLE EOCENE; WHALES; ORIGIN; CETACEAN; PHYLOGENY; PAKISTAN; PERU; ARTIODACTYLS; PREFERENCES; ADAPTATION AB The fossil record demonstrates that mammals re-entered the marine realm on at least seven separate occasions. Five of these clades are still extant, whereas two are extinct. This review presents a brief introduction to the phylogeny of each group of marine mammals, based on the latest studies using both morphological and molecular data. Evolutionary highlights are presented, focusing on changes affecting the sensory systems, locomotion, breathing, feeding, and reproduction in Cetacea, Sirenia, Desmostylia, and Pinnipedia. Aquatic adaptations are specifically cited, supported by data from morphological and geochemical studies. For example, analysis of oxygen isotopes incorporated into fossil tooth enamel indicates whether these mammals foraged in (and, therefore, ingested) fresh water or sea water. Comparisons between groups are made to see if there are any common patterns, particularly relating to adaptations to aquatic life. Results show that aquatic characteristics evolved in mosaic patterns and that different morphological solutions to aquatic conditions were achieved separately in each of these groups. Changes in the axial and appendicular skeleton assist with locomotion for aquatic foraging. Nostril and eye placement modifications accommodate wading versus underwater foraging needs. All groups exhibit aquatic adaptations directly related to feeding, particularly changes in the dentition and rostrum. The earliest representatives of these clades all show morphological features that indicate they were feeding while in the water, suggesting that feeding ecology is a key factor in the evolution of marine mammals. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Uhen, MD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM uhenm@si.edu NR 66 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 11 U2 94 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1932-8486 EI 1932-8494 J9 ANAT REC JI Anat. Rec. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 290 IS 6 BP 514 EP 522 DI 10.1002/ar.20545 PG 9 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 172IT UT WOS:000246798300004 PM 17516441 ER PT J AU Bernal, XE Rand, AS Ryan, MJ AF Bernal, Ximena E. Rand, A. Stanley Ryan, Michael J. TI Sex differences in response to nonconspecific advertisement calls: receiver permissiveness in male and female tungara frogs SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE acoustic communication; physalaemus pustulosus; sexual selection; signal recognition; tungara frog; vocal competition ID PUSTULOSUS SPECIES GROUP; PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; NEOTROPICAL TREEFROG; POPULATION VARIATION; LEPTODACTYLID FROGS; SWAMP SPARROWS; HYLA-EBRACCATA; VOCAL BEHAVIOR; SONG; RECOGNITION AB In many species, males advertise to both male and female audiences. Given the asymmetry in fitness costs of recognition errors in response to mating signals for the sexes, usually higher for females than males, males are expected to be more permissive than females in their responses to signals. Few studies, however, have investigated such differences and there is no consensus on which sex is more permissive to signal variation. We examined the evoked vocal responses of male tungara frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus, to 14 species of heterospecic and ancestral male mating calls to evaluate the influence of call similarity and phylogenetic distance on their responses. We also compared male calling responses to female phonotactic responses to examine the propensity of response errors between the sexes. Recognition errors were higher for males than females, as predicted by the different costs associated with recognition errors for each sex. Males responded to the calls of most species with mating calls, and produced aggressive calls in response to two other heterospecific/ancestral calls. The responses of males were explained by phylogenetic distance but not by overall call similarity. Similarly, females were more likely to show phonotaxis to calls of species and ancestors that were more closely related. Therefore, evolutionary history has left a perceptual footprint on the brain of both sexes but the details seem to differ. We discuss proximate reasons underlying sexual differences in receiver permissiveness in tungara frogs and potential factors leading to their evolution. (C) 2007 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Bernal, XE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat, C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM xbernal@mail.utexas.edu NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 73 BP 955 EP 964 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.10.018 PN 6 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 185SM UT WOS:000247730700004 ER PT J AU Soufli, R Baker, SL Windt, DL Gullikson, EM Robinson, JC Podgorski, WA Golub, L AF Soufli, Regina Baker, Sherry L. Windt, David L. Gullikson, Eric M. Robinson, Jeff C. Podgorski, William A. Golub, Leon TI Atomic force microscopy characterization of Zerodur mirror substrates for the extreme ultraviolet telescopes aboard NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-SURFACES AB The high-spatial frequency roughness of a mirror operating at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths is crucial for the reflective performance and is subject to very stringent specifications. To understand and predict mirror performance, precision metrology is required for measuring the surface roughness. Zero-dur mirror substrates made by two different polishing vendors for a suite of EUV telescopes for solar physics were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM measurements revealed features in the topography of each substrate that are associated with specific polishing techniques. Theoretical predictions of the mirror performance based on the AFM-measured high-spatial-frequency roughness are in good agreement with EUV reflectance measurements of the mirrors after multilayer coating. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Reflect Xray Opt LLC, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Soufli, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM regina.soufli@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 16 BP 3156 EP 3163 DI 10.1364/AO.46.003156 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 172IR UT WOS:000246798000013 PM 17514269 ER PT J AU Martin, S AF Martin, Sergio TI Observing the molecular composition of galaxies SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM smartin@cfa.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA O1 BP 476 EP 476 DI 10.1089/ast.2007.1016 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900006 ER PT J AU Howard, AW Horowitz, P Mead, C Sreetharan, P Gallicchio, JR Howard, SR Coldwell, CM Sliski, A Zajac, JM AF Howard, Andrew W. Horowitz, Paul Mead, Curtis Sreetharan, Pratheev Gallicchio, Jason R. Howard, Steve R. Coldwell, Charles M. Sliski, Alan Zajac, Joseph M. TI Harvard all-sky optical SETI - Results from the first year of observations SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. EM andrew@alum.mit.edu RI Howard, Andrew/D-4148-2015 OI Howard, Andrew/0000-0001-8638-0320 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA O28 BP 484 EP 485 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900033 ER PT J AU Latham, DW AF Latham, David W. TI Towards Earth-like planets SO ASTROBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. EM dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1531-1074 J9 ASTROBIOLOGY JI Astrobiology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 3 MA O37 BP 488 EP 488 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA 191YC UT WOS:000248166900042 ER PT J AU Maddox, LA Cowan, JJ Kilgard, RE Schinnerer, E Stockdale, CJ AF Maddox, L. A. Cowan, J. J. Kilgard, R. E. Schinnerer, E. Stockdale, C. J. TI A study of compact radio sources in nearby face-on spiral galaxies. II. Multiwavelength analyses of sources in M51 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 5194); HII regions; radio continuum : galaxies; supernova remnants; X-rays : galaxies ID H 2 REGIONS; CHANDRA; SUPERNOVAE; RESOLUTION; EMISSION; NUCLEUS AB We report the analysis of deep radio observations of the interacting galaxy system M51 from the Very Large Array, with the goal of understanding the nature of the population of compact radio sources in nearby spiral galaxies. We detect 107 compact radio sources, 64% of which have optical counterparts in a deep H alpha Hubble Space Telescope image. Thirteen of the radio sources have X-ray counterparts from a Chandra observation of M51. We find that six of the associated H alpha sources are young supernova remnants ( SNRs) with resolved shells. Most of the SNRs exhibit steep radio continuum spectral indices consistent with synchrotron emission. We detect emission from the Type Ic SN 1994I nearly a decade after explosion: the emission ( 160 +/- 22 mu Jy beam(-1) at 20 cm, 46 +/- 11 mu Jy beam(-1) at 6 cm, alpha = -1. 02 +/- 0. 28) is consistent with light- curve models for Type Ib/ Ic supernovae. We detect X- ray emission from the supernova; however, no optical counterpart is present. We report on the analysis of the Seyfert 2 nucleus in this galaxy, including the evidence for bipolar outflows from the central black hole. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Maddox, LA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 2559 EP 2568 DI 10.1086/515573 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 175BO UT WOS:000246987400011 ER PT J AU Giovanelli, R Haynes, MP Kent, BR Saintonge, A Stierwalt, S Altaf, A Balonek, T Brosch, N Brown, S Catinella, B Furniss, A Goldstein, J Hoffman, GL Koopmann, RA Kornreich, DA Mahmood, B Martin, AM Masters, KL Mitschang, A Momjian, E Nair, PH Rosenberg, JL Walsh, B AF Giovanelli, Riccardo Haynes, Martha P. Kent, Brian R. Saintonge, Amelie Stierwalt, Sabrina Altaf, Adeel Balonek, Thomas Brosch, Noah Brown, Shea Catinella, Barbara Furniss, Amy Goldstein, Josh Hoffman, G. Lyle Koopmann, Rebecca A. Kornreich, David A. Mahmood, Bilal Martin, Ann M. Masters, Karen L. Mitschang, Arik Momjian, Emmanuel Nair, Prasanth H. Rosenberg, Jessica L. Walsh, Brian TI The Arecibo legacy fast alfa survey. III. HI source catalog of the Northern Virgo Cluster Region SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : halos; galaxies : luminosity function, mass function; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : spiral; radio lines : galaxies ID ALL-SKY SURVEY; HIPASS CATALOG; GALAXIES; RELIABILITY; DEFICIENCY; FIELD AB We present the first installment of H I sources extracted from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA ( ALFALFA) extragalactic survey, initiated in 2005. Sources have been extracted from three-dimensional spectral data cubes exploiting a matched filtering technique and then examined interactively to yield global H I parameters. A total of 730 H I detections are cataloged within the solid angle 11(h)44(m) < R: A: ( J2000:0) < 14(h)00(m) and + 12 degrees < decl: ( J2000:0) < + 16 degrees and redshift range - 1600 km s(-1) < cz < 18;000 km s(-1). In comparison, the H I Parkes All-Sky Survey detected 40 H I signals in the same region. Optical counterparts are assigned via examination of digital optical imaging databases. ALFALFA H I detections are reported for three distinct classes of signals: ( 1) detections, typically with S/N > 6.5, ( 2) high-velocity clouds in the Milky Way or its periphery, and ( 3) signals of lower S/N ( to similar to 4.5) which coincide spatially with an optical object of known similar redshift. Although this region of the sky has been heavily surveyed by previous targeted observations based on optical flux - or size-limited samples, 69% of the extracted sources are newly reported H I detections. The resulting positional accuracy of H I sources is dependent on S/N: it averages 2400 ( 20" median) for all sources with S/N > 6: 5 and is of order similar to 17" ( 14" median) for signals with S/N > 12. The median redshift of the sample is similar to 7000 km s(-1), and its distribution reflects the known local large-scale structure including the Virgo Cluster and the void behind it, the A1367-Coma supercluster at cz similar to 7000 km s(-1), and a third, more distant overdensity at cz similar to 13; 000 km s(-1). Distance uncertainties in and around the Virgo Cluster perturb the derived H I mass distribution. Specifically, an apparent deficiency of the lowest H I mass objects can be attributed, at least in part, to the incorrect assignment of some foreground objects to the cluster distance. Several extended H I features are found in the vicinity of the Virgo Cluster. A small percentage ( 6%) of H I detections have no identifiable optical counterpart, more than half of which are high-velocity clouds in the Milky Way vicinity; the remaining 17 objects do not appear connected to or associated with any known galaxy. Based on these initial results, ALFALFA is expected to fulfill, and even exceed, its predicted performance objectives in terms of the number and quality of H I detections. C1 Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Lafayette Coll, Hugel Sci Ctr, Easton, PA 18042 USA. Colgate Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Phys, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Union Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Giovanelli, R (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM riccardo@astro.cornell.edu; haynes@astro.cornell.edu; bkent@astro.cornell.edu; amelie@astro.cornell.edu; sabrina@astro.cornell.edu; altafa@lafayette.edu; tbalonek@mail.colgate.edu; noah@wise.tau.ac.il; brown@astro.umn.edu; bcatinel@naic.edu; dak24@humboldt.edu; goldstj@lafayette.edu; hoffmang@lafayette.edu; koopmanr@union.edu; mahmoodb@union.edu; amartin@astro.cornell.edu; kmasters@cfa.harvard.edu; mahmoodb@union.edu; phnair@astro.indiana.edu; jrosenb4@gmu.edu; bwalsh@bu.edu RI Brosch, Noah/C-7889-2009; Walsh, Brian/C-4899-2016; OI Walsh, Brian/0000-0001-7426-5413; Catinella, Barbara/0000-0002-7625-562X; Masters, Karen/0000-0003-0846-9578 NR 29 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 2569 EP 2583 DI 10.1086/516635 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 175BO UT WOS:000246987400012 ER PT J AU Torres, G AF Torres, Guillermo TI Astrometric-spectroscopic determination of the absolute masses of the hgmn binary star phi Herculis SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; binaries : spectroscopic; methods : data analysis; stars : chemically peculiar; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (phi Herculis) ID MERCURY-MANGANESE STARS; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCE; Y-2 ISOCHRONES; A-STARS; LATE-B AB The mercury-manganese star phi Her is a well-known spectroscopic binary that has been the subject of a recent study by Zavala and coworkers in which they resolved the companion using long-baseline interferometry. The total mass of the binary is now fairly well established, but the combination of spectroscopy with astrometry has not resulted in individual masses consistent with the spectral types of the components. The motion of the center of light of phi Her was clearly detected by the Hipparcos satellite. Here we make use of the Hipparcos intermediate data ("abscissa residuals'') and show that by combining them in an optimal fashion with the interferometry the individual masses can be obtained reliably using only astrometry. We reexamine and then incorporate existing radial velocity measurements into the orbital solution, obtaining improved masses of 3.05 +/- 0.24 and 1.614 +/- 0.066 M-circle dot that are consistent with the theoretical mass-luminosity relation from recent stellar evolution models. These mass determinations provide important information for the understanding of the nature of this peculiar class of stars. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Torres, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 2684 EP 2695 DI 10.1086/516756 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 175BO UT WOS:000246987400022 ER PT J AU Barmby, P McLaughlin, DE Harris, WE Harris, GLH Forbes, DA AF Barmby, Pauline McLaughlin, Dean E. Harris, William E. Harris, Gretchen L. H. Forbes, Duncan A. TI Structural parameters for globular clusters in M31 and generalizations for the fundamental plane SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M31); galaxies : star clusters; globular clusters : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-CLUSTERS; POPULATION SYNTHESIS; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; DYNAMICAL MODELS; ADVANCED CAMERA; OMEGA-CENTAURI; MAYALL II=G1; LOCAL GROUP; OUTER HALO AB The structures of globular clusters ( GCs) reflect their dynamical states and past histories. High-resolution imaging allows the exploration of morphologies of clusters in other galaxies. Surface brightness profiles from new Hubble Space Telescope observations of 34 GCs in M31 are presented, together with fits of several different structural models to each cluster. M31 clusters appear to be adequately fit by standard King models and do not obviously require alternate descriptions with relatively stronger halos, such as are needed to fit many GCs in other nearby galaxies. The derived structural parameters are combined with corrected versions of those measured in an earlier survey in order to construct a comprehensive catalog of structural and dynamical parameters for M31 GCs with a sample size similar to that for the Milky Way. Clusters in M31, the Milky Way, Magellanic Clouds, the Fornax dwarf spheroidal, and NGC 5128 define a very tight fundamental plane with identical slopes. The combined evidence for these widely different galaxies strongly reinforces the view that old GCs have near-universal structural properties, regardless of host environment. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. RP Barmby, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 NR 67 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 2764 EP 2786 DI 10.1086/516777 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 175BO UT WOS:000246987400029 ER PT J AU Fontenla, JM Curdt, W Avrett, EH Harder, J AF Fontenla, J. M. Curdt, W. Avrett, E. H. Harder, J. TI Log-normal intensity distribution of the quiet-Sun FUV continuum observed by SUMER SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : magnetic fields ID PHOTOSPHERIC DYNAMO; SOLAR; VARIABILITY; INSTABILITY; FEATURES; PLASMA; MODEL AB We analyse observations of the quiet-Sun far ultraviolet (FUV) continuum at various wavelengths near 1430 angstrom obtained by the SUMER instrument on SOHO. According to semi-empirical atmospheric models this continuum originates from the layers in the chromosphere where the temperature rises from low values at near-radiative equilibrium to a plateau of about 6000 K. We study raster images and intensity distribution histograms and find that a single log-normal distribution matches these observations very well, and that the spatial structure observed corresponds to a mixture of features at supergranular and smaller scales that probably correspond to granular clusters. Also, a log-normal distribution was found in the literature to correspond to other chromospheric features and we compare here with histograms obtained from a H I Ly-alpha quiet-Sun image. Because the continuum around 1430 angstrom is mainly produced by Si I recombination it is expected to respond well to deep chromospheric heating and not be directly affected by velocities. The data suggest that chromospheric heating originates through dissipation of magnetic free-energy fields of small size and magnitude in underlying photospheric intergranular lanes. It has been suggested that such fields can be produced by photospheric dynamos at the intergranular scale and/or by complex fields emerging in a "magnetic carpet". Such fields are expected to have sufficient free-energy to power the chromospheric heating. Plasma instabilities, such as the Farley-Buneman instability, would allow this free-energy to be dissipated in the chromosphere. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fontenla, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM fontenla@lasp.colorado.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 468 IS 2 BP 695 EP 699 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066854 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174RC UT WOS:000246959200031 ER PT J AU Barban, C Matthews, JM De Ridder, J Baudin, F Kuschnig, R Mazumdar, A Samadi, R Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, SM Sasselov, D Walker, GAH Weiss, WW AF Barban, C. Matthews, J. M. De Ridder, J. Baudin, F. Kuschnig, R. Mazumdar, A. Samadi, R. Guenther, D. B. Moffat, A. F. J. Rucinski, S. M. Sasselov, D. Walker, G. A. H. Weiss, W. W. TI Detection of solar-like oscillations in the red giant star epsilon Ophiuchi by MOST spacebased photometry SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : oscillations; stars : individual : epsilon Ophiuchi ID P-MODES; XI-HYDRAE; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; HYA AB Context. Solar-like oscillations have been discovered in a few red giants, including epsilon Oph, through spectroscopy. Acoustic modes around 60 mu Hz were clearly seen in this star, but daily aliasing of the groundbased data made it impossible to unambiguously isolate the p-mode frequencies in the eigenspectrum, and hence the correct value of the large spacing, to asteroseismically constrain the mass of this pulsating star. Aims. We obtained about 28 days of contiguous high-precision photometry of epsilon Oph in May-June 2005 with the MOST (Microvariability & Oscillations of STars) satellite. The thorough time sampling removes the ambiguity of the frequency identifications based on the groundbased discovery data. Methods. We identify equidistant peaks in the Fourier spectrum of the MOST photometry in the range where the p-modes were seen spectroscopically. Those peaks are searched by autocorrelation of the power spectrum to estimate the value of the large separation in the p-mode eigenspectrum. Having isolated the oscillation modes, we determine their mode parameters (frequency, amplitude and line width) by fitting the distribution of peaks to Lorentzian profiles. Results. The clear series of equidistant peaks in the power spectrum, with amplitudes from about 30 to 130 ppm, are consistent with radial modes spaced by a mean value of (5.3 +/- 0.1) mu Hz. This large separation matches one of the two possibilities allowed by the groundbased observations thus constraining the stellar models to a much greater extent than previously possible. The line widths and Lorentzian fits indicate a rather short average mode lifetime: (2.7(-0.8)(+0.6)) days. C1 Observ Paris, CNRS, LESIA, UMR 8109, F-92195 Meudon, France. