FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hall, JPW AF Hall, JPW TI A phylogenetic revision of Calydna and relatives (Lepidoptera : Riodinidae) SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID LIMITS AB A phylogenetic revision of the Neotropical riodinid genus Calydna Doubleday and relatives is presented. A phylogenetic analysis for all twenty species of Calydna using thirty-eight characters of adult morphology generated four most parsimonious cladograms. Calydna is characterised to contain eighteen species, divided here into three monophyletic species groups with the relationship caieta group + (thersander group + hiria group). A new genus Echydna Hall gen. n. is described for the most basal clade, containing chaseba Hewitson and punctata C. & R. Felder, which are transferred from Calydna (combs. n.). The taxonomy, morphology, biogeography and biology of both genera are discussed, locality data is listed and mapped, and the adults and male and female genitalia are illustrated for all species. Concealed male abdominal androconial scales, which phylogenetically unite the thersander and hiria groups, are reported for the first time outside of the tribes Symmachiini and Nymphidiini. Two new species are described, Calydna jeannea sp. n. and Calydna nicolayi sp. n., and the replacement name fissilisima is provided for the unavailable name fissilis Stichel; maculosa Bates is transferred from Calydna to Callistium Stichel.(comb. n.). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hall, JPW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU APOLLO BOOKS PI STENSTRUP PA KIRKEBY SAND, 19, DK-5771 STENSTRUP, DENMARK SN 1399-560X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 185 EP 237 PG 53 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 585VF UT WOS:000177544700005 ER PT J AU Polhemus, JT Polhemus, DA AF Polhemus, JT Polhemus, DA TI The Trepobatinae (Gerridae) of New Guinea and surrounding regions, with a review of the world fauna. Part 6. Phylogeny, biogeography, world checklist, bibliography and final taxonomic addenda SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID WATER STRIDERS HEMIPTERA; AQUATIC HETEROPTERA; PENINSULAR MALAYSIA; SINGAPORE; EVOLUTION; GUIDE AB The small waterstriders of the subfamily Trepobatinae have radiated extensively on New Guinea and surrounding archipelagos. The present contribution is the sixth in a series of reports dealing with this endemic fauna, and presents a cladistic analysis at the generic level for the subfamily, a biogeographic analysis, a world checklist, a complete bibliography, and final taxonomic addenda. The taxonomic appendix contains new distributional records for Stygiobates mubi Polhemus & Polhemus, and descriptions of the following new taxa: the new genus Talaudia to hold the previously described Andersenella nilsi Chen & Nieser from the Talaud Archipelago; Metrobatoides bifurcatus sp. n. from northern central Irian Jaya; and Iobates ivimka sp. n. from southern Papua New Guinea. The current cladistic analysis supports the previously proposed tribal classification, with the Metrobatini, Trepobatini, Naboandelini, and Stenobatini all resolved as discrete monophyletic groups. Our cladistic and biogeographic analyses also suggest that the current distribution of trepobatine genera in the New Guinea region has been strongly influenced by past tectonic events, most notably the accretion of island arc terranes derived from the Solomons and Halmahera arc systems. This has led to distinct areas of freshwater and marine endemism among the Metrobatini and Stenobatini in the areas surrounding Halmahera, the Vogelkop Peninsula, and northeastern New Guinea plus nearby islands. By contrast, the distribution of Naboandelini in the New Guinea region suggests a vicariance pattern with Australia across the Torres Strait. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Colorado Museum, Englewood, CO 80110 USA. RP Polhemus, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado Museum, 3115 S York St, Englewood, CO 80110 USA. NR 239 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU APOLLO BOOKS PI STENSTRUP PA KIRKEBY SAND, 19, DK-5771 STENSTRUP, DENMARK SN 1399-560X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 253 EP 290 PG 38 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 607JK UT WOS:000178788300002 ER PT J AU Schultz, TR Solomons, SA Mueller, UG Villesen, P Boomsma, JJ Adams, RMM Norden, B AF Schultz, TR Solomons, SA Mueller, UG Villesen, P Boomsma, JJ Adams, RMM Norden, B TI Cryptic speciation in the fungus-growing ants Cyphomyrmex longiscapus Weber and Cyphomyrmex muelleri Schultz and Solomon, new species (Formicidae, Attini) SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Cyphomyrmex; Attini; fungus-growing ants; cryptic speciation ID HYMENOPTERA; GARDENS AB Nesting in abundance on stream embankments in the wet forests of Panama, the fungus-growing ant Cyphomyrmex longiscapus sensu lato has become a model organism for the study of behavior, ecology, mating frequency, cultivar specificity, pathogenesis, and social parasitism in the attine agricultural symbiosis. Allozyme markers, morphology, and other evidence indicate that C longiscapus s.l. is in fact a complex of two species, one of which is new to science and described here as Cyphomyrmex muelleri Schultz and Solomon, new species. Although both species occur sympatrically in the same microhabitats and are ecologically, behaviorally, and morphologically quite similar, they consistently cultivate two distantly related fungal symbionts. Thus, each of the two sibling ant species is specialized on a distinct cultivar species, contradicting the conclusions of a previous study. Information is provided for reliably separating the two ant species; morphometrics, ecology, behavior, biogeography, and natural history are summarized. Possible evolutionary mechanisms underlying cryptic speciation in C longiscapus s.l. are discussed. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Texas, Patterson Labs, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Aarhus Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Inst Zool, Dept Populat Ecol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Schultz, TR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, MRC 188,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RI Adams, Rachelle/J-8846-2013; Boomsma, Jacobus/M-2785-2014 OI Adams, Rachelle/0000-0002-0918-9861; Boomsma, Jacobus/0000-0002-3598-1609 NR 40 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 331 EP 343 DI 10.1007/PL00012657 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 623MR UT WOS:000179707700006 ER PT J AU Xiao, KC Ogawa, H Fukui, Y AF Xiao, KC Ogawa, H Fukui, Y TI A novel LO power injection method for SIS mixers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES LA English DT Article DE LO power; SIS mixers; waveguide; submillimeter wave; pumping ID RADIO ASTRONOMY; GHZ; RECEIVERS; JUNCTIONS AB We propose a novel LO power injection method developed for SIS mixers in this paper. Based on the feature of extremely small LO power requirements of SIS quantum mixing, the new method fulfills SIS pumping through a DCAF route based built-in LO path, which is composed of an additional LO waveguide and the existing microstrip choke filter on the junction substrate. With the new method, traditional external LO diplexers(e.g., crossguide-couplers or beamsplitters) become unnecessary, resulting in a lower loss, compact, and stable receiver system. Experiments at 110- and 230 GHz bands have shown that the present method is efficient in coupling sufficient pumping power to SIS junctions from general LO sources, and the receiver sensitivities have a further improvement of about 10 K. We expect this method is also able to be applied into submillimeter wave band for SIS mixers. C1 Nagoya Univ, Dept Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. RP Xiao, KC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-12, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9271 J9 INT J INFRARED MILLI JI Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1023/A:1015029800254 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 511LL UT WOS:000173265300003 ER PT J AU Tudge, CC Cunningham, CW AF Tudge, CC Cunningham, CW TI Molecular phylogeny of the mud lobsters and mud shrimps (Crustacea : Decapoda : Thalassinidea) using nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial 16S rDNA SO INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Article ID GILL-CLEANING MECHANISMS; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; GHOST SHRIMP; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; AXIANASSA CRUSTACEA; EVOLUTION; CRABS; SYSTEMATICS; ANOMURA AB Partial sequences of the 18S nuclear and 16S mitochondrial ribosomal genes were obtained for 14 species of thalassinidean shrimp (families Callianassidae, Laomediidae, Strahlaxiidae, Thalassinidae and Upogebiidae) and a further six species in related decapod infraorders (families Aeglidae, Astacidae, Lithodidae, Palinuridae, Raninidae and Scyllaridae). Maximum- likelihood and Bayesian analyses show equivocal support for the monophyly of the Thalassinidea, but show strong support for division of the infraorder into two major clades. This dichotomy separates representatives in the Upogebiidae, Laomediidae and Thalassinidae from those in the Strahlaxiidae and Callianassidae. The Laomediidae is shown to be paraphyletic, with the thalassinid species, Thalassina squamifera, being placed on a branch between Axianassa and a clade comprising Jaxea and Laomedia, the three current laomediid genera. For a monophyletic Laomediidae, the family Axianassidae should be resurrected for the genus Axianassa. C1 American Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Zool, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Tudge, CC (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Biol, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM tudge.christopher@nmnh.si.edu RI Cunningham, Clifford/B-9807-2014; OI Cunningham, Clifford/0000-0002-5434-5122 NR 69 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-5226 EI 1447-2600 J9 INVERTEBR SYST JI Invertebr. Syst. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 6 BP 839 EP 847 DI 10.1071/IS02012 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 624RB UT WOS:000179773800001 ER PT J AU Freidberg, A Mathis, WN AF Freidberg, A Mathis, WN TI The Periscelididae (Diptera) of Israel, with description of a new species of Stenomicra Coquillett SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARVAE AB Periscelis annulata (Fallen) and Stenomicra jordanensis n. sp. are recorded from Israel, and the latter species is described. A brief diagnosis of the family and a key to the two species are provided. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Freidberg, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM afdipter@post.tau.ac.il NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 34299, JERUSALEM 91341, ISRAEL SN 0021-2210 J9 ISR J ZOOL JI Isr. J. Zool. PY 2002 VL 48 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 575NL UT WOS:000176953000004 ER PT J AU Gibbs, S Collard, M Wood, B AF Gibbs, S Collard, M Wood, B TI Soft-tissue anatomy of the extant hominoids: a review and phylogenetic analysis SO JOURNAL OF ANATOMY LA English DT Review DE cladistics; hominoids; Homo; Pan; phylogeny; soft-tissues ID HYLOBATES H LAR; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; EXTERNAL GENITALIA; AORTIC-ARCH; EVOLUTION; PRIMATES; CHIMPANZEE; MUSCLE; MUSCULATURE; MORPHOLOGY AB This paper reports the results of a literature search for information about the soft-tissue anatomy of the extant non-human hominoid genera, Pan, Gorilla, Pongo and Hylobates, together with the results of a phylogenetic analysis of these data plus comparable data for Homo. information on the four extant non-human hominoid genera was located for 240 out of the 1783 soft-tissue structures listed in the Nomina Anatomica. Numerically these data are biased so that information about some systems (e.g. muscles) and some regions (e.g. the forelimb) are over-represented, whereas other systems and regions (e.g. the veins and the lymphatics of the vascular system, the head region) are either under-represented or not represented at all. Screening to ensure that the data were suitable for use in a phylogenetic analysis reduced the number of eligible soft-tissue structures to 171. These data, together with comparable data for modern humans, were converted into discontinuous character states suitable for phylogenetic analysis and then used to construct a taxon-by-character matrix. This matrix was used in two tests of the hypothesis that soft-tissue characters can be relied upon to reconstruct hominoid phylogenetic relationships. In the first, parsimony analysis was used to identify cladograms requiring the smallest number of character state changes. In the second, the phylogenetic bootstrap was used to determine the confidence intervals of the most parsimonious clades. The parsimony analysis yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram that matched the molecular cladogram. Similarly the bootstrap analysis yielded clades that were compatible with the molecular cladogram; a (Homo, Pan) clade was supported by 95% of the replicates, and a (Gorilla, Pan, Homo) clade by 96%. These are the first hominoid morphological data to provide statistically significant support for the clades favoured by the molecular evidence. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Liverpool, New Med Sch, Dept Human Anat & Cell Biol, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. UCL, AHRB Ctr Evolutionary Anal Cultural Behav, London WC1E 6BT, England. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Wood, B (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, 2110 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM bwood@gwu.edu NR 223 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8782 EI 1469-7580 J9 J ANAT JI J. Anat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 200 IS 1 BP 3 EP 49 DI 10.1046/j.0021-8782.2001.00001.x PG 47 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 515YA UT WOS:000173523200001 PM 11833653 ER PT J AU Agnarsson, I AF Agnarsson, I TI Sharing a web - On the relation of sociality and kleptoparasitism in theridiid spiders (theridiidae, araneae) SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress of Arachnology CY MAR 26-30, 2001 CL BADPLAAS, SOUTH AFRICA SP Biosyst Div DE argyrodes; kleptoparasitism; maternal care; social behavior ID MATERNAL-CARE; NEW-ZEALAND; BIOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTION AB Sociality and kleptoparasitism occur commonly in theridiid spiders. In both behaviors a number of conspecifics occupy a single web; gregariousness entails tolerance. Sociality has evolved several times in theridiids, but kleptoparasitism seems to have arisen only once. All four or more instances of sociality in theridiids are concentrated within a clade of relatively distal theridiids. This distribution of sociality suggests common cause, i.e. the presence of some characteristics that may facilitate the evolution of social behavior. The monophyletic genus Argyrodes, many of which are kleptoparasitic, is sister to the clade containing all social theridiids. Sociality and kleptoparasitism may thus be phylogenetically related in theridiid spiders; behaviors that facilitated the evolution of sociality could also have facilitated kleptoparasitism. Both may have their roots in maternal care. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Agnarsson, I (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 2023 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 49 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0181:SAWOTR]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 613GM UT WOS:000179124600001 ER PT J AU Kuntner, M AF Kuntner, M TI The placement of Perilla (Araneae, Araneidae) with comments on araneid phylogeny SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress of Arachnology CY MAR 26-30, 2001 CL BADPLAAS, SOUTH AFRICA SP Biosyst Div DE Araneidae; Araneinae; Nephilinae; Tetragnathidae; cladistics; spiders; Perilla; Chorizopes AB The Oriental spider genus Perilla Thorell is revised, diagnosed and transferred from the tetragnathid subfamily Nephilinae to the araneid subfamily Araneinae. Cladistic analysis of recently published araneid matrices with the addition of Perilla supports this new placement. Perilla groups with Chorizopes O. P.-Cambridge, previously a basal araneid. Perilla teres Thorell, the type species of the genus, is redescribed. The only other known species, Perilla cylindrogaster Simon, is proposed as a junior synonym of P. teres, which renders Perilla monotypic. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kuntner, M (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 2023 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA C/O NORMAN I PLATNICK, AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0281:TPOPAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 613GM UT WOS:000179124600014 ER PT J AU Cheung, ASC Lo, DHY Leung, KWS Yoshino, K Thorne, AP Murray, JE Ito, K Matsui, T Imajo, T AF Cheung, ASC Lo, DHY Leung, KWS Yoshino, K Thorne, AP Murray, JE Ito, K Matsui, T Imajo, T TI The application of a vacuum ultraviolet Fourier transform spectrometer and synchrotron radiation source to measurements of: IV. The beta(6,0) and gamma(3,0) bands of NO SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; A(2)SIGMA(+)-X(2)PI; SYSTEMS; BETA; O-2 AB The beta (6,0) (B (2)Pi (r)-X (2)Pi (r)) and gamma (3,0) (A (2)Sigma (+)-X (2)Pi (r)) bands of NO have been recorded using a vacuum ultraviolet Fourier transform spectrometer with synchrotron radiation as light source. The analysis of the beta (6,0) and gamma (3,0) bands of NO provides accurate rotational line positions and term values. Molecular constants of the v=6 level of the B (2)Pi (r) and v=3 level of the A (2)Sigma (+) have been determined. Accurate rotational line strengths have also been obtained. The band oscillator strength of the beta (6,0) and gamma (3,0) bands are determined to be 0.48x10(-4) and 2.69x10(-4), respectively. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. KEK, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Japan Womens Univ, Tokyo 1128681, Japan. RP Cheung, ASC (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1063/1.1421064 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 503EC UT WOS:000172784700018 ER PT J AU Vila, R Iglesias, J Canigueral, S Santana, AI Solis, PN Gupta, MP AF Vila, R Iglesias, J Canigueral, S Santana, AI Solis, PN Gupta, MP TI Chemical composition and biological activity of the leaf oil of Siparuna thecaphora (Poepp. et Endl.) A.DC. SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Siparuna thecaphora; Siparuna nicaraguensis; Monimiaceae; essential oil composition; bacteriostatic activity AB The essential oil from the leaves of Siparuna thecaphora was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-six components were identified representing approximately 60% of the oil, among which oxygenated sesquiterpenes (27%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (18%) and linear oxygenated compounds (11%) were the major groups of constituents, with spathulenol (9.4%), 2-tridecanone (5.3%) and alpha-copaene (4.5%) being the main components, The oil exhibited bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC 250 mug/mL), but no larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. C1 Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Unitat Farmacol & Farmacognosia, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Panama, CIFLORPAN, Fac Farm, Panama City, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Vila, R (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Unitat Farmacol & Farmacognosia, Avda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. OI Gupta, Mahabir/0000-0002-9302-7864 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1041-2905 J9 J ESSENT OIL RES JI J. Essent. Oil Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 66 EP 67 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 517AW UT WOS:000173589800027 ER PT J AU Smalley, GW Coats, DW AF Smalley, GW Coats, DW TI Ecology of the red-tide dinoflagellate Ceratium furca: Distribution, mixotrophy, and grazing impact on ciliate populations of Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bloom formation; ingestion rate; nutritional benefits; Strobilidium spp. ID THECATE HETEROTROPHIC DINOFLAGELLATE; FRAGILIDIUM-SUBGLOBOSUM DINOPHYCEAE; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; GYRODINIUM-GALATHEANUM; LIGHT-INTENSITY; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PLANKTONIC PROTISTS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; TEMPORAL ASPECTS AB Ceratium furca is a primarily photosynthetic dinoflagellate also capable of ingesting other protists. During 1995 and 1996, we documented the abundance of C. furca in Chesapeake Bay and determined grazing rates on prey labeled with fluorescent microspheres. Abundance usually remained below 20 cells ml(-1), although the species was capable of localized late-summer blooms (less than or equal to 478 cells ml(-1)) in the more saline lower to mid-Bay region. Feeding rates ranged from 0 to 0.11 prey dinoflagellate(-1) h(-1) or from 0 to 37 pg C dinoflagellate(-1) h(-1) and were highest at lower salinities. Clearance rates averaged 2.5 +/- 0.35 mul dinoflagellate(-1) h(-1). Impact of C. furca feeding on prey populations was higher in the lower Bay, averaging 67% of Strobilidium spp. removed d(-1). Ingestion rates were positively correlated with prey abundance and dissolved inorganic nitrogen, but negatively with salinity, depth, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, and inorganic P:N ratio. Daily consumption of prey biomass by C. furca averaged 4.6% of body carbon, 6.5% of body nitrogen, and 4.0% of body phosphorus, with maximal values of 36, 51, and 32%, respectively. Thus, the ability to exploit an organic nutrient source when inorganic nutrients are limiting may give C. furca a competitive advantage over purely photosynthetic species. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Maryland, Horn Point Environm Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RP Smalley, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM smalley@serc.si.edu NR 66 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1066-5234 EI 1550-7408 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00343.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 520LR UT WOS:000173783800009 PM 11908900 ER PT J AU Buzas, MA Hayer, LAC Reed, SA Jett, JA AF Buzas, MA Hayer, LAC Reed, SA Jett, JA TI Foraminiferal densities over five years in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: A model of pulsating patches SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS AB Densities of 5 taxa along with 7 environmental variables were measured monthly with 4 replicates at each of 3 stations over a period of 5 years. The 720 observations of density for each taxon were analyzed by General Linear Models with density as the dependent variable. Differences among stations, years, seasons and their interactions are all significant. When treated as covariates environmental variables contributed little to explaining the observed variability in densities. However, the observed densities of the taxa are highly correlated and when a single taxon is treated as a covariate most of the variability in the density of a related taxon is explained. There are no significant differences among replicates (taken within a square meter) or their interactions. Consequently, the biotic or abiotic factor(s), although unknown, responsible for the simultaneous density variation of the taxa operate on a relatively small spatial scale. Based on these observations and previous studies, we propose a model wherein individual foraminifers are spatially distributed as a heterogeneous continuum forming patches with different densities that are only meters apart; reproduction is asynchronous causing pulsating patches that vary in space and time. Thus, we would expect significant differences among stations, years, seasons and their interaction. At the same time, no long-term increase or decrease in density for any of the taxa is observed. Evidently, long-term stability is achieved through considerable short-term variability in space and time. Although observations at a single station are not indicative of a larger area at any particular time, the concept of pulsating patches indicates that observations at a station will in the long-term give an assessment of a larger area. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Buzas, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM buzas.marty@nmnh.si.edu NR 38 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 68 EP 92 DI 10.2113/0320068 PG 25 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 514GQ UT WOS:000173431000007 ER PT J AU Ubelaker, DH Volk, CG AF Ubelaker, DH Volk, CG TI A test of the Phenice method for the estimation of sex SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; sex estimation; Phenice; skeletal ID VENTRAL ARC; OS PUBIS AB The Phenice method for the estimation of sex of an individual from the pelvis was tested on 198 individuals of known sex from the Terry collection by an individual with training in the technique, but no additional training in forensic anthropology. Sex was correctly estimated in 88.4% of all individuals and more accurately estimated in females than in males. In a subsequent test of the same individuals by the same investigator utilizing additional non-metric pelvic indicators, overall accuracy increased to 96.5%, with slightly greater accuracy for males. The study suggests that experience likely contributes to the accuracy of the Phenice method and that for inexperienced investigators, consultation of all pelvic indicators offers an advantage over using just the three variables in the Phenice method. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ubelaker, DH (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 7 U2 30 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 512BZ UT WOS:000173302400004 PM 12064650 ER PT J AU Prince, DA Ubelaker, DH AF Prince, DA Ubelaker, DH TI Application of Lamendin's adult dental aging technique to a diverse skeletal sample SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; skeletal age at death; adults; teeth; Lamendin ID AGE ESTIMATION; PHASE-ANALYSIS; WHITE FEMALES; STERNAL RIB; DEATH; MALES AB Lamendin et al. (1) proposed a technique to estimate age at death for adults by analyzing single-rooted teeth. They expressed age as a function of two factors: translucency of the tooth root and periodontosis (gingival regression). In their study, they analyzed 306 singled rooted teeth that were extracted at autopsy from 208 individuals of known age at death, all of whom were considered as having a French ancestry. Their sample consisted of 135 males, 73 females, 198 whites, and 10 blacks. The sample ranged in age from 22 to 90 years of age. By using a simple formulae (A = 0.18 x P + 0.42 x T + 25.53, where A = Age in years, P = Periodontosis height x 100/root height, and T = Transparency height x 100/root height), Lamendin et al. were able to estimate age at death with a mean error of +/- 10 years on their working sample and +/- 8.4 years on a forensic control sample. Lamendin found this technique to work well with a French population, but did not test it outside of that sample area. This study tests the accuracy of this adult aging technique on a more diverse skeletal population, the Terry Collection housed at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. Our sample consists of 400 teeth from 94 black females, 72 white females, 98 black males, and 95 white males, ranging from 25 to 99 years. Lamendin's technique was applied to this sample to test its applicability to a population not of French origin. Providing results from a diverse skeletal population will aid in establishing the validity of this method to be used in forensic cases, its ideal purpose. Our results suggest that Lamendin's method estimates age fairly accurately outside of the French sample yielding a mean error of 8.2 years, standard deviation 6.9 years, and standard error of the mean 0.34 years. In addition, when ancestry and sex are accounted for, the mean errors are reduced for each group (black females, white females, black males, and white males). Lamendin et al. reported an inter-observer error of 9 +/- 1.8 and 10 +/- 2 years from two independent observers. Forty teeth were randomly remeasured from the Terry Collection in order to assess an intra-observer error. From this retest, an intra-observer error of years was detected. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NMNH, Dept Anthropol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Prince, DA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, 250 S Stadium Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 16 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 512BZ UT WOS:000173302400013 PM 12064635 ER PT J AU Behrensmeyer, AK Deino, AL Hill, A Kingston, JD Saunders, JJ AF Behrensmeyer, AK Deino, AL Hill, A Kingston, JD Saunders, JJ TI Geology and geochronology of the middle Miocene Kipsaramon site complex, Muruyur Beds, Tugen Hills, Kenya SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Kipsaramon; Miocene; Kenya; Tugen Hills; stratigraphy; geochronology; hominoid; equatorius ID ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; RIFT-VALLEY; AR-40/AR-39; NEOGENE; HOMINID AB The Muruyur Beds are a substantial sedimentary deposit within a middle Miocene sequence of mafic volcanic flows associated with early stages of rifting in the central Kenyan Rift Valley. They are best represented in the Muruyur region, near Bartabwa, north of Kipsaramon, where dates range from 16(.)0 to 13(.)4 Ma. At Kipsaramon, located about 10 km south of Muruyur along the crest of the Tugen Hills, the upper Muruyur Beds are absent and the lower part can be divided into three members. Important fossil sites within Member 1 are dated between 15(.)8 and 15(.)6 Ma, and within Member 3 between 15(.)6 and 15(.)4 Ma. BPRP#89, in Member 1, is a bonebed at least 2500 m(2) in areal extent and up to 30 cm thick, which constitutes one of the richest concentrations of in situ fossil vertebrate bones in eastern Africa. BPRP#91, at approximately the same level at BPRP#89, is the source of a hominoid talus and other mammal and bird fossils. In Member 3, BPRP#122 has produced specimens of at least five individuals of the hominoid Equatorius, including a partial skeleton. The Muyuyur Beds were deposited near the western margin, of a lake that was formed during the early stages of faulting and volcanism in the African Rift system. The bonebed in Member 1 appears to represent the influx of fluvially transported vertebrate and plant remains into a shallow portion of the lake. Elements of the fauna as well as stable isotopes that indicate both forest and more open. environments occurred in proximity to the lake during the time of deposition of Member 1. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Illinois State Museum, RCC, Springfield, IL USA. RP Behrensmeyer, AK (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 38 DI 10.1006/jhev.2001.0519 PG 28 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 520MG UT WOS:000173785200002 PM 11795966 ER PT J AU Lantz, K Disterhoft, P Early, E Thompson, A DeLuisi, J Berndt, J Harrison, L Kiedron, P Ehramjian, J Bernhard, G Cabasug, L Robertson, J Mou, WF Taylor, T Slusser, J Bigelow, D Durham, B Janson, G Hayes, D Beaubien, M Beaubien, A AF Lantz, K Disterhoft, P Early, E Thompson, A DeLuisi, J Berndt, J Harrison, L Kiedron, P Ehramjian, J Bernhard, G Cabasug, L Robertson, J Mou, WF Taylor, T Slusser, J Bigelow, D Durham, B Janson, G Hayes, D Beaubien, M Beaubien, A TI The 1997 North American Interagency Intercomparison of Ultraviolet Spectroradiometers Including Narrowband Filter Radiometers SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental monitoring; intercomparison; solar ultraviolet; spectroradiometers ID MERCURY PENCIL LAMPS; MONITORING SPECTRORADIOMETERS; IRRADIANCE STANDARDS; BAND RADIOMETERS; SPECTRAL-LINES; SURF AB The fourth North American Intercomparison of Ultraviolet Monitoring Spectro-radiometers was held September 15 to 25, 1997 at Table Mountain outside of Boulder, Colorado, USA. Concern over stratospheric ozone depletion has prompted several government agencies in North America to establish networks of spectroradiometers for monitoring solar ultraviolet irradiance at the surface of the Earth. The main purpose of the Intercomparison was to assess the ability of spectroradiometers to accurately measure solar ultraviolet irradiance, and to compare the results between instruments of different monitoring networks. This Intercomparison was coordinated by NIST and NOAA, and included participants from the ASRC, EPA, NIST, NSF, SERC, USDA, and YES. The UV measuring instruments included scanning spectroradiometers, spectrographs, narrow band multi-filter radiometers, and broadband radiometers. Instruments were characterized for wavelength accuracy, bandwidth, stray-light rejection, and spectral irradiance responsivity. The spectral irradiance responsivity was determined two to three times outdoors to assess temporal stability. Synchronized spectral scans of the solar irradiance were performed over several days. Using the spectral irradiance responsivities determined with the NIST traceable standard lamp, and a simple convolution technique with a Gaussian slit-scattering function to account for the different bandwidths of the instruments, the measured solar irradiance from the spectroradiometers excluding the filter radiometers at 16.5 h UTC had a relative standard deviation of +/-4% for wavelengths greater than 305 nm. The relative standard deviation for the solar irradiance at 16.5 h UTC including the filter radiometer was +/-4% for filter functions above 300 nm. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Biospher Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Univ Georgia, Natl Ultraviolet Monitoring Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Yankee Environm Syst, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Lantz, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM edward.early@nist.gov; ambler.thompson@nist.gov NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS 1 BP 19 EP 62 DI 10.6028/jres.107.006 PG 44 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 538XX UT WOS:000174841400003 PM 27446717 ER PT J AU Perry, EA Boness, DJ Insley, SJ AF Perry, EA Boness, DJ Insley, SJ TI Effects of sonic booms on breeding gray seals and harbor seals on Sable Island, Canada SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Acoustical-Society-of-America-Sonic-Boom Symposium held at the ASA 136th Meeting CY OCT 15-16, 1998 CL NORFOLK, VIRGINIA SP Acoust Soc Amer Son Boom, ASA, Phys Acous Noise & Anim Bioacoust Tech Comm ID PHOCA-VITULINA; GREY SEAL; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; GROENLANDICA; HARASSMENT; BEHAVIOR; SEASON; NOISE AB The Concorde produces audible sonic booms as it passes 15 km north of Sable Island, Nova Scotia, where gray and harbor seals occur year round. The purpose of this research was to assess how sonic booms affect these seals. The intensity of the booms was measured and three types of data (beach counts, frequency of behavior, and heart rate) were collected before and after booms during the breeding seasons of the two species. In addition to the data taken during breeding, beach counts were made before and after booms during the gray seal moult. The greatest range in overpressure within a single boom was 2.70 psf during gray seal breeding and 2.07 psf during harbor seal breeding. No significant differences were found in the behavior or beach counts of gray seals following sonic booms, regardless of the season. Beach counts and most behaviors of harbor seals also did not differ significantly following booms, however, harbor seals became more vigilant. The heart rates of four gray seal mothers and three pups showed no clear change as a result of booms, but six male harbor seals showed a nonsignificant tendency toward elevated heart rates during the 15-s interval of the boom. These results suggest sonic booms produced by the Concorde, in level flight at altitude and producing on average a sonic boom of 0.9 psf, do not substantially affect the breeding behavior of gray or harbor seals. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Zool Res, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Boness, DJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Zool Res, Washington, DC 20008 USA. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 111 IS 1 BP 599 EP 609 DI 10.1121/1.1349538 PN 2 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 513TC UT WOS:000173394500015 PM 11837965 ER PT J AU Eberhard, WG Flores, C AF Eberhard, WG Flores, C TI The behavior and natural history of Hybosciara gigantea (Diptera : Sciaridae) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Sciaridae; behavior; natural history ID CHROMOSOME AB Larvae of Hybosciara gigantea fed on leaf litter and formed compact masses of up to several hundred individuals. Sex ratios were often highly biased, and varied widely in different masses. Given the fact that in some sciarid species females are able to produce only a single sex of offspring. larvae in masses were probably often siblings: several other aspects of the flies's natural history were in accord with this hypothesis. Young adult females, but apparently not mates. dispersed long distances. Males formed loose ephemeral swarms near vegetation where copulation occurred. C1 Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Eberhard, WG (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Ciudad Univ, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM archisepsis@biologia.ucr.ac.cr NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 75 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 574TE UT WOS:000176905000003 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI Alfred H. Barr, Jr. and the intellectual origins of the museum of modern art. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 127 IS 1 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 509WN UT WOS:000173173000051 ER PT J AU Riley, S AF Riley, S TI On green dolphin street. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. RP Riley, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 127 IS 1 BP 151 EP 151 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 509WN UT WOS:000173173000341 ER PT B AU Forman, W Jones, C Markevitch, M Vikhlinin, A Churazov, E AF Forman, W Jones, C Markevitch, M Vikhlinin, A Churazov, E BE Gilfanov, M Sunyaev, R Churazov, E TI Chandra observations of the components of clusters, groups, and galaxies and their interactions SO LIGHTHOUSES OF THE UNIVERSE: THE MOST LUMINOUS CELESTIAL OBJECTS AND THEIR USE FOR COSMOLOGY SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference on Lighthouses of the Universe CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL GARCHING, GERMANY ID VIRGO CLUSTER; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; COMA CLUSTER; RADIO HALO; ROSAT-PSPC; M87; MATTER; ASCA; ABUNDANCE; EVOLUTION AB We discuss two themes from Chandra observations of galaxies, groups, and clusters. First, we review the merging process as seen through the high angular resolution of Chandra. We present examples of sharp, edge-like surface brightness structures "cold fronts", the boundaries of the remaining cores of merger components and the Chandra observations of CL0657, the first clear example of a strong cluster merger shock. In addition to reviewing already published work, we present observations of the cold front around the elliptical galaxy NGC1404 which is infalling into the Fornax cluster. Second, we review the effects of relativistic, radio-emitting plasmas or "bubbles", inflated by active galactic nuclei, on the hot X-ray emitting gaseous atmospheres in galaxies and clusters. We review published work and also discuss the unusual X-ray structures surrounding the galaxies NGC4636 and NGC507. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Forman, W (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA USA. RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013 NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43769-X J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2002 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1007/10856495_6 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV62R UT WOS:000179560500006 ER PT B AU Bromm, V Coppi, PS Larson, RB AF Bromm, V Coppi, PS Larson, RB BE Gilfanov, M Sunyaev, R Churazov, E TI From darkness to light: The first stars in the universe SO LIGHTHOUSES OF THE UNIVERSE: THE MOST LUMINOUS CELESTIAL OBJECTS AND THEIR USE FOR COSMOLOGY SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference on Lighthouses of the Universe CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL GARCHING, GERMANY ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; REIONIZATION; FRAGMENTATION; OBJECTS AB Paramount among the processes that ended the cosmic 'dark ages' must have been the formation of the first generation of stars. In order to constrain its nature, we investigate the collapse and fragmentation of metal-free gas clouds. We explore the physics of primordial star formation by means of three-dimensional simulations of the dark matter and gas components, using smoothed particle hydrodynamics. We find characteristic values for the temperature, T similar to a few 100 K, and the density, n similar to 10(3) - 10(4) cm(-3), characterising the gas at the end of the initial free-fall phase. The corresponding Jeans mass is M-J similar to 10(3) M-circle dot. The existence of these characteristic values has a robust explanation in the microphysics of H-2 cooling, and is not very sensitive to the cosmological initial conditions. These results suggest that the first stars might have been quite massive, possibly even very massive with M-* > 100 M-circle dot. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bromm, V (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43769-X J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2002 BP 316 EP 322 DI 10.1007/10856495_49 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV62R UT WOS:000179560500049 ER PT B AU Narayan, R AF Narayan, R BE Gilfanov, M Sunyaev, R Churazov, E TI Why do AGN lighthouses switch off? SO LIGHTHOUSES OF THE UNIVERSE: THE MOST LUMINOUS CELESTIAL OBJECTS AND THEIR USE FOR COSMOLOGY SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference on Lighthouses of the Universe CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL GARCHING, GERMANY ID ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; NONTHERMAL SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; X-RAY BINARIES; SGR-A; CYGNUS X-1; SUBMILLIMETER EMISSION; POLARIZED MILLIMETER AB Nearby galactic nuclei are observed to be very much dimmer than active galactic nuclei in distant galaxies. The Chandra X-ray Observatory has provided a definitive explanation for why this is so. With its excellent angular resolution, Chandra has imaged hot X-ray-emitting gas close to the gravitational capture radius of a handful of super-massive black holes, including Sgr A* in the nucleus of our own Galaxy. These observations provide direct and reliable estimates of the Bondi mass accretion rate M(Bondi) in these nuclei. It is found that M(Bondi) is significantly below the Eddington mass accretion rate, but this alone does not explain the dimness of the accretion flows. In all the systems observed so far, the accretion luminosity L(acc) much less than 0.1M(Bondi)c(2), which means that the accretion must occur via a radiatively inefficient mode. This conclusion, which was strongly suspected for many years, is now inescapable. Furthermore, if the accretion in these nuclei occurs via either a Bondi flow or an advection-dominated accretion flow, the accreting plasma must be two-temperature at small radii, and the central mass must have an event horizon. Convection, winds and jets may play a role, but observations do not yet permit definite conclusions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Narayan, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rnarayan@cfa.harvard.edu NR 145 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43769-X J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2002 BP 405 EP 427 DI 10.1007/10856495_60 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV62R UT WOS:000179560500060 ER PT B AU Di Matteo, T Allen, SW Fabian, AC Wilson, AS Young, AJ AF Di Matteo, T Allen, SW Fabian, AC Wilson, AS Young, AJ BE Gilfanov, M Sunyaev, R Churazov, E TI Chandra and the black hole in M87 SO LIGHTHOUSES OF THE UNIVERSE: THE MOST LUMINOUS CELESTIAL OBJECTS AND THEIR USE FOR COSMOLOGY SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference on Lighthouses of the Universe CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL GARCHING, GERMANY ID IONIZED-GAS; GALAXIES; DISK AB Chandra observations of the nucleus of M87 allow us to resolve the thermal state of its hot interstellar medium well within the accretion radius of its central 3 x 100(9)M(circle dot) black hole. We measure gas temperature and density in the accretion region and calculate a Bondi accretion rate of M-Bondi similar to 0.2M(circle dot)yr(-1). With Chandra we measure the X-ray luminosity of the nucleus of M87 to be L-x similar to 3 x 10(4) erg s(-1). Accretion onto the black hole at the Bondi rate predicts a nuclear luminosity of L-B similar to 7 x 10(44) erg s(-1) for a canonical accretion radiative efficiency of 10%. These new Chandra and longer wavelength constraints, provide the most direct evidence that the black hole in M87 is likely to accrete at a much lower radiative efficiency than the canonical value (unless not much of the mass fed into the outer region of its accretion flow reaches the black hole). We show the Bondi accretion rate is consistent. with low-radiative efficiency accretion flow models. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Di Matteo, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43769-X J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2002 BP 443 EP 449 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV62R UT WOS:000179560500063 ER PT B AU Schwartz, D AF Schwartz, D BE Gilfanov, M Sunyaev, R Churazov, E TI Can X-ray jets be Cosmic Beacons? SO LIGHTHOUSES OF THE UNIVERSE: THE MOST LUMINOUS CELESTIAL OBJECTS AND THEIR USE FOR COSMOLOGY SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference on Lighthouses of the Universe CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL GARCHING, GERMANY ID CHANDRA; PKS-0637-752 AB If X-rays observed from any extragalactic radio jets are due to inverse Compton scattering on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, then such a source will be detectable with the same surface brightness anywhere in the more distant universe. Chandra observations imply that such systems do exist, and will therefore serve as Cosmic Beacons out to the redshift at which they form. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schwartz, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43769-X J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2002 BP 538 EP 540 DI 10.1007/10856495_83 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV62R UT WOS:000179560500083 ER PT B AU Risaliti, G Elvis, M Gilli, R AF Risaliti, G Elvis, M Gilli, R BE Gilfanov, M Sunyaev, R Churazov, E TI The contribution of AGN to the Far Infrared Background SO LIGHTHOUSES OF THE UNIVERSE: THE MOST LUMINOUS CELESTIAL OBJECTS AND THEIR USE FOR COSMOLOGY SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference on Lighthouses of the Universe CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL GARCHING, GERMANY ID BLACK-HOLES AB We use synthesis models for the X-ray background, together with quasar Spectral Energy Distributions, to estimate the contribution of Active Galactic Nuclei to the Far Infrared Background and to the total luminosity of the Universe. We find that the AGN contribution to the energy output of the Universe is between 7% and 15%, and comparing this value with the mass of supermassive black holes, we find that the average efficiency of accretion in converting mass to energy must be at least 15%. The contribution of AGN to the overall FIR background is on average low, but it can be dominant at some wavelengths. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Risaliti, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43769-X J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2002 BP 597 EP 599 DI 10.1007/10856495_95 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV62R UT WOS:000179560500095 ER PT J AU Litchman, E Neale, PJ Banaszak, AT AF Litchman, E Neale, PJ Banaszak, AT TI Increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation in nitrogen-limited dinoflagellates: Photoprotection and repair SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIATOM PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM; B RADIATION; PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MARINE DIATOM; GYMNODINIUM-SANGUINEUM; UV-RADIATION; AMINO-ACIDS; INHIBITION; ORGANISMS; EXPOSURE AB Nitrogen (N) limitation significantly increased the sensitivity of photosynthesis to inhibition by ultraviolet radiation (UV) in two estuarine dinoflagellates. Akashiwo sanguinea (= Gymnodinium sanguineum) and Gymnodinium (= Gyrodinium) cf. instriatum. Biological weighting functions (BWFs) and the kinetics of photosynthetic response to UV indicated that the train mechanism for the increase in sensitivity was less efficient repair. A decrease in cell size and in the concentration of the photoprotective mycosporine-like amino acids also elevated sensitivity. The BWFs predict that increased UV-B due to ozone depletion would cause a more than 1.5-fold greater additional inhibition of N-limited compared to nutrient-sufficient dinoflagellates. The BWFs of the N-limited cultures are similar to those measured for natural assemblages of phytoplankton in the Chesapeake Bay under low N availability. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Litchman, E (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, IMCS, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012 NR 38 TC 134 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 86 EP 94 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 516AM UT WOS:000173529200009 ER PT S AU Bandler, SR Silver, EH Malone, D Schnopper, HW Murray, S Barbera, M Artale, M Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, E AF Bandler, SR Silver, EH Malone, D Schnopper, HW Murray, S Barbera, M Artale, M Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, E BE Porter, FS McCammon, D Galeazzi, M Stahle, CK TI A microcalorimeter spectrometer for the investigation of laboratory plasmas SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP NASA Gooddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV WISCONSIN ID ASTROPHYSICS AB We describe a cryostat and 2-stage ADR specifically designed for making measurements at the NIST EBIT (Electron Beam Ion Trap) facility. The design is compact and consists of a single helium bath with two vapor-cooled shields. The 2-stage ADR has two separate magnets and two heat switches. The interface between the EBIT and microcalorimeter array will also be described. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bandler, SR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0049-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 605 BP 417 EP 420 AR UNSP CP605 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU53Q UT WOS:000176260300095 ER PT S AU Silver, E Bandler, S Schnopper, H Murray, S Madden, N Landis, D Goulding, F Beeman, J Haller, EE Barbera, M AF Silver, E Bandler, S Schnopper, H Murray, S Madden, N Landis, D Goulding, F Beeman, J Haller, EE Barbera, M BE Porter, FS McCammon, D Galeazzi, M Stahle, CK TI X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy with NTD germanium-based microcalorimeters SO LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP NASA Gooddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV WISCONSIN AB We report on the performance of our NTD-Ge microcalorimeters. To date, the spectral resolution for x-ray and gamma-ray lines from radioactive sources and laboratory plasmas is 4.8 eV in the entire 1 - 6 keV band and 52 eV at 60 keV. Technical details responsible for this performance are presented as well as an innovative electro-thermal approach for enhancing count-rate capability. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Silver, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106 NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0049-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 605 BP 555 EP 558 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU53Q UT WOS:000176260300127 ER PT J AU Davis, JLD Levin, LA Walther, SM AF Davis, JLD Levin, LA Walther, SM TI Artificial armored shorelines: sites for open-coast species in a southern California bay SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE ROCKY SHORES; INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; RECRUITMENT; HABITAT; ASSEMBLAGES; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; SNAIL; FLOW AB Artificial hard substrates have been used to stabilize naturally soft bay shorelines for centuries. Despite the loss of over half of the natural shoreline in many bays, little attention has been paid to the communities inhabiting armored shorelines and to the ecological implications of armoring. The goal of the present study was to examine factors affecting spatial and temporal variation of intertidal, hard-substrate biota (emergent species and fishes), with emphases on the influence of exposure, distance from the open ocean, and similarity to open-coast, hard-substrate communities. We examined community composition at eight San Diego Bay (California, USA) sites (an exposed and a protected site at four bay locations) in June and November 2000 and two open-coast sites in August 2000. At all bay sites, the shore was armored with granite boulders, a form of shoreline stabilization referred to as "riprap." Community structure was more variable spatially than temporally on the scales we studied, affected more by distance from the bay mouth and exposure to wave energy than by differences between June and November. Exposed sites near the bay mouth were more similar to natural open-coast sites, sharing about 45% of their species, than protected sites and sites farther from the mouth, which shared as few as 8%. Species richness was generally higher in exposed than protected bay sites. Species tended to occur higher in the intertidal zone at exposed than protected sites, and higher in November, when sea level was higher, than in June. Such results will be useful to shoreline managers who examine the ecological implications of hardening long stretches of coastline and may suggest ways to incorporate artificial structures into ecosystems in a more meaningful way. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Davis, JLD (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. NR 34 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PY 2002 VL 140 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1262 DI 10.1007/s00227-002-0779-8 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 572TH UT WOS:000176790700018 ER PT J AU Bowen, WD Tully, D Boness, DJ Bulheier, BM Marshall, GJ AF Bowen, WD Tully, D Boness, DJ Bulheier, BM Marshall, GJ TI Prey-dependent foraging tactics and prey profitability in a marine mammal SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE foraging; tactics; prey profitability; pinniped; arbour seal ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; MALE HARBOR SEALS; PHOCA-VITULINA; DIVING BEHAVIOR; SIZE SELECTION; SABLE ISLAND; PREDATOR; HABITAT; LIONS; DIET AB Predators face decisions about which prey to include in their diet in order to maximize fitness. The foraging tactics used to capture prey and the resulting profitability of prey influence these decisions. We present the first evidence of prey-dependent foraging tactics and prey profitability in a free-ranging pinniped. We studied 39 adult male harbour seals Phoca vitulina at Sable Island, Nova Scotia using an animal-borne video system. Each male wore the camera system for 3 d during which 10 min video samples were recorded every 45 min from 06:00 h, resulting in approximately 3 h of videotape per male and a total of 1094 capture attempts of identified prey. Males foraged mainly on sand lance Ammodytes dubius and flounders (Pleuronectids), but salmonid and gadoid fishes were occasionally pursued. Foraging tactics differed among and within prey types based on differences in prey behaviour. Sand lance was both a cryptic prey, when in the bottom substrate, and a conspicuous schooling prey. Seal swimming speed, handling time and capture success differed between cryptic and conspicuous sand lance. The highest capture success and handling time was recorded for flounders. Estimated profitability, i.e. net energy intake per unit time, also differed with prey type and prey size. Our results suggest that diet selection may have important implications on the foraging energetics of pinnipeds. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Marine Fis Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Zool Res, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Natl Geog Televis, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Bowen, WD (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Marine Fis Div, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM bowend@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Bowen, William/D-2758-2012 NR 54 TC 119 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 35 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 244 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.3354/meps244235 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 635AH UT WOS:000180374300021 ER PT J AU Rohwer, F Seguritan, V Azam, F Knowlton, N AF Rohwer, F Seguritan, V Azam, F Knowlton, N TI Diversity and distribution of coral-associated bacteria SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE coral; bacteria; 16S rDNA; biodiversity ID FIXATION ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; STYLOPHORA-PISTILLATA; ZOOXANTHELLATE CORAL; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; REEF; COMMUNITIES; DISEASES AB Coral reefs are the most biodiverse of all marine ecosystems; however, very little is known about prokaryotic diversity in these systems. To address this issue, we sequenced over 1000 bacterial 16S rDNAs from 3 massive coral species (Montastraea franksi, Diploria strigosa, and Porites astreoides) in Panama and Bermuda. Analysis of only 14 coral samples yielded 430 distinct bacterial ribotypes. Statistical analyses suggest that additional sequencing would have resulted in a total of 6000 bacterial ribotypes. Half of the sequences shared <93 % identity to previously published 16S sequences, and therefore probably represent novel bacterial genera and species; this degree of novelty was substantially higher than that observed for other marine samples. Samples from the Panama corals were more diverse than those from Bermuda, paralleling diversity gradients seen in metazoans. The coral-bacteria associations were non-random. Different coral species had distinct bacterial communities, even when physically adjacent, while bacterial communities from the same coral species separated by time (similar to1 yr) or space (3000 km) were similar. Analysis of the branching coral Porites furcata showed that bacterial ribotypes can also be structured spatially within colonies. Therefore, corals and reefs represent landscapes of diverse, ecologically structured prokaryotic communities. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Computat Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Marine Biol Res, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Rohwer, F (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, LS317, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM forest@sunstroke.sdsu.edu RI Azam, Farooq/A-2306-2012 NR 71 TC 450 Z9 460 U1 16 U2 142 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 243 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.3354/meps243001 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 623DZ UT WOS:000179689200001 ER PT J AU Davis, JLD Levin, LA AF Davis, JLD Levin, LA TI Importance of pre-recruitment life-history stages to population dynamics of the woolly sculpin Clinocottus analis SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE population dynamics; population matrix models; elasticity analysis; decomposition analysis; intertidal zone; Clinocottus analis ID CORAL-REEF FISH; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; MORTALITY; CONSEQUENCES; LIMITATION; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; VARIABILITY AB The relative influence of pre- versus post-recruitment life-history events on population size has been the subject of much recent debate. In the marine realm, much work has focused on intertidal invertebrates and on tropical reef fishes, with mixed results. We addressed this problem for a temperate intertidal fish, Clinocottus analis. Our main goal was to determine which life-history stage was most responsible for temporal changes in population size from 1996 to 2000 at 2 sites in San Diego, California, both seasonally and during the 1997 to 1998 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. We approached the problem using cohort analysis and matrix population modeling. Recruitment pulses were evident in population size structure for up to a year, unobscured by post-recruitment mortality, which was not density-dependent, Recruitment was not correlated to spawning adult biomass of 3 mo earlier, suggesting that egg, larval, or early post-settlement processes during those 3 mo determined the magnitude of recruitment, and ultimately, population size. Stage-structured population projection matrices were constructed to compare population growth rates and sensitivities among seasons and between climate periods (El Nino and non-El Nino), Elasticity (prospective) and decomposition (retrospective) analyses of these matrices indicated that the vital rates to which population growth rate (lambda) was theoretically most sensitive were not necessarily those responsible for observed temporal differences in lambda. Although, was most sensitive to juvenile growth and adult survivorship, fertility (which in this model included fecundity and egg, larval, and early post-settlement survivorship), in addition to juvenile growth, drove observed seasonal differences in lambda C. andlis population size decreased during the 1997 to 1998 El Nino event due to a decrease in recruitment, a decrease in batch fecundity (hydrated eggs per female) and, at 1 site, changes in juvenile survivorship, Results of the study emphasize the power of early life-history events to structure C. analis populations on both seasonal and longer timescales. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Davis, JLD (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM janalddavis@yahoo.com NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 234 BP 229 EP 246 DI 10.3354/meps234229 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 568YB UT WOS:000176571500021 ER PT J AU Drake, LA Ruiz, GM Galil, BS Mullady, TL Friedman, DO Dobbs, FC AF Drake, LA Ruiz, GM Galil, BS Mullady, TL Friedman, DO Dobbs, FC TI Microbial ecology of ballast water during a transoceanic voyage and the effects of open-ocean exchange SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE bacteria; invasive species; management; non-indigenous species; non-native species; policy; virus ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; MARINE ORGANISMS; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; GREAT-LAKES; SHIPS; TRANSPORT; DISPERSAL; MOLLUSK; VIRUSES AB The only procedure used frequently to reduce the risk of invasion by ballast-mediated biota is open-ocean exchange of ballast water, a procedure in which vessels release coastal water and replace it with oceanic water. Limited information exists concerning the effects of transport upon the aquatic microbial community throughout transit and following open-ocean exchange, A transoceanic voyage aboard a commercial bulk carrier afforded us the opportunity to sample the microbial community in exchanged and unexchanged ballast-water holds during the journey from Hadera, Israel to Baltimore, USA. Five days following the exchange process, all microbial metrics tested (i.e. bacteria concentration, virus-like particle density, chl a and phaeopigment concentration, and microbial biomass) had decreased 1.6- to 34-fold from initial values, With respect to microbial measures, no significant differences existed between exchanged and unexchanged holds on Day 15, the final day of sampling. We stress that we quantified differences in total microorganism abundance and biomass, not species composition, and more research is necessary to determine the changes that nonindigenous microorganisms, including potential pathogens, may effect in receiving waters. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Natl Inst Oceanog, Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, IL-31080 Haifa, Israel. RP Drake, LA (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM ldrake@odu.edu OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X NR 42 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 233 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.3354/meps233013 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 563XL UT WOS:000176283200002 ER PT J AU Wilson, DT Meekan, MG AF Wilson, DT Meekan, MG TI Growth-related advantages for survival to the point of replenishment in the coral reef fish Stegastes partitus (Pomacentridae) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE coral reef fish; larval growth; otolith; survivorship; replenishment; environmental variables; water temperature; light traps ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; OTOLITH MICROSTRUCTURE; WALLEYE POLLOCK; LARVAL FISHES; DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES AB Records of age and growth stored within otoliths were used to compare early life history traits with patterns of light trap catches for the damselfish Stegastes partitus (Poey). Otoliths provided strong evidence that fast growing cohorts of S. partitus larvae had higher survivorship than slow growing cohorts. Average growth rates during the larval phase accounted for 83% of the variability in the magnitude of catches in light traps on a monthly basis. This result suggests that fast growing cohorts of larvae contribute more to the replenishment of benthic populations than slow growing cohorts of this species. Multiple regression identified water temperature, rainfall and wind component as important determinants of larval growth, age at capture and monthly catches of this species. These variables accounted for 7 to 36% of the variance in growth rates, while water temperature was moderately correlated (r(2) = 0.48) with catches. If such correlations between larval growth rates and replenishment are a general phenomenon, then this may provide a simple means of predicting year-class success in a range of reef fishes. C1 Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Marine Lab, APO, AA 34002 USA. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Dept Marine Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, POB 3730, Pago Pago, AS USA. EM dave_t_wilson@hotmail.com NR 86 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 231 BP 247 EP 260 DI 10.3354/meps231247 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 556QH UT WOS:000175860100022 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Wolcott, DL Wolcott, TG Hines, AH AF Kendall, MS Wolcott, DL Wolcott, TG Hines, AH TI Influence of male size and mating history on sperm content of ejaculates of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE blue crab; reproduction; male size; mating history; ejaculate contents ID CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; DUNGENESS CRABS; RATHBUN; MATURITY; MAJIDAE; INSEMINATION; COMPETITION; POPULATION AB Laboratory experiments were used to determine the influence of male Callinectes sapidus (Rathburn) size (larger vs smaller than the size limit of the hard crab fishery in Chesapeake Bay, which is 127 mm carapace width) and mating history (recently mated males with depleted seminal stores vs those with fully recovered resources) on number of sperm transferred to females. Females mated by males with fully recovered seminal resources received significantly more sperm than those mated with males that had mated once previously, regardless of male size. No significant difference was found between the number of sperm delivered by small and large males with similar mating history. The sperm content of ejaculates from these laboratory experiments was compared to sperm received by females collected in the field. Only 11% of field-collected females received an amount of sperm as large as that delivered by the fully recovered males in our laboratory experiments, Of the field collected females, 77% received much less sperm, similar to or below the number delivered by depleted males in our laboratory experiments. C1 NOAA, NOS Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), NOAA, NOS Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 230 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.3354/meps230235 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 551XE UT WOS:000175588600020 ER PT J AU Park, MG Cooney, SK Yih, W Coats, DW AF Park, MG Cooney, SK Yih, W Coats, DW TI Effects of two strains of the parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya on growth, photosynthesis, light absorption, and quantum yield of bloom-forming dinoflagellates SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE parasitism; photosynthesis; light absorption; quantum yield; Akashiwo sanguinea; Gymnodinium instriatum; red tide ID HETEROSIGMA-AKASHIWO RAPHIDOPHYCEAE; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; RED-TIDE; GYMNODINIUM-SANGUINEUM; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CARBON FIXATION; DUNALIELLA-TERTIOLECTA; SPECTRAL ABSORPTION; VIRAL MORTALITY; PHOTOSYSTEM-II AB Eukaryotic parasites are believed to play important roles in bloom dynamics of red-tide dinoflagellates; however, little is known about their impact on host physiology and behavior. To address those issues, we examined the influence of parasitic dinoflagelates, Amoebophrya spp,, on growth, photosynthesis, light absorption, and quantum yield of the bloom-forming dinoflagellates Akashiwo sanguinea and Gymnodinium instriatum. Parasites of the 2 host species differed in their site of infection, developing in the nucleus of A. sanguinea but in the cytoplasm of G. instriatum, and had divergent effects on host photophysiology. Neither host species appeared competent to reproduce once infected, as growth of fully infected populations was negligible and cell division of infected hosts was never observed. Uninfected populations of both host species exhibited strong diel periodicity in photosynthesis, with parasitized cultures showing distinctly different patterns. Infected A. sanguinea displayed little or no photosynthetic periodicity, whereas diel periodicity continued in parasitized G. instriatum but was less pronounced than that of uninfected host. Chlorophyll a (chl a) content of A. sanguinea declined steadily over the infection cycle, while per cell and per chl a photosynthetic rates decreased sharply until 16 h and then stabilized at similar to50 pgC cell(-1) h(-1) and similar to1 mgC (mg chl a)(-1) h(-1), respectively. By comparison, chl a content of infected G, instriatum was comparable with that of uninfected cells, with photosynthetic performance remaining high (similar to80 % of uninfected hosts) until very late in the infection cycle. Light absorption by hosts increased in the blue region and decreased in the red region of the spectrum during the infection cycle, consequently enhancing chl a specific absorption coefficients relative to uninfected cells by as much as 22 to 56 % for A. sanguinea and 59 % for G. instriatum, Furthermore, parasitism lowered maximum quantum yields in photosynthesis of both hosts by a factor of similar to2, particularly in late infection stages. The contrasting effects of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic strains of Amoebophrya on photosynthetic performances and photo physiological properties of host cells suggest that these parasites may exert somewhat different influences on primary production and microbial activities during epidemic outbreaks in natural systems. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Kunsan Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Kunsan 573701, South Korea. RP Park, MG (reprint author), Kunsan Natl Univ, Red Tide Res Ctr, Kunsan 573701, South Korea. EM myungpark@kunsan.ac.kr NR 83 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 227 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.3354/meps227281 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 533RZ UT WOS:000174545200025 ER PT B AU Green, PJ Aldcroft, TL Mathur, S Wilkes, BJ Elvis, M AF Green, PJ Aldcroft, TL Mathur, S Wilkes, BJ Elvis, M BE Crenshaw, DM Karemer, SB George, IM TI A Chandra snapshot survey of broad absorption line quasars SO MASS OUTFLOW IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mass Outflow in Active Galactic Nuclei: New Perspectives CY MAR 08-10, 2001 CL CATHOLIC UNIV AMER, WASHINGTON, D.C. HO CATHOLIC UNIV AMER ID SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; STELLAR OBJECTS; ASCA; POLARIZATION; SAMPLE; QSOS AB The profound soft X-ray silence of quasars that show broad absorption lines (BALs) in their optical/UV spectra has been reasonably attributed to large column densities of absorbing material intrinsic to the quasar. However, estimates of the absorbing column have been founded on many assumptions, the most important being that the strength and spectrum of the underlying X-ray emission is identical to that of the more typical non-BAL QSOs. Solid proof of both the existence of an absorber, and the presumed similarity of the underlying spectral energy distribution have been lacking, except by analogy to quasars with weaker optical/UV absorbers. From a Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) snapshot of 10 optically bright BAL QSOs, we show that the X-ray spectral energy distributions of typical high ionization BAL QSOs, both the underlying power-law slope and the X-ray to optical flux ratio, are affected by strong intrinsic absorption, and that their underlying X-ray emission is consistent with non-BAL QSOs. By contrast, removal of the best-fit absorption column detected in the high ionization BAL QSOs still leaves the 4 low-ionization BAL QSOs in our sample as unusually X-ray faint for their optical luminosities. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM green@cfa.harvard.edu; taldcroft@cfa.harvard.edu; elvis@cfa.harvard.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-095-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 255 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU68L UT WOS:000176705100004 ER PT B AU Aldcroft, TL Murray, SS Elvis, M AF Aldcroft, TL Murray, SS Elvis, M BE Crenshaw, DM Karemer, SB George, IM TI A Chandra observation of the red quasar 3C212 SO MASS OUTFLOW IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: NEW PERSPECTIVES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mass Outflow in Active Galactic Nuclei: New Perspectives CY MAR 08-10, 2001 CL CATHOLIC UNIV AMER, WASHINGTON, D.C. HO CATHOLIC UNIV AMER ID QSO AB The red, absorbed quasar 3C 212 was observed with ACIS-S3 on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO) for 19.5 ks, and similar to4000 counts were detected. The X-ray absorption in this object has previously been interpreted as a highly ionized warm absorber. Spectral fitting of the CXO data confirms that excess absorption over the Galactic value is required at very high confidence. The spectrum is well fit by a power law with Galactic absorption and a neutral absorbing column of 4.2 +/- 0.4 x 10(21) cm(-2) at the quasar redshift. Other non-powerlaw models give a poor fit to the data. The optical depth of an 0 VII absorbing edge at the quasar redshift is less than 0.9 at 90% confidence. This is marginally consistent with the value 3.9(-3.0)(+3.9) (1-alpha) found with ROSAT data, but the warm absorber interpretation in this object may need re-examination. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Aldcroft, TL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-095-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 255 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU68L UT WOS:000176705100007 ER PT B AU Risaliti, G Elvis, M Nicastro, F AF Risaliti, G Elvis, M Nicastro, F BE Crenshaw, DM Karemer, SB George, IM TI Ubiquitous column-density variability in Seyfert 2 galaxies SO MASS OUTFLOW IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mass Outflow in Active Galactic Nuclei: New Perspectives CY MAR 08-10, 2001 CL CATHOLIC UNIV AMER, WASHINGTON, D.C. HO CATHOLIC UNIV AMER ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; QUASARS; DUST; TORI AB We present a study of X-ray column density variability in Seyfert 2 galaxies. We show that variations in N-H are observed in almost all the objects with multiple hard X-ray observations. Variation timescales (as short as a few months in several cases) are not in agreement with the standard scenario of a parsec-scale toroidal absorber. We propose that the X-ray absorber in Seyfert galaxies is located much nearer to the center than previously assumed, on the Broad Line Region Scale. An extension of the model by Elvis (2000) can explain the observed variability. We also show preliminary results of NH variability search inside single X-ray observations, which suggest that variations can occour on timescales of a few X 104 S. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM grisaliti@cfa.harvard.edu; elvis@cfa.harvard.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-095-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 255 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU68L UT WOS:000176705100010 ER PT B AU Elvis, M AF Elvis, M BE Crenshaw, DM Karemer, SB George, IM TI Tests of a structure for quasars SO MASS OUTFLOW IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mass Outflow in Active Galactic Nuclei: New Perspectives CY MAR 08-10, 2001 CL CATHOLIC UNIV AMER, WASHINGTON, D.C. HO CATHOLIC UNIV AMER ID RAY; VARIABILITY; GALAXIES AB The model I recently proposed for the structure of quasars unifies all the emission, absorption, and reflection phenomenology of quasars and active galactic nuclei (AGN), and so is heavily overconstrained and readily tested. Here I concentrate on how the model has performed against tests since publication - with many of the tests being reported at this meeting. I then begin to explore how these and future tests can discriminate between this wind model and 3 well-defined alternatives. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM elvis@cfa.harvard.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-095-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 255 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU68L UT WOS:000176705100053 ER PT S AU Erhardt, D Cunningham, RH Rasanen, S AF Erhardt, D Cunningham, RH Rasanen, S BE Vandiver, PB Goodway, M Mass, JL TI Extraction of material from oil paints by solvents SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Drying oils used to formulate oil paints consist primarily of polyunsaturated triglycerides, along with smaller amounts of mono- and diglycerides, free fatty acids, and other compounds such as sterols. The drying of oils occurs through an oxidative crosslinking process that also produces smaller scission products such as short chain fatty acids and diacids. Compounds that are not attached to the crosslinked oil matrix include glycerin, the unreactive free saturated fatty acids and their glycerides, soaps of fatty acids produced by reaction with metal ions from the pigment, and scission products. As the oil ages, additional soluble material is produced by hydrolysis of glyceride esters. These relatively low molecular weight compounds can be extracted by exposure to solvents, as occurs during the cleaning of paintings. Excessive extraction of material can embrittle the paint film and affect the appearance of the paint. This paper examines the types and amounts of compounds extracted from oil paint films as a function of solvent, exposure time, pigment, and age of the paint. The results indicate that solvents vary more in the speed that they extract material than in their selectivity. The composition of the extracts is consistent with predictions based on the mechanisms of the drying and aging processes. These results confirm the importance of using the least polar solvent possible to clean paintings and to formulate varnishes. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Erhardt, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-648-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 712 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science GA BV74A UT WOS:000179917500006 ER PT S AU Henrickson, RC AF Henrickson, RC BE Vandiver, PB Goodway, M Mass, JL TI Investigating ceramic technology during archaeological field seasons SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Investigation of many aspects of ancient ceramic production technologies is feasible during an archaeological field season, and requires little equipment. Descriptive variables such as color, inclusions ('temper'), variable textures within the paste, surface finish, hardness, and decorative techniques and style provide technological as well as stylistic or typological data. Residual surface traces, the surfaces of breaks themselves, and their overall patterning relative to both the vessel shape and size provide forming and finishing data. Subsequent laboratory analysis of samples complements the field data. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Henrickson, RC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-648-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 712 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science GA BV74A UT WOS:000179917500025 ER PT S AU Henrickson, RC Vandiver, PB Blackman, MJ AF Henrickson, RC Vandiver, PB Blackman, MJ BE Vandiver, PB Goodway, M Mass, JL TI Lustrous black fine ware at Gordion, Turkey: A distinctive sintered slip technology SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Potters at ancient Gordion (Turkey) produced a distinctive fine ware with a black glossy finish during at least the period 700-500 BC. Visual examination suggested a sintered slip finish. Study using SEM, EDS, INAA, x-ray diffraction, and refining has confirmed this hypothesis. The technology was characterized by a relatively low firing temperature, large amounts of flux, a darkening wash added over the slip, and use of both calcareous and non-calcareous clays. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Henrickson, RC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-648-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 712 BP 391 EP 399 PG 9 WC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science GA BV74A UT WOS:000179917500042 ER PT S AU McCarthy, B Downie, C Mohanty, P AF McCarthy, B Downie, C Mohanty, P BE Vandiver, PB Goodway, M Mass, JL TI Early historic period ceramic smoking pipes from Budhigarh, in the Kalahandi district of Orissa, India. SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Among ceramics found at early historic sites in the Kalahandi district of India are a great variety of terracotta smoking pipes or hukka. The pipes are fashioned from fine, iron-rich clay with extensive surface decoration. Their intricacy makes them the most distinctive art form of the area. Found at the majority of sites in the region, they are of special interest, both due to the care used in their execution and as they predate the introduction of tobacco to the area, leaving the plant being smoked a question. To determine their method of manufacture, and investigate the possibility of local manufacture, an initial study was conducted of a small number of pipes from the site of Budhigarh. The pipes, along with clay from the site (used extensively by modem potters), were studied using x-ray radiography, petrography, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Arthur M Sackler Gallery, Freer Gallery Art, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McCarthy, B (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Arthur M Sackler Gallery, Freer Gallery Art, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-648-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 712 BP 401 EP 407 PG 7 WC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science GA BV74A UT WOS:000179917500043 ER PT S AU Beaubien, HF Kaplan, E Shah, M AF Beaubien, HF Kaplan, E Shah, M BE Vandiver, PB Goodway, M Mass, JL TI Textile-Clay Laminates: a new-found craft technology from ancient Mesoamerica SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Two Maya-period sites, Las Pacayas and Aguateca, have recently yielded fragments. composed of a previously unknown material -- a laminate formed from multiple layers of woven cloth and clay slip. On-site and laboratory conservation efforts enabled the Aguateca finds to be identified as ceremonial headdress elements. Materials analysis and replication experimentation have elucidated technological aspects of this medium, and demonstrate its suitability for fabricating elaborate, lightweight items such as these. C1 Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD USA. RP Beaubien, HF (reprint author), Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-648-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 712 BP 409 EP 419 PG 11 WC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science GA BV74A UT WOS:000179917500044 ER PT S AU Vandiver, PB Vasil'ev, SA AF Vandiver, PB Vasil'ev, SA BE Vandiver, PB Goodway, M Mass, JL TI A 16,000 year-old ceramic human-figurine from Maina, Russia SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The ceramic technology used to construct and fire an image of a human figurine excavated from a 16,000 year old layer at the archaeological site of Maina on the Yenesei River in southern Siberia is reconstructed using x-radiography, x-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy with simultaneous energy dispersive x-ray analysis, and electron beam microprobe analysis. Evidence is provided from the archaeological excavation as well as radiocarbon dating. Comparative studies of the clayey soils at the site add contextual and environmental evidence to establish this remarkable technology as having been carried out at the site using a local clay-loam resource. C1 Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Washington, DC USA. RP Vandiver, PB (reprint author), Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-648-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 712 BP 421 EP 431 PG 11 WC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science GA BV74A UT WOS:000179917500045 ER PT S AU Goodway, M AF Goodway, M BE Vandiver, PB Goodway, M Mass, JL TI Some metals of the last century SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The Twentieth Century can be looked back upon as a period in which a number of metal alloys unknown to previous centuries were introduced Some were alloys in unusual combinations of previously-used metals, but also elements little used earlier. Some of these alloys have already had their day and exist now only in museum collections, where they may also present problems of preservation. Many metals lost their traditional applications or added entirely new ones. Elements such as uranium and the semimetals that had been of interest only to the ceramist at the start of the century are now the bases of industries unforseen only a hundred years ago. From this it is concluded that predictions for the present century are uncertain. C1 Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Goodway, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-648-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 712 BP 503 EP 509 PG 7 WC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science GA BV74A UT WOS:000179917500053 ER PT S AU Vandiver, PB AF Vandiver, PB BE Vandiver, PB Goodway, M Mass, JL TI Recovering and re-discovering craft SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Many studies have shown that craft involves know-how, practice and problem solving that represents activities that can be recovered by study of various artifact assemblages and contexts within archaeological sites. The types of conclusions differ with nature of the research question, sample size and its variability, methods of study and organization of collecting in the field, as well as the results of areal study: ethnographic information, resource survey and landscape reconstruction. Questions generated through analysis of materials, processes and properties often generate questions that can only be answered by replicative experiments of all aspects of a chaine operatoire, only part of it or only those critical aspects about which questions remain. The integration of the laboratory/workshop results with the archaeological evidence, both objects and context, can lead to a re-discovery of craft. The conjectured details of materials composition and structure, sequence of processing, properties, performance or use essentially reverse engineer the typical way that modem materials research is conducted. This paper aims at developing a widening dialogue about craft know-how among materials scientists working in museums and artist-craftsmen. To learn about our history and the human condition is not just to analyze and preserve the objects and artifacts, but also to investigate and understand the knowledge and skills used to produce and use them - essentially this is the preservation of intangible cultural heritage and culture history. C1 Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Vandiver, PB (reprint author), Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-648-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 712 BP 535 EP 543 PG 9 WC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Archaeology; Art; Materials Science GA BV74A UT WOS:000179917500056 ER PT B AU Reid, JW Bayly, IAE Pesce, GL Rayner, NA Reddy, YR Rocha, CEF Suarez-Morales, E Ueda, H AF Reid, JW Bayly, IAE Pesce, GL Rayner, NA Reddy, YR Rocha, CEF Suarez-Morales, E Ueda, H BE EscobarBriones, E Alvarez, F TI Conservation of continental copepod crustaceans SO MODERN APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF CRUSTACEA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Summer Meeting of the Crustacea-Society CY JUN 26-30, 2000 CL PUERTO VALLARTA, MEXICO SP Inst Ciencias Mar Limnol, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Crustacean Soc ID DIAPTOMIDAE; MEXICO; GENUS; SOUTHEASTERN AB A discussion on the conservation problems of continental copepods from several parts of the world is presented, based on the experience of local experts. The status of some copepod species of concern for the IUCN Red List is evaluated. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Reid, JW (reprint author), 1100 Cherokee Court, Martinsville, VA 24112 USA. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47366-6 PY 2002 BP 253 EP 261 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BV90B UT WOS:000180345000037 ER PT B AU Luhman, KL AF Luhman, KL BE Grebel, EK Brandner, W TI The initial mass function of stars and brown dwarfs: A comparison among different galactic populations SO MODES OF STAR FORMATION AND THE ORIGIN OF FIELD POPULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modes of Star Formation and the Origin of Field Populations CY OCT 09-13, 2000 CL MAX-PLANCK INST ASTRON, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Max-Planck Soc HO MAX-PLANCK INST ASTRON ID MOLECULAR CLOUDS; YOUNG CLUSTERS; SPECTRUM; OBJECTS; TAURUS; IC-348 AB I present measurements of the initial mass function (IMF) complete to 0.01-0.02 Mcircle dot for the young clusters (0.5-2 Myr) of the Trapezium, IC 348, and Ophiuchus and the isolated star forming region of Taurus. The IMFs of the three young clusters, Taurus, young open clusters (less than or equal to 100 Myr), the field, the Galactic bulge, and globular clusters and mass functions of pre-stellar clumps are compared. I test the predictions of theories of the IMF against 1) the shape of the IMF in clusters, 2) the similarity of the IMFs among young clusters, 3) the distinct difference in the IMFs of isolated and clustered modes of star formation, and 4) the lowest mass observed to date for brown dwarfs. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Luhman, KL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-128-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 285 BP 74 EP 80 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW05L UT WOS:000180752500012 ER PT B AU Abel, T Bryan, GL Norman, ML AF Abel, T Bryan, GL Norman, ML BE Grebel, EK Brandner, W TI The initial mode of star formation SO MODES OF STAR FORMATION AND THE ORIGIN OF FIELD POPULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modes of Star Formation and the Origin of Field Populations CY OCT 09-13, 2000 CL MAX-PLANCK INST ASTRON, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Max-Planck Soc HO MAX-PLANCK INST ASTRON ID COSMOLOGICAL HYDRODYNAMICS; FRAGMENTATION; COLLAPSE; CLOUDS AB The formation mechanism of primordial molecular clouds and a primordial protostar is discussed. As dark matter dominated protogalactic halos assemble via hierarchical merging, primordial gas cools through ro-vibrational lines of hydrogen molecules and sinks to their cent The high redshift analog of a molecular cloud is formed. As the densest. est, central parts of the cold gas become gravitationally unstable a dense core of similar to100 M-circle dot undergoes rapid contraction. At densities n > 10(9) cm(-3) a protostellar core of 1 M-circle dot becomes fully molecular due to three-body molecular hydrogen formation and accretes from the similar to100 M-circle dot envelope. All these processes were simulated in self-consistent three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of the formation of the first star in the Universe. Length scales from a few kpc (similar to10(22) cm) to similar to100 solar radii (similar to10(12) cm) are followed while gravity, hydrodynamics, primordial gas chemistry and radiative processes are calculated accurately. We report on evidence for angular momentum "transport" via hydrodynamic turbulence. A single massive star is born at the center of the protogalaxy. We discuss the minimum mass of the star and briefly comment on the accretion of the first protostar and some notable differences to other modes of star formation. Resolving ten orders of magnitude in spatial scales and 20 orders of magnitude in density, these simulations are the highest dynamic range adaptive mesh refinement calculations to date. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Abel, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-128-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 285 BP 213 EP 222 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW05L UT WOS:000180752500031 ER PT J AU Gemmill, CEC Allan, GJ Wagner, WL Zimmer, EA AF Gemmill, CEC Allan, GJ Wagner, WL Zimmer, EA TI Evolution of insular Pacific Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae): Origin of the Hawaiian radiation SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCES; RATES; HETEROGENEITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; COMPOSITAE; ASTERACEAE; MADIINAE; SITES AB We investigated the origin of Hawaiian Pittosporum and their relationship to other South Pacific Pittosporum species using internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. We performed both maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses, which produced congruent results. Sequence divergence was 0.0% between Hawaiian members of Pittosporum. These taxa formed a strongly supported clade, suggesting a single colonization event followed by phyletic radiation. Sister to the Hawaiian clade were two South Pacific species, P. yunckeri from Tonga and P. rhytidocarpum from Fiji. This result presents convincing evidence for a South Pacific origin of Hawaiian Pittosporum. Our results also identify a monophyletic group comprising three species representing the Fijian Province and East Polynesia, two introductions onto New Caledonia, and at least one (but possibly two) introduction(s) onto New Zealand. Whether the New Zealand taxa form a monophyletic group is unclear from these data. Previous morphologically based hypotheses, however, suggest the presence of four different lineages occupying New Zealand. The nonmonophyly of the New Caledonian species was not surprising based on the extent of their morphological diversity. Although this latter result is not strongly supported, these species are morphologically complex and are currently the subject of taxonomic revision and molecular systematic analyses. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Lab Mol Systemat, Smithsonian Inst, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gemmill, CEC (reprint author), Univ Waikato, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Biodivers & Ecol Res, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand. RI Zimmer, Elizabeth/G-3890-2011 NR 43 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1006/mpev.2001.1019 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 514DW UT WOS:000173423800003 PM 11796027 ER PT B AU Cranmer, SR AF Cranmer, SR BE Martens, PCH Cauffman, DP TI Coronal holes and the solar wind SO MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF CORONAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS SE COSPAR COLLOQUIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Yohkoh 10th Anniversary Meeting on Multi-Wavelength Observations of Coronal Structure and Dynamics CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL KONA, HI SP Comm Space Res, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Montana State Univ Solar Phys Grp, Lockheed Solar & Astrophys Lab, Solar Phys Res Corp, Elsevier Sci ID REMOTE-SENSING MEASUREMENTS; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; HEATING MECHANISMS; POLAR PLUMES; IN-SITU; TRANSITION REGION; FREQUENCY WAVES AB Coronal holes are the darkest regions of the ultraviolet and X-ray Sun, both on the disk and above the limb. Coronal holes are associated with rapidly expanding open magnetic fields and the acceleration of the high-speed solar wind. This paper reviews measurements of the plasma properties of coronal holes and how these measurements have been used to put constraints on theoretical models of coronal heating and solar wind acceleration. Heat deposition at the dense and collisional coronal base is of comparable importance (in determining, e.g., temperature gradients and asymptotic outflow speeds) as extended heating in the collisionless regions above 2 solar radii. Thus, a complete understanding of the physics requires both observations of the solar disk and inner corona (Yohkoh, EIT, CDS, SUMER) and coronagraphic observations of the wind's acceleration region (UVCS, LASCO). Although strong evidence has been found to suggest that the high-speed wind is driven mainly by proton pressure, the differences between proton, electron, and heavy ion velocity distributions are extremely valuable as probes of the dominant physical processes. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cranmer, SR (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 85 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-044060-6 J9 COSPAR COLL PY 2002 VL 13 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV60A UT WOS:000179468700002 ER PT B AU Dobrzycka, D Raymond, JC Cranmer, SR Li, J AF Dobrzycka, D Raymond, JC Cranmer, SR Li, J BE Martens, PCH Cauffman, DP TI UV and soft X-ray polar coronal jets SO MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF CORONAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS SE COSPAR COLLOQUIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Yohkoh 10th Anniversary Meeting on Multi-Wavelength Observations of Coronal Structure and Dynamics CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL KONA, HI SP Comm Space Res, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Montana State Univ Solar Phys Grp, Lockheed Solar & Astrophys Lab, Solar Phys Res Corp, Elsevier Sci AB We present results of simultaneous SXT and UVCS observations of jets from polar coronal holes. Although we did not identify the UV counterparts of the X-ray jets, on one occasion UVCS recorded H I Lyalpha profile variations consistent with a UV jet at the position of the X-ray jet but prior to that event. We discuss the possible relation between the UV and X-ray events and consider the magnetic reconnection models developed for X-ray jets, as a model for UV jet formation. The rough estimates of the total energies of the X-ray and UV jets show the energies to be comparable. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dobrzycka, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-044060-6 J9 COSPAR COLL PY 2002 VL 13 BP 23 EP 24 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV60A UT WOS:000179468700005 ER PT B AU Ko, YK Raymond, JC Li, J Ciaravella, A Michels, J Fineschi, S Wu, R AF Ko, YK Raymond, JC Li, J Ciaravella, A Michels, J Fineschi, S Wu, R BE Martens, PCH Cauffman, DP TI A high temperature corona above an active region complex SO MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF CORONAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS SE COSPAR COLLOQUIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Yohkoh 10th Anniversary Meeting on Multi-Wavelength Observations of Coronal Structure and Dynamics CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL KONA, HI SP Comm Space Res, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Montana State Univ Solar Phys Grp, Lockheed Solar & Astrophys Lab, Solar Phys Res Corp, Elsevier Sci ID SLOW SOLAR-WIND; STREAMERS AB We present the results of SOHO/UVCS and Yohkoh/SXT observations above an active region complex (AR8194/8195/8198) at the southeast limb on April 6-7, 1998. The electron temperature analysis indicates a two-temperature structure, one with similar to 1.5 x 10(6) K which is similar to that observed in quiet Sun streamers, the other with a high temperature similar to 3.0 x 10(6) K. We compare the electron temperature and emission measure from the SOHO/UVCS data with those from the Yohkoh/SXT data. The absolute elemental abundances show a general first ionization potential effect (FIP effect) and decrease with height for all the elements. We discuss mechanisms that may explain the observed abundances. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ko, YK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-044060-6 J9 COSPAR COLL PY 2002 VL 13 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV60A UT WOS:000179468700015 ER PT B AU Warren, HP AF Warren, HP BE Martens, PCH Cauffman, DP TI Observations of pre-flare activity with TRACE and Yohkoh SO MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF CORONAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS SE COSPAR COLLOQUIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Yohkoh 10th Anniversary Meeting on Multi-Wavelength Observations of Coronal Structure and Dynamics CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL KONA, HI SP Comm Space Res, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Montana State Univ Solar Phys Grp, Lockheed Solar & Astrophys Lab, Solar Phys Res Corp, Elsevier Sci ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; X-RAY-EMISSION; SOLAR-FLARES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EIT CRINKLES; EVOLUTION; ERUPTION; MODEL; PROMINENCES; ONSET AB Many theories and observations appear to indicate that a simple bipolar structure with strong shearing along the neutral line can produce a coronal mass ejection (i.e. "tether cutting"). The "breakout reconnection" model, in contrast, states that multi-polar magnetic fields axe necessary for a CME. Here I briefly review TRACE and Yohkoh observations related to these two competing views on the amount of magnetic complexity needed for a coronal mass ejection. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS 58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-044060-6 J9 COSPAR COLL PY 2002 VL 13 BP 239 EP 248 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV60A UT WOS:000179468700059 ER PT B AU Reeves, KK Warren, HP AF Reeves, KK Warren, HP BE Martens, PCH Cauffman, DP TI Early results from a multi-thermal model for the cooling of post-flare loops SO MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF CORONAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS SE COSPAR COLLOQUIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Yohkoh 10th Anniversary Meeting on Multi-Wavelength Observations of Coronal Structure and Dynamics CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL KONA, HI SP Comm Space Res, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Montana State Univ Solar Phys Grp, Lockheed Solar & Astrophys Lab, Solar Phys Res Corp, Elsevier Sci ID PLASMAS AB We have developed a multi-thermal model for the cooling of post-flare loops. Our model consists of many nested loops that form and cool at offset times to simulate a rising reconnection site. Cooling due to both conductive and radiative processes is taken into account. The free parameters in the model include the initial temperature and density in the loops. The loop width and the initial loop length are constrained by the data. The results from the model axe compared to observations from the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer and the Soft X-ray Telescope on Yohkoh. The many-loop model predicts the observed light curves more accurately than a similar model with a single loop. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reeves, KK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; OI Reeves, Katharine/0000-0002-6903-6832 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-044060-6 J9 COSPAR COLL PY 2002 VL 13 BP 275 EP 278 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV60A UT WOS:000179468700065 ER PT B AU Virani, SN Cameron, RA Plucinsky, PP Mueller-Mellin, R O'Dell, SL AF Virani, SN Cameron, RA Plucinsky, PP Mueller-Mellin, R O'Dell, SL BE Martens, PCH Cauffman, DP TI Monitoring the Chandra X-ray observatory radiation environment: Correlations between goes-8 and Chandra/ephin during DOY 89-106, 2001 SO MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF CORONAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS SE COSPAR COLLOQUIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Yohkoh 10th Anniversary Meeting on Multi-Wavelength Observations of Coronal Structure and Dynamics CY JAN 20-24, 2002 CL KONA, HI SP Comm Space Res, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Montana State Univ Solar Phys Grp, Lockheed Solar & Astrophys Lab, Solar Phys Res Corp, Elsevier Sci C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Virani, SN (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI O'Dell, Stephen/0000-0002-1868-8056 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-044060-6 J9 COSPAR COLL PY 2002 VL 13 BP 411 EP 412 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV60A UT WOS:000179468700106 ER PT B AU Slane, P AF Slane, P BE Slane, PO Gaensler, BM TI X-ray studies of compact sources in plerions SO NEUTRON STARS IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Stars in Supernova Remnants CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP NASA, NSF, MIT Ctr Space Res, Chandra X ray Ctr ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT; CRAB-NEBULA; PULSARS; MODEL; 3C-58; WIND AB While the Crab Pulsar and its nebula have long been viewed as the canonical example of a young NS feeding a synchrotron nebula through a pulsar-induced wind, considerable variety exists among the cousins of this well-studied system. However, recent high resolution Xray observations have begun to reveal some of the common traits in this family, including new evidence of jets, pulsar wind termination shocks, and rapid pulsations. Here I review recent Chandra observations of several plerionic and composite supernova remnants (SNRs), and discuss the physical characteristics which are being probed on angular scales ranging from the sub-arcsecond to the several arcmin realm. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Slane, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-111-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 271 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV48G UT WOS:000179110700029 ER PT B AU Seward, FD AF Seward, FD BE Slane, PO Gaensler, BM TI Low-mass neutron stars as anomalous pulsars SO NEUTRON STARS IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Stars in Supernova Remnants CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP NASA, NSF, MIT Ctr Space Res, Chandra X ray Ctr ID EQUATION; STATE AB A neutron star with mass close to the lower limit might be a reasonable model for some anomalous pulsars. Emission is thermal. X-ray luminosity is high. Spatial velocity can be high. Since the radius is predicted to be large, the magnetic field calculated for spin-down is lower than that required by the magnetar model. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Seward, FD (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Gdn St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-111-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 271 BP 270 EP 273 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV48G UT WOS:000179110700051 ER PT B AU Lloyd, DA Hernquist, L Heyl, JS AF Lloyd, DA Hernquist, L Heyl, JS BE Slane, PO Gaensler, BM TI Temperature discrepancies from fits to thermal spectra of neutron stars SO NEUTRON STARS IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Stars in Supernova Remnants CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP NASA, NSF, MIT Ctr Space Res, Chandra X ray Ctr AB Thermal X-ray emission from several manifestations of neutron stars (NSs) has been observed since the late 1970s. These spectra can provide clues toward the properties of the stellar surface which axe inaccessible from studies of the synchrotron radiation generated in the NS environment. Interpretation of this thermal emission will, in general, require detailed model atmosphere calculations. Although tabulations of such models have become more readily available, blackbody fits to these spectra remain the norm. We discuss the discrepancies associated with blackbody fits to thermal NS spectra, and consequences for optical magnitude estimates. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lloyd, DA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-111-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 271 BP 323 EP 326 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV48G UT WOS:000179110700064 ER PT B AU Grindlay, JE Heinke, CO Edmonds, PD Camilo, F AF Grindlay, JE Heinke, CO Edmonds, PD Camilo, F BE Slane, PO Gaensler, BM TI Chandra on millisecond pulsars in globular clusters SO NEUTRON STARS IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Stars in Supernova Remnants CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP NASA, NSF, MIT Ctr Space Res, Chandra X ray Ctr ID X-RAY-EMISSION; NEUTRON-STARS; 47 TUCANAE; COMPANION; ROTATION; NGC-6397; MODEL AB We summarize the X-ray properties of the complete samples of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) detected in our Chandra observations of the globular clusters 47 Tuc and NGC 6397. The 47 Tuc MSPs are predominantly soft sources suggestive of thermal emission from the neutron star polar cap and have X-ray luminosities in a surprisingly narrow range (L-x similar to1-4 X 10(30) erg s(-1)). The single MSP in NGC 6397 is both hard and apparently extended, probably due to shocked hot gas evaporating from its main sequence companion. In contrast to MSPs in the field and the cluster M28, which show correlation between X-ray luminosity and spin-down luminosity L-x alpha E-beta with beta similar to1 - 1.4, the 47 Tuc (and NGC 6397) sample display a relatively tight correlation with beta = 0.5 +/- 0.15. The correlations of L-x vs. P/2P and light cylinder magnetic field values are also different. It is possible the magnetic field configuration has been altered (by episodic accretion) for old MSPs in dense cluster cores. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grindlay, JE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-111-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 271 BP 343 EP 348 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV48G UT WOS:000179110700068 ER PT B AU Heinke, CO Grindlay, JE Lloyd, DA Edmonds, PD AF Heinke, CO Grindlay, JE Lloyd, DA Edmonds, PD BE Slane, PO Gaensler, BM TI Variability and spectra of two neutron stars in 47 Tucanae SO NEUTRON STARS IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Stars in Supernova Remnants CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP NASA, NSF, MIT Ctr Space Res, Chandra X ray Ctr ID X-RAY TRANSIENTS; MODEL; ATMOSPHERES; QUIESCENCE AB We report spectral and variability analysis of two quiescent low mass X-ray binaries (previously identified with ROSAT HRI as X5 and X7) in the globular cluster 47 Tuc, from a Chandra ACIS-I observation. X5 demonstrates sharp eclipses with an 8.666 +/- 0.008 hr period, as well as dips showing an increased NH column. Their thermal spectra are well-modeled by unmagnetized hydrogen atmospheres of hot neutron stars, most likely heated by transient accretion, with little to no hard power law component. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Heinke, CO (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-111-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 271 BP 349 EP 352 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV48G UT WOS:000179110700069 ER PT B AU Plucinsky, PP Smith, RK Edgar, RJ Gaetz, TJ Slane, PO Blair, WP Townsley, LK Broos, PS AF Plucinsky, PP Smith, RK Edgar, RJ Gaetz, TJ Slane, PO Blair, WP Townsley, LK Broos, PS BE Slane, PO Gaensler, BM TI Chanda observations of the eastern limb of the Vela supernova remnant SO NEUTRON STARS IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Stars in Supernova Remnants CY AUG 14-17, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP NASA, NSF, MIT Ctr Space Res, Chandra X ray Ctr ID SHRAPNEL AB We present results from two Chandra ACIS observations of the so-called Vela "Bullet D" region on the eastern limb of the Vela supernova remnant. The Bullet D region is a bright X-ray feature, identified by Aschenbach et al. (1995) from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey, which protrudes beyond the blast wave on the eastern side of the remnant. It has been suggested that this feature is a fragment of supernova ejecta which is just now pushing beyond the position of the main blast wave. An alternate explanation is that the feature is a "break-out" of the shock in which inhomogeneities in the ambient medium cause the shock to be non-spherical. The Chandra image shows a fragmented, filamentary morphology within this region. The Chandra spectra show strong emission lines of O, Ne and Mg. Equilibrium ionization models indicate that the 0 and Ne abundances are significantly enhanced compared to solar values. However, non-equilibrium ionization models can fit the data with solar 0 abundances and Ne abundances enhanced by only a factor of two. The Chandra data axe more consistent with the shock breakout hypothesis, although they cannot exclude the fragment of ejecta hypothesis. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Plucinsky, PP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-70, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-111-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 271 BP 407 EP 410 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV48G UT WOS:000179110700083 ER PT J AU Hofmann, KH Beckmann, U Blocker, T du Foresto, VC Lacasse, M Mennesson, B Millan-Gabet, R Morel, S Perrin, G Pras, B Ruilier, C Schertl, D Scholler, M Scholz, M Shenavrin, V Traub, W Weigelt, G Wittkowski, M Yudin, B AF Hofmann, KH Beckmann, U Blocker, T du Foresto, VC Lacasse, M Mennesson, B Millan-Gabet, R Morel, S Perrin, G Pras, B Ruilier, C Schertl, D Scholler, M Scholz, M Shenavrin, V Traub, W Weigelt, G Wittkowski, M Yudin, B TI Observations of Mira stars with the IOTA/FLUOR interferometer and comparison with Mira star models SO NEW ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : interferometers; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : late-type; stars : variables; stars : individual : X Oph; stars : individual : R Aql; stars : individual : RU Her; stars : individual : R Ser; stars : individual : VCrB ID SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; IOTA INTERFEROMETER; GIANTS; RADII; SUPERGIANTS; EXTENSION; VARIABLES; SPECTRA AB We present K'-band observations of five Mira stars with the IOTA interferometer. The interferograms were obtained with the FLUOR fiber optics beam combiner, which provides high-accuracy visibility measurements in spite of time-variable atmospheric conditions. For the M-type Miras X Oph, R Aql, RU Her, R Ser, and the C-type Mira V CrB we derived the uniform-disk diameters 11.7 mas, 10.9 mas, 8.4 mas, 8.1 mas, and 7.9 mas (+/-0.3 mas), respectively. Simultaneous photometric observations yielded the bolometric fluxes. The derived angular Rosseland radii and the bolometric fluxes allowed the determination of effective temperatures. For instance, the effective temperature of R Aql was determined to be 2970 +/- 110 K. A linear Rosseland radius for R Aql of 250(-60)(+100) R-. was derived from the angular Rosseland radius of 5.5 +/- 0.2 mas and the HIPPARCOS parallax of 4.73 +/- 1.19 mas. The observations were compared with theoretical Mira star models of Bessel et al. [A&A 307 (1996) 481] and Hofmann et al. [A&A 339 (1998) 846]. The effective temperatures of the M-type Miras and the linear radius of R Aql indicate fundamental mode pulsation. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Astrophys, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Chatterton Dept Astron, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119899, Russia. ESO Garching, Munich, Germany. RP Hofmann, KH (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM khh@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; ub@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; bloecker@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; vincent.foresto@obspm.fr; mlacasse@cfs.harvard.edu; bertrand@bluenote.obspm.fr; rmillan-gabet@cfa.harvard.edu; morel@noao.edu; guy.perrin@obspm.fr; pras@iota0.sao.arizona.edu; cyril.ruilier@obspm.fr; ds@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; mschoell@eso.org; scholz@ITA.UNI-HEIDELBERG.DE; shenavr@sai.crimea.ua; wtraub@firs2.harvard.edu; weigelt@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; mwittkow@eso.org; yudin@sai.msu.su NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-1076 J9 NEW ASTRON JI New Astron. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S1384-1076(01)00085-9 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 496QA UT WOS:000172406400002 ER PT B AU Kurucz, RL AF Kurucz, RL BE Chavez, M Bressan, A Buzzoni, A Mayya, D TI A few things we do not know about stars and model atmospheres SO NEW QUESTS IN STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS: THE LINK BETWEEN STARS AND COSMOLOGY SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Link Between Stars and Cosmology CY MAR 26-30, 2001 CL PUERTO VALLARTA, MEXICO SP INAOE, CONACyT ID CO-I; ABUNDANCE; SPECTRUM; IRON AB We list a few things that we do not understand about stars and that most people ignore. These are all hard problems. We can learn more cosmology by working on them to reduce the systematic errors they introduce than by trying to derive cosmological results that are highly uncertain. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kurucz, RL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0644-6 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2002 VL 274 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV44E UT WOS:000178976600001 ER PT B AU Croft, RAC Springel, V Hernquist, L White, M AF Croft, RAC Springel, V Hernquist, L White, M BE Chavez, M Bressan, A Buzzoni, A Mayya, D TI High redshift galaxies and the intergalactic medium SO NEW QUESTS IN STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS: THE LINK BETWEEN STARS AND COSMOLOGY SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Link Between Stars and Cosmology CY MAR 26-30, 2001 CL PUERTO VALLARTA, MEXICO SP INAOE, CONACyT AB We present results from a high resolution cosmological simulation of galaxy formation in a cold dark matter universe, focusing on a redshift of 3. At this early time, star formation (which we follow using a multiphase prescription for the ISM) is occurring vigorously, but most of the baryons in the universe are still diffuse, and have yet to form into galaxies. Absorption lines due to neutral hydrogen in the spectra of nearby quasars provide a useful way to probe physical conditions in the gas around the galaxies. We make simulated spectra, compare them with observational data, and draw some conclusions about the relationship between galaxies, star formation, and the IGM. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Croft, RAC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0644-6 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2002 VL 274 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV44E UT WOS:000178976600047 ER PT S AU Melnick, GJ AF Melnick, GJ BE Szczerba, R TI The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite: Instrument & mission description SO NEW RESULTS IN FAR IR AND SUB-MM ASTRONOMY SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1 4 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP European Space Agcy, Int Astron Union, SPIE, Comm Space Res AB The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS), launched in December 1998, is a NASA mission dedicated to the study of star formation through direct measurements of: (1) molecular cloud composition and chemistry; (2) the cooling mechanisms that facilitate cloud collapse; and, (3) the large-scale structure of the UV-illuminated cloud surfaces. To achieve these goals, SWAS is conducting pointed observations of dense (n(H-2)> 10(3) cm(-3)) molecular clouds throughout our Galaxy in either the ground-state of a low-lying transition of five astrophysically important species: H2O, (H2O)-O-18, O-2, CI and (CO)-C-13. By observing these lines SWAS is: (1) testing long-standing theories that predict that these species are the dominant coolants of molecular clouds during the early stages of their collapse to form stars and planets; and (2) supplying previously missing information about the abundance of key species central to the chemical models of dense interstellar gas. SWAS carries two independent Schottky barrier diode mixers - passively cooled to similar to 175 K - coupled to a 54 x 68-cm off-axis Cassegrain antenna. During its baseline three-year mission, SWAS is observing giant and dark cloud cores with the objective of detecting or setting a 3sigma upper limit on the water and molecular oxygen abundance of 3 x 10(-6) (relative to H-2)- In addition, advantage is being taken of SWAS's relatively large beamsize of 3.3 x 4.5 arcminutes at 553 GHz and 3.5 x 5.0 arcminutes at 490 GHz to obtain large-area (similar to1degrees x 1degrees) maps of giant and dark clouds in the (CO)-C-13 and CI lines. With the use of a 1.4 GHz bandwidth acousto-optical spectrometer, SWAS has the ability to simultaneously observe either the H2O, O-2, CI, and (CO)-C-13 lines or the (H2O)-O-18, O-2, and CI lines with a velocity resolution similar or equal to 1 km s(-1). (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Melnick, GJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Mail Stop 66,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2051 EP 2057 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00586-0 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00586-0 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV98P UT WOS:000180590800012 ER PT S AU Plume, R Melnick, G Howe, J Bensch, F AF Plume, R Melnick, G Howe, J Bensch, F BE Szczerba, R TI The large-scale structure of giant molecular clouds: SWAS observations of [C I]P-3(1)-> P-3(0) and (CO)-C-13 J=5 -> 4 emission SO NEW RESULTS IN FAR IR AND SUB-MM ASTRONOMY SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1 4 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP European Space Agcy, Int Astron Union, SPIE, Comm Space Res ID C-I EMISSION; ORION-A; ATOMIC CARBON; WARM GAS; M17 SW; SUBMILLIMETER; PHOTODISSOCIATION; DENSITY; CORES; LINE AB The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS) is a NASA Small Explorer class mission designed to search for H2O and O-2 emission in molecular clouds, and to investigate the large-scale structure of these clouds via mapping of the P-3(1) --> P-3(0) transition of neutral atomic carbon (C I) and the J = 5 --> 4 transition of (CO)-C-13. In this paper we will demonstrate the superb ability of SWAS to obtain maps of the physical conditions (i.e. density and temperature) in molecular clouds over scales much larger than have been previously possible. We will also show how, over large scales, the [C I] emission is consistent with that predicted by models of Photodissociation Regions (PDRs). Finally, we will briefly describe how the low-resolution [C I] observations can be used to infer clump sizes, even when the clumps are smaller than the beam. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys, Cologne, Germany. RP Plume, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2059 EP 2070 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00588-4 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00588-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV98P UT WOS:000180590800013 ER PT S AU Pearlman, MR Degnan, JJ Bosworth, JM AF Pearlman, MR Degnan, JJ Bosworth, JM BE Drewes, H Dow, JM TI The international laser ranging service SO NEW TRENDS IN SPACE GEODESY SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT B2 1-PSD1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission B held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Agenzia Spatiale Italiana, CNES, European Space Agcy, Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geodesy AB The International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) was established in September 1998 to support programs in geodetic, geophysical, and lunar research activities and to provide the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) with products important to the maintenance of an accurate International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). Now in operation for nearly two years, the ILRS develops (1) the standards and specifications necessary for product consistency, and (2) the priorities and tracking strategies required to maximize network efficiency. The Service collects, merges, analyzes, archives and distributes satellite and lunar laser ranging data to satisfy a variety of scientific, engineering, and operational needs and encourages the application of new technologies to enhance the quality, quantity, and cost effectiveness of its data products. The ILRS works with (1) new satellite missions in the design and building of retroreflector targets to maximize data quality and quantity, and (2) science programs to optimize scientific data yield. The ILRS is organized into permanent components: (1) a Governing Board, (2) a Central Bureau, (3) Tracking Stations and Subnetworks, (4) Operations Centers, (5) Global and Regional Data Centers, and (6) Analysis, Lunar Analysis, and Associate Analysis Centers. The Governing Board, with broad representation from the international Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) community, provides overall guidance and defines service policies, while the Central Bureau oversees and coordinates the daily service activities, maintains scientific and technological data bases, and facilitates communications. Active Working Groups in (1) Missions, (2) Networks and Engineering, (3) Data Formats and Procedures, (4) Analysis, and (5) Signal Processing provide key operational and technical expertise to better exploit current capabilities and to challenge the ILRS participants to keep pace with evolving user needs. The ILRS currently includes more than 40 SLR stations, routinely tracking about 20 retroreflector-equipped satellites and,the Moon in support of user needs. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Pearlman, MR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 335 Z9 346 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00277-6 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV11T UT WOS:000177857000002 ER PT B AU Huchra, JP AF Huchra, JP BE Brown, MJI Dey, A TI The numbers game SO NEXT GENERATION WIDE-FIELD MULTI-OBJECT SPECTROSCOPY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Next Generation Wide-Field Multi-Object Spectroscopy CY OCT 11-12, 2001 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV, TUCSON, AZ HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV ID REDSHIFT SURVEY; GALAXIES; CLUSTER; CATALOG AB The science to be done with wide-field spectroscopy covers a large number of subfields often with,distinct scientific and technical requirements. We review some of those classes of requirements, including some as yet undiscussed or more speculative science programs. The drivers for building a new, specialized spectroscopic telescope depend on those technical requirements, on the criticality of the science and on other existing and planned facilities that might be capable of doing much of the science without new construction. Its also wise to consider that one person's wide-field might be another's postage stamp! Given the plethora of new 8-m class telescopes with moderately wide fields, the need for a specialized 8-m spectroscopic telescope is not clear. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Huchra, JP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-123-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 280 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Spectroscopy GA BW23L UT WOS:000181290900003 ER PT B AU Brown, WR AF Brown, WR BE Brown, MJI Dey, A TI Studying Wolf-Rayet galaxies with-integral field units SO NEXT GENERATION WIDE-FIELD MULTI-OBJECT SPECTROSCOPY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Next Generation Wide-Field Multi-Object Spectroscopy CY OCT 11-12, 2001 CL NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV, TUCSON, AZ HO NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV AB We propose to study starburst Wolf-Rayet galaxies and better understand the star formation history of the Universe. High signal-to-noise ratio integral field spectroscopy is ideal to study the spatial and spectral characteristics of these galaxies. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brown, WR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-123-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 280 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Spectroscopy GA BW23L UT WOS:000181290900008 ER PT S AU Rots, AH Winkelman, SL Paltani, S DeLuca, EE AF Rots, AH Winkelman, SL Paltani, S DeLuca, EE BE Quinn, PJ TI Chandra data archive operations SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS TO OPTIMIZE SCIENTIFIC RETURN III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Observatory Operations to Optimize Scientific Return CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE data archive; data processing; data distribution; observatory operations; X-ray AB The Chandra Data Archive plays a central role in the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) that manages the operations of the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We shall give an overview of two salient aspects of the CDA's operations, as they are pertinent to the operation of any large observatory. First, in the database design it was decided to have a single observation catalog database that controls the entire life cycle of Chandra observations (as opposed to separate databases for uplink and downlink, as is common for many scientific space missions). We will discuss the pros and cons of this design choice and present some lessons learnt. Second, we shall review the complicated network that consists of Automated (pipeline) Processing, archive ingest, Verification & Validation, reprocessing, data distribution, and public release of observations. The CXC is required to deliver high-level products to its users. This is achieved through a sophisticated system of processing pipelines. However, occasional failures as well as the need to reprocess observations complicate this seemingly simple series of actions. In addition, we need to keep track of allotted and used observing time and of proprietary periods. Central to the solution is the Processing Status Database which is described in more detail in a related poster presentation. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rots, AH (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013 OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4623-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4844 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1117/12.460662 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW25B UT WOS:000181335200020 ER PT S AU DePasquale, JM Virani, SN Plucinsky, PP AF DePasquale, JM Virani, SN Plucinsky, PP BE Quinn, PJ TI Optimizing the efficiency of command load inspection for the advanced CCD imaging spectrometer (ACIS) on the Chandra X-ray telescope SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS TO OPTIMIZE SCIENTIFIC RETURN III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Observatory Operations to Optimize Scientific Return CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE Chandra x-ray Observatory; ACIS; Chandra command loads AB The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), launched in July of 1999, contains two focal-plane imaging detectors and two gratings spectrometers. Keeping these instruments operating at an optimal performance level is the responsibility of the Chandra X-ray Center, operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, MA. Each week a new set of command loads is generated to be uploaded to the spacecraft for use in the following week. The command loads contain all of the necessary instructions for the observatory to execute a week's worth of science observations and spacecraft maintenance activities. Ensuring that these loads do not compromise the performance of the observatory or its health and safety in any way is a complex procedure. It requires a coordinated review and subsequent approval of the loads from a team of scientists and engineers representing each instrument on the spacecraft. Reviewing the command loads can be quite a daunting task; but with the help of automated scripts and command load interpretation into "human-readable" form, we have been able to streamline the command load review process as well as improve our ability to identify errors in commanding. We present here a detailed review of those scripts utilized in the inspection of command loads for the ACIS instrument. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP DePasquale, JM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4623-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4844 BP 454 EP 463 DI 10.1117/12.460673 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW25B UT WOS:000181335200050 ER PT S AU Virani, SN Ford, PG DePasquale, JM Plucinsky, PP AF Virani, SN Ford, PG DePasquale, JM Plucinsky, PP BE Quinn, PJ TI Monitoring the health and safety of the ACIS instrument on-board the Chandra X-ray Observatory SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS TO OPTIMIZE SCIENTIFIC RETURN III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Observatory Operations to Optimize Scientific Return CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE Chandra; space missions; ACIS; operations; health and safety; automated monitoring ID AXAF AB The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), NASA's latest "Great Observatory", was launched on July 23, 1999 and reached its final orbit on August 7, 1999. The CXO is in a highly elliptical orbit, approximately 140,000 km x 10,000 km, and has a period of approximately 63.5 hours ( approximate to 2.65 days). Communication with the CXO nominally consists of 1-hour contacts spaced 8-hours apart. Thus, once a communication link has been established, it is very important that the health and safety status of the scientific instruments as well as the Observatory itself be determined as quickly as possible. In this paper, we focus exclusively on the automated health and safety monitoring scripts developed for the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) to use during those 1-hour contacts. ACIS is one of the two focal plane instruments on-board the CXO. We present an overview of the real-time ACIS Engineering Data Web Page and the alert schemes developed for monitoring the instrument status during each communication contact. A suite of HTML and PERL scripts monitors the instrument hardware house-keeping electronics (i.e., voltages and currents) and temperatures during each contact. If a particular instrument component is performing either above or below pre-established operating parameters, a sequence of email and alert pages are spawned to the Science Operations Team of the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center so that the anomaly can be quickly investigated and corrective actions taken if necessary. We also briefly discuss the tools used to monitor the real-time science telemetry reported by the ACIS flight software. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Virani, SN (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4623-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4844 BP 464 EP 475 DI 10.1117/12.460672 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW25B UT WOS:000181335200051 ER PT S AU Spitzbart, BD Wolk, SJ Isobe, T AF Spitzbart, BD Wolk, SJ Isobe, T BE Quinn, PJ TI Chandra monitoring, trending, and response SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS TO OPTIMIZE SCIENTIFIC RETURN III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Observatory Operations to Optimize Scientific Return CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE Chandra; real-time systems; trending AB The Chandra X-ray Observatory was launched in July, 1999 and has yielded extraordinary scientific results. Behind the scenes, our Monitoring and Trends Analysis (MTA) system has proven to be a valuable resource. With three years worth of on-orbit data, we have available a vast array of both telescope diagnostic information and analysis of scientific data to access Observatory performance. As part of Chandra's Science Operations Team (SOT), the primary goal of MTA is to provide tools for effective decision making leading to the most efficient production of quality science output from the Observatory. We occupy a middle ground between flight operations, chiefly concerned with the health and safety of the spacecraft, and v4lidation and verification, concerned with the scientific validity of the data taken and whether or not they fulfill the observer's requirements. In that role we provide and receive support from systems engineers, instrument experts, operations managers, and scientific users. MTA tools, products, and services include real-time monitoring and alert generation for the most mission critical components, long term trending of all spacecraft systems, detailed analysis of various subsystems for life expectancy or anomaly resolution, and creating and maintaining a large SQL database of relevant information. This is accomplished through the use of a wide variety of input data sources and flexible, accessible programming and analysis techniques. This paper will discuss the overall design of the system, its evolution and the resources available. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Spitzbart, BD (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4623-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4844 BP 476 EP 484 DI 10.1117/12.460657 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW25B UT WOS:000181335200052 ER PT S AU Winkelman, SL Rots, A DeLuca, E Paltani, S Hall, D AF Winkelman, SL Rots, A DeLuca, E Paltani, S Hall, D BE Quinn, PJ TI Tracking the processing status of Chandra observations SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS TO OPTIMIZE SCIENTIFIC RETURN III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Observatory Operations to Optimize Scientific Return CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE data archive; data processing; data distribution; observatory operations; X-ray AB The Chandra Data Archive has been archiving and distributing data for the Chandra X-ray Observatory and keeping observers informed of the status of their observations since shortly after launch in July 1999. Due to the complicated processing history of Chandra data, it became apparent that a database was needed to track this history on an observation by observation basis. The result is the Processing Status Database and the Chandra Observations Processing Status tool. In this paper, a description of the database design is given, followed by details of the tools which populate and display the database. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Winkelman, SL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013 OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4623-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4844 BP 485 EP 492 DI 10.1117/12.460651 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW25B UT WOS:000181335200053 ER PT J AU Wright, SJ AF Wright, SJ TI Plant diversity in tropical forests: a review of mechanisms of species coexistence SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Review DE alpha diversity; density dependence; disturbance; host-specific pests; Janzen-Connell hypothesis ID NEOTROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; BELOW-GROUND COMPETITION; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; TREE DIVERSITY; SEED PREDATION; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; DIPTEROCARP SEEDLINGS; FLORISTIC COMPOSITION; AMAZONIAN ECUADOR; SPATIAL-PATTERNS AB Evidence concerning mechanisms hypothesized to explain species coexistence in hyper-diverse communities is reviewed for tropical forest plants. Three hypotheses receive strong support. Niche differences are evident from non-random spatial distributions along micro-topographic gradients and from a survivorship-growth tradeoff during regeneration. Host-specific pests reduce recruitment near reproductive adults (the Janzen-Connell effect), and, negative density dependence occurs over larger spatial scales among the more abundant species and may regulate their populations. A fourth hypothesis, that suppressed understory plants rarely come into competition with one another, has not been considered before and has profound implications for species coexistence. These hypotheses are mutually compatible. Infrequent competition among suppressed understory plants, niche differences, and Janzen-Connell effects may facilitate the coexistence of the many rare plant species found in tropical forests while negative density dependence regulates the few most successful and abundant species. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Wright, SJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM wrightj@tivoli.si.edu RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 125 TC 555 Z9 645 U1 34 U2 344 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2002 VL 130 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s004420100809 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 507MP UT WOS:000173032500001 ER PT B AU Lada, CJ Lada, EA Muench, AA Haisch, KE Alves, J AF Lada, CJ Lada, EA Muench, AA Haisch, KE Alves, J BE Alves, JF McCaughrean, MJ TI Infrared Imaging of embedded clusters: Constraints for star and planet formation SO ORIGINS OF STARS AND PLANETS: THE VLT VIEW SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European-Southern-Observatory Workshop CY APR 24-27, 2001 CL GARCHING, GERMANY SP European SO Observ ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; STELLAR CLUSTER; DARK-CLOUD; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; GALACTIC CLUSTERS; BROWN DWARFS; IMAGES; ORION AB Since its implementation slightly more than a decade ago, astronomical imaging with near-infrared array detectors has matured into an important tool for star and planet formation studies. In this paper we briefly describe three areas of investigation where infrared imaging plays a major role in advancing the understanding of star and planet formation. We highlight recent findings derived from imaging studies of embedded clusters in local star formation. regions which concern: 1) the spatial distributions of young stellar objects, 2) the nature of the IMF, and 3) the frequency and evolution of circumstellar disks. The significance of embedded clusters as laboratories for star formation research is illustrated by each of these examples. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lada, CJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM clada@cfa.harvard.edu; haisch@astro.ufl.edu; jalves@eso.org NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43541-7 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2002 BP 155 EP 170 DI 10.1007/10856518_20 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV31X UT WOS:000178581700020 ER PT B AU Bourke, TL AF Bourke, TL BE Alves, JF McCaughrean, MJ TI The spectacular BHR 71 outflow SO ORIGINS OF STARS AND PLANETS: THE VLT VIEW SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European-Southern-Observatory Workshop CY APR 24-27, 2001 CL GARCHING, GERMANY SP European SO Observ ID SMALL DARK CLOUDS; STAR-FORMATION; SOUTHERN AB BHR 71 is a well isolated Bok globule located at similar to200 pc, which harbours a highly collimated bipolar outflow. The outflow is driven by a very young Class 0 protostar with a luminosity of similar to9 L-circle dot. It is one of a very small number that show enhanced abundances of a number of molecular species, notably SiO and CH3OH, due to shock processing of the ambient medium. In this paper the properties of the globule and outflow are discussed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bourke, TL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43541-7 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2002 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1007/10856518_31 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV31X UT WOS:000178581700031 ER PT B AU Wilner, DJ AF Wilner, DJ BE Alves, JF McCaughrean, MJ TI VLA studies of disks around T Tauri stars SO ORIGINS OF STARS AND PLANETS: THE VLT VIEW SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European-Southern-Observatory Workshop CY APR 24-27, 2001 CL GARCHING, GERMANY SP European SO Observ ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; HYDRAE C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wilner, DJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43541-7 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2002 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1007/10856518_40 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV31X UT WOS:000178581700040 ER PT B AU Goddard, I AF Goddard, I GP ac BE Wolfart, HC TI Grammatical gender in Algonquian SO PAPERS OF THE THIRTY-THIRD ALGONQUIAN CONFERENCE SE Papers of the Algonquin Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Algonquian Conference CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL Univ Calf Berkeley, Berkeley, CA SP Linguist Dept, Canadian Studies Program, Survey Calf & Indian Language HO Univ Calf Berkeley C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MANITOBA PRESS PI WINNIPEG PA 244 ENGINEERING BLDG, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA R3T 2N2, CANADA J9 PAP ALGON CONF PY 2002 VL 33 BP 195 EP 231 PG 37 WC Anthropology; Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Anthropology; Linguistics GA BBP18 UT WOS:000226857700007 ER PT B AU Goddard, I AF Goddard, I BE Wolfart, HC TI Grammatical gender in Algonquian SO PAPERS OF THE THIRTY-THIRD ALGONQUIAN CONFERENCE SE Papers of the Algonquin Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Algonquian Conference CY OCT 25-25, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MANITOBA PRESS PI WINNIPEG PA 244 ENGINEERING BLDG, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA R3T 2N2, CANADA J9 PAP ALGON CONF PY 2002 VL 33 BP 195 EP 231 PG 37 WC Anthropology; Language & Linguistics SC Anthropology; Linguistics GA BX96U UT WOS:000187061600007 ER PT B AU Vennum, T AF Vennum, T GP ac BE Wolfart, HC TI War whoops, hisses, and animal cries: Extra-musical sounds in traditional Ojibwe song performance SO PAPERS OF THE THIRTY-THIRD ALGONQUIAN CONFERENCE SE Papers of the Algonquin Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Algonquian Conference CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL Univ Calf Berkeley, Berkeley, CA SP Linguist Dept, Canadian Studies Program, Survey Calf & Indian Language HO Univ Calf Berkeley C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MANITOBA PRESS PI WINNIPEG PA 244 ENGINEERING BLDG, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA R3T 2N2, CANADA J9 PAP ALGON CONF PY 2002 VL 33 BP 414 EP 432 PG 19 WC Anthropology; Linguistics; Language & Linguistics SC Anthropology; Linguistics GA BBP18 UT WOS:000226857700016 ER PT B AU Vennum, T AF Vennum, T BE Wolfart, HC TI War whoops, hisses, and animal cries: Extra-musical sounds in traditional Ojibwe song performance SO PAPERS OF THE THIRTY-THIRD ALGONQUIAN CONFERENCE SE Papers of the Algonquin Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Algonquian Conference CY OCT 25-25, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MANITOBA PRESS PI WINNIPEG PA 244 ENGINEERING BLDG, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA R3T 2N2, CANADA J9 PAP ALGON CONF PY 2002 VL 33 BP 414 EP 432 PG 19 WC Anthropology; Language & Linguistics SC Anthropology; Linguistics GA BX96U UT WOS:000187061600016 ER PT B AU Harris, DE AF Harris, DE BE Laing, RA Blundell, KM TI Current problems for X-ray emission from radio jets SO PARTICLES AND FIELDS IN RADIO GALAXIES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oxford Radio Galaxy Workshop CY AUG 03-05, 2000 CL UNIV OXFORD, DEPT ASTROPHY, OXFORD, ENGLAND HO UNIV OXFORD, DEPT ASTROPHY ID HOT-SPOT; PKS-0637-752; 3C-390.3 AB A list is presented of known extragalactic radio jets which also have associated X-ray emission. The canonical emission processes for the production of X-rays are reviewed and the sources axe categorized on the basis of our current understanding. Although it seems clear that the X-ray emission is non-thermal, the two possible processes, synchrotron and inverse Compton emission, arise from extremely high energy (synchrotron) or extremely low energy (beaming models with IC emission), relativistic electrons. Only synchrotron self-Compton emission from a few hot-spots provides information on the 'normal' energy range of the electrons responsible for the observed radio emission. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Harris, DE (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, MS-3 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-090-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 250 BP 204 EP 212 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BV27K UT WOS:000178405600033 ER PT J AU Jorge-Neberta, LF Eichelbaum, M Griese, EU Inaba, T Arias, TD AF Jorge-Neberta, LF Eichelbaum, M Griese, EU Inaba, T Arias, TD TI Analysis of six SNPs of NAT2 in Ngawbe and Embera Amerindians of Panama and determination of the Embera acetylation phenotype using caffeine SO PHARMACOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE Amerindians; arylamine N-acetyltransferase; caffeine; interethnic differences in drug metabolism; NAT2 mutations ID N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE NAT2; EVOLUTIONARY PHARMACOGENETICS; CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION; NEW-WORLD; POPULATIONS; GENE; DNA; ALLELE; MUTATIONS; COLOMBIA AB Six NAT2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed in 105 unrelated Ngawbe and 136 unrelated Embera Amerindians (482 chromosomes) by SNP-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis. 282C>T was the most common synonymous mutation, while 867G>A was the most frequent nonsynonymous inactivating exchange. The allelic frequency of the NAT2*5 series (containing the 341 T>C exchange) was 2.4% and 9.9% for Ngawbe and Embera, respectively, five- to 20-times lower than that in Caucasians. The NAT2* 6 series (590G>A) showed allelic frequencies of 0% and 3.7%, eight- to 30-times lower than in Caucasians. On the other hand, the NAT2* 7 series, characterized by mutation 857G>A, had allelic frequencies (23.3% and 22.8%) that were 10-20-times higher in Amerindians than in Caucasians. Amerindians are characterized by decreased genetic diversity because they display a low number of mutated alleles (four and five for Ngawbe and Embera, respectively) that are present at low proportions (27.6% and 39%), reduced genotypic variability (seven out of 15 and 12 out of 21 possible genotypes) and low heterozygosity (40% and 55.1%) at the NAT2 locus. The NAT2 phenotype was evaluated with caffeine in a subset of 72 Embera. There were no disagreements between genotype and phenotype among rapid and slow acetylators (13/72,18%). We conclude that, in the Embera, the analysis of three inactivating mutations was sufficient in predicting the phenotype in more than 99.5% of these subjects. NAT2 would appear to be of a selectively neutral character given that there is no evidence of adaptation to the prevailing ecology in Amerindians. Pharmacogenetics 12:39-48 (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Univ Panama, DNA & Human Genom Inst, Panama City, Panama. Univ Panama, Coll Pharm, Panama City, Panama. Dr Margarete Fischer Bosch Inst Clin Pharmacol, Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Toronto, Dept Pharmacol, Toronto, ON, Canada. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Arias, TD (reprint author), Estafeta Univ, Apartado 10-909, Panama City, Panama. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0960-314X J9 PHARMACOGENETICS JI Pharmacogenetics PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1097/00008571-200201000-00006 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 515KC UT WOS:000173493500006 PM 11773863 ER PT S AU Trueman, CN Tuross, N AF Trueman, CN Tuross, N BE Kohn, MJ Rakovan, J Hughes, JM TI Trace elements in recent and fossil bone apatite SO PHOSPHATES: GEOCHEMICAL, GEOBIOLOGICAL, AND MATERIALS IMPORTANCE SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Phosphates - Geochemical, Geobiological and Materials Importance CY OCT 25-27, 2002 CL GOLDEN, COLORADO SP Mineral Soc Amer ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; FISH TEETH; DIAGENETIC ALTERATION; GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; BIOGENIC APATITES; MINERAL APATITE; CREEK-FORMATION; DINOSAUR BONES C1 Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonion Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Trueman, CN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonion Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RI Trueman, Clive/E-6925-2011 NR 155 TC 124 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 20 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-939950-60-X J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2002 VL 48 BP 489 EP 521 DI 10.2138/rmg.2002.48.13 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BW06Y UT WOS:000180780600013 ER PT B AU Babb, JF AF Babb, JF BE Burgdorfer, J Cohen, JS Datz, S Vane, CR TI Theoretical and experimental studies of line-broadening in alkali metal vapors SO PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, Collisions CY JUL 18-24, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USDOE, US Natl Sci Fdn ID NA-D LINES; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; DIPOLE-MOMENT; SODIUM; TRANSITION; STATES; ATOMS; LIFETIMES; SYSTEM; DIMER AB Recent calculations and measurements of pressure broadening in the far wings of the sodium resonance lines are discussed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Babb, JF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jbabb@cfa.harvard.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-018-5 PY 2002 BP 220 EP 225 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BW78V UT WOS:000183161200023 ER PT B AU Silver, E Schnopper, H Bandler, S Brickhouse, N Murray, S Barbera, M Takacs, E Gillaspy, JD Porto, JV Kink, I Ratliff, LP Hudson, L Laming, JM Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE Schuch, R AF Silver, E Schnopper, H Bandler, S Brickhouse, N Murray, S Barbera, M Takacs, E Gillaspy, JD Porto, JV Kink, I Ratliff, LP Hudson, L Laming, JM Madden, N Landis, D Beeman, J Haller, EE Schuch, R BE Burgdorfer, J Cohen, JS Datz, S Vane, CR TI Broad band, high resolution spectroscopy of highly charged ions with a microcalorimeter on an Electron Beam Ion Trap SO PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, Collisions CY JUL 18-24, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USDOE, US Natl Sci Fdn ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; LINES; SPECTROMETER; SURFACE AB The behavior of exotic highly charged ions can be studied spectroscopically in an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT). The EBIT produces customized, well-characterized, homogeneous plasmas for a wide variety of precision measurements. It is uniquely capable of simulating astrophysical plasma conditions to systematically examine how the atomic structure and dynamics of plasma ions influence the energy release in cosmic X-ray sources. The EBIT can also be used to study the creation of exotic hollow atoms. We report on measurements made abroad band high resolution miciocalorimeter. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Silver, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-018-5 PY 2002 BP 312 EP 323 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BW78V UT WOS:000183161200034 ER PT B AU Balakrishnan, N AF Balakrishnan, N BE Burgdorfer, J Cohen, JS Datz, S Vane, CR TI Chemistry at ultracold temperatures SO PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, Collisions CY JUL 18-24, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, USDOE, US Natl Sci Fdn ID VIBRATIONAL COORDINATE DEPENDENCE; INTERACTION ENERGY SURFACE; NEUTRAL MOLECULES; F+H-2 REACTION; COLLISIONS; RELAXATION; HE-4; SCATTERING; CO; PHOTOASSOCIATION AB Recent advances in the cooling and trapping of atoms as well as molecules have provided an unprecedented opportunity to study atomic and molecular collisions at ultracold temperatures. An overview of the quantum mechanical scattering calculations of quenching of molecular rotations and vibrations as well as chemical reaction in ultracold atom-molecule collisions is given. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Balakrishnan, N (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nbala@cfa.harvard.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PRINCETON PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PRINCETON, NJ 07652 USA BN 1-58949-018-5 PY 2002 BP 604 EP 615 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BW78V UT WOS:000183161200064 ER PT J AU Johansson, S Derkatch, A Donnelly, MP Hartman, H Hibbert, A Karlsson, H Kock, M Li, ZS Leckrone, DS Litzen, U Lundberg, H Mannervik, S Norlin, LO Nilsson, H Pickering, J Raassen, T Rostohar, D Royen, P Schmitt, A Johanning, M Sikstrom, CM Smith, PL Svanberg, S Wahlgren, GM AF Johansson, S Derkatch, A Donnelly, MP Hartman, H Hibbert, A Karlsson, H Kock, M Li, ZS Leckrone, DS Litzen, U Lundberg, H Mannervik, S Norlin, LO Nilsson, H Pickering, J Raassen, T Rostohar, D Royen, P Schmitt, A Johanning, M Sikstrom, CM Smith, PL Svanberg, S Wahlgren, GM TI The FERRUM Project: New f-value data for FeII and astrophysical applications SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths (ASOS 7) CY AUG 05-09, 2001 CL QUEENS UNIV, BELFAST, NORTH IRELAND HO QUEENS UNIV ID SINGLY IONIZED IRON; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; ATOMIC DATA; SPECTRA; STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIPLET; LINES AB We present the FERRUM Project, an international collaboration aiming at a production and evaluation of oscillator strengths (transition probabilities) of selected spectral lines of singly ionized iron group elements, that are of astrophysical relevance. The results obtained include measurements and calculations of permitted and forbidden lines of Fe II. The data have been applied to both emission and absorption lines in astrophysical spectra. We make comparisons between experimental. theoretical and astrophysical f-values. We Live a general review of the various measurements, and discuss the UV8 multiplet of Fe II around 1610 Angstrom in detail. C1 Lund Observ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Hannover, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, Hannover, Germany. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Dept Phys, London, England. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Phys, D-6750 Kaiserslautern, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Johansson, S (reprint author), Lund Observ, Box 43, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. RI Hartman, Henrik/K-3113-2013; Rostohar, Danijela/G-9994-2014; OI Li, Zhongshan/0000-0002-0447-2748 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2002 VL T100 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.100a00071 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 579EB UT WOS:000177162500009 ER PT J AU Buchachenko, AA Stepanov, NF Krems, RV Nordholm, S AF Buchachenko, AA Stepanov, NF Krems, RV Nordholm, S TI Vibrational predissociation of ArHF: a test of global semiempirical potential energy surfaces SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Meeting on Photodynamics CY FEB 10-16, 2002 CL HAVANA, CUBA ID HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE; HF; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; DEPENDENCE; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES; COMPLEXES; ARGON; ATOMS AB Vibrational spectra and vibrational predissociation dynamics of the ArHF complex in the lowest van der Waals levels corresponding to the vibrational states of the HF fragment nu=0-7 are investigated using an accurate quantum mechanical method and recent three-dimensional potential energy surfaces ( PES). The results demonstrate the accuracy of the semiempirical diatomics-in-molecule and empirically corrected ab initio PES's and allow for better understanding of the sensitivity of the vibrational predissociation lifetimes and product state distributions to the interaction potential. Main features of the fragmentation dynamics such as near-resonant vibration-to-rotation energy transfer, strong variation of the predissociation lifetimes with excitation of the van der Waals vibrational modes, and rapid increase of the decay rates with vibrational excitation of HF are analyzed. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Mol Struct & Quantum Mech, Moscow 119899, Russia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Buchachenko, AA (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Mol Struct & Quantum Mech, Moscow 119899, Russia. RI Nordholm, Sture/A-8506-2010; Buchachenko, Alexei/C-8452-2012; Stepanov, Nikolaj/H-1637-2013 OI Buchachenko, Alexei/0000-0003-0701-5531; Stepanov, Nikolaj/0000-0002-7186-9155 NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 20 BP 4992 EP 4998 DI 10.1039/b204480n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 607AG UT WOS:000178767800021 ER PT J AU Bouledroua, M Dalgarno, A Cote, R AF Bouledroua, M Dalgarno, A Cote, R TI Diffusion and excitation transfer of excited alkali-metal atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; STATES; SODIUM; LINES AB We report calculations of diffusion, excitation transfer, width, and shift cross sections. We use these cross sections to obtain the diffusion coefficient and the width and line shift due to collisions of alkali-metal atoms in the impact approximation. The results are compared to analytical expressions obtained from semiclassical treatments, and with measured widths for sodium atoms. Extension to other alkali metal atoms is also given. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Annaba, Fac Med, Annaba, Algeria. RP Bouledroua, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 AR 012701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.012701 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 511PB UT WOS:000173273800059 ER PT J AU Daws, MI Mullins, CE Burslem, DFRP Paton, SR Dalling, JW AF Daws, MI Mullins, CE Burslem, DFRP Paton, SR Dalling, JW TI Topographic position affects the water regime in a semideciduous tropical forest in Panama SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE matric potential; niche specialisation; water balance; water regime ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; NEOTROPICAL TREE; SPECIES-RICHNESS; RAIN-FOREST; COSTA-RICA; GRADIENT; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; DROUGHT; GROWTH AB The effects of topographic position on water regime in a semideciduous tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island in Panama were assessed by measuring soil matric potential using the filter paper technique and by using measured soil water release characteristics to convert a long-term (20 years) gravimetric water content data-set to matric potential. These were also compared against predictions from a simple water balance model. Soil matric potentials on slope sites were significantly higher than on plateau sites throughout the measurement interval and slopes experienced a shorter duration of drought during the annual dry-season. Measured values of matric potential agreed with those predicted from converting the gravimetric measurements using water release characteristics. Annual duration of drought predicted by the simple water balance model agreed with values determined from the converted long term water content data-set and was able to predict the annual duration of drought on plateau sites. On slope sites, the water balance systematically and significantly overestimated the duration of drought obtained from the water content data-set, suggesting that slope sites were supplied with water from upslope. Predictions of annual drought duration from sites with higher annual rainfall than Barro Colorado Island (BCI), suggest that while plateau sites on BCI experience a water regime consistent with annual rainfall, slopes experience a water regime more similar to that of forests with much higher rainfall. We conclude that such large variations in water regime over small spatial scales may play a role in maintaining high species richness through providing opportunities for niche specialisation and by buffering slopes against possible climate change. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Univ Aberdeen, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, St Machar Dr, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. EM m.daws@abdn.ac.uk OI Burslem, David/0000-0001-6033-0990 NR 46 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2002 VL 238 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1023/A:1014289930621 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 524FQ UT WOS:000174002500008 ER PT J AU Liu, AZ Kress, WJ Wang, H Li, DZ AF Liu, AZ Kress, WJ Wang, H Li, DZ TI Insect pollination of Musella (Musaceae), a monotypic genus endemic to Yunnan, China SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE banana; insect pollination; bumblebee; honeybee; wasp; Musella lasiocarpa; endemic; Yunnan; China ID REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; BREEDING SYSTEM; ECOLOGY; SCROPHULARIACEAE; ORCHID; POLLEN AB The pollination biology of Musella lasiocarpa (Franch.) C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li, a monotypic genus in the banana family (Musaceae) endemic to southwestern China, was investigated. Floral phenology, nectar production, and flower visitors were observed, measured, and recorded. Bagging experiments and comparative breeding system studies were carried out at different study sites and in different seasons. Our results revealed four important aspects of the reproductive biology of Musella. 1) This species blooms year round, but most flowering is concentrated from February to August. The longevity of female flowers is greater than that of male flowers and opening of both types of flowers occurs at anytime during the day, but is concentrated in the morning. 2) Although nectar is produced uniformly while flowers are open, the nectar volume and rate of female flowers are significantly higher than that of male flowers. 3) Insects, such as bumblebees (Bombus eximius and B. montivolans), honeybees (Apis cerana and A. florea), and wasps (Vespa mandarinia) are the primary floral visitors and show a preference for female flowers. 4) Both fruit and seed set are pollinator-limited at both study sites. A comparison of the floral biology and pollination characteristics among the three genera in the banana family suggests that insect pollination has played an important role in the reproductive isolation and breeding system evolution of Musella. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, US Natl Herbarium, MRC166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Kunming 650204, Peoples R China. RP Kress, WJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, US Natl Herbarium, MRC166, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RI Liu, aizhong/F-1770-2010; Li, De-Zhu/G-8203-2011 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PY 2002 VL 235 IS 1-4 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s00606-002-0200-6 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 628FL UT WOS:000179981900009 ER PT J AU Li, QJ Kress, WJ Xu, ZF Mia, YM Zhang, L Deng, XB Gao, JY AF Li, QJ Kress, WJ Xu, ZF Mia, YM Zhang, L Deng, XB Gao, JY TI Mating system and stigmatic behaviour during flowering of Alpinia kwangsiensis (Zingiberaceae) SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Alpinia kwangsiensis; anaflexistyly; cataflexistyly; flexistyly; pollination; stigma behaviour; tropics; Zingiberaceae ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; SELF-FERTILIZATION; PLANTS; EVOLUTION; POLLINATION; POLLEN; INTERFERENCE; ANGIOSPERMS; SELECTION; AVOIDANCE AB Little is known about the breeding systems of tropical perennial ginger species. In this paper, we provide information about the breeding system of Alpinia kwangsiensis in Yunnan, Southwest China, specifically self-compatibility, mechanisms promoting outcrossing, and the visitation characteristics of pollinators. Populations of A. kwangsiensis have two specific phenotypes that differ in flowering behaviour- 1) "cataflexi style" individuals in which the stigma is held erect above the dehiscent anther when anthesis begins in the morning and becomes decurved under the anther at noon and 2) "anaflexistyle" individuals in which the receptive stigma is decurved under the indehiscent anther first and moves into a reflexed superior position above the anther as it begins to shed pollen at mid-day. The stigmatic movements in the two floral phenotypes, which occur in a ratio of 1:1 in natural populations, are synchronous and correlate with the foraging behaviour of floral visitors; pollination is effected only between floral forms. Field experiments indicate that A. kwangsiensis is self-compatible and dependent upon insects for fertilization. This newly reported floral mechanism, which we have named "flexistyly," adds to the repertoire of devices that have evolved in flowering plants to insure outcrossing. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, Peoples R China. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Li, QJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, Peoples R China. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PY 2002 VL 232 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s006060200031 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 557WM UT WOS:000175931800009 ER PT J AU Hall, JPW AF Hall, JPW TI A review of the new riodinid butterfly genus Panaropsis (Lepidoptera : Riodinidae : Symmachiini) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Esthemopsis; Neotropical; Pterographium; Panaropsis; Symmachiini AB A new riodinid genus Panaropsis, tribe Symmachiini, is described and illustrated from Central and South America. Four species are recognized: elegans Schaus and semiota Bates transferred from Pterographium Stichel (n. comb.), and thyatira Hewitson and inaria Westwood transferred from Esthemopsis C. and R. Felder (n. comb.). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hall, JPW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700007 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, TJ TI New species of the plant bug genera Keltonia Knight and Pseudatomoscelis Reuter (Heteroptera : Miridae : Phylinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Miridae; Phylinae; Keltonia wheeleri; Pseudatomoscelis nubila; new species; Nearctic; Neotropical AB The new phyline plant bugs, Keltonia wheeleri from Georgia and South Carolina in the southeastern United States, and Pseudatomoscelis nubila from Province Pedernales in the Dominican Republic, are described. A dorsal habitus illustration and selected scanning electron micrographs of K. wheeleri, mate genitalia of both species, and modified identification keys, including photographs of the keyed species [K. rubrofemorata (Knight); K. wheeleri, n.sp.; P. flora (Van Duzee); P. insularis Henry; P. nubila, n.sp.; and P. seriata (Reuter)], are provided to help distinguish the new species. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700011 ER PT J AU Adamski, D AF Adamski, D TI A new species of Glyphidocera Walsingham (Lepidoptera : Gelechioidea : Glyphidoceridae) from Costa Rica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Gelechioidea; Costa Rica; Puntarenas; Heredia; Guanacaste; Limon AB Glyphidocera guaroa, n. sp., is described from Costa Rica. A photograph of the imago and illustrations of wing venation, male abdominal sex scales, and male and female genitalia are provided. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Adamski, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700014 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR AF Mawdsley, JR TI Comparative ecology of the genus Lecontella Wolcott and Chapin (Coleoptera : Cleridae : Tillinae), with notes on chemically defended species of the beetle family Cleridae SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cleridae; Lecontella; chemical defense; ecology; larvae; behavior AB The genus Lecontella Wolcott and Chapin currently contains two species, L. brunnea (Spinola) from eastern North America and L. gnara Wolcott from southwestern North America. The results of the author's laboratory and field studies of L. gnara Wolcott are summarized, and this species' biology compared to that of L. brunnea. Larvae of L. brunnea are parasites in nests of solitary bees and wasps (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae, Sphecidae, and Megachilidae); adults have been collected at lights at night. The larva of L. gnara, which preys on immature stages of Cerambycidae and Buprestidae (Coleoptera), was described and illustrated by earlier workers under the name Cymatodera morosa. Adults of L. gnara are commonly collected at lights at night and have been reared from Quercus arizonica Sargent, Prosopis sp., and Juglans sp. Adult feeding, antennal grooming, and copulatory behaviors are described for L. gnara, and the presence of a chemical defense in adults of this species is noted for the first time. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 164 EP 167 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700019 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Schiff, NM AF Smith, DR Schiff, NM TI A review of the siricid woodwasps and their Ibaliid parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Siricidae, Ibaliidae) in the eastern United States, with emphasis on the mid-Atlantic region SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Sirex; Urocerus; Tretnex; Xerix; Eriotremex; Ibalia; fungal symbionts ID CYNIPOIDEA AB Keys are presented for the five genera and 15 species of adult Siricidae and one genus and two species of their parasitoids of the family Ibaliidae that occur in or may be adventive in eastern United States. Siricid larvae are wood borers in conifers and broadleafed trees. Notes on their biology, fungal symbionts. distributions and host associations are given. Data from collections in the mid-Atlantic states include seasonal occurrence of both Siricidae and Ibaliidae. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 55 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 174 EP 194 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700021 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Schuh, RT AF Henry, TJ Schuh, RT TI Two new genera to accommodate two North American plant bugs (Heteroptera : Miridae : Phylinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Miridae; Sthenaropsidea; Gonoporomiris; new genera; Sthenarus mcateei; Demarata mirifica; new combinations; Nearctic; distribution AB The new genus Sthenaropsidea is established to accommodate Sthenarus mcateei Knight, known from eastern United States, and the new genus Gonoporomiris is established for Demarata mirifica Distant, previously known from Veracruz, Mexico, and newly reported from Grand Bahama Island, the Dominican Republic, and Florida in the United States. Provided are illustrations of the male genitalia, adult dorsal and lateral photographs, new distribution records, and a discussion of relationships. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20506 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20506 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 211 EP 220 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700023 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, NJ AF Vandenberg, NJ TI The New World genus Cycloneda Crotch (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae : Coccinellini): historical review, new diagnosis, new generic and specific synonyms, and an improved key to North American species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cycloneda; Coccinellina; Pseudadonia; Synonychini; Coccinellini; lady beetle; systematics; synonymy; Nearctic; Neotropical ID OLLA AB Taxonomic, nomenclatoral, and comparative morphological studies of Cycloneda Crotch are reviewed. The genus is diagnosed and compared to both related and superficially similar taxa. Pseudadonia Timberlake is recognized as a junior synonym (n. syn.). The species composition of the fauna is delineated, but the need to re-examine species limits and nomenclatoral priorities is stressed. New synonyms are proposed for two species of Cycloneda occurring in North America: Coccinella krikkeni Iablokoff-Khnzorian, reported from India, and Cycloneda atra Casey (of unknown origin) are new junior synonyms of Cycloneda munda (Say); Cycloneda hondurasica Casey (Honduras) and Coccinella reflexa Germain (Chile) are new junior synonyms of Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus). Adalia galapagoensis Van Dyke is transferred to the genus Cycloneda (Cycloneda galapagoensis, n. comb.) and identified as a close relative of Cycloneda sanguinea. Cycloneda sanguinea caymana Chapin is elevated to full species status (Cycloneda caymana, n. status). A new key to species of North American Cycloneda is provided. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Vandenberg, NJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 221 EP 236 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700024 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS AF Konstantinov, AS TI New data on the structure of the female genitalia of flea beetles (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID ALTICINAE C1 Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 237 EP 239 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700025 ER PT J AU Davis, DR AF Davis, DR TI Eucoloneura, a new name to replace the generic homonym Coloneura Davis (Lepidoptera : Psychidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Davis, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700028 ER PT S AU Miralles, MP Cranmer, SR Kohl, JL AF Miralles, MP Cranmer, SR Kohl, JL BE Wilson, A TI Cyclical variations in the plasma properties of coronal holes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOHO 11 SYMPOSIUM ON FROM SOLAR MIN TO MAX: HALF A SOLAR CYCLE WITH SOHO SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-11 Symposium on From Solar Min to Max CY MAR 11-15, 2002 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Physikalisch Meterolog Observ Davos, World Radiat Ctr DE coronal holes; solar corona; solar wind; UV spectroscopy ID SOLAR-WIND; STRAY-LIGHT; SPECTROMETER; POLAR; UVCS/SOHO AB UVCS/SOHO has keen used to measure the plasma properties of several types of coronal holes from 1996 to early 2002 at heights from 1.5 to 3.5 R-circle dot. UVCS observations show a variation in ion properties between coronal holes from solar minimum to solar maximum. Different coronal holes seem to exhibit different heating and acceleration rates. Polar coronal holes at solar minimum exhibited the most extreme ion properties with O5+ perpendicular temperatures in excess of 2 x 10(8) K, O5+ outflow speeds of at least 400 km s(-1) by 3 R-circle dot, and the lowest densities. Equatorial coronal holes at solar maximum exhibited the least extreme ion plasma properties with O5+ perpendicular temperatures less than 8 x 10(7) K, O5+ outflow speeds of only 100 km s(-1) by 3 R-circle dot, and tile largest densities. However, large polar and equatorial coronal holes produce interplanetary wind streams with similar speeds (upsilon similar to 700 km s(-1)). Thus, most of the solar wind acceleration in large equatorial coronal holes must occur above 3 RD. The first high-latitude coronal hole of the new negative magnetic polarity observed at the north in 2001 exhibited extreme properties similar to those of the 1996 1997 polar coronal holes, even though it was 6 years prior to tile next minimum. During 2001-2002, we have observed mid-latitude coronal holes, with properties in between large polar and equatorial coronal holes. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Miralles, MP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-818-2 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2002 VL 508 BP 351 EP 359 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU99D UT WOS:000177565200070 ER PT S AU Cranmer, SR AF Cranmer, SR BE Wilson, A TI Solar wind acceleration in coronal holes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOHO 11 SYMPOSIUM ON FROM SOLAR MIN TO MAX: HALF A SOLAR CYCLE WITH SOHO SE ESA Special Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-11 Symposium on From Solar Min to Max CY MAR 11-15, 2002 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Physikalisch Meterolog Observ Davos, World Radiat Ctr DE coronal holes; solar corona; solar wind; plasma physics; turbulence; UV spectroscopy ID ION-CYCLOTRON; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; HEATING MECHANISMS; TRANSITION REGION; ALFVEN WAVES; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS; FREQUENCY WAVES; IN-SITU AB This paper reviews the current state of our understanding of high-speed solar wind acceleration in coronal holes. Observations by SOHO, coupled with interplanetary particle measurements going back several decades, have put strong constraints on possible explanations for how the protons, electrons, and minor ions receive their extreme kinetic properties. The asymptotic plasma conditions of the wind depend on energy and momentum deposition both at the coronal base (where, e.g., the mass flux is determined) and in the extended acceleration region between 2 and 10 solar radii (where the plasma becomes collisionless and individual particle species begin to exhibit non-Maxwellian velocity distributions with different moments). The dissipation of magnetohydrodynamic fluctuations (i.e., waves, turbulence, and shocks) is believed to dominate the heating in the extended corona, and spectroscopic observations from the UVCS instrument on SOHO have helped to narrow the field of possibilities for the precise modes, generation mechanisms, and damping channels. We will survey recent theoretical and observational results that have contributed to new insights, and we will also show how next-generation instruments can be designed to identify and characterize the dominant physical processes to an unprecedented degree. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cranmer, SR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM scranmer@cfa.harvard.edu NR 84 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-818-2 J9 ESA SPEC PUBL PY 2002 VL 508 BP 361 EP 366 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU99D UT WOS:000177565200071 ER PT S AU Raymond, JC AF Raymond, JC BE Wilson, A TI Spectroscopic diagnostics of CME material SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOHO 11 SYMPOSIUM ON FROM SOLAR MIN TO MAX: HALF A SOLAR CYCLE WITH SOHO SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-11 Symposium on From Solar Min to Max CY MAR 11-15, 2002 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Physikalisch Meterolog Observ Davos, World Radiat Ctr DE corona; coronal mass ejection; spectroscopy; UV ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPES; HELICITY CONSERVATION; SOLAR; PROMINENCE; SUN; ACCELERATION; SHOCKS; DYNAMICS; STREAMER AB SUMER, CDS and UVCS provide unique spectroscopic diagnostics of CME material through both Doppler shifts and line intensities. The Doppler shift information complements imaging data from LASCO and EIT, providing a probe of the structure of the expanding plasma along the line-of-sight. The line intensities provide unique information about the density, temperature and ionization state of the expanding plasma. Both very high and very low ions have been detected, H I to [Fe XIX]. The combination of temperature, density and ionization state constrains the thermal history of the CME plasma. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Raymond, JC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-818-2 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2002 VL 508 BP 421 EP 430 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU99D UT WOS:000177565200082 ER PT J AU Risaliti, G Elvis, M Nicastro, F AF Risaliti, G Elvis, M Nicastro, F TI Ubiquitous column density variability in Seyfert 2 galaxies SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT White Workshop on AGN Variability Across the Electromagnetic Spectrum CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL CSIRO ATNF, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA HO CSIRO ATNF DE galaxies : active; galaxies : Seyfert; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY; QUASARS; TORI AB We present a study of X-ray column density variability in Seyfert 2 galaxies. We show that variations in N-H are observed in almost all the objects with multiple hard X-ray observations. Variation timescales (as short as a few months in several cases) are not in agreement with the standard scenario of a parsec-scale toroidal absorber. We propose that the X-ray absorber in Seyfert galaxies is located much nearer to the centre than previously assumed, on the broad line region scale. An extension of the model by M. Elvis (2000) can explain the observed variability. We also show preliminary results of NH variability search inside single X-ray observations, which suggest that variations can occur on timescales of a few 10(4) s. C1 Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Risaliti, G (reprint author), Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. OI Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X; Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 155 EP 157 DI 10.1071/AS01116 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 567JW UT WOS:000176482500034 ER PT J AU Weisskopf, MC Brinkman, B Canizares, C Garmire, G Murray, S Van Speybroeck, LP AF Weisskopf, MC Brinkman, B Canizares, C Garmire, G Murray, S Van Speybroeck, LP TI An overview of the performance and scientific results from the Chandra X-ray Observatory SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Review ID HIGH-RESOLUTION CAMERA; IN-FLIGHT PERFORMANCE; TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; FIELD-NORTH AREA; ACCRETION DISK; DEEP SURVEY; CONTAMINATION MONITOR; INITIAL PERFORMANCE; ABSORPTION LINES AB The Chandra X-Ray Observatory (CXO), the X-ray component of NASA's Great Observatories, was launched on 1999 July 23 by the space shuttle Columbia. After satellite systems activation, the first X-rays focused by the telescope were observed on 1999 August 12. Beginning with the initial observation it was clear that the telescope had survived the launch environment and was operating as expected. Despite an initial surprise due to the discovery that the telescope was far more efficient for concentrating CCD-damaging low-energy protons than had been anticipated, the observatory is performing well and is returning superb scientific data. Together with other space observatories, most notably XMM-Newton, it is clear that we have entered a new era of discovery in high-energy astrophysics. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Penn State Univ, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Weisskopf, MC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. NR 88 TC 443 Z9 444 U1 4 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 114 IS 791 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1086/338108 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 508ML UT WOS:000173092800001 ER PT J AU Leonard, DC Filippenko, AV Gates, EL Li, WD Eastman, RG Barth, AJ Bus, SJ Chornock, R Coil, AL Frink, S Grady, CA Harris, AW Malkan, MA Matheson, T Quirrenbach, A Treffers, RR AF Leonard, DC Filippenko, AV Gates, EL Li, WD Eastman, RG Barth, AJ Bus, SJ Chornock, R Coil, AL Frink, S Grady, CA Harris, AW Malkan, MA Matheson, T Quirrenbach, A Treffers, RR TI The distance to SN 1999em in NGC 1637 from the expanding photosphere method SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; TELESCOPE KEY PROJECT; OPTICAL LIGHT-CURVE; II SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE CONSTANT; STANDARD STARS; IA SUPERNOVAE; LINE IDENTIFICATIONS; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; CEPHEID DISTANCE AB We present 30 optical spectra and 49 photometric epochs sampling the first 517 days after discovery of supernova (SN) 1999em and derive its distance through the expanding photosphere method (EPM). SN 1999em is shown to be a Type II-plateau (II-P) event, with a photometric plateau lasting until about 100 days after explosion. We identify the dominant ions responsible for most of the absorption features seen in the optical portion of the spectrum during the plateau phase. Using the weakest unblended absorption features to estimate photospheric velocity, we find the distance to SN 1999em to be D=8.2+/-0.6 Mpc, with an explosion date of HJD 2,451,475.6+/-1.4 or 5.3+/-1.4 days before discovery. We show that this distance estimate is about 10% closer than the distance that results if the strong Fe II lambdalambda4924, 5018, 5169 absorption features, which have often been used in previous EPM studies, are used to estimate photospheric velocity. We examine potential sources of systematic error in EPM-derived distances and find the most significant to result from uncertainty in the theoretical modeling of the flux distribution emitted by the SN photosphere (i.e., the "flux dilution factor"). We compare previously derived EPM distances to eight SNe II in galaxies (or members of the same group) for which a recently revised Cepheid distance exists from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project and find D(Cepheids)/D(EPM) = 0.87+/-0.06 (statistical); eliminating the three SNe II distances for which a Cepheid distance exists only to a group member, and not the host galaxy itself, yields. D(Cepheids)/D(EPM) = 0.96+/-0.09. Additional direct comparisons, especially to spectroscopically and photometrically normal SNe II-P, will certainly help to produce a more robust comparison. Finally, we investigate the possible use of SNe II-P as standard candles and find that for eight photometrically confirmed SNe II-P with previously derived EPM distances and SN 1999em, the mean plateau absolute brightness is (M) over bar (v)(plateau) = -16.4+/-0.6 mag, implying that distances good to similar to30% (1 sigma) may be possible without the need for a complete EPM analysis. At (M) over bar (v)(plateau) = -15.9+/-0.2 mag, SN 1999em is somewhat fainter than the average SN II-P. The general consistency of absolute SNe II-P brightness during the plateau suggests that the standard candle assumption may allow SNe II-P to be viable cosmological beacons at z>2. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Mt Hamilton, CA 95140 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Leonard, DC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM leonard@nova.astro.umass.edu NR 99 TC 174 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 114 IS 791 BP 35 EP 64 DI 10.1086/324785 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 508ML UT WOS:000173092800004 ER PT J AU Donahue, DJ Olin, JS Harbottle, G AF Donahue, DJ Olin, JS Harbottle, G TI Determination of the radiocarbon age of parchment of the Vinland Map SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID SCROLLS AB The Vinland Map, drawn on a 27.8 x 41.0 cm parchment bifolium, is housed in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University. In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, it shows "the Island of Vinland, discovered by Bjarni and Leif in company." Skelton, Marston, and Painter (Skelton et al. 1965, 1995) firmly argued the map's authenticity, associating it with the Council of Baste (AD 1431-1449), that is, half a century before Columbus's voyage. Nevertheless, vigorous scholarly questioning of the map's authenticity has persisted (Washburn 1966; McCrone 1974; Olin and Towe 1976; Cahill et al. 1987; McCrone 1988; Towe 1990). We have determined the precise radiocarbon age of the map's parchment by accelerator mass spectrometry (A-MS). The one-sigma calibrated calendrical date range is AD 1434 +/- 11 years: the 95% confidence level age range is AD 1411-1468. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. RP Donahue, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 591KE UT WOS:000177878200004 ER PT B AU Ruffins, FD AF Ruffins, FD BE Dubrow, GL Goodman, JB TI Four African American women on the national landscape SO RESTORING WOMEN'S HISTORY THROUGH HISTORIC PRESERVATION SE CENTER BOOKS ON CONTEMPORARY LANDSCAPE DESIGN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Conference on Women and Historic Preservation CY MAY 19-21, 2000 CL MT VERNON COLL, WASHINGTON, D.C. HO MT VERNON COLL C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA 2715 N CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA BN 0-8018-7052-6 J9 CENT BOOKS CONTEMP PY 2002 BP 58 EP + PG 29 WC History; Women's Studies SC History; Women's Studies GA BX72G UT WOS:000186213200004 ER PT J AU Leigh, EG Cosson, JF Pons, JM Forget, PM AF Leigh, EG Cosson, JF Pons, JM Forget, PM TI How does the study of forest isolates provide better knowledge about the organization of a tropical forest? SO REVUE D ECOLOGIE-LA TERRE ET LA VIE LA French DT Article ID FRENCH-GUIANA; PROECHIMYS-SEMISPINOSUS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FRUGIVOROUS RODENT; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; BREEDING STRUCTURE; SEED-DISPERSAL; TREE DIVERSITY; ANOLIS LIZARDS; SPINY RAT AB Small forested islands isolated from surrounding tropical forest by new reservoirs provide a norm for interpreting the effects of fragmentating the forest by intervening agriculture and pasture, and an effective means of investigating the ecological organization of the mainland forest. Water is a more effective barrier to immigration and a more neutral matrix than field or pasture. On forest fragments isolated by water, the effects of fragmentation are minimally confounded with effects of the matrix, while forest fragments surrounded by fields and pastures may suffer intrusions from fire, domestic animals, and other pests. On small islands, some species will go extinct. If the extinction of a species is followed by increase in its prey or competitors, we may provisionally assume that on the mainland, these prey and competitors are limited by the species now absent from the island. If, when a tree's seed disperser disappears, new seedlings of that tree no longer appear, that tree's regeneration presumably depends on its seed disperser. Islands in new reservoirs are the tropical forest ecologist's closest analogue to the exclusion experiments so effective in understanding the ecology of inter-tidal communities. Small islands in reservoirs can also serve as systems of replicates for experimental analysis of the causes of regulation of selected populations. We review work on small islands isolated in 1914 by Panama's Gatun Lake, islands isolated in 1986 by Venezuela's Lake Guri, and islets isolated in 1994 at Saint-Eugene in French Guiana. The more recently the islands have been isolated, the more can be learned from them. The Saint-Eugene Fragmentation Project is particularly important because it is only one of the three in true rainforest and studies there have been done before and after fragmentation. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, UPR 7060, Inst Natl Rech Agron,Ctr Biol & Gest Pullulat, F-34095 Montpellier, France. Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, UPR 7060, Lab Genome Populat Interact, F-34095 Montpellier, France. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Lab Zool Mammiferes & Oiseaux, F-75005 Paris, France. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Ecol Gen, CNRS, UMR 8571, F-91800 Brunoy, France. RP Leigh, EG (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama. EM Leighl@gamboa.si.edu RI Forget, Pierre-Michel/B-4355-2009 OI Forget, Pierre-Michel/0000-0002-9252-974X NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC NATL PROTECTION NATURE ACCLIMATATION FRANCE PI PARIS 5 PA 57 RUE CUVIER, 75005 PARIS 5, FRANCE SN 0249-7395 J9 REV ECOL-TERRE VIE JI Rev. Ecol.-Terre Vie PY 2002 SU 8 BP 181 EP 194 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 616CU UT WOS:000179284800012 ER PT B AU Matthews, LD Uson, JM AF Matthews, LD Uson, JM BE Taylor, AR Landecker, TL Willis, AG TI VLA H I observations of two 'superthin' edge-on spirals SO SEEING THROUGH THE DUST: THE DETECTION OF HI AND THE EXPLORATION OF THE ISM IN GALAXIES, PROCEEDINGS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Seeing Through the Dust CY OCT 20-25, 2001 CL HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS, PENTICTON, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys HO HERZBERG INST ASTROPHYS ID GALAXIES; WARPS AB We summarize initial results from the analysis of sensitive new H I 21-cm line observations of two edge-on 'superthin' spiral galaxies observed with the Very Large Array. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Matthews, LD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-118-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 276 BP 414 EP 418 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW08B UT WOS:000180802300071 ER PT S AU Remo, JL Furnish, MD AF Remo, JL Furnish, MD BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI High intensity X-ray coupling to meteorite targets SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Experimental results of shock wave effects from high intensity (70 -215 GW) soft X-ray irradiation on several meteorite targets are presented. From inhomogeneous materials, useful data on particle velocity and in-situ velocity were obtained and permitted the computation of the yield stress, shock wave velocity, compression, as well as the momentum and energy coupling coefficients. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Planetary Sci Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Remo, JL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Planetary Sci Div, 60 Garden St,Mail Stop 18, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1410 EP 1413 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900328 ER PT J AU Seidensticker, J AF Seidensticker, J TI Tiger tracks - Revisiting his old haunts in Nepal, the author looks for tigers and finds a clever new strategy for saving them SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zoo, Washington, DC USA. RP Seidensticker, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zoo, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD JAN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 10 BP 62 EP + PG 0 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 506JK UT WOS:000172966400018 ER PT B AU Lin, J Wang, JX AF Lin, J Wang, JX BE Wang, HN Xu, RL TI What can we learn from constructing CME models: Magneric interface SO SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL MAGNETIC ACTIVITY AND SPACE ENVIRONMENT SE COSPAR COLLOQUIA SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Solar-Terrestrial Magnetic Activity and Space Environment CY SEP 10-12, 2001 CL CHINESE ACAD SCI, NATL ASTRON OBSERV, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP COSPAR Chinese Natl Comm, Comm Space Res, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Minist Sci & Technol HO CHINESE ACAD SCI, NATL ASTRON OBSERV ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; SOLAR-FLARES; FLUX AB In most cases, the magnetic interface can be identified with the magnetic separatrix where activities are always expected,bus this is not always true although activities are tightly related to the interactions among different magnetic systems topologically separated by the magnetic interface. In the present work, we investigate the magnetic interface on the base of current CME models for the first time. The relations and differences between the magnetic interface and the magnetic separatrix are carefully studied, and potential significance of these relations and differences to the observation and solar activity forecasting are discussed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lin, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI LIN, JUN/B-9890-2017 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 0-08-044110-6 J9 COSPAR COLL PY 2002 VL 14 BP 137 EP 143 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BW25F UT WOS:000181336400026 ER PT S AU Golub, L Hassler, DM AF Golub, L Hassler, DM BE Frohlich, C Pap, JM Dame, L Marsch, E TI High resolution coronal imaging with multilayers SO SOLAR VARIABILITY AND SOLAR PHYSICS MISSIONS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E2 3/E2 4 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP European Space Agcy, Int Astron Union, Comm Space Res ID TRANSITION REGION; RAY AB Since the 1960s, when on-disk coronal imaging became possible, progress in the field has consisted largely in improving the spectral spatial and temporal resolution of the observations. With the development of normal-incidence, soft X-ray and, XUV multilayer optics in the 1980s, a dramatic improvement in the first two of these occurred, and with the development of better detectors the temporal resolution (along with the sensitivity) also improved. In this paper we discuss recent results from The Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE), which is providing observations of the solar outer atmosphere with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. The new views of coronal structure and dynamics being obtained indicate that: (i) the corona is filled with flows of both hot and cool material, (ii) instead of "loops," the basic coronal structures are threads, and (iii) threads of hot plasma appear to form as parallel bundles on surfaces, which may correspond to dissipation at quasi-separatrix layers. We conclude with a discussion of the possible next generation of high resolution missions. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Golub, L (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1999 EP 2008 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00145-X DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00145-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BU89J UT WOS:000177314700018 ER PT S AU Kress, ME Desch, SJ Dateo, CE Benedix, G AF Kress, ME Desch, SJ Dateo, CE Benedix, G BE Bernstein, MP Rettberg, P Mancinelli, RL Race, MS TI Shock processing of interstellar nitrogen compounds in the solar nebula SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, UV RADIATION ON BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION, AND PLANETARY PROTECTION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F3 4(1)-B0 8, F3 1 and F3 5-PPP1 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUN, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Comm Space Res, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, CNES, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV, European Space Agcy ID CHONDRULE FORMATION; WAVE MODEL; DISKS AB Some organic material in chondrites (primitive meteorites) exhibits a very low N-14/N-15, suggesting that the compounds that carry this heavy nitrogen signature formed in the interstellar medium. Other organic components of the same chondrites show a more solar isotopic signature, suggesting they derive from an isotopically solar reservoir of nitrogen such as N-2 or NH3 in the solar nebula. In this work, we model the chemistry of the shocks that have been hypothesized as the mechanism to melt chondrules. We find that such shocks (approximate to 8 km/s) do not produce significant amounts of HCN and CN if all nitrogen is initially locked in N-2 and all carbon is locked in CO. Only when NH3 or CH4 (or both) were present in the initial pre-shock nebula gas do CN and HCN form. We also find that C2H2 (acetylene) and C2H form in low abundances if the carbon is all locked in CO in the pre-shock gas. The presence of CH4 facilitates the formation of acetylene and related compounds. In the absence of CH4 or NH3, only negligible amounts of species containing CdropC or CdropN bonds form. Acetylene and cyanide-related compound's may be precursors to the organics that condensed into meteorites about 4.5 billion years ago. We find that CN bonds largely survive these shocks; thus, the very low interstellar N-14/N-15 signature can be preserved if the N-15 is carried by CdropN-bearing interstellar compounds. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Astrobiol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Univ Washington, Astrobiol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Benedix, Gretchen/0000-0003-0990-8878 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1473 EP 1480 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00505-7 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00505-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Immunology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Immunology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV68R UT WOS:000179771000011 ER PT S AU Estes, RD Lorenzini, EC Sanmartin, JR AF Estes, RD Lorenzini, EC Sanmartin, JR BE ElGenk, MS TI Short tethers for electrodynamic thrust SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies ID CYLINDRICAL LANGMUIR PROBES; MOTION-LIMITED REGIME AB The operational advantages of electrodynamic tethers of moderate length are becoming evident from studies of collision avoidance. Although long tethers (of order of 10 kilometers) provide high efficiency and good adaptability to varying plasma conditions, boosting tethers of moderate length (- 1 kilometer) and suitable design might still operate at acceptable efficiencies and adequate adaptability to a changing environment. In this paper we carry out a parametric analysis of the performance of 1-km long boosting tethers, to maximize their efficiency. We also discuss the possible use of multiple, parallel such tethers for keeping thrust high when length is decreased. We then estimate the survivability of short tethers to micrometeoroids and orbital debris. Finally, a few considerations are made on the dynamic stability of electrodynamic tether systems versus length. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Estes, RD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 548 EP 553 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200071 ER PT B AU Kalogera, V AF Kalogera, V BE Shara, MM TI Coalescence of double compact objects: Event rates SO STELLAR COLLISIONS, MERGERS, AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Stellar Collisions, Mergers and Their Consequences CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 CL AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST, NEW YORK, NY HO AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; NEUTRON-STAR BINARIES; PULSAR; SYSTEM; STATISTICS; ACCRETION; GALAXY AB Emission of gravitational radiation can drive the inspiral and final coalescence of two compact objects (neutron stars and black holes) in close binary orbits. Such inspiral and merger events are expected to be primary sources for ground based gravitational-wave interferometric detectors (such as LIGO), and they may also be associated with the central engines of gamma-ray bursts. In this paper, a review of estimates of coalescence rates is presented and the origin of systematic uncertainties associated with the rate estimates are examined. Ways of obtaining upper limits on the merger rate of double neutron stars are also discussed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kalogera, V (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-103-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 263 BP 323 EP 331 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV22X UT WOS:000178271300024 ER PT S AU Dobrzycka, D Raymond, JC Cranmer, SR AF Dobrzycka, D Raymond, JC Cranmer, SR BE Gibson, S Suess, ST TI Polar coronal jets SO STRUCTURE, ENERGETICS AND DYNAMICS OF THE CORONA AND THE HELIOSPHERE DURING THE RISING PHASE OF THE 23RD SOLAR CYCLE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E2 2/D2 2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission E held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Comm Space Res ID X-RAY TELESCOPE; SOLAR; SPECTROMETER; LIGHT; HOLES AB We present ultraviolet spectroscopy of polar coronal jets obtained with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. They correlate with the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope Fe XII (195Angstrom) and Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph white-light jet events. We found that the jets typically undergo two phases: at the first phase the O VI lines show a brief intensity enhancement and narrowing, while the H I Lyce line is not enhanced, and the second phase, about 25 minutes later, when the H I Lyalpha line shows maximum intensity enhancement and narrowing, while the O VI line is relatively unchanged. We modeled the observable properties of the jets from 1997 August 5, detected at 1.71 R-circle dot. We interpret the first phase as the fast, dense centroid of the jet passing by the slit, and the second phase as a passage of cooler, lower density material following the centroid. Possible scenarios of the electron temperature variations needed to account for observed conditions on 1997 August 5 indicate that some heating is required. We computed models of the temperature and nonequilibrium ionization state of an expanding plasma using various forms for the heating rates. We discuss the model results and estimate the initial electron temperature and heating rate required to reproduce the observed O VI ionization state. We also place some constraints on the origin of the jet material based on the inferred plasma properties. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dobrzycka, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 SI 2002 BP 337 EP 341 AR PII S0273-1177(01)00594-4 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00594-4 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BT86F UT WOS:000174269800008 ER PT J AU Sun, HJ Depriest, PT Gargas, A Rossman, AY Friedmann, EI AF Sun, HJ Depriest, PT Gargas, A Rossman, AY Friedmann, EI TI Pestalotiopsis maculans: A dominant parasymbiont in North American lichens SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE lichenicolous fungi; lichen symbiosis; Pestalotiopsis ID FUNGAL AB By culturing small thallus portions in nutrient medium, we showed that Pestalotiopisis maculans (Corda) Nag Raj is a dominant parasymbiont (secondary fungus) in North American lichens. P. maculans was present in all twelve lichen specimens (10 Cladonia, 1 Usnea, and 1 Parmetroma) studied in the eastern North America between Ontario, Canada and Oaxaca, Mexico. In each lichen P. maculans was present throughout the length of the thallus. Cultures of excised tissue samples revealed that in the Cladonia thallus P. maculans is confined to the medulla, but not in direct contact with the photobiont cells contained therein. When growing in pure culture, P. maculans and the mycobiont Cladonia subtenuis show different hyphal morphologies in the environmental scanning electron microscope, but these characteristics are not present within the lichen thallus. Twenty-one lichens collected in Germany, the Canary Islands, New Zealand, and Israel contained other secondary fungi (but not Pestalotiopsis) with variable abundance and relatively narrow geographic distribution. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Natl Herbarium, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Florida State Univ, Polar Desert Res Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Sun, HJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-301, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI DePriest, Paula/K-6633-2015 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 215 EP 226 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 634DT UT WOS:000180325300002 ER PT J AU Adams, RM AF Adams, RM TI Anthropological perspectives on technology. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Adams, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 155 EP 157 DI 10.1353/tech.2002.0002 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 532LM UT WOS:000174476700008 ER PT J AU Finn, B AF Finn, B TI City of light: The story of fiber optics. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Finn, B (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 194 EP 196 DI 10.1353/tech.2002.0013 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 532LM UT WOS:000174476700031 ER PT B AU Grego, L Joy, M Carlstrom, JE LaRoque, S Nagai, D Dawson, K Ebeling, H Reese, ED Holzapfel, WL AF Grego, L Joy, M Carlstrom, JE LaRoque, S Nagai, D Dawson, K Ebeling, H Reese, ED Holzapfel, WL BE Borgani, S Mezzetti, M Valdarnini, R TI Masses of high-redshift clusters via SZ effect observations SO TRACING COSMIC EVOLUTION WITH GALAXY CLUSTERS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Tracing Cosmic Evolution with Galaxy Clusters CY JUL 03-06, 2001 CL SESTO PUSTERIA, ITALY SP Univ Trieste, Dept Astron, Int Sch Adv Studies, Natl Inst Astrophys ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; ZELDOVICH; DENSITY; CONSTRAINTS; UNIVERSE AB We present Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) observations of distant, highly X-ray luminous clusters of galaxies. We use the SZE data to constrain their total masses, independent of X-ray observations. To do this, we assume the clusters have the same gas mass fraction as that derived from SZE measurements of a sample of known massive clusters, and then infer each cluster's mass from its SZE data. In the systems with published X-ray temperatures, we find good agreement between our SZE-derived temperatures and those inferred from X-ray spectroscopy; in the system without X-ray derived temperatures, the SZE data provide the first confirmation that it is indeed a massive system. The abundance of clusters at high redshift is critically sensitive to the values of the cosmological parameters and so the demonstrated ability to determine cluster temperatures and masses from SZE observations independent of X-ray data illustrates the power of using deep SZE surveys to probe the distant universe. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grego, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-108-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 268 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV27L UT WOS:000178406700018 ER PT B AU Gonzalez, AH Dalcanton, JJ Nelson, AE Simard, L Zaritsky, D Wechsler, RH AF Gonzalez, AH Dalcanton, JJ Nelson, AE Simard, L Zaritsky, D Wechsler, RH BE Borgani, S Mezzetti, M Valdarnini, R TI Tracing cosmic evolution with the Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey SO TRACING COSMIC EVOLUTION WITH GALAXY CLUSTERS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Tracing Cosmic Evolution with Galaxy Clusters CY JUL 03-06, 2001 CL SESTO PUSTERIA, ITALY SP Univ Trieste, Dept Astron, Int Sch Adv Studies, Natl Inst Astrophys AB The Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey (LCDCS), which contains over 1000 cluster candidates at z>0.3, is a unique sample with which to probe the evolution of both cluster galaxies and the properties of the cluster population. Programs are now underway to utilize the LCDCS for both purposes. We provide a brief overview of these programs, and also present new results for the LCDCS cluster correlation function. Utilizing well-defined, approximately dispersion-limited subsamples, we measure the angular correlation function for clusters at zapproximate to0.5. Spatial correlation lengths are then derived via Limber inversion. We find that the correlation length depends upon mass, as parameterized by the mean cluster separation, in a manner that is consistent with both local observations and CDM predictions for the clustering strength at z=0.5. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gonzalez, AH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-108-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2002 VL 268 BP 379 EP 380 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BV27L UT WOS:000178406700078 ER PT B AU Whigham, DF O'Neill, J McCormick, M Smith, C Rasmussen, H Caldwell, B Daniell, T AF Whigham, DF O'Neill, J McCormick, M Smith, C Rasmussen, H Caldwell, B Daniell, T BE Kindlmann, P Willems, JH Whigham, DF TI Interactions between decomposing wood, mycorrhizas, and terrestrial orchid seeds and protocorms SO TRENDS AND FLUCTUATIONS AND UNDERLYING MECHANISMS IN TERRESTRIAL ORCHID POPULATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Trends and Fluctuations and Underlying Mechanisms in Terrestrial Orchid Populations CY MAY 06-13, 2001 CL CESKE BUDEJOVICE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE Aplectrum hyemale; asymbiotic; Corallorhiza odontorhiza; Goodyera pubescens; Liparis lilifolia; protocorm; seed germination; symbiotic; Tipularia discolor; wood substrate ID MYCO-HETEROTROPHIC PLANTS; SYMBIOTIC GERMINATION; CORALLORHIZA-TRIFIDA; GOODYERA-REPENS; IN-SITU; FUNGI; PLATANTHERA; SPECIFICITY; CARBON AB We describe field and laboratory experiments designed to determine if wood in various stages of decomposition is a suitable substrate for terrestrial orchid symbionts. Five orchid species (Goodyera pubescens (WILLD.) R. BR., Liparis lilifolia (L.) L.C.M. RICH Ex LINDL., Tipularia discolor (PURSH) NUTTALL, Aplectrum hyemale (NUTT.) TORR., Corallorhiza odontorhiza (WILLD.) NUTTALL) were used in the experiments. Seeds of G. pubescens were the only ones to readily germinate in the field and the presence of a symbiont reduced the time that it took for seeds to germinate in the laboratory. Seeds of L. lilifolia germinated best in the presence of a symbiont in laboratory experiments. Protocorms of G. pubescens and L. lilifolia only grew when they developed mycorrhizas. Goodyera pubescens protocorms were able to develop mycorrhizas with fungi that had been isolated from adults and protocorms of the same species as well as some fungi isolated from other orchid species. Goodyera pubescens is, thus, more of a generalist species than L. lilifolia, which developed mycorrhizas with only a single type of fungus. Protocorms of both species grew on all types of wood media used in the experiments. Seeds of the other species probably did not germinate in the field because the germination substrates lacked the required fungi. Seed of the other species did not germinate in the laboratory because the fungi that we isolated from field collected plants may have not supported seed germination. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Whigham, DF (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. OI Rasmussen, Hanne/0000-0002-0181-9304 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU BACKHUYS PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 321, 2300 AH LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5782-123-0 PY 2002 BP 117 EP 131 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BW10G UT WOS:000180884300009 ER PT B AU Truettner, WH AF Truettner, WH BE Haxthausen, CW TI A case for active viewing SO TWO ART HISTORIES: THE MUSEUM AND THE UNIVERSITY SE CLARK STUDIES IN THE VISUAL ARTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Clarke Conference on the Two Art Histories - the Museum and the University CY APR 09-10, 1999 CL STERLING & FRANCINE CLARK ART INST, WILLIAMSTOWN, MA HO STERLING & FRANCINE CLARK ART INST C1 Smithsonian Amer Art Museum, Washington, DC USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU YALE UNIV PRESS PI NEW HAVEN PA 302 TEMPLE ST, NEW HAVEN, CT 06511 USA BN 0-300-09775-1 J9 CLARK STUD VIS ARTS PY 2002 BP 102 EP 112 PG 11 WC Art; History SC Art; History GA BW01R UT WOS:000180652700012 ER PT S AU Neale, PJ Fritz, JJ AF Neale, PJ Fritz, JJ BE Slusser, JR Herman, JR Gao, W TI Experimental exposure of plankton suspensions to polychromatic ultraviolet radiation for determination of spectral weighting functions SO ULTRAVIOLET GROUND- AND SPACE-BASED MEASUREMENTS, MODELS, AND EFFECTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models, and Effects CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA Langley Res Ctr, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Probe TOMS Program DE spectroradiometer; xenon; biological weighting functions; solar ultraviolet radiation ID UV-RADIATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENVIRONMENT AB The design and optical characteristics of a polychromatic ultraviolet radiation exposure system are described. The system uses a Xe lamp and long-pass cutoff filters to provide exposures to plankton suspensions in quartz cuvettes. Up to 80 simultaneous exposures can be made for eight spectral regimes with ten irradiance levels for each regime. Treatment spectra are presented for a system configured for the study of UV responses of biological and chemical processes in the Chesapeake Bay. Experimental exposures bracket full solar spectral irradiance for the site. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Neale, PJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4196-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4482 BP 291 EP 296 AR UNSP 4482-36 DI 10.1117/12.452930 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BU15F UT WOS:000175162200030 ER PT S AU Fabbiano, G AF Fabbiano, G CA CfA VO Team BE Szalay, AS TI NVO activities at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics SO VIRTUAL OBSERVATORIES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Virtual Observatories CY AUG 25-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE data archives; virtual observatory; data model AB The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) provides an ideal test-bed for the Virtual Observatory. Cfa has expertise covering virtually all branches of observational astronomy and of astrophysical research, as well as data and information management (the Chandra X-ray Center - CXC, and the Astrophysical Data System - ADS). At CfA, we have a leading role in the US National Virtual Observatory (NVO) team for the development of the VO Data Model(s), in collaboration with the European Astrophysical Virtual Observatory (AVO). To this end, we are validating our design with a local prototype, which will federate the CfA data archives, starting with the X-ray (Chandra) and optical (Telescope Data Center - TDC) archives. This paper describes our approach and progress. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4625-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4846 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1117/12.461515 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV96X UT WOS:000180549000005 ER PT S AU Eichhorn, G Accomazzi, A Grant, CS Kurtz, MJ Murray, SS AF Eichhorn, G Accomazzi, A Grant, CS Kurtz, MJ Murray, SS BE Szalay, AS TI Access to the astrophysics data system: What, how, who, and where. SO VIRTUAL OBSERVATORIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Virtual Observatories CY AUG 25-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE ADS abstract service; bibliography; virtual observatory AB The Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is the search system of choice for Astronomers world-wide. The searchable database contains over 2.6 million bibliographic records. In addition the ADS has over 2 million scanned article pages from about 280,000 articles, dating back as far as 1829. There are currently more than 10,000 regular users (more than 10 queries/month). ADS users issue almost 1 million queries per month and receive 40 million records and 1.2 million scanned article pages per month. One important aspect of the ADS is the system of links to other data providers. We have currently more than 3 million links to other on-line resources. The ADS is accessed from almost 100 countries with a wide range of the number of queries per country. In order to improve access from different parts of the world, we maintain 9 mirror sites of the ADS in Brazil, Chile, China, England, France, Germany, India, Japan, and Russia. Automatic procedures facilitate keeping these mirror sites up-to-date over the network. The ADS is funded by NASA Grant NCC5-189. The ADS is available at: http://ads.harvard.edu. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Eichhorn, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090; Accomazzi, Alberto/0000-0002-4110-3511 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4625-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4846 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.460821 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV96X UT WOS:000180549000011 ER PT J AU Wierich, J AF Wierich, J TI The body of Raphaelle Peale: Still life and selfhood, 1812-1824 SO WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Wierich, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST EARLY AMER HIST CULT PI WILLIAMSBURG PA BOX 220, WILLIAMSBURG, VA 23187 USA SN 0043-5597 J9 WILLIAM MARY QUART JI William Mary Q. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.2307/3491659 PG 5 WC History SC History GA 541WY UT WOS:000175010000024 ER PT S AU Narita, T Grindlay, JE Jenkins, JA Perrin, M Marrone, D Murray, R Connell, B AF Narita, T Grindlay, JE Jenkins, JA Perrin, M Marrone, D Murray, R Connell, B BE Flanagan, KA Siegmund, OHW TI Design and preliminary tests of a prototype CZT imaging array SO X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy XII CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; pixellated imaging detectors; hard X-ray imaging ID IMARAD CZT; DETECTORS AB We report on the design and construction of a tiled Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detector array, suitable for use as an astronomical coded aperture imager. Four detector modules, each with 4 x 4 x 0.5 cm of CZT, readout by two 128 channel XA type ASICs, have been built and incorporated into a detector focal plane array. A passive shield/collimator surrounded by plastic scintillator encloses the detector on five sides and provides a 40 degree field of view. In this paper, we present our performance goals and some preliminary calibration results. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Narita, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4211-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4497 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.454234 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BU13N UT WOS:000175126100009 ER PT S AU Schnopper, HW Barbera, M Silver, E Ingram, R Christensen, FE Romaine, S Cohen, L Collura, A Murray, SS AF Schnopper, HW Barbera, M Silver, E Ingram, R Christensen, FE Romaine, S Cohen, L Collura, A Murray, SS BE Gorenstein, P Hoover, RB TI Light weight, thin plastic foil, X-ray telescopes SO X-RAY OPTICS FOR ASTRONOMY: TELESCOPES, MULTILAYERS, SPECTROMETERS, AND MISSIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Optics for Astronomy - Telescopes, Multilayers, Spectrometers, and Missions CY JUL 30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID OPTICS AB We present results from a program to develop an X-ray telescope made from thin plastic shells. Our initial results have been obtained from multi-shell cylindrical lenses that are used in a point-to-point configuration to image the small focal spot of a an X-ray tube on a microchannel plate detector. We describe the steps that led up to the present design and present data from the tests that have been used to identify the properties of the plastic material that make it a suitable X-ray reflector. We discuss two applications of our technology to X-ray missions that are designed to address some of the scientific priorities set forth in NASA's long term plans for high energy astrophysics. One mission will observe in the 1-10 keV band, the other win extend up to ca. 100keV. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schnopper, HW (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hschnopper@head-cfa.harvard.edu OI collura, alfonso/0000-0001-9534-1235; Barbera, Marco/0000-0002-3188-7420 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4210-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4496 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.454371 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU13M UT WOS:000175125900004 ER PT S AU Gorenstein, P AF Gorenstein, P BE Gorenstein, P Hoover, RB TI A successor to the RXTE PCA based upon focusing optics SO X-RAY OPTICS FOR ASTRONOMY: TELESCOPES, MULTILAYERS, SPECTROMETERS, AND MISSIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Optics for Astronomy - Telescopes, Multilayers, Spectrometers, and Missions CY JUL 30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray astronomy; x-ray telescopes AB There is broad interest in a next generation timing mission to succeed the PCA of RXTE that will provide five to ten times more effective area than its 0.65 square meters and much better energy resolution. Currently, prospective missions are, like the PCA, based upon large area detectors. Serious consideration should also be given to a focusing system. The focusing system could be either a modular array of relatively small diameter imaging telescopes or concentrators with solid state detectors in their focal planes that fits within a single spacecraft or a very long focal length single focus telescope that engages in formation flying with a detector spacecraft. For areas exceeding a square meter a focusing system could actually be less complex, more reliable, and for one particular optical design perhaps not much more massive. The total detector area would be only a few percent of the telescope aperture. It is possible to obtain all the detectors required, with good energy resolution, commercially today. They could be cooled passively in space. Several optical designs are possible. The disadvantages of an optical system are larger mass, more difficultly obtaining broad bandwidth, smaller field of view, and larger volume. On the positive side, the focusing system is more sensitive to fainter sources, is much more efficient below 2 keV, is less sensitive to background and may not be more costly overall than an array of solid state area detectors with the same collecting area and equally good energy resolution. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gorenstein, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 4, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM goren@cfa.harvard.edu; goren@cfa.harvard.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4210-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4496 BP 154 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.454362 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BU13M UT WOS:000175125900017 ER PT J AU Wemmer, C AF Wemmer, C TI Opportunities lost: Zoos and the marsupial that tried to be a wolf SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Wemmer, C (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1002/zoo.10023 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 543LD UT WOS:000175102700001 ER PT J AU Wielebnowski, NC Fletchall, N Carlstead, K Busso, JM Brown, JL AF Wielebnowski, NC Fletchall, N Carlstead, K Busso, JM Brown, JL TI Noninvasive assessment of adrenal activity associated with husbandry and behavioral factors in the North American clouded leopard population SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Neofelis nebulosa; felidae; fecal corticoids; self-mutilation; animal wellbeing; stress ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; NEOFELIS-NEBULOSA; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION; REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; CORTISOL RESPONSES; SAGUINUS-OEDIPUS; ANIMAL-WELFARE; PREGNANT PIGS AB The North American clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) population is far from self-sustaining. Breeding success is poor and behavioral problems (i.e., fur-plucking. tail-chewing, excessive hiding or pacing, and intersexual aggression that results in mate killing) are common. This study was undertaken to investigate whether some of these problems may be indicators of chronic stress (as reflected by persistently elevated glucocorticoid levels) and whether they are associated with specific management factors. A fecal corticoid metabolite assay was validated to monitor adrenal activity in clouded leopards. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenges conducted in four clouded leopards established the biological relevance of the assay system. Fecal corticoid concentrations increased 14-fold above baseline within 24 hours after ACTH administration. Adrenal activity then was monitored in 72 (36 males 36 females) clouded leopards (65% of the North American Species Survival Plan population) during a 6-week period and compared to husbandry and behavior data. There was a significant (P < 0.01) gender difference in fecal corticoid concentrations, with females producing higher concentrations than males, Multiple regression analyses revealed negative associations (P < 0.01) between enclosure height, number of hours keepers spent with each animal per week, and corticoid concentrations. A positive correlation (P < 0.001) was found between the number of keepers caring for an individual and corticoid concentrations. Higher fecal corticoid concentrations (P <= 0.05) were measured in clouded leopards kept on public display or near potential predators compared to individuals maintained off exhibit or in the absence of predators. Individuals that performed self-injuring behaviors also had elevated fecal corticoids (P < 0.01). Spearman-rank, correlation analysis of keeper ratings and hormone data revealed positive associations (P less than or equal to 0.05) between some behaviors (pace, sleep. hide, and fearful/tense) and fecal corticoid concentrations. Overall these results indicate that noninvasive fecal corticoid monitoring has enormous potential for investigating how management and behavioral problems are related to animal well-being. If conducted under carefully controlled experimental paradigms, this technique could allow researchers and managers to identify problem areas of captive management for clouded leopards (e.g., enclosure height, keeper time) and evaluate the efficacy of strategies designed to promote animal welfare and increased reproductive success. Zoo Biol 21:77-98, 2002. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. John Ball Zool Garden, Grand Rapids, MI USA. Honolulu Zoo, Honolulu, HI USA. Natl Univ Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Med, Inst Fisiol, Cordoba, Argentina. RP Wielebnowski, NC (reprint author), Brookfield Zoo, Chicago Zool Soc, Brookfield, IL 60513 USA. EM nawieleb@brookfieldzoo.org NR 134 TC 142 Z9 149 U1 13 U2 84 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0733-3188 EI 1098-2361 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 77 EP 98 DI 10.1002/zoo.10005 PG 22 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 543LD UT WOS:000175102700007 ER PT J AU Terio, KA Brown, JL Moreland, R Munson, L AF Terio, KA Brown, JL Moreland, R Munson, L TI Comparison of different drying and storage methods on quantifiable concentrations of fecal steroids in the cheetah SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fecal steroids; estrogen; progestagen; corticoid; androgen ID ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION; PROPITHECUS-VERREAUXI; YELLOWSTONE BISON; WILD; PREGNANCY; REPRODUCTION; METABOLITES; JUBATUS; BABOONS; FELIDS AB Fecal steroid analysis is a powerful tool that can provide important information on the health, physiology, and reproductive status of nondomestic species. However, studying free-ranging animals requires that feces be stored and transported from the collection site to the laboratory in a manner that prevents degradation or alteration of steroid metabolites. To determine the effects of different handling and storage methods on fecal steroids, 30 fresh fecal samples from five captive cheetahs were collected, thoroughly mixed, separated into aliquots, and processed (stored or dried) under different conditions. Concentrations of gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones were analyzed in feces stored frozen at -20 degreesC or at room temperature in 95% ethanol. Both frozen and ethanol-stored aliquots were desiccated using a lyophilizer, solar oven, or conventional oven. The steroid values from aliquots stored and desiccated using the different methods were compared to those obtained using the optimal storage method of freezing at -20 degreesC and desiccating in a lyophilizer (control). Concentrations of corticoid, estrogen, progestagen, and androgen metabolites in fecal extracts were quantified by radioimmunoassay. Androgen metabolite concentrations were not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by storage or drying methods. Fecal samples stored at room temperature in ethanol and lyophilized also had steroid concentrations that did not differ (P > 0.05) from controls. However, the concentrations of corticoid and estrogen metabolites were significantly lower (P < 0.05), and progestagen metabolites were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in samples desiccated in solar and conventional ovens without regard to storage method. These results suggest that storage of fecal samples at room temperature in ethanol is the best alternative to freezing for subsequent analysis of steroid hormone concentrations. Differences in measured concentrations of hormones in oven-desiccated samples could be due to hormone degradation or shifts in the immunodominant metabolite. Therefore, validation of storage and processing techniques should be included in the development of any new fecal steroid analysis methodology. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Terio, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 23 TC 44 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1002/zoo.10036 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 566AK UT WOS:000176403400001 ER PT J AU Brown, JL Graham, LH Wu, JM Collins, D Swanson, WF AF Brown, JL Graham, LH Wu, JM Collins, D Swanson, WF TI Reproductive endocrine responses to photoperiod and exogenous gonadotropins in the Pallas' cat (Otocolobus manul) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fecal steroids; hormones; estrogens; progestogens; androgens; estrous cycle; pregnancy; artificial insemination; seasonality; testis ID LAPAROSCOPIC ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; OVARIAN ACTIVITY; CLOUDED LEOPARD; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; DOMESTIC CATS; PROGESTERONE; PREGNANCY; OVULATION; ESTRADIOL; PLASMA AB Fecal samples were collected for 14-26 months from three male and six female Pallas' cats (Otocolobus manul) to examine gonadal steroidogenie activity in response to changes in photoperiod and treatment with exogenous gonadotropins. Females exhibited a seasonal anestrus from May-December, excreting consistently low concentrations of fecal estrogens (overall mean. 50.2+/-8.5 ng/g). During the breeding season (January-April), baseline fecal estrogen concentrations were higher, averaging 128.4+/-18.9 ng/g, with peak concentrations ranging from 455.8-909.6 ng/g. Interpeak intervals in estrogen excretion ranged between 7 and 21 days, with an average estrous cycle length of 14.3 +/- 1.7 days. Two females became pregnant after natural mating, with overall luteal progestogen concentrations averaging similar to40 mug/g throughout gestation. Fecal estrogens increased in mid-gestation, peaking just before birth. Induction of follicular development with eCG (100-300 IU, i.m.) resulted in an increase in fecal estrogens (peak range, 263.1-1198.1 ng/g), followed by a postovulatory increase in fecal progestogens (overall mean, 41.1+/-11.9 mug/g) after hCG (75-150 IU, i.m.). Despite apparently normal ovarian responses, none of the females conceived after artificial insemination (AI). The gonadotropin-induced nonpregnant luteal phase lasted 49.8+/-5.3 days (range, 30-60 days), whereas gestation lasted similar to70 days. In the male Pallas' cat, fecal androgens were elevated from November-April (overall mean, 352.3 +/- 30.3 ng/g) compared with nadir concentrations during the rest of the year (82.1 +/- 3.3 ng/g). Entrainment of seasonality to photoperiod was demonstrated by stimulation of gonadal steroidogenic activity in cats exposed to increasing artificial light during natural (nonbreeding season) and artificially induced short-day photoperiods. In summary, reproduction in Pallas' cats is highly seasonal and photoperiod-dependent. Females exhibit elevated baseline and peak fecal estrogen concentrations for 3-4 months during late winter/early spring. Testicular steroidogenic activity precedes the rise in female estrogen excretion by about 2 months, presumably to ensure maximal sperm production during the breeding season. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Woodland Pk Zoo Gardens, Seattle, WA USA. Cincinnati Zoo & Bot Garden, Ctr Res & Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Brown, JL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remt Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 347 EP 364 DI 10.1002/zoo.10043 PG 18 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 579QG UT WOS:000177188900004 ER PT J AU Shepard, MK Campbell, BA Bulmer, MH Farr, TG Gaddis, LR Plaut, JJ AF Shepard, MK Campbell, BA Bulmer, MH Farr, TG Gaddis, LR Plaut, JJ TI The roughness of natural terrain: A planetary and remote sensing perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID RADAR DATA; SURFACE; SCATTERING; TOPOGRAPHY; MAGELLAN; VENUS; SPECTRA; DESERT; FIELD AB We examine the various methods and parameters in common use for quantifying and reporting surface topographic "roughness." It is shown that scale-dependent roughness parameters are almost always required, though not widely used. We suggest a method of standardizing the parameters that are computed and reported so that topographic data gathered by different workers using different field techniques can be directly and easily intercompared. We illustrate the proposed method by analyzing topographic data from 60 different surfaces gathered by five different groups and examine the information for common features. We briefly discuss the implications of our analysis for studies of planetary surface roughness, lander safety, and radar remote sensing modeling and analysis. C1 Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Geog & Geosci, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Shepard, MK (reprint author), Bloomsburg Univ Penn, Dept Geog & Geosci, 400 E 2nd St, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. OI Farr, Thomas/0000-0001-5406-2096 NR 31 TC 123 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 25 PY 2001 VL 106 IS E12 BP 32777 EP 32795 DI 10.1029/2000JE001429 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 515GX UT WOS:000173488000001 ER PT J AU Meibom, A Petaev, MI Krot, AN Keil, K Wood, JA AF Meibom, A Petaev, MI Krot, AN Keil, K Wood, JA TI Growth mechanism and additional constraints on FeNi metal condensation in the solar nebula SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GRAINS; CHONDRITES AB Chemically zoned FeNi metal grains in the metal-rich chondrites QUE 94411 and Hammadah al Hamra 237 formed by gas-solid condensation in the temperature range from similar to1500 to 1400 K during highly energetic thermal events in the solar nebula. We observe a linear correlation between the apparent diameter of the zoned FeNi metal grains and their inferred condensation temperature interval, which indicates that the grain growth rate was essentially constant. This lends strong support for a kinetic "hit-and-stick" growth model that yields growth timescales of similar to20-85 hours and gas cooling rates of similar to1-2 K h(-1) for six representative zoned metal grains studied in QUE 94411. In the core regions of the zoned metal grains the Ni concentration is systematically lower than the thermodynamically predicted values, suggesting that solid-state diffusion played an important role in shaping the zoning profiles. Combined with existing data, our observations provide a set of constraints on the physics and chemistry of large-scale, high-temperature processes in the earliest solar nebula, which present astrophysicists with profound challenges. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Ctr Volcanol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Meibom, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, 320 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 25 PY 2001 VL 106 IS E12 BP 32797 EP 32801 DI 10.1029/2000JE001477 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 515GX UT WOS:000173488000002 ER PT J AU Ricketts, RD Johnson, TC Brown, ET Rasmussen, KA Romanovsky, VV AF Ricketts, RD Johnson, TC Brown, ET Rasmussen, KA Romanovsky, VV TI The Holocene paleolimnology of Lake Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan: trace element and stable isotope composition of ostracodes SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Issyk-Kul; ostracodes; paleoclimate; paleolimnology; stable isotopes; trace elements ID LACUSTRINE CARBONATES; AGE CALIBRATION; NORTH-DAKOTA; CENTRAL-ASIA; TIEN-SHAN; OXYGEN; URANIUM; CALCITE; RECORD; BASIN AB The stable isotope and trace element geochemistry of ostracode shells from Lake Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan. provide an important new paleoclimate record for central Asia. The delta(18)O, delta(13)C, Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca and U/Ca composition of shells from the species Candona neglecta found in two piston cores constrains the paleohydrology of the lake from 8700 to 1000 calendar yr before present, These data, combined with robust chronologies based on 16 AMS (14)C dates, suggest that the region went from a relatively moist climate in the early Holocene to a more and climate in the late Holocene. Intense freshwater input, presumably glacial runoff, flowed into the lake from 8700 to 8300 cal yr BP as evident from the delta(18)O and delta(13)C values. From 8300 to 6900 cal yr BP delta(18)O and Sr/Ca values indicate that the lake was relatively fresh and an open basin, and U/Ca values suggest that the lake was well-mixed with well-oxygenated bottom waters. There is a transition zone between 6900 and 4900 cal yr BP when delta(18)O and Sr/Ca values rapidly increase and Mg/Ca and U/Ca values rapidly decrease. During this period the lake evolved from an open, freshwater. well-mixed lake to a closed, more saline, less well-mixed lake. For the remainder of the record delta(18)O, Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca and U/Ca are relatively constant, implying conditions similar to modern conditions, although the slight increasing trend in Sr/Ca may suggest an increase in salinity over this period. The delta(13)C values were approximately in equilibrium with atmospheric CO, in the early part of the record but became relatively negative in the later part of the record. This indicates that the dominant mechanism controlling the isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon shifted from exchange with the atmosphere to variations in biological productivity. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Kyrgyz Inst Water Problems & Hydropower, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. RP Ricketts, RD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. EM ricketts@d.umn.edu RI Johnson, Thomas/C-1423-2010 NR 85 TC 105 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD DEC 25 PY 2001 VL 176 IS 1-4 BP 207 EP 227 AR PII S0031-0182(01)00339-X DI 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00339-X PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 522PL UT WOS:000173905800012 ER PT J AU DePriest, PT AF DePriest, PT TI Lichens of North America SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP DePriest, PT (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol Bot, W-525, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI DePriest, Paula/K-6633-2015 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 294 IS 5551 BP 2485 EP 2486 DI 10.1126/science.1068383 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 505QU UT WOS:000172927700033 ER PT J AU Stanek, KZ Garnavich, PM Jha, S Kilgard, RE McDowell, JC Bersier, D Challis, PM Falco, E Quinn, JL AF Stanek, KZ Garnavich, PM Jha, S Kilgard, RE McDowell, JC Bersier, D Challis, PM Falco, E Quinn, JL TI Rapid UBVRI follow-up of the highly collimated optical afterglow of GRB 010222 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; DETACHED ECLIPSING BINARIES; DIRECT DISTANCES; GRB-990510; GRB-991216; VARIABLES; CEPHEIDS; EMISSION AB We present the earliest optical observations of the optical counterpart to the gamma-ray burst (GRB) 010222, obtained with the Fred L. Whipple Observatory 1.2 m telescope in UBV RI passbands, starting 3.64 hr after the burst (0.4 hr after public notification of the burst localization). We also present late R-band observations of the afterglow obtained with the 1.8 m Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope similar to 25 days after the burst. The temporal analysis of our data joined with published data indicates a steepening decay, independent of wavelength, asymptotically approaching F-nu proportional to t(-0.80 +/- 0.05) at early times (t <<1 day) and F-nu proportional to t(-1.30+/-0.05) at late times, with a sharp break at t(b) = 0.72 +/- 0.10 days. This is the second earliest observed break of any afterglow (after GRB 980519), which clearly indicates the importance of rapid multiband follow-up for GRB afterglow research. The optical spectral energy distribution, corrected for small Galactic reddening, can be fitted fairly well by a single power law with F-nu proportional to nu (-1.07 +/- 0.09). However, when we fit using our BVRI data only, we obtain a shallower slope of -0.88 +/- 0.10, in excellent agreement with the slope derived from our low-resolution spectrum (-0.89 +/- 0.03). The spectral slope and light-curve decay slopes we derive are not consistent with a jet model despite the presence of a temporal break. Significant host dust extinction with a starburst reddening law would flatten the spectral index to match jet predictions and still be consistent with the observed spectral energy distribution. We derive an opening angle of smaller than any listed in the 2.degrees1, recent compilation of Frail et al. The total beamed energy corrected for the jet geometry is 4 x 10(50) ergs, very close to the "standard" value of 5 x 10(50) ergs found by Frail et al. for a number of other bursts with light-curve breaks. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Fred L Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Stanek, KZ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 57 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP 592 EP 596 DI 10.1086/323941 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JE UT WOS:000172852900013 ER PT J AU Harvey, DWA Wilner, DJ Lada, CJ Myers, PC Alves, JF Chen, H AF Harvey, DWA Wilner, DJ Lada, CJ Myers, PC Alves, JF Chen, H TI Structure of protostellar collapse candidate B335 derived from near-infrared extinction maps SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; ISM : globules; ISM : individual (B335); ISM : jets and outflows; stars : formation ID SMALL-SCALE STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR CLOUD CORES; SELF-SIMILAR COLLAPSE; BOK GLOBULE B335; STAR-FORMATION; DARK CLOUDS; DUST EXTINCTION; BIPOLAR OUTFLOW; LINE FORMATION; DENSE CORES AB We present a near-infrared extinction study of the dark globule B335, a protostellar collapse candidate, using data from the Hubble Space Telescope/Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer and the W. M. Keck Observatory. These data allow a new quantitative test of the "inside-out" collapse model previously proposed to explain molecular line profiles observed toward this region. We find that the shape of the density profile is well matched by the collapse model but that the amount of extinction corresponds to larger column densities than predicted. An unstable Bonnor-Ebert sphere with dimensionless outer radius xi (max) = 12.5 +/- 2.6 provides an equally good description of the density profile and is indistinguishable from the collapse model over the range in radius sampled by the extinction data. The bipolar outflow driven by the embedded young stellar object has an important effect on the extinction through the core, and modeling the outflow as a hollowed-out bipolar cone of constant opening angle provides a good match to the observations. The complete extinction map is well reproduced by a model that includes both infall and outflow and an additional 20% dispersion that likely results from residual turbulent motions. This fitted model has an infall radius of R(inf) = 26" +/- 3" (0.031 pc for 250 pc distance) and an outflow cone semiopening angle of alpha = 41 degrees +/- 2 degrees. The fitted infall radius is consistent with those derived from molecular line observations and supports the inside-out collapse interpretation of the density structure. The fitted opening angle for the outflow is slightly larger than observed in high-velocity CO emission, perhaps because the full extent of the outflow cone in CO becomes confused with ambient core emission at low velocities. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Munich, Germany. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Harvey, DWA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dharvey@cfa.harvard.edu; dwilner@cfa.harvard.edu; clada@cfa.harvard.edu; pmyers@cfa.harvard.edu; jalves@eso.org; huachen@nortelnetworks.com NR 60 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP 903 EP 918 DI 10.1086/324076 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JE UT WOS:000172852900038 ER PT J AU Chou, Y Grindlay, JE AF Chou, Y Grindlay, JE TI Binary and long-term (triple?) modulations of 4U 1820-30 in NGC 6624 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : individual (4U 1820-30); X-rays : stars ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; X-RAY-BURSTS; SOURCE 4U-1820-30; RADIUS EXPANSION; ORBITAL PERIOD; DISCOVERY; MASS; VARIABILITY; NGC-6624; FLUX AB We present timing analysis results for Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations of X-ray binary source 4U 1820-30 located in the globular cluster NGC 6624. The light curves of observations made between 1996 October and 1997 September show that the maximum of the 685 s binary period modulation folded by the linear ephemeris from previous observations has a phase shift of -0.20 +/- 0.06. Combined with historical results (1976-1997), the binary period derivative is measured to be (P)over dot/P = (-3.47 +/- 1.48) x 10(-8) yr(-1). The previous known (similar to 176 day) long-term modulation is significant in the X-ray light curve obtained by analysis of the RXTE All-Sky Monitor (ASM) during the years 1996-2000. The RXTE ASM ephemeris is extended by analysis of all historical data (Vela 5B and Ginga) to yield a period of 171.033 +/- 0.326 days with no evidence for period change (\ (P)over dot/P \ < 2.20 x 10(-4) yr(-1)). All reported X-ray burst activity is confined to within 23 days of the predicted minima. This stable long-term modulation is consistent with 4U 1820-30 being a hierarchical triple system with a similar to1.1 day period companion. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chou, Y (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Chou, Yi/C-4922-2008 OI Chou, Yi/0000-0002-8584-2092 NR 33 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP 934 EP 940 DI 10.1086/324038 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JE UT WOS:000172852900041 ER PT J AU Esser, R Edgar, RJ AF Esser, R Edgar, RJ TI Differential flow speeds of ions of the same element: Effects on solar wind ionization fractions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : particle emission ID POLAR CORONAL HOLE; R-CIRCLE-DOT; WHITE-LIGHT; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CHARGE STATES; ACCELERATION; HELIUM; MODEL; INFERENCES AB In previous studies of solar wind ion fractions it has always been assumed that ions of the same element flow with the same flow speed. In the present paper, we investigate the effects of differential flow speeds between different ionization states of the same element on the formation of O, C, Mg, Si, and Fe ions. We show that if the difference in flow speeds of adjacent ions, v(i) and v(i+1), is large, the discrepancy between observed in situ ion fractions and low coronal electron temperature can be significantly reduced. The calculations are carried out for a radial profile of the electron temperature chosen in agreement with Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) measurements of coronal dark lanes and with two radial profiles of the electron density representing lower and upper observational limits. In order for the differential flow speeds to close the gap between the ion fractions observed in situ and the ones predicted from the low electron temperature observed in the corona, the differential flow speeds have to be extremely large in the regions where the ions are formed, e.g., below 1.5R(S) for O ions and below for 2.5R(S) Si ions; and in the case of Si, the coronal electron density has to be at the upper limit of observed values. In the cases of C, O, Mg, and Fe, the lower limit on the electron density is also acceptable. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Esser, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP 1055 EP 1062 DI 10.1086/323987 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JE UT WOS:000172852900051 ER PT J AU Kellogg, E Pedelty, JA Lyon, RG AF Kellogg, E Pedelty, JA Lyon, RG TI The X-ray system R Aquarii: A two-sided jet and central source SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : symbiotic; circumstellar matter; radio continuum : stars; stars : individual (R Aquarii); stars : winds, outflows; white dwarfs; X-rays : general ID RESOLUTION; SPECTRUM; PLASMA AB We report Chandra ACIS-S3 X-ray imaging and spectroscopy of the R Aquarii binary system that show a spatially resolved two-sided jet and an unresolved central source. This is the first published report of such an X-ray jet seen in an evolved similar to2-3 M-circle dot stellar system. At E < 1 keV, the X-ray jet extends to both the northeast (NE) and southwest (SW) relative to the central binary system. At 1 < E < 7.1 keV, R Aqr is a pointlike source centered on the star system. While both 3.5 cm radio continuum emission and X-ray emission appear coincident in projection and have maximum intensities at 7 " .5 NE of the central binary system, the next strongest X-ray component is located similar to 30 " SW of the central binary system and has no radio continuum counterpart. The X-ray jets are likely shock-heated in the recent past and are not in thermal equilibrium. The strongest SW X-ray jet component may have been shocked recently since there is no relic radio emission as expected from an older shock. At the position of the central binary, we detect X-ray emission below 1.6 keV consistent with blackbody emission at T similar to 2 x 10(6) K. There is also a prominent 6.4 keV feature, a possible fluorescence or collisionally excited Fe K line from an accretion disk or from the wind of the giant star. For this excitation to occur, there must be an unseen hard source of X-rays or particles in the immediate vicinity of the hot star. Such a source would be hidden from view by the surrounding edge-on accretion disk. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Instrument Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kellogg, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 27, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Lyon, Richard/D-5022-2012 NR 19 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP L151 EP L155 DI 10.1086/338594 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JF UT WOS:000172853000014 ER PT J AU Munoz, JA Mediavilla, E Falco, EE Oscoz, A Barrena, R McLeod, BA Abajas, C Alcalde, D Serra-Ricart, M Motta, V AF Munoz, JA Mediavilla, E Falco, EE Oscoz, A Barrena, R McLeod, BA Abajas, C Alcalde, D Serra-Ricart, M Motta, V TI Subarcsecond optical images of the radio gravitational lens B1152+199 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; quasars : individual (B1152+199) ID GALAXIES; DUST AB We present R-band observations of the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey gravitational lens system B1152+199, obtained with the active optics system at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. Owing to the very good spatial resolution of the images (0."6), the optical counterpart of the two quasar components and the lens galaxy have been clearly identified. Contrary to previous estimates, the new location derived for the lens is in excellent agreement with the lensing interpretation for the system. We estimate a time delay of about 30 h(-1) days. C1 Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Fac Ciencias, Dept Astron, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay. RP Munoz, JA (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP L107 EP L109 DI 10.1086/338735 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JF UT WOS:000172853000004 ER PT J AU Seaton, DB Winebarger, AR DeLuca, EE Golub, L Reeves, KK Gallagher, PT AF Seaton, DB Winebarger, AR DeLuca, EE Golub, L Reeves, KK Gallagher, PT TI Active region transient events observed with TRACE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : corona ID TRANSITION REGION; CORONAL EXPLORER; SOLAR; FLARE; VIEW; EIT AB Nearly all active region observations made by the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) contain seemingly spontaneous, short-lived brightenings in small-scale loops. In this paper, we present an analysis of these brightenings using high-cadence TRACE observations of Active Region 9506 on 2001 June 21 from 15:17:00 to 15:46:00 UT. During this time frame, several brightenings were observed over a neutral line in a region of emerging flux that had intensity signatures in both the 171 Angstrom (log T-e approximate to 6.0) and 1600 Angstrom (log T-e approximate to 4.0-5.0) channels. The events had a cross- sectional diameter of approximately 2 " and a length of 25 ". We interpret these as reconnection events associated with flux emergence, possible EUV counterparts to active region transient brightenings. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Big Bear Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. RP Seaton, DB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013; Gallagher, Peter/C-7717-2011; OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895; Gallagher, Peter/0000-0001-9745-0400; SEATON, DANIEL/0000-0002-0494-2025 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP L173 EP L177 DI 10.1086/338737 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JF UT WOS:000172853000019 ER PT J AU Vrtilek, SD Raymond, JC Boroson, B Kallman, T Quaintrell, H McCray, R AF Vrtilek, SD Raymond, JC Boroson, B Kallman, T Quaintrell, H McCray, R TI Simultaneous Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope observations of SMC X-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; pulsars : individual (SMC X-1) ultraviolet : stars; X-rays : stars ID IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH; WIND DYNAMICS; RAY; VARIABILITY; SMC-X-1 AB We present first results from simultaneous ultraviolet (Hubble Space Telescope/STIS) and X-ray (Chandra/ACIS) observations of the SMC X-1/SK 160 eclipsing binary system. Observations covering four orbital phases during each of the X-ray high and X-ray low states were taken in 2000 October-November and 2001 April. The ultraviolet P Cygni lines show strong broad absorption near X-ray eclipse and narrow absorption when the X-ray source is in the line of sight. The effect is visible during both the X-ray high and X-ray low states; the UV continuum flux remains roughly constant in spite of more than an order-of-magnitude reduction in X-ray flux, as expected if the X-ray flux reduction is due to occultation of the X-ray source by a precessing disk rather than an intrinsic change in X-ray luminosity. The X-ray spectra are dominated by continuum emission in the X-ray high state. Occultation of the neutron star by the disk during the low state also implies that X-ray emission from the disk surface should be present, and the low-state spectra do show strong emission lines. During eclipse and during the X-ray low state, the continuum emission largely disappears, and we see line emission from O, Ne, Mg, and Fe and possibly from Si and S. The emission lines are consistent with recombination lines from mostly hydrogenic and helium-like species, which could be produced by photoionization in an extended stellar wind. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Vrtilek, SD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP L139 EP L142 DI 10.1086/338733 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JF UT WOS:000172853000011 ER PT J AU Waller, TR AF Waller, TR TI Dhondtichlamys, a new name for Microchlamys Sobetski, 1977 (Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinidae), preoccupied by Microchlamys Cockerell, 1911 (Rhizopoda : Arcellinida) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB The Cretaceous pectinid subgenus name Chlamys (Microchlamys) Sobetski. 1977. is preoccupied by Microchlamys Cockerell, 1911, a protozoan. The new name Dhondtichlamys is introduced to replace the junior homonym. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Waller, TR (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 19 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 4 BP 858 EP 860 PG 3 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 506AP UT WOS:000172948000003 ER PT J AU Lemaitre, R Garcia-Gomez, J von Sternberg, R Campos, NH AF Lemaitre, R Garcia-Gomez, J von Sternberg, R Campos, NH TI A new genus and a new species of crab of the family Goneplacidae MacCleay, 1838 (Crustacea : Decapoda : Brachyura) from the tropical western Atlantic SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB A new monotypic genus, Nancyplax, and a new species, N. vossi, of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, are described from the southern Caribbean and northeastern coast of South America. Characters derived from male pleopods 1 and 2, and male abdomen-sternoabdominal cavity, allow Nancyplax to be assigned to the Euryplacinae Stimpson. The carapace in N. vossi, however, strongly resembles in overall conformation some species in the Carcinoplacinae H. Milne Edwards. In addition, N. vossi has a well developed stridulatory organ, a feature shared with only one other euryplacine species, some carcinoplacines, and some species in the Goneplacinae MacLeay. The mosaic habitus of Nancyplax precludes resolution of relationships with other euryplacine genera. Morphological similarities of N. vossi with species of Carcinoplax H. Milne Edwards, Psopheticus Wood-Mason, Psopheticoides Sakai, and Tri-zocarcinus Rathbun, are summarized. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Lemaitre, R (reprint author), Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Taxonomy Project, GenBank, NIH, Bldg 45,Rm 6An 18D-30, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 19 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 4 BP 951 EP 963 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 506AP UT WOS:000172948000013 ER PT J AU Carleton, MD Goodman, SM Rakotondravony, D AF Carleton, MD Goodman, SM Rakotondravony, D TI A new species of tufted-tailed rat, genus Eliurus (Muridae : Nesomyinae), from western Madagascar, with notes on the distribution of E-myoxinus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID MOUSE LEMURS; MICROCEBUS; RODENTS AB A new species of Elurius, E. antsingy (Muridae: Nesomyinae), is described from western Madagascar, only the second one of the genus so far known from this vast and biologically underexplored region of the island. The distribution of E. myoxinus, the other species known from western Madagascar, is also amplified on the basis of new collections that have been made over the past decade as interest in small mammals of this region is rekindling. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. WWF BP 738, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. Univ Antananarivo, Dept Anim Biol, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. RP Carleton, MD (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 19 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 4 BP 972 EP 987 PG 16 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 506AP UT WOS:000172948000015 ER PT J AU Krems, RV Nordholm, S AF Krems, RV Nordholm, S TI Projection-reduced close coupling calculations of cross sections for vibrational relaxation in collisions of diatomic molecules with atoms SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; PARTIAL-WAVE PARAMETER; STATES APPROXIMATION; VARIATIONAL CALCULATION; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; MAGNETIC TRANSITIONS; SCATTERING THEORY; F+H-2 REACTION; AR ATOMS; QUANTUM AB This work investigates the possibility of performing converged close coupling calculations of cross sections for vibrational relaxation in atom-diatom collisions with basis sets reduced by neglecting states with high values of angular momentum projection. The calculations for the Ar+HF system show that if the molecule is initially in the state with vibrational and rotational quantum numbers v=1, j(i), it may be possible to neglect states with projections of angular momentum greater than j(i) for all rotational levels in the basis set. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Krems, RV (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Nordholm, Sture/A-8506-2010 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 23 BP 10581 EP 10584 DI 10.1063/1.1427025 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 498WF UT WOS:000172536000002 ER PT J AU Springel, V White, SDM Tormen, G Kauffmann, G AF Springel, V White, SDM Tormen, G Kauffmann, G TI Populating a cluster of galaxies - I. Results at z=0 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : formation; dark matter ID DARK-MATTER HALOES; TULLY-FISHER RELATION; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; HIERARCHICAL UNIVERSE; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; FORMATION MODELS; RICH CLUSTERS; DISC GALAXIES; NUMERICAL RESOLUTION AB We simulate the assembly of a massive rich cluster and the formation of its constituent galaxies in a flat. low-density universe. Our most accurate model follows the collapse, the star formation history and the orbital motion of all galaxies more luminous than the Fornax dwarf spheroidal, while dark halo structure is tracked consistently throughout the cluster for all galaxies more luminous than the SMC. Within its virial radius this model contains about 2 x 10(7) dark matter particles and almost 5000 distinct dynamically resolved galaxies. Simulations of this same cluster at a variety of resolutions allow us to check explicitly for numerical convergence both of the dark matter structures produced by our new parallel N-body and substructure identification codes. and of the galaxy populations produced by the phenomenological models we use to follow cooling, star formation. feedback and stellar aging. This baryonic modelling is tuned so that our simulations reproduce the observed properties of isolated spirals outside clusters. Without further parameter adjustment our simulations then produce a luminosity function. a mass-to-light ratio, luminosity, number and velocity dispersion profiles, and a morphology-radius relation which are similar to those observed in real clusters. In particular, since our simulations follow galaxy merging explicitly, we can demonstrate that it accounts quantitatively for the observed cluster population of bulges and elliptical galaxies. C1 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Munich, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. RP Springel, V (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85740 Munich, Germany. EM vspringel@mpa-garching.mpg.de NR 110 TC 961 Z9 967 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2001 VL 328 IS 3 BP 726 EP 750 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04912.x PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505PW UT WOS:000172925600007 ER PT J AU Markevitch, M Vikhlinin, A AF Markevitch, M Vikhlinin, A TI Merger shocks in galaxy clusters A665 and A2163 and their relation to radio halos SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; galaxies : clusters : individual (A665, A2163); intergalactic medium; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID COMA-CLUSTER; TEMPERATURE; ABELL-665; EMISSION; ELECTRONS; SPECTRUM; PROFILES; ORIGIN AB We present Chandra gas temperature maps for two hot, intermediate-redshift clusters, A665 and A2163. Both show strong temperature variations in their central r = 0.5 h(-1) Mpc regions, naturally interpreted as products of the subcluster mergers. The A665 map reveals a shock in front of the cool core, while the temperature structure of A2163 is more complicated. On a larger linear scale, our data on A2163 indicate a radial temperature decline in agreement with earlier ASCA results, although the uncertainties are large. Both these clusters exhibit previously known synchrotron radio halos. Comparison of the radio images and the gas temperature maps indicates that radio emission predominantly comes from the hot gas regions, providing a strong argument in favor of the hypothesis that relativistic electrons are accelerated in merger shocks. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117810, Russia. RP Markevitch, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 44 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1086/323831 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JC UT WOS:000172852700009 ER PT J AU Ellison, DC Slane, P Gaensler, BM AF Ellison, DC Slane, P Gaensler, BM TI Broadband observations and modeling of the shell-type supernova remnant G347.3-0.5 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; gamma rays : observations; ISM : individual (G347.3-0.5); radio continuum : ISM; supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID NONLINEAR SHOCK ACCELERATION; EARTHS BOW SHOCK; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; X-RAY; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; KINETIC-THEORY; GAMMA-RAYS; EMISSION; ELECTRONS; TEV AB The supernova remnant G347.3-0.5 emits a featureless power law in X-rays, thought to indicate shock acceleration of electrons to high energies. We here produce a broadband spectrum of the bright northwest limb of this source by combining radio observations from the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), X-ray observations from the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA), and TeV gamma -ray observations from the CANGAROO imaging Cerenkov telescope. We assume that this emission is produced by an electron population generated by diffusive shock acceleration at the remnant forward shock. The nonlinear aspects of the particle acceleration force a connection between the widely different wavelength bands and between the electrons and the unseen ions, presumably accelerated simultaneously with the electrons. This allows us to infer the relativistic proton spectrum and estimate ambient parameters such as the supernova explosion energy, magnetic field, matter density in the emission region, and efficiency of the shock acceleration process. We find convincing evidence that the shock acceleration is efficient, placing greater than 25% of the shock kinetic energy flux into relativistic ions. Despite this high efficiency, the maximum electron and proton energies, while depending somewhat on assumptions for the compression of the magnetic field in the shock, are well below the observed "knee" at similar to 10(15) eV in the Galactic cosmic-ray spectrum. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ellison, DC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 55 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 1 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1086/323687 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JC UT WOS:000172852700018 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Slane, PO AF Chen, Y Slane, PO TI ASCA observations of the thermal composite supernova remnant 3C 391 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (3C 391, G31.9+0.0); radiation mechanisms : thermal; supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID FORMED DENSE SHELL; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MODELING W44; HOT INTERIOR; 3C-391; ABSORPTION; CONDUCTION; GRADIENT; EMISSION AB We present the results from ASCA observations of the centrally enhanced supernova remnant (SNR) 3C 391 (G31.9+0.0). We use the ASCA SIS data to carry out an investigation of the spatial and spectral properties of the X-ray emission from this remnant. The collisional equilibrium ionization and nonequilibrium ionization spectral fits indicate that the hot gas within the remnant has basically reached ionization equilibrium. The variation of the hydrogen column density across the remnant is in agreement with the presence of a molecular cloud to the northwest. The comparisons of hydrogen column and X-ray hardness between the northwest and southeast portions of the remnant support a scenario in which the SNR has broken out of a dense region into an adjacent region of lower density. The mean density within the SNR is observed to be much lower than the immediate ambient cloud density. This and the centrally brightened X-ray morphology can be explained either by the evaporation of engulfed cloudlets or by a radiative stage of evolution for the remnant. C1 Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 1 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1086/323886 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JC UT WOS:000172852700019 ER PT J AU Tomsick, JA Corbel, S Kaaret, P AF Tomsick, JA Corbel, S Kaaret, P TI X-ray observations of XTE J1550-564 during the decay of the 2000 outburst. I. Chandra and RXTE energy spectra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; stars : individual (XTE J1550-564); X-rays : bursts; X-rays : stars ID BLACK-HOLE CANDIDATES; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ASCA OBSERVATIONS; TIMING EXPLORER; 1998 OUTBURST; CRAB PULSAR; EMISSION; STATES AB We report on the evolution of the X-ray energy spectrum for the black hole candidate (BHC) X-ray transient XTE J1550-564 during the decay of the 2000 outburst. The Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and Chandra observations span nearly 5 orders of magnitude in luminosity. The RXTE spectra are dominated by a power-law component, and a comparatively weak soft component was also detected for the first two observations. The source made a transition to the canonical hard state near a luminosity of 9 x 10(36) ergs s(-1) over several observations, as evidenced by a drop in the flux of the soft component in the RXTE energy band and a hardening of the power-law component to a photon index near 1.6. The power law did not exhibit this behavior for the previous XTE J1550-564 outburst. For some observations, we detect a high-energy cutoff and find that the cutoff is more significant and at lower energy during the transition than in the hard state. The cutoff in the hard state is at higher energy than has been seen for most previous accreting BHCs. The Chandra spectrum provides evidence for spectral evolution after the hard-state transition. It is well, but not uniquely, described by a power law with a photon index of (90% confidence) and interstellar absorption. Advection-dominated accretion 2.30(-0.48)(+0.41) flow models predict gradual spectral softening as the luminosity drops, but our observations do not allow us to determine whether the spectral evolution is gradual or sudden. The lowest luminosity we measure for XTE J1550-564 with Chandra is 5 x 10(32) ergs s(-1) (0.5-7 keV, for a distance of 4 kpc). Although this is probably not the true quiescent luminosity, it represents a useful upper limit on this quantity. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Paris 07, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Ctr Etud Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tomsick, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, MS 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 60 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 1 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1086/323689 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JC UT WOS:000172852700022 ER PT J AU Kalemci, E Tomsick, JA Rothschild, RE Pottschmidt, K Kaaret, P AF Kalemci, E Tomsick, JA Rothschild, RE Pottschmidt, K Kaaret, P TI X-ray observations of XTE J1550-564 during the decay of the 2000 outburst. II. Timing SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; stars : individual (XTE J1550-564); X-rays : stars ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; RXTE OBSERVATIONS; GRO J1655-40; STATES; ACCRETION AB We investigate the timing behavior of XTE J1550-564 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer as the source made a transition to the hard state during the decay of the 2000 outburst. We detect a high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) at 65 Hz in one observation with a fractional rms amplitude of 4.9%. This is the first time that a high-frequency QPO has been detected in a transition to the hard state during outburst decay. We also observe low-frequency QPOs in the 0.36-4.1 Hz range and rich aperiodic variability. The changes in the temporal properties during the decay are very similar to the state transitions observed for other sources. We find a correlation between the low-frequency QPO and the break frequency in the continuum power spectra. We investigate the energy dependence of rms amplitudes of the QPOs. We compare these timing properties with those previously observed for XTE J1550-564 and other Galactic black hole candidates and discuss the implications for QPO models and black hole accretion. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kalemci, E (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, Code 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 1 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1086/323690 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JC UT WOS:000172852700023 ER PT J AU Ozel, F Psaltis, D Kaspi, VM AF Ozel, F Psaltis, D Kaspi, VM TI Constraints on thermal emission models of anomalous X-ray pulsars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : thermal; stars : magnetic fields; stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT G109.1-1.0; ULTRAMAGNETIZED NEUTRON-STAR; SOFT GAMMA-REPEATERS; 1E 2259+586; 4U-0142+61; CTB-109; 1E-1048.1-5937; 1E-2259+586; ATMOSPHERES; ABSORPTION AB Thermal emission from the surface of an ultramagnetic neutron star is believed to contribute significantly to the soft X-ray flux of the anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs). We compare the detailed predictions of models of the surface emission from a magnetar to the observed spectral and variability properties of AXPs. In particular, we focus on the combination of their luminosities and energy-dependent pulsed fractions. We use the results of recent calculations for strongly magnetized atmospheres in radiative equilibrium to obtain the angle- and energy-dependence of the surface emission. We also include in our calculations the significant effects of general relativistic photon transport to an observer at infinity as well as the effects of interstellar extinction. We find that the combination of the large pulsed fractions and the high inferred luminosities of AXPs cannot be accounted for by surface emission from a magnetar with two antipodal hot regions or a temperature distribution characteristic of a magnetic dipole. This result is robust for reasonable neutron star radii, for the range of magnetic field strengths inferred from the observed spin down rates, and for surface temperatures consistent with the spectral properties of AXPs. Models with a single hot emitting region can reproduce the observations, provided that the distance to one of the sources is similar to 30% less than the current best estimate, and allowing for systematic uncertainties in the spectral Dt of a second source. Finally, the thermal emission models with antipodal emission geometry predict a characteristic strong increase of the pulsed fraction with photon energy, which is apparently inconsistent with the current data. The energy-dependence of the pulsed fraction in the models with one hot region shows a wider range of behavior and can be consistent with the existing data. Upcoming high-resolution observations with Chandra and XMM-Newton will provide a conclusive test. C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Ozel, F (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 57 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 1 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1086/323777 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JC UT WOS:000172852700025 ER PT J AU Ozel, F AF Ozel, F TI Surface emission properties of strongly magnetic neutron stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : thermal; stars : atmospheres; stars : magnetic fields; stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID GAMMA-RAY REPEATERS; VARIABLE SPIN-DOWN; X-RAY; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; RADIATION; FIELDS; PULSARS; PLASMA; SCATTERING AB We construct radiative equilibrium models for strongly magnetized (B greater than or similar to 10(13) G) neutron star atmospheres taking into account magnetic free-free absorption and scattering processes computed for two polarization modes. We include the effects of vacuum polarization in our calculations. We present temperature profiles and the angle-, photon energy-, and polarization-dependent emerging intensity for a range of magnetic field strengths and effective temperatures of the atmospheres. We find that for B less than or similar to 10(14) G, the emerging spectra are bluer than the blackbody corresponding to the effective temperature T-eff with modified Planckian shapes because of the photon energy dependence of the magnetic opacities. However, vacuum polarization resonance significantly modifies the spectra for B similar to 10(15) G, giving rise to power-law tails at high photon energies. The angle dependence (beaming) of the emerging intensity has two maxima: a narrow (pencil) peak at small angles (less than or similar to 5 degrees) with respect to the normal and a broad maximum (fan beam) at intermediate angles (similar to 20 degrees- 60 degrees). The relative importance and the opening angle of the radial beam decreases strongly with increasing magnetic field strength and decreasing photon energy. We finally compute a T-eff -T-c relation for our models, where T-c is the local color temperature of the spectrum emerging from the neutron star surface, and find that T-c/T-eff ranges between 1.1 and 1.8. We discuss the implications of our results for various thermally emitting neutron star models. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Ozel, F (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 44 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 1 BP 276 EP 288 DI 10.1086/323851 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JC UT WOS:000172852700027 ER PT J AU Grindlay, JE Heinke, CO Edmonds, PD Murray, SS Cool, AM AF Grindlay, JE Heinke, CO Edmonds, PD Murray, SS Cool, AM TI Chandra exposes the core-collapsed globular cluster NGC 6397 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; globular clusters : individual (NGC 6397); novae, cataclysmic variables; pulsars : general; stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY SOURCES; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; NGC-6397; ATMOSPHERES; DISCOVERY; MULTIPLE AB We report results of the Chandra deep-imaging observation of the closest post-core-collapse globular cluster, NGC 6397. Some 25 sources are detected within 2' of the cluster center, of which similar to 20 are likely cluster members, with L-x greater than or similar to 3 x 10(29) ergs s(-1). The X-ray spectra suggest identifications with one quiescent low-mass X-ray binary (qLMXB) detected by the thermal emission from its neutron star (NS) and nine cataclysmic variables (CVs), eight of which are identified in our deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging survey (reported separately). Three (of 16) BY Dra main-sequence binary candidates identified in our earlier HST imaging study (Taylor et al.) are detected, of which one is indeed the counterpart of the eclipsing millisecond pulsar (MSP) as recently identified by Ferraro et al. Two other BY Dra candidates are also detected, whereas none of the probable He white dwarf (WD) binaries identified by Taylor et al. are, indicating they do not contain MSP primaries. The ratio of CVs to MSPs appears to be similar to 10 times greater than in 47 Tuc. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Grindlay, JE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Heinke, Craig/0000-0003-3944-6109 NR 26 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 1 BP L53 EP L56 DI 10.1086/338499 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JD UT WOS:000172852800013 ER PT J AU Moitinho, A Alves, J Huelamo, N Lada, CJ AF Moitinho, A Alves, J Huelamo, N Lada, CJ TI NGC 2362: A template for early stellar evolution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Hertzsprung-Russell diagram; open clusters and associations : individual (NGC 2362); stars : formation; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : pre-main-sequence ID LOW-MASS STARS; PHOTOMETRY; CLUSTERS; OBJECTS AB We present UBVRI photometry for the young open cluster NGC 2362. From analysis of the appropriate color-color and color-magnitude diagrams we derive the fundamental parameters of the NGC 2362 cluster to be age = 5(-2)(+1) Myr, distance = 1480 pc, and E(B-V) = 0.10 mag. The cluster age was independently determined for both high-mass (2.1-36 M(.)) and low-mass (0.7-1.2 M(.)) stars with excellent agreement between the ages derived using post-main-sequence (Girardi et al. 2000) and pre-main-sequence (Baraffe et al. 1998) evolutionary tracks for the high- and low-mass stars, respectively. Analysis of this cluster's color-magnitude diagram reveals a well-defined pre-main sequence (covering DeltaV similar to 9 mag in V and extending from early A stars to near the hydrogen-burning limit), which makes this cluster an ideal laboratory for pre-main-sequence evolution studies. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Observ Astron Nacl, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Moitinho, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Observ Astron Nacl, Apartado Postal 877, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. EM andrem@astrosen.unam.mx; jalves@eso.org; huelamo@mpe.mpg.de; clada@cfa.harvard.edu RI Moitinho de Almeida, Andre/L-1624-2015; Huelamo, Nuria/C-3042-2017; OI Moitinho de Almeida, Andre/0000-0003-0822-5995; Huelamo, Nuria/0000-0002-2711-8143; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 1 BP L73 EP L76 DI 10.1086/338503 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JD UT WOS:000172852800018 ER PT J AU Tamisiea, ME Mitrovica, JX Milne, GA Davis, JL AF Tamisiea, ME Mitrovica, JX Milne, GA Davis, JL TI Global geoid and sea level changes due to present-day ice mass fluctuations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TOPEX/POSEIDON ALTIMETER DATA; GLACIAL ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT; LATE PLEISTOCENE; MANTLE VISCOSITY; NORTH-AMERICA; LATE HOLOCENE; RISE; PREDICTIONS; TRENDS; SHEETS AB We predict gravitationally self-consistent global geoid and relative sea level (RSL) perturbations due to present-day melting of ice complexes, including the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets and a suite of mountain glaciers and ice sheets. Classic analyses of sea level change indicate that these perturbations will depart significantly from eustatic (i.e., geographically uniform) trends [e.g., Woodward, 1888; Farrell and Clark, 1976], although this result has not always been appreciated in modern analyses. Mass flux of individual ice reservoirs will produce unique geometries of sea level change, and this distinctiveness admits the possibility of using global geoid, sea surface, and RSL signatures of recent climate change to infer the ongoing mass balance of each reservoir rather than simply the net mass flux. As an example, we show that perturbations to the geoid arising from noneustatic water loads associated with each ice reservoir are sufficiently large (at low degrees) to be theoretically measurable within 5 years by the GRACE satellite mission. We complete the study by reanalyzing tide gauge data at 23 sites selected by Douglas [1997] in a recent analysis of global RSL rise. Traditionally, estimates of global sea level rise are generated by taking the mean of a set of secular tide gauge trends that have been corrected for the influence of ongoing glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) related to the late Pleistocene glacial cycles. The common assumption in such studies is that the geographic scatter in the residual, GIA-corrected trends is due to errors in the GIA model or unmodeled processes (e.g., tectonics). We consider a large suite of GIA model predictions and apply a least squares approach to the GIA-corrected tide gauge trends to estimate the weighting of various present-day sea level signatures. We find that the fit to the residual RSL trends is significantly improved and that the procedure is able to resolve a long-standing observation of anomalously low sea level rates in Europe. This preliminary analysis, which is relatively insensitive to changes in the assumed geometry of the present-day mass balance, assumes that ocean thermal expansion is globally uniform. However, the procedure can be easily extended to incorporate a realistic steric contribution once the geometry of the process is sufficiently well constrained. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tamisiea, ME (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM tamisiea@physics.utoronto.ca RI Davis, James/D-8766-2013 OI Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X NR 43 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 106 IS B12 BP 30849 EP 30863 DI 10.1029/2000JB000011 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 512JG UT WOS:000173320800029 ER PT J AU Covington, AM Aguilar, A Covington, IR Gharaibeh, M Shirley, CA Phaneuf, RA Alvarez, I Cisneros, C Hinojosa, G Bozek, JD Dominguez, I Sant'Anna, MM Schlachter, AS Berrah, N Nahar, SN McLaughlin, BM AF Covington, AM Aguilar, A Covington, IR Gharaibeh, M Shirley, CA Phaneuf, RA Alvarez, I Cisneros, C Hinojosa, G Bozek, JD Dominguez, I Sant'Anna, MM Schlachter, AS Berrah, N Nahar, SN McLaughlin, BM TI Photoionization of metastable O(+) ions: Experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC NITROGEN; CROSS-SECTIONS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; OXYGEN; EXCITATION; STATES AB High-resolution absolute experimental measurements and two independent theoretical calculations were performed for photoionization of O(+) ions from the (2)P(0) and (2)D(0) metastable levels and from the (4)S(0) ground state in the photon energy range 30-35.5 eV. This is believed to be the first comparison of experiment and theory to be reported for photoionization from metastable states of ions. While there is correspondence between the predicted and measured positions and relative strengths of the resonances, the cross-section magnitudes and fine structure are sensitive to the choice of basis states. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62131, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Covington, AM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, MS 220, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Sant'Anna, Marcelo/B-9355-2013; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Dominguez-Lopez, Ivan/B-6072-2016 OI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/0000-0001-5342-5799; Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Dominguez-Lopez, Ivan/0000-0001-8084-8711 NR 20 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 24 AR 243002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.243002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 500TD UT WOS:000172642100016 PM 11736500 ER PT J AU Binkley, DA AF Binkley, DA TI Spectacular display: The art of Nkanu initiation rituals SO AFRICAN ARTS LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum African Art, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Binkley, DA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum African Art, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PI LOS ANGELES PA AFRICAN STUDIES CNTR, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA SN 0001-9933 J9 AFR ARTS JI Afr. Arts PD WIN PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 BP 48 EP + DI 10.2307/3337806 PG 0 WC Art SC Art GA 542RN UT WOS:000175058300009 ER PT J AU Fauchald, K AF Fauchald, K TI Facial tubercles in scale worms (Aphroditacea; Polychaeta; Annelida). SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1440 EP 1441 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 529NX UT WOS:000174306500220 ER PT J AU Lessios, HA AF Lessios, HA TI Barriers to gene flow of shallow water tropical animals as detected by mitochondrial DNA. SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1504 EP 1505 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 529NX UT WOS:000174306500436 ER PT J AU Maslakova, SA Norenburg, JL AF Maslakova, SA Norenburg, JL TI Trochophore larva is plesiomorphic for nemerteans: evidence for prototroch in a basal nemertean Carinoma tremaphoros (Phylum Nemertea, Palaeonemertea). SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Norenburg, Jon/K-3481-2015 OI Norenburg, Jon/0000-0001-7776-1527 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1515 EP 1516 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 529NX UT WOS:000174306500473 ER PT J AU West-Eberhard, MJ AF West-Eberhard, MJ TI Bateson's dangerous idea: development as a factor in evolution. SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1623 EP 1623 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 529NX UT WOS:000174306500831 ER PT J AU Zigler, KS Lessios, HA AF Zigler, KS Lessios, HA TI Evolution of bindin in the pantropical sea urchin genus Tripneustes. SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1655 EP 1655 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 529NX UT WOS:000174306500933 ER PT J AU Plummer, T Ferraro, J Ditchfield, P Bishop, L Potts, R AF Plummer, T Ferraro, J Ditchfield, P Bishop, L Potts, R TI Late Pliocene Oldowan excavations at Kanjera South, Kenya SO ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID PLEISTOCENE C1 CUNY, CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Geol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Liverpool L3 5UX, Merseyside, England. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Plummer, T (reprint author), CUNY, CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. OI Bishop, Laura/0000-0002-4216-8667 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANTIQUITY PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA NEW HALL, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0DF, ENGLAND SN 0003-598X J9 ANTIQUITY JI Antiquity PD DEC PY 2001 VL 75 IS 290 BP 809 EP 810 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 504NV UT WOS:000172863500031 ER PT J AU Bartholomew, LJ Rose, JA Gaba, AE Caldwel, N AF Bartholomew, LJ Rose, JA Gaba, AE Caldwel, N TI Radial color gradients in K plus A galaxies in distant clusters of galaxies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : starburst ID H-ALPHA SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; SPIRAL GALAXIES; NEARBY CLUSTERS; FIELD GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; DENSITY; STARBURSTS; POPULATION AB Galaxies in rich clusters with z greater than or similar to 0.3 are observed to have a higher fraction of photometrically blue galaxies than their nearby counterparts. This raises the important question of what environmental effects can cause the termination of star formation between z approximate to 0.3 and the present. The star formation may be truncated because of ram pressure stripping, or the gas in the disk may be depleted by an episode of star formation caused by some external perturbation. To help resolve this issue, surface photometry was carried out for a total of 70 early-type galaxies in the cluster Cl 1358+62, at z similar to 0.33, using two-color images from the Hubble archive. The galaxies were divided into two categories based on spectroscopic criteria : 24 are type K + A (e.g., strong Balmer lines, with no visible emission lines), while the remaining 46 are in the control sample, with normal spectra. Radial color profiles were produced to see whether the K + A galaxies show bluer nuclei in relation to their surrounding disks. Specifically, a linear gradient was fitted to the radial color profile of each galaxy. We find that the K + A galaxies on average tend to have slightly bluer gradients toward the center than the normal galaxies. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test has been applied to the two sets of color gradients. The result of the test indicates that there is only a similar to2% probability that the K + A and normal samples are drawn from the same parent distribution. There is a possible complication from a trend in the apparent magnitude-versus-color gradient relation, but overall our results favor the centralized star formation scenario as an important process in the evolution of galaxies in dense clusters. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Bartholomew, LJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, CB 3255 Phillips Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 122 IS 6 BP 2913 EP 2922 DI 10.1086/324229 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505TT UT WOS:000172932200009 ER PT J AU Carney, BW Latham, DW Laird, JB Grant, CE Morse, JA AF Carney, BW Latham, DW Laird, JB Grant, CE Morse, JA TI A survey of proper-motion stars. XIV. Spectroscopic binaries among metal-poor field blue stragglers SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE binaries : spectroscopic; blue stragglers; Galaxy : halo ID SUBGIANT CH-STARS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER NGC-5053; NEUTRON-CAPTURE ELEMENTS; WHITE-DWARF COMPANION; UVBY-BETA PHOTOMETRY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LONG-LIVED STARS; BARIUM STARS; HIGH-VELOCITY; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD AB We summarize the results from a program of monitoring the radial velocities of 10 metal-poor, high-velocity field stars whose colors are 0.01 to 0.13 mag bluer than main-sequence turnoffs of comparable-metallicity globular clusters. Two of the candidate halo blue stragglers (BD +72 94 and BD +40 1166) show no signs of velocity variability, one (HD 84937) shows only weak signs of variability, one (BD +25 1981) appears to be a very long-period binary, and six (BD -12 2669, HD 97916, HD 106516, BD +51 1817, G66-30, and G202-65) are single-lined spectroscopic binaries, with periods ranging from 167 to 844 days. Velocity coverage for the four candidates without orbital solutions ranges from 15.9 to 19.0 years. The orbital eccentricities are all low, e <0.30 and [e] = 0.11. Five of the six binary orbits have very low eccentricities, with [e] = 0.07. We have reanalyzed the velocity data from Preston & Sneden and have derived orbital solutions similar to theirs for 10 of the spectroscopic binaries among their "bluemetal-poor" stars with [Fe/H] -0.6. We confirm their conclusion that the binary frequency is high; we find 47 +/- 10% if we include only the definite binaries with [Fe/H] less than or equal to -0.6. Our orbital solutions for the seven binaries with periods longer than 20 days all have low eccentricities, with e less than or equal to0.26 and [e] = 0.11. These orbital characteristics are very similar to the Ba II, CH, subgiant CH, and dwarf carbon stars, suggesting that mass transfer has been involved in their formation. Of the five binary stars in our program with published abundances of lithium, all have been found to be deficient (and one in beryllium as well). In contrast, two of the three apparently single stars have published lithium abundances and show no deficiency. The mass functions for the six binaries in our program and seven similar systems studied by Preston & Sneden are consistent with their unseen companions all being white dwarfs with M approximate to 0.55 M-. and random orbital inclinations. Taking all of our observations and those of others together, we argue that the results are consistent with all field blue stragglers being binary systems with long periods and low eccentricities, the primary stars being deficient in lithium and the secondary stars being normal-mass white dwarfs. All these properties are suggestive of a blue-straggler formation model that involves mass transfer. For six of the 13 stars in the two programs for which s-process elemental abundances are available, no signs of enhancement are discernible, suggesting that the donor star was a first-ascent red giant. For the star with the longest orbital period (1307 days), CS 22956-028, s-process abundance enhancements have been reported. This star may be a precursor to the subgiant CH class, as suggested by Luck & Bond. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Carney, BW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 108 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 122 IS 6 BP 3419 EP 3435 DI 10.1086/324233 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505TT UT WOS:000172932200043 ER PT J AU de Winter, D van den Ancker, ME Maira, A The, PS Djie, HRETA Redondo, I Eiroa, C Molster, FJ AF de Winter, D van den Ancker, ME Maira, A The, PS Djie, HRETA Redondo, I Eiroa, C Molster, FJ TI A photometric catalogue of southern emission-line stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : emission-line; stars : pre-main sequence; infrared : stars ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; LONG-TERM PHOTOMETRY; STANDARD STARS; ESO; VARIABILITY; VARIABLES AB We present a catalogue of previously unpublished optical and infrared photometry for a sample of 162 emission-line objects and shell stars visible from the southern hemisphere. The data were obtained between 1978 and 1997 in the Walraven (WULBV), Johnson/Cousins (UBV(RI)(c)) and ESO and SAAO near-infrared (JHKLM) photometric systems. Most of the observed objects are Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) stars or HAeBe candidates appearing in the list of HAeBe candidates of The et al. (1994), although several B[e] stars, LBVs and T Tauri stars are also included in our sample. For many of the stars the data presented here are the first photo-electric measurements in the literature. The resulting catalogue consists of 1809 photometric measurements. Optical variability was detected in 66 out of the 116 sources that were observed more than once. 15 out of the 50 stars observed multiple times in the infrared showed variability at 2.2 mum (K band). C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. TNO, TPD, NL-2600 AD Delft, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Inst Astron, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP de Winter, D (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, C-XI, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM dolf@xiada.ft.uam.es NR 27 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 380 IS 2 BP 609 EP 614 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011476 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 500HH UT WOS:000172620600024 ER PT J AU Abazajian, K Fuller, GM Tucker, WH AF Abazajian, K Fuller, GM Tucker, WH TI Direct detection of warm dark matter in the X-ray SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; elementary particles; neutrinos; X-rays : diffuse background; X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID SURFACE BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; STERILE NEUTRINOS; ROTATION CURVES; R-PARITY; MASS; CLUSTERS; TEMPERATURE; CONSTRAINTS; SPECTRUM AB We point out a serendipitous link between warm dark matter (WDM) models for structure formation on the one hand and the high-sensitivity energy range (1-10 keV) for X-ray photon detection on the Chandra and XMM-Newton observatories on the other. This fortuitous match may provide either a direct detection of the dark matter or the exclusion of many candidates. We estimate expected X-ray fluxes from field galaxies and clusters of galaxies if the dark matter halos of these objects are composed of WDM candidate particles with rest masses in the structure formation-preferred range (similar to1 to similar to 20 keV) and with small radiative decay branches. Existing observations lead us to conclude that for singlet neutrinos (possessing a very small mixing with active neutrinos) to be a viable WDM candidate they must have rest masses less than or similar to5 keV in the zero lepton number production mode. Future deeper observations may detect or exclude the entire parameter range for the zero lepton number case, perhaps restricting the viability of singlet neutrino WDM models to those where singlet production is driven by a significant lepton number. The Constellation X project has the capability to detect/exclude singlet neutrino WDM for lepton number values up to 10% of the photon number. We also consider diffuse X-ray background constraints on these scenarios. These same X-ray observations additionally may constrain parameters of active neutrino and gravitino WDM candidates. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Abazajian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 63 TC 201 Z9 201 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP 593 EP 604 DI 10.1086/323867 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LL UT WOS:000172572600002 ER PT J AU Di Francesco, J Myers, PC Wilner, DJ Ohashi, N Mardones, D AF Di Francesco, J Myers, PC Wilner, DJ Ohashi, N Mardones, D TI Infall, outflow, rotation, and turbulent motions of dense gas within NGC 1333 IRAS 4 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (NGC 1333 IRAS 4); ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : molecules; stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID PROTOSTELLAR COLLAPSE CANDIDATES; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; W51 MASSIVE CORES; STAR-FORMATION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DYNAMICAL COLLAPSE; NGC 1333; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; LINE-PROFILES AB Millimeter wavelength observations are presented of NGC 1333 IRAS 4, a group of highly embedded young stellar objects in Perseus, that reveal motions of infall, outflow, rotation, and turbulence in the dense gas around its two brightest continuum objects, 4A and 4B. These data have finest angular resolution of Delta2 " (0.0034 pc) and finest velocity resolution of 0.13 km s(-1). Infall motions are seen from inverse P Cygni profiles observed in H2CO 3(12)-2(11) toward both objects, but also in CS 3-2 and H2H+ 1-0 toward 4A, providing the least ambiguous evidence for such motions toward low-mass protostellar objects. Outflow motions are probed by bright line wings of H2CO 3(12)-2(11) and CS 3-2 observed at positions offset from 4A and 4B, likely tracing dense cavity walls. Rotational motions of dense gas are traced by a systematic variation of the N2H+ line velocities, and such variations are found around 4A but not around 4B. Turbulent motions appear reduced with scale, given N2H+ line widths around both 4A and 4B that are narrower by factors of 2 or 3 than those seen from single-dish observations. Minimum observed line widths of similar to0.2 km s(-1) provide a new low, upper bound to the velocity dispersion of the parent core to IRAS 4 and demonstrate that turbulence within regions of clustered star formation can be reduced significantly. A third continuum object in the region, 4B', shows no detectable line emission in any of the observed molecular species. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Mardones, Diego/I-5719-2016 NR 62 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP 770 EP 789 DI 10.1086/323854 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LL UT WOS:000172572600018 ER PT J AU Boss, AP Hartmann, LW AF Boss, AP Hartmann, LW TI Protostellar collapse in a rotating, self-gravitating sheet SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; hydrodynamics; ISM : clouds; planetary systems : formation; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks ID MOLECULAR CLOUD; DENSE CORES; DARK CLOUDS; FRAGMENTATION; DISKS; MODELS; ACCRETION; SOLAR AB We extend our previous calculations of the self-gravitational collapse of an initially sheetlike, non-rotating cloud to include rotation at a wide range of initial rates (10(-15) to 10(-13) rad s(-1)). The 1 M. clouds begin in hydrostatic equilibrium, appropriate for a spherical portion of an isothermal, infinite, self-gravitating flat layer, with symmetry about the midplane. Rotation is assumed to be about an axis perpendicular to the flat layer, allowing the calculations to retain axisymmetry about the rotation axis. The clouds are assumed to remain isothermal during the collapse phase that eventually results from the marginally unstable initial conditions. We find that large-scale infall motions build up during the first several free-fall times of evolution prior to the onset of the dynamic collapse phase, leading to subsonic inward-directed motions throughout the sheet, peaking at speeds of similar to0.1 km s(-1) at radii of similar to 2000 AU. The spherically averaged radial density profile of the cloud strongly resembles a Bonnor-Ebert sphere prior to this time, with a density contrast less than the critical ratio prior to the onset of collapse. We also find that rotating sheets collapse to form central protostars surrounded by infalling large-scale disklike envelopes, with surface density profiles sigma proportional to r(-1/2). C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Boss, AP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP 842 EP 851 DI 10.1086/323855 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LL UT WOS:000172572600023 ER PT J AU Hartmann, L Ballesteros-Paredes, J Bergin, EA AF Hartmann, L Ballesteros-Paredes, J Bergin, EA TI Rapid formation of molecular clouds and stars in the solar neighborhood SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE circumstellar matter; ISM : clouds; stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; ETA-CHAMAELEONTIS CLUSTER; SCORPIUS OB ASSOCIATION; SHOCK-COMPRESSED LAYERS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; AURIGA DARK CLOUDS; LOW-MASS STAR; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE AB We show how molecular clouds in the solar neighborhood might be formed and produce stars rapidly enough to explain stellar population ages, building on results from numerical simulations of the turbulent interstellar medium and general considerations of molecular gas formation. Observations of both star-forming regions and young, gas-free stellar associations indicate that most nearby molecular clouds form stars only over a short time span before dispersal; large-scale flows in the diffuse interstellar medium have the potential for forming clouds sufficiently rapidly and for producing stellar populations with ages much less than the lateral crossing times of their host molecular clouds. We identify four important factors for understanding rapid star formation and short cloud lifetimes. First, much of the accumulation and dispersal of clouds near the solar circle might occur in the atomic phase; only the high-density portion of a cloud's life cycle is spent in the molecular phase, thus helping to limit molecular cloud "lifetimes." Second, once a cloud achieves a high enough column density to form H-2 and CO, gravitational forces become larger than typical interstellar pressure forces; thus, star formation can follow rapidly upon molecular gas formation and turbulent dissipation in limited areas of each cloud complex. Third, typical magnetic fields are not strong enough to prevent rapid cloud formation and gravitational collapse. Fourth, rapid dispersal of gas by newly formed stars, passing shock waves, and reduction of shielding by a small expansion of the cloud after the first events of star formation might limit the length of the star formation epoch and the lifetime of a cloud in its molecular state. This picture emphasizes the importance of large-scale boundary conditions for understanding molecular cloud formation and implies that star formation is a highly dynamic, rather than quasi-static, process and that the low Galactic star formation rate is due to low efficiency rather than slowed collapse in local regions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hartmann@cfa.harvard.edu; javierbp@amnh.org; ebergin@cfa.harvard.edu NR 148 TC 371 Z9 371 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP 852 EP 868 DI 10.1086/323863 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LL UT WOS:000172572600024 ER PT J AU Boroson, B Kallman, T Vrtilek, SD AF Boroson, B Kallman, T Vrtilek, SD TI Hot outflowing gas from the X-ray binary Hercules X-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; stars : individual (Hercules X-1, HZ Herculis); ultraviolet : stars; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : individual (Hercules X-1, HZ Herculis) ID TELESCOPE IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION-LINES; MASS-TRANSFER; STELLAR WIND; HZ; ACCRETION; RADIATION; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS AB We present a unified picture of outflowing gas from the X-ray binary system Hercules X-1/HZ Herculis. We suggest that the outflowing gas (a wind) causes UV emission seen in mid-eclipse, narrow UV absorption lines, and broad UV P Cygni lines. Observations with the FOS and STIS spectrographs on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) show UV emission lines in the middle of X-ray eclipse, when the X-ray-heated atmosphere of the normal star and accretion disk should be entirely hidden from view. Narrow absorption lines (FWHM approximate to 50 km s(-1)) blueshifted by 500 km s(-1) during observations in 1998 and by 400 km s(-1) during observations in 1999 were seen from phi = 0 to 0.3. The line velocity was constant to within 20 km s(-1). The P Cygni profiles from Hercules X-1 have optical depths tau less than or similar to 1 with a maximum expansion velocity of approximate to 600 km s(-1), and are seen in the resonance lines N V lambda lambda 1238.8, 1242.8, Si IV lambda lambda 1393.7, 1402.8, and C IV lambda lambda 1548.2, 1550.8. We discuss whether this wind originates in the accretion disk or on the companion star, and how the relevant ions can survive X-ray ionization by the neutron star. C1 Claremont Coll, Joint Sci Dept, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Boroson, B (reprint author), Claremont Coll, Joint Sci Dept, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP 925 EP 935 DI 10.1086/323850 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LL UT WOS:000172572600030 ER PT J AU Corcoran, MF Swank, JH Petre, R Ishibashi, K Davidson, K Townsley, L Smith, R White, S Viotti, R Damineli, A AF Corcoran, MF Swank, JH Petre, R Ishibashi, K Davidson, K Townsley, L Smith, R White, S Viotti, R Damineli, A TI The Chandra HETGS X-ray grating spectrum of eta Carinae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; stars : early-type; stars : individual (eta Carinae); X-rays : stars ID EMISSION; NEBULA; BINARY; RATIO AB eta Carinae may be the most massive and luminous star in the Galaxy and is suspected to be a massive colliding-wind binary system. The Chandra X-ray observatory has obtained a calibrated high-resolution X-ray spectrum of the star, uncontaminated by the nearby extended soft X-ray emission. Our 89 ks Chandra observation with the High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) shows that the hot gas near the star is nonisothermal. The temperature distribution may represent the emission on either side of the colliding-wind bow shock, effectively "resolving" the shock. If so, the preshock wind velocities are similar to 700 and similar to 1800 km s(-1) in our analysis, and these velocities may be interpreted as the terminal velocities of the winds from eta Carinae and from the hidden companion star. The forbidden-to-intercombination ( f/i) line ratios for the He-like ions of S, Si, and Fe are large, indicating that the line-forming region lies far from the stellar photosphere. The iron fluorescent line at 1.93 Angstrom first detected by ASCA, is clearly resolved from the thermal iron line in the Chandra grating spectrum. The Fe fluorescent line is weaker in our Chandra observation than in any of the ASCA spectra. The Chandra observation also provides an uninterrupted, high time resolution light curve of the stellar X-ray emission from eta Carinae and suggests that there was no significant coherent variability during the Chandra observation. The eta Carinae Chandra grating spectrum is unlike recently published X-ray grating spectra of single massive stars in significant ways and is generally consistent with colliding-wind emission in a massive binary. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Natl Res Council, Lab Astron & Space Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale, Area Ric Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron & Geofis, BR-04301904 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Corcoran, MF (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 7501 Forbes Blvd,Suite 206, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. RI Damineli, Augusto/D-8210-2012; Swank, Jean/F-2693-2012 OI Damineli, Augusto/0000-0002-7978-2994; NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP 1031 EP 1037 DI 10.1086/323322 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LL UT WOS:000172572600040 ER PT J AU Bensch, F Pak, I Wouterloot, JGA Klapper, G Winnewisser, G AF Bensch, F Pak, I Wouterloot, JGA Klapper, G Winnewisser, G TI Detection of (CO)-C-13-O-17 and observations of rare CO isotopomers toward the rho Ophiuchi molecular cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : evolution; ISM : individual (rho Ophiuchi); ISM : molecules; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances ID INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ZETA-OPHIUCHI; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ABUNDANCES; RATIO; C-12/C-13; OXYGEN; FRACTIONATION; GALAXY AB We report the detection of (CO)-C-13-O-17 and present observations of three additional rare CO isotopomers made toward core C of the rho Ophiuchi molecular cloud. The data encompass single-pointed observations of the J = 1 --> 0 and J = 2 --> 1 rotational transitions for (CO)-O-18, (CO)-O-17, (CO)-C-13-O-17, and the J = 1 --> 0 transition for (CO)-C-13-O-18. Emission is detected for all isotopes and transitions observed. For the two O-17-containing species, the interstellar spectra display a partially resolved hyperfine spectrum due to the I = 5/2 spin of the O-17 nucleus. The isotope abundance ratios derived from these measurements are [C-12]/[C-13] = 65.0 +/- 6.3( stat) +/-9.2(syst) and [O-18]/[O-17] = 4.15 +/- 0.52(stat) +/- 0.59( syst), consistent with recent measurements for nearby molecular clouds. Thus, our measurements support the idea that both ratios are smaller in the local interstellar medium (ISM) than their terrestrial values of 89 and 5.5. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Spect, Troitsk 142190, Russia. Univ Bonn, Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Bensch, F (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Phys, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. NR 32 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP L185 EP L188 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LM UT WOS:000172572700018 ER PT J AU Butt, YM Torres, DF Combi, JA Dame, T Romero, GE AF Butt, YM Torres, DF Combi, JA Dame, T Romero, GE TI Is the supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946 a hadronic cosmic-ray accelerator? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; ISM : clouds; supernova remnants ID MOLECULAR CLOUDS; HIGH-ENERGY; GAMMA-RADIATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EGRET SOURCES; MILKY-WAY; SN 1006; EMISSION; ORIGIN; CONFINEMENT AB The nonthermal supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7-3946 has recently been shown to be a site of cosmic-ray (CR) electron acceleration to TeV energies. Here we present evidence that this remnant is also accelerating CR nuclei. Such energetic nuclei can interact with ambient interstellar gas to produce high-energy gamma rays via the decay of neutral pions. We associate the unidentified EGRET GeV gamma-ray source, 3EG J1714-3857, with a very massive (similar to3 x 10(5) M(.)) and dense (similar to 500 nucleons cm(-3)) molecular cloud interacting with SNR RX J1713.7-3946. Direct evidence for such interaction is provided by observations of the lowest two rotational transitions of CO molecules in the cloud; as in other clear cases of interaction, the CO (J = 2 --> 1)/CO (J = 1 --> 0) ratio is significantly enhanced. Since the cloud is of low radio and X-ray brightness, electrons cannot be responsible for the bulk of the GeV emission there. A picture thus emerges in which both electrons and nuclei are being accelerated by the SNR: whereas the relativistic electrons dominate the local nonthermal radio, X-ray, and TeV emission, the shock-accelerated CR protons and ions (hadrons) are exposed through their interactions in the adjacent massive cloud, leading to the observed GeV emission via the gamma decay of neutral pions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Argentino Radioastron, RA-1894 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Butt, YM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016 OI Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065 NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP L167 EP L171 DI 10.1086/324592 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LM UT WOS:000172572700014 ER PT J AU Markevitch, M Vikhlinin, A Mazzotta, P AF Markevitch, M Vikhlinin, A Mazzotta, P TI Nonhydrostatic gas in the core of the relaxed galaxy cluster A1795 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual (Abell 1795); intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies ID RAY-EMITTING GAS; X-RAY; DYNAMICS; SAMPLE AB Chandra data on A1795 reveal a mild edge-shaped discontinuity in the gas density and temperature in the southern sector of the cluster at r = 60 h(-1) kpc. The gas inside the edge is 1.3-1.5 times denser and cooler than outside, while the pressure is continuous, indicating that this is a "cold front," the surface of contact between two moving gases. The continuity of the pressure indicates that the current relative velocity of the gases is near zero, making the edge appear to be in hydrostatic equilibrium. However, a total mass profile, derived from the data in this sector under the equilibrium assumption, exhibits an unphysical jump by a factor of 2, with the mass inside the edge being lower. We propose that the cooler gas is "sloshing" in the cluster gravitational potential well and is now near the point of maximum displacement, where it has zero velocity but nonzero centripetal acceleration. The distribution of this nonhydrostatic gas should reflect the reduced gravity force in the accelerating reference frame, resulting in the apparent mass discontinuity. Assuming that the gas outside the edge is hydrostatic, the acceleration of the moving gas can be estimated from the mass jump, a similar to 800 h km s(-1) (10(8) yr)(-1). The gravitational potential energy of this gas that is available for dissipation is about half of its current thermal energy. The length of the cool filament extending from the cD galaxy (Fabian et al.) may give the amplitude of the gas sloshing, 30-40 h(-1) kpc. Such gas bulk motion might be caused by a disturbance of the central gravitational potential by past subcluster infall. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117810, Russia. RP Markevitch, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016 OI Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748 NR 24 TC 137 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP L153 EP L156 DI 10.1086/337973 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LM UT WOS:000172572700011 ER PT J AU McNamara, BR Wise, MW Nulsen, PEJ David, LP Carilli, CL Sarazin, CL O'Dea, CP Houck, J Donahue, M Baum, S Voit, M O'Connell, RW Koekemoer, A AF McNamara, BR Wise, MW Nulsen, PEJ David, LP Carilli, CL Sarazin, CL O'Dea, CP Houck, J Donahue, M Baum, S Voit, M O'Connell, RW Koekemoer, A TI Discovery of ghost cavities in the X-ray atmosphere of Abell 2597 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cooling flows; galaxies : clusters : general; intergalactic medium; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID EMITTING GAS; RADIO LOBES; CLUSTER GAS; CYGNUS-A; GALAXIES AB A Chandra image of the central 100 kpc of the Abell 2597 cluster of galaxies shows bright irregular X-ray emission within the central dominant cluster galaxy (CDG) and two low surface brightness cavities located 30 kpc from the nucleus of the CDG. Unlike the cavities commonly seen in other clusters, the "ghost" cavities in Abell 2597 are not coincident with the bright central radio source. Instead, they appear to be associated with faint extended radio emission seen in a deep Very Large Array radio map. We interpret the ghost cavities as buoyantly rising relics of a radio outburst that occurred between 50 and 100 Myr ago. The demography of cavities in the few clusters studied thus far shows that galactic radio sources experience recurrent outbursts on an similar to 100 Myr timescale. Over the lifetime of a cluster, ghost cavities emerging from CDGs deposit greater than or similar to 10(59)-10(61) ergs of energy into the intracluster medium. If a significant fraction of this energy is deposited as magnetic field, it would account for the high field strengths in the cooling flow regions of clusters. The similarity between the central cooling time of the keV gas and the radio cycling timescale suggests that feedback between cooling gas and the radio source may be retarding or quenching the cooling flow. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP McNamara, BR (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RI Donahue, Megan/B-5361-2012; OI Houck, John/0000-0002-6761-6796; Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Voit, Gerard/0000-0002-3514-0383 NR 24 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP L149 EP L152 DI 10.1086/338326 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LM UT WOS:000172572700010 ER PT J AU Narayan, R Medvedev, MV AF Narayan, R Medvedev, MV TI Thermal conduction in clusters of galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conduction; cooling flows; galaxies : clusters : general; magnetic fields ID COOLING FLOWS; HEAT-CONDUCTION; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; M87 AB We estimate the thermal conductivity of a weakly collisional magnetized plasma with chaotic magnetic field fluctuations. When the fluctuation spectrum extends over two or more decades in wavevector, we find that thermal conduction is very efficient; the conduction coefficient is only a factor of similar to5 below the classical Spitzer estimate. We suggest that conduction could play a significant role in cooling flows in clusters of galaxies. C1 Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. RP Narayan, R (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 26 TC 203 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 2 BP L129 EP L132 DI 10.1086/338325 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LM UT WOS:000172572700005 ER PT J AU Tardif, SD Power, M Oftedal, OT Power, RA Layne, DG AF Tardif, SD Power, M Oftedal, OT Power, RA Layne, DG TI Lactation, maternal behavior and infant growth in common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus): effects of maternal size and litter size SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reproductive investment; lactation; marmoset; litter size; maternal size ID COLUMBIAN GROUND-SQUIRRELS; TAMARIN SAGUINUS-OEDIPUS; ENERGY ALLOCATION; SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; LIFE-HISTORY; BODY-WEIGHT; HOUSE MICE; REPRODUCTION; COSTS; MILK AB We examined the relationship between lactation performance and infant growth in a captive population of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) that varied in both maternal and litter size. Though common marmosets display a typical primate pattern of dilute milk and relatively slow infant growth rates (factors associated with low daily lactation investment and minimal maternal size effects), we hypothesized that the marmoset's small body size would make lactation investment more sensitive to maternal size than is true for larger-bodied primates. Smaller mothers rearing twins had lower milk fat, lower gross energy in milk samples collected in mid to late lactation and lower nursing-bout frequencies than did large mothers nursing twins. Lactation performance and maternal behavior did not differ between large and small mothers when rearing singletons, with a single exception: small mothers had a lower gross energy in mid-lactation milk samples. Relative growth rates in twins but not singletons were affected by maternal size, such that small mothers supported more growth per infant when rearing singletons while large mothers supported more growth per infant when rearing twins. Among the larger mothers, only, older mothers supported somewhat, though not significantly, less growth per infant, regardless of litter size. Twin infants of small mothers appeared to respond to below-optimal levels of milk yield by initiating maternal carrying less often. The relative energy intake of mothers was similar regardless of litter or maternal size. Small mothers rearing twins drew more heavily on reserves, reflected in a linear weight loss during lactation; however, the reserves drawn upon were inadequate to meet the lactation demand, resulting in lower milk energy output. In addition, small mothers rearing twins were more likely to be ill and less likely to be fertile in the year following lactation than were large mothers of twins or mothers of any size rearing singletons. C1 Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Zool Res, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Tardif, SD (reprint author), SW Reg Primate Res Ctr, POB 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. NR 43 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 51 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 507NP UT WOS:000173034800003 ER PT J AU Toller, WW Rowan, R Knowlton, N AF Toller, WW Rowan, R Knowlton, N TI Zooxanthellae of the Montastraea annularis species complex: Patterns of distribution of four taxa of Symbiodinium on different reefs and across depths SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; SYMBIOTIC DINOFLAGELLATES ZOOXANTHELLAE; ALEXANDRIUM DINOPHYCEAE; CORAL-REEFS; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; STRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; TREES AB Corals of the Montastraea annularis complex host several different dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium. Here we address two questions arising from our previous studies of these associations on an offshore reef. First, do the same taxa and patterns of association (Symbiodinium A and B found in higher irradiance habitats than Symbiodinium C) occur on an inshore reef? Second, does M. franksi at the limits of its, depth range host only Symbiodinium C, as it does at intermediate depths? In both surveys, a new Symbiodinium taxon and different patterns of distribution (assayed by analyses of small ribosomal subunit RNA genes [srDNA]) were observed. Inshore, a taxon we name Symbiodinium E predominated in higher irradiance habitats in M. franksi and its two sibling species; the only other zooxanthella observed was Symbiodinium C. Offshore, M. franksi mainly hosted Symbiodinium C, but hosted Symbiodinium A, B, C, and E in shallow water and Symbiodinium E and C in very deep water. Symbiodinium E may be stress-tolerant. Observed srDNA heterogeneity within samples of Symbiodinium B, C, and E is interpreted as variation across copies within this multigene family. Experimental bleaching of Symiodinium C supported this interpretation. Thus sequences from natural samples should be interpreted cautiously. C1 Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div 0202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Rowan, R (reprint author), Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. NR 46 TC 141 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 20 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL JI Biol. Bull. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 201 IS 3 BP 348 EP 359 DI 10.2307/1543613 PG 12 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 508LL UT WOS:000173090100005 PM 11751247 ER PT J AU Toller, WW Rowan, R Knowlton, N AF Toller, WW Rowan, R Knowlton, N TI Repopulation of zooxanthellae in the Caribbean corals Montastraea annularis and M-faveolata following experimental and disease-associated bleaching SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SAN-BLAS ISLANDS; REEF CORALS; SYMBIOTIC ALGAE; SYMBIODINIUM-MICROADRIATICUM; COELENTERATES; DINOPHYCEAE; PERSISTENCE; CIRCULATION; TRIDACNIDS; SUCCESSION AB Caribbean corals of the Montastraea annularis species complex associate with four taxa of symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae; genus Symbiodinium) in ecologically predictable patterns. To investigate the resilience of these host-zooxanthella associations, we conducted field experiments in which we experimentally reduced the numbers of zooxanthellae (by transplanting to shallow water or by shading) and then allowed treated corals to recover. When depletion was not extreme, recovering corals generally contained the same types of zooxanthellae as they did prior to treatment. After severe depletion, however, recovering corals were always repopulated by zooxanthellae atypical for their habitat (and in some cases atypical for the coral species). These unusual zooxanthellar associations were often (but not always) established in experimentally bleached tissues even when adjacent tissues were untreated. Atypical zooxanthellae were also observed in bleached tissues of unmanipulated Montastraea with yellow-blotch disease. In colonies where unusual associations were established, the original taxa of zooxanthellae were not detected even 9 months after the end of treatment. These observations suggest that zooxanthellae in Montastraea range from fugitive opportunists and stress-tolerant generalists (Symbiodinium A and E) to narrowly adapted specialists (Symbiodinium B and Q, and may undergo succession. C1 Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div 0202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Rowan, R (reprint author), Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. NR 53 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 27 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL JI Biol. Bull. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 201 IS 3 BP 360 EP 373 DI 10.2307/1543614 PG 14 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 508LL UT WOS:000173090100006 PM 11751248 ER PT J AU Leimgruber, P McShea, WJ Brookes, CJ Bolor-Erdene, L Wemmer, C Larson, C AF Leimgruber, P McShea, WJ Brookes, CJ Bolor-Erdene, L Wemmer, C Larson, C TI Spatial patterns in relative primary productivity and gazelle migration in the Eastern Steppes of Mongolia SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Mongolian gazelle; ungulate migration; primary productivity; Steppe; NDVI ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LONG-TERM; SYNCHRONY; PARTURITION; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; SHEEP; BIRTH AB The Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) of the Eastern Steppes of Mongolia shows seasonal migrations to traditional winter and calving grounds with diffuse movements during the intervening periods. We used a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), derived from coarse-resolution satellite imagery, to map relative primary productivity of steppes between April 1992 and December 1995. Productivity peaks were variable between years, but winter, and calving grounds had highest NDVI scores during periods of use by gazelles. Gazelle movements to these areas track shifts in primary productivity across the steppe. Diffuse movements in summer were not matched to peaks in productivity. Productivity 'hotspots' utilized by gazelles during critical periods in their life cycle should be first priority for conservation and the impact of livestock grazing on these areas should be evaluated. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Eastern Steppes Biodivers Project, Choibalsan, Dornod, Mongol Peo Rep. RP Leimgruber, P (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RI Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 NR 34 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 102 IS 2 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00041-6 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 481TR UT WOS:000171536800007 ER PT J AU Wright, SJ Duber, HC AF Wright, SJ Duber, HC TI Poachers and forest fragmentation alter seed dispersal, seed survival, and seedling recruitment in the palm Attalea butyraceae, with implications for tropical tree diversity SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Attalea butyraceae; barro Colorado island; bruchidae; dasyprocta punctata; habitat fragmentation; janzen-connell hypothesis; palm; panama ID PROECHIMYS-SEMISPINOSUS; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; SPINY RATS; PREDATION; RODENT; ISLANDS; COEXISTENCE; HYPOTHESIS; ABUNDANCE AB We examined the interaction between a palm and two bruchid beetles along with several mammal species to explore how poachers and habitat fragmentation may indirectly alter the spatial pattern of seed dispersal, seed predation, and seedling recruitment in central Panama. The large, stony endocarps of Attalea butyraceae decay slowly and bear distinctive scars when opened by rodents or beetles. We determined the final distance between endocarps and reproductive trees (which we call an ecologically effective dispersal distance), the predation status of each endocarp, and the distance between seedlings and reproductive trees. The 68 focal trees were divided among 14 sites and four levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Levels of disturbance included full protection from poachers, light and heavy pressure from poachers, and small island habitat fragments. Ecologically effective seed dispersal distances were greatest for protected sites, intermediate for lightly poached sites, and shortest for heavily poached sites and habitat fragments. Seed predation by rodents increased with distance to the nearest reproductive Attalea and was greatest for fully protected sites, intermediate for lightly poached sites, and least for heavily poached sites and habitat Fragments. Seed predation by beetles reversed the patterns described for seed predation by rodents. Total seed predation by beetles and rodents combined was independent of distance, greatest for fully protected sites, and lower for poached sites and habitat fragments. Seedling densities were always greatest close to reproductive trees; however, the increase in seedling densities close to reproductive trees was minimal for fully protected sites, clearly evident for poached sites, and pronounced for habitat Fragments. Increased seedling recruitment near conspecific trees may in time reduce tree diversity where humans disrupt mammal communities. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Wright, SJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 46 TC 113 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 31 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 2001 VL 33 IS 4 BP 583 EP 595 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2001.tb00217.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514TC UT WOS:000173456300005 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, NE TI Wallacea Baly, a valid name in the hispinae (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst NHB 168, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20506 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst NHB 168, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20506 USA. RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA PO BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 55 IS 4 BP 410 EP 410 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2001)055[0410:SN]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 511GN UT WOS:000173256400003 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Williamson, GB AF Laurance, WF Williamson, GB TI Positive feedbacks among forest fragmentation, drought, and climate change in the Amazon SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; LAND-USE CHANGE; TROPICAL FORESTS; EASTERN AMAZON; RAIN-FOREST; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TREE MORTALITY; FIRE; DEFORESTATION AB The Amazon basin is experiencing rapid forest loss and fragmentation, Fragmented forests are more prone than intact forests to periodic damage from El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) droughts, which cause elevated tree mortality, increased litterfall, shifts in plant phenology, and other ecological changes, especially near forest edges, Moreover, positive feedbacks among forest loss, fragmentation, fire, and regional climate change appear increasingly likely Deforestation reduces plant evapotranspiration, which in turn constrains regional rainfall, increasing the vulnerability of forests to fire. Forest fragments are especially vulnerable because they have dry, fire-prone edges, are logged frequently, and often are adjoined by cattle pastures, which are burned regularly. The net result is that there may be a critical "deforestation threshold" above which Amazonian rainforests can no longer be sustained, particularly in relatively seasonal areas of the basin. Global warming could exacerbate this problem if it promotes drier climates or stronger ENSO droughts. Synergisms among many simultaneous environmental changes are posing unprecedented threats to Amazonian forests. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Bot, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama. RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 57 TC 148 Z9 158 U1 9 U2 76 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1529 EP 1535 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.01093.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 501PA UT WOS:000172692900012 ER PT J AU Steeves, TE Darling, JD Rosel, PE Schaeff, CM Fleischer, RC AF Steeves, T. E. Darling, J. D. Rosel, P. E. Schaeff, C. M. Fleischer, R. C. TI Preliminary analysis of mitochondrial DNA variation in a southern feeding group of eastern North Pacific gray whales SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Eschrichtius robustus; mtDNA control region; sex ratio; site-fidelity AB Although the majority of eastern North Pacific (ENP) gray whales migrate to feeding grounds in the Bering and Chukchi Seas, some terminate the migration in more southerly areas such as British Columbia (BC). Long-term sighting studies in Clayoquot Sound (CS), BC, indicate that approximately 35-50 individuals exhibit long-term fidelity to this site. To determine the sex composition (based on genetic sexing) of CS gray whales and to assess whether matrilineal site-fidelity occurs in CS, we collected skin biopsy samples from 16 CS individuals ('residents') and 41 samples from other areas (representative of the overall population in the ENP: 'non-residents'). A total of 27 polymorphic sites defined 24 haploytpes among the 57 samples sequenced for HV1 of the mtDNA control region. The nucleotide and haplotype diversities of these samples were 0.017 (SE = 0.0012) and 0.94 (SE = 0.0019), respectively. Neighbor-joining analysis revealed five lineages each of which contained haplotypes that were observed in both residents and non-residents. Residents did not differ significantly from non-residents, and no significant sex-ratio bias was found. These data suggest a level of diversity that is inconsistent with a severe historical bottleneck, and given the available sample size, do not indicate matrilineally directed fidelity to Clayoquot Sound. C1 [Steeves, T. E.; Schaeff, C. M.] American Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Steeves, T. E.; Fleischer, R. C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Mol Genet Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Darling, J. D.] W Coast Whale Res Fdn, Vancouver, BC V6C 3L2, Canada. [Rosel, P. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Steeves, TE (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Biol, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM steevest@biology.queensu.ca OI Schaeff, Catherine/0000-0003-3728-9402 FU CBP; West Coast Whale Research Foundation; Friends of the National Zoo; American University; Lerner-Gray Fund for Marine Research; NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We gratefully acknowledge the many individuals and organizations who contributed substantially to different aspects of the study. We thank Lance Barrett-Lennard for his technical advice regarding biopsy sampling; Josie Cleland and everyone at the Clayoquot Biosphere Project (CBP) for logistical support in the office and in the field; Kelly Robertson at the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) for her expertise regarding permits; NMFS SWFSC, the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and Sea World Parks for providing archived samples; Per Palsboll and Barb Taylor for useful discussion regarding data analysis; John Calambokidis for providing data regarding the southern feeding group. Special thanks to Bob Brownell, Phil Clapham and Per Palsboll for comments on the manuscript. This project was made possible through support from CBP, the West Coast Whale Research Foundation, the Friends of the National Zoo, the American University (Faculty Research Grant and Helmlinge Fund), the Lerner-Gray Fund for Marine Research and NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center. Samples in Canada were collected under a research permit issued to JDD by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans; they were imported by NMFS SWFSC and are currently archived there. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 2 IS 4 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1023/A:1012590315579 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA V22NQ UT WOS:000208282300007 ER PT J AU Luhr, JF AF Luhr, JF TI Glass inclusions and melt volatile contents at Paricutin Volcano, Mexico SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE SOLUBILITIES; RIDGE BASALTIC LIQUIDS; CALC-ALKALINE; WESTERN MEXICO; SULFUR SPECIATION; WAVELENGTH SHIFTS; OXIDATION-STATE; WATER; MAGMAS; CALIBRATION AB Olivine-hosted glass inclusions were investigated from tephra samples erupted at Paricutin volcano on four different dates: May 26 and August 1, 1943; January 23, 1945; and March 31, 1948. These dates span the first two thirds of the 9 year eruption, during which time the tephra/lava mass-eruption rate fell dramatically. They also span the strong whole-rock compositional shift of 1947, attributed to the increased importance of crustal contamination. Nine of the 26 analyzed glass inclusions have lower SiO2 contents than any previously analyzed Paricutin lava sample, ranging to below 53 wt%. These silica-poor glasses are found in olivines erupted in 1943 and 1945, and provide evidence for melts that are parental to the main Paricutin lava suite. Total water contents in the glass inclusions measured by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy vary considerably in all individual samples, with a total range of 1.8-4.0 wt%. Total water contents are not correlated with SiO2 of the glass, Mg# of the adjacent host olivine, or eruption date. Only two glass inclusions have carbonate contents (248 and 296 ppm CO2) above the FTIR detection limit of similar to 50 ppm CO2; importantly, these inclusions also have the highest total water contents and among the highest SO3t values. These two inclusions were trapped at minimum depths of 9.0-9.6 km beneath the volcano. Thus, early degassing likely stripped most carbon from Paricutin melts at mid-crustal levels. Other glass inclusions yield minimum entrapment depths of 1.3-5.1 km based on water solubility limits. Total sulfur (0.30 to 0.01 Wt% SO3) declines as SiO2 contents increase from 52.7 to 60.5 wt%. This trend and the wide range of glass inclusion total water contents are interpreted to reflect degassing accompanied by fractional crystallization and assimilation at upper crustal levels. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Luhr, JF (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, NHB-119, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 79 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 142 IS 3 BP 261 EP 283 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 505MV UT WOS:000172917300001 ER PT J AU Tur, NA Smirnov, JP Huber, BT AF Tur, NA Smirnov, JP Huber, BT TI Late Albian-Coniacian planktic foraminifera and biostratigraphy of the northeastern Caucasus SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Caucasus; Upper Albian; Cenomanian; Turonian; Coniacian; planktic foraminifera; biostratigraphy; Cenomanian/Turonian boundary AB This paper presents a considerably revised biostratigraphy for Upper Albian through Coniacian pelagic limestone and shale sequences in the northeastern Caucasus region based primarily on planktic foraminiferal distributions. The use of concentrated acetic acid for the extraction of microfossils from the hard limestones has yielded a much more detailed planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy than has been documented previously. Because of the low latitude location of the study area the high diversity assemblages contain many of the biomarkers used to identify standard Tethyan biozones ranging from the Rotalipora appenninica Zone through the Dicarinella concavata Zone. A key result of this study is the recognition of an apparently continuous Cenomanian/Turonian boundary interval within a laminated, dark marl that is enriched in organic carbon. Extinction of the single-keeled rotaliporids corresponds with the onset of deposition of the laminated marl beds. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 All Russian Geol Inst, VSEGEI, St Petersburg 199106, Russia. Museum Local Lore Hist & Econ, Stavropol 355000, Russia. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Tur, NA (reprint author), All Russian Geol Inst, VSEGEI, Sredny Pr 74, St Petersburg 199106, Russia. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 EI 1095-998X J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 6 BP 719 EP 734 DI 10.1006/cres.2001.0295 PG 16 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 535KM UT WOS:000174643700005 ER PT J AU Williamson, CE Neale, PJ Grad, G De Lange, HJ Hargreaves, BR AF Williamson, CE Neale, PJ Grad, G De Lange, HJ Hargreaves, BR TI Beneficial and detrimental effects of UV on aquatic organisms: Implications of spectral variation SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biological weighting function; Daphnia pulicaria; dissolved organic carbon; environmental gradients; lake optics; ozone depletion; spectral composition of solar radiation; ultraviolet radiation; UV-A and UV-B, relative damage to aquatic organisms; Zooplankton, tolerance of UV radiation ID NM INDUCED MORTALITY; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PERCA-FLAVESCENS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MARINE ZOOPLANKTON; VERTICAL MIGRATION; B PENETRATION; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; YELLOW PERCH; LAKES AB Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may have beneficial as well as detrimental effects on living systems. For example, UV-B radiation (280-320 nm) is generally damaging, while UV-A radiation (320-400 nm) may cause damage or stimulate beneficial photorepair of UV-B damage. The nature of both direct and indirect effects of UVR in nature depends on both the photon flux density and the spectral composition of the radiation incident on aquatic organisms across environmental UVR gradients in space (depth, transparency, elevation) and time (diel, seasonal, interannual). Here we use the common and widespread freshwater cladoceran Daphnia pulicaria as a model organism to demonstrate the potential importance of these wavelength-specific effects of UVR to the ecology of aquatic organisms. UVR-exposure experiments are used to manipulate both natural solar and artificial UVR sources to examine the beneficial as well as detrimental effects of different wavelengths of UVR. Changes in the spectral composition of solar radiation are also examined along several natural environmental gradients including diel gradients, depth gradients, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) gradients. The implications of variation in the spectral composition of UVR for aquatic organisms are discussed. The first biological weighting function (BWF) for a freshwater cladoceran is presented here. It demonstrates that the shortest UV-B wavelengths in sunlight are potentially the most damaging per photon. However, due to the greater photon flux density of longer wavelength UVR in sunlight, the net potential damage to Daphnia in nature is greatest for the longer wavelength UV-B and shorter wavelength UV-A radiation in the 305-322 nm range. Overall the contribution of UV-B to the total mortality response of Daphnia exposed to full-spectrum solar radiation for 7 h on a sunny summer day is 64% while UV-A contributes 36%. The BWF for Daphnia is used with the transmission spectrum for Mylar D to demonstrate that Mylar D cuts out only about half of the damaging UVR in sunlight. Following exposure to damaging UV-B, Daphnia exhibits a dramatic increase in survival in the presence of longer wavelength UV-A and visible radiation due to the stimulation of photoenzymatic repair. We present data that demonstrate the importance of both atmospheric ozone and DOC in creating strong environmental gradients in the intensity (irradiance) and spectral composition of solar UVR in nature. The light-absorbing component of DOC, chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), is particularly important in creating depth refugia from damaging UV-B in freshwater ecosystems. CDOM may also cause intense variations in the ratio of potentially beneficial UV-A to detrimental UV-B radiation to which aquatic organisms are exposed. In addition to changes in atmospheric ozone, future changes in CDOM related to climate change or other environmental disturbances may substantially alter the underwater exposure of a variety of aquatic organisms to different wavelengths of solar UVR. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Williamson, CE (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 31 Williams Dr, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012 NR 65 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 5 U2 49 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1843 EP 1857 DI 10.2307/3061100 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 497LJ UT WOS:000172456700022 ER PT J AU Hubbell, SP Ahumada, JA Condit, R Foster, RB AF Hubbell, SP Ahumada, JA Condit, R Foster, RB TI Local neighborhood effects on long-term survival of individual trees in a neotropical forest SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE autologistic regression; Barro Colorado Island; Panama; survival; tropical forests ID SPATIAL PATTERNS; MONTE-CARLO; DIVERSITY; RECRUITMENT; MODELS; HEIGHT AB The survival of approximately 235 000 individual tropical trees and saplings in the 50 ha permanent plot on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama was analyzed over a 13-year interval (1982-1995) as a function of four biotic neighborhood variables: (i) total stem density; (ii) conspecific density; (iii) relative plant size; and (iv) relative species richness. These neighborhood variables were measured in annular rings of width 2.5 m, extending 30 m from a given focal plant, and in one more distant annulus at 47.5-50 m. Because survival was spatially autocorrelated, a Gibbs sampler and a Monte Carlo Markov chain method were used for fitting an autologistic regression model to obtain unbiased estimates of parameter variances for hypothesis testing. After pooling all species at the community level, results showed that all four variables had significant and often strong effects on focal plant survival. Three of the four variables had negative effects on focal plant survival; relative plant size was the only variable with a positive effect (18% increase in the survival odds ratio). The variables with a negative effect on the survival odds ratio, in order of their effect strength in the nearest annulus, were: stem density (a 70% reduction in the survival odds ratio), conspecific density (50% reduction) and species richness (13% reduction). A guild-level analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity among guilds in their responses to these variables. For example, survival of gap species showed a much larger positive response to relative plant size than did survival of shade-tolerant species. Survival of shrub species was positively affected by conspecific density, but canopy tree survival was negatively affected. Conspecific density negatively affected survival of rare species much more strongly than survival of common species. The neighborhood effects of conspecific density disappear within approximately 12-15 m of the focal plant. Although locally strong, the rapid spatial decay of these effects raises unanswered questions about their quantitative contribution to the maintenance of tree diversity on landscape scales in the BCI forest. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Balboa, Panama. Field Museum, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Ahumada, JA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 37 TC 152 Z9 169 U1 4 U2 43 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 16 IS 5 BP 859 EP 875 DI 10.1046/j.1440-1703.2001.00445.x PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537FE UT WOS:000174747500005 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Albernaz, AKM Da Costa, C AF Laurance, WF Albernaz, AKM Da Costa, C TI Is deforestation accelerating in the Brazilian Amazon? SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Amazon; Brazil; deforestation; development policy; population growth; tropical rain forest ID TROPICAL FORESTS; LAND-USE; FIRE; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; CARBON AB Recent studies suggest that deforestation rates in the Brazilian Amazon could increase sharply in the future as a result of over US$ 40 billion in planned investments in highway paving and major new infrastructure projects in the region. These studies have been challenged by several Brazilian ministries, which assert that recent improvements in environmental laws, enforcement and public attitudes have fundamentally reduced the threat posed to forests by such projects. The notion that hazards to Amazonian forests have declined over the last decade was assessed using available data on deforestation rates from 1978 to 2000. Although the alarmingly high rate of forest loss during 1978-1989 (1.98 million ha yr(-1)) declined somewhat in 1990-1994 (1.38 million ha yr(-1)), it rebounded to a high level in the period 1995-2000 (1.90 million ha yr(-1)). Moreover, correlation and regression analyses reveal that both absolute and per caput rates of forest loss accelerated significantly over the last decade. These trends fail to support the assertion that deforestation pressure in Amazonian forests has been brought under control. Poor enforcement of existing environmental laws, rapidly expanding logging and mining industries, increasing population pressure and other challenges are greatly hindering efforts to limit the environmental impacts of development activities in Brazilian Amazonia. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Biol Dynam Forest Framents Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama. RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Albernaz, Ana Luisa/K-5226-2012 NR 59 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 28 IS 4 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1017/S0376892901000339 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 538YQ UT WOS:000174843100003 ER PT J AU Mitrovica, JX Milne, GA Davis, JL AF Mitrovica, JX Milne, GA Davis, JL TI Glacial isostatic adjustment on a rotating earth SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE 3-D crustal deformations; Earth's rotation; geodesy; glacial rebound; sea level ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; COMPUTING 3-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATIONS; POLAR WANDER; LOWER MANTLE; PLEISTOCENE DEGLACIATION; SPECTRAL FORMALISM; INVERSE PROBLEM; SURFACE LOADS; VISCOSITY; RHEOLOGY AB We extend and complete previous work to compute the influence of perturbations to the rotation vector on a suite. of observables associated with glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). We emphasize observables relevant to present and future geodetic missions (for example, present-day 3-D crustal motions, relative sea-level change and geoid or absolute sea-level variations). Our calculations adopt spherically symmetric, self-gravitating, Maxwell viscoelastic earth models while incorporating realistic mass (ice plus ocean) load and rotation variations. The predicted rotation-induced signals are dominated by the influence of true polar wander (TPW). The spatial geometry of the TPW-induced relative sea level, geoid and radial velocity fields is primarily that of a degree two, order one surface spherical harmonic. The spatial variation of the horizontal velocity vectors is given by the gradient of this harmonic. The peak radial and horizontal velocities are of the order of 0.5 mm yr(-1). however, we show that this value is sensitive to the adopted profile of mantle viscosity. We also demonstrate that an accurate prediction of TPW-induced sea level and 3-D crustal deformation rates requires that a realistic number of glacial cycles be incorporated into the ice load history. We conclude that geodetic observations of the GIA process should be analysed using a GIA theory valid for a rotating planet. Finally, we also consider variations in rotation driven by simple present-day polar melting scenarios and predict the influence of these variations on a suite of geophysical observables. We find that the rotational feedback associated with Greenland melting is capable of significantly perturbing both relative and absolute sea-level variations. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mitrovica, JX (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RI Davis, James/D-8766-2013 OI Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X NR 61 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 147 IS 3 BP 562 EP 578 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246x.2001.01550.x PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 505FX UT WOS:000172903700006 ER PT J AU Haberstich, D AF Haberstich, D TI Paris in 3D: From stereoscopy to virtual reality 1850-2000 SO HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Haberstich, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-7298 J9 HIST PHOTOGR JI Hist. Photogr. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 25 IS 4 BP 393 EP 394 PG 2 WC Art SC Art GA 502LG UT WOS:000172744600013 ER PT J AU Chiu, K Neufeld, DA Bergin, EA Melnick, GJ Patten, BM Wang, Z Bockelee-Morvan, D AF Chiu, K Neufeld, DA Bergin, EA Melnick, GJ Patten, BM Wang, Z Bockelee-Morvan, D TI Post-perihelion SWAS observations of water vapor in the coma of Comet C/1999 H1 (Lee) SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE comets; composition ID WAVE-ASTRONOMY-SATELLITE; RADIO TELESCOPES; HALE-BOPP; JCMT; IRAM AB We have monitored the 1(10)-1(01) pure rotational transition of water vapor near 557 GHz toward Comet C/1999 H1 (Lee) over the period 1999 September 5 through 1999 December 8, using the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite. The measured antenna temperatures implied water production rates that declined from 3.2 x 10(28) s(-1) on 1999 September 5-8 to 1.2 x 1028 s(-1) on 1999 September 25-28. No statistically significant detections of water emission were obtained after 1999 September 28. These post-perihelion observations are consistent with a steady decline in the water production rate, Q(H2O), with increasing heliocentric distance, R-h, that can be fit with a power law Q(H2O) = 1.45 X 10(29) (R-h/AU)(-5.5) s(-1) over the range R-h = 1.3-1.7 AU. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Chiu, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2001 VL 154 IS 2 BP 345 EP 349 DI 10.1006/icar.2001.6706 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 541ZC UT WOS:000175016200011 ER PT J AU McGovern, C AF McGovern, C TI Image makers: Advertising, public relations, and the ethos of advocacy. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McGovern, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 88 IS 3 BP 1145 EP 1146 DI 10.2307/2700522 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 509JY UT WOS:000173145700133 ER PT J AU Taylor, SS Leonard, ML Boness, DJ AF Taylor, SS Leonard, ML Boness, DJ TI Foraging trip duration increases for Humboldt Penguins tagged with recording devices SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMPEROR PENGUINS; ADELIE PENGUINS; ATTACHMENT; BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE; ECOLOGY; GENTOO; WINTER AB Marine animals equipped with data recording devices sometimes show changes in their foraging behaviour, which can indicate an adverse effect of the instrument. We attached time-depth recorders (TDRs) and radio-transmitters to study foraging behaviour in Humboldt Penguins Spheniscus humboldti and observed an increase in the duration of foraging trips. We suggest that further tagging of this endangered species be approached with caution since this increase in trip duration may negatively affect reproductive and foraging success. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Lima 18, Peru. RP Taylor, SS (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 32 IS 4 BP 369 EP 372 DI 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2001.320413.x PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 517BT UT WOS:000173591800013 ER PT J AU Waterhouse, JS Hudson, M Pickett, JA Weldon, PJ AF Waterhouse, JS Hudson, M Pickett, JA Weldon, PJ TI Volatile components in dorsal gland secretions of the white-lipped peccary, Tayassu pecari, from Bolivia SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dorsal gland; white-lipped peccary; Tayassu pecari; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; springene; farnesyl esters; phenols ID RAIN-FOREST PECCARIES; TAJACU AB Secretions from the dorsal gland of male and female free-ranging adult white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) from Bolivia were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty compounds were identified, some provisionally. Secretions of both sexes contain saturated and unsaturated C-5-C-18 carboxylic acids as well as isomers of the diterpene springene. The females' secretions uniquely possess farnesyl esters of C-8 and C-10 carboxylic acids, whereas the males' secretions uniquely showed two compounds provisionally identified as monounsaturated C-16 lactones, Saturated high-molecular-weight esters of C-10 carboxylic acids are more abundant in the females' secretions than in those of the males. The secretions of both sexes also contain monoalkanoate esters of methylhydroquinone as major components. C1 Anglia Polytech Univ, Environm Sci Res Ctr, Cambridge CB1 1PT, England. IACR Rothamsted, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Smithsonian Inst, Conservat Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Waterhouse, JS (reprint author), Anglia Polytech Univ, Environm Sci Res Ctr, East Rd, Cambridge CB1 1PT, England. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 27 IS 12 BP 2459 EP 2469 DI 10.1023/A:1013675431162 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 508AE UT WOS:000173063800006 PM 11789952 ER PT J AU Shumaker, RW Palkovich, AM Beck, BB Guagnano, GA Morowitz, H AF Shumaker, RW Palkovich, AM Beck, BB Guagnano, GA Morowitz, H TI Spontaneous use of magnitude discrimination and ordination by the orangutan (Bongo pygmaeus) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHIMPANZEES PAN-TROGLODYTES; NUMERICAL COMPETENCE; SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATIONS; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; PONGO-PYGMAEUS; NUMBER; NUMEROSITY; PERCEPTION; QUANTITY; ANIMALS AB The ability to discriminate quantity is descriptive of general cognitive ability. In this study, the authors presented 2 orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) with a quantity judgment task. Each trial consisted of 2 choices, ranging from 1 to 6 food items in each. The orangutan chose 1 of the quantities, which was removed, and the remaining array was given as a reward. In contrast to chimpanzees previously tested on the same task (S. T. Boysen & G. G. Berntson, 1995; S. T. Boysen, G. G. Berntson; M. B. Hannan, & J. T. Cacioppo, 1996; S. T. Boysen, K. L. Mukobi, & G. G. Berntson, 1999); the orangutans optimized their performance. Orangutans, therefore, attend to differences in magnitude and can spontaneously use ordinality. Results also suggest a cognitive difference between chimpanzees and orangutans. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Krasnow Inst Adv Study, Fairfax, VA USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Shumaker, RW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20008 USA. NR 37 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 6 U2 13 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7036 J9 J COMP PSYCHOL JI J. Comp. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 115 IS 4 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1037//0735-7036.115.4.385 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Zoology GA 513WA UT WOS:000173402200007 PM 11824901 ER PT J AU Harms, KE Condit, R Hubbell, SP Foster, RB AF Harms, KE Condit, R Hubbell, SP Foster, RB TI Habitat associations of trees and shrubs in a 50-ha neotropical forest plot SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental heterogeneity; maintenance of species diversity; niche differentiation; spatial autocorrelation; specialization ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; LANDSCAPE-SCALE DISTRIBUTIONS; VIROLA-SURINAMENSIS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; SPECIALIZATION; COMPETITION; POPULATION AB 1 Tests of habitat association among species of tropical trees and shrubs often assume that individual stems can be treated as independent sample units, even though limited dispersal conflicts with this assumption by causing new recruits to occur near maternal parents and siblings. 2 We developed methods for assessing patterns of association between mapped plants and mapped habitat types that explicitly incorporate spatial structure, thereby eliminating the need to assume independence among stems. 3 We used these methods to determine habitat-association patterns for 171 species of trees and sh-rubs within the permanent 50-ha Forest Dynamics Project plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. 4 Many fewer significant habitat associations result from the new methods than from traditional, but inappropriate, chi-square tests. The low-lying plateau, the most extensive habitat on the 50-ha plot, had nine species positively associated with it and 19 species negatively associated, leaving 143 species whose distributions were not biased with respect to this habitat. A small swamp in the plot was the most distinct habitat, with 32 species positively and 20 species negatively associated, leaving more than two-thirds of the species neither positively nor negatively associated. 5 To the extent that habitat association reflects habitat specialization, our results suggest that local habitat specialization plays a limited role in the maintenance of species diversity in this forest. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Harms, KE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM keh27@cornell.edu NR 73 TC 357 Z9 422 U1 19 U2 126 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 89 IS 6 BP 947 EP 959 DI 10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00615.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 505QB UT WOS:000172926100004 ER PT J AU Kerr, RB Garcia, R He, X Noto, J Lancaster, RS Tepley, CA Gonzalez, SA Friedman, J Doe, RA Lappen, M McCormack, B AF Kerr, RB Garcia, R He, X Noto, J Lancaster, RS Tepley, CA Gonzalez, SA Friedman, J Doe, RA Lappen, M McCormack, B TI Periodic variations of geocoronal Balmer-alpha brightness due to solar-driven exospheric abundance variations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; LINE-PROFILES; LYMAN-BETA; EMISSION; MODELS; EXCITATION; DENSITY; RATES; CYCLE AB Measurements of the geocoronal Balmer-alpha (H-alpha) brightness have been made at the Arecibo Observatory during 11 separate periods since 1983 using both a Fabry-Perot interferometer and a tilting filter photometer. The tilting filter photometer is calibrated for absolute sensitivity using a constant brightness source traceable to National Institute of Standards and Techniques (NIST) standards and is used to cross-calibrate the Fabry-Perot interferometer. Since the observational technique has not changed since 1983, and since the data analyses technique are uniform, these data provide a measure of the solar cycle variation of H-alpha, brightness at Arecibo. Unlike earlier studies, we discern no systematic discrepancy between the H-alpha brightness and estimates of the solar Lyman-beta flux that pumps the resonant fluorescent H-alpha emission. Rather, we conclude that geocoronal hydrogen abundance is generally (but not always) larger than models suggest, although not systematically so. The largest H-alpha emission is measured during solar minimum conditions, when brightness is approximately 50% greater than during solar maximum conditions, for measurements at solar depression angles from 15degrees to 35degrees. Above about 40degrees solar depression (corresponding to an illuminated column with a base at approximately 2000 kin), no solar cycle variation is evident, and the brightness there is persistently greater than models. Intricacies of the Lyman-beta radiative transport problem make detection of an early morning maximum of hydrogen density near the exobase difficult using brightness data alone, although the H-alpha brightness is generally asymmetric with respect to local midnight, with brighter emission in the postmidnight sector. Studies of the semidiurnal (nighttime) variation demonstrate that the H-alpha brightness can vary by a factor of 2 over a period of days. C1 Sci Solut Inc, N Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. Cornell Univ, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00613 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kerr, RB (reprint author), Sci Solut Inc, 55 Middlesex St,Unit 210, N Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. RI Gonzalez, Sixto/G-1982-2011; Friedman, Jonathan/E-4985-2011 OI Gonzalez, Sixto/0000-0001-5544-1426; Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-9353-2377 NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A12 BP 28797 EP 28817 DI 10.1029/1999JA900186 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519LV UT WOS:000173728500002 ER PT J AU Kerr, RB Garcia, R He, X Noto, J Lancaster, RS Tepley, CA Gonzalez, SA Friedman, J Doe, RA Lappen, M McCormack, B AF Kerr, RB Garcia, R He, X Noto, J Lancaster, RS Tepley, CA Gonzalez, SA Friedman, J Doe, RA Lappen, M McCormack, B TI Secular variability of the geocoronal Balmer-alpha brightness: magnetic activity and possible human influences SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXOSPHERIC HYDROGEN DENSITY; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; LINE-PROFILES; EMISSION; EXCITATION; INCREASE; MODELS; RATES AB Measurements of the geocoronal Balmer-alpha (H-alpha) brightness taken between 1983 and 1994 at the Arecibo Observatory (18.35degrees N, 66.75degrees W) occasionally display aperiodic brightness variations that we attribute to a local response of exospheric hydrogen abundance to geomagnetic activity. Approximately twofold H-alpha brightness enhancements in the days following moderate storm onset conditions are demonstrated, and the absolute brightness during these events is significantly greater than modeled brightness based on quiet geomagnetic conditions. Although there are no direct measurements of the line center solar Lyman beta (Ly beta) flux that pumps H-alpha during these events, the magnitude of the brightness enhancements and the temporal reproducibility of the phenomena (following onset of all storms in our data) make it likely that the enhanced H-alpha brightness is due to enhanced column abundances of hydrogen in the exosphere above Arecibo and not to sporadic increases in the solar Ly beta flux. Increased hydrogen abundance due to thermal expansion of the midlatitude atmosphere following propagation of the auroral heating event cannot account for the entire enhancement. The data also suggest that H-alpha brightness has become systematically stronger from 1984 to 1994, independent of solar cycle variability or variations due to geomagnetic activity. An increase of similar to3% per year, may be attributable to real change in the geocoronal hydrogen column abundance during the period, and is possibly a consequence of increasing hydrogenous species concentrations in the lower atmosphere. The enhancement of geocoronal H-alpha brightness between 1984 and 1994 may be the consequence of increasing methane in the troposphere and may signal that the effects of methane deposition in the lower atmosphere have propagated throughout the atmosphere. C1 Sci Solut Inc, N Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. Cornell Univ, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00613 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kerr, RB (reprint author), Sci Solut Inc, 55 Middlesex St,Unit 210, N Chelmsford, MA 01863 USA. RI Friedman, Jonathan/E-4985-2011; Gonzalez, Sixto/G-1982-2011 OI Friedman, Jonathan/0000-0002-9353-2377; Gonzalez, Sixto/0000-0001-5544-1426 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A12 BP 28819 EP 28829 DI 10.1029/1999JA900187 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 519LV UT WOS:000173728500003 ER PT J AU Englund, RA Polhemus, DA AF Englund, R. A. Polhemus, D. A. TI Evaluating the effects of introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on native stream insects on Kauai Island, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF INSECT CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Megalagrion; Odonata; introduced species impacts; tropical streams; aquatic insects AB Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and other salmonids have been widely stocked into upland streams throughout the world to provide a basis for sport fisheries, but the effects of such introductions on indigenous and endemic aquatic insect assemblages are poorly documented. In this study, we examine the impact of rainbow trout on the indigenous and endemic entomofauna of upland streams in Kokee State Park, Kauai, Hawaii, with particular emphasis on the potential threat trout pose to populations of endemic damselflies in the genus Megalagrion. Rainbow trout were introduced into the upland streams of Kauai beginning in the 1920s, with over 60 years of subsequent restocking. This study indicates, however, that streams in this area still maintain diverse populations of Megalagrion damselflies and other indigenous and endemic aquatic insects, both in catchments containing naturally reproducing trout populations and in catchments lacking rainbow trout. Our results indicate that the indigenous and endemic aquatic insect communities in the streams under study compare favorably in terms of density and taxonomic richness with other isolated and unimpacted streams elsewhere in Hawaii, and retain high densities and relative percentages of indigenous and endemic aquatic insect taxa. Our results demonstrate that the threats posed by conspicuous introduced species such as trout should not simply be assumed a priori on the basis of postulated negative interactions, because this may divert limited resources from programs aimed at control of other, potentially more destructive introduced taxa such as inconspicuous poeciliid fishes. C1 [Englund, R. A.; Polhemus, D. A.] Bernice P Bishop Museum, Hawaii Biol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. [Polhemus, D. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Englund, RA (reprint author), Bernice P Bishop Museum, Hawaii Biol Survey, 1525 Bernice St, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. EM englund@bishopmuseum.org NR 39 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1366-638X J9 J INSECT CONSERV JI J. Insect Conserv. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 5 IS 4 BP 265 EP 281 DI 10.1023/A:1013331525088 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA V23VK UT WOS:000208370100004 ER PT J AU Florentine, FA Hillman, JJ AF Florentine, FA Hillman, JJ TI Unique lighting enables NASA infrared camera to analyze the Star Spangled Banner SO JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The Smithsonian's National Museum of American History has embarked on a preservation project for the Star Spangled Banner, the Flag that inspired the national anthem. The Flag is approximately 8 x 11 m (26 x 36 ft). To full understand the physical state of this national icon, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center imaged and analyzed the Hag with a camera normally used for ground-based astronomy and future space missions, which was sensitive to the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The camera, Acoustic-Optic Imaging Spectrometer (AimS), required unique lighting to record its images while not damaging the national treasure. The project's goal was to measure the distribution of moisture and oil stains in the wool fibers of the Flag. The lighting solution - providing infrared light without causing harm to the fabric - combined experts from many disciplines. In cooperation with the lighting designer, NASA Goddard's camera group took sample lighting luminaires and analyzed the optics. The Goddard group also performed its own transmission curve analysis of various filters to determine the most optimum filterfor the AimS system. This paper will present those findings of each analysis phase. Implementation of the lighting for the two-weeks of photography included a motorized lighting system to adjust the vertical height of the luminaires and a dimming system that enabled the camera operators to illuminate I sq m of the Hag while photographing. Seventy-two separate image cubes were made each containing up to 100 images. This paper will summarize the findings of the project. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Florentine, FA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ILLUMINAT ENG SOC NORTH AMER PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL ST, 17TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10005-4001 USA SN 0099-4480 J9 J ILLUM ENG SOC JI J. Illum. Eng. Soc. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1 BP 17 EP + PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 750TV UT WOS:000187015100002 ER PT J AU Wood, C Ballou, JD Houle, CS AF Wood, C Ballou, JD Houle, CS TI Restoration of reproductive potential following expiration or removal of melengestrol acetate contraceptive implants in golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE melengestrol acetate; contraception; captive breeding; population management; golden lion tamarin; Callitrichid ID POPULATIONS AB Although reversible contraception is important to successful management of small populations, there are concerns about the reversibility of melengestrol acetate (MGA), the most commonly used implant in captive animals. Female golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) placed in potential breeding situations after surgical MGA implant removal showed a 75% return to reproduction within 2 yr, unlike golden-headed tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas), which have had a 29% return to reproduction following implant removal. This rate was indistinguishable from the breeding probability for newly formed pairs involving nonimplanted females. Litter size, stillbirth rate, and infant survival rate were not significantly different between nonimplanted and implant-removed female golden lion tamarins. However, females with implants left in (and assumed to have expired) showed higher stillbirth and infant mortality rates than did females with implants removed. For seven female golden lion tamarins for which reproductive histories before and after MGA implantation were available, litter size was unaffected by MGA implantation and subsequent removal. Infant survival rate for these females appeared to be lower after removal but was indistinguishable from rates in the nonimplanted females. Prior reproductive experience, length of time with an implant, and age of the females did not affect the probability of breeding for females after removal of the implants. Overall, breeding probability of nonimplanted females declined with age. Although the results of this study confirm the reversibility of MGA implants in golden lion tamarins, there appear to be some effects on viability of offspring, particularly offspring born to females with implants left in and presumed expired. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Wood, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 32 IS 4 BP 417 EP 425 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 580AH UT WOS:000177211500001 PM 12785695 ER PT J AU Modesto, S Sidor, CA Rubidge, BS Welman, J AF Modesto, S Sidor, CA Rubidge, BS Welman, J TI A second varanopseid skull from the Upper Permian of South Africa: implications for Late Permian 'pelycosaur' evolution SO LETHAIA LA English DT Article AB Late Permian terrestrial faunas of South Africa and Russia are dominated taxonomically and ecologically by therapsid synapsids. On the basis of a single specimen from the Upper Permian of South Africa, the varanopseid Elliotsmithia longiceps is the sole basal synapsid ('pelycosaur') known from Gondwana. Recent fieldwork in the Upper Permian of South Africa has produced a second varanopseid specimen that is referrable to Elliotsmithia. Data from both this specimen and the holotype suggest that Elliotsmithia forms a clade with Mycterosaurus from the Lower Permian of North America and Mesenosaurus from the Upper Permian of Eastern Europe. That postulate is supported by the three most parsimonious trees discovered in a new analysis of varanopseid phylogeny. However, the available data cannot resolve the interrelationships of these three genera. The new phylogenetic results contrast with earlier work identifying Elliotsmithia as the basal member of a clade that includes the North American taxa Aerosaurus, Varanops, and Varanodon. The new trees reduce the stratigraphic debt required by the latter scenario, and the one with the least stratigraphic debt identifies Elliotsmithia and Mesenosaurus as sister taxa. Two new taxa are erected, Mycterosaurinae and Varanodontinae, for the two varanopseid subclades. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Bernard Price Inst Palaeontol Res, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Natl Museum, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. RP Modesto, S (reprint author), Carnegie Museum Nat Hist, Sect Vertebrate Paleontol, 4400 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0024-1164 J9 LETHAIA JI Lethaia PD DEC PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 BP 249 EP 259 PG 11 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 499VH UT WOS:000172590700001 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, M AF Kalfatovic, M TI Online with the show SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kalfatovic, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD WIN PY 2001 SU S BP 32 EP 35 PG 4 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 393AM UT WOS:000166447000020 ER PT J AU Waycott, M Barnes, PAG AF Waycott, M Barnes, PAG TI AFLP diversity within and between populations of the Caribbean seagrass Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BANKS EX KONIG; POSIDONIA-AUSTRALIS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; FLORIDA BAY; ZOSTERA-MARINA; TURTLE GRASS; POLYMORPHISM; RAPD; GROWTH; FLOW AB Genetic variation was assessed in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum from three regions of the Caribbean and north Atlantic using allozyme electrophoresis and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Very low allozyme variability was detected among the 196 shouts analyzed from a range of sites in the San Blas region of Panama. AFLP markers detected high similarity (0.87) among the population samples surveyed from Bermuda and Panama across six AFLP primer pairs and over 260 banding positions. High levels of gene flow were detected between all the sites analyzed (N-m > 1.7). Significantly complete genotypic similarity was observed between samples from Bermuda and Panama, indicating that long distance vegetative fragment dispersal is highly probable. Very low genetic differentiation between all sites, even Bermuda and Panama, some 2,700 kin apart, agrees with other studies and is further evidence of a highly uniform gene pool in T. testudinum. High levels of genetic uniformity in T. testudinum may be related to long-term environmental change over its geographic range. While AFLP analysis proved useful in determining genetic variation in this seagrass, the application of co-dominant markers such as microsatellites will be more informative in determining the nature of genetic uniformity and its adaptive significance in T. testudinum. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. James Cook Univ N Queensland, TESAG, Townsville, Qld 4812, Australia. RP Waycott, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama. NR 42 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1028 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 509UU UT WOS:000173168700001 ER PT J AU Evans, LG Starr, RD Bruckner, J Reedy, RC Boynton, WV Trombka, JI Goldstein, JO Masarik, J Nittler, LR McCoy, TJ AF Evans, LG Starr, RD Bruckner, J Reedy, RC Boynton, WV Trombka, JI Goldstein, JO Masarik, J Nittler, LR McCoy, TJ TI Elemental composition from gamma-ray spectroscopy of the NEAR-Shoemaker landing site on 433 Eros SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETER AB Elemental composition and composition ratios derived from gamma-ray measurements collected by the NEAR-Shoemaker spacecraft while on the surface of 433 Eros are reported. Performance of the gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) during cruise and orbit is reviewed. The best gamma-ray data were collected on the surface of Eros after the spacecraft's controlled descent on 2001 February 12. Methods used in spectral analysis, to convert peak areas to incident photons, and photons to elemental composition are described in some detail. The elemental abundance of K and the Mg/Si, Fe/Si, Si/O and Fe/O abundance ratios were determined. The Mg/Si and Si/O ratios and the K abundance are roughly chondritic, but the Fe/Si and Fe/O ratios are low compared to expected chondritic values. Three possible explanations for the apparent Fe depletion are considered. C1 Comp Sci Corp, Sci Programs, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Evans, LG (reprint author), Comp Sci Corp, Sci Programs, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1639 EP 1660 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 513QG UT WOS:000173389200008 ER PT J AU McCoy, TJ Burbine, TH McFadden, LA Starr, RD Gaffey, MJ Nittler, LR Evans, LG Izenberg, N Lucey, PG Trombka, JI Bell, JF Clark, BE Clark, PE Squyres, SW Chapman, CR Boynton, WV Veverka, J AF McCoy, TJ Burbine, TH McFadden, LA Starr, RD Gaffey, MJ Nittler, LR Evans, LG Izenberg, N Lucey, PG Trombka, JI Bell, JF Clark, BE Clark, PE Squyres, SW Chapman, CR Boynton, WV Veverka, J TI The composition of 433 Eros: A mineralogical-chemical synthesis SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASTEROID RENDEZVOUS MISSION; RAY/GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETER; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROMETER; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGER; BODIES AB The near-Earth asteroid rendezvous (NEAR) mission carried x-ray/gamma-ray spectrometers and multi-spectral imager/near-infrared spectrometer instrument packages which gave complementary information on the chemistry and mineralogy, respectively, of the target asteroid 433 Eros. Synthesis of these two data sets provides information not available from either alone, including the abundance of non-mafic silicates, metal and sulfide minerals. We have utilized four techniques to synthesize these data sets. Venn diagrams, which examine overlapping features in two data sets, suggest that the best match for 433 Eros is an ordinary chondrite, altered at the surface of the asteroid, or perhaps a primitive achondrite derived from material mineralogically similar to these chondrites. Normalized element distributions preclude FeO-rich pyroxenes and suggest that the x-ray and gamma-ray data can be reconciled with a common silicate mineralogy by inclusion of varying amounts of metal. Non-native mineralogy cannot be applied to these data sets owing to uncertainties in oxygen abundance and lack of any constraints on the abundance of sodium. Matrix inversion for simultaneous solution of mineral abundances yields reasonable results for the x-ray-derived bulk composition, but seems to confirm the inconsistency between mineral compositions and orthopyroxene/clinopyroxene ratios. A unique solution does not seem possible in synthesizing these multiple data sets. Future missions including a lander to fully characterize regolith distribution and sample return would resolve the types of problems faced in synthesizing the NEAR data. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Agron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Enviromm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Sci Programs, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McCoy, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI McFadden, Lucy-Ann/I-4902-2013; Izenberg, Noam/F-3952-2015 OI McFadden, Lucy-Ann/0000-0002-0537-9975; Izenberg, Noam/0000-0003-1629-6478 NR 35 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1661 EP 1672 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 513QG UT WOS:000173389200009 ER PT J AU Nittler, LR Starr, RD Lim, L McCoy, TJ Burbine, TH Reedy, RC Trombka, JI Gorenstein, P Squyres, SW Boynton, WV McClanahan, TP Bhangoo, JS Clark, PE Murphy, ME Killen, R AF Nittler, LR Starr, RD Lim, L McCoy, TJ Burbine, TH Reedy, RC Trombka, JI Gorenstein, P Squyres, SW Boynton, WV McClanahan, TP Bhangoo, JS Clark, PE Murphy, ME Killen, R TI X-ray fluorescence measurements of the surface elemental composition of asteroid 433 Eros SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EMISSION MEASURE; ORDINARY CHONDRITES; CALCIUM ABUNDANCE; SPECTROMETER; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; 433-EROS; MISSION AB We report major element ratios determined for the S-class asteroid 43 3 Eros using remote-sensing x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy with the near-Earth asteroid rendezvous Shoemaker x-ray spectrometer (XRS). Data analysis techniques and systematic errors are described in detail. Data acquired during five solar flares and during two extended "quiet Sun" periods are presented; these results sample a representative portion of the asteroid's surface. Although systematic uncertainties are potentially large, the most internally consistent and plausible interpretation of the data is that Eros has primitive Mg/Si, Al/Si, Ca/Si and Fe/Si ratios, closely similar to H or R chondrites. Global differentiation of the asteroid is ruled out. The S/Si ratio is much lower than that of chondrites, probably reflecting impact-induced volatilization and/or photo- or ion-induced sputtering of sulfur at the surface of the asteroid. An alternative explanation for the low S/Si ratio is that it reflects a limited degree of melting with loss of an FeS-rich partial melt. Size-sorting processes could lead to segregation of Fe-Ni metal from silicates within the regolith of Eros; this could indicate that the Fe/Si ratios determined by the x-ray spectrometer are not representative of the bulk Eros composition. C1 Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Nittler, LR (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM lrn@dtm.ciw.edu RI Lim, Lucy/C-9557-2012; Killen, Rosemary/E-7127-2012; OI Lim, Lucy/0000-0002-9696-9654; Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303 NR 55 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1673 EP 1695 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 513QG UT WOS:000173389200010 ER PT J AU Conn, JE Bollback, JP Onyabe, DY Robinson, TN Wilkerson, RC Povoa, MM AF Conn, JE Bollback, JP Onyabe, DY Robinson, TN Wilkerson, RC Povoa, MM TI Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite markers from the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Anopheles darlingi; malaria vector; microsatellites ID DNA; POPULATION; SEQUENCES; GAMBIAE; ISOZYME AB High molecular weight DNA was extracted from the primary Neotropical malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi from Capanema, Pari, Brazil, to create a small insert genomic library, and then a phagemid library. Enriched sublibraries were constructed from the phagemid library using a microsatellite oligo primed second strand synthesis protocol. The resulting 242 760 individual clones were screened. The mean clone size of the positive clones was 302 bp. Flanking primers were designed for each suitable microsatellite sequence. Eight polymorphic loci were optimized and characterized. The allele size ranges are based on 253 samples of A. darlingi from eastern Amazonian and central Brazil. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Serv Parasitol, Inst Evandro Chagas, BR-66090000 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Conn, JE (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. OI Conn, Jan/0000-0002-5301-7020 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2001 VL 1 IS 4 BP 223 EP 225 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8278 .2001.00078.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 529FR UT WOS:000174289800002 ER PT J AU Specht, CD Kress, WJ Stevenson, DW DeSalle, R AF Specht, CD Kress, WJ Stevenson, DW DeSalle, R TI A molecular phylogeny of Costaceae (Zingiberales) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE molecular systematics; floral evolution; phylogenetics; Costaceae; Zingiberales; monocots; tropical botany ID SEQUENCE DATA; CHLOROPLAST DNA; DATA SETS; RECONSTRUCTION; CONGRUENCE; PARSIMONY; MATK AB The phylogenetic relationships of Costaceae, a tropical monocotyledonous family sister to the gingers (Zingiberaceae), were investigated with a combination of two chloroplast loci (the trnL-F locus, including the trnL intron, the 3'trnL exon, and the trnL-F intergenic spacer, and the trnK locus, including the trnK intron and the matK coding region) and one nuclear locus (ITS1-5.8s-ITS2). The resulting parsimony analysis of selected taxa that demonstrate the range of floral morphological variation in the family shows that the Caldavena-type floral morphology is ancestral to the group and that both Tapeinochilos species and a Monocostus + Dimerocostus clade represent recent divergences. The genus Costus is broadly paraphyletic but Costus subgenus Eucostus K. Schum. represents a large monophyletic radiation that is poorly resolved. Within this clade, secondary analyses suggest that pollination syndrome, traditionally used for taxonomic and classification purposes within the genus Costus, is a relatively plastic trait of limited phylogenetic utility. This represents the first detailed investigation into intrageneric and interspecific evolutionary relationships within the family Costaceae and presents some novel evolutionary trends with respect to floral morphology and biogeography. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science C1 Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrates, New York, NY 10024 USA. NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Syst Biol Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. New York Bot Garden, Inst Syst Bot, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. RP Specht, CD (reprint author), Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrates, 79th St Cent Pk W, New York, NY 10024 USA. RI Specht, Chelsea/E-8545-2010 NR 56 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 333 EP 345 DI 10.1006/mpev.2001.1029 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 511EH UT WOS:000173251300001 PM 11741377 ER PT J AU Yoshida, N Sheth, RK Diaferio, A AF Yoshida, N Sheth, RK Diaferio, A TI Non-Gaussian cosmic microwave background temperature fluctuations from peculiar velocities of clusters SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gravitation; methods : N-body simulations; galaxies : clusters : general; cosmic microwave background; large-scale structure of Universe ID DARK-MATTER HALOES; DENSITY PROFILE; RADIATION; GALAXIES; MODELS AB We use numerical simulations of a (480 Mpc h(-1))(3) volume to show that the distribution of peak heights in maps of the temperature fluctuations from the kinematic and thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effects will be highly non-Gaussian, and very different from the peak-height distribution of a Gaussian random field. We then show that it is a good approximation to assume that each peak in either SZ effect is associated with one and only one dark matter halo. This allows us to use our knowledge of the properties of haloes to estimate the peak-height distributions. At fixed optical depth, the distribution of peak heights resulting from the kinematic effect is Gaussian, with a width that is approximately proportional to the optical depth; the non-Gaussianity comes from summing over a range of optical depths. The optical depth is an increasing function of halo mass and the distribution of halo speeds is Gaussian, with a dispersion that is approximately independent of halo mass. This means that observations of the kinematic effect can be used to put constraints on how the abundance of massive clusters evolves, and on the evolution of cluster velocities. The non-Gaussianity of the thermal effect, on the other hand, comes primarily from the fact that, on average, the effect is larger in more massive haloes, and the distribution of halo masses is highly non-Gaussian. We also show that because haloes of the same mass may have a range of density and velocity dispersion profiles, the relation between halo mass and the amplitude of the thermal effect is not deterministic, but has some scatter. C1 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amedeo Avogadro, I-10124 Turin, Italy. RP Yoshida, N (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Yoshida, Naoki/A-4305-2011 NR 23 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 328 IS 2 BP 669 EP 677 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04899.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505PV UT WOS:000172925500029 ER PT J AU Liang, H Ekers, RD Hunstead, RW Falco, EE Shaver, P AF Liang, H Ekers, RD Hunstead, RW Falco, EE Shaver, P TI J06587-5558: a very unusual polarized radio source SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual : IE 0657-56 (RX J0658-5557); intergalactic medium; radio continuum : general; X-rays : general ID GALAXIES; CLUSTER AB We have found a peculiar radio source, J06587 - 5558, in the field of one of the hottest known clusters of galaxies, 1E 0657-56. It is slightly extended and highly polarized (54 per cent at 8.8 GHz), and has a very steep spectrum, with alpha similar to- 1 at 1.3 GHz, steepening to similar to - 1.5 at 8.8 GHz (S proportional to nu (alpha)). No extragalactic sources are known with such high integrated polarization, and sources with spectra as steep as this are rare. In this Letter, we report the unusual properties of the source J06587 - 5558 and speculate on its origin and optical identification. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Smithsonian Inst, Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Liang, H (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 328 IS 2 BP L21 EP L25 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.05045.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 505PV UT WOS:000172925500003 ER PT J AU Arnold, AE Maynard, Z Gilbert, GS AF Arnold, AE Maynard, Z Gilbert, GS TI Fungal endophytes in dicotyledonous neotropical trees: patterns of abundance and diversity SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Asia-Pacific Mycological Congress on Biodiversity and Biotechnology CY JUL 09-13, 2000 CL HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA ID PUERTO-RICO; TROPICAL FORESTS; RAIN-FOREST; PLANTS; LEAVES; BIODIVERSITY; HERBIVORY; PALM; MICROFUNGI; COMMUNITY AB Fungal endophytes have been found in every plant species examined to date and appear to be important, but largely unquantified, components of fungal biodiversity. Endophytes are especially little known in tropical forest trees, where their abundance and diversity are thought to be greatest. Here, we explore the occurrence of endophytes in a broad diversity of woody, angiospermous taxa in a lowland, moist tropical forest in central Panama. We use similarity indices to assess host preference and spatial heterogeneity of endophytes associated with two co-occurring but distantly related, understorey tree species in two sites of that forest, and assess the utility of indices based on frequencies of morphospecies occurrence (Morisita-Horn index) and on presence-absence data (Sorensen's index). We suggest that our understanding of fungal diversity will be enhanced by exploring ecological patterns underlying endophyte occurrence in host species, and discuss methods for assessing the proportion of fungal biodiversity represented by tropical endophytes. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Arnold, AE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 62 TC 141 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 30 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 105 BP 1502 EP 1507 DI 10.1017/S0953756201004956 PN 12 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 517LZ UT WOS:000173613200014 ER PT J AU Taylor, CM Clark, JL AF Taylor, CM Clark, JL TI Rubiacearum Americanarum magna hama V. Amphidasya in mesoamerica and western South America SO NOVON LA English DT Article DE Amphidasya; Central America; Isertieae; Rubiaceae; South America AB The neotropical genus Amnphidasya includes 13 species in northern South America and adjacent Central America. A key to all the species of this genus is presented; the new combination Amphidasya longicalycina (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor is made, based on Hoffmannia longicalycina Dwyer, for the most commonly collected species in Central America; and the following new species are described and illustrated:A. amethystina J. L. Clark & C. M. Taylor from western Ecuador. A. brevidentata C. M. Taylor from western Colombia. A. elegans C. M. Taylor from southwestern Colombia and central Ecuador. and A. panamensis C. M. Taylor from Panama. C1 Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Syst Biol Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Taylor, CM (reprint author), Missouri Bot Garden, POB 299, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PD WIN PY 2001 VL 11 IS 4 BP 489 EP 497 DI 10.2307/3393166 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 501RU UT WOS:000172700500021 ER PT J AU Vardi, A Yurovsky, VA Anglin, JR AF Vardi, A Yurovsky, VA Anglin, JR TI Quantum effects on the dynamics of a two-mode atom-molecule Bose-Einstein condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FESHBACH RESONANCES; COHERENT PHOTOASSOCIATION; CONVERSION AB We study the system of coupled atomic and molecular condensates within the two-mode model and beyond mean-field theory. Large-amplitude atom-molecule coherent oscillations are shown to be damped by the rapid growth of fluctuations near the dynamically unstable molecular mode. This result contradicts earlier predictions about the recovery of atom-molecule oscillations in the two-mode limit. The frequency of the damped oscillation is also shown to scale as rootN/1nN with the total number of atoms N, rather than the expected pure N scaling. Using a linearized model, we obtain analytical expressions for the initial depletion of the molecular condensate in the vicinity of the instability, and show that the important effect neglected by mean-field theory is an initially nonexponential "spontaneous" dissociation into the atomic vacuum. Starting with a small population in the atomic mode, the initial dissociation rate is sensitive to the exact atomic amplitudes, with the fastest (superexponential) rate observed for the entangled state formed by spontaneous dissociation. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. MIT, Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Vardi, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Vardi, Amichay/D-8189-2011 OI Vardi, Amichay/0000-0002-8992-2129 NR 27 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2001 VL 64 IS 6 AR 063611 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.063611 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 500CK UT WOS:000172608200081 ER PT J AU Watters, TR Cook, AC Robinson, MS AF Watters, TR Cook, AC Robinson, MS TI Large-scale lobate scarps in the southern hemisphere of Mercury SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARS; TOPOGRAPHY; TECTONICS; VOLCANISM; PLANETS; FAULTS AB Utilizing Mariner 10 images of Mercury, we derived a digital elevation model to examine the topography of the large-scale lobate scarps Adventure Rupes, Resolution Rupes, and Discovery Rupes. The thrust faults that formed these landforms. occur along a rough are that extends for over 1000 km. The new topography shows that vertical uplift occurred on the same side of the three structures suggesting that the fault-planes all dip to the concave side of the arc. These data also show that Adventure and Resolution Rupes are topographically continuous, suggesting the two features were formed by a single thrust fault on Mercury. If this is the case, the Adventure-Resolution Rupes thrust fault is comparable in scale to the Discovery Rupes thrust fault. It is generally believed that Mercurian lobate scarps were formed by compressional stresses induced in the crust as the planet's interior cooled and shrank. Global contraction models predict that stresses at the planetary surface are horizontally isotropic (horizontal principal stresses being equal) resulting in randomly distributed thrust faults with no perferred orientations. The location, orientation, and geometry of the Discovery and Adventure-Resolution Rupes thrust faults, may not be randomly distributed. Analysis of the inferred stresses that formed these faults suggests that they were influenced by regional stresses or by mechanical discontinuities in the crust possibly caused by buried impact basins. The new topographic data reveal a broad, roughly circular topographic low interpreted to be an ancient impact basin centered near Schubert crater (43 degreesS, 54 degreesW), not far from an inferred stress center (48 degreesS, 58 degreesW). Thus the Discovery and Adventure-Resolution Rupes thrust faults may have been influenced by mechanical discontinuities in the Mercurian crust introduced by ancient buried impact basins. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Watters, TR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 49 IS 14-15 BP 1523 EP 1530 DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(01)00090-3 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 495VN UT WOS:000172361200010 ER PT J AU Cavender-Bares, J Holbrook, NM AF Cavender-Bares, J Holbrook, NM TI Hydraulic properties and freezing-induced cavitation in sympatric evergreen and deciduous oaks with, contrasting habitats SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductance; freezing-induced embolism; soil moisture; vulnerability to cavitation; vessel diameters ID INDUCED XYLEM EMBOLISM; TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; WATER RELATIONS; QUERCUS-RUBRA; NORTH-AMERICA; TREES; STRESS; FOREST; DROUGHT; SOILS AB We investigated the hydraulic properties in relation to soil moisture, leaf habit, and phylogenetic lineage of 17 species of oaks (Quercus) that occur sympatrically in northern central Florida (USA). Leaf area per shoot increased and Huber values (ratio of sapwood area to leaf area) decreased with increasing soil moisture of species' habitats. As a result, maximum hydraulic conductance and maximum transpiration were positively correlated with mean soil moisture when calculated on a sapwood area basis, but not when calculated on a leaf area basis. This reveals the important role that changes in allometry among closely related species can play in co-ordinating water transport capacity with soil water availability. There were significant differences in specific conductivity between species, but these differences were not explained by leaf habit or by evolutionary lineage. However, white oaks had significantly smaller average vessel diameters than red oaks or live oaks. Due to their lower Huber values, maximum leaf specific conductivity (K-L) was higher in evergreen species than in deciduous species and higher in live oaks than in red oaks or white oaks. There were large differences between species and between evolutionary lineages in freeze-thaw-induced embolism. Deciduous species, on average, showed greater vulnerability to freezing than evergreen species. This result is strongly influenced by evolutionary lineage. Specifically, white oaks, which are all deciduous, had significantly higher vulnerability to freezing than live oaks (all evergreen) and red oaks, which include both evergreen and deciduous species. These results highlight the importance of taking evolutionary lineage into account in comparative physiological studies. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cavender-Bares, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RI Cavender-Bares, Jeannine/K-5716-2013 NR 59 TC 80 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1243 EP 1256 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00797.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 501PD UT WOS:000172693200001 ER PT J AU Krause, GH Koroleva, OY Dalling, JW Winter, K AF Krause, GH Koroleva, OY Dalling, JW Winter, K TI Acclimation of tropical tree seedlings to excessive light in simulated tree-fall gaps SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; chlorophyll fluorescence; photoinhibition; photosystem II; UV-B-absorbing compounds; xanthophyll cycle ID XANTHOPHYLL-CYCLE ACTIVITY; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; HIGHER-PLANTS; SHADE LEAVES; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; CAROTENOID COMPOSITION; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; GROWTH-RESPONSES; D1 PROTEIN AB Acclimation to periodic high-light stress was studied in tree seedlings from a neotropical forest. Seedlings of several pioneer and late-succession species were cultivated under simulated tree-fall gap conditions; they were placed under frames covered with shade cloth with apertures of different widths that permitted defined periods of daily leaf exposure to direct sunlight. During direct sun exposure, all plants exhibited a marked reversible decline in potential photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, determined by means of the ratio of variable to maximum Chl a fluorescence (F-v/F-m). The decline in F-v/F-m under full sunlight was much stronger in late-succession than in pioneer species. For each gap size, all species exhibited a similar degree of de-epoxidation of violaxanthin in direct sunlight and similar pool sizes of xanthophyll cycle pigments. Pool sizes increased with increasing gap size. Pioneer plants possessed high levels of beta -carotene that also increased with gap size, whereas alpha -carotene decreased. In contrast to late-succession plants, pioneer plants were capable of adjusting their Chl a/b ratio to a high value in wide gaps. The content of extractable UV-B-absorbing compounds was highest in the plants acclimated to large gaps and did not depend on the successional status of the plants. The results demonstrate a better performance of pioneer species under high-light conditions as compared with late-succession plants, manifested by reduced photoinhibition of PSII in pioneer species. This was not related to increased pool size and turnover of xanthophyll cycle pigments, nor to higher contents of UV-B-absorbing substances. High beta -carotene levels and increased Chl a/b ratios, i.e. reduced size of the Chl a and b binding antennae, may contribute to photoprotection in pioneer species. C1 Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Plant Biochem, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Krause, GH (reprint author), Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Plant Biochem, Univ Str 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. NR 42 TC 74 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1345 EP 1352 DI 10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00786.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 501PD UT WOS:000172693200011 ER PT J AU Hymus, GJ Dijkstra, P Baker, NR Drake, BG Long, SP AF Hymus, GJ Dijkstra, P Baker, NR Drake, BG Long, SP TI Will rising CO2 protect plants from the midday sun? A study of photoinhibition of Quercus myrtifolia in a scrub-oak community in two seasons SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric change; chlorophyll fluorescence; elevated carbon dioxide; photosynthesis; Rubisco; subtropical ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ACCLIMATION; ENRICHMENT; LEAVES; ASSIMILATION; INCREASES AB Over a large part of the photoperiod, light energy absorbed by upper canopy leaves saturates photosynthesis and exceeds the energetic requirements for light-saturated linear electron flow through photosystem II (J(PSII)), so that photoinhibition results. From a theoretical consideration of the response of light-saturated photosynthesis to elevated atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO(2)) it may be predicted that, where light-saturated photosynthesis is Rubisco-limited, an increase in pCO(2) will stimulate J(PSII). Therefore, the proportion of absorbed quanta dissipated photochemically will increase and the potential for photoinhibition of photosynthesis will decrease. This was tested by measuring modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence from Quercus myrtifolia Willd. growing in the field in open-top chambers, at either current ambient or elevated (ambient +35 Pa) pCO(2) on Merritt Island, Florida, USA. During spring and summer, light-saturated photosynthesis at current ambient pCO(2) was Rubisco-limited. Consistent with theoretical prediction, J(PSII) was increased and photoinhibition decreased by elevated pCO(2) in spring. In the summer, when growth had largely ceased, an acclimatory decrease in the maximum Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate saturated carboxylation capacity (V-c (max)) removed the stimulation of J(PSII) seen in the spring, and photoinhibition was increased in elevated pCO(2). It is concluded that, for Q. myrtifolia growing in the field, the effects of elevated pCO(2) on J(PSII) and photoinhibition will reflect seasonal differences in photosynthetic acclimation to elevated pCO(2) in a predictable manner. C1 Univ Essex, John Tabor Labs, Dept Biol Sci, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. Smithsonian CO2 Site, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Univ Illinois, ERML 190, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, ERML 190, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Essex, John Tabor Labs, Dept Biol Sci, Wivenhoe Pk, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1361 EP 1368 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00792.