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Barban, C (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, LESIA, UMR 8109, Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM Caroline.Barban@obspm.fr RI Mazumdar, Anwesh/B-1588-2012 NR 21 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 468 IS 3 BP 1033 EP 1038 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066716 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176KR UT WOS:000247084400035 ER PT J AU Beuther, H Zhang, Q Bergin, EA Sridharan, TK Hunter, TR Leurini, S AF Beuther, H. Zhang, Q. Bergin, E. A. Sridharan, T. K. Hunter, T. R. Leurini, S. TI Dust and gas emission in the prototypical hot core G29.96-0.02 at sub-arcsecond resolution SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : molecules; stars : early-type; stars : individual : G29.96-0.02; stars : binaries : close ID ULTRACOMPACT HII-REGIONS; MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DIAGNOSTIC-TOOL; ORION-KL; LINE; METHANOL; TRAPEZIUM AB Context. Hot molecular cores are an early manifestation of massive star formation where the molecular gas is heated to temperatures >100 K undergoing a complex chemistry. Aims. One wants to better understand the physical and chemical processes in this early evolutionary stage. Methods. We selected the prototypical hot molecular core G29.96-0.02 being located at the head of the associated ultracompact HII region. The 862 mu m submm continuum and spectral line data were obtained with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) at sub-arcsecond spatial resolution. Results. The SMA resolved the hot molecular core into six submm continuum sources with the finest spatial resolution of 0.36" x 0.25" (similar to 1800 AU) achieved so far. Four of them located within 7800 (AU)(2) comprise a proto-Trapezium system with estimated protostellar densities of 1.4 x 10(5) protostars/pc(3). The plethora of similar to 80 spectral lines allows us to study the molecular outflow(s), the core kinematics, the temperature structure of the region as well as chemical effects. The derived hot core temperatures are of the order 300 K. We find interesting chemical spatial differentiations, e. g., (CS)-S-34 is deficient toward the hot core and is enhanced at the UCHII/hot core interface, which may be explained by temperature sensitive desorption from grains and following gas phase chemistry. The SiO(8-7) emission outlines likely two molecular outflows emanating from this hot core region. Emission from most other molecules peaks centrally on the hot core and is not dominated by any individual submm peak. Potential reasons for that are discussed. A few spectral lines that are associated with the main submm continuum source, show a velocity gradient perpendicular to the large-scale outflow. Since this velocity structure comprises three of the central protostellar sources, this is not a Keplerian disk. While the data are consistent with a gas core that may rotate and/or collapse, we cannot exclude the outflow(s) and/or nearby expanding UCHII region as possible alternative causes of this velocity pattern. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Beuther, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM beuther@mpia.de; qzhang@cfa.harvard.edu; ebergin@umich.edu; tkshridhara@cfa.harvard.edu; thunter@nrao.edu; sleurini@eso.org OI Hunter, Todd/0000-0001-6492-0090; Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 468 IS 3 BP 1045 EP 1056 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066954 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176KR UT WOS:000247084400037 ER PT J AU Fuente, A Ceccarelli, C Neri, R Alonso-Albi, T Caselli, P Johnstone, D van Dishoeck, EF Wyrowski, F AF Fuente, A. Ceccarelli, C. Neri, R. Alonso-Albi, T. Caselli, P. Johnstone, D. van Dishoeck, E. F. Wyrowski, F. TI Protostellar clusters in intermediate mass (IM) star forming regions SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; stars : individual : Serpens-FIRS 1; stars : individual : IC1396N; stars : individual : CB 3 ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; SERPENS CLOUD CORE; BE STARS; OUTFLOWS; IC1396N AB Context. The transition between the low density groups of T Tauri stars and the high density clusters around massive stars occurs in the intermediate-mass (IM) range (M-v similar to 2-8 M.). High spatial resolution studies of IM young stellar objects (YSO) can provide important clues to understand the clustering in massive star forming regions. Aims. Our aim is to search for clustering in IM Class 0 protostars. The high spatial resolution and sensitivity provided by the new A configuration of the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) allow us to study the clustering in these nearby objects. Methods. We have imaged three IM Class 0 protostars (Serpens-FIRS 1, IC 1396 N, CB 3) in the continuum at 3.3 and 1.3 mm using the PdBI. The sources have been selected with different luminosity to investigate the dependence of the clustering process on the luminosity of the source. Results. Only one millimeter (mm) source is detected towards the low luminosity source Serpens-FIRS 1. Towards CB 3 and IC1396 N, we detect two compact sources separated by similar to 0.05 pc. The 1.3 mm image of IC 1396 N, which provides the highest spatial resolution, reveal that one of these cores is splitted in, at least, three individual sources. C1 OAN, Madrid 28803, Spain. Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Fuente, A (reprint author), OAN, Apdo 112, Madrid 28803, Spain. EM a.fuente@oan.es RI Fuente, Asuncion/G-1468-2016 OI Fuente, Asuncion/0000-0001-6317-6343 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 468 IS 3 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077297 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176KR UT WOS:000247084400004 ER PT J AU Krips, M Neri, R Garcia-Burillo, S Combes, F Schinnerer, E Baker, AJ Eckart, A Boone, F Hunt, L Leon, S Tacconi, LJ AF Krips, M. Neri, R. Garcia-Burillo, S. Combes, F. Schinnerer, E. Baker, A. J. Eckart, A. Boone, F. Hunt, L. Leon, S. Tacconi, L. J. TI Molecular gas in NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA): VI. Detection of a molecular gas disk/torus via HCN in the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 6951? SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : NGC 6951; galaxies : active; galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : Seyfert; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : ISM ID STAR-FORMATION; NEARBY GALAXIES; NGC 6951; CONTINUUM; REGIONS; AGN; NGC-1068; SAMPLE; RING AB Context. Several studies of nearby active galaxies indicate significantly higher HCN-to-CO intensity ratios in AGN (e.g., NGC 1068) than in starburst (e.g., M 82) environments. HCN enhancement can be caused by many different effects, such as higher gas densities and/or temperatures, UV/X-ray radiation, and non-collisional excitation. As active galaxies often exhibit intense circumnuclear star formation, high angular resolution/high sensitivity observations are of paramount importance to disentangling the influence of star formation from that of nuclear activity on the chemistry of the surrounding molecular gas. The tight relation of HCN enhancement and nuclear activity may qualify HCN as an ideal tracer of molecular gas close to the AGN, providing complementary and additional information to that gained via CO. Aims. NGC 6951 houses nuclear and starburst activity, making it an ideal testbed in which to study the effects of different excitation conditions on the molecular gas. Previous lower angular resolution/sensitivity observations of HCN(1-0) carried out with the Nobeyama Millimeter array by Kohno et al. (1999a, ApJ, 511, 157) led to the detection of the starburst ring, but no central emission has been found. Our aim was to search for nuclear HCN emission and, if successful, for differences of the gas properties of the starburst ring and the nucleus. Methods. We used the new A, B, C and D configurations of the IRAM PdBI array to observe HCN(1-0) in NGC 6951 at high angular resolution (1" = 96 pc) and sensitivity. Results. We detect very compact (= 50 pc) HCN emission in the nucleus of NGC 6951, supporting previous hints of nuclear gas structure. Our observations also reveal HCN emission in the starburst ring and resolve it into several peaks, leading to a higher coincidence between the HCN and CO distributions than previously reported by Kohno et al. ( 1999a). Conclusions. We find a significantly higher HCN-to-CO intensity ratio (>= 0.4) in the nucleus than in the starburst ring (0.02-0.05). As for NGC 1068, this might result from a higher HCN abundance in the centre due to an X-ray dominated gas chemistry, but a higher gas density/temperature or additional non-collisional excitation of HCN cannot be entirely ruled out, based on these observations. The compact HCN emission is associated with rotating gas in a circumnuclear disk/torus. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA Project, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. OAN, Observ Madrid, Madrid 28014, Spain. Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. INAF, Ist Radioastron, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. IRAM, E-18012 Granada, Spain. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP Krips, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA Project, 645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM mkrips@cfa.harvard.edu OI Garcia-Burillo, Santiago/0000-0003-0444-6897; Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677; Combes, Francoise/0000-0003-2658-7893 NR 35 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 468 IS 3 BP L63 EP L66 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066785 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176KR UT WOS:000247084400010 ER PT J AU Neri, R Fuente, A Ceccarelli, C Caselli, P Johnstone, D van Dishoeck, EF Wyrowski, F Tafalla, M Lefloch, B Plume, R AF Neri, R. Fuente, A. Ceccarelli, C. Caselli, P. Johnstone, D. van Dishoeck, E. F. Wyrowski, F. Tafalla, M. Lefloch, B. Plume, R. TI The IC1396N proto-cluster at a scale of similar to 250 AU SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual objects : IC1396N; ISM : molecules; stars : formation ID RIMMED GLOBULE IC1396N; HOT CORE; BRIGHT; STARS; DISKS AB Aims. We investigate the mm-morphology of IC 1396 N with unprecedented spatial resolution to analyze its dust and molecular gas properties, and draw comparisons with objects of similar mass. Methods. We have carried out sensitive observations in the most extended configurations of the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer, to map the thermal dust emission at 3.3 and 1.3 mm, and the emission from the J = 13(k) -> 12(k) hyperfine transitions of methyl cyanide (CH3CN). Results. We unveil the existence of a sub-cluster of hot cores in IC 1396 N, distributed in a direction perpendicular to the emanating outflow. The cores are embedded in a common envelope of extended and diffuse dust emission. We find striking differences in the dust properties of the cores (beta similar or equal to 0) and the surrounding envelope (beta similar or equal to 1), very likely testifying to differences in the formation and processing of dust material. The CH3CN emission peaks towards the most massive hot core and is marginally extended in the outflow direction. C1 Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. OAN, Madrid 28803, Spain. Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble, France. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst, Victoria, BC V9E 2D7, Canada. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Neri, R (reprint author), Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, 300 Rue Piscine, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. EM neri@iram.fr RI Fuente, Asuncion/G-1468-2016 OI Fuente, Asuncion/0000-0001-6317-6343 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 468 IS 3 BP L33 EP L36 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077320 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 176KR UT WOS:000247084400003 ER PT J AU Weiss, A Downes, D Neri, R Walter, F Henkel, C Wilner, DJ Wagg, J Wiklind, T AF Weiss, A. Downes, D. Neri, R. Walter, F. Henkel, C. Wilner, D. J. Wagg, J. Wiklind, T. TI Highly-excited CO emission in APM 08279+5255 at z=3.9 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; ISM : molecules; galaxies : individual : APM 08279+5255; cosmology : observations; galaxies : quasars : emission lines ID ABSORPTION-LINE QUASAR; DENSE MOLECULAR GAS; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; LUMINOUS GALAXIES; DUST EMISSION; APM-08279+5255; EXCITATION; CO(1-0) AB We report the detection of the CO 4 - 3, 6 - 5, 9 - 8, 10 - 9, and 11 - 10 lines in the Broad Absorption Line quasar APM08279+5255 at z = 3.9 using the IRAM 30 m telescope. We also present IRAM PdBI high spatial resolution observations of the CO 4 - 3 and 9 - 8 lines, and of the 1.4 mm dust radiation as well as an improved spectrum of the HCN( 5 - 4) line. Unlike CO in other QSO host galaxies, the CO line SED of APM08279+ 5255 rises up to the CO( 10 - 9) transition. The line fluxes in the CO ladder and the dust continuum fluxes are best fit by a two component model, a "cold" component at similar to 65 K with a high density of n(H-2) = 1 x 10(5) cm(-3), and a "warm", similar to 220 K component with a density of 1 x 10(4) cm(-3). We show that IR pumping via the 14 mu m bending mode of HCN is the most likely channel for the HCN excitation. From our models we find, that the CO( 1 - 0) emission is dominated by the dense gas component which implies that the CO conversion factor is higher than usually assumed for high-z galaxies with alpha approximate to 5 M-. ( K km s(-1) pc(2))(-1). Using brightness temperature arguments, the results from our high-resolution mapping, and lens models from the literature, we argue that the molecular lines and the dust continuum emission arise from a very compact ( r approximate to 100-300 pc), highly gravitationally magnified ( m = 60-110) region surrounding the central AGN. Part of the difference relative to other high-z QSOs may therefore be due to the configuration of the gravitational lens, which gives us a high-magnification zoom right into the central 200-pc radius of APM08279+ 5255 where IR pumping plays a significant role for the excitation of the molecular lines. C1 MPIfR, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. MPIA, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. INAOE, Puebla, Mexico. ESA, Space Telescope Div, STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Weiss, A (reprint author), MPIfR, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM aweiss@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de NR 78 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 467 IS 3 BP 955 EP 969 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20066117 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169RV UT WOS:000246610300007 ER PT J AU Tran, KVH Franx, M Illingworth, GD Van Dokkum, P Kelson, DD Blakeslee, JP Postman, M AF Tran, Kim-Vy H. Franx, Marijn Illingworth, Garth D. Van Dokkum, Pieter Kelson, Daniel D. Blakeslee, John P. Postman, Marc TI A Keck spectroscopic survey of MS 1054-03 (z=0.83): Forming the red sequence SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual (MS 1054-03); galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION HISTORIES; CLUSTER MS 1054-03; MORPHOLOGY-DENSITY RELATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT CLUSTERS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; CHANDRA X-RAY; DISTANT CLUSTERS AB Using a magnitude-limited, spectroscopic survey of the X-ray-luminous galaxy cluster MS 1054 - 03, we isolate 153 cluster galaxies and measure MS 1054's redshift and velocity dispersion to be z = 0: 8307 +/- 0: 0004 and sigma(z) = 1156 +/- 82 km s(-1). The absorption-line, poststarburst ('' E+ A ''), and emission-line galaxies, respectively, make up 63% +/- 7%, 15% +/- 4%, and 23% +/- 4% of the cluster population. With photometry from HST ACS, we find that the absorption-line members define an exceptionally tight red sequence over a span of similar to 3.5 mag in i(775): their intrinsic scatter in (V-606 - i(775)) color is only 0: 048 +/- 0: 008, corresponding to a (U - B)(z) scatter of 0.041. Their color scatter is comparable to that of the ellipticals (sigma(Vi) = 0: 055 +/- 0: 008), but measurably smaller than that of the combined E+ S0 sample (sigma(Vi) = 0: 072 +/- 0: 010). The color scatter of MS 1054's absorption-line population is approximately twice that of the ellipticals in Coma; this difference is consistent with passive evolution where most of the absorption-line members (> 75%) formed by z similar to 2, and all of them by z similar to 1: 2. For red members, we find a trend (> 95% confidence) of weakening H delta absorption with redder colors that we conclude is due to age: in MS 1054, the color scatter on the red sequence is driven by differences in mean stellar age of up to similar to 1.5 Gyr. We also generate composite spectra and estimate that the average S0 in MS 1054 is similar to 0.5-1 Gyr younger than the average elliptical; this difference in mean stellar age is mainly due to a number of S0's that are blue (18%) and/or are poststarburst systems (21%). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Tran, KVH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Postman, Marc/0000-0002-9365-7989; Blakeslee, John/0000-0002-5213-3548 NR 71 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP 750 EP 767 DI 10.1086/513738 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MT UT WOS:000246947100011 ER PT J AU Rosolowsky, E Keto, E Matsushita, S Willner, SP AF Rosolowsky, Erik Keto, Eric Matsushita, Satoki Willner, S. P. TI High-resolution molecular gas maps of M33 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : individual (M33); ISM : clouds; radio lines : ISM ID FLOCCULANT GALAXY NGC-5055; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SPIRAL STRUCTURE; NEARBY GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER; LOCAL GROUP; BIMA SURVEY; CO; TELESCOPE; DENSITY AB New observations of CO(J = 1 -> 0) line emission from M33, using the 25 element BEARS focal plane array at the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope, in conjunction with existing maps from the BIMA interferometer and the FCRAO 14 m telescope, give the highest resolution (13 '') and most sensitive (sigma(rms) similar to 60mK) maps to date of the distribution of molecular gas in the central 5.5 kpc of the galaxy. A new catalog of giant molecular clouds ( GMCs) has a completeness limit of 1: 3; 10(5) M-circle dot. The fraction of molecular gas found in GMCs is a strong function of radius in the galaxy, declining from 60% in the center to 20% at galactocentric radius R-gal approximate to 4 kpc. Beyond that radius, GMCs are nearly absent, although molecular gas exists. Most (90%) of the emission from low-mass clouds is found within 100 pc projected separation of a GMC. In an annulus 2: 1 kpc < R-gal < 4: 1 kpc, GMC masses follow a power-law distribution with index - 2.1. Inside that radius, the mass distribution is truncated, and clouds more massive than 8; 10(5) M-circle dot are absent. The cloud mass distribution shows no significant difference in the grand-design spiral arms versus the interarm region. The CO surface brightness ratio for the arm to interarm regions is 1.5, typical of other flocculent galaxies. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Rosolowsky, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM erosolow@cfa.harvard.edu; eketo@cfa.harvard.edu; satoki@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; swillner@cfa.harvard.edu NR 46 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP 830 EP 844 DI 10.1086/516621 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MT UT WOS:000246947100017 ER PT J AU Ellison, DC Patnaude, DJ Slane, P Blasi, P Gabici, S AF Ellison, Donald C. Patnaude, Daniel J. Slane, Patrick Blasi, Pasquale Gabici, Stefano TI Particle acceleration in supernova remnants and the production of thermal and nonthermal radiation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; MHD; supernova remnants; turbulence ID NONLINEAR SHOCK ACCELERATION; X-RAY-EMISSION; MAGNETIC-FIELD AMPLIFICATION; VERY-HIGH-ENERGY; CASSIOPEIA-A; COSMIC-RAYS; REVERSE SHOCKS; NOVA REMNANTS; GAMMA-RAYS; SHELL AB Efficient cosmic-ray production can have a significant effect on the evolution and X-ray emission from SNRs. Using hydrodynamic simulations coupled to diffusive shock acceleration, we produce thermal and nonthermal forwardshock photon spectra. For a given ambient density and explosion energy, we find that the position of the forward at a given age is a strong function of the acceleration efficiency, providing a signature of cosmic-ray production. Using an approximate treatment for the ionization state of the plasma, we investigate the effects of slow versus rapid heating of the postshock electrons on the ratio of thermal to nonthermal X-ray emission at the forward shock. We also investigate the effects of magnetic field strength on the observed spectrum for efficient cosmic-ray acceleration. The primary effect of a large field is a flattening of the nonthermal spectrum in the soft X-ray band. X-ray spectral index measurements may thus be indicators of the postshock magnetic field strength. The predicted gamma-ray flux from inverse Compton ( IC) scattering and neutral pion decay is strongly affected by the ambient conditions, and for the parameters used in our examples, the IC emission at E similar to 1 TeV exceeds that from pion decay, although at both lower and higher energies this trend is reversed for cases of high ambient density. More importantly, high magnetic fields produce a steepening of the electron spectrum over a wide energy range, which may make it more difficult to differentiate between IC and pion-decay emission solely by spectral shape. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, Ist Nazl Astrofis, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Ellison, DC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM don_ellison@ncsu.edu; patnaude@head.cfa.harvard.edu; slane@cfa.harvard.edu; blasi@arcetri.astro.it; stefano.gabici@mpi-hd.mpg.de RI Blasi, Pasquale/O-9345-2015 OI Blasi, Pasquale/0000-0003-2480-599X NR 47 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP 879 EP 891 DI 10.1086/517518 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MT UT WOS:000246947100021 ER PT J AU Karovska, M Carilli, CL Raymond, JC Mattei, JA AF Karovska, Margarita Carilli, Christopher L. Raymond, John C. Mattei, Janet A. TI CH Cygni X-ray jet activity and multicomponent structures SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; binaries : symbiotic; stars : individual (CH Cyg); stars : winds, outflows; X-rays : general ID SN 1987A; SYSTEM; OUTBURST; OUTFLOW; REMNANT; CHANDRA AB In this paper we report detection of multiple component structures in a Chandra X-ray image obtained in 2001 March of the nearby symbiotic interacting binary system CH Cyg. These components include a compact central source, an arclike structure or a loop extending to 1.500 (400AU) from the central source associated with the 1997 jet activity, and possibly a newly formed jet extending to similar to 150 AU from the central source. The structures are also visible in VLA and HST images obtained close in time to the Chandra observations. The emission from the loop is consistent with optically thin thermal X-ray emission originating from a shock resulting from interaction of the jet ejecta with the dense circumbinary material. The emission from the central source originates within < 50 AU region, and is likely associated with the accretion disk around the white dwarf. CH Cyg is only the second symbiotic system with jet activity detected at X-ray wavelengths, and the Chandra high angular resolution image, combined with the VLA and HST images, provides the closest view of the region of jet formation and interaction with the circumbinary material in a symbiotic binary. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Amer Assoc Variable Star Observers, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Karovska, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mkarovska@cfa.harvard.edu NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP 1048 EP 1054 DI 10.1086/516772 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MT UT WOS:000246947100036 ER PT J AU Orio, M Zezas, A Munari, U Siviero, A Tepedelenlioglu, E AF Orio, M. Zezas, A. Munari, U. Siviero, A. Tepedelenlioglu, E. TI Two SMC symbiotic stars undergoing steady hydrogen burning SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (SMC 3, Lin 358); stars : variables : other; white dwarfs; X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY SOURCES; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; XMM-NEWTON; CLASSICAL NOVA; WHITE-DWARF; LIGHT-CURVE; V1974 CYGNI; HOT; EMISSION; SPECTRUM AB Two symbiotic stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud ( SMC), Lin 358 and SMC 3, have been supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) for more than 10 years. We fit atmospheric and nebular models to their X-ray, optical, and UV spectra obtained at different epochs. The X-ray spectra are extremely soft and appear to be emitted by the white dwarf atmosphere, not by the nebula, as in some other symbiotics. We find that the white dwarf of SMC 3, the hottest of the two sources, had an approximately constant effective temperature T(eff) similar or equal to 500; 000 K in 1993-1994, 2003, and 2006, without indications of a decrease in 12 years. The bolometric luminosity of this systemin 2003 March was more than an order of magnitude lower than 3 years later; however, the time of the observation is consistent with a partial eclipse of the white dwarf, previously found in ROSAT and optical observations. The red giant wind must be asymmetric or very clumpy in SMC 3, because the filling factor of the nebula around the source is not higher than 0.1. The compact object in Lin 358 has been at TeA >= 180; 000 K since 1993, and there is some evidence of a moderate increase. Atmospheric fits for both objects are obtained with log g = 9, which is appropriate for white dwarf masses > 1.18 M(circle dot). No nova-like outbursts of these systems have been recorded in the last 50 years, despite continuous optical monitoring of the SMC, and there are no indications of cooling of the white dwarf, expected after a thermonuclear flash. We suggest therefore that in both systems hydrogen is burning steadily in a shell on the WD at the rate similar or equal to 10(-7) M(circle dot) yr(-1), sufficiently high to inhibit nova-type mass loss as required for Type Ia supernovae progenitors. C1 Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Orio, M (reprint author), Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy. EM orio@astro.wisc.edu RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Munari, Ulisse/0000-0001-6805-9664 NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP 1105 EP 1111 DI 10.1086/514806 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MT UT WOS:000246947100043 ER PT J AU Briceno, C Hartmann, L Hernandez, J Calvet, N Vivas, AK Furesz, G Szentgyorgyi, A AF Briceno, Cesar Hartmann, Lee Hernandez, Jesus Calvet, Nuria Vivas, A. Katherina Furesz, Gabor Szentgyorgyi, Andrew TI 25 Orionis: A kinematically distinct 10 Myr old group in Orion OB1a SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (Orion OB1); stars : kinematics; stars : pre -main-sequence ID LOW-MASS STARS; T-TAURI STARS; FIBER-FED SPECTROGRAPH; YOUNG OPEN CLUSTER; LITHIUM ABUNDANCES; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DISK EVOLUTION; FORMING REGION; CONVERTED MMT AB We report here on the photometric and kinematic properties of a well-defined group of nearly 200 low-mass pre-main-sequence stars, concentrated within similar to 1 degrees of the early-B star 25 Ori, in the Orion OB1a subassociation. We refer to this stellar aggregate as the 25 Orionis group. The group also harbors the Herbig Ae/Be star V346 Ori and a dozen other early-type stars with photometry, parallaxes, and some with IR excess emission, indicative of group membership. The number of high- and low-mass stars is in agreement with expectations from a standard initial mass function. The velocity distribution for the low-mass stars shows a narrow peak at 19.7 km s(-1), offset similar to -10 km s(-1) from the velocity characterizing the younger stars of the Ori OB1b subassociation, and 4 km s(-1) from the velocity of widely spread young stars of the Ori OB1a population; this result provides new and compelling evidence that the 25 Ori group is a distinct kinematic entity, and that considerable space and velocity structure is present in the Ori OB1a subassociation. The low-mass members follow a well-defined band in the color-magnitude diagram, consistent with an isochronal age of similar to 7-10 Myr. The similar to 2 time drop in the overall Li (I) equivalent widths and accretion fraction between the younger Ori OB1b and the 25 Ori group is consistent with the latter being significantly older. In a simple-minded kinematic evolution scenario, the 25 Ori group may represent the evolved counterpart of the younger sigma Ori cluster. The 25 Ori stellar aggregate is the most populous similar to 10 Myr sample yet known within 500 pc, setting it as an excellent laboratory to study the evolution of solar-like stars and protoplanetary disks. C1 CIDA, Merida 5101A, Venezuela. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Briceno, C (reprint author), CIDA, Merida 5101A, Venezuela. EM briceno@cida.ve; lhartm@umich.edu; jesush@cida.ve; ncalvet@umich.edu; akvivas@cida.ve; gfuresz@cfa.harvard.edu; saint@cfa.harvard.edu NR 62 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP 1119 EP 1128 DI 10.1086/513087 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MT UT WOS:000246947100045 ER PT J AU Hickox, RC Markevitch, M AF Hickox, Ryan C. Markevitch, Maxim TI Resolving the unresolved cosmic X-ray background in the Chandra deep fields SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; X-rays : diffuse background; X-rays : galaxies ID HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; MISSING BARYONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; XMM-NEWTON; SOLAR-WIND; GALAXIES; EMISSION; SIMULATION; FOREST AB We present a measurement of the surface brightness of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) in the Chandra Deep Fields, after excluding all detected X-ray, optical, and infrared sources. The work is motivated by a recent X-ray stacking analysis by Worsley and collaborators, which showed that galaxies detected by HST but not by Chandra may account for most of the unresolved CXB at E > 1 keV. We find that after excluding HST and Spitzer IRAC sources, E 1 1 some CXB still remains, but it is marginally significant: (3.4 +/- 1.4) x 10(-13) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) deg(-2) in the 1-2 keV band and (4 +/- 9) x 10(-13) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) deg(-2) in the 2-5 keV band, or 7% +/- 3% and 4% +/- 9% of the total CXB, respectively. Of the 1-2 keV signal resolved by the HST sources, 34% +/- 2% comes from objects with optical colors typical of "normal" galaxies (which make up 25% of the HST sources), while the remaining flux comes from objects with colors of starburst and irregular galaxies. In the 0.65-1 keV band (just above the bright Galactic O VII line), the remaining diffuse intensity is (1.0 +/- 0.2) x 10(-12) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) deg(-2). This flux includes emission from the Galaxy as well as from the hypothetical warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), and provides a conservative upper limit on the WHIM signal that comes interestingly close to theoretical predictions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hickox, RC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rhickox@cfa.harvard.edu; maxim@head.cfa.harvard.edu NR 26 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP L117 EP L121 DI 10.1086/519003 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MY UT WOS:000246947600002 ER PT J AU Dechmann, DKN Kalko, EKV Kerth, G AF Dechmann, Dina K. N. Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Kerth, Gerald TI All-offspring dispersal in a tropical mammal with resource defense polygyny SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE male tenure; roost making; population structure; Lophostoma silvicolum; mating system ID BAT RHINOLOPHUS-FERRUMEQUINUM; FEMALE-BIASED DISPERSAL; ROUND-EARED BAT; INBREEDING AVOIDANCE; MYOTIS-BECHSTEINII; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; MATING SYSTEM; GENE FLOW; SACCOPTERYX-BILINEATA AB In polygynous mammals, males are usually responsible for gene flow while females are predominantly philopatric. However, there is evidence that in a few mammalian species female offspring may disperse to avoid breeding with their father when male tenure exceeds female age at maturity. We investigated offspring dispersal and local population structure in the Neotropical bat Lophostoma silvicolum. The mating system of this species is resource defense polygyny, with the resource being active termite nests, excavated by single males, which are then joined by females. We combined field observations of 14 harems during 3 years and data about the genetic structure within and between these groups, calculated with one mitochondrial locus and nine nuclear microsatellite loci. The results show that both male and female offspring disperse before maturity. In addition, we estimated life span of excavated termite nests and the duration they were occupied by the same male. Our findings suggest that long male tenure of up to 30 months is indeed a likely cause for the observed dispersal by female offspring that can reach maturity at a low age of 6 months. We suggest that dispersal by offspring of both sexes may occur quite frequently in polygynous tropical bats and thus generally may be more common in mammals than previously assumed. C1 Univ Zurich Irchel, Inst Anat, Div Neuroanat, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich, Inst Zool, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Dechmann, DKN (reprint author), Univ Zurich Irchel, Inst Anat, Div Neuroanat, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM d.dechmann@anatom.unizh.ch RI Dechmann, Dina/A-1827-2010 NR 69 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1219 EP 1228 DI 10.1007/s00265-007-0352-z PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 166BD UT WOS:000246351100010 ER PT J AU Kenfack, D Thomas, DW Chuyong, G Condit, R AF Kenfack, David Thomas, Duncan W. Chuyong, George Condit, Richard TI Rarity and abundance in a diverse African forest SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Korup; Cameroon; tree abundance; dominance; rarity; geographic range ID TREE SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS; EVENTS; PLANTS; AREA AB We censused all trees >= 1 cm dbh in 50 ha of forest in Korup National Park, southwest Cameroon, in the central African coastal forest known for high diversity and endemism. The plot included 329,519 individuals and 493 species, but 128 of those taxa remain partially identified. Abundance varied over four orders of magnitude, from 1 individual per 50 ha (34 species) to Phyllobotryon spathulatum, with 26,741 trees; basal area varied over six orders of magnitude. Abundance patterns, both the percentage of rare species and the dominance of abundant species were similar to those from 50-ha plots censused the same way in Asia and Latin America. Rare species in the Korup plot were much less likely to be identified than common species: 42% of taxa with < 10 individuals in the plot were identified to species, compared to 95% of the abundant taxa. Geographic ranges for all identified species were gleaned from the literature and online flora. Thirteen of the plot species are known only from Korup National Park (all discovered during the plot census), and 39 are restricted to the Nigeria-Cameroon coastal zone. Contrary to expectation, species with narrow geographic ranges were more abundant in the plot than average. The small number of narrow endemics (11% of the species), many locally abundant, mitigates short-term extinction risk, either from demographic stochasticity or habitat loss. C1 Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Buea, Dept Life Sci, Buea, Cameroon. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. RP Kenfack, D (reprint author), Missouri Bot Garden, 4500 Shaw Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM david.kenfack@mobot.org NR 44 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 7 BP 2045 EP 2074 DI 10.1007/s10531-006-9065-2 PG 30 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 177KX UT WOS:000247153100005 ER PT J AU Dinerstein, E Loucks, C Wikramanayake, E Ginsberg, J Sanderson, E Seidensticker, J Forrest, J Bryja, G Heydlauff, A Klenzendorf, S Leimgruber, P Mills, J O'Brien, TG Shrestha, M Simons, R Songer, M AF Dinerstein, Eric Loucks, Colby Wikramanayake, Eric Ginsberg, Joshua Sanderson, Eric Seidensticker, John Forrest, Jessica Bryja, Gosia Heydlauff, Andrea Klenzendorf, Sybille Leimgruber, Peter Mills, Judy O'Brien, Timothy G. Shrestha, Mahendra Simons, Ross Songer, Melissa TI The fate of wild tigers SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tigers; Asia; conservation; habitat; illegal wildlife trade ID PROTECTED AREAS; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; DENSITIES; MYANMAR; MAMMALS AB Wild tigers are in a precarious state. Habitat loss and intense poaching of tigers and their prey, coupled with inadequate government efforts to maintain tiger populations, have resulted in a dramatic range contraction in tiger populations. Tigers now occupy 7 percent of their historical range, and in the past decade, the area occupied by tigers has decreased by as much as 41 percent, according to some estimates. If tigers are to survive into the next century, all of the governments throughout the species' range must demonstrate greater resolve and lasting commitments to conserve tigers and their habitats, as well as to stop all trade in tiger products from wild and captive-bred sources. Where national governments, supported in part by NGOs (nongovernmental organizations), make a consistent and substantial commitment to tiger conservation, tigers do recover. We urge leaders of tiger-range countries to support and help stage a regional tiger summit for establishing collaborative conservation efforts to ensure that tigers and their habitats are protected in perpetuity. C1 World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA. New York Zool Soc, Wildlife Conservat Int, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn Save Tiger Fdn, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Simons & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Dinerstein, E (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM eric.dinerstein@wwfus.org RI Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 NR 36 TC 125 Z9 131 U1 16 U2 110 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUN PY 2007 VL 57 IS 6 BP 508 EP 514 DI 10.1641/B570608 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 179MO UT WOS:000247294100009 ER PT J AU Fu, XH Vencl, FV Nobuyoshi, O Meyer-Rochow, VB Lei, CL Zhang, ZN AF Fu, Xinhua Vencl, Fredric V. Nobuyoshi, Ohba Meyer-Rochow, V. Benno Lei, Chaoliang Zhang, Zhongning TI Structure and function of the eversible glands of the aquatic firefly Luciola leii (Coleoptera : Lampyridae) SO CHEMOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aposematic; defence; Luciola leii; eversible glands; terpinolene; gamma-terpinene; aquatic firefly ID MAINLAND CHINA; BIOLUMINESCENCE; LARVAE; BEHAVIOR AB When attacked or otherwise disturbed, larvae of the aquatic firefly Luciola leii display fork-shaped glands laterally from the meso- and metathorax as well as each abdominal segment. Glandular eversion is accompanied by a strong pine oil-like odour, thanatosis and glowing from paired larval light organs. Observations by SEM and TEM revealed that there are numerous, almost spherical protuberances, measuring 9 mu m in diameter on the surface of each gland. Each protuberance is connected to a well developed secretory cell via a 0.1 mu m thick and 0.2 mu m long stalk and bears three to six 7 mu m long spines on its apex. The convoluted glandular walls measure 0.2 mu m. The cytoplasm of the secretory cells is characterized by the presence of numerous mitochondria and an extensive system of cisternae and tubular endoplasmic reticulum. Preliminary GC-MS analysis of the glandular secretion revealed two volatile terpenoids: terpinolene and gamma-terpinene. Choice and no-choice bioassays involving fish and ants as well as other predators demonstrate that the secretions serve as an effective deterrent against a range of ecologically relevant enemies. The larval postural adjustments, light emission, everted glands, and glandular release of distasteful or repellent compounds, appear to function as a multi-modal, aposematic larval defence. The tandem evolution of glandular secretions and conspicuousness in larval fireflies could partially explain their successful radiation into both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. C1 Huazhong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. OHBA Firefly Inst, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2390801, Japan. Int Univ Bremen, Fac Sci & Engn, D-28725 Bremen, Germany. Univ Oulu, Dept Biol Elainmuseo, SF-90014 Oulu, Finland. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Fu, XH (reprint author), Huazhong Agr Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. EM fuxinhua2001@yahoo.com OI MEYER-ROCHOW, V. Benno/0000-0003-1531-9244 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0937-7409 J9 CHEMOECOLOGY JI Chemoecology PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s00049-007-0370-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 171PO UT WOS:000246748100006 ER PT J AU Steiner, WE Erwin, TL Ward, RD AF Steiner, Warren E., Jr. Erwin, Terry L. Ward, Robert D. TI Phloeoxena signata (Dejean): Northern range extensions to Maryland and Tennessee, USA, and the first record for Costa Rica (Coleoptera : Carabidae) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Steiner, WE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, NHB 187, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOCIETY PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 61 IS 2 BP 224 EP 226 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2007)61[224:PSDNRE]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 194UQ UT WOS:000248369700011 ER PT J AU Anker, A Ahyong, S AF Anker, Arthur Ahyong, Shane TI A rediagnosis of Athanopsis australis Banner & Banner, 1982, a rare alpheid shrimp from southern Australia, with a phylogeny of Athanopsis Coutiere, 1897 and remarks on antitropical distributions in the Alpheidae (Decapoda, Caridea) SO CRUSTACEANA LA English DT Article ID CRUSTACEA; GENUS; DIVERGENCE; EVOLUTION; AMERICA; ORIGIN; FISHES; CRABS AB The rare alpheid shrimp, Athanopsis australis Banner & Banner, 1982, currently known from only four specimens from Victoria, Australia, is redescribed based on three specimens collected since the original description of the incomplete holotype. The major cheliped, missing in the holotype, is described for the first time; the minor cheliped, however, remains unknown. Contrary to the original description and illustrations, the telson of the holotype and of all recently collected specimens bears two pairs of small dorsal spines, as in all Athanopsis species. The apparent rarity of A. australis and other Athanopsis species may be due to their infaunal life style: at least two species live "commensally" in echiuran burrows. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Athanopsis based on morphological and colour pattern characters suggests that A. australis and A. dentipes Miya, 1980 from Japan are sister species with antitropical distribution. C1 Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Balboa, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. NIWA, MArine Biodivers & Biosecur, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM ankera@si.edu; s.ahyong@niwa.co.nz OI Ahyong, Shane/0000-0002-2820-4158 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-216X J9 CRUSTACEANA JI Crustaceana PD JUN PY 2007 VL 80 IS 6 BP 685 EP 697 DI 10.1163/156854007781360612 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 201GM UT WOS:000248819500004 ER PT J AU Kaspari, M Weiser, M AF Kaspari, Michael Weiser, Michael TI The size-grain hypothesis: do macroarthropods see a fractal world? SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allometry; arthropods; body size; brown food web; cursorial; detritus; scaling ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; BODY-SIZE; FOOD-WEB; ANTS; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13; LANDSCAPE; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY AB 1. In the size-grain hypothesis (a) long legs allow walking organisms to step over gaps and pores in substrate but prohibit them from entering those gaps; (b) the world is more rugose for small organisms; and (c) the relative cost of long legs increases as organisms grow smaller. The hypothesis predicts a positive allometry of leg length ( = mass(b) where b > 0.33 of isometry), a pattern that robustly holds for ants. 2. Toward testing for leg length allometries in other taxa, arthropods were extracted from the Panama leaf litter and measured. Three common taxa (spiders, diplopods, Coleoptera) yielded bs that exceeded 0.33 while three others (Acarina, Pseudoscorpiones, and Collembola) did not. The exponent b tended to increase (P = 0.06, n = 7) with an arthropod taxon's average body mass. 3. Since leg length in cursorial organisms tends toward isometry in very small and very large taxa (i.e. mammals) this suggests that the size-grain hypothesis may best apply at a transition zone of intermediate body mass: the macroarthropods. 4. Body length was a robust predictor of mass in all groups despite variation in shape. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Kaspari, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM mkaspari@ou.edu RI Weiser, Michael/G-1781-2010; Weiser, Michael/E-6215-2011; OI Weiser, Michael/0000-0001-9080-0834; Kaspari, Michael/0000-0002-9717-5768 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 32 IS 3 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2007.00870.x PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 176ZN UT WOS:000247123500005 ER PT J AU Feeley, KJ Wright, SJ Supardi, MNN Kassim, AR Davies, SJ AF Feeley, Kenneth J. Wright, S. Joseph Supardi, M. N. Nur Kassim, Abd Rahman Davies, Stuart J. TI Decelerating growth in tropical forest trees SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carbon cycling; carbon fertilization; climate change; forest dynamics; tree growth rates ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; UNDISTURBED AMAZONIAN FORESTS; PERVASIVE ALTERATION; CARBON STORAGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; CLIMATE; DYNAMICS; RATES; CO2; COMMUNITIES AB The impacts of global change on tropical forests remain poorly understood. We examined changes in tree growth rates over the past two decades for all species occurring in large (50-ha) forest dynamics plots in Panama and Malaysia. Stem growth rates declined significantly at both forests regardless of initial size or organizational level (species, community or stand). Decreasing growth rates were widespread, occurring in 24-71% of species at Barro Colorado Island, Panama (BCI) and in 58-95% of species at Pasoh, Malaysia (depending on the sizes of stems included). Changes in growth were not consistently associated with initial growth rate, adult stature, or wood density. Changes in growth were significantly associated with regional climate changes: at both sites growth was negatively correlated with annual mean daily minimum temperatures, and at BCI growth was positively correlated with annual precipitation and number of rainfree days (a measure of relative insolation). While the underlying cause(s) of decelerating growth is still unresolved, these patterns strongly contradict the hypothesized pantropical increase in tree growth rates caused by carbon fertilization. Decelerating tree growth will have important economic and environmental implications. C1 Harvard Univ, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Forest Res Inst, Forest Environm Div, Kuala Lumpur 52109, Malaysia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Panama City, Panama. RP Feeley, KJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, 22 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kfeeley@oeb.harvard.edu RI Feeley, Kenneth/A-7631-2009; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 45 TC 129 Z9 138 U1 8 U2 66 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 10 IS 6 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01033.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 166FU UT WOS:000246364500003 PM 17498145 ER PT J AU King, RS Deluca, WV Whigham, DF Marra, PP AF King, Ryan S. Deluca, William V. Whigham, Dennis. F. Marra, Peter P. TI Threshold effects of coastal urbanization on Phragmites australis (common reed) abundance and foliar nitrogen in Chesapeake Bay SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; SALT MARSHES; TIDAL MARSHES; ECOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS; NUTRIENT DISCHARGES; CRYPTIC INVASION; NORTH-AMERICA; EXPANSION; SALINITY; EUTROPHICATION AB The invasion of North American tidal marshes by Phragmites australis, or common reed, is a large-scale ecological problem that has been primarily studied at small spatial scales. Previous local-scale studies have provided evidence that the expansion of Phragmites is facilitated by disturbance and increased nitrogen (N) associated with agricultural and urban-suburban (developed) land uses along wetland-upland borders. We tested the generality of previous findings across a larger spatial scale and wider range of environmental conditions in Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuarine ecosystem in the USA. We sampled 90 tidal wetlands nested within 30 distinct subestuarine watersheds and examined the relationship between land use and Phragmites abundance and foliar N, an indicator of nitrogen availability. We estimated land use adjacent to wetland borders and within subestuary watersheds and explored the importance of spatial proximity by weighting land use by its distance from the wetland border or subestuary shoreline, respectively. Regression tree and changepoint analyses revealed that Phragmites abundance sharply increased in almost every wetland where development adjacent to borders exceeded 15%. Where development was < 15% but natural land cover at the near the subestuary shoreline was low (< similar to 35%), Phragmites was abundant, suggesting that wetlands in highly modified watersheds also were susceptible to invasion, regardless of land use adjacent to wetlands. Phragmites foliar N was markedly elevated in watersheds with > 14-22% shoreline development, the same level of development that corresponded to high levels of invasion. Our results suggest that development near wetlands is at least partially responsible for patterns of invasion across Chesapeake Bay. Larger-scale phenomena, such as nitrogen pollution at the watershed-subestuary scale, also may be facilitating invasion. Urbanization near coastlines appears to play an important role in the invasion success of Phragmites in coastal wetlands of Chesapeake Bay and probably much of eastern North America. C1 Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP King, RS (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Reservoir & Aquat Syst Res, 1 Bear Pl 97388, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM Ryan_S_King@baylor.edu OI Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 51 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 469 EP 481 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 193BT UT WOS:000248249100010 ER PT J AU D'Croz, L O'Dea, A AF D'Croz, L. O'Dea, A. TI Variability in upwelling along the Pacific shelf of Panama and implications for the distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wind stress; thermocline; nutrients; chlorophyll; Pacific Central America ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; WATER TEMPERATURE; WARM POOL; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; OCEANOGRAPHY; RESPONSES; PAPAGAYO; WINDS; GULF AB Seasonal dynamics of dissolved inorganic nutrients (NO3-, PO43-, and Si(OH)(4)) and chlorophyll a were investigated in the Pacific shelf of Panama. The shelf is divided into two large semi-open areas, namely the non-upwelling Gulf of Chiriqui and the upwelling Gulf of Panama. Four research cruises sampled the water column in cross-shelf transects during wet and dry seasons at each region. Hydrological measures varied spatially between regions and also varied temporally on a seasonal basis. Low concentrations of NO3- (<0.50 mu M), PO43- (<0.27 mu M), and chlorophyll a (<0.34 mg m(-3)) were typical near the surface in the Gulf of Chiriqui during both rainy and dry seasons, but in the Gulf of Panama nutrients and chlorophyll were low only during the rainy season. In contrast, during the dry season upwelling in the Gulf of Panama, high concentrations of NO3- (15 mu M) and PO43- (1.2 mu M) in the upper layer caused surface chlorophyll a to peak (1.5 mg m(-3) ). Median Si(OH)(4) concentrations in the upper layer ranged from about 4 mu M in both regions during the rainy season to nearly t2 tM in the Gulf of Panama during the dry season upwelling. Both the N:P and N:Si molar ratios suggest that phytoplankton is N-limited except in the Gulf of Panama during upwelling. lit both regions, a subsurface chlorophyll maximum (>0.5 mg m- 3) typically developed close to the usually shallow thermocline during non-upwelling conditions. We found no evidence of significant nutrient input from freshwater runoff. The position of the thermocline is considered to be the main source of nutrients to the euphotic zone in both regions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA 34002 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Panama, Dept Biol Marina & Limnol, Panama City, Panama. RP D'Croz, L (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM dcrozl@si.edu RI O'Dea, Aaron/D-4114-2011 NR 39 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 325 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.01.013 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 174AE UT WOS:000246912800031 ER PT J AU Shefferson, RP Taylor, DL Weiss, M Garnica, S McCormick, MK Adams, S Gray, HM McFarland, JW Kull, T Tali, K Yukawa, T Kawahara, T Miyoshi, K Lee, YI AF Shefferson, Richard P. Taylor, D. Lee Weiss, Michael Garnica, Sigisfredo McCormick, Melissa K. Adams, Seth Gray, Hope M. McFarland, Jack W. Kull, Tiiu Tali, Kadri Yukawa, Tomohisa Kawahara, Takayuki Miyoshi, Kazumitsu Lee, Yung-I TI The evolutionary history of mycorrhizal specificity among lady's slipper orchids SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE cheating; coevolution; ITS; mean phylogenetic breadth; mtLSU; mutualism; rbcL; specificity; Tulasnellaceae ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENUS CYPRIPEDIUM; GOODYERA-REPENS; FUNGI; DIVERSITY; DORMANCY AB Although coevolution is acknowledged to occur in nature, coevolutionary patterns in symbioses not involving species-to-species relationships are poorly understood. Mycorrhizal plants are thought to be too generalist to coevolve with their symbiotic fungi; yet some plants, including some orchids, exhibit strikingly narrow mycorrhizal specificity. Here, we assess the evolutionary history of mycorrhizal specificity in the lady's slipper orchid genus, Cypripedium. We sampled 90 populations of 15 taxa across three continents, using DNA methods to identify fungal symbionts and quantify mycorrhizal specificity. We assessed phylogenetic relationships among sampled Cypripedium taxa, onto which we mapped mycorrhizal specificity. Cypripedium taxa associated almost exclusively with fungi within family Tulasnellaceae. Ancestral specificity appears to have been narrow, followed by a broadening after the divergence of C. debile. Specificity then narrowed, resulting in strikingly narrow specificity in most of the taxa in this study, with no taxon rewidening to the same extant as basal members of the genus. Sympatric taxa generally associated with different sets of fungi, and most clades of Cypripedium-mycorrhizal fungi were found throughout much of the northern hemisphere, suggesting that these evolutionary patterns in specificity are not the result of biogeographic lack of opportunity to associate with potential partners. Mycorrhizal specificity in genus Cypripedium appears to be an evolvable trait, and associations with particular fungi are phylogenetically conserved. C1 Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Tubingen, Inst Bot, Tubingen, Germany. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Estonian Agr Univ, Inst Zool & Bot, Tartu, Estonia. Museum Nat Sci, Tsukuba Bot Garden, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Hokkaido Res Ctr, Forest Dynam & Diver Grp, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Akita Prefectural Univ, Crop Sci Lab, Akita, Japan. Acad Sinica, Inst Plant & Microbial Biol, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Shefferson, RP (reprint author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. EM dormancy@gmail.com; lee.taylor@iab.alaska.edu; michael.weiss@uni-tuebingen.de; michael.weiss@uni-tuebingen.de; mccormickm@si.edu; lee.taylor@iab.alaska.edu; lee.taylor@iab.alaska.edu; lee.taylor@iab.alaska.edu; mccormickm@si.edu; tiiu@zbi.ee; yukawa@kahaku.go.jp; kaba@ffpri.go.jp; mi_orchids@akita-pu.ac.jp; leeyungi@hotmail.com RI WeiSS, Michael/F-6206-2012; Sigisfredo, Garnica/P-6506-2014; Kull, Tiiu/C-5771-2017; OI WeiSS, Michael/0000-0002-4869-9186; Kull, Tiiu/0000-0003-2841-7361; Taylor, Donald/0000-0002-5985-9210 NR 73 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 6 U2 40 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JUN PY 2007 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1380 EP 1390 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00112.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 177AD UT WOS:000247125100011 PM 17542847 ER PT J AU Li, JH Powell, TL Seiler, TJ Johnson, DP Anderson, HP Bracho, R Hungate, BA Hinkle, CR Drake, BG AF Li, Jia Hong Powell, Thomas L. Seiler, Troy J. Johnson, David P. Anderson, Hans P. Bracho, Rosvel Hungate, Bruce A. Hinkle, Charles R. Drake, Bert G. TI Impacts of Hurricane Frances on Florida scrub-oak ecosystem processes: defoliation, net CO2 exchange and interactions with elevated CO2 SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem CO2 exchange; elevated CO2; hurricane disturbance; leaf area index; Scrub-oak ecosystem; soil respiration ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SOIL RESPIRATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; HARDWOOD FOREST; TREEFALL GAPS; DAMAGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE AB Hurricane disturbances have profound impacts on ecosystem structure and function, yet their effects on ecosystem CO2 exchange have not been reported. In September 2004, our research site on a fire-regenerated scrub-oak ecosystem in central Florida was struck by Hurricane Frances with sustained winds of 113 km h(-1) and wind gusts as high as 152 km h(-1). We quantified the hurricane damage on this ecosystem resulting from defoliation: we measured net ecosystem CO2 exchange, the damage and recovery of leaf area, and determined whether growth in elevated carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere (C-a) altered this disturbance. The hurricane decreased leaf area index (LAI) by 21%, which was equal to 60% of seasonal variation in canopy growth during the previous 3 years, but stem damage was negligible. The reduction in LAI led to a 22% decline in gross primary production (GPP) and a 25% decline in ecosystem respiration (R-e). The compensatory declines in GPP and R-e resulted in no significant change in net ecosystem production (NEP). Refoliation began within a month after the hurricane, although this period was out of phase with the regular foliation period, and recovered 20% of the defoliation loss within 2.5 months. Full recovery of LAI, ecosystem CO2 assimilation, and ecosystem respiration did not occur until the next growing season. Plants exposed to elevated C-a did not sustain greater damage, nor did they recover faster than plants grown under ambient C-a. Thus, our results indicate that hurricanes capable of causing significant defoliation with negligible damage to stems have negligible effects on NEP under current or future CO2-enriched environment. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. CNR, Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. RP Li, JH (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM lij@si.edu RI Hungate, Bruce/F-8991-2011; Powell, Thomas/F-9877-2016 OI Hungate, Bruce/0000-0002-7337-1887; Powell, Thomas/0000-0002-3516-7164 NR 68 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1101 EP 1113 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01358.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 178NB UT WOS:000247226300001 ER PT J AU Gurwell, MA Melnick, GJ Tolls, V Bergin, EA Patten, BM AF Gurwell, Mark A. Melnick, Gary J. Tolls, Volker Bergin, Edwin A. Patten, Brian M. TI SWAS observations of water vapor in the Venus mesosphere SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Venus, atmosphere; abundances, atmospheres; radio observations; atmospheres, structure ID WAVE-ASTRONOMY-SATELLITE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MICROWAVE-SPECTRA; NIGHT AIRGLOW; CO VARIATIONS; SUBMILLIMETER; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; MILLIMETER; C-12/C-13 AB We present the first detections of the ground-state H-2 O-16 (1(10)-1(01)) rotational transition (at 55 6.9 GHz) and the Co-13 (5-4) rotational transition from the atmosphere of Venus, measured with the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS). The observed spectral features of these submillimeter transitions originate primarily from the 70-100 km altitude range, within the Venus mesosphere. Observations were obtained in December 2002, and January, March, and July 2004, coarsely sampling one Venus diurnal period as seen from Earth. The measured water vapor absorption line depth shows large variability among the four observing periods, with strong detections of the line in December 2002 and July 2004, and no detections in January and March 2004. Retrieval of atmospheric parameters was performed using a multi-transition inversion algorithm, combining simultaneous retrievals of temperature, carbon monoxide, and water profiles under imposed constraints. Analysis of the SWAS spectra resulted in measurements or upper limits for the globally averaged mesospheric water vapor abundance for each of the four observation periods, finding variability over at least two orders of magnitude. The results are consistent with both temporal and diurnal variability, but with short-term fluctuations clearly dominating. These results are fully consistent with the long-term study of mesospheric water vapor from millimeter and submillimeter observations of HDO [Sandor, B.J., Clancy, R.T., 2005. Icarus 177, 129-143]. The December 2002 observations detected very rapid change in the mesospheric water abundance. Over five days, a deep water absorption feature consistent with a water vapor abundance of 4.5 +/- 1.5 parts per million suddenly gave way to a significantly shallower absorption, implying a decrease in the water vapor abundance by a factor of nearly 50 in less that 48 h. In 2004, similar changes in the water vapor abundance were measured between the March and July SWAS observing periods, but variability on time scales of less than a week was not detected. The mesospheric water vapor is expected to be in equilibrium with aerosol particles, primarily composed of concentrated sulfuric acid, in the upper haze layers of the Venus atmosphere. If true, moderate amplitude (10-15 K) variability in mesospheric temperature, previously noted in millimeter spectroscopy observations of Venus, can explain the rapid water vapor variability detected by SWAS. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gurwell, MA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS 42,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mgurwell@cfa.harvard.edu NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUN PY 2007 VL 188 IS 2 BP 288 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.12.004 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 171AN UT WOS:000246707400002 ER PT J AU de Santana, CD Maldonado-Ocampo, JA Crampton, WGR AF de Santana, Carlos David Maldonado-Ocampo, Javier A. Crampton, William G. R. TI Apteronotus galvisi, a new species of electric ghost knifefish from the Rio Meta basin, Colombia (Gymnotiformes : Apteronotidae) SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF FRESHWATERS LA English DT Article AB Apteronotus galvisi, a new species belonging to the A. leptorhynchus species-group, is described from the Rio Meta basin at locations 305-424 meters above mean sea level in the piedmont of the Cordillera Oriental, Colombia. It is diagnosed by a combination of characters related to osteology, external morphology, and pigmentation. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Inst Alexander Humbolt, Inventories Program, Boyaca, Colombia. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP de Santana, CD (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Fishes, Smithsonian Inst, WG-15,MCR 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM apteronotidae@ig.com.br; jamaldonado@humboldt.org.co; crampton@mail.ucf.edu OI Maldonado Ocampo, Javier Alejandro/0000-0003-3024-237X NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU VERLAG DR. FRIEDRICH PFEIL PI MUNICH PA WOLFRATSHAUSER STRASSE 27, MUNICH, D-81379, GERMANY SN 0936-9902 J9 ICHTHYOL EXPLOR FRES JI Ichthyol. Explor. Freshw. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 176UC UT WOS:000247109400004 ER PT J AU Tong, CYE Blundell, R Megerian, KG Stern, JA Pospieszalski, M Pan, SK AF Tong, Cheuk-Yu Edward Blundell, Raymond Megerian, Krikor G. Stern, Jeffrey A. Pospieszalski, Marian Pan, Shing-Kuo TI Gain enhancement in inductively-loaded distributed SIS junction Arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE intermediate frequency bandwidth; mixer theory; submillimeter waves; superconductor-insulator-superconductor mixers ID BANDWIDTH; RECEIVER AB Due to their very low IF output capacitance, series-connected distributed SIS junction array mixers possess very wide IF bandwidth. However, careful control of parasitic inductance in the IF network is important in order to obtain a flat IF response in this class of wideband mixer. We have studied the effect of inductive loading on the operation of these mixers, both experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that over the range of IF where the reactive part of the load impedance is large, a higher mixer conversion gain accompanied by a lower noise temperature is observed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Tong, CYE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM etong@cfa.harvard.edu; rblundell@cfa.harvard.edu; Koko.G.Megerian@jpl.nasa.gov; Jeffrey.A.Stern@jpl.nasa.gov; mpospies@nrao.edu; span2@nrao.edu OI Tong, Edward/0000-0002-7736-4203 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898180 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WE UT WOS:000248442200070 ER PT J AU Ryabchun, S Tong, CYE Blundell, R Kimberk, R Gol'tsman, G AF Ryabchun, Sergey Tong, Cheuk-Yu Edward Blundell, Raymond Kimberk, Robert Gol'tsman, Gregory TI Study of the effect of microwave radiation on the operation of HEB mixers in the terahertz frequency range SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE Allan variance; HEB mixer; local oscillator stability; noise temperature; receiver stability AB We have investigated the effect of injecting microwave radiation, with a frequency much lower than that corresponding to the energy gap of the superconductor, on the performance of the hot-electron bolometer mixer incorporated into a THz heterodyne receiver. More specifically, we show that exposing the mixer to microwave radiation does not cause a significant rise of the receiver noise temperature and fall of the mixer conversion gain so long as the microwave power is a small fraction of local oscillator power. The injection of a small, but controlled amount of microwave power therefore enables active compensation of local oscillator power and coupling fluctuations which can significantly degrade the gain stability of hot electron bolometer mixer receivers. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Moscow State Pedag Univ, Moscow 119992, Russia. RP Ryabchun, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sryabchu@cfa.harvard.edu; etong@cfa.harvard.edu; rblundell@cfa.harvard.edu; rkimberk@cfa.harvard.edu; goltsman@mspu-phys.ru OI Tong, Edward/0000-0002-7736-4203 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898580 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WE UT WOS:000248442200075 ER PT J AU Rothenberg, M AF Rothenberg, Marc TI The department of terrestrial magnetism. SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Rothenberg, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD JUN PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 420 EP 422 DI 10.1086/521490 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 189IA UT WOS:000247981400063 ER PT J AU Rothenberg, M AF Rothenberg, Marc TI The geophysical laboratory. SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Rothenberg, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD JUN PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 421 EP 422 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 189IA UT WOS:000247981400064 ER PT J AU Wells, K Kalko, EKV Lakim, MB Pfeiffer, M AF Wells, Konstans Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Lakim, Maklarin B. Pfeiffer, Martin TI Effects of rain forest logging on species richness and assemblage composition of small mammals in Southeast Asia SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE community structure; forest structure; logging impacts; Sabah; small mammals; spatial scale; Sunda region; Tupaia ID LOWLAND DIPTEROCARP FOREST; TROPICAL FOREST; TREE DIVERSITY; HABITAT MODIFICATION; BUTTERFLY DIVERSITY; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; INDONESIAN BORNEO; PROTECTED AREAS; SEED PREDATION; DANUM-VALLEY AB Aim The effects of logging and habitat degradation on the richness and abundance of small mammals in Asian rain forests are largely unknown. This work compares the species richness, dominance and evenness of small non-volant mammals between logged and unlogged forests, and assesses whether assemblage variability (beta-diversity) is similar between forest types. Location Southeast Asia, northern Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia), Sunda-shelf. Methods We surveyed species-rich assemblages of small non-volant mammals in three unlogged and three logged forests for 2 years. At each forest site, we sampled a permanently marked transect and two additional sites in three trapping sessions. All analyses were performed at both levels to include the effects of local abundances and point estimates, separately from the relative abundances of species on a more regional scale. Results We trapped a total of 1218 individuals of 28 species. Eleven common species accounted for 95% of all captures. Species richness and diversity were significantly higher in unlogged forest (27 species) than in logged forest (17 species). This was mainly attributable to the smaller number of rarely recorded species in logged forest (five compared with 16 in unlogged forest, with a total of fewer than 10 captures). However, all common species were present in both logged and unlogged forests, and our analyses revealed similar patterns of dominance, evenness and fluctuations in abundance. Hence overall assemblage composition in multivariate space did not differ greatly between forest types. Assemblages of Muridae and Tupaiidae showed similar population fluctuations in space and time, indicating that the ecology of these taxa may be partially driven by the same environmental factors. Main conclusions Although species were distributed patchily within sites, analyses at local and regional scales revealed similar patterns in diversity and assemblage variability, suggesting that effects of forest modification did not differ extensively locally and regionally, but had a profound effect on rare species. Our results emphasize the importance and conservation value of logged forest stands that are able to hold a large proportion of the small mammals also found in unlogged forests. Rare and more specialized species are more vulnerable to forest degradation than commonly caught species, resulting in the complete loss, or a decrease in numbers, of certain groups, such as arboreal small mammals and Viverridae. C1 Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Sabah Pk, Sabah 88806, Malaysia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Wells, K (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM konstans.wells@uni-ulm.de RI Wells, Konstans/A-7232-2010; Pfeiffer, Martin/A-6989-2012 OI Wells, Konstans/0000-0003-0377-2463; NR 73 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 46 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1087 EP 1099 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01677.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 179BR UT WOS:000247264800014 ER PT J AU Tai, RH Sadler, PM AF Tai, Robert H. Sadler, Philip M. TI High school chemistry instructional practices and their association with college chemistry grades SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CHEMISTRY; TEST-SCORES; PREDICTORS; SUCCESS C1 Univ Virginia, Curry Sch Educ, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Dept Sci Educ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tai, RH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Curry Sch Educ, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM rht6h@virginia.edu NR 30 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1040 EP 1046 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 168WY UT WOS:000246555900032 ER PT J AU Yack, JE Kalko, EKV Surlykke, A AF Yack, Jayne E. Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Surlykke, Annemarie TI Neuroethology of ultrasonic hearing in nocturnal butterflies (Hedyloidea) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hedylidae; ultrasound; hearing; butterfly; bat avoidance ID MANTIS PARASPHENDALE-AGRIONINA; GATED EVASIVE MANEUVERS; CHORDOTONAL ORGANS; PRAYING-MANTIS; ACOUSTIC STARTLE; SOUND PRODUCTION; SCARAB BEETLES; LOCUST EAR; LEPIDOPTERA; INSECTS AB Nocturnal Hedyloidea butterflies possess ultrasound-sensitive ears that mediate evasive flight maneuvers. Tympanal ear morphology, auditory physiology and behavioural responses to ultrasound are described for Macrosoma heliconiaria, and evidence for hearing is described for eight other hedylid species. The ear is formed by modifications of the cubital and subcostal veins at the forewing base, where the thin (1-3 mu m), ovoid (520 x 220 mu m) tympanal membrane occurs in a cavity. The ear is innervated by nerve IIN1c, with three chordotonal organs attaching to separate regions of the tympanal membrane. Extracellular recordings from IIN1c reveal sensory responses to ultrasonic (> 20 kHz), but not low frequency (< 10 kHz) sounds. Hearing is broadly tuned to frequencies between 40 and 80 kHz, with best thresholds around 60 dB SPL. Free flying butterflies exposed to ultrasound exhibit a variety of evasive maneuvers, characterized by sudden and unpredictable changes in direction, increased velocity, and durations of similar to 500 ms. Hedylid hearing is compared to that of several other insects that have independently evolved ears for the same purpose-bat detection. Hedylid hearing may also represent an interesting example of evolutionary divergence, since we demonstrate that the ears are homologous to low frequency ears in some diurnal Nymphalidae butterflies. C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, D-98069 Ulm, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. RP Yack, JE (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM jyack@ccs.carleton.ca NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7594 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 193 IS 6 BP 577 EP 590 DI 10.1007/s00359-007-0213-2 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA 177MD UT WOS:000247156300001 PM 17431639 ER PT J AU Greiner, B Cronin, TW Ribi, WA Wcislo, WT Warrant, EJ AF Greiner, Birgit Cronin, Thomas W. Ribi, Willi A. Wcislo, William T. Warrant, Eric J. TI Anatomical and physiological evidence for polarisation vision in the nocturnal bee Megalopta genalis SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insects; dim light vision; dorsal rim area; polarisation sensitivity; nocturnal navigation ID DORSAL RIM AREA; CRICKET COMPOUND EYE; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; STRUCTURAL SPECIALIZATION; CELESTIAL POLARIZATION; SKYLIGHT POLARIZATION; CATAGLYPHIS-BICOLOR; LIGHT ORIENTATION; HALICTID BEE; PHOTORECEPTOR AB The presence of a specialised dorsal rim area with an ability to detect the e-vector orientation of polarised light is shown for the first time in a nocturnal hymenopteran. The dorsal rim area of the halictid bee Megalopta genalis features a number of characteristic anatomical specialisations including an increased rhabdom diameter and a lack of primary screening pigments. Optically, these specialisations result in wide spatial receptive fields (Delta rho = 14 degrees), a common adaptation found in the dorsal rim areas of insects used to filter out interfering effects (i.e. clouds) from the sky. In this specialised eye region all nine photoreceptors contribute their microvilli to the entire length of the ommatidia. These orthogonally directed microvilli are anatomically arranged in an almost linear, anterior-posterior orientation. Intracellular recordings within the dorsal rim area show very high polarisation sensitivity and a sensitivity peak within the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Lund Univ, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Human Sci Principal Liechtenstein, FL-9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Greiner, B (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM birgit.greiner@dal.ca NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7594 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 193 IS 6 BP 591 EP 600 DI 10.1007/s00359-007-0214-1 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA 177MD UT WOS:000247156300002 PM 17530313 ER PT J AU Dobbs, RC Sillett, TS Rodenhouse, NL Holmes, RT AF Dobbs, Robert C. Sillett, T. Scott Rodenhouse, Nicholas L. Holmes, Richard T. TI Population density affects foraging behavior of male Black-throated Blue Warblers during the breeding season SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attack maneuver; attack rate; competition; crowding; Dendroica caerulescens; food limitation; foraging speed; population density; crowding; competition; food limitation ID PROTHONOTARY WARBLERS; MIGRATORY SONGBIRD; FOOD AVAILABILITY; FOREST BIRDS; DEPENDENCE; SIZE; REPRODUCTION AB Foraging behavior often reflects food availability, a resource that may increasingly limit breeding birds as intraspecific crowding increases. Measuring foraging behavior, therefore, provides a way to investigate effects of population density on food limitation, an important link in understanding how crowding functions to regulate populations. We quantified three components of foraging behavior (prey attack rate, foraging speed, and relative use of morphologically constrained attack maneuvers) for male Black-throated Blue Warblers (Dendroica caerulescens) breeding under experimentally manipulated density conditions. Building on the previous work showing the density of conspecific neighbors affects territory size, reproductive success, and the time budgets of males (Sillett et al. 2004, Ecology 85: 2467-2477), we further show that density affects male foraging strategies. Although not differing in attack rate or foraging speed, male Black-throated Blue Warblers on territories with reduced neighbor densities used energetically expensive aerial attack maneuvers significantly less frequently than males in control (high-density) territories during both the incubation period and when provisioning nestlings and fledglings. We conclude that males altered their foraging behavior to compensate for density-related reductions in time available for foraging and that population density may constrain the time available for foraging. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Dobbs, RC (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM elaenia@ecomail.org NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2007.00096.x PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 169WK UT WOS:000246622600003 ER PT J AU Poe, S Ibanez, R AF Poe, Steven Ibanez, Roberto TI A new species of Anolis lizard from the Cordillera de Talamanca of western Panama SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMATICS AB We describe a new species of Anolis from the highlands of western Panama. The new form is phenetically similar to lemurinus-group Anolis, especially to Anolis pachypus and Anolis tropidolepis. It differs from these two species in possessing fewer loreal scale rows, larger middorsal scales, and a solid red dewlap. We present a phylogenetic analysis of the new species and find that it nests within mainland Beta anoles as sister species to A. tropidolepis. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. Circulo Herpetol Panama, Panama City, Panama. Univ Panama, Dept Zool, Panama City, Panama. RP Poe, S (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM anolis@unm.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2007)41[263:ANSOAL]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 179LU UT WOS:000247291900012 ER PT J AU Pobiner, BL DeSilva, J Sanders, WJ Mitani, JC AF Pobiner, Briana L. DeSilva, Jeremy Sanders, William J. Mitani, John C. TI Taphonomic analysis of skeletal remains from chimpanzee hunts at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE hunting; taphonomy ID EAGLE STEPHANOAETUS-CORONATUS; WILD CHIMPANZEES; STONE TOOLS; PERCUSSION MARKS; TOOTH MARKS; ELEMENT REPRESENTATION; BONE ACCUMULATIONS; PLIOCENE HOMINIDS; MAHALE MOUNTAINS; CARNIVORE TAXA AB This study provides a taphonomic analysis of the largest known sample of bone fragments collected from chimpanzee hunts. The entire sample consists of 455 bone fragments from 57 chimpanzee hunting episodes of 65 prey individuals at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. It has Z, low taxonomic diversity, consisting overwhelmingly of primates, especially red colobus monkeys. The age distribution of the prey remains is skewed towards pre-adults. Cranial bones are the dominant element, followed by long bones. Axial postcranial elements have low survivorship, with a complete absence of pre-caudal vertebrae. Bone is damaged in distinct wa s, such as: destruction of long bone ends, typically with intact y but chewed shafts; fragmentation and compression cracking of crania; and preservation of only the iliac blades of the innominates. Tooth marks are present but uncommon (4.4% of total NISP). These analyses enable us to: 1) describe and characterize consistent patterns of bone damage inflicted by chimpanzees across a much larger prey sample than has been previously studied; 2) make a preliminary comparison of the generalized chimpanzee taphonomic signature to that of leopard and eagle consumption of primates, as well as modern human consumption of small mammals; and 3) assess the utility of such samples for recognition of early hominin small mammal carnivory. We present a model that may be useful for detecting a pre-technological hominin carnivory and suggest some fossil locales at which close inspection of cercopithecoid remains for the above patterns might reveal traces of hominin hunting, though we caution that a pre-technological hominin hunted "assemblage" is not likely to be archaeological ly visible. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Anthropol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Museum Paleontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Pobiner, BL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, MRC 112,10th & Constitut Ave, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM PobinerB@si.edu; jdesilva@umich.edu; wsanders@umich.edu; mitani@umich.edu NR 113 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 6 BP 614 EP 636 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.007 PG 23 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 178PL UT WOS:000247232500002 PM 17346774 ER PT J AU Li, G Liang, B Wang, YN Zhao, HB Helgen, KM Lin, LK Jones, G Zhang, SY AF Li, Gang Liang, Bing Wang, Yinan Zhao, Huabin Helgen, Kristofer M. Lin, Liangkong Jones, Gareth Zhang, Shuyi TI Echolocation calls, diet, and phylogenetic relationships of stoliczka's trident bat, Aselliscus stoliczkanus (Hipposideridae) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Aselliscus stoliczkanus; A. tricuspidatus; Chiroptera; diet; echolocation; Hipposideridae; phylogeny ID HORSESHOE-BAT; CYTOCHROME-B; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; PREY SELECTION; SEQUENCE VARIATION; FORAGING ECOLOGY; DIVERGENCE TIME; RAIN-FOREST; FOOD-HABITS; CHIROPTERA AB The comparative biology of the hipposiderid genus Aselliscus has been little studied. Here we report studies of echolocation, diet, and phylogeny of Aselliscus stoliczkanus. The phylogenetic relationships of Aselliscus were investigated based on sequence comparisons of mitochondrial cytochrome-b and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 genes. Dates of divergence within the hipposiderid radiation also were estimated. The echolocation call frequency of A. stoliczkanus is quite high, with the dominant constant frequency component at 119-120 kHz, and a terminal sweep down to 104.5 kHz. The call duration is about 5.4 ms. The diet of A. stoliczkanus is mainly composed of lepidopterans (78.5%), beetles (14.9%), and hemipteran insects (6.5%) in November. Our results indicate that Aselliscus is monophyletic and is correctly classified in the Hipposideridae, and the divergence time for Aselliscus was estimated at 22 million years ago. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. E China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. S Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Tunghai Univ, Dept Biol, Lab Wildlife Ecol, Taichung 407, Taiwan. Univ Bristol, Sch Biol Sci, Bristol BS8 1UG, Avon, England. RP Zhang, SY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, 25 Beisihuan Xilu, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM syzhang@bio.ecnu.edu.cn RI Zhang, Shuyi/B-5117-2011; Zhao, Huabin/D-6956-2011; li, gang/E-5640-2014 NR 73 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 3 BP 736 EP 744 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-273R.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 176UJ UT WOS:000247110100022 ER PT J AU Haynie, ML Fulhorst, CF Rood, M Bennett, SG Hess, BD Bradley, RD AF Haynie, Michelle L. Fulhorst, Charles F. Rood, Michael Bennett, Stephen G. Hess, Barry D. Bradley, Robert D. TI Genetic variation in multilocus microsatellite genotypes in two species of woodrats (Neotoma macrotis and N-fuscipes) from California SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic structure; genetic variation; microsatellites; Neotoma fuscipes; N. macrotis; relatedness ID WHITEWATER ARROYO VIRUS; COASTAL SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; DUSKY-FOOTED WOODRAT; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; ELEPHANT POPULATIONS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; DNA ANALYSIS AB Five microsatellite loci were used to develop multilocus genotypes for Neotoma macrotis (n = 128) and N.fuscipes (n = 29). Several statistical analyses were used to estimate genetic structure, levels of genetic variability, and degree of relatedness within groups of these 2 species. Samples of N. macrotis represented 2 groups and 4 population clusters throughout southern California. Samples of N. juscipes represented 2 regions in northern and southern California. Genetic structure was detected among samples of N. macrotis and N. juscipes at a regional level. Both species displayed moderate to high genetic diversity in terms of mean expected heterozygosity (0.939 and 0.804 for N. macrotis and N. fuscipes, respectively) and mean polymorphic information content (0.930 and 0.761 for N. macrotis and N.fiuscipes, respectively). Mean relatedness values within regions and populations of N. macrotis indicated 4th-order levels of relatedness within groups (e.g., distant-cousin relationships). Mean relatedness values within regions of N. fuscipes indicated 2nd-order (e.g., half-sibling) relationships within the northern region and 3rd-order (e.g., cousin) relationships in the southern region. One locus in particular (Nma04) was determined to be diagnostic in distinguishing between these 2 species. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Cty Los Angeles, Dept Hlth Serv, Baldwin Pk, CA 91706 USA. Orange Cty Vector Control Dist, Garden Grove, CA 92783 USA. Cty Riverside, Dept Environm Hlth, Hemet, CA 92545 USA. Museum Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Haynie, ML (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM hayniem@si.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI041435-08, R01 AI041435] NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 3 BP 745 EP 758 DI 10.1644/06-MAMM-A-041R1.1 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 176UJ UT WOS:000247110100023 PM 19920871 ER PT J AU McPhail, KL Correa, J Linington, RG Gonzalez, J Ortega-Barria, E Capson, TL Gerwick, WH AF McPhail, Kerry L. Correa, Jhonny Linington, Roger G. Gonzalez, Jose Ortega-Barria, Eduardo Capson, Todd L. Gerwick, William H. TI Antimalarial linear lipopeptides from a Panamanian strain of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID DOLASTATIN-10; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; MALARIA PARASITES; STEREOCHEMISTRY; METABOLITES; FALCIPARUM; MICROCOLIN; PEPTIDES AB As part of the Panama International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBG) project, two new (2, 4) and two known (1, 3) linear alkynoic lipopeptides have been isolated from a Panamanian strain of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. Carmabin A (1), dragomabin (2), and dragonamide A (3) showed good antimalarial activity (IC50 4.3, 6.0, and 7.7 mu M, respectively), whereas the nonaromatic analogue, dragonamide B (4), was inactive. The planar structures of all four compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopy in combination with mass spectrometry, and their stereoconfigurations were established by chiral HPLC and by comparison of their optical rotations and NMR data with literature values. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Panama, Lab Trop Bioorgan Chem, Panama City, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Ctr Estudios Biomed, Inst Invest Cientif Avanzados, Panama City 5, Panama. Ctr Estudios Biomed, Serv Alta Tecnol, Panama City 5, Panama. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP McPhail, KL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kerry.mcphail@oregonstate.edu OI Linington, Roger/0000-0003-1818-4971 FU FIC NIH HHS [1-U01 TW006634-01, U01 TW006634, U01 TW006634-01]; NCI NIH HHS [U19 CA052955, CA52955, U19 CA052955-160002]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES000210, P30 ES00210]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM63554, R01 GM063554, R01 GM063554-01]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS053398] NR 22 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 6 BP 984 EP 988 DI 10.1021/np0700772 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 181KQ UT WOS:000247436000016 PM 17441769 ER PT J AU Kruse, I Hare, MP AF Kruse, Inken Hare, Matthew P. TI Genetic diversity and expanding nonindigenous range of the rhizocephalan Loxothylacus panopaei parasitizing mud crabs in the western North Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHITHROPANOPEUS-HARRISII GOULD; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SACCULINID PARASITE; LIFE-CYCLE; MARINE; SALINITY; HOST; CIRRIPEDIA; DISPERSAL AB Nonindigenous parasite introductions and range expansions have become a major concern because of their potential to restructure communities and impact fisheries. Molecular markers provide an important tool for reconstructing the pattern of introduction. The parasitic castrator Loxothylacus panopaei, a rhizocephalan barnacle, infects estuarine mud crabs in the Gulf of Mexico and southeastern Florida. A similar parasite introduced into Chesapeake Bay before 1964, presumably via infected crabs associated with oysters from the Gulf of Mexico, was identified as L. panopaei. Our samples of this species during 2004 and 2005 show that the introduced range has expanded as far south as Edgewater, Florida, just north of the northern endemic range limit. The nonindigenous range expanded southward at a rate of up to 165 km/yr with relatively high prevalence, ranging from 30 to 93%. Mitochondrial DNA sequences from the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene showed that these nonindigenous L. panopaei are genetically distinct from the endemic parasites in southeastern Florida and the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The genetic difference was also associated with distinct host spectra. These results are incompatible with an eastern Gulf source population, but suggest that unrecognized genetic and phenotypic population structure may occur among Gulf of Mexico populations of Loxothylacus. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kruse, I (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM inkenkruse@web.de RI Kruse, Inken/G-2624-2013; Kruse, Inken/E-4207-2014; Kruse, Inken/B-5949-2016 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 93 IS 3 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1645/GE-888R.1 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 184NJ UT WOS:000247648400017 PM 17626349 ER PT J AU Sobrino, C Neale, PJ AF Sobrino, Cristina Neale, Patrick J. TI Short-term and long-term effects of temperature on photosynthesis in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana under UVR exposures SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological weighting functions; photoinhibition; photosynthesis-irradiance curves; pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorescence; repair; temperature; Thalassiosira pseudonana; UVR ID INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE; BIOLOGICAL WEIGHTING FUNCTION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PLECTONEMA-BORYANUM; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; GROWTH; SENSITIVITY; INHIBITION AB Temperature is expected to modify the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on photosynthesis by affecting the rate of repair. We studied the effect of short-term (1 h) and long-term (days) acclimation to temperature on UVR photoinhibition in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal. Photosynthesis was measured during 1 h exposures to varying irradiances of PAR and UVR + PAR at 15, 20, and 25 degrees C, the latter corresponding to the upper temperature limit for optimal growth in T. pseudonana. The exposures allowed the estimation of photosynthesis-irradiance (P-E) curves and biological weighting functions (BWFs) for photoinhibition. For the growth conditions used, temperature did not affect photosynthesis under PAR. However, photoinhibition by UVR was highly affected by temperature. For cultures preacclimated to 20 degrees C, the extent of UVR photoinhibition increased with decreasing temperature, from 63% inhibition of PAR-only photosynthesis at 25 degrees C to 71% at 20 degrees C and 85% at 15 degrees C. These effects were slightly modified after several days of acclimation: UVR photoinhibition increased from 63% to 75% at 25 degrees C and decreased from 85% to 80% at 15 degrees C. Time courses of photochemical efficiency (Phi(PSII)) under UVR + PAR were also fitted to a model of UVR photoinhibition, allowing the estimation of the rates of damage (k) and repair (r). The r/k values obtained for each temperature treatment verified the responses observed with the BWF (R-2 = 0.94). The results demonstrated the relevance of temperature in determining primary productivity under UVR exposures. However, the results suggested that temperature and UVR interact mainly over short (hours) rather than long (days) timescales. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Sobrino, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM sobrinoc@uvigo.es RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012; Sobrino, Cristina/J-3534-2012; OI Sobrino, Cristina/0000-0003-0431-1220 NR 48 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 426 EP 436 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00344.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 170TB UT WOS:000246686100002 ER PT J AU Ross, C Van Alstyne, KL AF Ross, Cliff Van Alstyne, Kathryn L. TI Intraspecific variation in stress-induced hydrogen peroxide scavenging by the ulvoid macroalga Ulva lactuca SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acrylate; acrylic acid; antioxidants; DMS; DMSP; hydrogen peroxide; macroalgae; oxidative stress ID REACTIVE OXYGEN-METABOLISM; ORGANIC SOLUTE ACCUMULATION; INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS; FUCUS SPP. PHAEOPHYCEAE; MARINE MACROALGAE; BETA-DIMETHYLSULPHONIOPROPIONATE; DIMETHYLSULFONIOPROPIONATE DMSP; ENTEROMORPHA-INTESTINALIS; OSMOTIC SIGNIFICANCE; NORTHEAST PACIFIC AB We investigated the presence and kinetics of the oxidative stress response in intertidal and subtidal individuals of the ulvoid macroalga Ulva lactuca L. Stress responses, as measured with both enzymatic and fluorescent-based antioxidant assays, differed between individuals collected from a subtidal and an intertidal habitat. Subtidal individuals secreted significantly more hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) than intertidal individuals when subjected to osmotic stress or desiccation. The activity of reactive-oxygen-scavenging enzymes and the ability to scavenge exogenous H2O2 were lower in subtidal than in intertidal individuals, suggesting that subtidal individuals are less stress tolerant. In vitro experimentation demonstrated that millimolar concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its breakdown products could efficiently scavenge H2O2, with DMSP being a less-effective scavenger than dimethyl sulfide (DMS), acrylic acid, and acrylate. The addition of H2O2 at concentrations of 2.5 mM or greater induced the cleavage of DMSP into DMS and acrylic acid in subtidal individuals. Intertidal individuals were affected in the same manner with the addition of 5 mM H2O2. There were no differences in the amounts of DMSP cleavage in subtidal and intertidal algae when the algae were subjected to hyposaline conditions. Our data suggest that the oxidative-stress-induced cleavage of DMSP affords products with efficient H2O2-scavenging abilities. In addition, U. lactuca individuals growing in intertidal habitats are better acclimatized to changing environments and thus have a higher threshold for oxidative stress than conspecifics in subtidal habitats. C1 Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. RP Ross, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM ross@si.edu RI Van Alstyne, Kathryn/B-1011-2009; Ross, Cliff/B-8291-2011 OI Van Alstyne, Kathryn/0000-0002-7023-5521; NR 49 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 466 EP 474 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00346.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 170TB UT WOS:000246686100006 ER PT J AU Kaeppler, AL AF Kaeppler, Adrienne L. TI Containers of divinity SO JOURNAL OF THE POLYNESIAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Pacific-Arts-Association Conference 2003 CY JUL, 2003 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND SP Pacific Arts Assoc C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kaeppler, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU POLYNESIAN SOC INC PI AUCKLAND PA C/O MAORI STUDIES, UNIV AUCKLAND, PRIVATE BAG, AUCKLAND 92019, NEW ZEALAND SN 0032-4000 J9 J POLYNESIAN SOC JI J. Polyn. Soc. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 116 IS 2 BP 97 EP 130 PG 34 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 226RP UT WOS:000250606500002 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Thacker, PA Turner, BL AF Leytem, April B. Thacker, Phil A. Turner, Benjamin L. TI Phosphorus characterization in feces from broiler chicks fed low-phytate barley diets SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE low-phytate barley; phosphorus; broilers; feces ID PHYTIC ACID BARLEY; BONE MINERALIZATION; ANIMAL MANURES; SOILS; CORN; PERFORMANCE; SOLUBILITY; PHENOTYPE; EXTRACTS; SORPTION AB The inclusion of low phytate grains in poultry diets can reduce the. phosphorus (P) content of poultry feces, but their influence on fecal P composition is not well established. To assess this, 100 male broiler chicks (21 days old) were fed dietary treatments based on either a wild-type barley or one of three low phytate mutant barleys with 59, 62 and 99% reductions in phytate P, compared with the normal barley diet. The birds were housed in raised-floor battery cages with mesh grate floors above fecal collection trays with five birds per pen and five pens per treatment. The birds were fed for 9 days and feces were collected twice a day during the last 2 days of the experiment. Total P concentrations were 14-24% lower in feces from birds fed low phytate barley diets compared with those fed the normal barley diet. Phosphorus digestibility increased (P < 0.05) as phytate in the barley diet decreased. Phosphate was the major P fraction in the feces (69-75% extracted P) regardless of the type of barley fed. Phytate constituted only 3-12% of the P in the feces, indicating its hydrolysis in the bird. Overall, these results suggest that feeding low-phytate barley diets can reduce P concentrations in poultry feces without causing significant changes in P composition. (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM leytem@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 NR 50 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1495 EP 1501 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2865 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 174EV UT WOS:000246925300009 ER PT J AU Bronson, E Bush, M Viner, T Murray, S Wisely, SM Deem, SL AF Bronson, Ellen Bush, Mitchell Viner, Tabitha Murray, Suzan Wisely, Samantha M. Deem, Sharon L. TI Mortality of captive black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) at Smithsonian's National Zoological Park, 1989-2004 SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferret; coccidiosis; mortality; Mustela nigripes; neoplasia; renal disease ID MANAGEMENT; DISEASES AB Black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) mortality was investigated retrospectively based on the pathology records of 107 captive animals held at Smithsonian's National Zoological Park from 1989 to 2004. The majority of deaths in neonates were due to cannibalism (n = 42; 64.6%) and maternal trauma (n = 11; 16.9%); both of these causes of mortality decreased during the study period. Prior to 2001, juvenile mortality was most often caused by gastrointestinal disease (n = 11; 52.4%), including coccidiosis, salmonellosis, and clostridium infection. In 2001, improvements in husbandry, hygiene, and medical treatment led to decreases in juvenile mortality associated with gastrointestinal disease. The most common causes of death in adult ferrets were renal or neoplastic disease. The etiology of the high prevalence of renal disease in the last 4 yr of the study is unknown; it was not associated with increasing age or inbreeding. Improved hygiene and vigilant monitoring for signs of gastrointestinal and renal disease will continue to improve the success of the captive propagation of this species. C1 Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Anim Hlth, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Bronson, E (reprint author), Maryland Zoo, Druid Hill Pk, Baltimore, MD 21217 USA. EM ellen.bronson@marylandzoo.org NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1638/1042-7260(2007)038[0169:MOCBFM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 177AN UT WOS:000247126100001 PM 17679500 ER PT J AU Bronson, E Deem, SL Sanchez, C Murray, S AF Bronson, Ellen Deem, Sharon L. Sanchez, Carlos Murray, Suzan TI Serologic response to a canarypox-vectored canine distemper virus vaccine in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Ailuropoda melanoleuca; canarypox-vectored recombinant vaccine; canine distemper virus; giant panda; titer; vaccine ID DOGS AB The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is known to be susceptible to natural infection with canine distemper virus (CDV). Vaccination of giant pandas with conventional modified live CDV vaccines has been avoided due to the numerous carnivore species known to have become infected with CDV after vaccination. Serum-neutralizing antibodies to CDV were measured after s.c. and i.m. annual vaccination with a canarypox-vectored recombinant CDV vaccine in an adult male and female giant panda over the period of 2 yr. The vaccine proved to be safe, and serum-neutralizing antibody titers interpreted as protective against CDV disease were measured in each animal. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Bronson, E (reprint author), Maryland Zoo Baltimore, Druid Hill Pk, Baltimore, MD 21217 USA. EM ebronson@marylandzoo.org NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI YULEE PA 581705 WHITE OAK ROAD, YULEE, FL 32097 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 38 IS 2 BP 363 EP 366 DI 10.1638/1042-7260(2007)038[0363:SRTACC]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 177AN UT WOS:000247126100028 PM 17679527 ER PT J AU Jung, K Kalko, EKV von Helversen, O AF Jung, K. Kalko, E. K. V. von Helversen, O. TI Echolocation calls in Central American emballonurid bats: signal design and call frequency alternation SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE emballonuridae; echolocation call design; foraging habitat; call frequency alternation ID INSECTIVOROUS BATS; AERIAL-HAWKING; ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION; MOLOSSUS-MOLOSSUS; CHIROPTERA; FIELD; VESPERTILIONIDAE; BALANTIOPTERYX; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION AB In southern Central America, 10 species of emballonurid bats occur, which are all aerial insectivores: some hunt flying insects preferably away from vegetation in open space, others hunt in edge space near vegetation and one species forages mainly over water. We present a search call design of each species and link signal structure to foraging habitat. All emballonurid bats use a similar type of echolocation call that consists of a central, narrowband component and one or two short, frequency-modulated sweeps. All calls are multi-harmonic, generally with most energy concentrated in the second harmonic. The design of search calls is closely related to habitat type, in particular to distance of clutter. Emballonurid bats foraging in edge space near vegetation and over water used higher frequencies, shorter call durations and shorter pulse intervals compared with species mostly hunting in open, uncluttered habitats. Peak frequency correlated negatively with body size. Regular frequency alternation between subsequent calls was typical in the search sequences of four out of 10 species. We discuss several hypotheses regarding the possible role of this frequency alternation, including species identification and partitioning of acoustic channels. Furthermore, we propose a model of how frequency alternation could increase the maximum detection distance of obstacles by marking search calls with different frequencies. C1 Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Zool 2, Erlangen, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Jung, K (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM kirsten.jung@uni-ulm.de NR 58 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 272 IS 2 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00250.x PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 169WS UT WOS:000246623400002 ER PT J AU Toth, E Bauer, RT AF Toth, Eva Bauer, Raymond T. TI Gonopore sexing technique allows determination of sex ratios and helper composition in eusocial shrimps SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL PROTANDRIC HERMAPHRODITISM; SYNALPHEUS-REGALIS; MOLE-RATS; DECAPODA; ALPHEIDAE; EVOLUTION; CARIDEA; REEF; DIFFERENTIATION; REPRODUCTION AB An evaluation of the social organization and sexual system of eusocial species of Synalpheus has been hindered because it has not been possible to determine the sexual composition of colony helpers (workers). The external sexual characters typically used to sex caridean shrimps are lacking in Synalpheus. We used SEM sexing technique to determine the sexual composition of helpers in colonies of Synalpheus regalis, S. rathbunae, S. chacei, S. rathbunae A (see Morrison et al. Mol Phylogen Evol 30:563-568, 2004), and S. filidigitus. Colonies consisted of both sexes and sex ratios of helpers generally conformed to 50:50 female to male. Females were characterized by gonopores with U-shaped slits on the coxae of the third pereopods (first walking legs) while males had oval gonopore openings on the coxae of the fifth pereopods (third or last walking legs). In S. chacei, S. filidigitus, and S. rathbunae A, a few helpers were found that had both male and female gonopores (intersexes). All three reproductive females (queens) of S. filidigitus examined were intersexes. Sexing of helpers allowed us to test some hypotheses about sexual differences in helper morphology that might indicate task specialization (division of labor). Male helpers were not different from female ones in body size (except in S. regalis: males somewhat larger) and in fighting chela size. The lack of sexual dimorphism in these characters suggests no male-female specialization in colony tasks such as defense. The presence of male and female helpers similar in size suggests that the sexual system of these eusocial species is gonochoristic, although protandry of some sort in S. filidigitus can not be ruled out. The intersexuality observed in a few individuals may be due to developmental anomalies, protandry, or even simultaneous hermaphroditism. Finally, the sexing technique allowed us to establish that new colonizers of unoccupied sponges in S. rathbunae are a single male and female of helper size. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Toth, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM tothev@si.edu NR 48 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 151 IS 5 BP 1875 EP 1886 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0618-z PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 169TJ UT WOS:000246614300025 ER PT J AU O'Dea, A Rodriguez, F Romero, T AF O'Dea, Aaron Rodriguez, Felix Romero, Tania TI Response of zooid size in Cupuladria exfragminis (Bryozoa) to simulated upwelling temperatures SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article DE bryozoa; cupuladriid; palaeotemperature; temperature-size rule; upwelling; zooid size approach ID LIFE-HISTORY; CHEILOSTOME BRYOZOANS; GROWTH; ECTOTHERMS; ISTHMUS; PANAMA; RULE; SEA; ENVIRONMENTS; NEOGENE AB We investigate the effect of the temperature-size rule upon zooids of the tropical American bryozoan Cupuladria exfragminis. Results show that mean zooid length, zooid width and zooid area vary significantly between clonal replicates of C. exfragminis kept under different controlled temperature conditions. Significantly larger zooids are produced during times of lowered water temperature that are comparable with the temperatures that occur during seasonal upwelling along the Pacific coast of Panama where the animal lives in abundance. Interpolation of data suggests that a drop of 1 degrees C causes a 5% increase in zooid size, and that almost all variation in zooid size in natural populations can be explained by temperature. Results are discussed in context of the potential use of zooid size variation in cupuladriid bryozoans to measure the strength of seasonal upwelling in ancient seas by analysing zooid size changes in fossil colonies. The technique of cloning cupuladriid colonies by fragmentation is also discussed with reference to its benefits in experimental studies where genotypes need to be controlled or replicated. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP O'Dea, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM odeaa@si.edu RI O'Dea, Aaron/D-4114-2011 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0173-9565 J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00144.x PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 179TO UT WOS:000247313200008 ER PT J AU Agnarsson, I Maddison, WP Aviles, L AF Agnarsson, Ingi Maddison, Wayne P. Aviles, Leticia TI The phylogeny of the social Anelosimus spiders (Araneae : Theridiidae) inferred from six molecular loci and morphology SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE cobweb spiders; combined analysis; congruence; evolutionary dead end; evolution of sociality; sociality; total evidence ID SUBSOCIAL SPIDER; INTERDEMIC SELECTION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NATAL DISPERSAL; VARIABLE RATES; EVOLUTION; EXIMIUS; SEQUENCES; INFERENCE; SUBSTITUTION AB We use fragments of three nuclear genes (Historic 3, 18SrDNA, and 28SrDNA) and three mitochondrial genes (16SrDNA, ND1, and COI) totalling approximately 4.5 kb, in addition to morphological data, to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among Anelosimus spiders, well known for their sociality. The analysis includes 67 individuals representing 23 of the 53 currently recognized Anelosimus species and all species groups previously recognized by morphological evidence. We analyse the data using Bayesian, maximum likelihood, and parsimony methods, considering the genes individually as well as combined (mitochondrial, nuclear, and both combined) in addition to a 'total evidence' analysis including morphology. Most of the data partitions are congruent in agreeing on several fundamental aspects of the phylogeny, and the combined molecular data yield a tree broadly similar to an existing morphological hypothesis. We argue that such congruence among data partitions is an important indicator of support that may go undetected by standard robustness estimators. Our results strongly support Anelosimus monophyly, and the monophyly of the recently revised American 'eximius lineage', although slightly altered by excluding A. pacificus. There was consistent support for the scattering of American Anelosimus species in three clades suggesting intercontinental dispersal. Several recently described species are reconstructed as monophyletic, supporting taxonomic decisions based on morphology and behaviour in this taxonomically difficult group. Corroborating previous results from morphology, the molecular data suggest that social species are scattered across the genus and thus that sociality has evolved multiple times, a significant finding for exploring the causes and consequences of social evolution in this group of organisms. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Agnarsson, I (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 2370-6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM ingi@zoology.ubc.ca; wmaddisn@interchange.ubc.ca; laviles@zoology.ubc.ca NR 75 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 833 EP 851 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.09.011 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 182YD UT WOS:000247539000010 PM 17081775 ER PT J AU Koepfli, KP Gompper, ME Eizirik, E Ho, CC Linden, L Maldonado, JE Wayne, RK AF Koepfli, Klaus-Peter Gompper, Matthew E. Eizirik, Eduardo Ho, Cheuk-Chung Linden, Leif Maldonado, Jesus E. Wayne, Robert K. TI Phylogeny of the Procyonidae (Mammalia : Carnivora): Molecules, morphology and the Great American Interchange SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Procyonidae; Carnivora; molecular phylogeny; Great American Interchange; biogeography; molecules versus morphology ID KINKAJOUS POTOS-FLAVUS; RED PANDA AILURUS; DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; CYTOCHROME-B; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DENTAL MORPHOLOGY; ORDER CARNIVORA; GIANT PANDA; MIDDLE MIOCENE; EVOLUTION AB The Procyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora) have played a central role in resolving the controversial systematics of the giant and red pandas, but phylogenetic relationships of species within the family itself have received much less attention. Cladistic analyses of morphological characters conducted during the last two decades have resulted in topologies that group ecologically and morphologically similar taxa together. Specifically, the highly arboreal and frugivorous kinkajou (Potos flavus) and olingos (Bassaricyon) define one clade, whereas the more terrestrial and omnivorous coatis (Nasua), raccoons (Procyon), and ringtails (Bassariscus) define another clade, with the similar-sized Nasua and Procyon joined as sister taxa in this latter group. These relationships, however, have not been tested with molecular sequence data. We examined procyonid phylogenetics based on combined data from nine nuclear and two mitochondrial gene segments totaling 6534 bp. We were able to fully resolve relationships within the family with strongly supported and congruent results from maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses. We identified three distinct lineages within the family: a (Nasua, Bassaricyon) clade, a (Bassariscus, Procyon) clade, and a Potos lineage, the last of which is sister to the other two clades. These findings, which are in strong disagreement with prior fossil and morphology-based assessments of procyonid relationships, reemphasize the morphological and ecological flexibility of these taxa. In particular, morphological similarities between unrelated genera possibly reflect convergence associated with similar lifestyles and diets rather than ancestry. Furthermore, incongruence between the molecular supermatrix and a morphological character matrix comprised mostly of dental characters [Baskin, JA., 2004. Bassariscus and Probassariscus (Mammalia, Carnivora, Procyonidae) from the early Barstovian (Middle Miocene). J. Vert. Paleo. 24,709-720] may be due to non-independence among atomized dental characters that does not take into account the high developmental genetic correlation of these characters. Finally, molecular divergence dating analyses using a relaxed molecular clock approach suggest that intergeneric and intrageneric splits in the Procyonidae mostly occurred in the Miocene. The inferred divergence times for intrageneric splits for several genera whose ranges are bisected by the Panamanian Isthmus is significant because they suggest diversification well precedes the Great American Interchange, which has long been considered a primary underlying mechanism for procyonid evolution. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Biociencias, BR-90619900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, NMNH, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Koepfli, KP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM klausk@lifesci.ucla.edu RI Eizirik, Eduardo/K-8034-2012 OI Eizirik, Eduardo/0000-0002-9658-0999 NR 149 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 15 U2 63 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1076 EP 1095 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.10.003 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 182YD UT WOS:000247539000027 PM 17174109 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Tierney, SM Park, YC Fuller, S Schwarz, MP AF Smith, Jaclyn A. Tierney, Simon M. Park, Yung Chul Fuller, Susan Schwarz, Michael P. TI Origins of social parasitism: The importance of divergence ages in phylogenetic studies SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE social parasite; sympatric speciation; allodapine bees ID SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; ALLODAPINE BEES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; EVOLUTION; ANTS; HYMENOPTERA; EXTINCTION; APIDAE; TREES; RATES AB Phylogenetic studies on insect social parasites have found very close host-parasite relationships, and these have often been interpreted as providing evidence for sympatric speciation. However, such phylogenetic inferences are problematic because events occurring after the origin of parasitism, such as extinction, host switching and subsequent speciation, or an incomplete sampling of taxa, could all confound the interpretation of phylogenetic relationships. Using a tribe of bees where social parasitism has repeatedly evolved over a wide time-scale, we show the problems associated with phylogenetic inference of sympatric speciation. Host-parasite relationships of more ancient species appear to support sympatric speciation, whereas in a case where parasitism has evolved very recently, sympatric speciation can be ruled out. However, in this latter case, a single extinction event would have lead to relationships that support sympatric speciation, indicating the importance of considering divergence ages when analysing the modes of social parasite evolution. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Dongguk Univ, Dept Biol, Seoul 100715, South Korea. Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM jaclyn.smith@flinders.edu.au RI Fuller, Susan/I-9584-2012; Tierney, Simon/H-2410-2015; OI Tierney, Simon/0000-0002-8812-6753; Fuller, Susan/0000-0003-4399-0166; Park, Yung Chul/0000-0002-5466-2339 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1131 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.028 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 182YD UT WOS:000247539000031 PM 17433725 ER PT J AU Hussain, GAJ Jardine, M Donati, JF Brickhouse, NS Dunstone, NJ Wood, K Dupree, AK Cameron, AC Favata, F AF Hussain, G. A. J. Jardine, M. Donati, J.-F. Brickhouse, N. S. Dunstone, N. J. Wood, K. Dupree, A. K. Cameron, A. Collier Favata, F. TI The coronal structure of AB Doradus determined from contemporaneous Doppler imaging and X-ray spectroscopy SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; stars : coronae; stars : imaging; stars : magnetic fields; stars : spots; X-rays : stars ID STELLAR CORONAE; ACTIVE STARS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; EXPLORER OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION; DOR; PROMINENCES; QUIESCENT; IMAGES; ALGOL AB We obtain contemporaneous observations of the surface and corona of AB Doradus (AB Dor), a young single cool star, using ground-based circularly polarized spectra from the Anglo-Australian Telescope and X-ray light curves and spectra from the Chandra satellite. The ground-based data are used to construct surface magnetic field maps, which are extrapolated to produce detailed models of the quiescent corona. The X-ray data serve as a new test for the validity of these coronal models. We find that AB Dor's X-ray corona must be concentrated close to its surface, with a height, H similar to 0.3-0.4 R* this height is determined by the high coronal density and complex multipolar magnetic field from the surface maps. There is also significant correlation between the positions of surface and coronal active longitudes as determined from the surface spot and magnetic field maps and the X-ray light curve. At this epoch (2002 December) AB Dor appears to possess one very large active longitude region, covering almost half the star; displaying enhanced activity in the form of large dark spots, strong magnetic fields and chromospheric emission. This is unusual as previous surface maps of AB Dor typically display more active regions that span a wider range of longitudes. Finally, the level of rotational modulation and shape of the X-ray light curve depend on the distribution of magnetic field in the obscured hemisphere (AB Dor is inclined by 60 degrees). The models that best reproduce the rotational modulation observed in the contemporaneous Chandra X-ray light curve and spectra require the magnetic field in the obscured hemisphere to be of the same polarity as that in the observed hemisphere. The Sun shows different behaviour, with the leading polarity reversed in the opposite hemisphere. The X-ray observations provide a unique constraint on the magnetic structure in the obscured hemisphere. C1 Univ St Andrews, SUPA, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Astrophys Toulouse Tarbes, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. European Space Agcy, Estec, Div Astrophys, Res & Sci Support Dept, Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Hussain, GAJ (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, SUPA, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM gajh@st-andrews.ac.uk; mmj@st-andrews.ac.uk; donati@ast.obs-mip.fr; bhouse@head.cfa.harvard.edu; njd2@st-andrews.ac.uk; kw25@st-andrews.ac.uk; dupree@cfa.harvard.edu; acc4@st-andrews.ac.uk; Fabio.Favata@rssd.esa.int RI Dunstone, Nick/G-6304-2012; OI Dunstone, Nick/0000-0001-6859-6814; Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473; Cameron, Andrew/0000-0002-8863-7828 NR 55 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 377 IS 4 BP 1488 EP 1502 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11692.x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 172IS UT WOS:000246798200010 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Gil, P Gansicke, BT Hagen, HJ Araujo-Betancor, S Aungwerojwit, A Prieto, CA Boyd, D Casares, J Engels, D Giannakis, O Harlaftis, ET Kube, J Lehto, H Martinez-Pais, IG Schwarz, R Skidmore, W Staude, A Torres, MAP AF Rodriguez-Gil, P. Gansicke, B. T. Hagen, H.-J. Araujo-Betancor, S. Aungwerojwit, A. Prieto, C. Allende Boyd, D. Casares, J. Engels, D. Giannakis, O. Harlaftis, E. T. Kube, J. Lehto, H. Martinez-Pais, I. G. Schwarz, R. Skidmore, W. Staude, A. Torres, M. A. P. TI SW Sextantis stars: the dominant population of cataclysmic variables with orbital periods between 3 and 4 h SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : close; novae, cataclysmic variables ID DW URSAE MAJORIS; VY SCULPTORIS STARS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SEX STAR; SECONDARY STAR; WHITE-DWARF; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY; ACCRETION DISKS; V1315 AQUILAE; PX ANDROMEDAE AB We present time-series optical photometry of five new cataclysmic variables (CVs) identified by the Hamburg Quasar Survey (HQS). The deep eclipses observed in HS 0129+2933 (= TT Tri), HS 0220+0603 and HS 0455+8315 provided very accurate orbital periods of 3.35129827(65), 3.58098501(34) and 3.56937674(26) h, respectively. HS 0805+3822 shows grazing eclipses and has a likely orbital period of 3.2169(2) h. Time-resolved optical spectroscopy of the new CVs (with the exception of HS 0805+3822) is also presented. Radial velocity studies of the Balmer emission lines provided an orbital period of 3.55 h for HS 1813+6122, which allowed us to identify the observed photometric signal at 3.39 h as a negative superhump wave. The spectroscopic behaviour exhibited by all the systems clearly identifies them as new SW Sextantis (SW Sex) stars. HS 0220+0603 shows unusual N II and Si II emission lines suggesting that the donor star may have experienced nuclear evolution via the CNO cycle. These five new additions to the class increase the number of known SW Sex stars to 35. Almost 40 per cent of the total SW Sex population do not show eclipses, invalidating the requirement of eclipses as a defining characteristic of the class and the models based on a high orbital inclination geometry alone. On the other hand, as more SW Sex stars are identified, the predominance of orbital periods in the narrow 3-4.5 h range is becoming more pronounced. In fact, almost half the CVs which populate the 3-4.5 h period interval are definite members of the class. The dominance of SW Sex stars is even stronger in the 2-3 h period gap, where they make up 55 per cent of all known gap CVs. These statistics are confirmed by our results from the HQS CVs. Remarkably, 54 per cent of the Hamburg nova-like variables have been identified as SW Sex stars with orbital periods in the 3-4.5 h range. The observation of this pile-up of systems close to the upper boundary of the period gap is difficult to reconcile with the standard theory of CV evolution, as the SW Sex stars are believed to have the highest mass-transfer rates among CVs. Finally, we review the full range of common properties that the SW Sex stars exhibit. Only a comprehensive study of this rich phenomenology will prompt to a full understanding of the phenomenon and its impact on the evolution of CVs and the accretion processes in compact binaries in general. C1 Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. Naresuan Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. British Astron Assoc, Variable Star Sect, W Challow OX12 9TX, England. Natl Observ Athens, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Athens 11810, Greece. Natl Observ Athens, Inst Space Applicat & Remote Sensing, Athens 11810, Greece. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. Turku Univ, Tuorla Observ, FIN-21500 Piikkio, Finland. Turku Univ, Dept Phys, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland. Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrophys, Tenerife, Spain. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rodriguez-Gil, P (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, Via Lactea SN, E-38205 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. EM prguez@iac.es RI Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; Giannakis, Omiros/K-4420-2013; Rodriguez-Gil, Pablo/H-7709-2015 OI Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; Giannakis, Omiros/0000-0002-2470-1042; Rodriguez-Gil, Pablo/0000-0002-4717-5102 NR 97 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 377 IS 4 BP 1747 EP 1762 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11743.x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 172IS UT WOS:000246798200037 ER PT J AU Langin, KM Reudink, MW Marra, PP Norris, DR Kyser, TK Ratcliffe, LM AF Langin, Kathryn M. Reudink, Matthew W. Marra, Peter P. Norris, D. Ryan Kyser, T. Kurt Ratcliffe, Laurene M. TI Hydrogen isotopic variation in migratory bird tissues of known origin: implications for geographic assignment SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE American redstart; migration; molt; passerine bird; stable isotopes ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; STABLE-ISOTOPES; NORTH-AMERICA; MIGRANT SONGBIRDS; BREEDING ORIGINS; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; COOPERS-HAWKS; RATIOS; FEATHERS; WATER AB Continent-wide variation in hydrogen isotopic composition of precipitation is incorporated into animal diets, providing an intrinsic marker of geographic location at the time of tissue growth. Feathers from migratory birds are now frequently analyzed for stable-hydrogen isotopes (delta D) to estimate the location of individuals during a preceding molt. Using known-origin birds, we tested several assumptions associated with this emerging technique. We examined hydrogen isotopic variation as a function of age, sex, feather type and the timing of molt in a marked population of American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) breeding in southeastern Ontario. We measured delta D in feathers and blood from individuals that bred or hatched at our study site during the year in which those tissues were grown. Juvenile tissues from 5- to 10-day-old birds had more negative delta D values than those from adults, which most likely reflected age-related differences in diet. Within adults, primary feathers had more negative delta D values than contour feathers. The mean delta D value in adult primary feathers was relatively consistent among years and with the value expected for our study population. However, among-individual variation in delta D corresponded to an estimated latitudinal range of 6-8 degrees (650-900 km). We conclude that feathers sampled from recently hatched juveniles may not provide a reliable estimate of expected local isotopic signatures for comparison with adult feathers of unknown origin. Furthermore, we urge researchers to use caution when using delta D values in feathers to infer geographic origin, and suggest that the best approach is to assign individuals to broad geographic zones within a species' potential molting range. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Langin, KM (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM langink@biology.queensu.ca RI Norris, Ryan/F-4720-2011; OI Langin, Kathryn/0000-0002-1799-1942; Reudink, Matthew/0000-0001-8956-5849 NR 45 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 2007 VL 152 IS 3 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1007/s00442-007-0669-3 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 169TN UT WOS:000246614700006 PM 17370093 ER PT J AU Zillio, T Condit, R AF Zillio, Tommaso Condit, Richard TI The impact of neutrality, niche differentiation and species input on diversity and abundance distributions SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL FORESTS; AREA CURVES; BIODIVERSITY; MODELS; HYPOTHESIS; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; TREES; POPULATION; CORE AB We present a spatially-explicit generalization of Hubbell's model of community dynamics in which the assumption of neutrality is relaxed by incorporating dispersal limitation and habitat preference. In simulations, diversity and species abundances were governed by the rate at which new species were introduced (usually called 'speciation') and nearly unaffected by dispersal limitation and habitat preference. Of course, in the absence of species input, diversity is maintained solely by niche differences. We conclude that the success of the neutral model in predicting the abundance distribution has nothing to do with neutrality, but rather with the species-introduction process: when new species enter a community regularly as singletons, the typical J-shaped abundance distribution, with a long tail of rare species, is always observed, whether species differ in habitat preferences or not. We suggest that many communities are indeed driven by the introduction process, accounting for high diversity and rarity, and that species differences may be largely irrelevant for either. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. RP Zillio, T (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM tommaso.zillio@gmail.com NR 55 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUN PY 2007 VL 116 IS 6 BP 931 EP 940 DI 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.15662.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 167EW UT WOS:000246435000004 ER PT J AU Faisal, FHM AF Faisal, F. H. M. TI Gauge-equivalent intense-field approximations in velocity and length gauges to all orders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB A gauge invariant formulation of the so-called intense-field Keldysh-Faisal-Reiss (KFR) approximations in the "velocity" and "length" gauges is given and their equivalence is demonstrated term by term to all orders of the theory. It overcomes a long standing discrepancy between the velocity and the length gauge strong-field KFR amplitudes for nonperturbative processes in intense laser fields. C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Faisal, FHM (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 AR 063412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.063412 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 184EQ UT WOS:000247624300127 ER PT J AU Afshordi, N Chung, DJH Doran, M Geshnizjani, G AF Afshordi, Niayesh Chung, Daniel J. H. Doran, Michael Geshnizjani, Ghazal TI Cuscuton cosmology: Dark energy meets modified gravity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; CONSTANT; PERTURBATIONS; QUINTESSENCE; SUPERNOVAE; BRANE; SPACE AB In a companion paper, we have introduced a model of scalar field dark energy, Cuscuton, which can be realized as the incompressible (or infinite speed of sound) limit of a k-essence fluid. In this paper, we study how Cuscuton modifies the constraint sector of Einstein gravity. In particular, we study Cuscuton cosmology and show that even though Cuscuton can have an arbitrary equation of state, or time dependence, and is thus inhomogeneous, its perturbations do not introduce any additional dynamical degree of freedom and only satisfy a constraint equation, amounting to an effective modification of gravity on large scales. Therefore, Cuscuton can be considered to be a minimal theory of evolving dark energy, or a minimal modification of a cosmological constant, as it has no internal dynamics. Moreover, this is the only modification of Einstein gravity to our knowledge, that does not introduce any additional degrees of freedom (and is not conformally equivalent to the Einstein gravity). We then study two simple Cuscuton models, with quadratic and exponential potentials. The quadratic model has the exact same expansion history as Lambda CDM, and yet contains an early dark energy component with constant energy fraction, which is constrained to Omega(Q)less than or similar to 2%, mainly from WMAP Cosmic Microwave Background and Sloan Digital Sky Survey Lyman-alpha forest observations. The exponential model has the same expansion history as the Dvali-Gabadadze-Poratti self-accelerating brane-world model, but generates a much smaller Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, and is thus consistent with the Cosmic Microwave Background observations. Finally, we show that the evolution is local on superhorizon scales, implying that there is no gross violation of causality, despite Cuscuton's infinite speed of sound. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, MS-51,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Afshordi, N (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, MS-51,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nafshordi@cfa.harvard.edu; Danielchung@wisc.edu; M.Doran@thphys.uni-heidelberg.de; ghazal@physics.wisc.edu NR 44 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 12 AR 123509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.123509 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 184FB UT WOS:000247625400019 ER PT J AU Bhardwaj, A Elsner, RF Gladstone, GR Cravens, TE Lisse, CM Dennerl, K Branduardi-Raymont, G Wargelin, BJ Waite, JH Robertson, I Ostgaard, N Beiersdorfer, P Snowden, SL Kharchenko, V AF Bhardwaj, Anil Elsner, Ronald F. Gladstone, G. Randall Cravens, Thomas E. Lisse, Carey M. Dennerl, Konrad Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella Wargelin, Bradford J. Waite, J. Hunter, Jr. Robertson, Ina Ostgaard, Nikolai Beiersdorfer, Peter Snowden, Steven L. Kharchenko, Vasili TI X-rays from solar system objects SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Meeting of the Asia-Oceania-Geosciences-Society CY JUN 20-24, 2005 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE planets; minor bodies; planetary satellites; comets; X-ray emission; solar wind; heliosphere; atmosphere ID IO PLASMA TORUS; WIND CHARGE-EXCHANGE; SELECTIVE ELECTRON-CAPTURE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT MONITOR; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; JOVIAN AURORAL ELECTRONS; ASTEROID 433 EROS; COMET HALE-BOPP; ALL-SKY SURVEY AB During the last few years our knowledge about the X-ray emission from bodies within the solar system has significantly improved. Several new solar system objects are now known to shine in X-rays at energies below 2 keV. Apart from the Sun, the known X-ray emitters now include planets (Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn), planetary satellites (Moon, Io, Europa, and Ganymede), all active comets, the Io plasma torus (IPT), the rings of Saturn, the coronae (exospheres) of Earth and Mars, and the heliosphere. The advent of higher-resolution X-ray spectroscopy with the Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observatories has been of great benefit in advancing the field of planetary X-ray astronomy. Progress in modeling X-ray emission, laboratory studies of X-ray production, and theoretical calculations of cross-sections, have all contributed to our understanding of processes that produce X-rays from the solar system bodies. At Jupiter and Earth, both auroral and non-auroral disk X-ray emissions have been observed. X-rays have been detected from Saturn's disk, but no convincing evidence of an X-ray aurora has been observed. The first soft (0.1-2 keV) X-ray observation of Earth's aurora by Chandra shows that it is highly variable. The non-auroral X-ray emissions from Jupiter, Saturn, and Earth, those from the disk of Mars, Venus, and Moon, and from the rings of Saturn, are mainly produced by scattering of solar X-rays. The spectral characteristics of X-ray emission from comets, the heliosphere, the geocorona, and the Martian halo are quite similar, but they appear to be quite different from those of Jovian auroral X-rays. X-rays from the Galilean satellites and the IPT are mostly driven by impact of Jovian magnetospheric particles. This paper reviews studies of the soft X-ray emission from the solar system bodies, excluding the Sun. Processes of production of solar system X-rays are discussed and an overview is provided of the main source mechanisms of X-ray production at each object. A brief account on recent development in the area of laboratory studies of X-ray production is also provided. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 685022, Kerala, India. NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC XD12, Space Sci Branch, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. MPI Extraterrest Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bhardwaj, A (reprint author), Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 685022, Kerala, India. EM anil_bhardwaj@vssc.gov.in; ron.elsner@msfc.nasa.gov; randy.gladstone@swri.org; cravens@ku.edu; carey.lisse@jhuapl.edu; kod@mpe.mpg.de; gbr@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; bwargelin@cfa.harvard.edu; hwaite@swri.edu; robertin@ku.edu; nikost@ift.uib.no; beiersdorfer@llnl.gov; snowden@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; vkharchenko@cfa.harvard.edu RI Snowden, Steven/D-5292-2012; Lisse, Carey/B-7772-2016; OI Lisse, Carey/0000-0002-9548-1526; Bhardwaj, Anil/0000-0003-1693-453X NR 250 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 SI SI BP 1135 EP 1189 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2006.11.009 PG 55 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 189WH UT WOS:000248018800014 ER PT J AU Knutson, HA Charbonneau, D Deming, D Richardson, LJ AF Knutson, Heather A. Charbonneau, David Deming, Drake Richardson, L. Jeremy TI A ground-based search for thermal emission from the exoplanet TrES-1 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ECLIPSE; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; TRANSITING PLANET; HD 189733B; SPECTROSCOPY; ATMOSPHERES; PHOTOMETRY; SPECTRUM; HD-209458B AB Eclipsing planetary systems give us an important window on extrasolar planet atmospheres. By measuring the depth of the secondary eclipse, when the planet moves behind the star, we can estimate the strength of the thermal emission from the day side of the planet. Obtaining a ground-based detection of one of these eclipses has proven to be a significant challenge, as time-dependent variations in instrument throughput and atmospheric seeing and absorption overwhelm the small signal of the eclipse at infrared wavelengths. We gathered a series of simultaneous L grism spectra of the transiting planet system TrES-1 and a nearby comparison star of comparable brightness, allowing us to correct for these effects, in principle. Combining the data from two eclipses, we demonstrate a detection sensitivity of 0.15% in the eclipse depth relative to the stellar flux. This approaches the sensitivity required to detect the planetary emission, which theoretical models predict should lie between 0.05% and 0.1% of the stellar flux in our 2.9-4.3 mu m bandpass. We explore the factors that ultimately limit the precision of this technique, and discuss potential avenues for future improvements. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanet & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Knutson, HA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hknutson@cfa.harvard.edu; dcharbonneau@cfa.harvard.edu; ddeming@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov; richardsonlj@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 856 BP 616 EP 622 DI 10.1086/520098 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 183RV UT WOS:000247590800003 ER PT J AU Stouffer, PC Bierregaard, RO AF Stouffer, Philip C. Bierregaard, Richard O., Jr. TI Recovery potential of understory bird communities in Amazonian rainforest fragments SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ORNITOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE forest fragmentation; bird communities; secondary forest; landscape ecology; Amazonia ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; BRAZIL; LANDSCAPE; ABUNDANCE; DEFORESTATION; ACCUMULATION; EXTINCTIONS; REGROWTH; PATTERNS AB Understory bird communities have been studied in a series of Amazonian rainforest fragments near Manaus, Brazil for about 20 years. Previous analysis of standardized mist-net samples revealed considerable temporal dynamism in capture rates, with communities in fragments responding to growth or cutting of the second growth matrix. This pattern was superimposed on expected fragment size effects among the 1-, 10-, and 100-ha fragments. Here we extend our earlier analysis of landscape effects by separately considering 1- and 10-ha fragments, with the goal of describing the recovery of bird communities in fragments surrounded by abandoned second growth. Most guilds, with the exception of terrestrial insectivores, appear to be on a trajectory to return to pre-isolation abundance in 10-ha fragments Within about 40 years. Although some guilds showed similar recovery in 1-ha fragments, these were mostly species also common in second growth. Our results suggest that matrix development can allow bird communities to approach pre-isolation structure in fragments of at least 10 ha, but we emphasize that this conclusion represents a best-case scenario facilitated by the proximity to primary forest of the fragments we studied. C1 [Stouffer, Philip C.; Bierregaard, Richard O., Jr.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Projeto Dinam Fragmentos Florestais, BR-69011097 Manaus, AM, Brazil. [Stouffer, Philip C.; Bierregaard, Richard O., Jr.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BR-69011097 Manaus, AM, Brazil. [Stouffer, Philip C.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, RNR 227, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Stouffer, Philip C.] LSU Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bierregaard, Richard O., Jr.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Stouffer, PC (reprint author), Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Projeto Dinam Fragmentos Florestais, CP 478, BR-69011097 Manaus, AM, Brazil. EM pstouffer@lsu.edu FU Brazil's Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia; Smithsonian Institution; World Wildlife Fund-US; MacArthur Foundation; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Brazil's Ministry for Science and Technology; U.S. National Science Foundation; Summit Foundation; Shell Oil, Citibank, Champion International; Homeland Foundation; National Geographic Society FX We thank the many banders and mateiros who helped collect the data and the staff of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project for their logistical support. The BD-FFP is managed and supported by Brazil's Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia and the Smithsonian Institution. Financial support for the project has also been provided by the World Wildlife Fund-US, the MacArthur Foundation, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Brazil's Ministry for Science and Technology, U.S. National Science Foundation, the Summit Foundation, Shell Oil, Citibank, Champion International, the Homeland Foundation, and the National Geographic Society. We appreciate the helpful comments of D. Anderson, and B. Moser as we developed the analysis. We also recognize the contributions of the many colleagues with whom we've discussed Amazonian Bird communities. This is publication 489 of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Technical Series. This manuscript was approved for publication by the Director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as manuscript number 07-400227. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ORNITOLOGIA PI VICOSA PA C/O ROMULO RIBON, MUSEU ZOOLOGIA JOAO MOOJEN, LADEIRA DOS OPERARIOS 54-204, VICOSA, MG 36570-000, BRAZIL SN 0103-5657 J9 REV BRAS ORNITOL JI Rev. Bras. Ornitol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 219 EP 229 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 339KH UT WOS:000258576000006 ER PT J AU Worm, B Barbier, EB Beaumont, N Duffy, JE Folke, C Halpern, BS Jackson, JBC Lotze, HK Micheli, F Palumbi, SR Sala, E Selkoe, KA Stachowicz, JJ Watson, R AF Worm, Boris Barbier, Edward B. Beaumont, Nicola Duffy, J. Emmett Folke, Carl Halpern, Benjamin S. Jackson, Jeremy B. C. Lotze, Heike K. Micheli, Fiorenza Palumbi, Stephen R. Sala, Enric Selkoe, Kimberley A. Stachowicz, John J. Watson, Reg TI Response to comments on "Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MARINE; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; RESERVES; COLLAPSE; BIOMASS; AREAS C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Univ Wyoming, Dept Econ & Finance, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Beijer Int Inst Ecol Econ, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 2072, Panama. Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Worm, B (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM bworm@dal.ca NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 81 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 316 IS 5829 BP 1285 EP 1286 DI 10.1126/science.1138466 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 173PS UT WOS:000246885600029 ER PT J AU Sautu, A Baskin, JM Baskin, CC Deago, J Condit, R AF Sautu, Adriana Baskin, Jerry M. Baskin, Carol C. Deago, Jose Condit, Richard TI Classification and ecological relationships of seed dormancy in a seasonal moist tropical forest, Panama, Central America SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE panama Canal Watershed; precipitation gradient; seasonal moist tropical forest; seed dormancy classes; seed ecology ID SAPINDUS-TRIFOLIATUS VAHL; DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; RAIN-FORESTS; GERMINATION; TREES; SCARIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; GRADIENT; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS AB This is the first study to determine the class of seed dormancy (or non-dormancy) of a large number of native tree species in a tropical forest, the seasonal moist tropical forest of the Panama Canal Watershed (PCW), or to test the relationships between class of dormancy (or non-dormancy) and various seed and ecological characteristics of the constituent species. Fresh seeds of 49 of 94 tree species were nondormant (ND), and 45 were dormant (D). Seeds of 23 species had physiological dormancy (PD), 13 physical dormancy (PY), two morphological dormancy (MD), 7 morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) and no-ne combinational dormancy (PY + PD). Seeds with PY were significantly smaller (< 0.1 g) and drier (moisture content < 16%) at maturity than those that were ND or in the other D classes. Seeds of 62, 42 and 53% of species dispersed in the early rainy, late rainy (LRS) and dry seasons, respectively, were ND. The majority (61%) of species with PD seeds, but only 17% of those with PY seeds, were dispersed in the LRS. The proportion of species with ND seeds was higher in large-size (63%) than in mid-size (35%) and understorey (17%) trees, but differed only slightly between non-pioneers (58%) and pioneers (54%). The proportion of species with D seeds increased only slightly through a precipitation gradient of about 3100 to 1900 mm in the PCW; however, PY increased from 19 to 32% and PD decreased from 63 to 44%. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City 340020948, Panama. Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Baskin, JM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM jmbask0@uky.edu NR 60 TC 16 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1017/S0960258507708127 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 187QG UT WOS:000247862500007 ER EF