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 501PD UT WOS:000172693200013 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR AF Mawdsley, JR TI Cladistic analysis of nearctic species of Enoclerus gahan (Coleoptera : cleridae), with discussion of the evolution of mimicry and cryptic coloration SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Thirty-five external adult morphological characters were used to study patterns' of relationships among 38 Nearctic species of Enoclerus Gahan (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Two Nearctic species in closely related genera, Placopterus thoracicus (Olivier) and Perilypus ornaticollis (LeConte), were used as outgroup taxa to root most parsimonious networks resulting from cladistic analysis. Cladistic analysis was performed with the fast parsimony computer program NONA, using the parsimony ratchet search Strategy to maximize the number of islands of most parsimonious trees found during analysis. The results of this analysis clearly demonstrate that adult external morphological character Systems are highly homoplastic in Enoclerus, as there are few resolved nodes in the strict consensus tree and an overall consistency index of 39 (maximum possible consistency index is 100). Homoplasy in certain adult characters in Enoclerus is probably due to convergent evolution of cryptic and mimetic coloration and body forms. The evolution of two dorsal color patterns (one mimetic, one cryptic), each of which is shared by multiple Nearctic Enoclerus species, is discussed in the context of the cladograms reported here. Each of these color patterns has evolved at least twice in Enoclerus. Despite high levels of homoplasy, several distinct species groups can be recognized in Nearctic Enoclerus on the basis of this analysis. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, MRC 187, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0002-8320 J9 T AM ENTOMOL SOC JI Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 127 IS 4 BP 459 EP 471 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 521PY UT WOS:000173850900001 ER PT J AU Wynn, A Heyer, WR AF Wynn, A Heyer, WR TI Do geographically widespread species of tropical amphibians exist? An estimate of genetic relatedness within the neotropical frog Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider 1799) (Anura Leptodactylidae) SO TROPICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptodactylus fuscus; genetic differentiation; zoogeography; neotropics; conservation ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; EVOLUTIONARY TREES; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; PROTEIN VARIATION; PATTERNS; DISTANCE; SALAMANDERS; FLOW; DIFFERENTIATION; HYPOTHESIS AB Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider 1799) as currently understood has a broad geographic range, extending from Panama to Argentina east of the Andes and on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. We obtained 16 samples throughout its distributional range for electrophoretic analysis to obtain estimates of genetic differentiation within the taxon. Twenty-four loci were scored for analysis. Analytical techniques were used that were appropriate for analyzing inter-population variation of open genetic systems and genetic systems with reduced or no gene flow among populations. The techniques used are: multidimensional scaling; correlation of geographic and electrophoretic distances; gene flow estimates; phylogenetic techniques. The results indicate that the series of samples from Trinidad, Tobago, French Guiana, and Roraima, Brazil have low genetic distances that correspond to an isolation-by-distance model of differentiation, thus comprising a system of populations linked by gene flow within a single species. However, the samples from Panama and those south of the Amazon River demonstrate genetic partitioning, such that there is insignificant gene flow among some sets of these samples as well as with samples north of the Amazon River. Leptodactylus fuscus is a "weedy" species, characteristic of open habitats and able to colonize and survive in human altered habitats. Such a "weedy" species would be expected to have relatively low levels of genetic diversity, contrasting strikingly with the levels of genetic differentiation discovered in our study. If these results are typical for other neotropical frogs, we are currently grossly underestimating the amount of diversity in tropical frogs, which has obvious conservation consequences. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Wynn, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, NHB Stop 162, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Santos, Romenia/J-2876-2014 NR 53 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU CENTRO STUDIO FAUNISTICA ECOLOGIA TROPICALI, C N R PI FLORENCE PA VIA ROMANA 17, 50125 FLORENCE, ITALY SN 0394-6975 J9 TROP ZOOL JI Trop. Zool. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 14 IS 2 BP 255 EP 285 PG 31 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 529HY UT WOS:000174295000006 ER PT J AU Viola, HJ AF Viola, HJ TI Blue Jacket: Warrior of the Shawnees SO WESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Viola, HJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN HISTORY ASSOCIATION PI LOGAN PA UTAH STATE UNIV, UMC 0740, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA SN 0043-3810 J9 WESTERN HIST QUART JI West. Hist. Q. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 4 BP 512 EP 513 DI 10.2307/3650815 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 511UA UT WOS:000173282900017 ER PT J AU Samper, C AF Samper, C TI Counting all species SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Samper, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 30 PY 2001 VL 294 IS 5548 BP 1833 EP 1833 DI 10.1126/science.294.5548.1833 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 497PQ UT WOS:000172465000025 PM 11732548 ER PT J AU Goddard, I AF Goddard, I TI 'The Road to Babel' (Reader's response to Ian Baruma's essay, The 'Road to Babel') SO NEW YORK REVIEW OF BOOKS LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Goddard, I (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK REVIEW PI NEW YORK PA 250 WEST 57TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10107 USA SN 0028-7504 J9 NEW YORK REV BOOKS JI N. Y. Rev. Books PD NOV 29 PY 2001 VL 48 IS 19 BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 491FD UT WOS:000172096600040 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, BM Kirby, KP Smith, R Brickhouse, N Liedahl, DA AF McLaughlin, BM Kirby, KP Smith, R Brickhouse, N Liedahl, DA TI Electron collisional excitation of the low-lying fine-structure levels in oxygen-like Fe18+ SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT EXCITATION; IRON PROJECT; ATOMIC DATA; FE-XIX; TRANSITIONS; COMPLEX; LINES; XXI AB Effective collision strengths for electron impact excitation of all fine-structure levels arising from the 1s(2)2s(2)2p(4) ground state configuration of oxygen-like iron ions, Fe18+ (Fe XIX), have been calculated over a range of temperatures applicable to many laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. The R-matrix method, within the semi-relativistic Breit-Pauli approximation, was employed. Twenty fine-structure levels arising from twelve 1s(2)2s(2)2p(4), 1s(2)2s2p(5), 1s(2)2p(6) and 1s(2)2s(2)2p(3)3s LSpi target terms were included in the electron scattering calculation. Comparisons of the present results, which exhibit strong resonance structure in the cross sections, with previous results obtained by distorted wave methods show significant differences. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McLaughlin, BM (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 22 BP 4521 EP 4529 AR PII S0953-4075(01)24905-0 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/34/22/318 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 554EW UT WOS:000175721900025 ER PT J AU Hoshino, K AF Hoshino, K TI Monophyly of the Citharidae (Pleuronectoidei : Pleuronectiformes : Teleostei) with considerations of pleuronectoid phylogeny SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Citharidae; Pleuronectoidei; Pleuronectiformes; phylogeny ID REASSESSMENT AB The monophyly of Citharidae, the pleuronectoid family thought to be a transitional group between the Psettodoidei and other typical pleuronectoids, has been in question mainly because of the lack of recognized synapomorphies for the family. In this study, the citharid skeleton is described, and the monophyly of the family and its phylogenetic position within the Pleuronectoidei are reassessed following a phylogenetic analysis based on 45 osteological, myological, and external characters. The Citharidae was found to represent a monophyletic group, supported by six synapomorphies (e.g., first dorsal proximal radials firmly wedged into notch of blind side lateral ethmoid; anterior dorsal proximal radials tightly mutually attached; blind side posterior nostril considerably enlarged). Two previously recognized subfamilies, sinistral Citharinae and dextral Brachypleurinae, are invalid because of their nonmonophylies. Interrelationships of the pleuronectoids shown herein are discussed. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hoshino, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD NOV 26 PY 2001 VL 48 IS 4 BP 391 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s10228-001-8163-0 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 499JN UT WOS:000172568200007 ER PT J AU Herken, G AF Herken, G TI Memoirs - A twentieth-century journey in science and politics SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Herken, G (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 23 PY 2001 VL 294 IS 5547 BP 1657 EP 1658 DI 10.1126/science.1066895 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 494VW UT WOS:000172307400021 ER PT J AU Lessios, HA Garrido, MJ Kessing, BD AF Lessios, HA Garrido, MJ Kessing, BD TI Demographic history of Diadema antillarum, a keystone herbivore on Caribbean reefs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial DNA; mismatch distribution; coalescence; human impact ID HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MASS MORTALITY; POPULATION-GROWTH; CORAL-REEF; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE MUTATIONS; SEGREGATING SITES; ALGAL COMMUNITIES; GENETIC-EVIDENCE; FOOD LIMITATION AB The sea urchin Diadema antillarum was the most important herbivore on Caribbean reefs until 1983, when mass mortality reduced its populations by more than 97%. Knowledge of its past demography is essential to reconstruct reef ecology as it was before human impact, which has been implicated as having caused high pre-mortality Diadema abundance. To determine the history of its population size, we sequenced the ATPase 6 and 8 region of mitochondrial DNA from populations in the Caribbean and in the eastern Atlantic (which was not affected by the mass mortality), as well as from the eastern Pacific D. mexicanum. The Caribbean population harbours an order of magnitude more molecular diversity than those of the eastern Pacific or the eastern Atlantic and, despite the recent mass mortality, its DNA sequences bear the genetic signature of a previous population expansion. By estimating mutation rates front divergence between D. antillarum and D. mexicanum, that were separated at a known time by the Isthmus of Panama, and by using estimates of effective population size derived from mismatch distributions and a maximum likelihood coalescence algorithm, we date the expansion as having occurred no more recently than 100 000 years before the present. Thus, Diadema was abundant in the Caribbean long before humans could have affected ecological processes; the genetic data contain no evidence of a recent, anthropogenically caused, population increase. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Fac Ciencias Mar, Dept Biol, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35017, Spain. RP Lessios, HA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM Lessiosh@naos.si.edu NR 78 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 22 PY 2001 VL 268 IS 1483 BP 2347 EP 2353 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 497YF UT WOS:000172482500009 PM 11703875 ER PT J AU Dick, CW AF Dick, CW TI Genetic rescue of remnant tropical trees by an alien pollinator SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Amazonia; habitat fragmentation; microsatellite; Dinizia excelsa; paternity inference ID RAIN-FOREST TREES; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; SPECIES RICHNESS; DIPTEROCARPACEAE; FRAGMENTATION; SYSTEMS AB Habitat fragmentation is thought to lower the viability of tropical trees by disrupting their mutualisms with native pollinators. However, in this study, Dinizia excelsa (Fabaceae), a canopy-emergent tree, was found to thrive in Amazonian pastures and forest fragments even in the absence of native pollinators. Canopy observations indicated that African honeybees (Apis mellifera scutellata) were the predominant floral visitors in fragmented habitats and replaced native insects in isolated pasture trees. Trees in habitat fragments produced. on average, over three times as many seeds as trees in continuous forest, and microsatellite assays of seed arrays showed that genetic diversity was maintained across habitats. A paternity analysis further revealed gene flow over as much as 3.2 km of pasture, the most distant pollination precisely recorded for any plant species. Usually considered only as dangerous exotics, African honeybees have become important pollinators in degraded tropical forests, and may alter the genetic structure of remnant populations through frequent long-distance gene flow. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Amazonias, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Dick, CW (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM dickc@naos.si.edu RI Dick, Christopher/A-8744-2008 NR 30 TC 152 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 22 PY 2001 VL 268 IS 1483 BP 2391 EP 2396 DI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1781 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 497YF UT WOS:000172482500014 PM 11703880 ER PT J AU Brocksopp, C Groot, PJ Wilms, J AF Brocksopp, C Groot, PJ Wilms, J TI The optical long 'period' of LMC X-3 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : general; stars : individual : LMC X-3 ID ACCRETION DISK; LIGHT-CURVE; VARIABILITY; DISCOVERY; EMISSION; WINDS AB We have studied the long-term variability of LMC X-3 in optical light curves spanning 6 yr, in order to search for optical signatures which could confirm or refute the suggestion that the 'modulation' is the result of accretion-rate variability rather than accretion-disc precession. We find that there is no stable period in the optical light curves, that the optical and X-ray light curves are correlated, with an X-ray lag, and that there is no modulation in the optical colours. We argue that these effects agree with the variable mass-accretion rate model proposed by Wilms et at. C1 Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead L41 1LD, Merseyside, England. Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Ctr High Energy Astrophys, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Inst Astron & Astrophys, Abt Astron, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP Brocksopp, C (reprint author), Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, 12 Quays House, Birkenhead L41 1LD, Merseyside, England. RI Wilms, Joern/C-8116-2013; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016 OI Wilms, Joern/0000-0003-2065-5410; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2001 VL 328 IS 1 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04849.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 497ZG UT WOS:000172484900014 ER PT J AU Shapley, AE Steidel, CC Adelberger, KL Dickinson, M Giavalisco, M Pettini, M AF Shapley, AE Steidel, CC Adelberger, KL Dickinson, M Giavalisco, M Pettini, M TI The rest-frame optical properties of z similar or equal to 3 galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : stellar content; infrared : galaxies ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; STELLAR POPULATIONS; STARBURST GALAXIES; ALPHA EMISSION; LY-ALPHA AB We present the results of a near-infrared imaging survey of z similar to 3 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). The survey covers a total of 30 arcmin(2) and includes 118 photometrically selected LBGs with K(s)-band measurements, 63 of which also have J-band measurements, and 81 of which have spectroscopic redshifts. Using the distribution of optical R magnitudes from previous work and R-K(s) colors for this sub sample, we compute the rest-frame optical luminosity function of LBGs. This luminosity function is described by an analytic Schechter fit with a very steep faint-end slope of alpha = -1.85 +/- 0.15, and it strikingly exceeds locally determined optical luminosity functions at brighter magnitudes, where it is fairly well constrained. The V-band luminosity density of only the observed bright end of the z similar to 3 LBG luminosity function already approaches that of all stars in the local universe. For the 81 galaxies with measured redshifts, we investigate the range of LBG stellar populations implied by the photometry that generally spans the range 900-5500 Angstrom in the rest frame. The parameters under consideration are the star AZ formation rate as a function of time, the time since the onset of star formation, and the degree of reddening and extinction by dust. While there are only weak constraints on the parameters for most of the individual galaxies, there are strong trends in the sample as a whole. With a wider wavelength baseline than most previous studies at similar redshifts, we confirm the trend that intrinsically more luminous galaxies are dustier. We also find that there is a strong correlation between extinction and the age of the star formation episode, in the sense that younger galaxies are dustier and have much higher star formation rates. The strong correlation between extinction and age, which we show is unlikely to be an artifact of the modeling procedure, has important implications for an evolutionary sequence among LBGs. A unified scenario that accounts for the observed trends in bright LBGs is one in which a relatively short period of very rapid star formation (hundreds of M. yr(-1)) lasts for roughly 50-100 Myr, after whichboth the extinction and star formation rate are considerably reduced and stars are formed at a more quiescent, but still rapid, rate for at least a few hundred megayears. In our sample, a considerable fraction (similar to 20%) of the LBGs have best-fit star formation ages greater than or similar to1 Gyr, implied stellar masses of greater than or similar to 10(10) M., and are still forming stars at similar to 30 M. yr(-1). C1 CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Shapley, AE (reprint author), CALTECH, Palomar Observ, MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 61 TC 448 Z9 448 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 1 BP 95 EP 123 DI 10.1086/323432 PN 1 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LH UT WOS:000172572300008 ER PT J AU Bechtold, J Siemiginowska, A Aldcroft, TL Elvis, M Dobrzycki, A AF Bechtold, J Siemiginowska, A Aldcroft, TL Elvis, M Dobrzycki, A TI Chandra detection of X-ray absorption associated with a damped Ly alpha system SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : individual (PKS 1127-145; Q0054+144, Q1331+171); X-rays : ISM ID LYMAN-ALPHA; CENTIMETER ABSORPTION; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; LINE SYSTEMS; NEUTRAL GAS; REDSHIFT; ABUNDANCES; GALAXIES; ABSORBERS; QUASARS AB We have observed three quasars, PKS 1127-145, Q1331-171, and Q0054-144, with the ACIS-S aboard the Chandra X-Ray Observatory in order to measure soft X-ray absorption associated with intervening 21 cm and damped Ly alpha absorbers. For PKS 1127-145, we detect absorption that, if associated with an intervening z(abs) = 0.312 absorber, implies a metallicity of 23% solar. If the absorption is not at z(abs) = then the metallicity is still constrained to be less than 23% solar. The advantage of the X-ray measurement is that the derived metallicity is insensitive to ionization, inclusion of an atom in a molecule, or depletion onto grains. The X-ray absorption is mostly due to oxygen and is consistent with the oxygen abundance of 30% solar derived from optical nebular emission lines in a foreground galaxy at the redshift of the absorber. For Q1331+171 and Q0054+144, only upper limits were obtained, although the exposure times were intentionally short, since for these two objects we were interested primarily in measuring flux levels to plan for future observations. The imaging results are presented in a companion paper. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, High Energy Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jbechtold@as.arizona-edu; aneta@cfa.harvard.edu; aldcroft@cfa.harvard.edu; elvis@cfa.harvard.edu; adam@cfa.harvard.edu NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 1 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1086/323439 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LH UT WOS:000172572300010 ER PT J AU Donnelly, RH Forman, W Jones, C Quintana, H Ramirez, A Churazov, E Gilfanov, M AF Donnelly, RH Forman, W Jones, C Quintana, H Ramirez, A Churazov, E Gilfanov, M TI Merging binary clusters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual (A1750, A3395, A3528, SC 0627-54); intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; SHAPLEY SUPERCLUSTER; GALAXY CLUSTERS; RICH CLUSTERS; SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; DYNAMICS; EINSTEIN; CATALOG; MERGER AB We study three prominent bimodal X-ray clusters : A3528, A1750, and A3395. Using observations taken with ROSAT and ASCA, we analyze the temperature and surface brightness distributions. We also analyze the velocity distributions of the three clusters using new measurements supplemented with previously published data. We examine both the overall cluster properties, as well as the two subcluster elements in each. These results are then applied to the determination of the overall cluster masses; they demonstrate excellent consistency between the various methods used. While the characteristic parameters of the subclusters are typical of isolated objects, our temperature results for the regions between the two subclusters clearly confirm the presence of merger activity. These three clusters represent a progression of equal-sized subcluster mergers, starting from initial contact to immediately before first core passage. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ La Serena, Dept Phys, La Serena, Chile. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Moscow Space Res Inst, Moscow 117810, Russia. RP Donnelly, RH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013 NR 58 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 1 BP 254 EP 265 DI 10.1086/323521 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LH UT WOS:000172572300018 ER PT J AU Heinke, CO Edmonds, PD Grindlay, JE AF Heinke, CO Edmonds, PD Grindlay, JE TI Identification of the low-mass X-ray binary and faint X-ray sources in NGC 6652 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; binaries : eclipsing; globular clusters : individual (NGC 6652); novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : neutron; stellar dynamics; X-rays : binaries ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER NGC-6652; OPTICAL COUNTERPART; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SKY SURVEY; PERFORMANCE; X1832-330 AB We have detected three new X-ray point sources, in addition to the known low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) X1832-330, in the globular cluster NGC 6652 with a Chandra 1.6 ks HRC-I exposure. Star 49 (M-V similar to 4.7), suggested by Deutsch and coworkers as the optical candidate for the LMXB, is identified (<0.3) not with the LMXB, but with another, newly detected source (B). Using archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images, we identify (<0.3) the LMXB (A) and one of the remaining new sources (C) with blue variable optical counterparts at M-V similar to 3.7 and 5.3, respectively. The other new source (D) remains unidentified in the crowded cluster core. In the 0.5-2.5 keV range, assuming a 5 keV thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum and N-H = 5.5 x 10(20), source A has intrinsic luminosity L-X similar to 5.3 x 10(35) ergs s(-1). Assuming a 1 keV thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum, B has L-X similar to 4.1 x 10(33) ergs s(-1), while C and D have L-X similar to 8 x 10(32) ergs s(-1). Source B is probably a quiescent LMXB, while source C may be either a luminous cataclysmic variable or a quiescent LMXB. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Heinke, CO (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Heinke, Craig/0000-0003-3944-6109 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 1 BP 363 EP 367 DI 10.1086/323493 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LH UT WOS:000172572300026 ER PT J AU Danchi, WC Tuthill, PG Monnier, JD AF Danchi, WC Tuthill, PG Monnier, JD TI Near-infrared interferometric images of the hot inner disk surrounding the massive young star MWC 349A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : individual (MWC 349A); stars : mass loss; techniques : interferometric ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; MWC-349; PHOTOEVAPORATION; EMISSION; TELESCOPE; OBJECTS; MASERS; LINES; DUST AB We present images of the massive young star MWC 349A at 1.65, 2.16, and 2.27, and 3.08 mum, reconstructed from complex visibility data obtained with an aperture-masking interferometric technique on the Keck I telescope. These images have an approximately elliptical appearance and are consistent with the expected shape of a nearly edge-on disk. Visibility data at 1.65, 2.27, and 3.08 mum were fitted with uniform ellipses with major axes 36 +/- 2, 47 +/- 2, and 62 +/- 1 mas in length, respectively. The major axis is at a position angle of 100 degrees +/- 3 degrees, consistent with the position angle of the dark lane observed previously in VLA radio continuum maps at 8 and 22 GHz. This axis is also perpendicular to the symmetry axis of the bipolar lobes of H66 alpha recombination line emission and is consistent with positions of the recombination line maser spots at 1.3 mm. At an assumed distance of 1.2 kpc, the linear sizes of the disk are 44 and 57 AU at 1.65 and 2.27 mum, respectively. These images are consistent with a dust disk having an angle between the symmetry axis of the disk and the plane of the sky of 15 degrees and thickness of 6 AU, or an angle of 20 degrees and thickness of 1.4 AU, giving an upper bound to the mass of the disk of M(d) < 5.7 or respectively. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Infrared Astrophys Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Danchi, WC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Infrared Astrophys Branch, Code 685, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 35 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 1 BP 440 EP 445 DI 10.1086/323530 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LH UT WOS:000172572300032 ER PT J AU Brickhouse, NS Dupree, AK Young, PR AF Brickhouse, NS Dupree, AK Young, PR TI X-ray Doppler imaging of 44i Bootis with Chandra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; binaries : close; stars : activity; stars : individual (44i Bootis); stars : late-type; X-rays : stars ID CONTACT BINARY; VW CEPHEI; SYSTEMS; FLARE AB Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating observations of the bright eclipsing contact binary 44i Bootis show X-ray line profiles that are Doppler-shifted by orbital motions. The X-ray emission spectrum contains a multitude of lines superposed on a weak continuum, with strong lines of O VIII, Ne X, Fe XVII, and Mg XII. The profiles of these lines from the total observed spectrum show Doppler-broadened widths of similar to 550 km s(-1). Line centroids vary with orbital phase, indicating velocity changes of greater than 180 km s(-1). The first-order light curve shows significant variability but no clear evidence for either primary or secondary eclipses. Flares are observed for all spectral ranges; additionally, the light curve constructed near the peak of the emission measure distribution [T-e = (5-8) x 10(6) K] shows quiescent variability as well as flares. The phase dependences of line profiles and light curves together imply that at least half of the emission is localized at high latitude. A simple model with two regions on the primary star at relatively high latitude reproduces the observed line profile shifts and quiescent light curve. These first clear X-ray Doppler shifts of stellar coronal material illustrate the power of Chandra. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brickhouse, NS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 1 BP L75 EP L78 DI 10.1086/338121 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LJ UT WOS:000172572400018 ER PT J AU Ebisuzaki, T Makino, J Tsuru, TG Funato, Y Portegies Zwart, S Hut, P McMillan, S Matsushita, S Matsumoto, H Kawabe, R AF Ebisuzaki, T Makino, J Tsuru, TG Funato, Y Portegies Zwart, S Hut, P McMillan, S Matsushita, S Matsumoto, H Kawabe, R TI Missing link found? The "runaway" path to supermassive black holes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : starburst; galaxies : star clusters; gravitational waves; methods : N-body simulations; radio lines : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER; EVOLUTION; BINARIES; GALAXIES; MERGERS AB Observations of stellar kinematics, gasdynamics, and masers around galactic nuclei have now firmly established that many galaxies host central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with masses in the range of similar to 10(6)-10(9) M-.. However, how these SMBHs formed is not well understood. One reason for this situation is the lack of observations of intermediate-mass BHs (IMBHs), which could bridge the gap between stellar mass BHs and SMBHs. Recently, this missing link (i.e., an IMBH) has been found in observations made by ASCA and Chandra of the central region of the starburst galaxy M82. Subsequent observations by Subaru have revealed that this IMBH apparently coincides with a young compact star cluster. Based on these findings, we suggest a new formation scenario for SMBHs. In this scenario, IMBHs first form in young compact star clusters through runaway merging of massive stars. While these IMBHs are forming, the host star clusters sink toward the galactic nucleus through dynamical friction and upon evaporation deposit their IMBHs near the galactic center. The IMBHs then form binaries and eventually merge via gravitational radiation, forming an SMBH. C1 RIKEN, Adv Comp Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Div Int & Interdisciplinary Studies, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. MIT, Ctr Space Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Ebisuzaki, T (reprint author), RIKEN, Adv Comp Ctr, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RI Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu/N-6998-2014; Makino, Junichiro/A-9525-2014 OI Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu/0000-0002-3918-1166; NR 28 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 1 BP L19 EP L22 DI 10.1086/338118 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LJ UT WOS:000172572400005 ER PT J AU Girart, JM Estalella, R Viti, S Williams, DA Ho, PTP AF Girart, JM Estalella, R Viti, S Williams, DA Ho, PTP TI Star formation signatures in the condensation downstream of HH80N SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (HH 80 North); ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; stars : formation ID HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; THERMAL RADIO JET; L1551 IRS 5; INFALLING ENVELOPE; PROPER MOTIONS; CORE L1544; HH 80-81; ROTATION; EVOLUTION AB HH 80 North (hereafter HH 80N) is one of the Herbig-Haro objects associated with quiescent dense clumps. We report CO and CS BIMA observations that reveal star formation within the HH 80N dense clump. The CO emission clearly reveals a bipolar molecular outflow centered on the dense clump. The CS emission traces a ringlike structure of radius similar or equal to0.24 pc. The CS kinematics shows that the ring is collapsing with an infall speed of similar to0.6 km s(-1). The required mass to produce the collapse is in agreement with previous ammonia observations of the 20 M(.) core, which is embedded within the CS structure. However, we cannot discard that the ring structure, M driven by protostellar winds, is expanding if the CS abundance is unusually high and if the CO momentum rate is much higher than that measured because of inclination and optical depth effects. The properties of the molecular outflow and of the dense core suggest that it harbors a Class 0 object. There are also signatures of the interaction of the HH 80/81/80N outflow with the dense gas. In particular, it is possible that the HH 80/81/80N outflow has triggered or at least sped up the star formation in this region. C1 Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Girart, JM (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Av Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM jgirart@am.ub.es RI Girart, Josep/O-1638-2014 OI Girart, Josep/0000-0002-3829-5591 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 562 IS 1 BP L91 EP L94 DI 10.1086/337995 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 499LJ UT WOS:000172572400022 ER PT J AU Ricklefs, RE Bermingham, E AF Ricklefs, RE Bermingham, E TI Nonequilibrium diversity dynamics of the Lesser Antillean avifauna SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; IMPACT; RATES; SCALE AB MacArthur and Wilson's model of island diversity predicts an increase in the number of species until colonization and extinction are balanced at a long-term steady state. We appraise this model on an evolutionary time scale by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the colonization of the Lesser Antilles by small land birds. The pattern of accumulation of species with time, estimated by genetic divergence between island and source lineages, rejects a homogeneous model of colonization and extinction. Rather, our results suggest an abrupt, roughly 10-fold increase in colonization rate or a 90% mass extinction event 0.55 to 0.75 million years ago. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. RP Ricklefs, RE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. NR 23 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 294 IS 5546 BP 1522 EP 1524 DI 10.1126/science.1065005 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 493TX UT WOS:000172240500047 PM 11711673 ER PT J AU Schroll, SR AF Schroll, SR TI Marina Abramovic: Public body: Installations and objects 1965-2001. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Schroll, SR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 19 BP 62 EP 63 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 494KA UT WOS:000172280200052 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI Hugh Casson: A biography. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 19 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 494KA UT WOS:000172280200061 ER PT J AU Lane, AM AF Lane, AM TI Hirschfeld's New York SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Lane, AM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 19 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 494KA UT WOS:000172280200060 ER PT J AU Miranda, LF Gomez, Y Anglada, G Torrelles, JM AF Miranda, LF Gomez, Y Anglada, G Torrelles, JM TI Water-maser emission from a planetary nebula with a magnetized torus SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; GIANT-BRANCH STARS; H2O MASERS; PROTOPLANETARY NEBULA; RADIO MORPHOLOGY; EVOLVED STARS; OH/IR STARS; BIPOLAR; YOUNG; FIELDS AB A star like the Sun becomes a planetary nebula towards the end of its life, when the envelope ejected during the earlier giant phase becomes photoionized as the surface of the remnant star reaches a temperature of similar to 30,000 K. The spherical symmetry of the giant phase is lost in the transition to a planetary nebula, when nonspherical shells and powerful jets develop. Molecules that were present in the giant envelope are progressively destroyed by the radiation(1). The water-vapour masers that are typical of the giant envelopes(2,3) therefore are not expected to persist in planetary nebulae(1,4). Here we report the detection of water-maser emission from the planetary nebula K3-35. The masers are in a magnetized torus with a radius of about 85 astronomical units and are also found at the surprisingly large distance of about 5,000 astronomical units from the star, in the tips of bipolar lobes of gas. The precessing jets from K3-35 are probably involved in the excitation of the distant masers, although their existence is nevertheless puzzling. We infer that K3-35 is being observed at the very moment of its transformation from a giant star to a planetary nebula. C1 CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CSIC, IEEC, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. CSIC, Inst Ciencias Espacio, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RP Miranda, LF (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Apdo Correos 3004, E-18080 Granada, Spain. EM lfm@iaa.es OI Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085 NR 30 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 414 IS 6861 BP 284 EP 286 DI 10.1038/35104518 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 492CM UT WOS:000172150700036 PM 11713522 ER PT J AU Najita, J Bergin, EA Ullom, JN AF Najita, J Bergin, EA Ullom, JN TI X-ray desorption of molecules from grains in protoplanetary disks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; dust, extinction; X-rays : ISM; X-rays : stars ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; INTERSTELLAR DUST PARTICLES; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; T-TAURI STARS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; ACCRETION DISKS; EMISSION; EXTINCTION AB We examine the ability of stellar X-rays to desorb molecules from grains in outer protoplanetary disks. In particular, we consider the possibility of spot heating by X-rays and examine its effectiveness, compared to whole grain heating by X-rays, in sustaining a gas-phase abundance of CO. As found in previous studies, whole grain heating is effective only for small grains (<500 ). As a result, large grains are a permanent sink of CO, and whole grain heating cannot sustain an equilibrium gas-phase abundance of CO. Spot heating, in which the incident X-ray deposits energy in only a restricted region of the grain volume and which may occur as a consequence of the aggregate nature of grains, proves to be more promising. Assuming that grains are comprised of many thermal subunits that are poorly connected thermally, we find that spot heating is efficient at all grain sizes if large grains are effectively "coated" with small grains less than or similar to 100 Angstrom in size. We discuss the implications of X-ray spot heating for the interpretation of millimeter emission-line studies of outer protoplanetary disks. C1 Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Najita, J (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 54 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 2 BP 880 EP 889 DI 10.1086/323320 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 492VT UT WOS:000172188800031 ER PT J AU Mukai, K Smale, AP Stahle, CK Wijnands, R AF Mukai, K Smale, AP Stahle, CK Wijnands, R TI ASCA observation of MS 1603.6+2600 (= UW Coronae Borealis): A dipping low-mass X-ray binary in the outer halo? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (MS 1603.6+2600); X-rays : stars ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS AB MS 1603.6+2600 is a high-latitude X-ray binary with a 111 minute orbital period, thought to be either an unusual cataclysmic variable or an unusual low-mass X-ray binary. In an ASCA observation in 1997 August, we find a burst, whose light curve suggests a type I (thermonuclear flash) origin. We also find an orbital X-ray modulation in MS 1603.6+2600, which is likely to be periodic dips, presumably due to azimuthal structure in the accretion disk. Both are consistent with this system being a normal low-mass X-ray binary harboring a neutron star, but at a great distance. We tentatively suggest that MS 1603.6+2600 is located in the outer halo of the Milky Way, perhaps associated with the globular cluster Palomar 14, 11 degrees away from MS 1603.6+2600 on the sky at an estimated distance of 73.8 kpc. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Mukai, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 2 BP 938 EP 942 DI 10.1086/323383 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 492VT UT WOS:000172188800036 ER PT J AU Thi, WF van Dishoeck, EF Blake, GA van Zadelhoff, GJ Horn, J Becklin, EE Mannings, V Sargent, AI van den Ancker, ME Natta, A Kessler, J AF Thi, WF van Dishoeck, EF Blake, GA van Zadelhoff, GJ Horn, J Becklin, EE Mannings, V Sargent, AI van den Ancker, ME Natta, A Kessler, J TI H-2 and CO emission from disks around T Tauri and Herbig Ae pre-main-sequence stars and from debris disks around young stars: Warm and cold circumstellar gas SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER OBSERVATIONS; INTERSTELLAR MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; SHORT-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; MILLIMETER-WAVE PROPERTIES; ROTATIONAL LINE EMISSION; VEGA-EXCESS STARS; BETA-PICTORIS; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB We present ISO Short-Wavelength Spectrometer observations of H-2 pure-rotational line emission from the disks around low- and intermediate-mass pre-main-sequence stars as well as from young stars thought to be surrounded by debris disks. The pre-main-sequence sources have been selected to be isolated from molecular clouds and to have circumstellar disks revealed by millimeter interferometry. We detect "warm" (T approximate to 100-200 K) H-2 gas around many sources, including tentatively the debris-disk objects. The mass of this warm gas ranges from similar to 10(-4) M-circle dot up to 8 x 10(-3) M-circle dot and can constitute a nonnegligible fraction of the total disk mass. Complementary single-dish (CO)-C-12 3-2, (CO)-C-13 3-2, and (CO)-C-12 6-5 observations have been obtained as well. These transitions probe cooler gas at T approximate to 20-80 K. Most objects show a double-peaked CO emission profile characteristic of a disk in Keplerian rotation, consistent with interferometer data on the lower J lines. The ratios of the (CO)-C-12 3-2/(CO)-C-13 3-2 integrated fluxes indicate that (CO)-C-12 3-2 is optically thick but that (CO)-C-13 3-2 is optically thin or at most moderately thick. The (CO)-C-13 3-2 lines have been used to estimate the cold gas mass. If a conversion H-2/CO factor of 1 x 10(4) is adopted, the derived cold gas masses are factors of 10-200 lower than those deduced from 1.3 millimeter dust emission assuming a gas/dust ratio of 100, in accordance with previous studies. These findings confirm that CO is not a good tracer of the total gas content in disks since it can be photodissociated in the outer layers and frozen onto grains in the cold dense part of disks, but that it is a robust tracer of the disk velocity field. In contrast, H-2 can shield itself from photodissociation even in low-mass "optically thin" debris disks and can therefore survive longer. The warm gas is typically 1%-10% of the total mass deduced from millimeter continuum emission, but it can increase up to 100% or more for the debris-disk objects. Thus, residual molecular gas may persist into the debris-disk phase. No significant evolution in the H-2, CO, or dust masses is found for stars with ages in the range of 10(6)-10(7) yr, although a decrease is found for the older debris-disk star beta Pictoris. The large amount of warm gas derived from H-2 raises the question of the heating mechanism(s). Radiation from the central star as well as the general interstellar radiation field heat an extended surface layer of the disk, but existing models fail to explain the amount of warm gas quantitatively. The existence of a gap in the disk can increase the area of material influenced by radiation. Prospects for future observations with ground- and space-borne observations are discussed. C1 Leiden Observ, NL-2300 Leiden, Netherlands. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CALTECH, SIRTF Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Thi, WF (reprint author), Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 Leiden, Netherlands. RI van Zadelhoff, Gerd-Jan/K-6283-2013 NR 121 TC 163 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 2 BP 1074 EP 1094 DI 10.1086/323361 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 492VT UT WOS:000172188800047 ER PT J AU Panaitescu, A Kumar, P Narayan, R AF Panaitescu, A Kumar, P Narayan, R TI Observational prospects for afterglows of short-duration gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; ISM : jets and outflows; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal ID NEUTRON-STAR BINARIES; LIGHT CURVES; FIREBALL MODEL; ENERGETICS; MEDIA; LONG AB If the efficiency for producing gamma rays is the same in short-duration (less than or similar to2 s) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as in long-duration GRBs, then the average kinetic energy per solid angle in short GRBs must be similar to 20 times less than that of long GRBs. Assuming that the relativistic shocks in short- and long-GRB afterglows have similar parameters, we show that the afterglows of short GRBs will be, on average, 10-40 times dimmer than those of long GRBs. We find that the afterglow of a typical short GRB will be below the detection limit (less than or similar to 30 mu Jy) of searches at radio frequencies. The afterglow would also be difficult to observe in the optical, where we predict R greater than or similar to 23 10 hr the burst. The radio and optical afterglows would be even fainter if short GRBs occurred in a low-density medium, as expected in neutron star-neutron star and neutron star-black hole merger models. Early (less than or similar to1 day) observations in X-rays offer the best prospects for detecting short- GRB afterglows. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Panaitescu, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall,Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 51 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 2 BP L171 EP L174 DI 10.1086/324678 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 492VU UT WOS:000172188900007 ER PT J AU Phelps, SM Ryan, MJ Rand, AS AF Phelps, SM Ryan, MJ Rand, AS TI Vestigial preference functions in neural networks and tungara frogs. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL SELECTION; PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; MATE CHOICE; ADVERTISEMENT CALLS; MATING PREFERENCES; STIMULUS-CONTROL; RECEIVER BIASES; OLFACTORY CUES; EVOLUTION; RECOGNITION AB Although there is a growing interest in understanding how perceptual mechanisms influence behavioral evolution, few studies have addressed how perception itself is shaped by evolutionary forces. We used a combination of artificial neural network models and behavioral experiments to investigate how evolutionary history influenced the perceptual processes used in mate choice by female tungara frogs. We manipulated the evolutionary history of artificial neural network models and observed an emergent bias toward calls resembling known ancestral states. We then probed female tungara frogs for similar preferences, finding strong biases toward stimuli that resemble a call hypothesized for a recent ancestor. The data strongly suggest that female tungara frogs exhibit vestigial preferences for ancestral calls, and provide a general strategy for exploring the role of historical contingency in perceptual biases. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol C0930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Phelps, SM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Ctr Behav Neurosci, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [F31 MH11194, F31 MH011194] NR 47 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 6 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 23 BP 13161 EP 13166 DI 10.1073/pnas.231296998 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 490WM UT WOS:000172076800060 PM 11698682 ER PT J AU Soon, W Baliunas, S Idso, SB Kondratyev, KY Posmentier, ES AF Soon, W Baliunas, S Idso, SB Kondratyev, KY Posmentier, ES TI Modeling climatic effects of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions: unknowns and uncertainties SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE climate change; climate model; global warming; carbon dioxide ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; CENTER COUPLED MODEL; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; WATER-VAPOR; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; WINTER CIRCULATION; EL-NINO AB A likelihood of disastrous global environmental consequences has been surmised as a result of projected increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. These estimates are based on computer climate modeling, a branch of science still in its infancy despite recent substantial strides in knowledge, Because the expected anthropogenic climate forcings are relatively small compared to other background and forcing factors (internal and external), the credibility of the modeled global and regional responses rests on the validity of the models. We focus on this important question of climate model validation, Specifically, we review common deficiencies in general circulation model (GCM) calculations of atmospheric temperature, surface temperature, precipitation and their spatial and temporal variability, These deficiencies arise from complex problems associated with parameterization of multiply interacting climate components, forcings and feedbacks, involving especially clouds and oceans, We also review examples of expected climatic impacts from anthropogenic CO(2) forcing, Given the host of uncertainties and unknowns in the difficult but important task of climate modeling, the unique attribution of observed current climate change to increased atmospheric CO(2) concentration, including the relatively well-observed latest 20 yr, is not possible. We further conclude that the incautious use of GCMs to make future climate projections from incomplete or unknown forcing scenarios is antithetical to the intrinsically heuristic value of models. Such uncritical application of climate models has led to the commonly held but erroneous impression that modeling has proven or substantiated the hypothesis that CO(2) added to the air has caused or will cause significant global warming, An assessment of the merits of GCMs and their use in suggesting a discernible human influence on global climate can be found in the joint World Meteorological Organisation and United Nations Environmental Programme's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports (1990, 1995 and the up-coming 2001 report), Our review highlights only the enormous scientific difficulties facing the calculation of climatic effects of added atmospheric CO(2) in a GCM. The purpose of such a limited review of the deficiencies of climate model physics and the use of GCMs is to illuminate areas for improvement. Our review does not disprove a significant anthropogenic influence on global climate. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Mt Wilson Observ, Mt Wilson, CA 91023 USA. US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecol Safety, St Petersburg 197110, Russia. Long Isl Univ, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Soon, W (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wsoon@cfa.harvard.edu NR 123 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 13 U2 47 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PD NOV 2 PY 2001 VL 18 IS 3 BP 259 EP 275 DI 10.3354/cr018259 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 510RX UT WOS:000173222000007 ER PT J AU Labandeira, CC LePage, BA Johnson, AH AF Labandeira, CC LePage, BA Johnson, AH TI A Dendroctonus bark engraving (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) from a middle Eocene Larix (Coniferales : Pinaceae): Early or delayed colonization? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Review DE Canadian Arctic; coevolution; Dendroctonus; Eocene; Larix; Napartulik; Pinaceae; plant-insect associations; Scolytidae; Tomicini ID AXEL-HEIBERG ISLAND; SIMPLEX LECONTE COLEOPTERA; EASTERN LARCH BEETLE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; PLANT RELATIONSHIPS; SWAMP FORESTS; HOST USE; INSECT AB An engraving made by a scolytid bark beetle, assigned to the genus Dendroetonus of the tribe Tomieini, has been identified on a mummified, middle Eocene (45 Ma) specimen of Larix altoborealis wood from the Canadian High Arctic. Larix altoborealis is the earliest known species of Larix, a distinctive lineage of pinaceous conifers that is taxonomically identifiable by the middle Eocene and achieved a broad continental distribution in northern North America and Eurasia during the late Cenozoic. Dendroctonus currently consists of three highly host-specific lineages that have pinaceous hosts: a basal monospecific clade on Pinoideae (Pinus) and two sister clades that consist of a speciose clade associated exclusively with Pinoideae and six species that breed overwhelmingly in Piceoideae (Picea) and Laricoideae (Pseudotsuga and Larix). The middle Eocene engraving in L. altoborealis represents an early member of Dendroctonus that is ancestral to other congeneric species that colonized a short-bracted species of Larix. This fossil occurrence, buttressed by recent data on the phylogeny of Pinaceae subfamilies and Dendroetonus species, indicates that there phylogenetically congruent colonization by these bark-beetle lineages of a Pinoideae + (Piceoideae + Laricoideae) host-plant sequence. Based on all available evidence, an hypothesis of a geochronologically early invasion during the Early Cretaceous is supported over an alternative view of late Cenozoic cladogenesis by bark beetles onto the Pinaceae. These data also suggest that host-plant chemistry may be an effective species barrier to colonization by some bark-beetle taxa over geologically long time scales. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Labandeira, CC (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 159 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 88 IS 11 BP 2026 EP 2039 DI 10.2307/3558429 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 494HZ UT WOS:000172277500010 PM 21669635 ER PT J AU Heaney, PJ Post, JE AF Heaney, PJ Post, JE TI Evidence for an I2/a to Imab phase transition in the silica polymorph moganite at similar to 570 K SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT; POWDER DIFFRACTION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHOSPHORUS OXYNITRIDE; QUARTZ; MINERALS AB Rietveld analysis of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data for the silica mineral moganite from 100 K to 1354 K has revealed a reversible phase transition from space group l2/a to Imab at approximately 570 K. The thermal expansion behavior of the lattice parameters alters sharply at the transition point, and the monoclinic beta angle decreases to 90 degrees. The displacive transition from alpha- to beta -moganite is effected by the rotation of apparently rigid tetrahedra about the [010] axis, and the linear temperature dependence of the volume strain and of the non-symmetry-breaking e(11) and e(22) strains indicates that the character of the transition is second-order. The continuous increase in the b axis over the entire temperature range reveals a concomitant rotation of tetrahedra about [100] that does not affect the overall symmetry. In addition, we present a refinement without structural constraints for alpha -moganite at room temperature using time-of-flight neutron diffraction data. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Heaney, PJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 309 Deike, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 86 IS 11-12 BP 1358 EP 1366 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 496VF UT WOS:000172417200004 ER PT J AU Tormos, J Krombein, KV Asis, JD Gayubo, SF AF Tormos, J Krombein, KV Asis, JD Gayubo, SF TI A systematic study of larvae of Chrysidini (Hymenoptera : Chrysididae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Chrysididae; Chrysidini; preimaginal stages; larvae ID TRICHRYSIS-CYANEA HYMENOPTERA; MATURE LARVAE; CHARACTERS AB The preimaginal stages of 14 species of Chrysidini-three postdefecating larvae (prepupae), nine mature larvae, two second-stage larvae, and nine first-stage larvae-are described. After analyzing for 33 selected characters, the character states observed in the mature larvae studied, several apomorphies are described that could characterize the groups Bethylidae, Chrysididae, Chrysidinae, and Chrysidini, as well as the genera Caenochrysis, Chrysis, Exochrysis, and Trichrysis. Second-stage larvae are very similar to mature larvae, those of the Chrysidini and Elampini being differentiated by the number of mandibular teeth. First-stage larvae display several morphological particularities derived from their cleptoparasitoid or parasitoid nature, emphasis being placed on the long antennae, the degree of development of setae on the labrum, the ventral position of the maxillary and labial palpi, the strong development of the mandibles, and the morphology of the last abdominal segment, For first-stage larvae, after analyzing 20 selected characters, different apomorphies that could characterize the genera Caeonochrysis, Chrysura, Pseudospinolia, and Trichrysis are discussed. C1 Univ Salamanca, Fac Biol, Unidad Zool, Salamanca 37071, Spain. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Tormos, J (reprint author), Univ Salamanca, Fac Biol, Unidad Zool, Salamanca 37071, Spain. EM tormos@gugu.usal.es RI Asis, Josep/K-5623-2014; Tormos, Jose/K-5643-2014 OI Asis, Josep/0000-0001-8134-1875; Tormos, Jose/0000-0002-0568-4486 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 94 IS 6 BP 809 EP 834 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0809:ASSOLO]2.0.CO;2 PG 26 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 497JJ UT WOS:000172451400002 ER PT J AU Maxwell, TA AF Maxwell, TA TI Inspired by nature (Natural rock formations in the Sahara, the pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx) SO ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Maxwell, TA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARCHAEOLOGICAL INST PI NEW YORK PA 135 WILLIAM ST, NEW YORK, NY 10038-3805 USA SN 0003-8113 J9 ARCHAEOLOGY JI Archaeology PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 54 IS 6 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 485VU UT WOS:000171784800004 ER PT J AU Barmby, P Huchra, JP AF Barmby, P Huchra, JP TI M31 globular clusters in the Hubble Space Telescope archive. I. Cluster detection and completeness SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M31); galaxies : star clusters ID SYSTEM; GALAXIES; HALO; M-31; CALIBRATION; CANDIDATES; KINEMATICS; PHOTOMETRY; DISTANCE; CATALOG AB Globular clusters at the distance of M31 have apparent angular sizes of a few arcseconds. While many M31 globular clusters have been detected and studied from ground-based images, the high spatial resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) allows much more robust detection and characterization of star cluster properties. We present the results of a search of 157 HST Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 images of M31. We found 82 previously cataloged globular cluster candidates, as well as 32 new globular cluster candidates and 20 open cluster candidates. We present images of the new candidates and photometry for all clusters. We assess existing cluster catalogs' completeness and use the results to estimate the total number of globular clusters in M31 as 460 +/- 70. The specific frequency is S-N = 1.2 +/- 0.2 and the mass specific frequency T = 2.4 +/- 0.4; these values are at the upper end of the range seen for spiral galaxies. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Barmby, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 NR 41 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 122 IS 5 BP 2458 EP 2468 DI 10.1086/323457 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 491AP UT WOS:000172086100018 ER PT J AU Mochejska, BJ Kaluzny, J Stanek, KZ Sasselov, DD Szentgyorgyi, AH AF Mochejska, BJ Kaluzny, J Stanek, KZ Sasselov, DD Szentgyorgyi, AH TI Direct distances to nearby galaxies using detached eclipsing binaries and cepheids. VIII. Additional variables in the field M33B discovered with image subtraction SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; Cepheids; distance scale; galaxies : individual (M33); stars : variables : other ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; STARS; M31; RADII; MODE; IV AB DIRECT is a project to obtain directly the distances to two Local Group galaxies, M31 and M33, which occupy a crucial position near the bottom of the cosmological distance ladder. As the first step of the DIRECT project we have searched for detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs) and new Cepheids in the M31 and M33 galaxies with 1 m class telescopes. In this eighth paper we present a catalog of variable stars discovered in the data from the follow-up observations of DEB system D33J013337.0 + 303032.8 in field M33B [(alpha, delta) = (23.degrees 48, 30.degrees 57), J2000.0], collected with the Kitt Peak National Observatory 2.1 m telescope. In our search covering an area of 108 arcmin(2) we have found 895 variable stars: 96 eclipsing binaries, 349 Cepheids, and 450 other periodic, possibly long-period or nonperiodic variables. Of these variables 612 are newly discovered. Their light curves were extracted using the ISIS image subtraction package. For 77% of the variables we present light curves in standard V and B magnitudes, with the remaining 23% expressed in units of differential flux. We have discovered a population of first-overtone Cepheid candidates, and for six of them we present strong arguments in favor of this interpretation. The catalog of variables, as well as their photometry (about 9.2 x 10(4) BV measurements) and finding charts, is available electronically via anonymous ftp and the World Wide Web. The complete set of the CCD frames is available upon request. C1 Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mochejska, BJ (reprint author), Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 122 IS 5 BP 2477 EP 2489 DI 10.1086/323718 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 491AP UT WOS:000172086100020 ER PT J AU Aksnes, K Franklin, FA AF Aksnes, K Franklin, FA TI Secular acceleration of Io derived from mutual satellite events SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; occultations; planets and satellites : individual (Callisto, Europa, Ganymede, Io) ID RESONANCE; EVOLUTION AB Timings and light curves of the mutual phenomena of the Galilean satellites in 1908, 1914, and 1973-1997 have been used first to improve the values of the most important parameters in Sampson's satellite theory (published in 1921) and second to reduce the considerable remaining discrepancies in the observations by solving for constant changes, Deltan(i), and rates, (n) over dot(i), in the mean motions of the four satellites. Earlier determinations of the (n) over dot values-primarily (n) over dot(1) - have been based mainly on observations of ordinary eclipses that are much less precise than the mutual event observations and also suffer from uncertainty in the UT-ET correction prior to 1900. Because of strong correlations, it is not possible to obtain meaningful least-squares solutions for both Deltan(i) and (n) over dot(i), except for Io for which we obtain Deltan(1) = (0.4 +/- 1.1) x 10(-6) deg day(-1) and (n) over dot(1)/n(1) = 3.6 +/- 1.0 in units of 10(-10) yr(-1). This Deltan(1) value is comparable to the values determined for Deltan(2), Deltan(3), and Deltan(4). Although the data can be satisfied nearly as well by correcting only the mean motions, this leads to a 10 times larger Deltan(1) value, which seems unacceptably large. Furthermore, (n) over dot = 0 would require an unphysically large tidal torque from Jupiter to overcome Io's orbital decay because of the observed energy dissipation in Io. Our determination of (n) over dot(1)/n(1) is in reasonable agreement with the values 3.3 +/- 0.5 (from de Sitter, published in 1928) and 4.54 +/- 0.95 (from Goldstein & Jacobs, published in 1995), both of which were derived from analyses of eclipses of the satellites by Jupiter and some photographic observations. However, it conflicts with the value -0.074 +/- 0.087 found by Lieske (published in 1987) from Jovian eclipse timings. Our results imply that Io is now spiraling slowly inward, losing more orbital energy from internal dissipation than it gains from Jupiter's tidal torque. These results suggest that Q, the specific dissipation function of Jupiter, is around 200,000 for an Io heat flux of 1.3 x 10(14) W. C1 Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Aksnes, K (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, POB 1029 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 122 IS 5 BP 2734 EP 2739 DI 10.1086/323708 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 491AP UT WOS:000172086100041 ER PT J AU Queloz, D Henry, GW Sivan, JP Baliunas, SL Beuzit, JL Donahue, RA Mayor, M Naef, D Perrier, C Udry, S AF Queloz, D Henry, GW Sivan, JP Baliunas, SL Beuzit, JL Donahue, RA Mayor, M Naef, D Perrier, C Udry, S TI No planet for HD 166435 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; individual : HD 166435; planetary systems ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; LITHIUM ABUNDANCES; ROTATION; SEARCH; EVOLUTION; VELOCITY; PLEIADES; PRAESEPE; CLUSTER AB The G0 V star HD 166435 has been observed by the fiber-fed spectrograph ELODIE as one of the targets in the large extra-solar planet survey that we are conducting at the Observatory of Haute-Provence. We detected coherent, low-amplitude, radial-velocity variations with a period of 3.7987 days, suggesting a possible close-in planetary companion. Subsequently, we initiated a series of high-precision photometric observations to search for possible planetary transits and an additional series of Ca II H and K observations to measure the level of surface magnetic activity and to look for possible rotational modulation. Surprisingly, we found the star to be photometrically variable and magnetically active. A detailed study of the phase stability of the radial-velocity signal revealed that the radial-velocity variability remains coherent only for durations of about 30 days. Analysis of the time variation of the spectroscopic line profiles using line bisectors revealed a correlation between radial velocity and line-bisector orientation. All of these observations, along with a one-quarter cycle phase shift between the photometric and the radial-velocity variations, are well explained by the presence of dark photospheric spots on HD 166435. We conclude that the radial-velocity variations are not due to gravitational interaction with an orbiting planet but, instead, originate from line-profile changes stemming from star spots on the surface of the star. The quasi-coherence of the radial-velocity signal over more than two years, which allowed a fair fit with a binary model, makes the stability of this star unusual among other active stars. It suggests a stable magnetic field orientation where spots are always generated at about the same location on the surface of the star. C1 Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Observ Haute Provence, F-04870 St Michel, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Mt Wilson Observ, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Observ Grenoble, F-38041 Grenoble, France. RP Queloz, D (reprint author), Observ Geneva, 51 Ch Maillettes, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. EM Didier.Queloz@obs.unige.ch NR 28 TC 427 Z9 427 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 379 IS 1 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011308 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 490CA UT WOS:000172031800035 ER PT J AU Garcia-Sanchez, J Weissman, PR Preston, RA Jones, DL Lestrade, JF Latham, DW Stefanik, RP Paredes, JM AF Garcia-Sanchez, J Weissman, PR Preston, RA Jones, DL Lestrade, JF Latham, DW Stefanik, RP Paredes, JM TI Stellar encounters with the solar system SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE comets : general; stars : general; stars : kinematics; Galaxy : general ID OORT CLOUD; SPIRAL STRUCTURE; MASS DENSITY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GALACTIC CONSTANTS; PROPER MOTIONS; COMET SHOWERS; UPPER EOCENE; STAR COUNTS; GALAXY AB We continue our search, based on Hipparcos data, for stars which have encountered or will encounter the solar system (Garcia-Sanchez et al. 1999). Hipparcos parallax and proper motion data are combined with ground-based radial velocity measurements to obtain the trajectories of stars relative to the solar system. We have integrated all trajectories using three different models of the galactic potential: a local potential model, a global potential model, and a perturbative potential model. The agreement between the models is generally very good. The time period over which our search for close passages is valid is about +/- 10 Myr. Based on the Hipparcos data, we find a frequency of stellar encounters within one parsec of the Sun of 2.3 +/-0.2 per Myr. However, we also find that the Hipparcos data is observationally incomplete. By comparing the Hipparcos observations with the stellar luminosity function for star systems within 50 pc of the Sun, we estimate that only about one-fifth of the stars or star systems were detected by Hipparcos. Correcting for this incompleteness, we obtain a value of 11.7 +/-1.3 stellar encounters per Myr within one pc of the Sun. We examine the ability of two future missions, FAME and GAIA, to extend the search for past and future stellar encounters with the Sun. C1 Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Observ Paris, DEMIRM, CNRS 8540, F-75014 Paris, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Garcia-Sanchez, J (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Av Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM joan.garcia@tin.it OI Paredes, Josep M./0000-0002-1566-9044 NR 83 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 379 IS 2 BP 634 EP 659 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011330 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 493VE UT WOS:000172243500029 ER PT J AU Melo, CHF Covino, E Alcala, JM Torres, G AF Melo, CHF Covino, E Alcala, JM Torres, G TI On the pre-main sequence circularization period SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : binaries : spectroscopic; stars : pre-main sequence; stars : individual : RX J1603.9-3938 ID CLOSE BINARY STARS; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; ORBITAL CIRCULARIZATION; TIDAL EVOLUTION; TAURI; SYNCHRONIZATION; DISCOVERY; ELEMENTS; CLUSTER AB In this paper we present an updated compilation of the currently known pre-main sequence (PMS) spectroscopic binaries (SB) for which orbital elements have been determined. In particular we report our results for and discuss the case of the bona-fide PMS system RX J1603.9-3938, which has a circular orbit and a period of 7.56 days. This is the longest orbital period for a circular orbit found among the bona-fide PMS spectroscopic binaries so far, and we suggest that this system may be thus considered to now set the PMS circularization period. The longer period is compatible with the circularization periods already known for older binary populations such as the Hyades and Praesepe. When considered in the context of the circularization periods for other binary populations of different ages, the new PMS circularization period strongly supports the suggestion of Mathieu et al. (1992) that a hybrid scenario (tidal circularization occurring on both PMS phase and on MS phase) could explain the observed circularization periods as a function of age. The apparently circular orbit observed in another PMS system, RX J1301.0-7654a, with an orbital period of nearly 13 days, may perhaps change this picture when the orbit is improved and the system is better understood. C1 Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Melo, CHF (reprint author), Observ Geneva, Ch Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. EM Claudio.Melo@obs.unige.ch RI Melo, Claudio/O-2797-2013; OI Alcala, Juan Manuel/0000-0001-8657-095X; Covino, Elvira/0000-0002-6187-6685 NR 60 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 378 IS 3 BP 898 EP 906 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011262 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487VA UT WOS:000171897200019 ER PT J AU Arav, N De Kool, M Korista, KT Crenshaw, DM Van Breugel, W Brotherton, M Green, RF Pettini, M Wills, B De Vries, W Becker, B Brandt, WN Green, P Junkkarinen, VT Koratkar, A Laor, A Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Mathur, S Murray, N AF Arav, N De Kool, M Korista, KT Crenshaw, DM Van Breugel, W Brotherton, M Green, RF Pettini, M Wills, B De Vries, W Becker, B Brandt, WN Green, P Junkkarinen, VT Koratkar, A Laor, A Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Mathur, S Murray, N TI HST STIS observations of PG 0946+301: The highest quality UV spectrum of a BALQSO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines; quasars : individual (PG 0946+301); ultraviolet : galaxies ID BROAD ABSORPTION-LINE; QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIATIVE ACCELERATION; DISK WINDS; QSOS; PG-0946+301; OUTFLOWS; SPECTROGRAPH; ULTRAVIOLET AB We describe deep (40 orbits) Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observations of the broad absorption line (BAL) quasi-stellar object (QSO) PG 0946+301 and make them available to the community. These observations are the major part of a multiwavelength campaign on this object aimed at determining the ionization equilibrium and abundances (IEAs) in BALQSOs. We present simple template fits to the entire data set, which yield firm identifications for more than two dozen BALs from 18 ions and give lower limits for the ionic column densities. We find that the outflow's metallicity is consistent with being solar, while the abundance ratio of phosphorus to other metals is at least 10 times solar. These findings are based on diagnostics that are not sensitive to saturation and partial covering effects in the BALs, which considerably weakened previous claims for enhanced metallicity. Ample evidence for these effects is seen in the spectrum. We also discuss several options for extracting tighter IEA constraints in future analyses and present the significant temporal changes that are detected between these spectra and those taken by the HST Faint Object Spectrograph in 1992. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 105, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. RP Arav, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall 3411, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015 OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453 NR 39 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 1 BP 118 EP 130 DI 10.1086/323369 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487PC UT WOS:000171883600012 ER PT J AU Gaudi, BS Granot, J Loeb, A AF Gaudi, BS Granot, J Loeb, A TI Microlensing and the surface brightness profile of the afterglow image of gamma-ray burst 000301C SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; gravitational lensing ID FIREBALL; SPECTRA; SIZE AB The optical afterglow of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 000301C exhibited a significant, short timescale deviation from the power-law flux decline expected in the standard synchrotron shock model. Garnavich, Loeb, & Stanek found that this deviation was well fitted by an ad hoc model in which a thin ring of emission is microlensed by an intervening star. We revisit the microlensing interpretation of this variability, first by testing whether microlensing of afterglow images with realistic surface brightness profiles (SBPs) can Dt the data, and second by directly inverting the observed light curve to obtain a nonparametric measurement of the SBP. We find that microlensing of realistic SBPs can reproduce the observed deviation, provided that the optical emission arises from frequencies above the cooling break. Conversely, if the variability is indeed caused by microlensing, the SBP must be significantly limb-brightened. Specifically, greater than or equal to 60% of the flux must originate from the outer 25% of the area of the afterglow image. The latter requirement is satisfied by the best-fit theoretical SBP. The underlying optical/infrared afterglow light curve is consistent with a model in which a jet is propagating into a uniform medium with the cooling break frequency below the optical band. C1 Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gaudi, BS (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 1 BP 178 EP 182 DI 10.1086/323244 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487PC UT WOS:000171883600017 ER PT J AU Kraemer, KE Jackson, JM Deutsch, LK Kassis, M Hora, JL Fazio, GG Hoffmann, WF Dayal, A AF Kraemer, KE Jackson, JM Deutsch, LK Kassis, M Hora, JL Fazio, GG Hoffmann, WF Dayal, A TI Dust characteristics of massive star-forming sites in the mid-infrared SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; infrared : ISM; ISM : individual (W51 IRS 2, Monoceros R2, DR 21, S140); ISM : lines and bands; stars : formation ID H-II REGIONS; MIDINFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; RADIO-CONTINUUM; RADIATION TRANSFER; THERMAL EMISSION; ORION-KL; DR-21; MASER; W51 AB Four massive star-forming regions were imaged in the mid-infrared with the MIRAC3 instrument: W51 IRS 2, Mon R2, DR 21, and S140. We obtained high spatial resolution (similar to1") images at several wavelengths from 7.8 to 13.2 mum with the circular variable filter, as well as narrow-band continuum images at 12.5 and 20.6 mum toward each region. In each massive star-forming region, one or more sources show deep silicate absorption. For at least two of the massive star-forming regions, W51 IRS 2 and Mon R2, the absorbing material is highly localized and may be circumstellar material in disks or shells. The silicate absorption occurs at least as often around massive young stars as around young stars of lower mass (which are more often observed). The estimated optical depths of the silicate features are consistent with those predicted by radiative transfer models toward ultracompact H II regions, but substantially higher than observed toward T Tauri stars and other low-mass young stellar objects. There is no consistent correspondence between silicate absorption and either the dust color temperature or the 12.5 km opacity. In W51 IRS 2, the two previously known mid-infrared sources have been resolved into at least six subsources. Infrared counterparts are newly reported for two radio-continuum sources in S140. Also, new mid-infrared sources have been detected in both W51 IRS 2 and S140. We suggest that the infrared source in the southwest of DR 21 may not be self-luminous, but may instead be heated by the three nearby radio continuum sources. The gas density in the ring at Mon R2 supports the blister scenario for the IRS 1 H II region. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 75 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 1 BP 282 EP 298 DI 10.1086/323219 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487PC UT WOS:000171883600027 ER PT J AU Wood, K Smith, D Whitney, B Stassun, K Kenyon, SJ Wolff, MJ Bjorkman, KS AF Wood, K Smith, D Whitney, B Stassun, K Kenyon, SJ Wolff, MJ Bjorkman, KS TI Scattered light models of protostellar envelopes: Multiple outflow cavities and misaligned circumstellar disks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; dust, extinction; ISM : jets and outflows; radiative transfer; stars : formation; stars : individual (T Tauri, IRAS 04016+2610) ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; AURIGA MOLECULAR CLOUD; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; TAURUS-AURIGA; T-TAURI; IMAGING POLARIMETRY; DENSE CORES; IMAGES; STARS; POLARIZATION AB Ground-based imaging, imaging polarimetry, and recent Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 and NICMOS images of protostars have revealed very complex scattered light patterns that cannot be entirely explained by two-dimensional radiation transfer models. We present here for the first time radiation transfer models of T Tau and IRAS 04016+2610 that are fully three-dimensional, with the aim of investigating the effects on image morphology of multiple illuminating sources and infalling envelopes that have been shaped by multiple outflows. For T Tau we have constructed scattered light models where the illumination of the surrounding envelope is by a binary, with each source surrounded by its own small circumstellar disk or envelope. We find that the asymmetries in the WFPC2 image of T Tau can be reproduced if the disks in the binary system are misaligned, consistent with a recently discovered bipolar outflow believed to originate from the secondary. For IRAS 04016+2610 we find that the observed scattered light pattern can be reproduced by scattering in an envelope with cavities carved by two sets of bipolar outflows, suggestive of an embedded binary system. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9AD, Fife, Scotland. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Ritter Observ, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Wood, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 64 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 1 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1086/323060 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487PC UT WOS:000171883600028 ER PT J AU Hinz, PM Hoffmann, WF Hora, JL AF Hinz, PM Hoffmann, WF Hora, JL TI Constraints on disk sizes around young intermediate-mass stars: Nulling interferometric observations of Herbig Ae objects SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (HD 150193, HD 163296, HD 179218); stars : pre-main-sequence; techniques : interferometric ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; T-TAURI STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; ACCRETION DISKS; DUST; SYSTEMS AB Physical models of circumstellar disks surrounding pre-main-sequence stars are currently constrained primarily by the spectral energy distribution of the system. Here we present first results from a survey of nearby Herbig Ae stars using nulling interferometry. We measure the spatial extent of the mid-IR emission for the stars HD 150193, HD 163296, and HD 179218. The results indicate that the size of mid-IR emission around Herbig Ae stars may be much smaller than current models predict. The observations constrain similar to 90% of the 10 mum flux to be within an approximately 20 AU diameter region, providing significant spatial limits for disk models. These results demonstrate the scientific potential for nulling interferometry to study circumstellar disks with better spatial discernment than is possible with standard mid-IR imaging. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hinz, PM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 1 BP L131 EP L134 DI 10.1086/324572 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487PD UT WOS:000171883700031 ER PT J AU Rines, K Geller, MJ Kurtz, MJ Diaferio, A Jarrett, TH Huchra, JP AF Rines, K Geller, MJ Kurtz, MJ Diaferio, A Jarrett, TH Huchra, JP TI Infrared mass-to-light profile throughout the infall region of the Coma Cluster SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; dark matter; galaxies : clusters : individual (Coma); galaxies : kinematics and dynamics galaxies : photometry ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; OUTER REGIONS; DYNAMICS; SUPERCLUSTER; CATALOG; ORIGIN; BIAS; BAND AB Using a redshift survey of 1779 galaxies and photometry from the Two Micron All Sky Survey covering 200 deg(2), we calculate independent mass and light profiles for the infall region of the Coma Cluster of galaxies. The redshift survey is complete to K(s) = 12.2 (622 galaxies), 1.2 mag fainter than M(Ks)*at the distance of Coma. We confirm the mass profile obtained by Geller, Diaferio, and Kurtz. The enclosed mass-to-light ratio measured in the K(s) band is approximately constant to a radius of 10 h(-1) Mpc, where M/L(Ks) = 75 +/- 23 h M./L., in agreement with weak-lensing results on similar scales. Within 2.5 h(-1) Mpc, X-ray estimates yield similar mass-to-light ratios (67 +/- 32 h). The constant enclosed mass-to-light ratio with radius suggests that the K-band light from bright galaxies in clusters traces the total mass on scales less than or similar to 10 h(-1) Mpc. Uncertainties in the mass profile imply that the mass-to-light ratio inside r(200) may be as much as a factor of 2.5 larger than that outside r(200). These data demonstrate that the K-band light is not positively biased with respect to the mass; we cannot rule out antibias. These results imply that Omega (m) = 0.17 +/- 0/05. Estimates of possible variations in M/L(Ks) with radius suggest that the density parameter is no smaller than Omega (m) approximate to 0.08. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen AMedeo Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91225 USA. RP Rines, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM krines@cfa.harvard.edu; mgeller@cfa.harvard.edu; mkurtz@cfa.harvard.edu; diaferio@ph.unito.it; jarrett@ipac.caltech.edu; huchra@cfa.harvard.edu RI KURTZ, Michael /B-3890-2009; OI Kurtz, Michael/0000-0002-6949-0090 NR 40 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 561 IS 1 BP L41 EP L44 DI 10.1086/324457 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 487PD UT WOS:000171883700010 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, AH Zaritsky, D Dalcanton, JJ Nelson, A AF Gonzalez, AH Zaritsky, D Dalcanton, JJ Nelson, A TI The Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey: The catalog SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : fundamental parameters galaxies : high-redshift; surveys ID BAND HUBBLE DIAGRAM; ESO IMAGING SURVEY; GALAXY CLUSTERS; COMPACT-GROUPS; DIFFUSE LIGHT; CLASSIFICATION; FLUCTUATIONS; EVOLUTION; MODELS; SEARCH AB We present an optically selected catalog of 1073 galaxy cluster and group candidates at 0.3 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 1. These candidates are drawn from the Las Campanas Distant Clusters Survey (LCDCS), a drift-scan imaging survey of a 130 square degree strip of the southern sky. To construct this catalog we utilize a novel detection process in which clusters are detected as positive surface brightness fluctuations in the background sky. This approach permits us to find clusters with significantly shallower data than other matched-filter methods that are based upon number counts of resolved galaxies. Selection criteria for the survey are fully automated so that this sample constitutes a well-defined, homogeneous sample that can be used to address issues of cluster evolution and cosmology. Estimated redshifts are derived for the entire sample, and an observed correlation between surface brightness and velocity dispersion, sigma, is used to estimate the limiting velocity dispersion of the survey as a function of redshift. We find a net surface density of 15.5 candidates per square degree at z(est) greater than or equal to 0.3, with a false-detection rate of similar to 30%. At z similar to 0.3 we probe down to the level of poor groups while by z similar to 0.8 we detect only the most massive systems (sigma greater than or similar to 1000 km s(-1)). We also present a supplemental catalog of 112 candidates that fail one or more of the automated selection criteria, but appear from visual inspection to be bona fide clusters. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gonzalez, AH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 55 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 137 IS 1 BP 117 EP 138 DI 10.1086/322541 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 492CL UT WOS:000172149800004 ER PT J AU Shapley, A Fabbiano, G Eskridge, PB AF Shapley, A Fabbiano, G Eskridge, PB TI A multivariate statistical analysis of spiral galaxy luminosities. I. Data and results SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE galaxies : photometry; galaxies : spiral; methods : statistical; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID EXTRAGALACTIC DISTANCE SCALE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; TULLY-FISHER RELATION; RADIO-CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; FAR-INFRARED EMISSION; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; EXPANDING PHOTOSPHERE METHOD; COMPOSITE STELLAR-SYSTEMS; ABSOLUTE PEAK BRIGHTNESS; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION AB We have performed a multiparametric analysis of luminosity data for a sample of 234 normal spiral and irregular galaxies observed in X-rays with the Einstein Observatory. This sample is representative of S and Irr galaxies, with a good coverage of morphological types and absolute magnitudes. In addition to X-ray and optical data, we have compiled H-band magnitudes, IRAS near- and far-infrared, and 6 cm radio continuum observations for the sample from the literature. We have also performed a careful compilation of distance estimates. We have explored the effect of morphology by dividing the sample into early- (S0/a-Sab), intermediate- (Sb-Sbc), and late-type (Sc-Irr) subsamples. The data were analyzed with bivariate and multivariate survival analysis techniques that make full use of all the information available in both detections and limits. We find that most pairs of luminosities are correlated when considered individually, and this is not due to a distance bias. Different luminosity-luminosity correlations follow different power-law relations. Contrary to previous reports, the L-X-L-B correlation follows a power law with exponent larger than 1. Both the significances of some correlations and their power-law relations are morphology dependent. Our analysis confirms the "representative" nature of our sample, by returning well-known results derived from previous analyses of independent samples of galaxies (e.g., the L-B-L-H, L-12-L-FIR, and L-FIR-L-6 cm correlations). Our multivariate analysis suggests that there are two fundamentally strong correlations, regardless of galaxy morphology, when all the wave bands are analyzed together with conditional probability methods. These are the L-B-L-H and the L-12-L-FIR correlations. As it is well known, the former links stellar emission processes and points to a basic connection between the initial mass function of low-mass and intermediate- to high-mass stars. The latter may be related to the heating of small and larger size dust grains by the same UV photon field. Other highly significant "fundamental" correlations exist but are morphology dependent. In particular, in the late sample (Sc-Irr) we see an overall connection of mid-IR, far-IR, and radio continuum emission, which could be related to the presence of star-forming activity in these galaxies, while in early-type spirals (S0/a-Sab), we find no strong direct link of FIR and radio continuum. This paper gives a compilation of both input data and results of our systematic statistical analysis, as well as a discussion of potential biases. Results relevant to both X-ray and multiwavelength emission properties are analyzed further and discussed in Paper II. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Shapley, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 153 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 137 IS 1 BP 139 EP 199 DI 10.1086/322998 PG 61 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 492CL UT WOS:000172149800005 ER PT J AU Ginsburg, RN Gischler, E Kiene, WE AF Ginsburg, RN Gischler, E Kiene, WE TI Partial mortality of massive reef-building corals: An index of patch reef condition, Florida Reef Tract SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID KEY-LARGO; AGE; SIZE AB Patch reefs are by far the most numerous reef type of the Florida Reef Tract. As they occur along the inner shelf, they are the nearest reefs to potential anthropogenic impacts from the islands of the Florida Keys by runoff of pollutants, fishing, boating and diving. Massive corals of four genera (Montastraea spp., Diploria spp., Siderastrea siderea and Colpophyllia natans) are the major reef builders of the patch reefs distributed discontinuously along some 200 km between the latitudes of Miami and Key West. To assess the condition of this coral community, we estimated and measured percent dead tissue of 3232 colonies by species and size on 22 shallow patch reef sites, Most colonies have diameters between 10-60 cm; those that are larger, to 300 cm, usually occur in clusters, which provide sheltered cavities for fishes and lobster. The size distributions of all but one of the nine species examined are skewed toward the smaller sizes. The smaller number of larger colonies is believed to be the result of the cumulative effects of disease, bioerosion, and removal by storm waves. For colonies <1 m in diameter, we made visual estimates of percent dead tissue by thirds (< 1/3, 1/3-2/3, >2/3) of each colony. Large variations are the rule at most sites and between sites. However, of all colonies combined 74% have less than 1/3 dead tissue, with only a small standard deviation, and cluster analysis revealed no major spatial variations. Overall, species of Diploria have less dead tissue than most other species and M. annularis generally has more than other species. The amount of dead tissue on clusters of colonies >1 m. was measured by the line point intercept method of Loya (1978) along radial transect lines. It shows the same large variations within and between reefs as found for the smaller specimens. However, the amount of dead tissue on 60% of the 65 clusters measured is between 40-70%, much larger than on smaller colonies. The amount of dead tissue in the clusters in the Middle and Lower Keys is significantly higher than for clusters off the Upper Keys (Key Largo-Elliot Key) according to the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. Given the overall marginal conditions for reef corals in the Florida Reef Tract-periodic low or high temperatures; periodic high turbidity, locally unfavorable water quality-we believe that the condition of massive corals does not show clear evidence of direct anthropogenic impacts. Our results do indicate the negative impacts of storms and of locally unfavorable water quality either in the nearshore zone or from the effluent of shallow, lagoonal Florida Bay. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geol Palaontol, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ginsburg, RN (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 49 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1149 EP 1173 PG 25 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 532UX UT WOS:000174494400009 ER PT J AU Rowe, DL Murphy, MT Fleischer, RC Wolf, PG AF Rowe, DL Murphy, MT Fleischer, RC Wolf, PG TI High frequency of extra-pair paternity in Eastern Kingbirds SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; Eastern Kingbird; extra-pair fertilization; parentage; Tyrannus tyrannus ID INTRASPECIFIC BROOD PARASITISM; BREEDING SYNCHRONY; MATING SYSTEM; DNA; PARENTAGE; BIRDS; FERTILIZATIONS; SWALLOWS; INDEX AB Genetic parentage in the socially monogamous and territorial Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) was examined in a central New York population by multilocus DNA fingerprinting. Extra-pair young were identified in 60% (12 of 20) of nests. Of the 64 nestlings profiled, 42% were sired by extra-pair males, but no cases of conspecific brood parasitism were detected. These results are markedly different from a previous electrophoretic study of the same species in a Michigan population, which reported 39% of nestlings were unrelated to one (typically the mother, quasiparasitism) or both (conspecific brood parasitism) of the putative parents. In the New York population, extra-pair paternity was most common among females that returned to breed on a former territory. Among females that were new to a breeding territory, extrapair paternity increased directly with breeding density: Although the power of the tests was low, neither breeding synchrony nor male experience with a breeding territory appeared to be associated with the occurrence of extra-pair young. C1 Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Mol Genet Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Murphy, MT (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RI Wolf, Paul/F-7664-2010 OI Wolf, Paul/0000-0002-4317-6976 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 2001 VL 103 IS 4 BP 845 EP 851 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0845:HFOEPP]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 491XM UT WOS:000172135400019 ER PT J AU Miriti, MN Wright, SJ Howe, HF AF Miriti, MN Wright, SJ Howe, HF TI The effects of neighbors on the demography of a dominant desert shrub (Ambrosia dumosa) SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Ambrosia dumosa; desert plants; elasticity; habitat-specific modeling; life table response experiment; matrix projections; neighbors; plant demography; plant population biology; spatial and temporal variation ID POPULATION-GROWTH RATE; TABLE RESPONSE EXPERIMENTS; DIPSACUS-SYLVESTRIS-HUDS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SPATIAL PATTERN; SONORAN DESERT; MOJAVE-DESERT; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; PROJECTION MATRIX; VEGETATION CHANGE AB We used patch-specific matrix models to test the influence of neighboring plants on the demography of Ambrosia dumosa, a dominant perennial shrub of the Colorado Desert in southern California. In the desert literature, the presence or absence of neighboring plants is reported to influence plant growth and survival and has long been associated with plant-plant interactions that range from extreme competition to facilitation. Here we consider the less addressed question of how neighbor-defined population subsets contribute differently to overall population dynamics. Demographic data collected from > 6000 individual plants from a permanently mapped hectare over 10 yr were used to divide this A. dumosa population into subsets that were defined by the presence or absence of neighbors. By partitioning the population in this way, we documented differences in population growth, elasticity structure, and stable size structure among the distinct patch types, and evaluated the contributions of each patch type to overall population dynamics. Population growth was consistently higher for population subsets of plants that were isolated throughout their ontogeny, compared to those with close neighbors throughout their ontogeny. Further, overall population growth was proportionally more sensitive to perturbations involving isolated adults, despite the projected persistence of plants with close neighbors. In short, changes in survival of isolated adults had a greater influence on population growth than changes in survival of adults with neighbors. We used life table response experiments (LTREs) to test for spatiotemporal effects of neighbors. The LTRE was consistent with the elasticity analyses in showing that dynamics among adult members made the greatest contribution to the observed differences in population growth among the neighbor-defined population subsets during each census period. Neighbor effects among adults were greater and more important than temporal variation in drought levels in decreasing population growth relative to a pooled 10-yr reference matrix that ignored neighbor effects. Although neighbor effects contributed greatly to differences in population growth among the models projected, the LTRE revealed that, relative to the reference matrix, transitions among juvenile size classes decreased population growth for the predominantly drought free 1984-1989 census interval and increased population growth for the 1989-1994 interval, which included four winters of extreme drought. We hypothesize that higher mortality during periods of high rainfall was due to increased competition among plants, especially in favor of adults at the expense of juveniles. The drought period was also characterized by increased recruitment of new adults, probably reflecting diminished competition from adults for well-established juveniles capable of growing into reproductive condition after elimination of smaller juveniles during 1984-1989. Our habitat-specific partitioning of this population revealed dramatic differences in the demographic behavior of this population and showed that neighbor status is a structuring force in this plant community. Neighbor effects were shown to be dependent on plant size and suggest that conspicuous clumped distributions of adults reflect leftover individuals with diminished demographic influence remaining in a population that is largely driven by isolated adults. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci MC 066, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Miriti, MN (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Howe, Henry F/B-8749-2014; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Howe, Henry F/0000-0001-5081-2128; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 99 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 71 IS 4 BP 491 EP 509 DI 10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071[0491:TEONOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 494FZ UT WOS:000172272200001 ER PT J AU Burney, DA James, HF Burney, LP Olson, SL Kikuchi, W Wagner, WL Burney, M McCloskey, D Kikuchi, D Grady, FV Gage, R Nishek, R AF Burney, DA James, HF Burney, LP Olson, SL Kikuchi, W Wagner, WL Burney, M McCloskey, D Kikuchi, D Grady, FV Gage, R Nishek, R TI Fossil evidence for a diverse biota from Kaua'i and its transformation since human arrival SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; birds; diatoms; extinctions; Hawaiian Islands; human impacts; land snails; paleoecology; paleontology; plant macrofossils; pollen; tsunami ID BIRDS; EXTINCTIONS; ECOLOGY; ISLANDS; RECORD; HAWAII AB Coring and excavations in a large sinkhole and cave system formed in an eolianite deposit on the south coast of Kaua'i in the Hawaiian Islands reveal a fossil site with remarkable preservation and diversity of plant and animal remains. Radiocarbon dating and investigations of the sediments and their fossil contents, including diatoms, invertebrate shells, vertebrate bones, pollen, and plant macrofossils, provide a more complete picture of prehuman ecological conditions in the Hawaiian lowlands than has been previously available. The evidence confirms that a highly diverse prehuman landscape has been completely transformed, with the decline or extirpation of most native species and their replacement with introduced species. The stratigraphy documents many late Holocene extinctions, including previously undescribed species, and suggests that the pattern of extirpation for snails occurred in three temporal stages, corresponding to initial settlement, late prehistoric, and historic impacts. The site also records land-use changes of recent centuries, including evidence for deforestation, overgrazing, and soil erosion during the historic period, and biological invasion during both the Polynesian and historic periods. Human artifacts and midden materials demonstrate a high-density human presence near the site for the last four centuries. Earlier evidence for humans includes a bone of the prehistorically introduced Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) dating to 822 yr BP (calendar year [cal yr] AD 1039-1241). Vegetation at the site before human arrival consisted of a herbaceous component with strand plants and graminoids, and a woody component that included trees and shrubs now mostly restricted to a few higher, wetter, and less disturbed parts of the island. Efforts to restore lowland areas in the Hawaiian Islands must take into account the evidence from this study that the prehuman lowlands of dry leeward Kaua'i included plants and animals previously known only in wetter and cooler habitats. Many species may be restricted to high elevations today primarily because these remote locations have, by virtue of their difficult topography and climate, resisted most human-induced changes more effectively than the coastal lowlands. C1 Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Kauai Community Coll, Lihue, HI 96766 USA. Natl Trop Bot Garden, Lawai, HI 96756 USA. RP Burney, DA (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. EM burney@fordham.edu NR 61 TC 131 Z9 142 U1 7 U2 36 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 71 IS 4 BP 615 EP 641 DI 10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071[0615:FEFADB]2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 494FZ UT WOS:000172272200006 ER PT J AU Stanley, JD Randazzo, G AF Stanley, JD Randazzo, G TI Petrologic database to define the human-reworked, sediment-deficient plain of the Rio Grande delta, Texas SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dams; gulf coast; irrigation; organic matter; water diversion ID SEA-LEVEL RISE AB Petrologic investigation of surficial samples collected on the Rio Grande delta plain in Texas in 1999 provides the record of a sediment cover resulting from interaction of natural transport processes and rapidly increased human activity. Numerous sediment samples collected in 10 different depositional environments identified on the plain are used to generate a database that includes information on grain size, total organic matter and composition of sand-size particles. Petrologic data record a less altered sediment cover than might have been expected, with little overall blurring of areal boundaries of depositional environments and obvious modification of original depositional facies. This apparent lack of sediment change has occurred in spite of markedly diminished discharge of water and sediment to the Rio Grande delta, and continued in situ anthropogenic reworking of the pre-dam (1916 and older) surficial cover. The most important influence on delta plain evolution since the latter half of the 1800s has been artificial subdivision of the former plain into hundreds of small, sediment-starved sections that are topographically and hydrographically isolated from each other by a dense network of irrigation canals, levees and roads. Human activity has artificially transformed the original Holocene Rio Grande delta to a destructional phase coastal plain that is no longer progradational, but rather undergoing substantial coastal erosion. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Deltas Global Change Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Messina, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-98166 Messina, Italy. RP Stanley, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Deltas Global Change Program, E-206 NMNH, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 53 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 496UM UT WOS:000172415500005 ER PT J AU Lupton, E AF Lupton, E TI Carin Goldberg's variations on book design SO GRAPHIS LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Cooper Hewitt Natl Design Museum, New York, NY USA. Maryland Inst Coll Art, Graphic Design Dept, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lupton, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Cooper Hewitt Natl Design Museum, New York, NY USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GRAPHIS PI NEW YORK PA B MARTIN PENDERSEN PUBL & CREATIVE DIRECTOR 141 LEXINGTON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0017-3452 J9 GRAPHIS JI Graphis PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 IS 336 BP 74 EP + PG 0 WC Art SC Art GA 517UY UT WOS:000173629600008 ER PT J AU Proschan, F AF Proschan, F TI Peoples of the gourd: Imagined ethnicities in highland southeast Asia SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Folklife & Cultural Heritage, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Proschan, F (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Folklife & Cultural Heritage, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 79 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN ASIAN STUDIES INC PI ANN ARBOR PA UNIV MICH 1 LANE HALL, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0021-9118 J9 J ASIAN STUD JI J. Asian Stud. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 60 IS 4 BP 999 EP 1032 DI 10.2307/2700018 PG 34 WC Area Studies; Asian Studies SC Area Studies; Asian Studies GA 502YD UT WOS:000172769600002 ER PT J AU Gomez, NE Witte, L AF Gomez, NE Witte, L TI A simple method to extract essential oils from tissue samples by using microwave radiation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microwave; essential oil; Cordia curassavica; Chrysomelidae; Boraginaceae; lower terpenes; extraction method; chamomile ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; STEAM DISTILLATION; VOLATILE OIL; PLANT; YIELD AB A microwave protocol to extract lipophilic substances from tissue was modified to extract essential oils (EOs) from plant tissue and insect feculae. The material, in a solvent transparent to microwave radiation, is exposed for a short time to steam in a microwave oven. EO extracts are analyzed directly by GC or GC-MS when plant material is fresh and terpenes contained in glandular structures on leaf surfaces are readily released into the solvent. For dried material or insect feculae, mechanical means are utilized first to break up tissue; however, the complete procedure is carried out inside the same vial to reduce losses. Statistical analysis shows that the reproducibility of the modified method is high. Several samples can be run within an hour with this method. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Pharmazeut Biol, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Gomez, NE (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 2072, Balboa, Panama. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 27 IS 11 BP 2351 EP 2359 DI 10.1023/A:1012295307740 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 493LM UT WOS:000172224400015 PM 11817086 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, PA Lemaitre, R AF McLaughlin, PA Lemaitre, R TI A new family for a new genus and new species of hermit crab of the superfamily Paguroidea (Decapoda : Anomura) and its phylogenetic implications SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRUSTACEA DECAPODA; KARUBAR CRUISE; PARAPAGURIDAE; PAGURIDAE; INDONESIA AB A new family, Pylojacquesidae, is proposed for Pylojacquesia colemani, new genus and species. Although the new family, with its monotypic genus, exhibits characters of both superfamilies of the Section Paguridea, it is tentatively assigned to the Paguroidea until additional material becomes available that would permit a more detailed study. The new family Pylojacquesidae is diagnosed, and its type genus and species are described and illustrated. The possible phylogenetic relationships of the new genus are discussed, A key to all the families of hermit crabs is presented. C1 Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP McLaughlin, PA (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. NR 64 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1062 EP 1076 DI 10.1651/0278-0372(2001)021[1062:ANFFAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 491NJ UT WOS:000172114500020 ER PT J AU Gunderson, JH Goss, SH Coats, DW AF Gunderson, JH Goss, SH Coats, DW TI FISH probes for the detection of the parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya sp infecting the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea in Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alveolate; dinoflagellate; fluorescein; hybridization; in situ; parasite; rRNA; small subunit; Syndiniophyceae; Texas Red ID WHOLE-CELL HYBRIDIZATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; GYMNODINIUM-SANGUINEUM; IDENTIFICATION; PHYLOGENY AB A comparison of the small subunit rRNA sequences of a Chesapeake Bay strain of the kind the dinoflagellate Amoebophrya sp. parasitizing it revealed several potential target sites that could be used to detect the parasite through in situ hybridization. The fluorescence of probed cells under various conditions of hybridization was measured by using a spot meter on a Nikon UFX-11 camera attachment so that the effect of various hybridization parameters on probe binding could be determined. Probes directed against both the junction between helices 8 and 11 kind helix 46 could detect the parasite, although the helix 8/11 probe produced a stronger signal under the conditions tested. The fluorescence of the probed cells increased with increasing hybridization time up to approximately melee hours. The background fluorescence vas lower at the wavelengths used to detect Texas Red than at those used to detect fluorescein. so probed cells were more distinct when Texas Red was used as the label. Cells stored in cold paraformaldehyde for a year still bound the probes. Young stages of the parasite could be seen more readily after in situ hybridization than after protargol impregnation. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Gunderson, JH (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Biol, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 48 IS 6 BP 670 EP 675 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00207.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 516VB UT WOS:000173576500009 PM 11831776 ER PT J AU Zotz, G Hietz, P AF Zotz, G Hietz, P TI The physiological ecology of vascular epiphytes: current knowledge, open questions SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review DE epiphytes; intraspecific variation; mortality; nutrient relations; phenotypic plasticity; photosynthesis; water relations ID CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; CARBON-ISOTOPE-DISCRIMINATION; CAM-TREE CLUSIA; DIMERANDRA-EMARGINATA; WATER RELATIONS; RAIN-FOREST; PLANT SIZE; ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL COMPORTMENT; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; VRIESEA-SANGUINOLENTA AB The current knowledge of the physiological ecology of vascular epiphytes is reviewed here with an emphasis on the most recent literature. It is argued that by far the most relevant abiotic constraint for growth and vegetative function of vascular epiphytes is water shortage, while other factors such as nutrient availability or irradiation, are generally of inferior importance. However, it is shown that the present understanding of epiphyte biology is still highly biased, both taxonomically and ecologically, and it is concluded that any generalizations are still preliminary. Future studies should include a much wider range of taxa and growing sites within the canopy to reach a better understanding how abiotic factors are limiting epiphyte growth and survival which, in turn, should affect epiphyte community composition. Finally, a more integrative approach to epiphyte biology is encouraged: physiological investigations should be balanced by studies of other possible constraints, for example, substrate instability, dispersal limitation, competition or herbivory. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Bot 2, D-97082 Wurzburg, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Agr Sci, Inst Bot, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Zotz, G (reprint author), Univ Basel, Inst Bot, Schonbeinstr 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM gerjard.zotz@unibas.ch OI Hietz, Peter/0000-0002-0458-6593 NR 100 TC 141 Z9 160 U1 8 U2 49 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 52 IS 364 BP 2067 EP 2078 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 486YR UT WOS:000171847400001 PM 11604445 ER PT J AU Ubelaker, DH AF Ubelaker, DH TI Artificial radiocarbon as an indicator of recent origin of organic remains in forensic cases SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; radiocarbon; antiquity; skeleton AB From 1950 to 1963 atmospheric testing of thermonuclear devices produced elevated levels of artificial carbon-14 in the atmosphere. Terrestrial organic material from that time period displays carbon-14 activity nearly twice the pre-1950 levels. Measurement of the carbon-14 activity within organic specimens from forensic cases can reveal if the material dates before or after about 1955. Such information can prove important in some cases in determining if the material is sufficiently recent to be of forensic concern. Application of this technique to an unidentified human skeleton from the American southwest is discussed. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ubelaker, DH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1287 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 487RA UT WOS:000171888000002 PM 11714136 ER PT J AU Cranmer, SR AF Cranmer, SR TI Ion cyclotron diffusion of velocity distributions in the extended solar corona SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID FREQUENCY ALFVEN WAVES; COSMIC-RAY TRANSPORT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; WIND IONS; RESONANT INTERACTIONS; TURBULENCE-DRIVEN; TRANSITION REGION; MINOR IONS; HEAVY-IONS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION AB The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory has revealed strong kinetic anisotropies and extremely large perpendicular temperatures of heavy ions in the extended solar corona. These observations have revived interest in the idea that the high-speed solar wind is heated and accelerated by the dissipation of ion cyclotron resonant Alfven waves. This process naturally produces departures from Maxwellian and bi-Maxwellian velocity distributions. Here it is argued that these departures must be taken into account in order to understand the resonant velocity space diffusion, the wave damping, and the formation of ultraviolet emission lines. Time-dependent ion velocity distributions are computed for a fixed spectrum of waves in a homogeneous plasma, and the moments of the distributions are compared with simple bi-Maxwellian models. The existence of a boundary, in parallel velocity space, between resonance and nonresonance produces an effective saturation of the velocity space diffusion that bi-Maxwellian models could not predict. The damping of an input wave spectrum is computed for a coronal population of 1000 ion species with the above saturation effect included. For realistic levels of fluctuation power, it is concluded that waves propagating solely from the coronal base would not bt, able to heat and accelerate the ions that have been observed to exhibit strong energization and that local wave generation is required. Ultraviolet emission line profiles are computed for the derived non-Maxwellian distributions, and possible unique identifiers of the ion cyclotron resonance mechanism are noted. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cranmer, SR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,Mail Stop 50, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM scranmer@cfa.harvard.edu NR 116 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A11 BP 24937 EP 24954 DI 10.1029/2001JA000012 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 490JT UT WOS:000172049300037 ER PT J AU Compton, LA Clarke, JA Seidensticker, J Ingrisano, DR AF Compton, LA Clarke, JA Seidensticker, J Ingrisano, DR TI Acoustic characteristics of white-nosed coati vocalizations: A test of motivation-structural rules SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE motivation-structural rules; Nasua narica; vocalizations; white-nosed coati ID MAMMAL SOUNDS AB Vocalizations of white-nosed coatis (Nasua narica) emitted in nonaggressive and aggressive contexts were measured and compared to determine if these calls exhibited acoustic characteristics in accordance with motivation-structural (MS) rules. "Chirp" and "squawk" calls were compared spectrographically using 11 coatis from 3 zoos. Chirps were short-duration (68.6-212.0 ms), high-maximum frequency (16.2-17.9 kHz), tonal calls with frequency modulations. Squawks were longer-duration (177.9-546.5 ms), low-maximum frequency (8.4-13.2 kHz), wide-bandwidth calls with 6 resonances and little frequency modulation. Squawks differed from chirps in duration, maximum frequency, and change in frequency (P < 0.001). Chirps were emitted during nonaggressive behaviors, whereas squawks were emitted during agonistic encounters. Squawks conformed to MS rule predictions for aggressive calls, and chirps supported MS rule predictions for nonaggressive contexts, but some exceptional characteristics were noted in chirps. Many chirps (67.7%) concluded with a short-duration, broad-bandwidth sound with high energy in low frequencies, and may represent variations of a graded call. C1 Univ No Colorado, Dept Biol Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ No Colorado, Dept Commun Disorders, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. RP Clarke, JA (reprint author), Univ No Colorado, Dept Biol Sci, 501 20th St, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 82 IS 4 BP 1054 EP 1058 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<1054:ACOWNC>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 496GH UT WOS:000172387500017 ER PT J AU Jiang, XL Hoffmann, RS AF Jiang, XL Hoffmann, RS TI A revision of the white-toothed shrews (Crocidura) of Southern China SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Crocidura; distribution; multivariate analysis; Southern China; taxonomic revision ID GENUS CROCIDURA; SORICIDAE; MAMMALIA; INSECTIVORA AB Many systematic relationships among Chinese white-toothed shrews of genus Crocidura are presently unresolved. In this paper, a taxonomic revision of Crocidura from Southern China is presented. We studied 338 specimens from Burma, China, Korea, Pakistan, Turkey, Middle and Central Asia, and Russia (Appendix I), 285 of which had complete skulls that were analyzed with principal component and discriminant analyses. Results indicated that 6 species of Crocidura can be recognized in South China. C. fuliginosa occurs in Southwestern and Eastern China, C. attenuata is broadly distributed throughout Southern China, and C. horsfieldii is restricted to the southern part of China. C vorax and C. rapax, usually placed as synonyms of the European C russula, are recognized as 2 valid species whose ranges overlap in Southwestern China. C. shantungensis of Eastern Asia extends to the northern part of Southern China and is distinct from C. suaveolens and C. gmelini of Middle and Central Asia, respectively. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Zool, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Hoffmann, RS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM hoffmann.robert@nmnh.si.edu NR 39 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 82 IS 4 BP 1059 EP 1079 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<1059:AROTWT>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 496GH UT WOS:000172387500018 ER PT J AU Daniel, P AF Daniel, P TI Redefining Southern culture: Mind and identity in the modern South SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Amer Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Daniel, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Amer Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 67 IS 4 BP 905 EP 907 DI 10.2307/3070310 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 493EX UT WOS:000172210000074 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Williamson, GB Delamonica, P Oliveira, A Lovejoy, TE Gascon, C Pohl, L AF Laurance, WF Williamson, GB Delamonica, P Oliveira, A Lovejoy, TE Gascon, C Pohl, L TI Effects of a strong drought on Amazonian forest fragments and edges SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amazon; biomass; drought; edge effects; forest dynamics; El Nino; ENSO; habitat fragmentation; tree mortality ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; EL-NINO; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; TREE COMMUNITIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; MORTALITY; FIRE AB Little is known about how climatic variability affects fragmented forests and their abrupt edges. We contrasted effects of the 1997 El Nino drought between fragmented and continuous forests in central Amazonia, using long-term data on tree mortality. For 23 permanent 1-ha plots, annualized mortality rates of trees greater than or equal to 10 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) were compared among a 'baseline' interval of 5-17 N, before the drought, a 12-16-month inter-Val during the drought, and a 12-13-month interval after the drought, using repeated-measures ANOVA. We also examined the size distributions of dead trees for each interval. During the drought, average annual tree mortality rose significantly in both forest edges (from 2.44% to 2.93%) and interiors (from 1.13% to 1.91%), and the magnitude of this increase did not differ significantly between edges and interiors. After the drought, tree mortality declined in all plots, but most dramatically on edges. Mortality rates were more Variable over time on edges than interiors, and there was no evidence of time lags in mortality. In forest interiors, the size distributions of trees that died did not differ significantly among the three intervals. On edges, however, relatively fewer small (10-15 cm dbh) and more medium-sized (20-30 cm dbh) trees died in the post-drought interval, compared to other intervals. Moreover, forest edges lost a significantly higher proportion of large (greater than or equal to 60 cm dbh) trees than did forest interiors. These results suggest that droughts have relatively complex effects on fragmented Amazonian forests. Drought effects in our forest fragments probably were reduced by prior floristic and structural changes near edges and by adjoining regrowth forest that partially buffered edge vegetation from desiccating conditions. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. INPA, Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Bot, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama. RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Oliveira, Alexandre/G-8830-2012 OI Oliveira, Alexandre/0000-0001-5526-8109 NR 66 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 22 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 17 BP 771 EP 785 PN 6 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 501AM UT WOS:000172660900001 ER PT J AU Dickinson, MB Hermann, SM Whigham, DF AF Dickinson, MB Hermann, SM Whigham, DF TI Low rates of background canopy-gap disturbance in a seasonally dry forest in the Yucatan Peninsula with a history of fires and hurricanes SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE basal rot; modes of gap formation; snapping; standing mortality; uprooting ID RAIN-FOREST; DYNAMICS; TREES C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Dickinson, MB (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Kananaskis Field Stn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219; Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 17 BP 895 EP 902 PN 6 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 501AM UT WOS:000172660900008 ER PT J AU Bowenkamp, KE Frasca, S Draghi, A Tsongalis, GJ Koerting, C Hinckley, L De Guise, S Montali, RJ Goertz, CEC St Aubin, DJ Dunn, JL AF Bowenkamp, KE Frasca, S Draghi, A Tsongalis, GJ Koerting, C Hinckley, L De Guise, S Montali, RJ Goertz, CEC St Aubin, DJ Dunn, JL TI Mycobacterium marinum dermatitis and panniculitis with chronic pleuritis in a captive white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) with aortic rupture SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS; PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS; SPECIES LEVEL; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; DIFFERENTIATION; NOCARDIA; LESIONS AB A 16-year-old female white whale, Delphinapterus leucas, died after nearly 18 months of chronic lymphopenia and pyogranulomatous dermatitis. Necropsy revealed rupture of the aorta with hemorrhage into the cranial mediastinum and between fascial planes of the ventral neck musculature. Multiple foci of ulcerative dermatitis and panniculitis were present across the thorax and abdomen and surrounded the genital folds. In addition, there was a chronic proliferative pleuritis with over 20 liters of histiocytic exudate in the thoracic cavity. Acid-fast bacteria consistent with Mycobacterium sp. were identified in sections of skin lesions and in cytospins of pleural exudate. Cultures of pleura and I skin lesion collected at necropsy yielded sparse growth of an acid-fast bacillus with colony characteristics and morphology consistent with Mycobacterium marinum. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis confirmed the presence of M. marinum DNA in samples of skin. This is the first documented occurrence of mycobacteriosis in a white whale and is a unique presentation of mycobacterial dermatitis and panniculitis with chronic pleuritis in a cetacean. The improved PCR-RFLP protocol utilized in this case unifies techniques from several protocols to differentiate between species of Nocardia and rapidly growing mycobacteria clinically relevant to aquatic animals. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Harvard Univ, New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Sch Med, Div Comparat Pathol, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. Hartford Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Hartford, CT 06102 USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Mystic Aquarium, Dept Res & Vet Serv, Mystic, CT 06344 USA. RP Bowenkamp, KE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, 61 N Eagleville Rd,U-3089, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [T32RR0700] NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 13 IS 6 BP 524 EP 530 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 489MB UT WOS:000171994200013 PM 11724146 ER PT J AU Lidgard, DC Boness, DJ Bowen, WD AF Lidgard, DC Boness, DJ Bowen, WD TI A novel mobile approach to investigating mating tactics in male grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Halichoerus grypus; mating systems; alternative mating tactics; reproductive ecology ID HARBOR SEAL; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; MATERNAL INVESTMENT; DIVING BEHAVIOR; NORTH RONA; SUCCESS; ENERGETICS; DOMINANCE; SIZE; AGE AB Studies of the grey seal Halichoerus grypus mating system, using focal animal sampling constrained by study site location and size, limit the measurement of variation in male mating tactics and success. Using this method, the mating tactics of grey seal males have been classified as either 'tenured' or 'transient'. Preliminary evidence is presented of wider variation in male mating tactics and success using mobile focal-animal techniques that are not constrained by site, and of the effects of age on behaviour when accounting for body mass. The study was conducted during the breeding seasons of 1997 and 1998 at Sable Island, Nova Scotia. Six young (11-12 years) and five old (20-25 years) males were captured at the beginning of the breeding season, weighed and fitted with a VHF transmitter and time-depth recorder. Each male was located daily, and a count or late-lactating females within a 10 m radius recorded as a measure of mating potential. Female guarding and observed copulatory attempts were used as a measure of mating success. Mean initial body mass of young males and old males was similar, 291 +/- 13 kg and 298 +/- 14 kg, respectively. All males changed location during the study period. Young males changed sites more often and moved shorter distances between sites than old males. Estimated mating success varied from probably no matings to a minimum of seven; there were no differences between young and old males. Maximum duration of stay at a site and the number of late-lactating females at a site significantly influenced mating success. All the males except for two young males departed on diving excursions during the breeding season and engaged in deep diving behaviour. Diving behaviour did not differ between the age classes. Our results indicate that the current classification of mating tactics in grey seal males is an oversimplification. Preliminary data show that age may account for some of the variation in male behaviour on land and mating success, but not for behaviour at sea. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Marine Fish Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Lidgard, DC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Conservat Biol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RI Bowen, William/D-2758-2012 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI PORT CHESTER PA 110 MIDLAND AVE, PORT CHESTER, NY 10573-9863 USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 255 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1017/S0952836901001418 PN 3 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 493MQ UT WOS:000172227600006 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI Pictures and tears. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 18 BP 86 EP + PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 487TH UT WOS:000171891000054 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI Art matters. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 18 BP 86 EP + PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 487TH UT WOS:000171891000053 ER PT J AU Riley, S AF Riley, S TI Kill your darlings. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Riley, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 18 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 487TH UT WOS:000171891000259 ER PT J AU Wynen, LP Goldsworthy, SD Insley, SJ Adams, M Bickham, JW Francis, J Gallo, JP Hoelzel, AR Majluf, P White, RWG Slade, R AF Wynen, LP Goldsworthy, SD Insley, SJ Adams, M Bickham, JW Francis, J Gallo, JP Hoelzel, AR Majluf, P White, RWG Slade, R TI Phylogenetic relationships within the eared seals (Otariidae : Carnivora): Implications for the historical biogeography of the family SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Otariidae; mtDNA; phylogeny; fur seal; sea lion; cytochrome b; control region ID FUR SEALS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-VARIATION; DNA-SEQUENCE; ARCTOCEPHALUS; EVOLUTION; TREES; PINNIPEDS; MAMMALIA AB Phylogenetic relationships within the family Otariidae were investigated using two regions of the mitochondrial genome. A 360-bp region of the cytochrome b gene was employed for the primary phylogenetic analysis, while a 356-bp segment of the control region was used to enhance resolution of the terminal nodes. Traditional classification of the family into the subfamilies Arctocephalinae (fur seals) and Otariinae (sea lions) is not supported, with the fur seal Callorhinus ursinus having a basal relationship relative to the rest of the family. This is consistent with the fossil record which suggests that this genus diverged from the line leading to the remaining fur seals and sea lions about 6 million years ago (mya). There is also little evidence to support or refute the monophyly of sea lions. Four sea lion clades and five far seal clades were observed, but relationships among these clades are unclear. Similar genetic divergences between the sea lion clades (D-a = 0.054-0.078), as well as between the major Arctocephalus far seal clades (D-a = 0.040-0.069) suggest that these groups underwent periods of rapid radiation at about the time they diverged from each other. Rapid radiations of this type make the resolution of relationships between the resulting species difficult and indicate the requirement for additional molecular data from both nuclear and mitochondrial genes. The phylogenetic relationships within the family and the genetic distances among some taxa highlight inconsistencies in the current taxonomic classification of the family. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Tasmania, Antarct Wildlife Res Unit, Hobart, Tas, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Hobart, Tas, Australia. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Res Dept, Washington, DC 20008 USA. S Australian Museum, Evolut Biol Unit, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX USA. Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC USA. Ciad Guaymas Carretera & Varadero Nacl, Guaymas, Mexico. Univ Durham, Dept Sci Biol, Durham, England. Univ Queensland, Australian Genome Res Facil, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. So Cross Univ, So Cross Inst Whale Res, Lismore, Australia. RP Wynen, LP (reprint author), Forens Sci Serv Tasmania, 20 St Johns Ave, Newtown, Tas 7008, Australia. NR 60 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 270 EP 284 DI 10.1006/mpev.2001.1012 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 492MG UT WOS:000172171700009 PM 11697921 ER PT J AU Fiore, F Giommi, P Vignali, C Comastri, A Matt, G Perola, GC La Franca, F Molendi, S Tamburelli, F Antonelli, LA AF Fiore, F Giommi, P Vignali, C Comastri, A Matt, G Perola, GC La Franca, F Molendi, S Tamburelli, F Antonelli, LA TI The BeppoSAX High Energy Large Area Survey (HELLAS) - II. Number counts and X-ray spectral properties SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; X-rays : diffuse background; X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : general ID ASCA; SKY; POPULATION AB The BeppoSAX High Energy Large Area Survey (HELLAS) has surveyed about 85 deg(2) of sky in the 5-10 keV band down to a flux of 4-5 x 10(-14) erg cm(-2) s(-1). The source surface density of 16.9 +/- 6.4 deg(-2) at the survey limit corresponds to a resolved fraction of the 5-10 keV X-ray background (XRB) of the order of 20-30 per cent. Hardness ratio analysis indicates that the spectra of a substantial fraction of the HELLAS sources (at least one-third) are harder than a alpha (E) = 0.6 power law. This hardness may be caused by large absorbing columns. The hardness ratio analysis also indicates that many HELLAS sources may have a spectrum more complex than a single absorbed power law. A soft component, superimposed on a strongly cut-off power law, is likely to be present in several sources. C1 BeppoSAX Sci Data Ctr, I-00131 Rome, Italy. Osserv Astron Roma, I-00044 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. CNR, IFCTR, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Fiore, F (reprint author), BeppoSAX Sci Data Ctr, Via Corcolle 19, I-00131 Rome, Italy. RI La Franca, Fabio/G-9631-2012; Vignali, Cristian/J-4974-2012; Comastri, Andrea/O-9543-2015; OI Vignali, Cristian/0000-0002-8853-9611; Comastri, Andrea/0000-0003-3451-9970; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; La Franca, Fabio/0000-0002-1239-2721; Molendi, Silvano/0000-0002-2483-278X; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 327 IS 3 BP 771 EP 780 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04736.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 490HP UT WOS:000172046700008 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, VJ Kitajima, K Le Roux-Swarthout, DJ Mulkey, S Wright, SJ AF Terwilliger, VJ Kitajima, K Le Roux-Swarthout, DJ Mulkey, S Wright, SJ TI Intrinsic water-use efficiency and heterotrophic investment in tropical leaf growth of two Neotropical pioneer tree species as estimated from delta C-13 values SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Cecropia longipes; Urera caracasana; carbon isotopes; leaf development ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; FRENCH-GUIANA; GAS-EXCHANGE; DRY FOREST; METROSIDEROS-POLYMORPHA; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; WALNUT SEEDLINGS; SOLUBLE SUGARS; C-3 PLANTS AB . C-13 enrichment in emerging leaves and its effect on carbon isotopic composition (delta C-13) of mature leaves were investigated in the neotropical pioneer tree species, Cecropia longipes and Urera caracasana, in Panama. e . . Leaves of all ages were analysed for delta C-13, gas exchange, nitrogen, and leaf mass per area. Low intercellular to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure (pi: p); and high delta C-13 of Co in air, intrinsic water-use efficiency, internal resistance, and carboxylation capacity were discounted as causes of C-13 enrichment. . C-13 enrichment might occur when leaf growth is from imported organic carbon but might not reflect delta C-13 values at the leaf producing the carbon. Results support hypotheses that: de novo sucrose synthesis causes C-13 enrichment of mobile sugars after export from source leaves; and high ratios of PEP carboxylase (PEPc) : PEPc + Rubisco, cause emerging leaves to be C-13 enriched relative to their growth substrate. Carbon contributions of delta C-13-enriched early growth could yield inaccurate p(i) : p(a) estimates from delta C-13 in mature leaves. . A model estimated investment of imported organic carbon to leaf growth and improved estimates of pi : p(i):p(a) from mature leaves. With such adjustment, delta C-13 analyses provide valuable information about age-related source-sink relations in leaves. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Terwilliger, VJ (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI Kitajima, Kaoru/E-8877-2012; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 62 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 152 IS 2 BP 267 EP 281 DI 10.1046/j.0028-646X.2001.00252.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 484GL UT WOS:000171681800009 ER PT J AU Jonsell, S Saenz, A Froelich, P Zygelman, B Dalgarno, A AF Jonsell, S Saenz, A Froelich, P Zygelman, B Dalgarno, A TI Stability of hydrogen-antihydrogen mixtures at low energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ANNIHILATION; ANTIPROTON; SCATTERING; TEMPERATURES AB The stability of antimatter in contact with matter has been investigated. The interaction between hydrogen and antihydrogen is considered as the prototype reaction. We have focused interest on the rates for proton-antiproton and/or electron-positron annihilation during hydrogen-antihydrogen collisions at low energies. In particular, we have concentrated on the calculation of the rates for the rearrangement reaction leading to formation of protonium and positronium, ending inevitably in particle-antiparticle annihilation. The cross section for the rearrangement collision has been calculated in a fully quantum-mechanical treatment. Additionally, we have calculated cross sections for direct annihilation during the collision process, which was found to be comparable to the rearrangement cross section. The elastic cross section and its low-energy limit, given by the scattering length, have been calculated, allowing, by comparison to the inelastic processes, a prediction for the efficiency of cooling antihydrogen via collisions with ultracold hydrogen atoms. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Quantum Chem, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jonsell, S (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Quantum Chem, Box 518, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Jonsell, Svante/J-2251-2016 OI Jonsell, Svante/0000-0003-4969-1714 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 AR 052712 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 490VJ UT WOS:000172074200052 ER PT J AU Kraft, C Jenett-Siems, K Siems, K Solis, PN Gupta, MP Bienzle, U Eich, E AF Kraft, C Jenett-Siems, K Siems, K Solis, PN Gupta, MP Bienzle, U Eich, E TI Andinermals A-C, antiplasmodial constituents from Andira inermis SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Andira inermis; fabaceae; antiplasmodial activity; Plasmodium falciparum; 2-arylbenzofuran-3-carbaldehydes; AndinermalA-C; flavonoids; isoflavones ID ISOFLAVONES; CULTURE AB Bioassay-guided fractionation of the leaves from Andira inermis was undertaken as part of a screening program to verify the traditional use of herbal remedies against malaria. Among the isolated phenolic compounds three novel 2-arylbenzofuran-3-carbaldehydes, andinermal A-C, were obtained together with a new flavanonol glycoside, taxifolin-3-O-(3"-O-trans-cinnamoyl)-alpha -L-rhamnopyranoside. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Inst Pharm Pharmazeut Biol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. AnalytiCon Discovery, D-14437 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Panama, Fac Farm, CIFLORPAN, Panama City, Panama. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Humboldt Univ, Inst Tropenmed, Med Fak Charite, Berlin, Germany. RP Jenett-Siems, K (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Pharm Pharmazeut Biol, Konigin Luise Str 2-4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM kjsiems@zedat.fu-berlin.de OI Gupta, Mahabir/0000-0002-9302-7864 NR 12 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 2001 VL 58 IS 5 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00295-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 494HG UT WOS:000172275400016 PM 11672743 ER PT J AU Morgan, WA Garcia, MR AF Morgan, WA Garcia, MR TI Position and Variability of 2A 1704+241 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SOURCES; HD-154791; DRACONIS; CATALOG AB We present results of analyses of observations of the X-ray source 2A 1704+241 with the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) and the High Resolution Imager (HRI). The source 2A 1704+241 was first associated with the M giant star HD 154791 based on observations with the HEAO 1 scanning modulation collimator and the Einstein IPC and analysis of a spectrum of HD 154791 obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer. This identification was unusual because there are few bright X-ray binaries associated with an M giant star. We observed 2A 1704+241 with the PSPC and the HRI in order to determine more accurately the position of the X-ray source and in order to study the previously seen 900 s variability in the Einstein data. Based on the previous identification and determination of the position of MS 1703.7+2417, an active galactic nucleus in the field, and the position of three previously unreported X-ray sources that we have associated with stars in the USNO-A2.0 catalog, we have greatly reduced the X-ray positional error of 2A 1704+241. HD 154791 remains the prime candidate as the optical counterpart of the X-ray source. While the 50% modulation in the X-ray flux seen by the Einstein IPC is apparent in the ROSAT data, it appears to be at a slightly different frequency. C1 Dickinson Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Morgan, WA (reprint author), Dickinson Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 1773, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 113 IS 789 BP 1386 EP 1392 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 488DC UT WOS:000171919500007 ER PT J AU Fletcher, L Fuentes, MCL Mandrini, CH Schmieder, B Demoulin, P Mason, HE Young, PR Nitta, N AF Fletcher, L Fuentes, MCL Mandrini, CH Schmieder, B Demoulin, P Mason, HE Young, PR Nitta, N TI A relationship between transition region brightenings, abundances, and magnetic topology SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-SEPARATRIX LAYERS; SOLAR ACTIVE-REGION; X-RAY-TELESCOPE; MAGNETOSTATIC ATMOSPHERES; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; BALD PATCHES; A MISSION AB We present multi-instrument observations of active region (AR) 8048, made between 3 June and 5 June 1997, as part of the SOHO Joint Observing Program 33. This AR has a sigmoid-like global shape and undergoes transient brightenings in both soft X-rays and transition region (TR) lines. We compute a magneto-hydrostatic model of the AR magnetic field, using as boundary condition the photospheric observations of SOHO/MDI. The computed large-scale magnetic field lines show that the large-scale sigmoid is formed by two sets of coronal loops. Shorter loops, associated with the core of the SXT emission, coincide with the loops observed in the hotter CDS lines. These loops reveal a gradient of temperature, from 2 MK at the top to 1 MK at the ends. The field lines most closely matching these hot loops extend along the quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs) of the computed coronal field. The TR brightenings observed with SOHO/CDS can also be associated with the magnetic field topology, both QSL intersections with the photosphere, and places where separatrices issuing from bald patches (sites where field lines coming from the corona are tangent to the photosphere) intersect the photosphere. There are, furthermore, suggestions that the element abundances measured in the TR may depend on the type of topological structure present. Typically, the TR brightenings associated with QSLs have coronal abundances, while those associated with BP separatrices have abundances closer to photospheric values. We suggest that this difference is due to the location and manner in which magnetic reconnection occurs in two different topological structures. C1 Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fletcher, L (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. OI Lopez Fuentes, Marcelo/0000-0001-8830-4022; Demoulin, Pascal/0000-0001-8215-6532 NR 54 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 203 IS 2 BP 255 EP 287 DI 10.1023/A:1013302317042 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 506NB UT WOS:000172977700005 ER PT J AU Kress, WJ Prince, LM Hahn, WJ Zimmer, EA AF Kress, WJ Prince, LM Hahn, WJ Zimmer, EA TI Unraveling the evolutionary radiation of the families of the Zingiberales using morphological and molecular evidence SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atpB; fossils; monocots; morphology; phylogeny; rbcL; 18S; tropical; Zingiberales ID RBCL SEQUENCE DATA; RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; DATA SETS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; FLORAL EVOLUTION; MONOCOTYLEDONS; SYSTEMATICS; CHARACTERS; LIKELIHOOD AB The Zingiberales are a tropical group of monocotyledons that includes bananas, gingers, and their relatives. The phylogenetic relationships among the eight families currently recognized are investigated here by using parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of four character sets: morphological features (1), and sequence data of the (2) chloroplast rbcL gene, (3) chloroplast atpB gene, and (4) nuclear 18S rDNA gene. Outgroups for the analyses include the closely related Commelinaceae + Philydraceae + Haemodoraceae + Pontederiaceae + Hanguanaceae as well as seven more distantly related monocots and paleoherbs. Only slightly different estimates of evolutionary relationships result from the analysis of each character set. The morphological data yield a single fully resolved most-parsimonious tree. None of the molecular datasets alone completely resolves interfamilial relationships. The analyses of the combined molecular dataset provide more resolution than do those of individual genes, and the addition of the morphological data provides a well-supported estimate of phylogenetic relationships: (Musaceae ((Strelitziaceae, Lowiaceae) (Heliconiaceae ((Zingiberaceae, Costaceae) (Cannaceae Marantaceae))))). Evidence from branch lengths in the parsimony analyses and from the fossil record suggests that the Zingiberales originated in the Early Cretaceous and underwent a rapid radiation in the mid-Cretaceous, by which time most extant family lineages had diverged. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Bot, MRC166, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Columbia Univ, CERC, New York, NY 10027 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Bot, MRC534, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kress, WJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Bot, MRC166, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM kress.john@nmnh.si.edu RI Zimmer, Elizabeth/G-3890-2011 NR 63 TC 85 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 50 IS 6 BP 926 EP 944 DI 10.1080/106351501753462885 PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 511CF UT WOS:000173246500010 PM 12116641 ER PT J AU Brummitt, RK Castroviejo, S Chikuni, AC Orchard, AE Smith, GF Wagner, WL AF Brummitt, RK Castroviejo, S Chikuni, AC Orchard, AE Smith, GF Wagner, WL TI The Species Plantarum Project, an international collaborative initiative for higher plant taxonomy SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; conservation; databases; flora; vascular plants AB Basic understanding of the higher plant resources of the world for the successful management of biodiversity requires international collaboration and the setting up of a global taxonomic database. Botanists at all levels should be involved in the taxonomic work, and biologists and conservationists need to be actively aware of the need for such work on a global basis. The database must include census, descriptive, and identification aspects. At present, existing available information is haphazardly distributed on library shelves and inadequately organised. Published data on threatened species have been shown to be hopelessly inaccurate. National and regional Floras may often portray a false perspective of the plants they include. The world's botanists have to organise themselves to pool their information, and substantial international funding is needed to support this. The Species Plantarum Project, set up in 1995 under the International Organisation for Plant Information affiliated to the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS), aims to overcome "the taxonomic impediment", and is currently seeking appropriate funding. It responds to the priorities highlighted in the work programme being developed under the Global Taxonomy Initiative of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The project has an international Steering Committee representing all regions of the world, and aims to develop a further network of collaborators. Publication of data will be in both hard copy and electronic form. Instructions to contributors and accounts of five relatively small families have already been published in hard copy, and accounts of two further families totalling nearly 1000 species are in press. Future plans emphasise the need for capacity building in floristic work throughout the world. The project now invites the collaboration of taxonomists throughout the community, but the future of the project is dependent on funding being made available. C1 Royal Bot Gardens, Herbarium, Richmond TW9 3AE, Surrey, England. Real Jardin Bot, Madrid 28014, Spain. Natl Herbarium, Zomba, Malawi. Bot Gardens Malawi, Zomba, Malawi. Australian Biol Resources Study, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Natl Bot Inst, Off Res Director, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Brummitt, RK (reprint author), Royal Bot Gardens, Herbarium, Richmond TW9 3AE, Surrey, England. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD NOV PY 2001 VL 50 IS 4 BP 1217 EP 1230 DI 10.2307/1224752 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 515FK UT WOS:000173484600023 ER PT J AU Malhotra, R Holman, M Ito, T AF Malhotra, R Holman, M Ito, T TI Chaos and stability of the solar system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Japanese-American Frontiers of Science Symposium CY SEP 22-24, 2000 CL IRVINE, CALIFORNIA ID ORIGIN AB Over the last two decades, there has come about a recognition that chaotic dynamics is pervasive in the solar system. We now understand that the orbits of small members of the solar system-asteroids, comets, and interplanetary dust-are chaotic and undergo large changes on geological time scales. Are the major planets' orbits also chaotic? The answer is not straightforward, and the subtleties have prompted new questions. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 181, Japan. RP Malhotra, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Malhotra, Renu/0000-0002-1226-3305 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 23 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 22 BP 12342 EP 12343 DI 10.1073/pnas.231384098 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 486EU UT WOS:000171806100011 PM 11606772 ER PT J AU de Jager, C Lobel, A Nieuwenhuijzen, H Stothers, R AF de Jager, C Lobel, A Nieuwenhuijzen, H Stothers, R TI Instability regions in the upper HR diagram SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; stars : evolution; Hertzsprung -Russell (HR) diagram; stars : interiors; supergiants ID WOLF-RAYET STARS; MASS-LOSS; HYPERGIANT IRC+10420; YELLOW HYPERGIANTS; SUPERGIANTS; EVOLUTION; STABILITY; SODIUM AB The following instability regions for blueward evolving-supergiants are outlined and compared. (1) Areas in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram where stars are dynamically unstable. (2) Areas where the effective acceleration in the upper part of the photospheres is negative, hence directed outward. (3) Areas where the sonic points of the stellar winds (where nu (wind) = nu (sound)) are situated inside the photospheres, at a level deeper than tau (Ross) = 0.01. We compare the results with the positions of actual stars in the HR diagram and we find evidence that the recent strong contraction of the yellow hypergiant HR 8752 was initiated in a period during which [g(eff)] < 0, whereupon the star became dynamically unstable. The instability and extreme shells around IRC + 10420 are suggested to be related to three factors: [g(eff)] < 0; the sonic point is situated inside the photosphere; and the star is dynamically unstable. C1 SRON, Space Res Lab, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP de Jager, C (reprint author), SRON, Space Res Lab, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 21 PY 2001 VL 327 IS 2 BP 452 EP 458 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04791.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 484LZ UT WOS:000171693000011 ER PT J AU White, M Kochanek, CS AF White, M Kochanek, CS TI Constraints on the long-range properties of gravity from weak gravitational lensing SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; gravitational lensing ID MODIFIED NEWTONIAN DYNAMICS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DARK-MATTER; GALAXY ELLIPTICITIES; DISTANT GALAXIES; PREDICTIONS; UNIVERSE; DENSITY AB Weak gravitational lensing provides a means of testing the long-range properties of gravity. Current measurements are consistent with standard Newtonian gravity and inconsistent with substantial modifications on megaparsec scales. The data allow long-range gravity to deviate from a 1/r potential only on scales where standard cosmology would use normal gravity, but be dominated by dark matter. Thus, abnormal gravity theories must introduce two fine-tuning scales (an inner scale to explain flat rotation curves and an outer scale to force a return to Newtonian gravity on large scales), and these scales must coincidentally match the scales produced by dark matter theory after evolving the universe for 10 billion years, starting from initial conditions that are exquisitely determined from the cosmic microwave background. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP White, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI White, Martin/I-3880-2015 OI White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070 NR 36 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 2 BP 539 EP 543 DI 10.1086/323074 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483TM UT WOS:000171652000001 ER PT J AU Kochanek, CS Pahre, MA Falco, EE Huchra, JP Mader, J Jarrett, TH Chester, T Cutri, R Schneider, SE AF Kochanek, CS Pahre, MA Falco, EE Huchra, JP Mader, J Jarrett, TH Chester, T Cutri, R Schneider, SE TI The K-band galaxy luminosity function SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : luminosity function, mass function; surveys ID CAMPANAS REDSHIFT SURVEY; FIELD GALAXIES; MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION; APM GALAXIES; COUNTS; EVOLUTION; DENSITY; SAMPLE; TELESCOPE; Z-SIMILAR-TO-1 AB We measured the K-band luminosity function using a complete sample of 4192 morphologically typed 2MASS galaxies with mu (K s) = 20 mag arcsec(-2) isophotal magnitudes 7 -0.5) and late-type (T > -0.5) galaxies have similarly shaped luminosity functions, alpha (e) = -0.92 +/-0.10 and alpha (l) = -0.87 +/-0.09. The early-type galaxies are brighter, M-K*e = -23.53 +/-0.06 mag compared to M-K*l = -22.98 +/-0.06 mag, but less numerous, n(*e) = (0.45 +/-0.06)x10(-2) Mpc(-3) compared to N-*l = (1.01 +/-0.13)x10(-2) h(3) Mpc(-3) for H-0 = 100 h km s(-1) Mpc(-1), such that the late-type galaxies slightly dominate the K-band luminosity density, j(late)/j(early) = 1.17 +/-0.12. Including a factor of 1.20 +/-0.04 correction for the conversion of the isophotal survey magnitudes to total magnitudes, the local K-band luminosity density is j = (7.14 +/-0.75)x10(8) h L-circle dot Mpc(-3), which implies a stellar mass density relative to critical of Omega (*)h = (1.9 +/-0.2)x10(-3) for a Kennicutt initial mass function (IMF) and Omega (*)h = (3.4 +/-0.4)x10(-3) for a Salpeter IMF. Our morphological classifications are internally consistent, are consistent with previous classifications, and lead to luminosity functions unaffected by the estimated uncertainties in the classifications. These luminosity functions accurately predict the K-band number counts and redshift distributions for K less than or similar to 18 mag, beyond which the results depend on galaxy evolution and merger histories. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kochanek, CS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 82 TC 352 Z9 356 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 2 BP 566 EP 579 DI 10.1086/322488 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483TM UT WOS:000171652000004 ER PT J AU Kraft, RP Kregenow, JM Forman, WR Jones, C Murray, SS AF Kraft, RP Kregenow, JM Forman, WR Jones, C Murray, SS TI Chandra observations of the X-ray point source population in Centaurus A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (Centaurus A, NGC 5128); X-rays : galaxies ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; MULTIPARAMETRIC ANALYSIS; EINSTEIN SAMPLE; NGC-5128; PARAMETERS; PHOTOMETRY; EMISSION; SYSTEM; M31 AB We present results from two Chandra X-ray Observatory observations of the X-ray point source population in the nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128). Using a wavelet decomposition detection algorithm, we detect 246 individual point sources above a limiting luminosity of similar to 2x10(36) ergs s(-1), 82 of which are detected in both data sets where the fields of view overlap. Thirty-eight sources were detected in only one observation but were within the field of view of both pointings, implying considerable variability. We identify eight foreground stars in our observations. We also identify nine of the sources with known globular clusters in Centaurus A. All previously observed ROSAT sources within our field of view are detected. The number of luminous (L-x>10(37) ergs s(-1)) X-ray binaries per unit optical luminosity in Cen A is roughly consistent with that observed for the M31 bulge. There are approximately 50% more X-ray binaries per unit optical luminosity in Centaurus A than in the whole of M31, however. We find considerably fewer luminous X-ray binaries per unit optical luminosity in Cen A than in two other elliptical galaxies, M84 and NGC 4697, recently observed by Chandra. This result directly confirms the variance in the X-ray binary population with host galaxy optical luminosity previously inferred from spectral analysis of ROSAT and ASCA observations of elliptical galaxies. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kraft, RP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 50 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 2 BP 675 EP 688 DI 10.1086/323056 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483TM UT WOS:000171652000015 ER PT J AU Kaaret, P AF Kaaret, P TI Chandra X-ray point sources, including supernova 1979C, in the spiral galaxy M100 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M100, NGC 4321); galaxies : spiral; galaxies : starburst; supernovae : individual (SN 1979C); X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SN 1979C; STAR-FORMATION; RADIO; EMISSION; NOVA; SN-1979C; M-100; PERFORMANCE; CATALOG AB Six X-ray point sources, with luminosities of 4x10(38)-2x10(39) ergs s(-1) in the 0.4-7 keV band, were detected in Chandra observations of the spiral galaxy M100. One source is identified with supernova SN 1979C and appears to have roughly constant X-ray flux for the period 16-20 yr after the outburst. The X-ray spectrum is soft, as would be expected if the X-ray emission is due to the interaction of supernova ejecta with circumstellar matter. Most of the other sources are variable either within the Chandra observation or when compared to archival data. None are coincident with the peak of the radio emission at the nucleus. These sources have harder spectra than the supernova and are likely X-ray binaries. M100 has more bright X-ray sources than typical for spiral galaxies of its size. This is likely related to active star formation occurring in the galaxy. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kaaret, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 2 BP 715 EP 718 DI 10.1086/322963 PN 1 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483TM UT WOS:000171652000019 ER PT J AU Raymond, JC Li, J Blair, WP Cornett, RH AF Raymond, JC Li, J Blair, WP Cornett, RH TI Shock wave emission at Miller's position 1 in the Cygnus Loop SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (Cygnus Loop); shock waves; supernova remnants; ultraviolet : ISM ID HOPKINS-ULTRAVIOLET-TELESCOPE; SUPERNOVA REMNANT N49; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; RADIATIVE SHOCKS; X-RAY; BLAST WAVE; EVOLUTION; CLOUDS; ACCELERATION; STABILITY AB We present the far-UV spectrum (900-1800 Angstrom) of the bright filament known as Miller's (1974) position 1 in the Cygnus Loop obtained with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope during the Astro-2 space shuttle mission. Longer wavelength IUE and ground-based spectra of adjoining regions were scaled to produce a combined spectrum ranging from 900 to 7500 Angstrom. We compare this spectrum with models of radiative shock waves to infer shock velocities and elemental abundances. A power-law distribution of shock velocities within the spectrograph apertures can reproduce the observed spectrum. We consider the question of whether a simpler shock structure, thermally unstable cooling, or a mixing layer could produce a similar spectrum. We also discuss the elemental abundances with particular attention to C and Si, whose lines are only available in the UV. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Raytheon STX Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Raymond, JC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 2 BP 763 EP 771 DI 10.1086/322953 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483TM UT WOS:000171652000024 ER PT J AU Torrelles, JM Patel, NA Gomez, JF Ho, PTP Rodriguez, LF Anglada, G Garay, G Greenhill, L Curiel, S Canto, J AF Torrelles, JM Patel, NA Gomez, JF Ho, PTP Rodriguez, LF Anglada, G Garay, G Greenhill, L Curiel, S Canto, J TI Discovery of linear "building blocks" of water masers shaping linear/arcuate microstructures in Cepheus A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (Cepheus A); ISM : jets and outflows; masers; stars : formation ID STAR-FORMING REGION; THERMAL RADIO JET; BIPOLAR OUTFLOW; H2O MASERS; A HW2; CONTINUUM; EMISSION; IMAGES AB We report three epochs of VLBA water maser observations toward the radio jet Cepheus A HW2. The VLBA data show that some of the masers detected previously with the VLA unfold into unexpected and remarkable linear/arcuate "microstructures," revealing, in particular three filaments (R1, R2, R3) with length sizes similar or equal to3-25 mas (2-18 AU) and unresolved in the perpendicular direction (less than or similar to0.1 AU), an arcuate structure (R4-A) of similar or equal to 20 mas size (15 AU), and a curved chain of masers (R5; which we have previously reported) of similar or equal to 100 mas size (similar or equal to 72 AU). Some of these structures unfold into even smaller linear "building blocks" (down to scales of 0.4 AU) shaping the "larger" structures. The flattened appearance of these small pieces argues strongly for a shock nature. Both the morphology and the observed proper motions found in these water maser structures have allowed us to identify at least three different centers of star formation activity in a region of similar or equal to 300 mas (200 AU) projected radius, unknown previously, and that could constitute a triple star system. We suggest that R1, R2, and R3, which are located close to the HW2 radio jet but offset by similar or equal to 200 mas with respect to its axis, could originate at the shocked walls of an inner cavity excavated by the HW2 wind in the circumstellar molecular gas. The presence of a wide-angle wind associated with the central HW2 object is implied. We also propose that the arcuate structure R4-A corresponds to a bow-shock structure produced by the wind of an undetected protostar (which we predict to be located toward the southeast of R4-A, similar or equal to 200 mas south from HW2). Finally, the third energy source of this small region could be that one exciting the arc R5, which, as we have previously reported, is expanding and related to an unidentified protostar located similar or equal to 600 mas south of HW2. The flux density of the water masers of the R5 arc excited by this unknown protostar (similar to 500 Jy) represents an important fraction (similar to 50%) of the total flux density of the maser emission in the entire Cepheus A star-forming region, suggesting that the exciting object could be a high-mass star. Furthermore, we find that the center of the circle, which Dt the R5 arc structure for each epoch, is moving with a velocity of similar to6 km s(-1). This could be caused by proper motions of the associated protostar because of relative orbital motions within the triple star system formed by HW2 and the energy sources of the R4-A and R5 structures. C1 CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. CSIC, Inst Ciencias Espacio, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Lab Astrofis Espacial & Fis Fundamental, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Morelia 58089, Michoacan, Mexico. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Torrelles, JM (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, C Gran Capita 2-4, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RI Garay, Guido/H-8840-2013; Gomez, Jose Francisco/D-8392-2016; OI Garay, Guido/0000-0003-1649-7958; Gomez, Jose Francisco/0000-0002-7065-542X; Torrelles, Jose Maria/0000-0002-6896-6085 NR 27 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 2 BP 853 EP 864 DI 10.1086/323061 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483TM UT WOS:000171652000031 ER PT J AU Brunthaler, A Bower, GC Falcke, H Mellon, RR AF Brunthaler, A Bower, GC Falcke, H Mellon, RR TI Detection of circular polarization in M81 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (M81); polarization ID SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; ACCRETING BLACK-HOLE; JET; NUCLEUS; RADIO; MODEL; SPECTRUM AB We report the detection of circular polarization in the compact radio jet of the nearby spiral galaxy M81 (M81*). The observations were made with the Very Large Array at 4.8 and 8.4 GHz, and circular polarization was detected at both frequencies. We estimate a value of m(c) 0.54% +/- 0.06% +/- 0.07% at 8.4 GHz and m(c) = 0.27% +/- 0.06% +/- 0.07% at 4.8 GHz for the fractional circular polarization. The errors are separated into statistical and systematic terms. The spectrum of the circular polarization is possibly inverted, which would be unusual for active galactic nuclei. We also detected no linear polarization in M81* at a level of 0.1%, implying that the source has a very high circular-to-linear polarization ratio as found so far only in Sagittarius A*, the central radio source in our Galaxy. This further supports the idea that M81* is a scaled-up version of Sgr A* and suggests that the polarization properties are intrinsic to the two sources and are not caused by a foreground screen in the Galaxy. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Radio Astron Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Brunthaler, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Falcke, Heino/H-5262-2012 OI Falcke, Heino/0000-0002-2526-6724 NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 2 BP L123 EP L126 DI 10.1086/324308 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483TT UT WOS:000171652500004 ER PT J AU Miralles, MP Cranmer, SR Kohl, JL AF Miralles, MP Cranmer, SR Kohl, JL TI Ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer observations of a high-latitude coronal hole with high oxygen temperatures and the next solar cycle polarity SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : profiles; solar wind; Sun : activity; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation; techniques : spectroscopic ID STRAY-LIGHT; K-CORONA; WIND; UVCS/SOHO; FLUX AB We announce the resurgence of extreme ion properties in a large, high-latitude coronal hole observed above the north heliographic pole in 2001 February at solar maximum. The observations were taken with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. These observations are part of an ongoing campaign to determine the plasma properties of coronal holes during the current solar cycle. In this Letter, we compare the observations and analysis of O VI lambda lambda 1032, 1037 spectral lines of a high-latitude coronal hole in 2001 with observations of an equatorial solar maximum hole in 1999 and polar coronal holes observed near solar minimum (1996-1997). These lines provide spectroscopic diagnostics of O+5 velocity distributions and outflow velocities. The O vi line profiles show a narrow core and broad wings. The narrow core is attributed to foreground and background streamers and, possibly, dense polar plumes at the lowest observed heights. The broad wings are attributed to the coronal hole. The comparison of the coronal hole line widths shows that the O+5 perpendicular kinetic temperatures in the 2001 high-latitude hole are similar to those observed in polar coronal holes at solar minimum. These observations of extremely high ion kinetic temperatures (exceeding 10(8) K) at the north pole in 2001 occurred nearly simultaneously with the polarity change of the Sun's magnetic field, as seen in recent magnetogram data. This coronal hole in 2001 may represent the first manifestation of the negative polarity polar coronal holes that will dominate the Sun's open magnetic flux tubes at the next solar minimum. The reappearance of broad O vi profiles at a time when not all of the "new polarity" magnetic flux has migrated to the poles was an interesting development. The variations in coronal hole parameters with the solar cycle provide constraints on models of extended coronal heating. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Miralles, MP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 50, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 2 BP L193 EP L196 DI 10.1086/324314 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483TT UT WOS:000171652500021 ER PT J AU Torres, DF Butt, YM Camilo, F AF Torres, DF Butt, YM Camilo, F TI Recently discovered pulsars and unidentified EGRET sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : observations pulsars : general; pulsars : individual (PSR J1015-5719, PSR J1412-6145, PSR J1413-6141, PSR J1637-4642) ID GAMMA-RAY PULSARS; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; PSR B1055-52; EMISSION; PSR-1055-52; G312.4-0.4; STATISTICS; RADIATION; VICINITY AB We present a correlative study between all unidentified EGRET sources at low Galactic latitudes and the newly discovered pulsars in the released portion of the Parkes multibeam radio survey. We note 14 positional coincidences: eight of these are "Vela-like" pulsars with relatively small periods, small characteristic ages, and high spin-down luminosities. Three of these coincidences have been investigated by D'Amico et al. and Camilo et al. Among the others, we argue that PSR J1015-5719 may plausibly generate part of the high-energy radiation observed from 3EG J1014-5705. Three additional interesting cases are 3EG J1410-6147, either of PSRs J1412-6145 or J1413-6141 if the pulsars are at the estimated distance of the coincident SNR G312.4-0.4, and 3EG J1639-4702/ PSR J1637-4642. The remaining positional coincidences between the EGRET sources and the newly discovered pulsars are almost certainly spurious. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Torres, DF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016 OI Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065 NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 2 BP L155 EP L158 DI 10.1086/324379 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 483TT UT WOS:000171652500012 ER PT J AU Bergin, E AF Bergin, E TI Chemistry in the void SO CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY LA English DT Article ID ASTRONOMY SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; INTERSTELLAR; CLOUDS; ORION C1 Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 0009-3068 EI 2047-6329 J9 CHEM IND-LONDON JI Chem. Ind. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 IS 20 BP 659 EP 662 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 483QE UT WOS:000171646400020 ER PT J AU Schroll, S AF Schroll, S TI James Casebere: The spatial uncanny. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. RP Schroll, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 17 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 484GU UT WOS:000171682500029 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI Between lives: An artist and her world. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Lib, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 17 BP 73 EP 74 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 484GU UT WOS:000171682500044 ER PT J AU Stahl, J AF Stahl, J TI Valery Gergiev and the Kirov: A story of survival. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Amer Art Museum, Washington, DC USA. RP Stahl, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Amer Art Museum, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 17 BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 484GU UT WOS:000171682500073 ER PT J AU Hartmann, L Boss, AP Stanley, Q Crawford, IA AF Hartmann, L Boss, AP Stanley, Q Crawford, IA TI Injection of newly synthesized elements into the protosolar cloud - Discussion SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. HPS Res, Gillingham, Kent, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Hartmann, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Crawford, Ian/H-7510-2012 OI Crawford, Ian/0000-0001-5661-7403 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 359 IS 1787 BP 2017 EP 2017 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 482EZ UT WOS:000171563900013 ER PT J AU Lugmair, G Lee, T Russell, SS Gounelle, M Turner, G Hartmann, L Ash, R Cassen, P AF Lugmair, G Lee, T Russell, SS Gounelle, M Turner, G Hartmann, L Ash, R Cassen, P TI Origin of short-lived radionuclides - Discussion SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Univ Manchester, Dept Geol Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lugmair, G (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. RI Lee, Typhoon/N-8347-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 359 IS 1787 BP 2003 EP 2004 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 482EZ UT WOS:000171563900011 ER PT J AU Hartmann, L AF Hartmann, L TI Physical conditions of protosolar matter SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE T Tauri stars; protoplanetary discs; accretion ID T-TAURI-STARS; SOLAR NEBULA; DISK ACCRETION; YOUNG STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; STELLAR BIRTHLINE; EVOLUTION; MODELS; DUST; MIGRATION AB I review a few astronomical constraints concerning physical conditions in and evolutionary time-scales of protoplanetary discs. Some revisions are suggested to the scenario by which short-lived radioactive species would enter the protosolar cloud. The increasing evidence for substantial grain growth in discs at ages of 1 Myr is also outlined. Protoplanetary discs are accretion discs; when (inner) dust emission decreases strongly, accretion stops, demonstrating a relationship between the disappearance of infrared excess emission and accretable gas. The time-scale for disc 'clearing' is ca. 3-10 Myr, with a large range for individual systems. If disc masses estimated from dust emission are at all accurate, then the amount of material accreted onto the central star during the T Tauri phase is a substantial fraction of the total disc mass available at 1 Myr; and this in turn implies substantial radial motion of the accreting material during disc evolution. It may be that the formation of planets is the primary mechanism resulting in the cessation of accretion; certainly it is difficult to see how gas can be removed from T Tauri discs on 10 Myr time-scales. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hartmann, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 359 IS 1787 BP 2049 EP 2059 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 482EZ UT WOS:000171563900017 ER PT J AU Boss, AP Hutchison, R Hartmann, L Stanley, Q Palme, H AF Boss, AP Hutchison, R Hartmann, L Stanley, Q Palme, H TI Theories of planetary formation: constraints from the study of meteorites - Discussion SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. HPS Res, Gillingham, Kent, England. Univ Cologne, Cologne, Germany. RP Boss, AP (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 359 IS 1787 BP 2092 EP 2093 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 482EZ UT WOS:000171563900022 ER PT J AU Phillips, J Weinberg, DH Croft, RAC Hernquist, L Katz, N Pettini, M AF Phillips, J Weinberg, DH Croft, RAC Hernquist, L Katz, N Pettini, M TI Constraints on cosmological parameters from the Ly alpha forest power spectrum and COBE DMR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology : theory; galaxies : clusters : general; large-scale structure of universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; BIASED GALAXY FORMATION; COLD DARK-MATTER; MASS FLUCTUATIONS; UNIVERSE; CLUSTERS; DENSITY; MODELS; OMEGA AB We combine COBE DMR measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy with a recent measurement of the mass power spectrum at redshift z = 2.5 from Ly alpha forest data to derive constraints on cosmological parameters and test the inflationary cold dark matter (CDM) scenario of structure formation. By treating the inflationary spectral index n as a free parameter, we are able to find successful fits to the COBE and Ly alpha forest constraints in Omega (m) = 1 models with and without massive neutrinos and in low-Omega (m) models with and without a cosmological constant. Within each class of model, the combination of COBE and the Ly alpha forest P(k) constrains a parameter combination of the form Omega (m)h(alpha)n(beta)Omega (gamma)(b), with different indices for each case. This new constraint breaks some of the degeneracies in cosmological parameter determinations from other measurements of large-scale structure and CMB anisotropy. The Ly alpha forest P(k) provides the first measurement of the slope of the linear mass power spectrum on similar to Mpc scales, nu -2.25 +/- 0.18, and it confirms a basic prediction of the inflationary CDM scenario : an approximately scale invariant spectrum of primeval fluctuations (n approximate to 1) modulated by a transfer function that bends P(k) toward k(n-4) on small scales. Considering additional observational data, we find that COBE-normalized, Omega (m) = 1 models that match the Ly alpha forest P(k) do not match the observed masses of rich galaxy clusters, and that low-Omega (m) models with a cosmological constant provide the best overall fit to the available data, even without the direct evidence for cosmic acceleration from Type Ia supernovae. With our fiducial parameter choices, the flat, low-Omega (m) models that match COBE and low the Lya forest P(k) also match recent measurements of small-scale CMB anisotropy. Modest improvements in the Ly alpha forest P(k) measurement could greatly restrict the allowable region of parameter space for CDM models, constrain the contribution of tensor fluctuations to CMB anisotropy, and achieve a more stringent test of the current consensus model of structure formation. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Croft, Rupert/N-8707-2014 OI Croft, Rupert/0000-0003-0697-2583 NR 63 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1086/322369 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 482QT UT WOS:000171587300003 ER PT J AU Cagnoni, I Elvis, M Kim, DW Mazzotta, P Huang, JS Celotti, A AF Cagnoni, I Elvis, M Kim, DW Mazzotta, P Huang, JS Celotti, A TI 1WGA J1226.9+3332: A high-redshift cluster discovered by Chandra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual (1WGA J1226.9+3332); galaxies : high-redshift; X-rays : galaxies : clusters; X-rays : individual (1WGA J1226.9+3332) ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; GALAXY COUNTS; HOT PLASMA; EVOLUTION; COLORS; ROSAT AB We report the detection of 1WGA J1226.9+3332 as an arcminute-scale extended X-ray source with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The Chandra observation and R- and K-band imaging strongly support the identification of 1WGA 1226.9+3332 as a high-redshift cluster of galaxies, most probably at z = 0.85 +/- 0.15, with an inferred temperature kT = 10(-3)(+4) keV, and an unabsorbed luminosity (in a r = 120" aperture) of 1.3(-0.14)(+0.16) x 10(45) ergs s(-1) (0.5-10 keV). This indication of redshift is also supported by the K- and R-band imaging and is in agreement with the spectroscopic redshift of 0.89 found by Ebeling and coworkers. The surface brightness profile is consistent with a beta model with beta = 0.770 +/- 0.025, r(c) = 18."1+/-0."9 (corresponding to 101 +/- 5 kpc at z = 0.89), and S(0) = 1.02 +/- 0.08 counts arcsec(-2). 1WGA J1226.9+3332 was selected as an extreme X-ray-loud source with F-X/F-V >60; this selection method, thanks to the large area sampled, seems to be a highly efficient method for finding luminous, high-z clusters of galaxies. C1 Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, I-34138 Trieste, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cagnoni, I (reprint author), Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, Via Beirut 4, I-34138 Trieste, Italy. RI Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016 OI Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 1 BP 86 EP 91 DI 10.1086/322423 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 482QT UT WOS:000171587300008 ER PT J AU Luhman, KL AF Luhman, KL TI On the MBM 12 young association SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : emission-line, Be; stars : evolution; stars : formation; stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; ETA-CHAMAELEONTIS CLUSTER; H-ALPHA EMISSION; ALL-SKY SURVEY; X-RAY; LITHIUM ABUNDANCES; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DISK ACCRETION AB I present a comprehensive study of the MBM 12 young association (MBM 12A). By combining infrared (IR) photometry from the Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) survey with new optical imaging and spectroscopy, I have performed a census of the MBM 12A membership that is complete to 0.03 M-circle dot (H similar to 15) for a 1.degrees 75 x 1.degrees4 field encompassing the MBM 12 cloud. I find five new members with masses of 0.1-0.4 M-circle dot and a few additional candidates that have not been observed spectroscopically. From an analysis of optical and IR photometry for stars in the direction of MBM 12, I identify M dwarfs in the foreground and background of the cloud. By comparing the magnitudes of these stars to those of local field dwarfs, I arrive at a distance modulus 7.2 +/-0.5 (275 pc) to the MBM 12 cloud; it is not the nearest molecular cloud and is not inside the local bubble of hot ionized gas as had been implied by previous distance estimates of 50-100 pc. I have also used Li strengths and H-R diagrams to constrain the absolute and relative ages of MBM 12A and other young populations; these data indicate ages of 2(-1)(+3) Myr for MBM 12A and similar to 10 Myr for the TW Hya and eta Cha associations. MBM 12A may be a slightly evolved version of the aggregates of young stars within the Taurus dark clouds (similar to1 Myr) near the age of the IC 348 cluster (similar to2 Myr). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Luhman, KL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 77 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 1 BP 287 EP 306 DI 10.1086/322386 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 482QT UT WOS:000171587300029 ER PT J AU Mackay, DH van Ballegooijen, AA AF Mackay, DH van Ballegooijen, AA TI A possible solar cycle dependence to the hemispheric pattern of filament magnetic fields? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : filaments; Sun : magnetic fields ID QUIESCENT PROMINENCES; FORCE-FREE; CHANNELS; FLUX; REGIONS; MODEL; SUN AB The origin of the observed hemispheric pattern of filament magnetic fields is considered. Using a magnetic flux transport model, we simulate the interactions of magnetic bipoles with each other and with polar magnetic fields in the rising and declining phases of the solar activity cycle. In contrast to previous studies, the nonpotential character of the initial coronal fields is taken into account, and the dependence of the hemispheric pattern on the initial tilt and helicity of the bipoles is considered. For the rising phase of the cycle, a range of initial bipole twists and tilt angles can be found that reproduce the observed hemispheric pattern. However, for the declining phase no such range can be found: the predicted fields on the return arms at the rear of switchbacks are consistent with filament observations, but those on the high-latitude east-west arms are not. It is argued that existing observations of the hemispheric pattern are weighted toward the rising phase of the solar activity cycle and may give us a biased view of the Sun. New observations of filament magnetic fields are needed to determine whether there is a cycle dependence of the observed hemispheric pattern. C1 Univ St Andrews, Sch Math Sci, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mackay, DH (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Math Sci, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. NR 24 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 1 BP 445 EP 455 DI 10.1086/322385 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 482QT UT WOS:000171587300044 ER PT J AU Krennrich, F Badran, HM Bond, IH Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Carter-Lewis, DA Catanese, M Cui, W Dunlea, S Das, D Perez, ID Fegan, DJ Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Gaidos, JA Gibbs, K Gillanders, GH Hall, TA Hillas, AM Holder, J Horan, D Jordan, M Kertzman, M Kieda, D Kildea, J Knapp, J Kosack, K Lang, MJ LeBohec, S McKernan, B Moriarty, P Muller, D Ong, R Pallassini, R Petry, D Quinn, J Reay, NW Reynolds, PT Rose, HJ Sembroski, GH Sidwell, R Stanton, N Swordy, SP Vassiliev, VV Wakely, SP Weekes, TC AF Krennrich, F Badran, HM Bond, IH Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Carter-Lewis, DA Catanese, M Cui, W Dunlea, S Das, D Perez, ID Fegan, DJ Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Gaidos, JA Gibbs, K Gillanders, GH Hall, TA Hillas, AM Holder, J Horan, D Jordan, M Kertzman, M Kieda, D Kildea, J Knapp, J Kosack, K Lang, MJ LeBohec, S McKernan, B Moriarty, P Muller, D Ong, R Pallassini, R Petry, D Quinn, J Reay, NW Reynolds, PT Rose, HJ Sembroski, GH Sidwell, R Stanton, N Swordy, SP Vassiliev, VV Wakely, SP Weekes, TC TI Cutoff in the TeV energy spectrum of Markarian 421 during strong flares in 2001 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (Markarian 421); gamma rays : observations ID ACTIVE GALAXY MARKARIAN-421; CHERENKOV TELESCOPE SYSTEM; GAMMA-RAYS; MKN-501; ACCELERATION; OBJECTS; PHOTONS; BLAZAR; HEGRA; JET AB Exceptionally strong and long- lasting flaring activity of the blazar Mrk 421 occurred between 2001 January and March. Based on the excellent signal- to- noise ratio of the data, we derive the energy spectrum between 260 GeV and 17 TeV with unprecedented statistical precision. The spectrum is not well described by a simple power law even with a curvature term. Instead, the data can be described by a power law with exponential cutoff: dN/dE proportional to E(-2.14 +/-0.03 stat)e(-E/E0) m(-2) s(-1) TeV-1 with E0=4.3 +/-0.3(stat) TeV. Mrk 421 is the second gamma -ray blazar that unambiguously exhibits an absorption- like feature in its spectral energy distribution at 3-6 TeV. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. Univ Leeds, Dept Phys, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. De Pauw Univ, Dept Phys, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. Univ Utah, High Energy Astrophys Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Galway Mayo Inst TEchnol, Sch Sci, Galway, Ireland. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Cork Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Cork, Ireland. RP Krennrich, F (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Knapp, Johannes/0000-0003-1519-1383; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201 NR 37 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 1 BP L45 EP L48 DI 10.1086/324221 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 482RF UT WOS:000171588500011 ER PT J AU Warren, HP Warshall, AD AF Warren, HP Warshall, AD TI Ultraviolet flare ribbon brightenings and the onset of hard X-ray emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : flares ID TRANSITION REGION; CORONAL EXPLORER; VIEW AB The broadband UV images taken by the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) provide a unique opportunity to observe transition region and chromospheric emission from flare footpoints at high spatial and temporal resolution. In this Letter, we present comparisons of UV flare footpoint evolution with hard X-ray light curves from the Yohkoh Hard X-Ray Telescope and the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE). The nine events analyzed in this Letter all show evidence for flare footpoint brightenings that precede the onset of the hard X-ray emission. Regression analysis between TRACE UV data taken at very high cadence (2-3 s) and hard X-ray light curves, however, shows that the initial hard X-ray burst is positively correlated only with footpoints that show no pre-hard X-ray activity. This indicates that energy release during the preflare and impulsive phases of the flare is occurring on different loops. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Warren, HP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 58, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 8 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 560 IS 1 BP L87 EP L90 DI 10.1086/324060 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 482RF UT WOS:000171588500020 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, JC Vari, RP Ferraris, CJ AF de Oliveira, JC Vari, RP Ferraris, CJ TI A new species of "Whale Catfish" (Siluriformes : Cetopsidae) from the western portions of the Amazon basin SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Cetopsis parma, a new species of the subfamily Cetopsinae of the catfish family Cetopsidae is described from locations in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Amazon. The species differs from the other species in the subfamily by the combination of the presence of a single row of conical teeth on the dentary, the presence of a distinct blotch of dark pigmentation on the lateral surface of the body dorsal to the pectoral fin, and the possession of 44 or 45 vertebrae, 14 or 15 ribs, and 8 or 9 gill rakers. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Fishes, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Fed Juiz De Fora, BR-36016330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. RP Vari, RP (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Fishes, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 9 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 3 BP 574 EP 578 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 484DL UT WOS:000171674900002 ER PT J AU Bannikov, AF Tyler, JC AF Bannikov, AF Tyler, JC TI A new species of the luvarid fish genus Avitoluvarus (Acanthuroidei : Perciformes) from the Eocene of the Caucasus in southwest Russia SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB A new species of the luvarid fish genus dagger Avitoluvarus, A. eocaenicus, is described from the middle Eocene of Russia (Kuma Horizon, North Caucasus) based on a single imprint of its skeleton (incomplete posteriorly). Avitoluvarus previously has been known only from the terminal (uppermost) Paleocene of Turkmenistan, where it is represented by two species, A. dianae and A. mariannae. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Moscow 117647, Russia. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Bannikov, AF (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Paleontol, Profsoyuznaya 123, Moscow 117647, Russia. RI Bannikov, Alexander/P-9902-2015 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 9 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 3 BP 579 EP 588 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 484DL UT WOS:000171674900003 ER PT J AU Kornicker, LS AF Kornicker, LS TI Exopod and protopodial endite III of the maxillae of Sarsiellinae (Crustacea : Ostracoda : Myodocopa) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB The number of bristles on the exopod and, also, the number and distribution of bristles and claws on protopodial endite III of the maxillae of species of the Sarsiellinae (Ostracoda) are of value in discriminating species, and should be described and illustrated in descriptions of new species. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kornicker, LS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 9 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 3 BP 680 EP 685 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 484DL UT WOS:000171674900014 ER PT J AU Kornicker, LS AF Kornicker, LS TI Cypridina olimoblonga Kornicker, a new name for the junior primary homonym Cypridina oblonga Jones & Kirkby, 1874, and clarification of its authorship, and the authorship of the Palaeozoic genera Cypridinella, Cypridellina, Sulcuna, Rhonibina, and Offa (Crustacea : Ostracoda) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB A. new name, Cypridina olimoblonga Kornicker, is proposed for the junior primary homonym Cypridina oblonga Jones & Kirkby 1874 (non C oblonga Grube 1859), type species of Sylvesterella Kornicker & Sohn 2000. Authorship of the replaced species, as well as other species described as new in "A Monograph of the British Fossil Bivalved Entomostraca from the Carboniferous Formations" (1874), should be attributed to I Rupert Jones & James W. Kirkby, not to Jones, Kirkby & Brady. It is concluded that the correct authorship of the genera Cypridinella, Cypridellina, Sulcuna, Rhombina, and Offa should be attributed to T Rupert Jones. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol IZ, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kornicker, LS (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol IZ, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 9 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 3 BP 686 EP 693 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 484DL UT WOS:000171674900015 ER PT J AU Cairns, SD AF Cairns, SD TI Studies on western Atlantic octocorallia (Coelenterata : anthozoa). Part 1: The genus Chrysogorgia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID ASCOTHORACIDA CRUSTACEA; MAXILLOPODA AB The nine species of Chrysogorgia known from the western Atlantic are described and illustrated. One species is described as new (C. herdendorfi), three species are synonymized (C. orientalis, C. affinis, C. elisabethae), and two species are elevated in rank from variety to species (C. multiflora and C. thyrsiformis). Lectotypes are chosen for six of the species and a neotype for one, C. desbonni, the type species of the genus. A type species is also designated for the genus Dasygorgia, a junior synonym of Chrysogorgia. An identification key to the nine species is given, as well as a list of the 59 currently recognized species in the genus, along with their type locality, depth of capture, and branching sequence. The study was based on newly reported specimens from over 150 deep-water stations as well as re-examination of all historical material; additional records of C. squamata and C. spiculosa represent the first reports of these species since their original description in 1883. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Cairns, SD (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Invertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT 9 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 3 BP 746 EP 787 PG 42 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 484DL UT WOS:000171674900021 ER PT J AU Kral, P AF Kral, P TI Species orthogonalization SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; QUANTITATIVE GENETIC MODELS; SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; COMPETITIVE SPECIATION; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; PROTEIN AB We discuss the general formation of complementary behaviors, functions and forms in biological species competing for resources. We call orthogonalization the related processes on macro and micro-level of a self-organized formation of correlations in the species properties. Orthogonalization processes could be, for example, easily observed in sympatric speciation, as we show in numerical studies carried out with a new population equation. As a practical result, we find that the number of species is proportional to the effective richness of resources and depends on their history. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Chem Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Kral, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 EI 1095-8541 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD OCT 7 PY 2001 VL 212 IS 3 BP 355 EP 366 DI 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2382 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 481NV UT WOS:000171526600008 PM 11829356 ER PT J AU Dumbacher, JP Fleischer, RC AF Dumbacher, JP Fleischer, RC TI Phylogenetic evidence for colour pattern convergence in toxic pitohuis: Mullerian mimicry in birds? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Pitohui; toxic birds; molecular systematics; mitochondrial DNA; Mullerian mimicry; New Guinea ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; ANCIENT DNA; EVOLUTION; HOMOBATRACHOTOXIN; GENETICS; STATES AB Bird species in the genus Pitohui are chemically defended by a potent neurotoxic alkaloid in their skin and feathers. The two most toxic pitohui species, the hooded pitohui (Pitohui dichrous) and the variable pitohui (Pitohui kirhocephalus), are sometimes strikingly patterned and, in certain portions of their geographical ranges, both species share a nearly identical colour pattern, whereas in other areas they do not. Mullerian mimicry (the mutual resemblance of two chemically defended prey species) is common in some other animal groups and Pitohui birds have been suggested as one of the most likely cases in birds. Here, we examine pitohui plumage evolution in the context of a well-supported molecular phylogeny and use a maximum likelihood approach to test for convergent evolution in coloration. We show that the 'mimetic' phenotype is ancestral to both species and that the resemblance in most races is better explained by a shared ancestry. One large clade of P kirhocephalus lost this mimetic phenotype early in their evolution and one race nested deep within this clade appears to have re-evolved this phenotype. These latter findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Mullerian mimicry is driving the evolution for a similar colour pattern between P dichrous, but only in this one clade of R kirhocephalus. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Mol Genet Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Dumbacher, JP (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Mol Genet Lab, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM dumbacherj@nzp.si.edu NR 38 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD OCT 7 PY 2001 VL 268 IS 1480 BP 1971 EP 1976 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 482FU UT WOS:000171566100002 PM 11571042 ER PT J AU Sturtevant, WC AF Sturtevant, WC TI 16th-century Algonquian fishermen SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Sturtevant, WC (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 5 PY 2001 VL 294 IS 5540 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 480EJ UT WOS:000171448800018 PM 11589232 ER PT J AU Owsley, DW Jantz, RL AF Owsley, DW Jantz, RL TI Archaeological politics and public interest in Paleoamerican studies: Lessons from Gordon Creek Woman and Kennewick Man SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGY; AMERICANS; PATTERNS; ORIGINS; BURIAL AB This paper discusses the Kennewick lawsuit as it relates to the intended purposes of NAGPRA. It also reflects upon comments made by Swedlund and Anderson (1999) in a recent American Antiquity Forum, which conceptually linked two ancient skeletons, Got-don Creek Woman and Kennewick Man. Their assertions indicate the need for clarifying specific issues and events pertaining to the case. We comment on how times have changed with the passage of NAGPRA, how differently these two skeletons have been treated by the media and the scientists interested in them, and show how discussions of biological affiliation have relevance. There is still much to be learned from Kennewick Man and Gordon Creek Woman. But attempts to bring the concept of race or racial typing into the picture show misunderstanding regarding the use of morphological data in tracing population historical relationships, not to mention obfuscating the scientific issues they raise. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Owsley, DW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Smithsonian Inst, Mail Stop 112, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 66 IS 4 BP 565 EP 575 DI 10.2307/2694173 PG 11 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 492AZ UT WOS:000172144600002 PM 20043374 ER PT J AU O'Neal, D Neff, JE Saar, SH Mines, JK AF O'Neal, D Neff, JE Saar, SH Mines, JK TI Hydroxyl 1.563 micron absorption from starspots on active stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; stars : atmospheres; stars : spots; techniques : spectroscopic ID RS-CANUM-VENATICORUM; BINARY II-PEGASI; LAMBDA-ANDROMEDAE; ECHELLE SPECTRA; LQ HYDRAE; H-ALPHA; PHOTOMETRY; TEMPERATURE; PARAMETERS; EMISSION AB We present results from a study of starspots on active stars using a pair of vibrational-rotational absorption lines of the OH molecule near 1.563 mum. We detect excess OH absorption due to dark, cool starspots on several active stars of the RS CVn and BY Dra classes. Our results for the single-lined spectroscopic binaries II Pegasi, V1762 Cygni, and lambda Andromedae augment those from a previous study that used a less sensitive detector. In this study, we were able for the first time to use molecular absorption features to measure starspot properties on double-lined spectroscopic binaries. Measuring the equivalent widths of these OH lines in inactive giant and dwarf stars of spectral types G, K, and M, we find that the total equivalent width of the line pair increases approximately linearly as effective temperature decreases from 5000 to 3000 K. We measure starspot filling factors by fitting the spectra of active stars with linear combinations of comparison star spectra representing the spot and nonspot regions of the star. C1 W Liberty State Coll, W Liberty, WV 26074 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Phys & Astron, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Washington & Jefferson Coll, Dept Phys, Washington, PA 15301 USA. RP O'Neal, D (reprint author), W Liberty State Coll, W Liberty, WV 26074 USA. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 122 IS 4 BP 1954 EP 1964 DI 10.1086/323093 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 479TY UT WOS:000171420700024 ER PT J AU Jayawardhana, R Fisher, RS Telesco, CM Pina, RK Navascues, DB Hartmann, LW Fazio, GG AF Jayawardhana, R Fisher, RS Telesco, CM Pina, RK Navascues, DB Hartmann, LW Fazio, GG TI Mid-infrared imaging of candidate Vega-like systems SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; circumstellar matter; planetary systems; stars : early-type; stars : pre-main-sequence ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; HERBIG AE/BE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; BETA-PICTORIS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; HR 4796A; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; IRAS OBSERVATIONS; NEARBY STARS; DUST DISK AB We have conducted deep mid-infrared imaging of a relatively nearby sample of candidate Vega-like stars using the OSCIR instrument on the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 4 m and Keck II 10 m telescopes. Our discovery of a spatially resolved disk around HR 4796A has already been reported in 1998 by Jayawardhana et al. Here we present imaging observations of the other members of the sample, including the discovery that only the primary in the HD 35187 binary system appears to harbor a substantial circumstellar disk and the possible detection of extended disk emission around 49 Ceti. We derive global properties of the dust disks, place constraints on their sizes, and discuss several interesting cases in detail. Although our targets are believed to be main-sequence stars, we note that several have large infrared excesses compared with prototype Vega-like systems and may therefore be somewhat younger. The disk size constraints we derive, in many cases, imply emission from relatively large (greater than or similar to 10 mum) particles at mid-infrared wavelengths. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jayawardhana, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rayjay@astro.berkeley.edu RI Barrado Navascues, David/C-1439-2017 OI Barrado Navascues, David/0000-0002-5971-9242 NR 49 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 122 IS 4 BP 2047 EP 2054 DI 10.1086/322092 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 479TY UT WOS:000171420700034 ER PT J AU Lopez, B Tuthill, PG Danchi, WC Monnier, JD Niccolini, G AF Lopez, B Tuthill, PG Danchi, WC Monnier, JD Niccolini, G TI The icy side of Frosty Leo SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; methods : numerical; methods : observational; techniques : interferometric; stars : mass loss; stars : AGB and post-AGB ID BIPOLAR PREPLANETARY NEBULAE; BINARY-SYSTEMS; DUSTY WINDS; IRAS 09371; MASS-LOSS; STARS; HYDRODYNAMICS; MECHANISMS; ENVELOPE AB An imaging study of the bipolar nebula Frosty Leo is presented. In particular, we have studied the effects of spatial distribution of H(2)O ice on the circumstellar environment. Using the Keck telescope with the NIRC infrared camera, we have recovered images at a wavelength of 3.08 mu within the prominent (attenuation of about 5 mag) water-ice absorption band, and in the adjacent quasi-continuum at 1.6 mum, 2.2 mum, and 3.3 mum. While the well-known bipolar structure appears quite symmetrical in all quasi-continuum images, the Northern lobe seems to be almost totally extinguished (by a factor of greater than or similar to 10) compared to the Southern one in images at 3.08 mum. This suggests a much greater concentration of ice between the observer and the Northern lobe. The question of the physical structure of the nebula has been addressed with the use of numerical radiative transfer simulations which have been able to reproduce the general behavior of the images and of earlier spectral data. From this, we deduce and/or confirm several parameters of interest: the typical dust grain size, the dust density distribution in the envelope, and the abundance of water ice. Models were produced with physically symmetrical lobes in which some one-sided extinction was produced by an effect related to the observer's viewing angle. However, in order to reproduce the extreme extinction observed, more complicated scenarios, involving asymmetry with respect to the plane of the disk, were needed. Additional imaging observations were conducted at 2.26 mum (where the system is bright) with the intent to recover high-angular-resolution information. Data sets consisted of one hundred of rapid-exposure data frames from which images were recovered using a shift-and-add algorithm. Although these images did contain structures at the diffraction limit of the telescope ( similar to 50 milliarcsec), no evidence for binarity as reported by Roddier et al. (1995) from adaptive optical studies was found within the dynamical range obtained. C1 Observ Cote Azur, Dept Fresnel, UMR 6528, F-06034 Nice 4, France. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lopez, B (reprint author), Observ Cote Azur, Dept Fresnel, UMR 6528, BP 4229, F-06034 Nice 4, France. EM lopez@obs-nice.fr OI Monnier, John D/0000-0002-3380-3307 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 377 IS 1 BP 90 EP 103 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20010858 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 474DB UT WOS:000171088200011 ER PT J AU Pickering, JC Johansson, S Smith, PL AF Pickering, JC Johansson, S Smith, PL TI The FERRUM project: Branching ratios and atomic transition probabilities of FeII transitions from the 3d(6)(a(3)F)4p subconfiguration in the visible to VUV spectral region SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line : identification; techniques : spectroscopic; stars : abundances ID SINGLY IONIZED IRON; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; EMISSION-SPECTRA; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; II LINES; SPECTROSCOPY; WAVELENGTHS; ABUNDANCE AB We report measurements of the relative intensities of 81 emission lines of Fe II between 160 nm and 350 nm (62 168 cm(-1) to 28 564 cm(-1)) from 4 levels by high resolution Fourier transform spectrometry, using a Penning discharge lamp as light source. These relative intensities have been used to determine the line branching fractions, which have then been combined with accurate experimental radiative lifetime measurements reported recently to give absolute transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for 81 lines. The accuracy of these f-values is compared with other previous experimental measurements, and with theoretical values. The new transition probabilities will allow accurate determinations of Fe II abundances in a wide variety of astrophysical objects. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BZ, England. Lund Univ, Dept Astron, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pickering, JC (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Dept Phys, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. EM j.pickering@ic.ac.uk; sveneric.johansson@astro.lu.se; plsmith@cfa.harvard.edu NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 377 IS 1 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20010943 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 474DB UT WOS:000171088200033 ER PT J AU Matt, G Guainazzi, M Perola, GC Fiore, F Nicastro, F Cappi, M Piro, L AF Matt, G Guainazzi, M Perola, GC Fiore, F Nicastro, F Cappi, M Piro, L TI The complex iron line of NGC 5506 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : NGC 5506; galaxies : Seyfert; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GALAXY NGC-5506; COLD MATTER; RAY; REFLECTION; SPECTRUM AB The bright Narrow Emission Line Galaxy, NGC 5506, has been observed simultaneously by XMM-Newton and BeppoSAX. The iron line is complex, with at least two components: one narrow and corresponding to neutral iron, the second one broad and corresponding to ionized iron. The latter line is equally well fitted by a truly broad line or by a blend of He- and H-like narrow lines. The bulk of the Compton reflection continuum originates in neutral matter, and is therefore associated with the narrow line: they are most likely emitted in distant matter. The origin of the ionized line(s) is less certain, but the solution in terms of a blend of narrow lines from photoionized matter seems to be preferable to emission from an ionized, relativistic accretion disc. C1 Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. ESA, VILSPA, XMM Newton SOC, Madrid 28080, Spain. Osserv Astron Roma, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CNR, Ist Tecnol & Studio Radiaz Extraterrestri, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, Via Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy. EM matt@fis.uniroma3.it RI PIRO, LUIGI/E-4954-2013; Cappi, Massimo/F-4813-2015; OI PIRO, LUIGI/0000-0003-4159-3984; Cappi, Massimo/0000-0001-6966-8920; Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364; Fiore, Fabrizio/0000-0002-4031-4157 NR 33 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 377 IS 3 BP L31 EP L34 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011209 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480JH UT WOS:000171457900002 ER PT J AU Abu-Zayyad, T Belov, K Bird, DJ Boyer, J Cao, Z Catanese, M Chen, GF Clay, RW Covault, CE Dai, HY Dawson, BR Elbert, JW Fick, BE Fortson, LF Fowler, JW Gibbs, KG Glasmacher, MAK Green, KD Ho, Y Huang, A Jui, CC Kidd, MJ Kieda, DB Knapp, BC Ko, S Larsen, CG Lee, W Loh, EC Mannel, EJ Matthews, J Matthews, JN Newport, BJ Nitz, DF Ong, RA Simpson, KM Smith, JD Sinclair, D Sokolsky, P Song, C Tang, JKK Thomas, SB van der Velde, JC Wiencke, LR Wilkinson, CR Yoshida, S Zhang, XZ AF Abu-Zayyad, T Belov, K Bird, DJ Boyer, J Cao, Z Catanese, M Chen, GF Clay, RW Covault, CE Dai, HY Dawson, BR Elbert, JW Fick, BE Fortson, LF Fowler, JW Gibbs, KG Glasmacher, MAK Green, KD Ho, Y Huang, A Jui, CC Kidd, MJ Kieda, DB Knapp, BC Ko, S Larsen, CG Lee, W Loh, EC Mannel, EJ Matthews, J Matthews, JN Newport, BJ Nitz, DF Ong, RA Simpson, KM Smith, JD Sinclair, D Sokolsky, P Song, C Tang, JKK Thomas, SB van der Velde, JC Wiencke, LR Wilkinson, CR Yoshida, S Zhang, XZ TI A measurement of the average longitudinal development profile of cosmic ray air showers between 10(17) and 10(18) eV SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE air shower; cosmic ray ID ENERGIES AB The average extensive air shower longitudinal development profile is measured. Events between 10(17) and 10(18) eV recorded by the HiRes/MIA hybrid experiment are used for the average profile. Several functional forms are examined using this average profile. The best-fit parameters for the above functions are determined. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utah, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Def Sci & Technol Org, Salisbury, SA 5108, Australia. Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. So Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70801 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Abu-Zayyad, T (reprint author), Univ Utah, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RI Song, Chihwa/A-3455-2008; Belov, Konstantin/D-2520-2013; OI Matthews, James/0000-0002-1832-4420 NR 14 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00170-5 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 473TE UT WOS:000171063500001 ER PT J AU Kochanek, CS White, M AF Kochanek, CS White, M TI Global probes of the impact of baryons on dark matter halos SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; dark matter; galaxies : formation; galaxies : halos; gravitational lensing; large-scale structure of universe ID GRAVITATIONAL LENS STATISTICS; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; GALAXY FORMATION; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; HUBBLE SEQUENCE; GAS CLOUDS; EVOLUTION; PROFILES AB The halo mass function, dn/dM, predicted by hierarchical clustering models can be measured indirectly using dynamical probes like the distribution of gravitational lens image separations, dn/d Delta theta, or halo circular velocities, dn/dv(c). These dynamical variables depend on the halo structure as well as the halo mass. Since baryonic physics, particularly cooling, significantly modifies the central density structure of dark matter halos, both observational distributions show a feature corresponding to the mass scale below which the baryons in the halo can cool (i.e., galaxies versus clusters). We use simplified but self-consistent models to show that the structural changes to the halos produced by the cooling baryons explain both distributions. Given a fixed halo mass function, matching the observed image separation distribution or local velocity function depends largely on Omega (b) through its effects on the cooling timescales. These baryonic effects on the halo structure also affect the evolution of the velocity function of galaxies with redshift. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kochanek, CS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ckochanek@cfa.harvard.edu; mwhite@cfa.harvard.edu RI White, Martin/I-3880-2015 OI White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070 NR 71 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP 531 EP 543 DI 10.1086/322379 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BD UT WOS:000171439800004 ER PT J AU Monier, EM Mathur, S Wilkes, B Elvis, M AF Monier, EM Mathur, S Wilkes, B Elvis, M TI Discovery of associated absorption lines in an X-ray warm absorber: Hubble Space Telescope faint object spectrograph observations of MR 2251-178 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines; quasars : individual (MR 2251-178); ultraviolet : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ULTRAVIOLET; NGC-5548; QUASARS; GALAXY; SIZE AB The presence of a "warm absorber" was first suggested to explain spectral variability in an X-ray spectrum of the radio-quiet quasi-stellar object (QSO) MR 2251-178. A unified picture, in which X-ray warm absorbers and "intrinsic" UV absorbers are the same, offers the opportunity to probe the nuclear environment of active galactic nuclei. To test this scenario and understand the physical properties of the absorber, we obtained a UV spectrum of MR 2251-178 with the Faint Object Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The HST spectrum clearly shows absorption due to Ly alpha, N V, and C IV, blueshifted by 300 km s(-1) from the emission redshift of the QSO. The rarity of both X-ray and UV absorbers in radio-quiet QSOs suggests these absorbers are physically related, if not identical. Assuming the unified scenario, we place constraints on the physical parameters of the absorber and conclude the mass outflow rate is essentially the same as the accretion rate in MR 2251-178. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43204 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Monier, EM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43204 USA. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP 675 EP 679 DI 10.1086/322304 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BD UT WOS:000171439800013 ER PT J AU Gaensler, BM Slane, PO Gotthelf, EV Vasisht, G AF Gaensler, BM Slane, PO Gotthelf, EV Vasisht, G TI Anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma-ray repeaters in supernova remnants SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE pulsars : general; radio continuum : ISM; stars : neutron; supernova remnants; X-rays : stars ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; MAGNETIZED NEUTRON-STARS; GALACTIC-PLANE-SURVEY; VARIABLE SPIN-DOWN; YOUNG PULSARS; CARINA NEBULA; RADIO-SOURCES; SGR 1900+14; EMISSION; COINCIDENT AB Important constraints on the properties of the anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) can be provided by their associations with supernova remnants (SNRs). We have made a radio search for SNRs toward the AXPs RX J170849-400910 and 4U 0142+61. We find that the former lies near a possible new SNR with which it is unlikely to be physically associated, but we see no SNR in the vicinity of the latter. We review all claimed pairings between AXPs and SNRs; the three convincing associations imply that AXPs are young (<10 000 yr) neutron stars with low projected space velocities (<500 km s(-1)). Contrary to previous claims, we find no evidence that the density of the ambient medium around AXPs is higher than that in the vicinity of radio pulsars. Furthermore, the nondetection of radio emission from AXPs does not imply that these sources are radio-silent. We also review claimed associations between SGRs and SNRs. We find none of these associations to be convincing, consistent with a scenario in which SGRs and AXPs are both populations of high-field neutron stars ("magnetars") but the SGRs are an older or longer-lived group of objects than are the AXPs. If the SGR-SNR associations are shown to be valid, then SGRs must be high-velocity objects and most likely represent a different class of source to the AXPs. C1 MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gaensler, BM (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Space Res, 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 133 TC 142 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP 963 EP 972 DI 10.1086/322358 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BD UT WOS:000171439800034 ER PT J AU Saija, R Iati, MA Borghese, F Denti, P Aiello, S Cecchi-Pestellini, C AF Saija, R Iati, MA Borghese, F Denti, P Aiello, S Cecchi-Pestellini, C TI Beyond Mie theory: The transition matrix approach in interstellar dust modeling SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; radiative transfer; scattering ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; FLUFFY GRAINS; SPHERES; CARBON; EXTINCTION; ABUNDANCE; COMPOSITE; CLOUD AB We model cosmic dust grains as aggregates (clusters) of spheres of appropriate geometry, whose optical properties we calculate in the framework of the transition matrix method. The calculation is performed without resorting to any approximation and with a computational effort that is noticeably lighter than the one required by other methods. Whatever the geometry chosen to model the cosmic grains, the orientational averages that are necessary to describe the propagation of the electromagnetic radiation through a dispersion of clusters are easily handled by exploiting the transformation properties of the transition matrix elements under rotation of the coordinate frame. In this paper we focus on the potentialities of the cluster model by comparing the extinction spectrum of a sphere of astronomical silicates with those of aggregates containing the same mass of silicates and composed of up to 12 spheres. Our main result is that, when a given mass of silicates is subdivided into clustering spheres, the extinction increases in regions of the spectrum determined by the degree of subdivision. We also show to what extent the substitution of the material of some of the clustering spheres with the same volume of carbon changes the extinction signature of the clusters. Finally we show to what extent modification of the geometry of the clusters produces detectable changes in their optical signatures. Detailed analysis of our results leads us to the conclusion that modeling the dust grains as clusters of a single morphology is not sufficient to describe the extinction in the whole wavelength range of astrophysical interest. The cluster model may help emphasize the decisive role of morphology in the identification of sustainable structures for dust grains in the typical physical and chemical conditions of the diffuse interstellar medium. C1 Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis Mat & Tecnol Fis Avanzate, I-98166 Messina, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Saija, R (reprint author), Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis Mat & Tecnol Fis Avanzate, Salita Sperone 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy. OI Cecchi Pestellini, Cesare/0000-0001-7480-0324; IATI', MARIA ANTONIA/0000-0002-3576-8656; IATI', MARIA ANTONIA/0000-0003-0467-8049 NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP 993 EP 1004 DI 10.1086/322350 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BD UT WOS:000171439800037 ER PT J AU Padoan, P Goodman, A Draine, BT Juvela, M Nordlund, A Rognvaldsson, OE AF Padoan, P Goodman, A Draine, BT Juvela, M Nordlund, A Rognvaldsson, OE TI Theoretical models of polarized dust emission from protostellar cores SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; polarization; radio continuum : ISM; submillimeter; turbulence ID LTE RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; GRAIN ALIGNMENT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; STAR-FORMATION; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; DARK CLOUDS; POLARIMETRY; EXTINCTION; TURBULENCE AB We model the polarized thermal dust emission from protostellar cores that are assembled by supersonic turbulent flows in molecular clouds. Self-gravitating cores are selected from a three-dimensional simulation of supersonic and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. The polarization super-Alfvenic is computed in two ways. In model A it is assumed that dust properties and grain alignment efficiency are uniform; in model B it is assumed that grains are not aligned at visual extinction larger than A(V,0 =) 3 mag, consistent with theoretical expectations for grain alignment mechanisms. Instead of using a specific set of grain properties, we adopt a maximum degree of polarization P-max = 15%. Results are there fore sensitive mainly to the topology of the magnetic field (model A) and to the gas distribution that determines the distribution of A(V) (model B). Furthermore, the radiative transfer in the MHD model is A(V) solved with a non-LTE Monte Carlo method, to compute spectral maps of the J = 1-0 transition of CS. The CS spectral maps are used to estimate the turbulent velocity, as in the observations. The main results of this work are the following : (1) Values of P between 1% and 10% (up to almost P-max) are typical, despite the nature of the turbulence. (2) A steep decrease of P with increasing super-Alfvenic values of the submillimeter dust continuum intensity I is always found in self-gravitating cores selected from the MHD simulations if grains are not aligned above a certain value of visual extinction A(V,0) (model B). (3) The same behavior is hard to reproduce if grains are aligned independently of A(V) (model A). (4) The Chandrasekhar-Fermi formula, corrected by a factor f approximate to 0.4, provides an approximate estimate of the average magnetic field strength in the cores. Submillimeter dust continuum polarization maps of quiescent protostellar cores and Bok globules have recently been obtained. They always show a decrease in P with increasing value of I consistent with the predictions of our model B. We therefore conclude that submillimeter polarization maps of quiescent cores do not map the magnetic field inside the cores at visual extinction larger than A(V,0) approximate to 3 mag. The use of such maps to constrain models of protostellar core formation and evolution is questionable. This conclusion suggests that there is no inconsistency between the results from optical and near-IR polarized absorption of background stars and the observed polarization of submillimeter dust continuum from quiescent cores. In both cases, grains at large visual extinction appear to be virtually unaligned. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Helsinki Observ, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Copenhagen Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Theoret Astrophys Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Nord Inst Theoret Phys, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Padoan, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Juvela, Mika/H-6131-2011; Nordlund, Aake/M-4528-2014; Goodman, Alyssa/A-6007-2010; OI Juvela, Mika/0000-0002-5809-4834; Nordlund, Aake/0000-0002-2219-0541; Goodman, Alyssa/0000-0003-1312-0477; Draine, Bruce/0000-0002-0846-936X; Padoan, Paolo/0000-0002-5055-5800 NR 46 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP 1005 EP 1018 DI 10.1086/322504 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BD UT WOS:000171439800038 ER PT J AU Menou, K Perna, R Hernquist, L AF Menou, K Perna, R Hernquist, L TI Stability and evolution of supernova fallback disks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; MHD; pulsars : general; stars : neutron; supernovae : general; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY PULSARS; NEUTRON STAR ACCRETION; SOFT GAMMA-REPEATERS; DWARF-NOVA OUTBURSTS; WHITE-DWARFS; INSTABILITY MODEL; BINARY-SYSTEMS; SOLID BODY; SIMULATIONS; LIMIT AB We show that thin accretion disks made of carbon or oxygen are subject to the same thermal ionization instability as hydrogen and helium disks. We argue that the instability applies to disks of any metal content. The relevance of the instability to supernova fallback disks probably means that their power-law evolution breaks down when they first become neutral. We construct simple analytical models for the viscous evolution of fallback disks to show that it is possible for these disks to become neutral when they are still young (ages of a few 10(3) to 10(4) yr), compact in size (a few 10(9) to 10(11) cm) and generally accreting at sub-Eddington rates ((M) over dot similar to few 10(14)-10(18) g s(-1)). Based on recent results on the nature of viscosity in the disks of close binaries, we argue that this time may also correspond to the end of the disk activity period. Indeed, in the absence of a significant source of viscosity in the neutral phase, the entire disk will likely turn to dust and become passive. We discuss various applications of the evolutionary model, including anomalous X-ray pulsars and young radio pulsars. Our analysis indicates that metal-rich fallback disks around newly born neutron stars and black holes become neutral generally inside the tidal truncation radius (Roche limit) for planets at approximate to 10(11) cm. Consequently, the efficiency of the planetary formation process in this context will mostly depend on the ability of the resulting disk of rocks to spread via collisions beyond the Roche limit. It appears easier for the merger product of a doubly degenerate binary, whether it is a massive white dwarf or a neutron star, to harbor planets because its remnant disk has a rather large initial angular momentum, which allows it to spread beyond the Roche limit before becoming neutral. The early super-Eddington phase of accretion is a source of uncertainty for the disk evolution models presented here. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Menou, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 93 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP 1032 EP 1046 DI 10.1086/322418 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BD UT WOS:000171439800040 ER PT J AU Albrow, MD Gilliland, RL Brown, TM Edmonds, PD Guhathakurta, P Sarajedini, A AF Albrow, MD Gilliland, RL Brown, TM Edmonds, PD Guhathakurta, P Sarajedini, A TI The frequency of binary stars in the core of 47 Tucanae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; binaries : general; globular clusters : individual (NGC 104, 47 Tucanae) ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; INTERACTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM EXCHANGE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; URSAE-MAJORIS SYSTEMS; BVI CCD PHOTOMETRY; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; UMA-TYPE SYSTEMS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; VARIABLE-STARS AB Differential time series photometry has been derived for 46,422 main-sequence stars in the core of 47 Tucanae. The observations consisted of near-continuous 160 s exposures alternating between the F555W and F814W filters for 8.3 days in 1999 July with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on the Hubble Space Telescope. Using Fourier and other search methods, 11 detached eclipsing binaries and 15 W Ursa Majoris stars have been discovered plus an additional 10 contact or near-contact noneclipsing systems. After correction for nonuniform area coverage of the survey, the observed frequencies of detached eclipsing binaries and W UMa stars within 90 " of the cluster center are 0.022% and 0.031%, respectively. The observed detached eclipsing binary frequency, the assumptions of a flat binary distribution with log period, and assuming that the eclipsing binaries with periods longer than about 4 days have essentially their primordial periods imply an overall binary frequency of 13%+/-6%. The observed W UMa frequency and the additional assumptions that W UMa stars have evolved to contact according to tidal circularization and angular momentum loss theory and that the contact binary lifetime is 10(9) yr imply an overall binary frequency of 14%+/-4%. An additional 71 variables with periods from 0.4 to 10 days have been found, which are likely to be BY Draconis stars in binary systems. The radial distribution of these stars is the same as that of the eclipsing binaries and W UMa stars and is more centrally concentrated than average stars but less so than the blue straggler stars. A distinct subset of six of these stars falls in an unexpected domain of the color-magnitude diagram, comprising what we propose to call red stragglers. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Albrow, MD (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. NR 92 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP 1060 EP 1081 DI 10.1086/322353 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BD UT WOS:000171439800043 ER PT J AU Hughes, JP Slane, PO Burrows, DN Garmire, G Nousek, JA Olbert, CM Keohane, JW AF Hughes, JP Slane, PO Burrows, DN Garmire, G Nousek, JA Olbert, CM Keohane, JW TI A pulsar wind nebula in the oxygen-rich supernova remnant G292.0+1.8 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (SNR G292.0+1.8, MSH 11-54); pulsars : general; shock waves; supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID CRAB-NEBULA AB Using the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, we have discovered a diffuse, center-filled region of hard X-ray emission within the young, oxygen-rich supernova remnant (SNR) G292.0+1.8. Near the peak of this diffuse emission lies a pointlike source of X-ray emission that is well described by an absorbed power-law spectrum with photon index 1.72+/-0.09. This source appears to be marginally extended; its extent of 1."3 (FWHM) is greater than that of a nearby serendipitous X-ray source with FWHM = 1."1. This is strong evidence for the presence within SNR G292.0+/-1.8 of a young rapidly rotating pulsar and its associated pulsar wind nebula. Both the X-ray and radio luminosity of the pulsar wind nebula imply a spin-down energy-loss rate of (E) over dot similar to 10(37) ergs s(-1) for the still undetected pulsar. The pulsar candidate is 0.'9 from the geometric center of the SNR, which implies a transverse velocity of similar to 770(D/4.8 kpc)(t/1600 yr)(-1) km s(-1) assuming currently accepted values for the distance and age of G292.0+1.8. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. N Carolina Sch Sci & Math, Durham, NC 27705 USA. RP Hughes, JP (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 20 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP L153 EP L156 DI 10.1086/323974 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BG UT WOS:000171440100021 ER PT J AU Tomsick, JA Heindl, WA Chakrabarty, D Halpern, JP Kaaret, P AF Tomsick, JA Heindl, WA Chakrabarty, D Halpern, JP Kaaret, P TI Keck measurement of the XTE J2123-058 radial velocity curve SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : individual (XTE J2123-058); stars : neutron; X-rays : general; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY TRANSIENT; NOVA; PULSARS; STARS; MASS AB We measured the radial velocity curve of the companion of the neutron star X- ray transient XTE J2123-058. Its semiamplitude (K-2) of 298.5 +/- 6.9 km s(-1) is the highest value that has been measured for any neutron star low- mass X- ray binary. The high value for K-2 is, in part, due to the high binary inclination of the system but may also indicate a high neutron star mass. The mass function (f(2)) of 0.684 +/- M., along with our constraints on the companion's spectral type (K5 V- K9 V) and previous constraints on the inclination, gives a likely range of neutron star masses from 1.2 to 1.8 M.. We also derive a source distance of 8.5 +/- 2.5 kpc, indicating that XTE J2123-058 is unusually far, 5.0 +/- 1.5 kpc, from the Galactic plane. Our measurement of the systemic radial velocity is -94.5 +/- 5.5 km s(-1), which is significantly different from what would be observed if this object corotated with the disk of the Galaxy. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tomsick, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, Code 0424,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 2 BP L123 EP L126 DI 10.1086/323752 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480BG UT WOS:000171440100014 ER PT J AU Kuhn, O Elvis, M Bechtold, J Elston, R AF Kuhn, O Elvis, M Bechtold, J Elston, R TI A search for signatures of quasar evolution: Comparison of the shapes of the rest-frame optical/ultraviolet continua of quasars at z > 3 and z similar to 0.1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; quasars : general; ultraviolet : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTICAL LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD; LY-ALPHA FOREST; FE II EMISSION; ACCRETION DISKS AB For 15 bright (V < 17.5), high-redshift (z > 3) quasars, we have obtained infrared spectra and photometry, and optical spectrophotometry and photometry, which we use to construct their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from lambda (rest) similar to 1285-5100 Angstrom. High-resolution spectroscopy for seven enable measure ments of their continua shortward of Ly alpha, and L' detections of four of these extend their SEDs redward to lambda (rest) similar to 7500 Angstrom. We examine the optical/UV continuum shapes and compare these to those of a set of 27 well-studied low-redshift (z similar to 0.1) quasars which are matched to the high-redshift ones in evolved luminosity. Single power-law fits to the average fluxes within a set of narrow, line-free, windows between 1285 and 5100 Angstrom, but excluding the 2000-4000 Angstrom region of the Fe II + BaC "small bump," are adequate for most of the objects. For both the high- and low-redshift samples, the distributions of spectral indices, alpha (ouv) (F(nu) similar to nu (alpha ouv)) span a wide range, with Delta alpha (ouv) similar to 1. The cause of such diversity is investigated, and our analysis is consistent with the conclusion of Rowan-Robinson: that it arises from differences in both the emitted continua themselves and in the amounts of intrinsic extinction undergone. The mean (median) optical/UV spectral indices for the high- and low-redshift samples are -0.32 (-0.29) and -0.38 (-0.40), respectively. A Student's t-test indicates that these do not differ significantly, and a K-S test shows likewise for the distributions. Assuming the optical/UV continuum derives from accretion, the similarity of the spectral indices at high and low redshift is inconsistent with models which interpret the statistical evolution as resulting from a single generation of slowly dimming quasars and instead favors those involving multiple generations of short-lived quasars formed at successively lower luminosities. A clear difference between the high- and low-redshift samples occurs in the region of "small bump." The power-law fit residuals for the low-redshift sample show a systematic excess from similar to 2200 to 3000 Angstrom; but this feature is weak or absent in the high-redshift sample. Further study is needed to determine what is responsible for this contrast, but it could reflect differences in iron abundance or Fe II energy source, or alternatively, an intrinsic turnover in the continuum itself which is present at low but not at high redshift. C1 Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kuhn, O (reprint author), Joint Astron Ctr, 660 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM o.kuhn@jach.hawaii.edu; elvis@cfa.harvard.edu; jill@as.arizona.edu; elston@astro.ufl.edu NR 141 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 136 IS 2 BP 225 EP 264 DI 10.1086/322535 PG 40 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 486CA UT WOS:000171799800001 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Myers, PC Tafalla, M AF Lee, CW Myers, PC Tafalla, M TI A survey for infall motions toward starless cores. II. CS (2-1) and N2H+ (1-0) mapping observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE ISM : globules; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; stars : formation ID MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DENSE CORES; PROTOSTELLAR CORE; FRAGMENTATION INSTABILITY; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION; DARK CLOUDS; TMC-1; COLLAPSE; TAURUS; DUST AB We present the results of an extensive mapping survey of "starless" cores in the optically thick line of CS (2-1) and the optically thin lines of N2H+ (1-0) and (CO)-O-18 (1-0). The purpose of this survey was to search for signatures of extended inward motions. A total of 53 targets were observed in the three lines with the FCRAO 14 m telescope. Thirty-three regions were mapped in both CS and N2H+ and thirty seven well-defined N2H+ cores have been identified. The N2H+ emission is generally compact enough to find a peak, while the CS and (CO)-O-18 emissions are more diffuse. For each core, we have derived the normalized velocity difference (deltaV(CS)) between the thick CS and thin N2H+ peak velocities. We define 10 "strong" and nine "probable" infall candidates, based on deltaV(CS) analysis and on the spectral shapes of CS lines. From our analysis of the blue-skewed CS spectra and the deltaV(CS) parameter, we find typical infall radii of 0.06-0.14 pc. Also, using a simple two-layer radiative transfer model to fit the profiles, we derive one-dimensional infall speeds, the values of half of which lie in the range of 0.05-0.09 km s(-1). These values are similar to those found in L1544 by Tafalla et al., and this result confirms that infall speeds in starless cores are generally faster than expected from ambipolar diffusion in a strongly subcritical core. In addition, the observed infall regions are too extended to be consistent with the "inside-out" collapse model applied to a very low mass star. In the largest cores, the spatial extent of the CS spectra with infall asymmetry is larger than the extent of the N2H+ core by a factor of 2-3. All these results suggest that extended inward motions are a common feature in starless cores, and that they could represent a necessary stage in the condensation of a star-forming dense core. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Korea Astron Observ, Taeduk Radio Astron Observ, Taejon 305348, South Korea. Observ Astron Nacl, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. RP Lee, CW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 41 TC 162 Z9 162 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 136 IS 2 BP 703 EP 734 DI 10.1086/322534 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 486CA UT WOS:000171799800010 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JD Shipley, LA McShea, WJ Shumway, DL AF Fletcher, JD Shipley, LA McShea, WJ Shumway, DL TI Wildlife herbivory and rare plants: the effects of white-tailed deer, rodents, and insects on growth and survival of Turk's cap lily SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE chipmunks; herbivory; insects; lilies; rodents; white-tailed deer; wildflowers; wildlife damage ID FRAGMENTED DECIDUOUS FORESTS; TRIPHYLLUM L. SCHOTT; TRILLIUM-GRANDIFLORUM; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; EASTERN CHIPMUNK; BIRD POPULATIONS; TAMIAS-STRIATUS; ACORN CROPS; PENNSYLVANIA AB Current land-use changes in eastern deciduous forests, such as fragmentation, may affect population sizes of native wildlife that may exacerbate declines in rare and endangered wildflower populations in the eastern deciduous forests. In this study, we examined the influence of herbivory by rodents (Peromyscus leucopus, Sciurus sp., and Tamias striatus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the growth and survival of Turk's cap lily (Lilium superbum) planted in Virginia. Bulbs were planted in pairs and in patches. One plant per pair was protected from deer damage with a wire cage, and patches consisted of two, 10 and 25 bulbs planted within 0.04 ha. Rodents dug up and consumed 9% of all the bulbs planted, and fatal rodent damage was 3 times greater in successional than in upland hardwood and creek bottom habitats. White-tailed deer consumed the apical meristem of 28% of the unprotected lilies that emerged, reducing mean plant height and stopping growth and reproduction for that season. Deer and insects, but not rodents, damaged a greater proportion of plants emerging in small patches (1-2 plants/0.04 ha) than on larger patches (3-20 plants/0.04 ha). Therefore, when protecting remaining populations or restoring new populations of rare perennial wildflowers in the eastern deciduous forest, methods for protecting plants from herbivory by rodents and white-tailed deer should be considered. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Frostburg State Univ, Dept Biol, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Shipley, LA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 66 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 101 IS 2 BP 229 EP 238 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 464EE UT WOS:000170519600010 ER PT J AU Acevedo-Rodriguez, P Somner, GV AF Acevedo-Rodriguez, P Somner, GV TI Two new species of Serjania (Sapindaceae) from southeastern Brazil SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE Sapindaceae; Serjania; Serjania section Eurycoccus; Southeastern Brazil AB One new species of Serjania (S. erythrocaulis) belonging to the S. paradoxa group of Serjania sect. Eurycoccus is described and illustrated bringing the total number of species in this group to eight. A second new species, Serjania divaricocca, belonging to sect. Serjania is also described and illustrated. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Acevedo-Rodriguez, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Bot, MRC-166, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 53 IS 4 BP 477 EP 481 DI 10.1007/BF02809646 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 529ZJ UT WOS:000174330900001 ER PT J AU Wagner, WL Robinson, H AF Wagner, WL Robinson, H TI Lipochaeta and Melanthera (Asteraceae : Heliantheae subtribe Ecliptinae): establishing their natural limits and a synopsis SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; Compositae; Heliantheae; Ecliptinae; Echinocephalum; Lipochaeta; Macraea; Melanthera; Trigonopterum; Wedelia; Wollastonia; Hawaiian Islands; Pacific islands; New World; Africa; Asia ID HAWAIIAN AB We restrict the genus Lipochaeta to the allopolyploid species of the typical section. Lipochaeta s.str. is interpreted to be the result of an intergeneric hybridization between Melanthera and a presently unknown taxon, perhaps of the genus Wedelia. Lipochaeta is characterized, in addition to its allopolyploidy (n=26), by having both flavonols and flavones, disk corollas with 4 lobes, achenes tuberculate at maturity, the disk achenes flattened to slightly biconvex, and ray achenes ob-compressed. Lipochaeta sect. Aphanopappus and Wollastonia are here reduced to synonymy under Melanthera. We transfer 14 Hawaiian Lipochaeta and one New Caledonian species as well as the Asian Wedelia prostrata to Melanthera. These transfers, along with the species in Africa and North America, bring the number of species in the genus to 35. Melanthera is delimited by an abruptly narrowed to truncate and flattened top of the achene, (0-)1-15(-20) often unequal, ciliate or barbellate, caducous pappus bristles immediately surrounding the corolla, involucral bracts and receptacular paleae with many veins forming longitudinal striations, and n=15. The florets are 5-merous, the corollas are yellow or white, and rays are absent (in white-flowered species) or present and neutral or fertile. In dealing with species formerly placed in Lipochaeta, the Galapagos L. laricifolia is here transferred from the illegitimate generic name Macraea to Trigonopterum and the Brazilian L. goyazensis is transferred to Angelphytum. We maintain the earlier reduction of Echinocephalum under Melanthera and reduce all three taxa originally described in it to one, M. latifolia. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Wagner, WL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 53 IS 4 BP 539 EP 561 DI 10.1007/BF02809655 PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 529ZJ UT WOS:000174330900010 ER PT J AU Young, BE Lips, KR Reaser, JK Ibanez, R Salas, AW Cedeno, JR Coloma, LA Ron, S La Marca, E Meyer, JR Munoz, A Bolanos, F Chaves, G Romo, D AF Young, BE Lips, KR Reaser, JK Ibanez, R Salas, AW Cedeno, JR Coloma, LA Ron, S La Marca, E Meyer, JR Munoz, A Bolanos, F Chaves, G Romo, D TI Population declines and priorities for amphibian conservation in Latin America SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID UV-B RADIATION; SALAMANDER AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; RAIN-FOREST FROGS; TROPICAL MOUNTAIN; MORTALITY; TOAD; SITE; FLUCTUATIONS; PERSPECTIVE; CALIFORNIA AB Although dramatic amphibian population declines have been reported worldwide, our understanding of the extent of the declines in Latin America, where amphibian diversity is high, is limited to a few well-documented studies. To better understand the geographic extent of declines, their possible causes, and the measures needed to improve Latin American scientists' ability to research the phenomenon and make effective management recommendations, we convened three regional workshops with 88 Latin American herpetologists and conservationists. Population declines are widespread in Latin America. At least 13 countries have experienced declines, and in 40 cases species are now thought to be extinct or extirpated in a country where they once occurred. Declines or extinctions have affected 30 genera and nine families of amphibians. Most declines have occurred in remote highlands, above 500 m in elevation in Central America and above 1000 m In the Andes. Most documented declines occurred in the 1980s. Of the possible causes studied to date, climate change appears to be important at one site and chytrid fungal disease has been identified at sites in three countries. Although many monitoring studies are currently underway in a variety of habitats, most studies are recent and of short duration. In a signed resolution, workshop participants called for greater collaboration and communication among scientists working in Latin America to understand the geographic extent of population declines and the distribution of possible causal factors. In situ conservation is important to protect habitats, but captive-rearing programs for species subject to imminent extinction are also needed. Better understanding of the taxonomy and natural history of amphibians and more funding for research and monitoring are critical to developing a scientific basis for management action to arrest and reverse population declines. C1 Assoc Biodivers Informat, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. US Dept State, Off Ecol & Terr Conservat, Washington, DC 20520 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Ricardo Palma, Museo Hist Nat, Lima 33, Peru. El Colegio Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Museo Zool, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias Forestales & Ambientales, Lab Biogeog, Merida 5101A, Venezuela. Navajo Nat Heritage Program, Window Rock, AZ 86515 USA. El Colegio Frontera Sur, Chiapas, Mexico. Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Pedro, Costa Rica. Univ San Francisco Quito, Colegio Ciencias Ambientales, Quito, Ecuador. RP Young, BE (reprint author), Assoc Biodivers Informat, 1101 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. OI Chaves, Gerardo/0000-0002-4301-6569; Coloma, Luis/0000-0003-0158-2455; Lips, Karen/0000-0002-2719-1551; Ron, Santiago/0000-0001-6300-9350 NR 84 TC 202 Z9 233 U1 10 U2 89 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1213 EP 1223 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.00218.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 481BY UT WOS:000171501100004 ER PT J AU Kensley, B AF Kensley, B TI Two sympatric species of Axius from the north-west Atlantic (Decapoda, Thalassinidea, Axiidae) SO CRUSTACEANA LA English DT Article AB Axius serratus Stimpson, 1852, is redescribed and illustrated, and its distribution based on 54 records of 68 specimens is recorded. The sympatric, and rarely recorded Axius armatrus Smith. 1881. is redescribed and illustrated for the first time. based on six female specimens from five separate records. These two species are compared with the eastern Atlantic Axius stirhynchus Leach, 1815. The three species can be separated on the basis of the uropodal transverse suture, telsonic and pereopodal spination, and pereopod 4 sternite structure. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kensley, B (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-216X J9 CRUSTACEANA JI Crustaceana PD OCT PY 2001 VL 74 BP 951 EP 962 DI 10.1163/15685400152682692 PN 9 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 510TE UT WOS:000173222700013 ER PT J AU Warkentin, KM Currie, CR Rehner, SA AF Warkentin, KM Currie, CR Rehner, SA TI Egg-killing fungus induces early hatching of red-eyed treefrog eggs SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Agalychnis callidryas; anuran; Dothideales; fungal infection; ontogenetic niche shift; Panama; pathogen; Phaeosphaeriaceae; phenotypic plasticity; red-eyed treefrog; tadpole; timing of hatching ID PREDATION RISK; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; SALAMANDER EGGS; SITE SELECTION; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; FLY LARVAE; FROG; AMPHIBIANS; EMBRYOS AB Pathogens can cause substantial mortality of amphibian eggs. If the timing of hatching is phenotypically plastic, embryos could escape from otherwise lethal infections by hatching early. We tested this with the arboreal eggs of red-eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas. A filamentous ascomycete (Dothideales: Phaeosphaeriaceae) was present on similar to7% of egg clutches collected from a pond in the rain forest in Panama and, when present, killed 40% of the eggs, on average. Inoculation experiments confirmed that the fungus attacked and killed healthy embryos, establishing that this fungus is a pathogen of A. callidryas eggs. As predicted from life history theory, embryos hatched earlier from both naturally infected and inoculated clutches than from fungus-free control clutches. Within infected clutches, live embryos in contact with fungal hyphae hatched before those embryos not in contact with the fungus. Accelerated hatching allowed embryos to survive that otherwise would have been killed, and tadpoles hatched from infected clutches were themselves uninfected. Red-eyed treefrog embryos also hatch early if attacked by predators, apparently in response to vibratory cues. Because fungal infection provides no vibratory stimuli, embryos must respond to different cues in fungus-induced hatching than in predator-induced hatching. The behavioral decision of when to hatch is complex and merits further investigation. Our study indicates that pathogens can influence the timing of life history transitions, as do other stage-specific risks. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. RP Warkentin, KM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Biol, 5 Cummington St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 69 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2860 EP 2869 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2860:EKFIEH]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487FN UT WOS:000171863100015 ER PT J AU Fonseca, DM Hart, DD AF Fonseca, DM Hart, DD TI Colonization history masks habitat preferences in local distributions of stream insects SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black fly larvae; field experiment; habitat selection; open populations; patchiness; settlement constraints; Simulium vittatum; spatial scale; streams; water velocity ID BLACK FLIES DIPTERA; SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; CURRENT VELOCITY; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; SIMULIIDAE DIPTERA; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; INGESTION RATES; LIFE-HISTORY; MARINE AB Habitat selection is often viewed as a major process determining the distribution and abundance of animals. If animals have limited control over their dispersal, however, they may sometimes be unable to colonize preferred habitats. In such cases, observed spatial variations in abundance may reflect the vagaries of colonization rather than true habitat preferences. Our study examined whether local variations in the density of stream insects are related to habitat quality or colonization history. We focused on larval black flies (Simulium vittatum), a representative group of suspension feeders that exhibit strong preferences for habitats characterized by high near-bed velocities. Despite these preferences, variations in the density of S. vittatum larvae across benthic substrates within the riffles of a Pennsylvania stream were often weakly related to velocity. Moreover, densities on substrates of similar velocity varied by more than six-fold. We conducted a field experiment to test whether these density differences reflect habitat preferences and employed a short-term behavioral assay based on larval emigration to quantify preference. We used a block design to compare emigration rates from paired substrates that had been colonized by markedly different larval densities despite their similar velocities. After removing these larvae, we added larvae to both substrate types in equal numbers, following which we measured larval emigration. There was no significant difference in emigration between these paired substrates even though statistical power was high, which indicates that the large density differences present at the end of the colonization period on substrates of similar velocity were unrelated to habitat preferences. There were, however, significantly more departures from blocks of substrates in lower velocities than from those in higher velocities, demonstrating that the duration of our experiment was sufficient for black fly larvae to express their habitat preferences. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that dispersal constraints associated with the settlement of drifting larvae limit their ability to reach preferred habitats. In fact, related studies predict that larval settlement rates are lowest in the high velocity habitats preferred by larvae. We conclude that such dispersal constraints may be important for a wide variety of freshwater, marine, and terrestrial organisms that are transported by moving fluids. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Fonseca, DM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RI Fonseca, Dina/B-9951-2011 OI Fonseca, Dina/0000-0003-4726-7100 NR 92 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 82 IS 10 BP 2897 EP 2910 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2897:CHMHPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487FN UT WOS:000171863100018 ER PT J AU Brumfield, RT Jernigan, RW McDonald, DB Braun, MJ AF Brumfield, RT Jernigan, RW McDonald, DB Braun, MJ TI Evolutionary implications of divergent clines in an avian (Manacus : Aves) hybrid zone SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE cline; hybrid zone; introgression; Manacus; manakin; sexual selection; speciation ID FIRE-BELLIED TOADS; GENE FLOW; SEXUAL SELECTION; BOMBINA-BOMBINA; COLOR PATTERNS; CONTACT ZONE; HYBRIDIZATION; ARCHITECTURE; CHROMOSOMES; SPECIATION AB A previous study of the hybrid zone in western Panama between white-collared (Manacus candei) and golden-collared manakins (M. vitellinus) documented the unidirectional introgression of vitellinus male secondary sexual traits across the zone. Here, we examine the hybrid zone in greater genetic and morphological detail. Statistical comparisons of clines are performed using maximum-likelihood and nonparametric bootstrap methods. Our results demonstrate that an array of six molecular and two morphometric markers agree in cline position and width. Clines for male collar and belly color are similar in width to the first eight clines, but are shifted in position by at least five cline widths. The result is that birds in intervening populations are genetically and morphometrically very like parental candei, but males have the plumage color of parental vitellinus. Neither neutral diffusion nor nonlinearity of color scales appear to be viable explanations for the large cline shifts. Genetic dominance of vitellinus plumage traits is another potential explanation that will require breeding experiments to test. Sexual selection remains a plausible explanation for the observed introgression of vitellinus color traits in these highly dimorphic, polygynous. lek-mating birds. Two other clines, including a nondiagnostic isozyme locus, are similar in position to the main cluster of clines, but are broader in width. Thus, introgression at some loci is greater than that detected with diagnostic markers. Assuming that narrow clines are maintained by selection, variation in cline width indicates that selection is not uniform throughout the genome and that diagnostic markers are under more intense selective pressure. The traditional focus on diagnostic markers in studies of hybrid zones may therefore lead to underestimates of average introgression. This effect may be more pronounced in organisms with low levels of genetic divergence between hybridizing taxa. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Lab Mol Systemat, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. American Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Brumfield, RT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM brumfld@u.washington.edu; jernigan@american.edu; dbmcd@uwyo.edu; braun@lms.si.edu RI McDonald, David/C-3195-2008; Brumfield, Robb/K-6108-2015 OI McDonald, David/0000-0001-8582-3775; Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688 NR 75 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 EI 1558-5646 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD OCT PY 2001 VL 55 IS 10 BP 2070 EP 2087 PG 18 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 494WJ UT WOS:000172308600014 PM 11761066 ER PT J AU Becker, H Morgan, JW Walker, RJ MacPherson, GJ Grossman, JN AF Becker, H Morgan, JW Walker, RJ MacPherson, GJ Grossman, JN TI Rhenium-osmium systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; ANGRA-DOS-REIS; ALLENDE METEORITE; SOLAR NEBULA; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITIONS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; IRON-METEORITES AB The Re-Os isotopic systematics of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) in chondrites were investigated in order to shed light on the behavior of the Re-Os system in bulk chondrites, and to constrain the timing of chemical fractionation in primitive chondrites. CAIs with relatively unfractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns (groups I, III, V, VI) define a narrow range of Re-187/Os-188 (0.3764-0.4443) and (OS)-O-187/(OS)-O-188 (0.12599-0.12717), and high but variable Re and Os abundances (3209-41,820 ppb Os). In contrast, CAIs that show depletions in highly refractory elements and strongly fractionated REE patterns (group II) also show a much larger range in Re-187/Os-188 (0.409-0.535) and (OS)-O-187/(OS)-O-188 (0.12695-0.13770), and greater than an order of magnitude lower Re and Os abundances than other groups (e.g., 75.7-680.2 ppb Os). Sixteen bulk CAIs and CAI splits plot within analytical uncertainty of a 4558 Ga reference isochron, as is expected for materials of this antiquity. Eight samples, however, plot off the isochron. Several possible reasons for these deviations are discussed. Data for multiple splits of one CAI indicate that the nonisochronous. behavior for at least this CAI is the result of Re-Os. reequilibration at approximately 1.6 Ga. Thus, the most likely explanation for the deviations of most of the nonisochronous CAIs is late-stage open-system behavior of Re and Os in the asteroidal environment. The Os-187/Os-188-Os systematics of CAIs are consistent with previous models that indicate group II CAIs are mixtures of components that lost the bulk of their highly refractory elements in a previous condensation event and a minor second component that provided refractory elements at chondritic: relative proportions. The high Re/Os of group H CAIs relative to other CAIs and chondrite bulk rocks may have been caused by variable mobilization of Re and Os during medium- to low-temperature parent body alteration similar to4.5 Ga ago. This model is favored over nebular models, which pose several difficulties. The narrow range of Os-187/Os-188 in group I, III, V, and VI bulk CAIs, and the agreement with Os-187/Os-188 of whole rock carbonaceous. chondrites suggest that on a bulk inclusion scale, secondary alteration only modestly fractionated Re/Os in these CAIs. The average of (OS)-O-187/Os-188 for group I, III, V, and VI CAIs is indistinguishable from average CI chondrites, indicating a modem solar system value for Os-187/Os-188 Of 0.12650, corresponding to a Re-187/Os-188 of 0.3964. Copyright (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Becker, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Walker, Richard/K-6869-2016 OI Walker, Richard/0000-0003-0348-2407 NR 72 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 2001 VL 65 IS 19 BP 3379 EP 3390 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00676-7 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 479DG UT WOS:000171388200014 ER PT J AU Ceruzzi, PE AF Ceruzzi, PE TI A view from 20 years as a historian of computing SO IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING LA English DT Article AB The author's reflections go back to the late 1970s when the electronic, stored program was itself only a few decades old and the challenge, in the history of computing field, was to convey computer history's significance and reach. The contemporary challenge is to maintain historical standards, objectivity, and distance while keeping abreast of technology's rapid changes. To survive, the field must also defend that the study of computing is separate from the computing that permeates modern life via the Web. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ceruzzi, PE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1058-6180 J9 IEEE ANN HIST COMPUT JI IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 23 IS 4 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1109/85.969963 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science GA 498DA UT WOS:000172493500009 ER PT J AU Felder, DL AF Felder, DL TI Diversity and ecological significance of deep-burrowing macrocrustaceans in coastal tropical waters of the Americas (Decapoda : Thalassinidea) SO INTERCIENCIA LA English DT Review DE thalassinideans; mudshrimp; bioturbation; burrowing ID SHRIMP CALLIANASSA-SUBTERRANEA; CRUSTACEA DECAPODA THALASSINIDEA; GENUS LEPIDOPHTHALMUS DECAPODA; BIFFARIUS-ARENOSUS DECAPODA; CALLICHIRUS-MAJOR CRUSTACEA; UPOGEBIA STELLATA CRUSTACEA; TRYPAEA-AUSTRALIENSIS DANA; INTERTIDAL SAND FLAT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; GHOST SHRIMP AB Deep-burrowing thalassinidean shrimp, commonly called mud shrimp or ghost shrimp, dominate soft substrates and benthic processes in many coastal settings. Among the more common genera in tropical intertidal to shallow subtidal areas are Lepidophthalmus and Callichirus, associated with muddy estuaries and quartzite sand beaches, respectively, and the less well-known laomediid genus Axianassa, associated with red mangroves. Recent studies of these and varied relatives suggest that sediment turnover by these deep-burrowers and facilitation of nutrient flux by burrow ventilation can be of major significance to associated autotrophs, and may, dominate benthic processes in some communities. Habitat perturbations, contamination and hydrological alterations may render populations of these obligate burrowers vulnerable to mass mortalities, of special concern for those species that are regionally endemized. Under yet other circumstances, organic enrichment of habitat substrates, particularly in aquacultural settings, may, induce explosive population increases. Either of these dynamics could result in negative impacts on water quality and productivity; and contribute to the decline of associated plant and animal communities. Conservation of these burrowing shrimp communities requires thorough understanding of their life histories, habitat dependencies, symbiotic relationships, and population responses to environmental perturbations. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lab Crustacean Res, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Felder, DL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM dlf4517@louisiana.edu NR 110 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 13 PU INTERCIENCIA PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 51842, CARACAS 1050A, VENEZUELA SN 0378-1844 J9 INTERCIENCIA JI Interciencia PD OCT PY 2001 VL 26 IS 10 BP 440 EP + PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 491XA UT WOS:000172134300004 ER PT J AU Schwartz, GT Reid, DJ Dean, C AF Schwartz, GT Reid, DJ Dean, C TI Developmental aspects of sexual dimorphism in hominoid canines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE canine dimorphism; dental development; incremental lines; periodicity; secretion rates; growth and development ID CHIMPANZEES PAN-TROGLODYTES; BODY-SIZE DIMORPHISM; DENTAL DEVELOPMENT; ENAMEL THICKNESS; HUMAN-TEETH; PERMANENT TEETH; HISTOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION; INCREMENTAL MARKINGS; TOOTH CALCIFICATION; HARD TISSUES AB We examined the histology of canine teeth in extant hominoids and provided a comparative database on several aspects of canine development. The resultant data augment the known pattern of differences in aspects of tooth crown formation among great apes and more irnportantly, enable us to determine the underlying developmental mechanisms responsible for canine dimorphism in them. We sectioned and analyzed large sample (n = 108) of reliably-sexed great ape mandibular canines according to standard histological techniques. Using information from long- and short-period incremental markings in teeth, we recorded measurements of daily secretion rates, periodicity and linear enamel thickness for specimens of Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus and Homo sapiens. Modal values of periodicities in males and females, respectively, are: Pan 7/7; Gorilla 9/10; Pongo 10/10; and Homo 8/8. Secretion rates increase from the inner to the outer region of the enamel cap and decrease from the cuspal towards the cervical margin of the canine crown in all great ape species. Female hominoids tend to possess significantly thicker enamel than their male counterparts, which is almost certainly related to the presence of faster daily secretion rates near the enamel-dentine junction, especially in Gorilla and Pongo. Taken together, these results indicate that sexual differences in canine development are most apparent in the earlier stages of canine crown formation, while interspecific differences are most apparent in the outer crown region. When combined with results on the rate and duration of canine crown formation, the results provide essential background work for larger projects aimed at understanding the developmental basis of canine dimorphism in extant and extinct large-bodied hominoids and eventually in early hominins. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4BW, Tyne & Wear, England. UCL, Dept Anat & Dev Biol, Evolutionary Anat Unit, London WC1E 6JJ, England. RP Schwartz, GT (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, 2110 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM garys@gwu.edu NR 97 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0291 EI 1573-8604 J9 INT J PRIMATOL JI Int. J. Primatol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 22 IS 5 BP 837 EP 860 DI 10.1023/A:1012073601808 PG 24 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 493ME UT WOS:000172226300008 ER PT J AU Basset, Y Charles, E Hammond, DS Brown, VK AF Basset, Y Charles, E Hammond, DS Brown, VK TI Short-term effects of canopy openness on insect herbivores in a rain forest in Guyana SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community structure; disturbance; insect herbivores; selective logging; species richness; tropical rain forest ID TROPICAL FOREST; LOGGING DAMAGE; DISTURBANCE; ABUNDANCE; DIVERSITY; EXTINCTION; SEEDLINGS; INVERTEBRATES; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES AB 1. A before/after-control/impact experiment (BACI) was used to examine the shortterm effects of canopy openness on insect herbivores foraging on the seedlings of five rain forest species in an unlogged forest in Guyana. During the first and second study years, insects were collected monthly from 250 sites, representing 9750 seedlings spread over a plot of 1 km(2). At the onset of the second collecting year, half of the parent trees at the sites were felled, creating an average canopy openness of 26%. 2. Comparisons of the control and impact sites before and after the felling showed that overall insect abundance, particularly of psyllids, and species richness increased at the impact sites, whereas evenness decreased markedly. These responses were consistent with the prediction that intermediate disturbance promotes high diversity in tropical systems. 3. Twenty-nine per cent of insect species analysed showed a significant response to felling, with some populations doubling or halving at the impact sites after felling. The abundance of most species increased, although responses varied even between congeners. 4. A canonical correspondence analysis at the impact sites after felling indicated that most species responded to an increase in leaf production by seedlings, not to canopy openness per se. Species declining at the impact sites were more likely to feed indiscriminately on young and mature foliage and probably reacted to changes in microclimate. 5. The study illustrates the difficulty in identifying higher taxa, umbrella or indicator species that adequately integrate the responses of insect herbivores to forest disturbance. Because the integrity of insect communities in the understorey of this forest depends more on minimizing damage to plant resources than on canopy openness, we found some support for the conservation value of reduced impact logging in tropical wet forests. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. Univ Guyana, Dept Nat Sci, Georgetown, Guyana. Tropenbos Guyana Programme, Georgetown, Guyana. Iwokrama Int Ctr Rain Forest Conservat & Dev, Georgetown, Guyana. CABI Biosci, Ascot, Berks, England. RP Basset, Y (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Panama City, Panama. RI Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014 NR 60 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1045 EP 1058 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00660.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484LY UT WOS:000171692900013 ER PT J AU Geum, N Jeung, GH Derevianko, A Cote, R Dalgarno, A AF Geum, N Jeung, GH Derevianko, A Cote, R Dalgarno, A TI Interaction potentials of LiH, NaH, KH, RbH, and CsH SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDRIDE DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; ALKALI-METAL DIMERS; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; ELECTRONIC STATES; ENERGY CURVES; ATOMS; IONS; POLARIZABILITIES; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Quantum-mechanical calculations of the potential energy curves of the singlet and triplet states of LiH, NaH, KH, RbH, and CsH formed by the approach of ground state alkali-metal atoms and hydrogen atoms are presented. Precise values are determined for the coefficients of the van der Waals interaction and estimates are made of the contribution of the exchange interaction at large distances. Together with empirical data, they are used to assess and improve the accuracy of the ab initio potentials. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Dankook Univ, Dept Chem, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. Univ Paris 11, Aime Cotton Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Geum, N (reprint author), Dankook Univ, Dept Chem, Cheonan 330714, South Korea. RI Derevianko, Andrei/G-8356-2011 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 13 BP 5984 EP 5988 DI 10.1063/1.1388044 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 472ZP UT WOS:000171015100031 ER PT J AU Schulze, A AF Schulze, A TI Comparative anatomy of excretory organs in vestimentiferan tube worms (Pogonophora, Obturata) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vestimentifera; obturata; Polychaeta; excretory organs; metanephridia; protonephridia ID ANNELIDS AB In the past, the excretory systems of only few vestimentiferan species have been examined in detail. This study presents comparative data on eight species on the basis of histological serial sections. Ridgeia piscesae was studied by transmission electron microscopy. All species examined possess a central excretory organ consisting of numerous small branching and intertwined excretory tubules. These are connected to voluminous glandular excretory ducts that lead to the exterior by single or paired excretory pores located at the anterior end of the vestimentum. A comparative analysis shows differences among the species with regard to several features, such as the number of excretory pores, presence/absence of excretory grooves and papillae, position of the excretory organ relative to the brain, and the shape of the excretory ducts. Neither podocytes nor coelomoducts could be detected; therefore, there is no indication of the presence of metanephridia. The vestimentiferan excretory system shows some similarities with the design in Athecanephria (Pogonophora, Perviata) and a general resemblance to the design in sabellid polychaetes, even though in the latter metanephridia are clearly present. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Schulze, A (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Schulze, Anja/I-4215-2012 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 250 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1002/jmor.1054 PG 11 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 477CY UT WOS:000171266600001 PM 11599011 ER PT J AU Gunter, AC AF Gunter, AC TI Emblems of identity and prestige: The seals and sealings from Hansanlu, Iran, commentary and catalog SO JOURNAL OF NEAR EASTERN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Freer Gallery Art & Arthur M Sackler Gallery, Washington, DC USA. RP Gunter, AC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Freer Gallery Art & Arthur M Sackler Gallery, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-2968 J9 J NEAR EASTERN STUD JI J. Near East. Stud. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 60 IS 4 BP 283 EP 285 DI 10.1086/468952 PG 3 WC Archaeology; Asian Studies SC Archaeology; Asian Studies GA 484AH UT WOS:000171667700007 ER PT J AU Franklin, LA Badger, MR AF Franklin, LA Badger, MR TI A comparison of photosynthetic electron transport rates in macroalgae measured by pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorometry and mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inorganic carbon; Mehler reaction; photoinhibition; Porphyra columbina; primary productivity; Ulva australis; Zonaria crenata ID ULVA-ROTUNDATA CHLOROPHYTA; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; QUANTUM YIELD; PAM FLUOROMETRY; MARINE MACROALGAE; OXYGEN EVOLUTION; IN-VIVO; FLUORESCENCE; LIGHT; CO2 AB The relationship between whole chain photosynthetic electron transport and PSII activity was investigated in Parphyra columbina (Montagne) (Rhodophyta), Uva australis (Areschoug) (Chlorophyta), and Zonaria crenata (J. Agardh) (Phaeophyta). Mass spectrometric measurements of gross O-2 evolution and gross O-2 uptake were combined with simultaneous measurement of pulse-modulated chl fluorescence under a range of irradiances and inorganic carbon (C-i) concentrations. At light-limiting irradiance, a good correlation between gross O-2 evolution and the electron transport rate (ETR) calculated from chl fluorescence ((F-m' - F-s)/ F-m') was found in the optically thin species (Ulva and Porphyra). The calculated ETR was equivalent to the theoretical electron requirement in these species but overestimated gross O-2 evolution in the thicker species Zonaria. In saturating light, especially when C-i availability was low, ETR overestimated gross O-2 evolution in all species. Excess electron flow could not be accounted for by an increase in gross O-2 uptake; thus neither Mehler-ascorbate-peroxidase reaction nor the photosynthetic carbon oxidation cycle were enhanced at high irradiance or low C-i. Alternative explanations for the loss of correlation include cyclic electron flow around PSII that may be engaged under these conditions or nonphotochemical energy quenching within PSII centers. The loss of correlation between ETR and linear photosynthetic electron flow as irradiance increased from limiting to saturating or at low C-i availability and in the case of optically thick thalli limits the application of this technique for measuring photosynthesis in macroalgae. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol Sci, Mol Plant Physiol Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Franklin, LA (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RI Badger, Murray/C-8153-2009 NR 52 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 37 IS 5 BP 756 EP 767 DI 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.00156.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 485CQ UT WOS:000171736300012 ER PT J AU Wilson, DT AF Wilson, DT TI Patterns of replenishment of coral-reef fishes in the nearshore waters of the San Blas Archipelago, Caribbean Panama SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES; HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; RECRUITMENT PATTERNS; LIGHT-TRAPS; LARVAL; SETTLEMENT; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; LAGOON AB The magnitude and synchrony of spatial and temporal patterns of larval supply to the San Blas Archipelago were measured using three replicate light traps in each of three habitats (exposed, lagoon and back-reef) over IS consecutive lunar months from December 1996 to June 1998. Traps were sampled for 19 consecutive nights centred on the new moon in each month. A total of 125 species from 44 families of I reef fishes were collected, of which the Pomacentridae, Gerridae, Synodontidae, Lutjanidae, Blenniidae, Apogonidae and Labridae were the most abundant in catches. The spatial pattern of replenishment for these families was systematic, with highest abundance recorded in the lagoon and lowest abundance in the back-reef habitat (total abundance lagoon = 18,440, back-reef = 5,243 individuals). The timing and magnitude of catches for the 12 most abundant species were often significantly correlated both among species and habitats during the sampling period. I concluded that replenishment to San Blas occurs by the continuous influx of multi-specific, meso-scale (hundreds of metres) larval patches, and that larvae within these patches appear to actively select suitable settlement habitats immediately prior to nightly settlement. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Dept Marine Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Marine Lab, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Dept Marine & Wildlife Resources, POB 3730, Pago Pago, AS 96799 USA. EM Dave_T_Wilson@hotmail.com NR 55 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 139 IS 4 BP 735 EP 753 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 487DW UT WOS:000171859200015 ER PT J AU Liu, HP Hershler, R Thompson, FG AF Liu, HP Hershler, R Thompson, FG TI Phylogenetic relationships of the Cochliopinae (Rissooidea : Hydrobiidae): An enigmatic group of aquatic gastropods SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-B; GENUS; DNA; SYSTEMATICS; SEQUENCES; MOLLUSCA; SUBUNIT; TRYONIA; GENERA; RATES AB Phylogenetic analysis based on a partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was performed for 26 representatives of the aquatic gastropod subfamily Cochliopinae, 6 additional members of the family Hydrobiidae, and outgroup species of the families Rissoidae and Pomatiopsidae. Maximum-parsimony analysis yielded a single shortest tree which resolved two monophyletic groups: (1) a clade containing all cochliopine taxa with the exception of Antroselates and (2) a clade composed of Antroselates and the hydrobiid genus Amnicola. The clade containing both of these monophyletic groups was depicted as more closely related to members of the family Pomatiopsidae than to other hydrobiid snails which were basally positioned in our topology. New anatomical evidence supports recognition of the cochliopine and Antroselates-Amnicola clades, and structure within the monophyletic group of cochliopines is largely congruent with genitalic characters. However, the close relationship between the Pomatiopsidae and these clades is in conflict with commonly accepted classifications and suggests that a widely accepted scenario for genitalic evolution in these snails is in need of further study. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hershler, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1006/mpev.2001.0988 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 480WN UT WOS:000171486700002 PM 11603933 ER PT J AU Terlevich, AI Caldwell, N Bower, RG AF Terlevich, AI Caldwell, N Bower, RG TI The colour-magnitude relation for galaxies in the Coma cluster SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE catalogues; galaxies : clusters : individual : Coma; galaxies : fundamental parameters ID COMPOSITE STELLAR-SYSTEMS; ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; DISTANT CLUSTERS; STAR-FORMATION; MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION; PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS; PRECISION PHOTOMETRY; JHK OBSERVATIONS AB We present a new photometric catalogue of the Coma galaxy cluster in the Johnson U and V bands. We cover an area of 3360 arcmin(2) of sky, to a depth of V = 20 mag in a 13-arcsec diameter aperture, and produce magnitudes for similar to 1400 extended objects in metric apertures from 8.8- to 26-arcsec diameters. The mean internal rms scatter in the photometry is 0.014 mag in V, and 0.026 mag in U, for V-13 < 17 mag. We place new limits on the levels of scatter in the colour-magnitude relation (CMR) in the Coma cluster, and investigate how the slope and scatter of the CMR depend on galaxy morphology, luminosity and position within the cluster. As expected, the lowest levels of scatter are found in the elliptical galaxies, while the late-type galaxies have the highest numbers of galaxies bluewards of the CMR. We investigate whether the slope of the CMR is an artefact of colour gradients within galaxies, and show that it persists when the colours are measured within a diameter that scales with galaxy size. Looking at the environmental dependence of the CMR, we find a trend of systematically bluer galaxy colours with increasing, projected radius from the centre of the cluster. Surprisingly, this is accompanied by a decreased scatter of the CMR. We investigate whether this gradient could be caused by dust in the cluster potential, however the reddening required would produce too large a scatter in the colours of the central galaxies. The gradient appears to be better reproduced by a gradient in the mean galactic ages with projected radius. C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Smithsonian Inst, FL Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. Univ Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Terlevich, AI (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NR 58 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 326 IS 4 BP 1547 EP 1562 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2001.04702.x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 480DH UT WOS:000171446400034 ER PT J AU Wilkes, BJ AF Wilkes, BJ TI The far-infrared spectral energy distributions of quasars SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Far-Infrared and Submillimeter Special Energy Distributions of Active and Starburst Galaxies CY APR 27-29, 2000 CL UNIV GRONINGEN, KAPTEYN ASTRON INST, GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS HO UNIV GRONINGEN, KAPTEYN ASTRON INST DE active galactic nucleic; spectral energy distributions ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIO-QUIET QUASARS; DUST EMISSION; KEY PROJECT; THICK TORI; X-RAY; GALAXIES; CONTINUUM; STARBURST; ARP-220 AB The origin of the infrared emission in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), whose strength is comparable to the optical/ultraviolet (OUV) emission, is generally thought to be a combination of thermal emission from dust and non-thermal, synchrotron emission. Although data are sparse, particularly in the far-infrared, the broad wavelength range of this emission suggests a wide range of temperatures and a combination of AGN and starburst heating mechanisms. The strength of the non-thermal emission is expected to be related to the radio emission. While this scenario is well established, basic questions, such as the spatial and temperature distribution of the dust, the relative importance of AGN and starburst heating and the significance of the non-thermal contribution remain largely undetermined. The wide wavelength range of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) [Kessler, M.F., 1999. In: Cox, P., Kessler, M. (Eds.), The Universe as Seen by ISO, ESA SP-427, ESA, Paris] combined with its arcmin spatial resolution and increased sensitivity facilitated the observation of a larger subset of the AGN population than previously covered, allowing these questions to be investigated in more detail. This paper will review the spectral energy distributions (SED) of AGN with particular emphasis on the infrared emission and on ISO's contributions to our knowledge. Preliminary results from ISO observations of X-ray selected and high-redshift AGN will be described. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bwilkes@cfa.harvard.edu OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 EI 1872-9630 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 45 IS 9-10 BP 641 EP 648 DI 10.1016/S1387-6473(01)00140-3 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 495KC UT WOS:000172338900008 ER PT J AU Makos, KA AF Makos, KA TI Collections-based health hazards in museums, universities, and cultural institutions SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst Washington, Washington, DC USA. RP Makos, KA (reprint author), Off Safety & Environm Management, 750 9th St,NW Suite 9100, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED-STATE ART JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 16 IS 4 BP 649 EP 658 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 500PG UT WOS:000172635500011 PM 11567924 ER PT J AU Zotz, G Thomas, V Hartung, W AF Zotz, G Thomas, V Hartung, W TI Ecophysiological consequences of differences in plant size: abscisic acid relationships in the epiphytic orchid Dimerandra emarginata SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; leaf gas exchange; vascular epiphyte; plant hormone; plant water relations; size dependence ID ROOTS; CAM; BROMELIACEAE; MAIZE AB Changes in abscisic acid (ABA) content and several water relations parameters were studied in the epiphytic orchid Dimerandra emarginata in the tropical lowlands of Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Similar to previous observations of size dependency of physiological parameters in vascular epiphytes, we found significant differences in ABA accumulation (both in terms of temporal patterns and amount) in small and large plants under drought stress. The highest values of ABA content in leaves, stems, and roots were found in the smaller specimens, reaching the levels of poikilohydric resurrection plants. Substantial accumulation of ABA occurred after stomatal closure, indicating other functions of ABA than stomatal regulation in this bark epiphyte. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Bot 1, D-8700 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Bot 2, D-8700 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Zotz, G (reprint author), Univ Basel, Inst Bot, Schonbeinstr 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2001 VL 129 IS 2 BP 179 EP 185 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 486TY UT WOS:000171834100003 ER PT J AU Basset, Y AF Basset, Y TI Communities of insect herbivores foraging on saplings versus mature trees of Pourouma bicolor (Cecropiaceae) in Panama SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE species richness; rainforest; understorey; upper canopy ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; RAIN-FOREST; ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES; PLANT ARCHITECTURE; SPECIES RICHNESS; COSTA-RICA; CANOPY; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS AB The arthropod fauna of 25 saplings and of three conspecific mature trees of Pourouma bicolor (Cecropiaceae) was surveyed for 12 months in a tropical wet forest in Panama, with particular reference to insect herbivores. A construction crane erected at the study site provided access to tree foliage in the upper canopy. A similar area of foliage (ca. 370 m(2)) was surveyed from both saplings and trees, but samples obtained from the latter included 3 times as much young foliage as from the former. Arthropods, including herbivores and leaf-chewing insects with a proven ability to feed on the foliage of P. bicolor were 1.6, 2.5 and 2.9 times as abundant on the foliage of trees as on that of saplings. The species richness of herbivores and proven chewers were 1.5 (n=145 species) and 3.5 (n=21) times higher on trees than on saplings, respectively. Many herbivore species preferred or were restricted to one or other of the host stages. Host stage and young foliage area in the samples explained 52% of the explained variance in the spatial distribution of herbivore species. Pseudo-replication in the two sampling universes, the saplings and trees studied, most likely decreased the magnitude of differences apparent between host stages in this forest. The higher availability of food resources, such as young foliage, in the canopy than in the understorey, perhaps combined with other factors such as resource quality and enemy-free space, may generate complex gradients of abundance and species richness of insect herbivores in wet closed tropical forests. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Basset, Y (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Panama City, Panama. RI Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014 NR 41 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2001 VL 129 IS 2 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s004420100724 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 486TY UT WOS:000171834100012 ER PT J AU Burnham, RJ AF Burnham, RJ TI Is conservation biology a paleontological pursuit? SO PALAIOS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Burnham, RJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 USA SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 5 BP 423 EP 424 DI 10.2307/3515560 PG 2 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 479EM UT WOS:000171391000001 ER PT J AU Leo, PJ Venturi, V Whittingham, IB Babb, JF AF Leo, PJ Venturi, V Whittingham, IB Babb, JF TI Ultracold collisions of metastable helium atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CLOSE-COUPLED CALCULATION; POLARIZED TRIPLET HELIUM; PHOTON RECOIL ENERGY; MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP; HE ATOMS; COLD; BEAM; IONIZATION; FIELD; S-3) AB We report scattering lengths for the (1)Sigma (+)(g), (3)Sigma (+)(u), and (5)Sigma (+)(g) adiabatic molecular potentials relevant to collisions of two metastable 2 S-3 helium atoms as a function of the uncertainty in these potentials. These scattering lengths are used to calculate experimentally observable scattering lengths, elastic cross sections, and inelastic rates for any combination of states of the colliding atoms. at temperatures where the Wigner threshold approximation is valid. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Leo, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Leo, Paul/B-3470-2011 OI Leo, Paul/0000-0001-8325-4134 NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 042710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.042710 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 482ZU UT WOS:000171609900064 ER PT J AU Stoinski, TS Beck, BB AF Stoinski, TS Beck, BB TI Spontaneous tool use in captive, free-ranging golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) SO PRIMATES LA English DT Article DE Callitrichidae; tool use; social transmission; environmental complexity; extractive foraging ID FUNCTIONAL DESIGN-FEATURES; CEBUS MONKEYS; CAPUCHINS; PARK AB Two types of tool use were observed in eight captive, free-ranging golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia). All eight individuals used twigs and/or radio collar antennae to pry bark from trees and probe crevices, presumably for invertebrates. Three individuals used tools for grooming. In two animals, antennae were used as grooming tools while the third individual used a stick while grooming. The complexity of the free-ranging environment may have played a role in the expression of tool use behavior in these animals, as tool use has never been observed in captive tamarins living in traditional enclosures or wild tamarins. Social transmission may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of tool use - six of the eight tool users resided in two social groups, and the only two individuals that used antennae as grooming tools were a bonded pair. These are the first published observations of tool use by golden lion tamarins or any callitrichid in a non-experimental setting and provide further data supporting the theory of a link between extractive foraging and tool use. C1 Zoo Atlanta, TECHlab, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Stoinski, TS (reprint author), Zoo Atlanta, TECHlab, 800 Cherokee Ave, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 0032-8332 J9 PRIMATES JI Primates PD OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1007/BF02629623 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 511QJ UT WOS:000173276800005 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Schiff, NM AF Smith, DR Schiff, NM TI A new species of Xiphydria Latreille (Hymenoptera : Xiphydriidae) reared from river birch, Betula nigra L., in North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Symphyta; woodborer; woodwasp; hardwood; birch; Illinois AB Xiphydria decem, n. sp., is described and separated from other North American species. It was reared from branches of river birch, Betula nigra, L. (Betulaceae) in Illinois. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 103 IS 4 BP 962 EP 967 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 482MC UT WOS:000171579100018 ER PT J AU Adamski, D Brown, RL AF Adamski, D Brown, RL TI Glyphidocera Walsingham (Lepidoptera : Gelechioidea : Glyphidoceridae) of Cerro de la Neblina and adjacent areas in Amazonas, Venezuela SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Glyphidoceridae; Cerro de la Neblina; tropical rainforest; Venezuela; Amazonas; taxonomy; genitalia AB Sixteen new species of Glyphidocera from Cerro de la Neblina and adjacent areas in Amazonas, Venezuela are described: G. acuminae, G. alexandrae, G. basipunctella, G. brevisella, G. brocha, G. brunnella, G. castanella, G. chungchinntookara, G. dentata, G. digitella, G. garveyi, G. glowackae, G. hamatella, G. janae, G. lunata, and G. mumiella. Figures of the male antennal notch are given for three species, male abdominal sex scales, male and female genitalia, and imagos. A key is provided to facilitate identification of the species. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Adamski, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 103 IS 4 BP 968 EP 998 PG 31 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 482MC UT WOS:000171579100019 ER PT J AU Raymond, JC AF Raymond, JC TI Optical and UV diagnostics of supernova remnant shocks SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HOPKINS-ULTRAVIOLET-TELESCOPE; CYGNUS-LOOP; NONRADIATIVE SHOCK; HIGH-VELOCITY; EMISSION; SN-1006; WAVE; ACCELERATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM AB The relatively faint optical and UV emission from non-radiative shock waves provides diagnostics for processes related to cosmic ray acceleration in collisionless shocks. Emission line profiles and intensities can be used to determine the efficiencies of electron-ion and ion-ion thermal equilibration, which influence the population of fast particles injected into the acceleration process. It is found that T-e/T-p declines with shock speed and that T-i is roughly proportional to mass in fast shocks. Important information about cosmic ray precursors may be available, but the interpretation is still somewhat ambiguous. The compression ratios in shocks which efficiently accelerate cosmic rays are predicted to be substantially larger than the factor of 4 expected for a strong shock in a gamma = 5/3 perfect gas, and some limits may be available from observations. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Raymond, JC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 99 IS 1-4 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1023/A:1013849116273 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 514YP UT WOS:000173468900018 ER PT J AU Drury, LO Ellison, DE Aharonian, FA Berezhko, E Bykov, A Decourchelle, A Diehl, R Meynet, G Parizot, E Raymond, J Reynolds, S Spangler, S AF Drury, LO Ellison, DE Aharonian, FA Berezhko, E Bykov, A Decourchelle, A Diehl, R Meynet, G Parizot, E Raymond, J Reynolds, S Spangler, S TI Test of Galactic Cosmic-Ray source models - Working group report SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NONLINEAR SHOCK ACCELERATION; RAPID PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; YOUNG SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; ISO-SWS SPECTROSCOPY; TEV GAMMA-RAYS; CYGNUS LOOP; X-RAYS; CASSIOPEIA-A; SPALLATIVE NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB The main features of cosmic-ray source models and acceleration processes are reviewed, with special emphasis on the possible observational tests, through both composition analysis and multi-wavelength studies of supernova remnants. Non-linear effects in the context of supernova-induced diffusive shock acceleration are discussed, as well as collective acceleration effects induced by multiple supernova explosions inside superbubbles. C1 Dublin Inst Adv Studies, IRL, Dublin 2, Ireland. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Inst Cosmophys Res & Aeron, Yakutsk 677891, Russia. AF Ioffe Inst Phys & Technol, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Drury, LO (reprint author), Dublin Inst Adv Studies, IRL, Dublin 2, Ireland. RI Bykov, Andrei/E-3131-2014; Drury, Luke/B-1916-2017 OI Drury, Luke/0000-0002-9257-2270 NR 102 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 99 IS 1-4 BP 329 EP 352 DI 10.1023/A:1013825905795 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 514YP UT WOS:000173468900028 ER PT J AU Willmott, KR Hall, JPW Lamas, G AF Willmott, KR Hall, JPW Lamas, G TI Systematics of Hypanartia (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Nymphalinae), with a test for geographical speciation mechanisms in the Andes SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PRONOPHILINE BUTTERFLIES SATYRIDAE; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; PAPILIO-GLAUCUS; DNA-SEQUENCES; RAIN-FOREST; COLOMBIA; PHYLOGENIES; DIVERSIFICATION; MORPHOLOGY; GRADIENTS AB A taxonomic review of the Neotropical nymphaline butterfly genus Hypanartia Hubner is presented, including notes on the taxonomy, biology and distribution of its component species, illustrations of all taxa and the male genitalia of all species, and the description of four new species and two new subspecies: Hypanartia celestia sp.n., H. cinderella sp.n., H. dione disjuncta ssp.n., H. fassli sp.n., H. trimaculata sp.n. and H. trimaculata autumna ssp.n. Hypanartia arcaei (Salvin) is placed as a subspecies of H. dione (Latreille) (stat.n,) and lectotypes are designated for eight nominal taxa. Fourteen species are recognized, with the centre of diversity being in high Andean cloud forest habitats. A cladistic analysis was conducted, based on fifty-three illustrated characters of male genitalic and abdominal morphology, and external facies, to investigate phylogenetic relationships. The resulting phylogenetic hypothesis was used to test four different geographical mechanisms of speciation in the Andes: colonization from temperate latitudes, speciation across elevational gradients, radiation within the Andes and allopatric speciation between the Andes and other montane regions. There is evidence that speciation across an elevational gradient occurred twice, both times into elevations largely unoccupied by the genus, and in both cases followed by subsequent, elevationally sympatric, in situ radiation. Differentiation in allopatry between montane regions has apparently been of recent influence only, causing infraspecific variation in two species. These results parallel several recent studies of Andean bird speciation. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Museo Hist Nat, Lima 14, Peru. RP Willmott, KR (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM krwillmott@hotmail.com OI Lamas, Gerardo/0000-0002-3664-6730 NR 128 TC 38 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 26 IS 4 BP 369 EP 399 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00157.x PG 31 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 486YH UT WOS:000171846600001 ER PT J AU Hall, JPW Harvey, DJ AF Hall, JPW Harvey, DJ TI A phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical riodinid butterfly genera Juditha, Lemonias, Thisbe and Uraneis, with a revision of Juditha (Lepidoptera : Riodinidae : Nymphidiini) SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEPIDOPTERA; ORGANS; LIMITS; ANTS AB A cladistic analysis is presented for all twenty-four species in the Neotropical riodinid butterfly genera Juditha Hemming, Lemonias Hubner, Thisbe Hubner and Uraneis Bates based on sixty-nine characters of male and female morphology and external facies, and utilizing Audre domina Bates as the outgroup. All characters are illustrated. The analysis confirms the monophyly of Juditha and Uraneis, but indicates that Lemonias is polyphyletic and Thisbe is paraphyletic with respect to Uraneis, leading us to synonymize Uraneis with Thisbe (syn.n.). Juditha is found to be the sister clade to true Lemonias +(Thisbe + Uraneis). A revision of Juditha is presented which includes discussions on the taxonomy, biology and distribution of its species, and illustrations of the adults and male and female genitalia of all taxa and the early stages of an exemplar, J. caucana. Eight species are recognized in Juditha, including two, J. naza and J. inambari, which are described as new. The following new generic combinations are made: rubigo Bates is transferred from Juditha to Pachythone Bates; agave Godman & Salvin and leucogonia Stichel are transferred from Lemonias to Pseudonymphidia Callaghan; ochracea Mengel, theodora Godman and albofasciata Godman are transferred from Audre Hemming to Lemonias; fenestrella Lathy is transferred from Thisbe to Synargis Hubner; hyalina Butler, ucubis Hewitson and incubus Hall, Lamas & Willmott are transferred from Uraneis to Thisbe; and odites Cramer (= phylleus Auctt.) is transferred from Synargis to Juditha (comb.n.). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol & Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hall, JPW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol & Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM jpwhall@hotmail.com NR 85 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 26 IS 4 BP 453 EP 490 DI 10.1046/j.0307-6970.2001.00161.x PG 38 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 486YH UT WOS:000171846600004 ER PT J AU Stephens, CE AF Stephens, CE TI Manufacturing time: Global competition in the watch industry, 1795-2000. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Time Collect, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Stephens, CE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Time Collect, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 BP 791 EP 793 DI 10.1353/tech.2001.0190 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 497QJ UT WOS:000172466700024 ER PT J AU Shayt, DH AF Shayt, DH TI One good turn: A natural history of the screwdriver and the screw. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Shayt, DH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 4 BP 807 EP 808 DI 10.1353/tech.2001.0187 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 497QJ UT WOS:000172466700033 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, WF TI Future shock: forecasting a grim fate for the Earth SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID BIODIVERSITY; HOTSPOTS AB In recent years, much attention has focused on the potential environmental effects of global climate change, but other anthropogenic impacts might be even more important. A new study by Tilman et A highlights the threat posed to natural ecosystems worldwide by increasing agricultural development. Over the next 50 years, model projections suggest that rates of habitat destruction, water consumption and emission of agricultural pollutants will increase drastically. Such changes will be greatest in developing nations, which sustain a disproportionately large fraction of the Earth's biological diversity. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama. RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 10 BP 531 EP 533 DI 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02268-6 PG 3 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 475QD UT WOS:000171174800002 ER PT J AU Jackson, JBC Johnson, KG AF Jackson, JBC Johnson, KG TI Paleoecology - Measuring past biodiversity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXTINCTION; PATTERNS; DIVERSITY C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Nat Hist Museum Los Agneles Cty, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. RP Jackson, JBC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 32 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 28 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5539 BP 2401 EP + DI 10.1126/science.1063789 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 476PD UT WOS:000171237200031 PM 11577222 ER PT J AU Zhu, RX Hoffman, KA Potts, R Deng, CL Pan, YX Guo, B Shi, CD Guo, ZT Yuan, BY Hou, YM Huang, WW AF Zhu, RX Hoffman, KA Potts, R Deng, CL Pan, YX Guo, B Shi, CD Guo, ZT Yuan, BY Hou, YM Huang, WW TI Earliest presence of humans in northeast Asia SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; BASIN; CHINA; HOMO AB The timing of the earliest habitation and oldest stone technologies in different regions of the world remains a contentious topic in the study of human evolution(1-4). Here we contribute to this debate with detailed magnetostratigraphic results on two exposed parallel sections of lacustrine sediments at Xiaochangliang in the Nihewan Basin, north China; these results place stringent controls on the age of Palaeolithic stone artifacts that were originally reported over two decades ago(5). Our palaeomagnetic findings indicate that the artifact layer resides in a reverse polarity magnetozone bounded by the Olduvai and Jaramillo subchrons. Coupled with an estimated rate of sedimentation, these findings constrain the layer's age to roughly 1.36 million years ago. This result represents the age of the oldest known stone assemblage comprising recognizable types of Palaeolithic tool in east Asia, and the earliest definite occupation in this region as far north as 40 degrees N. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93410 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. RP Zhu, RX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RI Guo, Zhengtang/B-6854-2008; Deng, Chenglong/B-8881-2009; Pan, Yongxin/B-4302-2008; 中国科学院, 地球深部研究重点实验室/E-2300-2014; Deng, Chenglong/B-8871-2009 OI Guo, Zhengtang/0000-0003-2259-9715; Pan, Yongxin/0000-0002-4227-3061; Deng, Chenglong/0000-0003-1848-3170 NR 28 TC 110 Z9 183 U1 2 U2 26 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 27 PY 2001 VL 413 IS 6854 BP 413 EP 417 DI 10.1038/35096551 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 475UY UT WOS:000171188700052 PM 11574886 ER PT J AU Galtier, J Hueber, FM AF Galtier, J Hueber, FM TI How early ferns became trees SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE early fern; false trunk; Lower Carboniferous; Australia AB A new anatomically preserved fern, discovered from the basalmost Carboniferous of Australia, shows a unique combination of very primitive anatomical characters (solid centrarch cauline protostele) with the elaboration of an original model of the arborescent habit. This plant possessed a false trunk composed of a repetitive branching system of very small stems, which established it as the oldest tree-fern known to date. The potential of this primitive zygopterid fern to produce such an unusual growth form-without real equivalent among living plants-is related to the possession of two kinds of roots that have complementary functional roles: (i) large roots produced by sterns with immediate positive geotropism, strongly adapted to mechanical support and water uptake from the soils and (ii) small roots borne either on large roots or on petiole bases for absorbing humidity inside the false trunk. C1 Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Bot & Bioinformat Architecture Plantes, FRE 2366 CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Galtier, J (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Bot & Bioinformat Architecture Plantes, FRE 2366 CNRS, CC 062,Pl Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. EM galtier@isem.univ-montp2.fr NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 22 PY 2001 VL 268 IS 1479 BP 1955 EP 1957 DI 10.1098/rspb.2001.1785 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 477MV UT WOS:000171288500015 PM 11564354 ER PT J AU O'Brien, K Horne, K Boroson, B Still, M Gomer, R Oke, JB Boyd, P Vrtilek, SD AF O'Brien, K Horne, K Boroson, B Still, M Gomer, R Oke, JB Boyd, P Vrtilek, SD TI Keck II spectroscopy of mHz quasi-periodic oscillations in Hercules X-1 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : close; stars : individual : Hercules X-1 stars : oscillations; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY BINARIES; 35 DAY CYCLE; ACCRETION DISCS; HERCULIS X-1; 4U 1626-67; LOW STATE; DISCOVERY; UHURU; MASS AB We present Keck II spectroscopy of optical mHz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the light curve of the X-ray pulsar binary Hercules X-1. In the power spectrum it appears as 'peaked noise', with a coherency similar to2, a central frequency of 35 mHz and a peak-to-peak amplitude of 5 per cent. However, the dynamic power spectrum shows it to be an intermittent QPO, with a lifetime of similar to 100 s, as expected if the lifetime of the orbiting material is equal to the thermal time-scale of the inner disc. We have decomposed the spectral time series into constant and variable components and used blackbody fits to the resulting spectra to characterize the spectrum of the QPO variability and constrain possible production sites. We find that the spectrum of the QPO is best fitted by a small hot region, possibly the inner regions of the accretion disc, where the ballistic accretion stream impacts on to the disc. The lack of any excess power around the QPO frequency in the X-ray power spectrum, created using simultaneous light curves from RXTE, implies that the QPO is not simply reprocessed X-ray variability. C1 Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rice Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Dominion Astrophys Observ, Victoria, BC V8X 4M6, Canada. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP O'Brien, K (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM kso@astro.uva.nl RI Boyd, Patricia/D-3274-2012 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 21 PY 2001 VL 326 IS 3 BP 1067 EP 1075 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04651.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 477YP UT WOS:000171314400024 ER PT J AU Bermingham, E Dick, C AF Bermingham, E Dick, C TI Ecology and evolution - The Inga - Newcomer of museum antiquity? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Bermingham, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama. RI Dick, Christopher/A-8744-2008 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 21 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5538 BP 2214 EP 2216 DI 10.1126/science.1065310 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 475AL UT WOS:000171139400029 PM 11567126 ER PT J AU Macri, LM Stetson, PB Bothun, GD Freedman, WL Garnavich, PM Jha, S Madore, BF Richmond, MW AF Macri, LM Stetson, PB Bothun, GD Freedman, WL Garnavich, PM Jha, S Madore, BF Richmond, MW TI The discovery of Cepheids and a new distance to NGC 2841 using the Hubble Space Telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cepheids; distance scale; galaxies : individual (NGC 2841) ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GALAXIES; SCALE; PERFORMANCE; CALIBRATION; PHOTOMETRY; VARIABLES; WFPC2 AB We report on the discovery of Cepheids in the spiral galaxy NGC 2841, based on observations made with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on board the Hubble Space Telescope. NGC 2841 was observed over 12 epochs using the F555W filter and over five epochs using the F814W filter. Photometry was performed using the DAOPHOT/ALLFRAME package. We discovered a total of 29 variables, including 18 high-quality Cepheids with periods ranging from 15 to 40 days. Period-luminosity relations in the V and I bands, based on the high-quality Cepheids, yield a reddening-corrected distance modulus of 30.74 +/- 0.23 mag, which corresponds to a distance of 14.1 +/- 1.5 Mpc. Our distance is based on an assumed LMC distance modulus of mu (o) 18.50 +/- 0.10 mag (D = 50 +/- 2.5 kpc) and a metallicity dependence of the Cepheid P-L relation of gamma (VI) -0.2 +/- 0.2 mag dex(-1). C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Dominion Astrophys Observ, Victoria, BC V8X 4M6, Canada. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Macri, LM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Macri, Lucas/0000-0002-1775-4859 NR 26 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 1 BP 243 EP 259 DI 10.1086/322395 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 478WP UT WOS:000171371300023 ER PT J AU McGary, RS Coil, AL Ho, PTP AF McGary, RS Coil, AL Ho, PTP TI NH3 in the central 10 pc of the Galaxy. I. General morphology and kinematic connections between the circumnuclear disk and giant molecular clouds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM ID APERTURE SYNTHESIS OBSERVATIONS; SAGITTARIUS A-ASTERISK; GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; BLACK-HOLE; SGR-A; INTERSTELLAR AMMONIA; PROPER-MOTION; NEUTRAL DISK; GAS; SUBMILLIMETER AB New Very Large Array images Of NH3 (1,1), (2,2), and (3,3) emission in the central 10 pc of the Galaxy trace filamentary streams of gas, several of which appear to feed the circumnuclear disk (CND). The NH3 images have a spatial resolution of 16 "5 x 14 "5 and have better spatial sampling than previous NH3 observations. The images show the "southern streamer," "50 km s(-1) cloud," and new features including a "western streamer," 6 pc in length, and a "northern ridge," which connects to the CND. NH3 (3,3) emission is very similar to 1.2 mm. dust emission, indicating that NH, traces column density well. Ratios of the NH3 (2,2) to (1, 1) line intensities give an estimate of the temperature of the gas and indicate high temperatures close to the nucleus and CND. The new data cover a velocity range of 270 km s(-1), including all velocities observed in the CND, with a resolution of 9.8 km s(-1). Previous NH3 observations with higher resolution did not cover the entire range of velocities seen in the CND. The large-scale kinematics of the CND do not resemble a coherent ring or disk. We see evidence for a high-velocity cloud within a projected distance of 50" (2 pc), which is only seen in NH3 (3,3) and is likely to be hot. Comparison to 6 em continuum emission reveals that much of the NH3 emission traces the outer edges of Sagitarrius A East and was probably pushed outward by this expanding shell. The connection between the northern ridge (which appears to be swept up by Sgr A East) and the CND indicates that Sgr A East and the CND are in close proximity to each other. Kinematic evidence for these connections is presented in this paper, while the full kinematic analysis of the central 10 pc will be presented in our next paper. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McGary, RS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 1 BP 326 EP 341 DI 10.1086/322390 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 478WP UT WOS:000171371300031 ER PT J AU DeDeo, S Psaltis, D Narayan, R AF DeDeo, S Psaltis, D Narayan, R TI General relativistic constraints on emission models of anomalous X-ray pulsars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; relativity; stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID MAGNETIZED NEUTRON-STARS; SOFT GAMMA-REPEATERS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; 1E 2259+586; ACCRETION; MAGNETARS; PROFILES; HISTORY; SPECTRA; FIELD AB Most models of anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) account for the observed X-ray spectra and pulsations by means of radiation processes that occur on the surfaces of neutron stars. For any such model, general relativistic deflection of light severely suppresses the amplitude of the observed pulsations. We calculate the expected pulsation amplitudes of AXPs according to various models and compare the results with observations. We show that the high (less than or similar to 70%) pulse amplitudes observed in some AXPs can be accounted for only if the surface emission is localized (spot radius <40) and strongly beamed (e.g., radially peaked with cos(n) theta' and n greater than or similar to 2, where theta' is the angle to the normal). These constraints are incompatible with those cooling and magnetar models in which the observed X-rays originate as thermal emission from the neutron star surface. Accretion models, on the other hand, are compatible with observations for a wide range of parameters. Finally, definitive conclusions cannot be reached on magnetospheric models, since their localization and beaming properties are not well understood. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP DeDeo, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2001 VL 559 IS 1 BP 346 EP 352 DI 10.1086/322283 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 478WP UT WOS:000171371300033 ER PT J AU Fickel, J Richman, LK Montali, R Schaftenaar, W Goritz, F Hildebrandt, TB Pitra, C AF Fickel, J Richman, LK Montali, R Schaftenaar, W Goritz, F Hildebrandt, TB Pitra, C TI A variant of the endotheliotropic herpesvirus in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in European zoos SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elephant; endotheliotropic elephant herpesvirus variants phylogeny ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTION AB Newly discovered, lethal elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses (EEHV) have been identified in both Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants. Carried by otherwise healthy African elephants they can be fatal mainly for young Asian elephants. Since zoos often harbour both elephant species, we conducted a survey on the presence of EEHV in Asian elephants from 12 European zoos, 3 circuses and I Israeli zoo. Here, we demonstrate that all EEHV that have affected Asian elephants so far belong to the EEHV1 group. We also describe the detection and the partial sequencing of an endotheliotropic herpesvirus variant (named EEHV1b) in Asian elephants, being either an EEHV endogenous to Asian elephants or indicating different sources (African elephants) of infection. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Zoo Biol & Wildlife Res, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. Rotterdam Zoo, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Fickel, J (reprint author), Inst Zoo Biol & Wildlife Res, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD SEP 20 PY 2001 VL 82 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(01)00363-7 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 462VZ UT WOS:000170441600001 PM 11423201 ER PT J AU Nelemans, G Steeghs, D Groot, PJ AF Nelemans, G Steeghs, D Groot, PJ TI Spectroscopic evidence for the binary nature of AM CVn SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; binaries : close; binaries : spectroscopic; stars : individual : AM CVn; novae, cataclysmic variables ID CANUM-VENATICORUM STARS; ACCRETION DISKS; WHITE-DWARFS; HZ 29; SUPERHUMPS; SIMULATIONS; PRECESSION; VARIABLES; PERIOD; NOVA AB We analysed archival spectroscopic data of AM CVn taken with the William Herschel Telescope in 1996. In the literature two orbital periods for AM CVn are proposed. A clear S-wave in the He 14471, 4387 and 4143 Angstrom lines is revealed when the spectra are folded on the 1029-s period. No signature of this S-wave is seen when folded on 1051 s. Doppler tomography of the line profiles shows a clear signature of the hotspot. Using this we can constrain the value of K(2) to lie between 210 and 280 km s(-1). Our work confirms the binary nature of AM CVn beyond any doubt, establishes 1028.73 s as the true orbital period and supports the interpretation of AM CVn as a permanent superhump system. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Southampton, Astron Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Nelemans, G (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM gijsn@astro.uva.nl; ds@astro.soton.ac.uk; pgroot@cfa.harvard.edu RI Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 11 PY 2001 VL 326 IS 2 BP 621 EP 627 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04614.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475UL UT WOS:000171186400020 ER PT J AU McNamara, BR Vikhlinin, A Hornstrup, A Quintana, H Whitman, K Forman, W Jones, C AF McNamara, BR Vikhlinin, A Hornstrup, A Quintana, H Whitman, K Forman, W Jones, C TI A richness study of 14 distant X-ray clusters from the 160 square degree survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE; EMISSION; CATALOG; HALOS AB We have measured the surface density of galaxies toward 14 X-ray-selected cluster candidates at redshifts z greater than or similar to 0.46 and we show that they are associated with rich galaxy concentrations. These clusters, having X-ray luminosities of L-x(0.5-2) similar to (0.5-2.6) x 10(44) ergs s(-1), are among the most distant and luminous in our 160 deg(2) ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter cluster survey. We find that the clusters range between Abell richness classes 0 and 2 and have a most probable richness class of 1. We compare the richness distribution of our distant clusters to those for three samples of nearby clusters with similar X-ray luminosities. We find that the nearby and distant samples have similar richness distributions, which shows that clusters have apparently not evolved substantially in richness since redshift z = 0.5. There is, however, a marginal tendency for the distant clusters to be slightly poorer than nearby clusters, although deeper multicolor data for a large sample would be required to confirm this trend. We compare the distribution of distant X-ray clusters in the plane to the distribution of optically L-X-richness selected clusters from the Palomar Distant Cluster Survey. The optically selected clusters appear overly rich for their X-ray luminosities when compared to X-ray-selected clusters. Apparently, X-ray and optical surveys do not necessarily sample identical mass concentrations at large redshifts. This may indicate the existence of a population of optically rich clusters with anomalously low X-ray emission. More likely, however, it reflects the tendency for optical surveys to select unvirialized mass concentrations, as might be expected when peering along large-scale filaments. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Danish Space Res Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santiago 22, Chile. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP McNamara, BR (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 2 BP 590 EP 597 DI 10.1086/322306 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472TW UT WOS:000171001900013 ER PT J AU Gaudi, BS Loeb, A AF Gaudi, BS Loeb, A TI Resolving the image of gamma-ray burst afterglows with gravitational microlensing SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; gravitational lensing ID EVENT MACHO 98-SMC-1; LIGHT CURVES; COSMOLOGICAL DENSITY; PLANET PHOTOMETRY; BINARY MICROLENS; FIREBALL; OBJECTS; SPECTRA; GIANT; STARS AB Microlensing of a gamma-ray burst afterglow by an intervening star can be used to infer the radial structure of the afterglow image. Near the peak of the microlensing event, the outer edge of the image is more highly magnified than its central region, whereas the situation is reversed at later times because of the rapid radial expansion of the image on the sky. Thus, the microlensed afterglow light curve can be inverted to recover the self-similar radial intensity profile of the afterglow image. We calculate the expected errors in the recovered intensity profile as a function of the number of resolution elements, under the assumption that the afterglow and microlensing event parameters are known. For a pointmass lens and uniform source, we derive a simple scaling relation between these parameters and the resultant errors. We find that the afterglow need not be monitored for its entire duration; rather, observations from the peak magnification time t(peak) of the microlensing event until similar to 7t(peak) are sufficient to resolve the majority of the afterglow image. Thus, microlensing events can be alerted by relatively infrequent observations of afterglows and then monitored intensively, without significant loss of information about the afterglow intensity profile. The relative intensity profile of similar to 1% of all afterglows can be measured with 10 resolution elements to an accuracy of O(1%) in the optical and O(10%) in the infrared, using 4 m class telescopes. Weak microlensing events with large impact parameters are more common; we estimate that for similar to 10% of afterglows the image profile may be inverted to a fractional accuracy through frequent optical observations. We also calculate the effects of external shear due to the less than or similar to 20% host galaxy or a binary companion, as well as contamination by background light from the host galaxy. C1 Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gaudi, BS (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012 NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 2 BP 643 EP 656 DI 10.1086/322289 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472TW UT WOS:000171001900016 ER PT J AU Munoz, JA Kochanek, CS Keeton, CR AF Munoz, JA Kochanek, CS Keeton, CR TI Cusped mass models of gravitational lenses SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies : halos; gravitational lensing ID INFRARED EINSTEIN RING; HUBBLE-CONSTANT; SPHERICAL GALAXIES; APM 08279+5255; SYSTEM B1933+503; QUADRUPLE LENSES; LENSING GALAXY; GLOBAL VALUE; TIME-DELAY; PG-1115+080 AB Recent observations of galaxy luminosity profiles and dark matter simulations find luminosity and mass distributions characterized by central cusps rather than finite core radii. We introduce and implement a set of cusped ellipsoidal lens models that include limits similar to the Jaffe, Hernquist, eta and NFW models and apply them to the gravitational lenses APM 08279+5255 and B1933+503. A successful model of APM 08279+5255 with its central, odd image requires a very shallow cusp, gamma less than or similar to 0.4, where rho proportional to r(-gamma) as r --> 0, which is similar to a core rather than the favored 1 less than or similar to gamma less than or similar to 2 cusps. B1933+503, by contrast, is well modeled with a steep density cusp, 1.6 less than or similar to gamma less than or similar to 2.0. C1 Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Munoz, JA (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Spain. NR 68 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 2 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1086/322314 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472TW UT WOS:000171001900017 ER PT J AU Lobel, A AF Lobel, A TI On the dynamic stability of cool supergiant atmospheres SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instabilities; hydrodynamics; stars : atmospheres; stars : variables : other; supergiants ID HYPERGIANT RHO-CASSIOPEIAE; LUMINOUS BLUE VARIABLES; STELLAR ENVELOPES; THERMODYNAMIC QUANTITIES; YELLOW HYPERGIANTS; EQUATION; STATE; IONIZATION; ENERGY; INSTABILITY AB We have developed a new formalism to compute the thermodynamic coefficient Gamma (1) in the theory of stellar and atmospheric stability. We generalize the classical derivation of the first adiabatic index, which is based on the assumption of thermal ionization and equilibrium between gas and radiation temperature, toward an expression that incorporates photoionization due to radiation with a temperature T-rad different from the local kinetic gas temperature. Our formalism considers the important non-LTE conditions in the extended atmospheres of supergiant stars. An application to the Kurucz grid of cool supergiant atmospheres demonstrates that models with T(rad)similar or equal toT(eff), between 6500 and 7500 K become most unstable against dynamic perturbations, according to Ledoux stability integral < Gamma (1)>. This results from Gamma (1) and < Gamma (1)> acquiring very low values, below 4/3, throughout the entire stellar atmosphere, which causes very high gas compression ratios around these effective temperatures. Based on detailed non-LTE calculations, we discuss atmospheric instability of pulsating massive yellow supergiants, such as the hypergiant rho Cas (Ia(+)), which exist in the extension of the Cepheid instability strip, near the Eddington luminosity limit. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM alobel@cfa.harvard.edu NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 2 BP 780 EP 801 DI 10.1086/322476 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472TW UT WOS:000171001900028 ER PT J AU Lobel, A Dupree, AK AF Lobel, A Dupree, AK TI Spatially resolved STIS spectroscopy of alpha Orionis: evidence for nonradial chromospheric oscillation from detailed modeling SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (alpha Orionis); stars : late-type; stars : oscillations; supergiants ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HYPERGIANT RHO-CASSIOPEIAE; LATE-TYPE STARS; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRUM; STOCHASTIC SHOCKS; BETELGEUSE; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERES; SCATTERING; IAB AB Four spatially resolved near-UV raster scans across the chromospheric disk of a Ori, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, reveal mean chromospheric infall from 1998 January to April, which reversed to upflow in deeper layers between 1998 September and 1999 March. In 1998 September we detect systematic reversals in the component maxima of four double-peaked emission lines of Si I (UV 1), Fe II (UV 36), Fe II (UV 61), and Al II] (UV 1), when scanning across the UV disk. Detailed modeling of the Si I lambda 2516 resonance line with radiative transport calculations in spherical geometry constrain the mean radial velocity structure in the projected slit area (25x100 mas) for different aperture positions, observed off-limb to 157.5 mas. Hence, we determine with semiempirical models that these spatial reversals of emission-line components correspond to average opposite flow velocities of similar to2 km s(-1) across the chromospheric disk. We determine that the chromospheric velocity field cannot be represented by a unique radial velocity structure across the stellar disk in order to match the observed peak ratios of this raster scan. These subsonic velocities indicate (local) nonradial movements of chromospheric fluid in confined regions during a chromospheric oscillation phase, which reverses from global contraction into expansion over this monitoring period of 15 months. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lobel, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 46 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 2 BP 815 EP 829 DI 10.1086/322284 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472TW UT WOS:000171001900030 ER PT J AU Habbal, SR Woo, R Arnaud, J AF Habbal, SR Woo, R Arnaud, J TI On the predominance of the radial component of the magnetic field in the solar corona SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE polarization; solar wind; Sun : corona; Sun : infrared; Sun : magnetic delds ID POLARIZATION; LINES; SUN AB Polarimetric measurements of the corona out to 2 R-circle dot in the Fe XIII 10747 Angstrom line, the strongest of the iron forbidden lines, are placed for the first time in the context of spatially resolved images of coronal density structures. These measurements, which are the only tool currently available to yield the direction of the magnetic field, date to 1980, the only year when they were available with polarized brightness images of the corona. Through this comparison, the observed predominance of the radial component of the coronal magnetic field, discovered over three decades ago from eclipse observations and established systematically by Arnaud, is shown to point to the coexistence of two magnetic field components in the corona: a nonradial field associated with the large-scale structures known as streamers and a more pervasive radial magnetic field. This finding suggests that these two components are the coronal counterparts of the strong- and weak-field components recently observed in the quiet-Sun photospheric field and supported by recent theoretical investigations of the solar dynamo. C1 Univ Wales, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, Astrophys Lab, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Habbal, SR (reprint author), Univ Wales, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 2 BP 852 EP 858 DI 10.1086/322308 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472TW UT WOS:000171001900032 ER PT J AU Groot, PJ Nelemans, G Steeghs, D Marsh, TR AF Groot, PJ Nelemans, G Steeghs, D Marsh, TR TI The quiescent spectrum of the AM Canum Venaticorum star CP Eridani SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; line : profiles; stars : individual (CP Eridani) ID DOUBLE-DEGENERATE POLAR; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; ACCRETION DISK; HZ 29; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOMETRY; CVN; BINARIES; G61-29; COMAE AB We used the 6.5 m Multiple Mirror Telescope to obtain a spectrum of the AM Canum Venaticorum star CP Eridani in quiescence. The spectrum is dominated by He I emission lines, which are clearly double-peaked with a peak-to-peak separation of similar to 1900 km s(-1). The spectrum is similar to that of the longer period AM CVn systems GP Comae Berenices and CE 315, linking the short- and long-period AM CVn systems. In contrast to GP Com and CE 315, the spectrum of CP Eri does not show a central "spike" in the line profiles, but it does show lines of Si ii in emission. The presence of these lines indicates that the material being transferred is of higher metallicity than in GP Com and CE 315, which, combined with the low proper motion of the system, probably excludes a halo origin of the progenitor of CP Eri. We constrain the primary mass to M-1 > 0.27 M-. and the orbital inclination to 33 degrees < i 80 degrees. The presence of the He i lines in emission opens up the possibility for phase- resolved spectroscopic studies, which will allow us to determine the system parameters and to study in detail helium accretion disks under highly varying circumstances. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Southampton, Astron Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Groot, PJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Nelemans, Gijs/D-3177-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016 OI Nelemans, Gijs/0000-0002-0752-2974; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 2 BP L123 EP L127 DI 10.1086/323605 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472UE UT WOS:000171002700012 ER PT J AU Froelich, P Jonsell, S Saenz, A Zygelman, B Dalgarno, A AF Froelich, P Jonsell, S Saenz, A Zygelman, B Dalgarno, A TI Hydrogen-antihydrogen collisions (ABSTRACT) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Quantum Chem, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Froelich, P (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Quantum Chem, Box 518, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Jonsell, Svante/J-2251-2016 OI Jonsell, Svante/0000-0003-4969-1714 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD SEP 10 PY 2001 VL 692 IS 1-2 BP 182C EP 183C PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 474BR UT WOS:000171084900026 ER PT J AU Naisbit, RE Jiggins, CD Mallet, J AF Naisbit, RE Jiggins, CD Mallet, J TI Disruptive sexual selection against hybrids contributes to speciation between Heliconius cydno and Heliconius melpomene SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae; hybridization; mate choice; post-mating isolation; pre-mating isolation ID SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION; BUTTERFLIES; BEHAVIOR; MIMICRY; PASSIFLORA; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; TRAITS AB Understanding the fate of hybrids in wild populations is fundamental to understanding speciation. Here we provide evidence for disruptive sexual selection against hybrids between Heliconius cydno and Heliconius melpomene. The two species are sympatric across most of Central and Andean South America, and coexist despite a low level of hybridization. No-choice mating experiments show strong assortative mating between the species. Hybrids mate readily with one another, but both sexes show a reduction in mating success of over 50% with the parental species. Mating preference is associated with a shift in the adult colour pattern, which is involved in predator defence through Mullerian mimicry, but also strongly affects male courtship probability. The hybrids, which lie outside the curve of protection afforded by mimetic resemblance to the parental species, are also largely outside the curves of parental mating preference. Disruptive sexual selection against F-1 hybrids therefore forms an additional post-mating barrier to gene flow, blurring the distinction between pre-mating and post-mating isolation, and helping to maintain the distinctness of these hybridizing species. C1 UCL, Galton Lab, Dept Biol, London NW1 2HE, England. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Naisbit, RE (reprint author), UCL, Galton Lab, Dept Biol, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, England. EM r.naisbit@ucl.ac.uk RI Jiggins, Chris/B-9960-2008; Naisbit, Russell/B-9658-2011; mallet, james/B-5114-2008; OI Jiggins, Chris/0000-0002-7809-062X; Naisbit, Russell/0000-0003-0190-9323; Mallet, James/0000-0002-3370-0367 NR 43 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 7 PY 2001 VL 268 IS 1478 BP 1849 EP 1854 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 469UN UT WOS:000170834600014 PM 11522205 ER PT J AU Sturtevant, WC AF Sturtevant, WC TI How to not exhibit ethnographic art SO AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Mus Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Sturtevant, WC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Mus Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0002-7294 J9 AM ANTHROPOL JI Am. Anthropol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 103 IS 3 BP 808 EP 809 DI 10.1525/aa.2001.103.3.808 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 546DU UT WOS:000175257300018 ER PT J AU Kaupp, PA AF Kaupp, PA TI The archaeology education handbook: Sharing the past with kids. SO AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kaupp, PA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0002-7294 J9 AM ANTHROPOL JI Am. Anthropol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 103 IS 3 BP 844 EP 844 DI 10.1525/aa.2001.103.3.844 PG 1 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 546DU UT WOS:000175257300038 ER PT J AU Sakai, S AF Sakai, S TI Thrips pollination of androdioecious Castilla elastica (Moraceae) in a seasonal tropical forest SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE androdioecy; inflorescence structure; Moraceae; Panama; pollination; thrips ID YUCCA MOTH LINEAGE; DATISCA-GLOMERATA; WIND-POLLINATION; BREEDING SYSTEM; RAIN-FOREST; SEX-RATIOS; MUTUALISM; EVOLUTION; BIOLOGY; OLEACEAE AB Androdioecy is a rare sexual system in nature, as predicted theoretically. Among the androecious species reported so far, Castilla elastica (Moraceae) is unique in that flowers are unisexual and staminate and pistillate flowers on cosexual plants are produced on different inflorescences. In addition, inflorescence structure of staminate inflorescences on males and staminate and pistillate inflorescences on cosexes is markedly different. Staminate inflorescences on males are bivalvate, while staminate inflorescences on cosexes are "fig-like" and urceolate. Pistillate inflorescences are discoidal. The difference may reflect different roles and requirements of the three inflorescences in pollination and protection from herbivores. This study reports thrips pollination of C. elastica, demonstrated by a pollinator introduction experiment. Thrips pollination of the species may be an example of mutualism originating from plant-herbivore interactions. In the Moraceae, shifts from simple herbivores on flowers to pollinators might have occurred many times, evolving into diverse pollination systems including the fig-fig wasp mutualism. The family, of which little is known about pollination systems, provides interesting and unique opportunities to study evolution of pollination systems and roles of nonpollinating associates of inflorescences. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Sakai, S (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Human & Environm Studies, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. NR 64 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1527 EP 1534 DI 10.2307/3558396 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 473VP UT WOS:000171069600001 PM 21669685 ER PT J AU Wood, B Lieberman, DE AF Wood, B Lieberman, DE TI Craniodental variation in Paranthropus boisei: A developmental and functional perspective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paranthropus boisei; craniodental; taxonomy; coefficient of variation; species ID PLIO-PLEISTOCENE HOMINIDS; INVIVO BONE STRAIN; DENTAL MORPHOLOGY; MACACA-FASCICULARIS; AUSTRALOPITHECUS-BOISEI; GALAGO CRASSICAUDATUS; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; MANDIBULAR MOLARS; BITE FORCE; PRIMATES AB What levels and patterns of craniodental variation among a fossil hypodigm are necessary to reject the null hypothesis that only a single species is sampled? We suggest how developmental and functional criteria can be used to predict where in the skeleton of fossil hominins we should expect more, or less, within-species variation. We present and test three hypotheses about the factors contributing to craniodental variation in extant primate taxa, and then apply these results to the interpretation of the P. boisei hypodigm. Within the comparative samples of extant Homo, Pan, Gorilla, Pongo, and Colobus, variables from the cranial base, neurocranium, and face that are not subject to high magnitudes of strain have consistently lower levels of intraspecific variation than variables from regions of the face subject to high levels of strain. Dental size variables are intermediate in terms of their reliability. P. boisei is found to have a low degree of variability relative to extant primates for variables shown to be generally useful for testing taxonomic hypotheses. Contrary to the claims of Suwa et al. ([1997] Nature 389:489-492), the recently discovered material from Konso falls within the range of variation of the "pre-Konso" hypodigm of P. boisei for available conventional metrical variables. Those aspects of the Konso material that appear to extend the range of the P. boisei hypodigm involve regions of the skull predicted to be prone to high levels of within-species variation. The approach used in this study focuses on craniodental data, but it is applicable to other regions of the skeleton. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Harvard Univ, Peabody Museum, Dept Anthropol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wood, B (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, 2110 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 59 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 116 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1002/ajpa.1097 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 469LJ UT WOS:000170816700002 PM 11536113 ER PT J AU Heaney, PJ Vicenzi, EP Giannuzzi, LA Livi, KJT AF Heaney, PJ Vicenzi, EP Giannuzzi, LA Livi, KJT TI Focused ion beam milling: A method of site-specific sample extraction for microanalysis of Earth and planetary materials SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article AB Argon ion milling is the conventional means by which mineral sections are thinned to electron transparency for transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, but this technique exhibits significant shortcomings. In particular. selective thinning and imaging of submicrometer inclusions during sample milling are highly problematic. We have achieved successful results using the focused ion beam (FIB) lift-out technique, which utilizes a 30 kV Ga+ ion beam to extract electron transparent specimens with nanometer scale precision. Using this procedure, we have prepared a number of Earth materials representing a range of structures and compositions for TEM analysis. We believe that FIB milling will create major new opportunities in the field of Earth and planetary materials microanalysis, particularly with respect to ultraprecious mineral and rock samples. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Heaney, PJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 309 Deike, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 18 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 15 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1094 EP 1099 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 472EB UT WOS:000170969600017 ER PT J AU Hall, JPW Harvey, DJ AF Hall, JPW Harvey, DJ TI Phylogenetic revision of the Charis gynaea group (Lepidoptera : Riodinidae) with comments on historical relationships among neotropical areas of endemism SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Charis; area cladograms; biogeography; cladistics; endemism; Neotropics ID LIMITS; BIRDS AB A revision of the Charis gynaea group of Neotropical riodinid butterflies is presented. We recognize eight species, including five that are described here: C. barnesi, C. callaghani, C, gallardi, C. nicolayi, and C. smalli, The taxa zama and candiope, previously treated as subspecies of Charis gynaea, are both returned to species status (stat. revs.), and the latter is excluded from the gynaea group. The taxon pyritis is synonymized with C. candiope (n. syn.). A cladistic analysis using seventeen characters of male and female genitalia and external facies generated a single most parsimonious cladogram indicating the existence of two clades, one containing smalli + nicolayi and the other containing the remaining species. In the latter gynaea clade. all species except C, hermodora are distributed parapatrically throughout the Neotropics. An area cladogram indicates the historical relationships among endemic centers for this last group to be southeast Brazil + (Guianas + (Central America + Amazon)). This hypothesis is compared with those generated for birds. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hall, JPW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM jpwhall@hotmail.com NR 36 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 94 IS 5 BP 631 EP 647 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0631:PROTCG]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 476CD UT WOS:000171207900001 ER PT J AU Tustin, AW Geller, MJ Kenyon, SJ Diaferio, A AF Tustin, AW Geller, MJ Kenyon, SJ Diaferio, A TI H-band and spectroscopic properties of A1644 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual (A1644); galaxies : luminosity function, mass function ID INFRARED LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; RICH CLUSTERS; FIELD GALAXIES; COMA CLUSTER; MASS; EVOLUTION; REDSHIFT AB We discuss H-band (1.65 mum) near-infrared photometry of the central 9 h(-2) Mpc(2) of Abell 1644 (A1644) to a limiting M-H similar to M*(H)+3 (throughout this paper H-o = 100 h km s(-1) Mpc(-1)). There are 861 galaxies in the photometric survey region. We also measured radial velocities of 155 galaxies; 141 of these are cluster members within 2.44 h(-1) Mpc of the cluster center. The completeness limit of the spectroscopic survey is H similar to 13 (M-H similar to M-H*). The cluster velocity dispersion of sigma similar to 1000 km s(-1) remains constant out to the limiting radius. We find no evidence for substructure in the cluster. The cluster mass within R = 2.4 h(-1) Mpc is 7.6 +/- 1.3 x 10(14) h(-1) M-.. We compute the cluster luminosity function; the Schechter parameters alpha = -1.14 +/- 0.08 and M-H* = -24.3 +/- 0.2 (with h = 0.5) agree well with other H-band luminosity functions. From the virial theorem and the caustic method we compute one of the first mass-to-light ratios at H; the result is M/L-H = 82-127 h M-./L-. within 1.5 h(-1) Mpc. This ratio corresponds to 374-579 h M-./L-. at R. The agreement of our IR measurement with previous M/L determinations indicates that at low redshift dust and young stellar populations may produce only negligible systematic errors in optical mass-to-light ratios. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amedeo Avogadro, Turin, Italy. RP Tustin, AW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1289 EP 1297 DI 10.1086/322121 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472RA UT WOS:000170997700013 ER PT J AU Sakamoto, K Fukuda, H Wada, K Habe, A AF Sakamoto, K Fukuda, H Wada, K Habe, A TI Millimetric observations of the center of M81: A starved nucleus with intraday variability SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (M81, NGC 3031); galaxies : ISM; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : spiral ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; GALAXY M81; EMISSION-LINES; GAS; DISCOVERY; LUMINOSITY; M-81; BAR AB The central kiloparsec of M81 has been observed in the CO J = 1-0 line and the 3 mm continuum at a 100 pc resolution in an attempt to probe molecular gas and to search for the nuclear inner Lindblad resonance (NILR) around the low-luminosity AGN M81*. We found the following : (1) Molecular gas in the central kiloparsec is mainly on a "pseudoring" or a spiral arm at a radius of about 500 pc. (2) The region within similar to 300 pc from the nucleus is mostly devoid of molecular gas except for a diffuse one; in particular, there is neither a giant molecular cloud that is now accreting on the nucleus, nor a conspicuous gas feature that can be identified as an NILR. (3) The 3 mm continuum emission shows significant intraday variation, suggesting an emitting region of similar to 100 AU. (4) The 3 sigma upper limit for CO absorption toward the continuum source is integral (tau CO(0-->1))dV < 0.1 for a line width of 10 km s(-1). The dearth of accreting molecular gas in the vicinity of the nucleus may explain the low luminosity of M81*. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. Nobeyama Radio Observ, Minamisa Ku, Nagano 3841305, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Sakamoto, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Sub Millimeter Array,POB 824, Hilo, HI 96721 USA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1319 EP 1329 DI 10.1086/322111 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472RA UT WOS:000170997700015 ER PT J AU Mochejska, BJ Kaluzny, J Stanek, KZ Sasselov, DD AF Mochejska, BJ Kaluzny, J Stanek, KZ Sasselov, DD TI The DIRECT project: Catalogs of stellar objects in nearby galaxies. II. Eastern arm and NGC 206 in M31 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M31); galaxies : stellar content ID DETACHED ECLIPSING BINARIES; DIRECT DISTANCES; FIELD; VARIABLES; CEPHEIDS; PHOTOMETRY AB DIRECT is a project to directly obtain the distances to two important galaxies in the cosmological distance ladder, M31 and M33, using detached eclipsing binaries and Cepheids. As part of our search for these variables, we have obtained photometry and positions for thousands of stellar objects within the monitored fields, covering an area of 557.8 arcmin(2). Here we present the equatorial coordinates and BVI photometry for 26,712 stars in the M31 galaxy, along the eastern arm and in the vicinity of the star-forming region NGC 206. C1 Ctr Astron Mikolaja Kopernika, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mochejska, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Astron Mikolaja Kopernika, Ulica Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1383 EP 1385 DI 10.1086/322102 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472RA UT WOS:000170997700021 ER PT J AU Bianchi, S Matt, G Haardt, F Maraschi, L Nicastro, F Perola, GC Petrucci, PO Piro, L AF Bianchi, S Matt, G Haardt, F Maraschi, L Nicastro, F Perola, GC Petrucci, PO Piro, L TI BeppoSAX observations of Mrk 841 and Mrk 335 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : Mrk 841, Mrk 335; galaxies : Seyfert; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SOFT-X-RAY; SEYFERT-1 GALAXIES; ROSAT; SPECTRA; ULTRAVIOLET; EMISSION; NLS1S; GINGA; BUMP AB We present and discuss BeppoSAX observations of Mrk 841 and Mrk 335, two Seyfert 1 galaxies in which previous observations have established the presence of soft excesses. We confirm the soft excess in both sources, even if for Mrk 841 a warm absorber provides a fit almost as good as the one with a true excess. As far as the hard X-ray continuum is concerned, a Comptonization model provides a fit as good as a power law and a physically sound solution for Mrk 841. For Mrk 335, the Comptonization model gives a result which is somewhat better on statistical ground, but rather problematic on physical ground. The most interesting results regard the reprocessing components. For Mrk 841 we find a very large reflection continuum but an almost normal iron line equivalent width even if, within the errors, a solution in which both components are a factor similar to2 larger than expected for an accretion disc is still marginally acceptable. If this is the case, an anisotropy of the primary emission seems the best explanation. On the contrary, in Mrk 335 we find a very large iron line EW but a reflection component not accordingly large. In this case, the best solution seems to be in terms of reflection from an ionized disc. C1 Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci, I-22100 Como, Italy. Osserv Astron Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Bianchi, S (reprint author), Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, Via Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy. EM bianchi@fis.uniroma3.it RI Bianchi, Stefano/B-4804-2010; PIRO, LUIGI/E-4954-2013; OI Bianchi, Stefano/0000-0002-4622-4240; PIRO, LUIGI/0000-0003-4159-3984; Nicastro, Fabrizio/0000-0002-6896-1364 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 376 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20010971 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 466LG UT WOS:000170646600013 ER PT J AU Berger, JP Haguenauer, P Kern, P Perraut, K Malbet, F Schanen, I Severi, M Millan-Gabet, R Traub, W AF Berger, JP Haguenauer, P Kern, P Perraut, K Malbet, F Schanen, I Severi, M Millan-Gabet, R Traub, W TI Integrated optics for astronomical interferometry - IV. First measurements of stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE interferometry; integrated optics; instrumentation ID EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; INTERFEROGRAMS AB We present in this paper the astronomical validation of a new approach to interferometric starlight combination. Using integrated optics technologies developed by the telecommunication industry, we have implemented optical circuits on coin-size chips that combine two beams and provide simultaneous photometric calibration signals. We report the first interferometric observations of stars using such beam combiners at the Infrared Optical Telescope Array (IOTA). This result opens the way to a new generation of miniaturized, high performance, and reliable instruments, dedicated to interferometric aperture synthesis. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. CSO Mesure, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Lab Electromagnetisme Microondes & Optoelect, F-38016 Grenoble 1, France. CEA, LETI, Dept Microtechnol, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. RP Berger, JP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jberger@cfa.harvard.edu NR 16 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 376 IS 3 BP L31 EP L34 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011035 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 474CR UT WOS:000171087200002 ER PT J AU Green, PJ Aldcroft, TL Mathur, S Wilkes, BJ Elvis, M AF Green, PJ Aldcroft, TL Mathur, S Wilkes, BJ Elvis, M TI A Chandra survey of broad absorption line quasars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; quasars : emission lines; quasars : general; ultraviolet : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QUASARS; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; STELLAR OBJECTS; COVERING FACTOR; HOST GALAXIES; EMISSION; SAMPLE; POLARIZATION; ENERGY AB We have carried out a survey with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory of a sample of 10 bright broad absorption line (BAL) quasars (QSOs). Eight of 10 sources are detected. The six brightest sources have only high-ionization BALs (hiBALs), while the four faintest all show low-ionization BALs (loBALs). We perform a combined spectral fit for hiBAL QSOs (384 counts total; 0.5-6 keV) to determine the mean spectral parameters of this sample. We derive an underlying best-fit power-law slope Gamma = 1.8 +/- 0.35, which is consistent with the mean slope for radio-quiet QSOs from ASCA, but BAL QSOs require a (rest-frame) absorbing column of 6.5(-3.8) (+4.5) X 10(22) cm(-2), with a partial covering fraction of -80(-17)(+9)%. The optical-to-X-ray spectral slope (alpha (ox) from 2500 Angstrom to 2 keV) varies from 1.7 to 2.4 across the full sample, consistent with previous results that BAL QSOs appear to be weak soft X-ray emitters. Removing the absorption component from our best-fit spectral model yields a range of alpha (ox) from 1.55 to 2.28. All six hiBAL QSOs have deabsorbed X-ray emission consistent with non-BAL QSOs of similar luminosity. The spectral energy distributions of the hiBAL QSOs-both the underlying power-law slope and alpha (ox)-provide the first conclusive evidence that BAL QSOs have appeared to be X-ray weak because of intrinsic absorption and that their underlying emission is consistent with non-BAL QSOs. By contrast, the removal of the best-fit absorption column detected in the hiBAL QSOs still leaves the four loBAL QSOs with values of alpha (ox) > 2 that are unusually X-ray faint for their optical luminosities, which is consistent with other evidence that loBALs have higher column density, dustier absorbers. Important questions of whether BAL QSOs represent a special line of sight toward a QSO nucleus or rather an early evolutionary or high-accretion phase in a QSO lifetime remain to be resolved, and the unique properties of loBAL QSOs will be an integral part of that investigation. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Green, PJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 70 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 1 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1086/322311 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 469CB UT WOS:000170794300010 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DL Kulkarni, SR Murray, SS AF Kaplan, DL Kulkarni, SR Murray, SS TI Search for a near-infrared counterpart to the Cassiopeia A X-ray point source SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : late-type; supernovae : individual (Cassiopeia A) ID PHOTOMETRIC STANDARD STARS; COMPACT CENTRAL OBJECT; NEUTRON-STAR; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; EMISSION; ATMOSPHERES; PERIOD AB We report deep near-infrared and optical observations of the X-ray point source in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant, CXO J232327.9 + 584842. We have identified a J = 21.4 +/- 0.3 mag and a K-s = 20.5 +/- 0.3 mag source within the 1 sigma error circle, but we believe this source is a foreground Population II star with Teff = 2600-2800 K at a distance of approximate to 2 kpc that could not be the X-ray point source. We do not detect any sources in this direction at the distance of Cas A and therefore place 3 a limits of R greater than or similar to 25 mag, F675W greater than or similar to 27.3 mag, J greater than or similar to 22.5 mag, and K-s greater than or similar to 21.2 mag (and roughly H greater than or similar to 20 mag) on emission from the X-ray point source, corresponding to M-R greater than or similar to 8.2 mag, M-F675W greater than or similar to 10.7 mag, M-J greater than or similar to 8.5 mag, M-H greater than or similar to 6.5 mag, and M-Ks greater than or similar to 8.0 mag, assuming a distance of 3.4 kpc and an extinction of A(V) = 5 mag. C1 CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP CALTECH, Dept Astron, 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dlk@astro.caltech.edu; srk@astro.caltech.edu; ssm@head-cfa.harvard.edu NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 1 BP 270 EP 275 DI 10.1086/322459 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 469CB UT WOS:000170794300026 ER PT J AU Uzzo, M Raymond, JC Biesecker, D Marsden, B Wood, C Ko, YK Wu, R AF Uzzo, M Raymond, JC Biesecker, D Marsden, B Wood, C Ko, YK Wu, R TI Results from UVCS and LASCO observation of the sungrazing comet C/2000 C6 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE comets : general; comets : individual (C/2000 C6); solar wind; ultraviolet : solar system ID ULTRAVIOLET CORONAGRAPH SPECTROMETER; SOLAR MINIMUM; DISRUPTION AB During 2000 February 9-10, the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph and Ultraviolet Coronal Spectrometer (UVCS) instruments aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory observed comet C/2000 C6, a member of the Kreutz family of sungrazing comets. A tail nearly 0.5 Ro in length was detected in Ly alpha emission. UVCS was able to observe the comet at four heights as it approached the Sun. A jump in the Ly alpha brightness between 5.71 and 4.56 R. suggests that the nucleus fragmented, exposing more area to solar illumination and increasing the outgassing rate. We interpret the Ly alpha luminosity in terms of the outgassing rate and use this to estimate the diameter of the nucleus. The Ly alpha emission fades as H I is ionized, providing estimates of the density in the coronal streamer encountered by the comet. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Emergent Informat Technol Inc, Vienna, VA 22180 USA. RP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM uzzo@uvcs.nascom.nasa.gov NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 1 BP 403 EP 410 DI 10.1086/322473 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 469CB UT WOS:000170794300037 ER PT J AU Piro, L Garmire, G Garcia, MR Antonelli, LA Costa, E Feroci, M Frail, DA Harrison, F Hurley, K Meszaros, P Waxman, E AF Piro, L Garmire, G Garcia, MR Antonelli, LA Costa, E Feroci, M Frail, DA Harrison, F Hurley, K Meszaros, P Waxman, E TI The X-ray afterglow of GRB 000926 observed by BeppoSAX and Chandra: A mildly collimated fireball in a dense medium? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID 23 JANUARY 1999; BURST; PROGENITORS; GRB-990510 AB We present X-ray observations of the afterglow of GRB 000926, performed around and after the break observed in the optical light curve 2 days after the burst. The steep X-ray light curve observed around the break confirms the presence of this feature in X-rays. However, the spectral and temporal properties are not consistent with a standard jet scenario based on synchrotron emission, requiring a more complicated model. We find that X-ray and optical data are compatible with a moderately collimated fireball (with opening angle theta approximate to 25 degrees) expanding in a dense medium (n approximate to 4 x 10(4) cm(-1)). This produces two breaks in the light curve, The first, at t approximate to 2 days, is due to jet behavior. The second, around 5 days, is attributed to the transition of the fireball to a nonrelativistic expansion. This transition predicts a flattening of the light curve, which explains the late X-ray measurement in excess above the extrapolation of the simple jet scenario, and is also consistent with optical data. C1 CNR, Inst Astrofis Spaziale, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Piro, L (reprint author), CNR, Inst Astrofis Spaziale, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI WAXMAN, ELI/K-1557-2012; PIRO, LUIGI/E-4954-2013; OI PIRO, LUIGI/0000-0003-4159-3984; Costa, Enrico/0000-0003-4925-8523; Feroci, Marco/0000-0002-7617-3421 NR 44 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 1 BP 442 EP 447 DI 10.1086/322467 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 469CB UT WOS:000170794300041 ER PT J AU Muench, AA Alves, J Lada, CJ Lada, EA AF Muench, AA Alves, J Lada, CJ Lada, EA TI Evidence for circumstellar disks around young brown dwarfs in the Trapezium Cluster SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; open clusters and associations : individual (Trapezium); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID LOW-MASS STARS; ORION-NEBULA-CLUSTER; POPULATION; DIAGRAMS; OBJECTS; PLANETS; CLOUDS AB We report the results of deep infrared observations of brown dwarf candidates in the Trapezium Cluster in Orion. Analysis of the JHK color-color diagram indicates that a large fraction (similar to 65% +/- 15%) of the observed sources exhibit infrared-excess emission. This suggests the extreme youth of these objects and, in turn, provides strong independent confirmation of the existence of a large population of substellar objects in the cluster. Moreover, this suggests that the majority of these substellar objects are presently surrounded by circumstellar disks similar to the situation for the stellar population of the cluster. This evidence for a high initial disk frequency (> 50%) around cluster members of all masses, combined with the smooth continuity of the cluster's initial mass function across the hydrogen-burning limit, suggests that a single physical mechanism is likely responsible for producing the entire cluster mass spectrum down to near the deuterium-burning limit. The results may also indicate that even substellar objects are capable of forming with systems of planetary companions. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Bryant Space Sci Ctr 211, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Muench, AA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Bryant Space Sci Ctr 211, POB 112055, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Muench, August/0000-0003-0666-6367; Alves, Joao/0000-0002-4355-0921 NR 27 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 558 IS 1 BP L51 EP L54 DI 10.1086/323420 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 469CC UT WOS:000170794500013 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Stark, AA Kim, HG Moon, DS AF Lee, Y Stark, AA Kim, HG Moon, DS TI The Bell Laboratories (13)CO survey: Longitude-velocity maps SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : structure; ISM : clouds; ISM : molecules; surveys ID CENTER MOLECULAR CLOUDS; 1ST GALACTIC QUADRANT; SOUTHERN MILKY-WAY; PLANE-CO SURVEY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; OUTER GALAXY; GAS; KINEMATICS AB A survey is presented of the Galactic plane in the J = 1-0 transition of (13)CO. About 73,000 spectra were obtained with the 7 m telescope at Bell Laboratories over a 10 yr period. The coverage of the survey is (l, b) = (- 5 degrees to 117 degrees, - 1 degrees to 1 degrees), or 244 deg(2), with a grid spacing of 3 ' for /b/ < 0.5 and a grid spacing of 6 ' for /b/ > 0.degrees5. The data presented here have been resampled onto a 3 ' grid. For 0.68 km s(-1) channels, the rms noise level of the survey is 0.1 K on the T(R)* scale. The raw data have been transformed into FITS format, and all the reduction processes, such as correcting for emission in the reference positions, baseline removal, and interpolation, were conducted within IRAF using the FCRAO task package and additional programs. The reduced data are presented here in the form of longitude-velocity color maps at each latitude. These data allow identification and classification of molecular clouds with masses in excess of similar to 10(3) M(circle dot) throughout the first quadrant of the Galaxy. Spiral structure is manifested by the locations of the largest and brightest molecular clouds. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Korea Astron Observ, Taeduk Radio Astron Observ, Yuseong Gu, Taejon 305348, South Korea. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 78, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ylee@cfa.harvard.edu NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 136 IS 1 BP 137 EP 187 DI 10.1086/321790 PG 51 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 467LQ UT WOS:000170705000007 ER PT J AU Srygley, RB AF Srygley, RB TI Sexual differences in tailwind drift compensation in Phoebis sennae butterflies (Lepidoptera : Pieridae) migrating over seas SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; cloudless sulfur butterfly; drift compensation; flight; migration; orientation; Phoebis sennae; tropical butterflies; sexual dimorphism ID PENINSULAR FLORIDA; FLIGHT; SELECTION; SODIUM; MOTHS; BIRDS; SIZE AB One prediction derived from optimal migration theory is that migrating animals that maximize their flight distance on a given amount of energy will decrease their airspeed in a tailwind and increase it in a headwind. To test this in a migrating butterfly, I followed male and female cloudless sulfur butterflies Phoebis sennae (Pieridae) migrating from Colombia toward Panama over the Caribbean Sea. P. sennae headed westerly over the Caribbean Sea in the morning and then turned southeasterly to head downwind in the afternoon. Changes in heading and track directions of P. sennae were not related to changes in the position of the solar azimuth. As predicted from optimal migration theory, flight velocities of females decreased in a tailwind to minimize energy consumption. However, males did not show any compensation for tail-winds. Females are minimizing energy consumption, whereas males may be minimizing the time to reach the destination site in order to maximize matings with newly arrived or newly emerged females. Orientation of females changed before that of males, presumably because their greater reproductive load imposed greater flight costs and limited flight fuels. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Srygley, RB (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 12 IS 5 BP 607 EP 611 DI 10.1093/beheco/12.5.607 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 467LE UT WOS:000170702700013 ER PT J AU Siemers, BM Kalko, EKV Schnitzler, HU AF Siemers, BM Kalko, EKV Schnitzler, HU TI Echolocation behavior and signal plasticity in the Neotropical bat Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821) (Vespertilionidae): a convergent case with European species of Pipistrellus? SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE echolocation; sensory ecology; convergence; tropical Myotis; scanning movements ID FORAGING BEHAVIOR; INSECTIVOROUS BATS; FLIGHT PERFORMANCE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; HABITAT USE; ADVERSUS CHIROPTERA; HUNTING BEHAVIOR; PREY DETECTION; EARED BAT; IDENTIFICATION AB We used both field and flight cage observations to investigate the echolocation and foraging behavior of the seldom studied, small, aerial insectivorous bat Myotis nigricans (Vespertilionidae) in Panama. In contrast to its temperate congeners, M. nigricans foraged extensively in open space and showed an echolocation behavior well adapted to this foraging habitat. It broadcast narrowband echolocation signals of 7 ms duration that enhance the chance of prey detection in open space. Because of rhythmical alternations of signal amplitude from signal to signal in our sound recordings of search signals in open space, we conclude that the bats scanned their environment with head movements, thereby enlarging their search volume. In edge-and-gap situations, and in the flight cage, M. nigricans introduced an initial broadband component to its search calls. In the field and in the flight cage, M. nigricans hawked for prey in aerial catches; gleaning was never observed. M. nigricans demonstrates call structures, such as narrow bandwidth and rather long signals adapted to foraging predominantly in open space. Moreover, call structure is highly plastic, allowing M. nigricans to forage in edge-and-gap situations also. These adaptations in call structure and plasticity have evolved convergently at least twice within the genus Myotis. Finally, M. nigricans echolocation and foraging behavior parallels that of the small, aerial, insectivorous pipistrelle bats (Vespertilionidae), which are not closely related to M. nigricans but forage in similar habitats. C1 Univ Tubingen, Dept Anim Physiol, Inst Zool, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Ulm, Dept Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Siemers, BM (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Dept Anim Physiol, Inst Zool, Morgenstelle 28, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. NR 53 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 50 IS 4 BP 317 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s002650100379 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 476UC UT WOS:000171246300004 ER PT J AU Kaspari, M Pickering, J Longino, JT Windsor, D AF Kaspari, M Pickering, J Longino, JT Windsor, D TI The phenology of a Neotropical ant assemblage: evidence for continuous and overlapping reproduction SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ants; formicidae; phenology; reproduction; synchrony; tropics ID FLOWERING PHENOLOGIES; TROPICAL FOREST; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; PATTERNS; CONSTRAINTS; REGULARITY; INSECTS; PLANTS AB Reproductive phenologies reflect the interaction between the mating system of a taxon and the local environment. Ant colonies reproduce and disperse via the flights of winged alates. Few data exist on the reproductive phenologies of ant assemblages. Here we analyze the reproductive phenologies of 81 common ant species from 23,182 individuals collected over 3 years on Barro Colorado Island, Panama (BCI). Species ranged from highly synchronous to continuous fliers, but showed a median flight duration of at least 8 of 13 lunar months. In two statistical analyses (variance ratio test and Spearman rank correlations), 84% (16 of 19) of ant genera had species trending toward positively associated phenologies, more than expected by chance (P <0.00036 by a binomial test). Thus, there was little evidence for the hypothesis that competition for limiting resources staggers congeneric flights and ultimately promotes reproductive isolation. On the contrary, the timing of reproduction, and its synchrony, tended to be conserved within genera and subfamilies. These results closely match phenological studies of plant assemblages. The continuous reproduction and small colony size of many species in this study suggest that the female calling syndrome, a poorly documented mating system in ants, may be common on BCl. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Zool, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Evergreen State Coll, Lab 1, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Kaspari, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. OI Kaspari, Michael/0000-0002-9717-5768 NR 47 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 50 IS 4 BP 382 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s002650100378 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 476UC UT WOS:000171246300013 ER PT J AU Christy, JH Backwell, PRY Goshima, S AF Christy, JH Backwell, PRY Goshima, S TI The design and production of a sexual signal: Hoods and hood building by male fiddler crabs Uca musica SO BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; GENUS UCA; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLES; LACTEA ANNULIPES; LARVAL RELEASE; CICHLID FISH; MATE CHOICE; OCYPODIDAE; HYPOTHESIS; COURTSHIP AB Courting male fiddler crabs Uca musica sometimes build hoods at the entrances of their burrows to which females come for mating. Females differentially orient to burrows with hoods and thereby show a mate preference for hood builders. Here we describe how this mode of sexual selection may affect hood design and building. Larger males built generally larger but not higher hoods. Small males may build relatively high hoods so that they will be conspicuous to females of all sizes and construction or other costs may limit hood height. Most males built only one hood each biweekly reproductive cycle, typically on a day that many females chose mates, and they finished construction before females began mate searching. Both patterns fit predictions based on applying ideal free theory to the timing of sexual signaling. Sexual selection may favor more frequent hood building but the timing of hood building appears to be optimal. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries, Dept Marine Biol Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. RP Christy, JH (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RI Backwell, Patricia/C-8883-2009 NR 40 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-7959 J9 BEHAVIOUR JI Behaviour PD SEP PY 2001 VL 138 BP 1065 EP 1083 DI 10.1163/156853901753287145 PN 9 PG 19 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 510KW UT WOS:000173208100001 ER PT J AU Yavitt, JB Wright, SJ AF Yavitt, JB Wright, SJ TI Drought and irrigation effects on fine root dynamics in a tropical moist forest, Panama SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE fine root demography; forest irrigation; Panama; root growth; soil aggregates; soil fertility; tropical moist forest ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; SEASONAL DROUGHT; SOIL PROPERTIES; DRY FOREST; GROWTH; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; WATER AB Seasonal drought in tropical moist forest may be the cue for fine root death and turnover, and it may signal root growth deeper to access subsurface water and (or) nutrients. We examined these predictions by measuring fine root biomass (<2 mm diam.) and the timing of root growth and disappearance in an old growth tropical moist forest on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Republic of Panama, in the fifth year of a dry season irrigation experiment. Irrigated soil had greater available P concentrations; however, a more pronounced effect was less stable soil aggregates causing higher bulk density. Irrigation did not affect fine root biomass. Mean (+/- SE) biomass between 0 and 30 cm was 372 +/- 63 g/m(2) within control versus 286 +/- 39 g/m(2) within irrigated plots. Mean biomass between 45 and 75 cm was 74 +/- 7 g/m(2) within control versus 62 +/- 7 g/m(2) within irrigated plots. Dead roots were less than eight percent of the total. We characterized root growth using in-growth screens (1.7 mm mesh) installed between 0 and 15 cm. Root density in the screens peaked soon after the rains began in the control plots but during the dry season in the irrigated plots. Very few dead roots accumulated in the screens, with no differences seasonally or among treatments. We developed a model to estimate birth and death rates of fine roots using root densities in the in-growth screens and the disappearance of roots laced into screens and incubated in situ. Inferred root birth rates were greatest in the early part of the wet season in control plots and in the dry season in irrigated plots. Inferred mortality rates of fine roots less than four months old were reduced by irrigation, but this was offset by much greater disappearance of six- to eight-month-old roots in the irrigated plots. Although irrigation altered the timing of root growth and mortality, roots did not grow year-round in the always-wet soil. Therefore, soil water availability was an important cue for root growth, but an inherent seasonal cycle remained. Fine roots died continuously throughout the year and disappeared quickly. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Yavitt, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 63 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 19 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD SEP PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 421 EP 434 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2001.tb00196.x PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484VG UT WOS:000171709800005 ER PT J AU Knowlton, N AF Knowlton, N TI Who are the players on coral reefs and does it matter? The importance of coral taxonomy for coral reef management SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment Monitoring and Restoration CY APR 14-16, 1999 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA ID MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS COMPLEX; CENTRAL-AMERICA; SCLERACTINIA; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; CNIDARIA; ANTHOZOA; PANAMA C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div 0202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Knowlton, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div 0202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 69 IS 2 BP 305 EP 308 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 500CU UT WOS:000172609000003 ER PT J AU Diaz, MC Rutzler, K AF Diaz, MC Rutzler, K TI Sponges: An essential component of Caribbean coral reefs SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment Monitoring and Restoration CY APR 14-16, 1999 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA ID COMMUNITIES AB Sponges are an important structural and functional component of Caribbean coral reefs. We support this statement with our data on sponge diversity, abundance, productivity, and participation in nutrient cycling from Carrie Bow Cay on the Barrier Reef of Belize and from comparative studies in other Caribbean locations. Sponges have at least six biological and ecological properties that make them an influential part of Caribbean coral-reef ecosystems: high diversity, higher than all coral groups combined; high abundance (area coverage) and biomass (weight, volume) that may exceed values for all other reef epibenthos in some areas and reef zones capacity to mediate non-animal processes such as primary production and nitrification through complex symbioses; chemical and physical adaptation for successful space competition; capability to impact the carbonate framework through calcification, cementation, and bioerosion; and potential to alter the water column and its processes through high water filtering capabilities and exhalation of secondary metabolites, We conclude that thorough and informed study of sponges is indispensable when characterizing, assessing, or monitoring a coral reef. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. Smithsonian Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Diaz, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. NR 60 TC 160 Z9 172 U1 4 U2 50 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 69 IS 2 BP 535 EP 546 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 500CU UT WOS:000172609000025 ER PT J AU Alcolado, PM Alleng, G Bonair, K Bone, D Buchan, K Bush, PG De Meyer, K Garcia, JR Garzon-Ferreira, J Gayle, PMH Gerace, DT Geraldes, FX Jordan-Dahlgren, E Kjferve, B Klein, E Koltes, K Laydoo, RS Linton, DM Ogden, JC Oxenford, HA Parker, C Penchaszadeh, P Pors, LPPJ Ramirez-Ramirez, J Ruiz-Renteria, F Ryan, JD Smith, SR Tschirky, J Varela, R Walker, S Weil, E Wiebe, WJ Woodley, JD Zieman, JC AF Alcolado, PM Alleng, G Bonair, K Bone, D Buchan, K Bush, PG De Meyer, K Garcia, JR Garzon-Ferreira, J Gayle, PMH Gerace, DT Geraldes, FX Jordan-Dahlgren, E Kjferve, B Klein, E Koltes, K Laydoo, RS Linton, DM Ogden, JC Oxenford, HA Parker, C Penchaszadeh, P Pors, LPPJ Ramirez-Ramirez, J Ruiz-Renteria, F Ryan, JD Smith, SR Tschirky, J Varela, R Walker, S Weil, E Wiebe, WJ Woodley, JD Zieman, JC CA CARICOMP TI The Caribbean coastal marine productivity program (CARICOMP) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment Monitoring and Restoration CY APR 14-16, 1999 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA ID SEA AB CARICOMP is a regional scientific program to study land-sea interaction processes in the Caribbean coastal zone. It has been collecting data since 1992, when a Data Management Centre was established at the University of the West Indies in Jamaica. Initially it focuses on documenting the structure and productivity of major coastal communities (mangrove forests, seagrass meadows and coral reefs) at relatively undisturbed sites in diverse physical settings. Second, by regular recording of physical and biological parameters, it monitors for change, seeking to distinguish natural from anthropogenic disturbance. Third it constitutes a regional network of observers, able to collaborate on studies of region-wide events. Examples are presented of the diverse data sets collected by the Program. C1 Univ W Indies, Ctr Marine Sci, Caribbean Coastal Data Ctr, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Inst Marine Affairs, Carenage, Trinid & Tobago. Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Biol Organismos, Caracas 1080, Venezuela. Univ Simon Bolivar, INTECMAR, Caracas 1080, Venezuela. Saba Marine Pk, The Bottom, Saba, Neth Antilles. Dept Environm, Protect & Conservat Unit, Grand Cayman, W Ind Assoc St. Bonaire Marine Pk, Bonaire, Neth Antilles. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Isla Magueyes Labs, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. INVEMAR, Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras, Santa Marta, Colombia. Discovery Bay Marine Lab, Discovery Bay, St Ann, Jamaica. Univ Autonoma Santo Domingo, CIBIMA, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Bahamian Field Stn, San Salvador, Bahamas. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Estac Puerto Morelos, Cancun 77500, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Estudios Ambientales, Caracas 1080, Venezuela. Smithsonian Inst, Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosyst Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Dept Interior, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ W Indies, Ctr Marine Sci, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. McGill Univ, Bellairs Res Inst, Holetown, St James, Barbados. Univ W Indies, Marine Resource & Environm Management Programme, Cave Hill, Barbados. Stinapa Fdn, Curacao, Neth Antilles. Carmabi Fdn, Curacao, Neth Antilles. Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, IPN Unidad Merida, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. Ctr Invest & Documentac Costa Atlantica, Bluefields, Nicaragua. Corn Isl Environm Educ Fdn, Off Mayor, Corn Isl, Nicaragua. Bermuda Biol Stn Res Inc, Ferry Reach GE01, St George, Bermuda. Nature Conservancy, Latin Amer & Caribbean Div, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Fdn La Salle Ciencias Nat, EDIMAR, Estac Invest Marinas Margarita, Porlamar 6301A, Isla De Margari, Venezuela. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Minist Ciencia Tecnol & Medio Ambiente, Inst Oceanol, Playa 12100, Ciudad De La Ha, Cuba. RP Linton, DM (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Ctr Marine Sci, Caribbean Coastal Data Ctr, Kingston 7, Jamaica. OI Klein, Eduardo/0000-0003-2935-7065 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 69 IS 2 BP 819 EP 829 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 500CU UT WOS:000172609000044 ER PT J AU Roubik, DW Skelley, PE AF Roubik, DW Skelley, PE TI Stenotarsus subtilis Arrow, the aggregating fungus beetle of Barro Colorado Island Nature Monument, Panama (Coleoptera : Endomychidae) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL BEETLE; ROTUNDUS; DIAPAUSE; ELECTROPHORESIS AB Stenotarsus subtilis Arrow (not S. rotundus Arrow) is the aggregating endomychid beetle from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, subject of many studies on a diapausing aggregation. Allozyme analysis results (Nei genetic distance = 0.005) supported conclusions from morphological study, revealing the true identity of two diapause groups now known within the Barro Colorado Island Nature Monument. They have an the estimated aggregation density of 2.2 per km(2), with up to 200,000 individuals in each aggregation. Females predominate in these groups, but sex ratios varied from 1:1 to 1:4. One group has persisted at least 20 years. Bark was depleted of Mg and K on both Oenocarpus C. F. P. Martius (Palmae) and Tetragastris J. Gaertner (Burseraceae) diapause sites, but did not differ visibly from surrounding bark. Fungi showed no consistent relationship with beetles or sites. Bark and wood substrates of an aggregation did not attract beetles when displaced to other forest areas. We suggest beetles may live more than one year and return to diapause sites after completing the still undocumented mating and reproductive facets of their life cycle. Stenotarsus rotundus is synonymized under S. ovalis Arrow, new synonymy, and a key is given to known species of Stenotarsus occurring in Panama. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Roubik, DW (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA PO BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 55 IS 3 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2001)055[0249:SSATAF]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 475PJ UT WOS:000171172900001 ER PT J AU Macintyre, IG Glynn, PW Steneck, RS AF Macintyre, IG Glynn, PW Steneck, RS TI A classic Caribbean algal ridge, Holandes Cays, Panama: an algal coated storm deposit SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE algal ridge; storm deposits; submarine lithification; crustose coralline algae ID REEFS; MORPHOLOGY AB Twenty-seven radiocarbon dates of cores recovered from six drill holes indicate that the relief of the ridge on the seaward edge of the Holandes Cays, San Blas, off the Caribbean coast of Panama, was formed by storm deposits about 2,000 to 2,800 years ago. Although crustose coralline algae are a dominant component of the surface cover on this outer ridge, they played a minor role in the construction of the framework of this bioherm, which therefore cannot be classified as an algal ridge. The framework of the ridge consists dominantly of Agaricia/Millepora rubble that is extensively lithified by micritic submarine Mg-calcite cement. The present-day surface of this area in the Holandes Cays is primarily one of widespread bioerosion with very little indication of substrate accumulation over the past 2,000 years. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 125, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. RP Macintyre, IG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 125, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s003380000135 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 477BK UT WOS:000171263100001 ER PT J AU Seitz, RD Lipcius, RN Hines, AH Eggleston, DB AF Seitz, RD Lipcius, RN Hines, AH Eggleston, DB TI Density-dependent predation, habitat variation, and the persistence of marine bivalve prey SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE armor vs. avoidance; bivalves; blue crab; Callinectes sapidus; density dependence; sigmoid functional response; habitat type; Macoma balthica; Mya arenaria; predation; predator avoidance; low-density refuge from predation ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN; VARIABLE FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES; OPTIMAL FORAGING THEORY; BLUE CRABS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MUTUAL INTERFERENCE; INTERTIDAL MUDFLATS AB The persistence of prey encountering intense predation varies by species, prey density, and habitat type; however, the collective impact of these factors has rarely been tested experimentally in natural marine systems. Using the thin-shelled clams Mya arenaria and Macoma balthica as prey, and the main epibenthic predator of whole adult clams, the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, we conducted a series of experiments in Chesapeake Bay tributaries that (1) links field abundance and distribution of bivalve prey species with habitat-specific mortality patterns; (2) represents the first comprehensive field test of species-specific, habitat-specific, and density-dependent mortality for subtidal, soft-bottom, deep-burrowing prey; and (3) thereby enables development of a conceptual model to be used as a heuristic tool linking predator-prey dynamics, habitat type, and evolutionary defense tactics for marine benthos. In 15 years of field monitoring, Mya was more common in sand than mud habitats, and Macoma was widely distributed and at higher densities than Mya in mud and sand. In field experiments, mortality of both Mya and Macoma was density dependent in those habitats where the clams are common. The blue crab population in the field exhibited a type III "guild functional response" on Mya in sand, and on Macoma in both mud and sand. Mortality was lower in sand than mud for Mya, and similar in mud and sand for Macoma, correlating with the high abundances of Mya in sand and Macoma in sand and mud. The persistence of large juvenile and adult bivalves when confronted with intense predation derived substantially from a low-density refuge from predation that varied in a species-specific manner with habitat type, demonstrating the species-specific importance of density and habitat to clam survival. We developed a conceptual model detailing the relative importance of behavior, morphology, habitat features, and the basic components of predator-prey interactions to the survival of bivalve molluscs. At one extreme are bivalve molluscs, such as oysters, that emphasize morphological refuges that increase the predator's handling time. At the other extreme are bivalves, such as Mya and Macoma, that reduce predator encounter rates. The model is intended to be used as a heuristic tool to develop testable hypotheses. C1 Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Seitz, RD (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RI Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833; Seitz, Rochelle/0000-0001-8044-7424 NR 116 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 53 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2001 VL 82 IS 9 BP 2435 EP 2451 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2435:DDPHVA]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 473MX UT WOS:000171049100006 ER PT J AU Bot, ANM Currie, CR Hart, AG Boomsma, J AF Bot, ANM Currie, CR Hart, AG Boomsma, J TI Waste management in leaf-cutting ants SO ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE hygiene; leaf-cutting ants; pathogens; decomposition; Escovopsis ID FUNGUS-GROWING ANTS; METAPLEURAL GLANDS; FORMICIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; SECRETIONS; COLONIES; BIOLOGY AB Hygienic behaviour is an important aspect of social organisation because living in aggregations facilitates the spread of disease. Leaf-cutting ants face the additional problem of an obligatory dependency on a fungus, which itself is also susceptible to parasites. In this study we provide evidence for the importance of effective waste management in colonies of several Panamanian species of Atta and Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants, differing in colony size and typical mode of waste accumulation (external or internal dumps). We show that: (1) waste is dangerous for the ants, which die at a higher rate in the presence of waste; (2) waste is dangerous for the mutualistic fungus because waste in field colonies is infected with the specialised fungal parasite Escovopsis; (3) the ants allocate considerable effort to active management of waste in order to reduce these dangers. This management follows a "conveyer belt" model according to which increasingly dangerous tasks are performed by older workers, who are less valuable to their colony. Our approach is kaleidoscopic, as different species of leafcutting ants are unequally suitable for direct observation and experimental manipulation, and suggests that more in depth studies of waste management in attine ants would be highly rewarding. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Inst Zool, Dept Populat Ecol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Aarhus, Inst Biol Sci, Dept Ecol & Genet, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Boomsma, J (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Inst Zool, Dept Populat Ecol, Univ Pk 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. NR 29 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 26 PU UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE PI FLORENCE PA C/O PROF F DESSI-FULGHERI, VIA ROMANA 17, 50125 FLORENCE, ITALY SN 0394-9370 J9 ETHOL ECOL EVOL JI Ethol. Ecol. Evol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 225 EP 237 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 468UM UT WOS:000170776600002 ER PT J AU Fleischer, RC Perry, EA Muralidharan, K Stevens, EE Wemmer, CM AF Fleischer, RC Perry, EA Muralidharan, K Stevens, EE Wemmer, CM TI Phylogeography of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) based on mitochondrial DNA SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Asian elephant; Elephas maximus; evolutionarily significant units; Loxodonta africana; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeography; rate calibration ID CYTOCHROME-B GENE; 12S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCES; CONSERVATION; DIVERGENCE; EVOLUTION; DIFFERENTIATION; POLYMORPHISM; PHYLOGENIES AB Populations of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) have been reduced in size and become highly fragmented during the past 3000 to 4000 years. Historical records reveal elephant dispersal by humans via trade and war. How have these anthropogenic impacts affected genetic variation and structure of Asian elephant populations? We sequenced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to assay genetic variation and phylogeography across much of the Asian elephant's range. Initially we compare cytochrome b sequences (cyt b) between nine Asian and five African elephants and use the fossil-based age of their separation (similar to5 million years ago) to obtain a rate of about 0.013 (95% CI = 0.011-0.018) corrected sequence divergence per million years. We also assess variation in part of the mtDNA control region (CR) and adjacent tRNA genes in 57 Asian elephants from seven countries (Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia). Asian elephants have typical levels of mtDNA variation, and coalescence analyses suggest their populations were growing in the late Pleistocene. Reconstructed phylogenies reveal two major clades (A and B) differing on average by HKY85/Gamma -corrected distances of 0.020 for cyt b and 0.050 for the CR segment (corresponding to a coalescence time based on our cyt b rate of similar to1.2 million years). Individuals of both major clades exist in all locations but Indonesia and Malaysia. Most elephants from Malaysia and all from Indonesia are in well-supported, basal clades within clade A, thus supporting their status as evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). The proportion of clade A individuals decreases to the north, which could result from retention and subsequent loss of ancient lineages in long-term stable populations or, perhaps more likely, via recent mixing of two expanding populations that were isolated in the mid-Pleistocene. The distribution of clade A individuals appears to have been impacted by human trade in elephants among Myanmar. Sri Lanka, and India, and the subspecies and ESU statuses of Sri Lankan elephants are not supported by molecular data. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Mol Genet Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. RP Fleischer, RC (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Mol Genet Lab, 3001 Connecticut Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. NR 62 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 39 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD SEP PY 2001 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1882 EP 1892 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 484WD UT WOS:000171711800016 PM 11681743 ER PT J AU Roubik, DW AF Roubik, DW TI Searching for genetic pattern in orchid bees: A reply to Takahashi et al. SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIPLOID MALES; EUGLOSSINE BEES; HYMENOPTERA C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Roubik, DW (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 2072,Ancon, Balboa, Panama. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD SEP PY 2001 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1900 EP 1901 PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 484WD UT WOS:000171711800019 ER PT J AU Bernstein, B AF Bernstein, B TI Native American art: The collections of the Ethnological Museum Berlin SO GREAT PLAINS QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Mus Amer Indian, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Bernstein, B (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Mus Amer Indian, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENT GREAT PLAINS STUD PI LINCOLN PA UNIV NEBRASKA-LINCOLN 1214 OLDFATHER HALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0313 USA SN 0275-7664 J9 GREAT PLAINS QUART JI Gt. Plains Q. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 346 EP 346 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 514KJ UT WOS:000173437900011 ER PT J AU Greene, CS AF Greene, CS TI The Five Crows Ledger: Biographic warrior art of the Flathead Indians SO GREAT PLAINS QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Greene, CS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENT GREAT PLAINS STUD PI LINCOLN PA UNIV NEBRASKA-LINCOLN 1214 OLDFATHER HALL, LINCOLN, NE 68588-0313 USA SN 0275-7664 J9 GREAT PLAINS QUART JI Gt. Plains Q. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 347 EP 348 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 514KJ UT WOS:000173437900012 ER PT J AU Perdices, A Carmona, JA Fernandez-Delgado, C Doadrio, I AF Perdices, A Carmona, JA Fernandez-Delgado, C Doadrio, I TI Nuclear and mitochondrial data reveal high genetic divergence among Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of the Iberian killifish Aphanius iberus (Teleostei : Cyprinodontidae) SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE allozymes; cytochrome b; cyprinodontiform; gene flow; mtDNA; phylogeny ID ALLOZYMIC VARIATION; CONSERVATION; DNA; WATER; FISH; FASCIATUS; DIVERSITY; HABITATS; PUPFISH AB The molecular divergence and phylogenetic relationships of the Iberian populations of Aphanius iberus were established using allozymes and the complete cytochrome b gene sequence. Congruent results were found with both nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers. The Mediterranean and Atlantic populations are clearly differentiated into two independent lineages. Their high molecular divergence suggests an early isolation, and the absence of gene flow among the populations indicates their independent evolution. The nuclear and mitochondrial data reveal monophyletic clustering of the two, geographical lineages, but provide weak support for the population relationships. However, the mitochondrial results differentiated the Villena population as a distinct mitochondrial unit within the Mediterranean group. Geographically broad studies across the distribution range of A. iberus have helped to elucidate the patterns of diversification of this species. The genetic divergence found between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean populations is of the same order as those found among recognized species of cyprinodontids. The identification of two discrete evolutionary lineages has important implications for the conservation of this species, since its recovery requires the recognition and preservation of natural diversity. The Mediterranean and Atlantic lineages should be managed separately to avoid loss of their genetic identity, and the genetic uniqueness of the populations should be preserved by using wild stocks as the source of genetic diversity in captive breeding programmes. C1 CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Evolut, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Univ Cordoba, Edificio Planta C1 3A, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. RP Perdices, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 2072, Balboa, Panama. EM anabelperdices@email.com RI Fernandez-Delgado, Carlos/B-6780-2016; OI Fernandez-Delgado, Carlos/0000-0002-1359-435X; Doadrio, Ignacio/0000-0003-4863-9711 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD SEP PY 2001 VL 87 BP 314 EP 324 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00888.x PN 3 PG 11 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 495LU UT WOS:000172343300007 PM 11737278 ER PT J AU Kaeppler, AL AF Kaeppler, AL TI Encounters with greatness - Collecting Hawaiian monarchs and aristocrats SO HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kaeppler, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-7298 J9 HIST PHOTOGR JI Hist. Photogr. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 25 IS 3 BP 259 EP 268 PG 10 WC Art SC Art GA 482FQ UT WOS:000171565700005 ER PT J AU Belanus, BJ AF Belanus, BJ TI New tales for old: Folktales as literary fictions for young adults SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN FOLKLORE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Folklife & Cultural Heritage, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Belanus, BJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Folklife & Cultural Heritage, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FOLKLORE SOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DR, STE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0021-8715 J9 J AM FOLKLORE JI J. Am. Folk. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 114 IS 454 BP 496 EP 497 PG 2 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 500RW UT WOS:000172641400012 ER PT J AU Maksel, R AF Maksel, R TI The myth of matriarchal prehistory: Why an invented past won't give women a future SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN FOLKLORE LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Magazine, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Maksel, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Magazine, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FOLKLORE SOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DR, STE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0021-8715 J9 J AM FOLKLORE JI J. Am. Folk. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 114 IS 454 BP 508 EP 509 PG 2 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 500RW UT WOS:000172641400022 ER PT J AU Stine, JK AF Stine, JK TI Flowing through time: A history of the Lower Chattahoochee River. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Stine, JK (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 88 IS 2 BP 737 EP 738 DI 10.2307/2675249 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 470QK UT WOS:000170882500162 ER PT J AU Sherrill, J Ware, LH Lynch, WE Montali, RJ Bush, M AF Sherrill, J Ware, LH Lynch, WE Montali, RJ Bush, M TI Contrast radiography with positive-pressure insufflation in northern pintails (Anas acuta) SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article DE contrast radiography; negative contrast; air sac insufflation; positive-pressure ventilation; avian; duck; northern pintail; Anas acuta ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASES; VENTILATION; RADIOLOGY AB Contrast radiography with positive-pressure insufflation (PPI) at 20 cm of water pressure was evaluated for safety and analyzed for potential diagnostic use in 6 male northern pintails (Anas acuta). Ducks were anesthetized for either 2 or 3 procedures, 1 week apart, then euthanized and necropsied after the final procedure. Air sac areas on survey and PPI radiographs were measured to calculate average percent increase of visible air sac area after PPI. No clinical complications resulted from PPI procedures. Birds recovered quickly without respiratory distress. No gross or microscopic respiratory lesions associated with PPI were identified at necropsy. Average percent increases in air sac areas resulting from PPI on lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs were 79% and 90%, respectively. As judged subjectively by attending clinical veterinarians, cardiohepatic, air sac, lung, renal, gastrointestinal, vertebral, and testicular margins and boundaries were more distinct as a result of PPI. PPI in an avian patient using air as a negative contrast medium is a safe, effective technique that potentially allows increased radiographic diagnostic capability. C1 Smithsonian Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Vet Serv, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Smithsonian Conservat & Res Ctr, Dept Ornithol, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Sherrill, J (reprint author), John G Shedd Aquarium, Dept Vet Serv, 1200 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS PI BOCA RATON PA PO BOX 811720, BOCA RATON, FL 33481 USA SN 1082-6742 J9 J AVIAN MED SURG JI J. Avian Med. Surg. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1647/1082-6742(2001)015[0178:CRWPPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 505YD UT WOS:000172942400004 ER PT J AU Dudley, R AF Dudley, R TI Limits to human locomotor performance: phylogenetic origins and comparative perspectives SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evolution; human; hummingbird; hypoxia; locomotion; metabolic rate ID HOMINID BIPEDALISM; PALEOLITHIC NUTRITION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; FLIGHT ENERGETICS; METABOLIC RATES; GAS-MIXTURES; EVOLUTION; HUMMINGBIRDS; WALKING; MASS AB Studies of human exercise physiology have been conducted from a largely ahistorical perspective. This approach usefully elucidates proximate limits to locomotor performance, but ignores potential sources of biomechanical and physiological variation that derive from adaptation to ancestral environments. Phylogenetic reconstruction suggests that multiple hominoid lineages, including that leading to Homo sapiens, evolved in African highlands at altitudes of 1000-2000 in. The evolution of human locomotor physiology therefore occurred under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia. In contrast to present-day humans running on treadmills or exercising in otherwise rectilinear trajectories, ancestral patterns of hominid locomotion probably involved intermittent knuckle-walking over variable terrain, occasional bouts of arboreality and an evolving capacity for bipedalism. All such factors represent potential axes of locomotor variation at present unstudied in extant hominoid taxa. As with humans, hummingbirds evolved in mid-montane contexts but pose an extreme contrast with respect to body size, locomotor mode and metabolic capacity. Substantial biomechanical and physiological challenges are associated with flight in hypobaria. Nonetheless, hummingbird lineages demonstrate a progressive invasion of higher elevations and a remarkable tolerance to hypoxia during hovering. Upregulation of aerobic capacity and parallel resistance to hypoxia may represent coupled evolutionary adaptations to flight under high-altitude conditions. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Dudley, R (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 70 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 14 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 204 IS 18 BP 3235 EP 3240 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 479WA UT WOS:000171425500016 PM 11581339 ER PT J AU Inomata, T Triadan, D Ponciano, E Terry, R Beaubien, HF AF Inomata, T Triadan, D Ponciano, E Terry, R Beaubien, HF TI In the Palace of the fallen king: The royal residential complex at Aguateca, Guatemala SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLASSIC MAYA; PIEDRAS NEGRAS; HONDURAS; BELIZE; COPAN AB The Aguateca Archaeological Project extensively excavated two structures (M7-22 and M7-32) in the Palace Group of the Late Classic Maya (A.C. 600-830) center of Aguateca, Guatemala. Multiple lines of evidence, including site layout, architectural features, soil chemistry, objects stored in a sealed room, and abandonment processes, suggest that these were the buildings where the ruler and his family lived and worked. The use of space in these structures shows some similarities to those of the rapidly abandoned elite residences at Aguateca and of palace-type buildings at other Maya centers. The occupants of this royal complex retained a certain level of visibility, indicating the importance of the ruler's body as the focus of theatrical display. After the royal family evacuated the center, an invading enemy ritually destroyed these buildings, attesting the symbolic importance of the royal residences. The center was almost completely abandoned after this incursion. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Smithsonian Ctr Mat Res & Educ, Museum Support Ctr, Suitland, MD USA. RP Inomata, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, POB 210030, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM inomata@u.arizona.edu; dtriadan@u.arizona.edu; aguateca@starnet.net.gt; Richard_Terry@byu.edu; beaubienb@scmre.si.edu NR 72 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOURNAL FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY PI BOSTON PA BOSTON UNIV 675 COMMONWEALTH AVE, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 0093-4690 J9 J FIELD ARCHAEOL JI J. Field Archaeol. PD FAL-WIN PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 306 PG 20 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 767LF UT WOS:000188440500004 ER PT J AU Kunen, JL AF Kunen, JL TI Ancient Maya agricultural installations and the development of intensive agriculture in NW Belize SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN BELIZE; LA-MILPA; LOWLANDS; FEATURES; FIELDS AB Archaeological study of the spatial arrangement of agricultural features such as terraces and berms yields insight into the scale, mode, and tempo of farm production and the social organization of farming communities. Data from five regions of the Maya lowlands where such features have been extensively documented demonstrate the range of strategies employed by the ancient Maya to organize agricultural production. In some previously studied regions of the lowlands, spatial patterns suggest centralized management of farmland by state institutions, while in others a small bolder strategy seems evident. In the Rio Bravo region of NW Belize, the organization of agricultural labor centered neither on the state nor on the individual farm family, but on the farm community. Moreover, the incremental conversion of open lands to terraced agricultural fields was part of a long-term interactive sequence of environmental change and human response over centuries of occupation. This sequence demonstrates that the ancient Maya not only adapted to a degraded environment but used it to their advantage, developing new technologies that were successful for several centuries prior to their ultimate failure. The agricultural history of the lowland Maya demonstrates that indigenous systems of resource management in fragile environments such as the tropics were not always deleterious. The innovations and successful adaptations of ancient farmers should also be recognized. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Kunen, JL (reprint author), 113 Charles St, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOURNAL FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY PI BOSTON PA BOSTON UNIV 675 COMMONWEALTH AVE, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 0093-4690 J9 J FIELD ARCHAEOL JI J. Field Archaeol. PD FAL-WIN PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3-4 BP 325 EP 346 PG 22 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 767LF UT WOS:000188440500006 ER PT J AU Creer, DA de Queiroz, K Jackman, TR Losos, JB Larson, A AF Creer, DA de Queiroz, K Jackman, TR Losos, JB Larson, A TI Systematics of the Anolis roquet series of the southern Lesser Antilles SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; LIZARDS; EVOLUTION; IGUANIDAE; SEQUENCE; STATES; SAURIA; TREES AB We report a phylogenetic analysis of approximately 1330 bases of mitochondrial DNA sequence for eight species of the Anolis roquet series (Anolis aeneus, Anolis bonairensis, Anolis extremus, Anolis griseus, Anolis luciae, Anolis richardi, Anolis roquet, Anolis trinitatus). These data contain 410 characters that are parsimony informative for the. A. roquet series plus three outgroup species. A parsimony analysis of these data, combined with previously published allozymic data, reveals a single most parsimonious tree with strong support for seven internal branches. Anolis bonairensis and A. luciae are sister taxa and together form a sister taxon to a group containing the other species. Relationships among A. griseus, A. trinitatus, and a clade containing the remaining species are unresolved. Within the latter clade, A. richardi is the sister taxon to a group containing A. aeneus, A. extremus, and A. roquet, with the latter two species being sister taxa. Reanalysis of previously published allozymic data produces no conflicts with the mtDNA tree for well-supported branches. Parsimony analysis of the combined allozymic and DNA data gives a tree identical in topology to the tree resulting from the DNA analysis alone. In contrast to earlier studies, our phylogenetic analyses indicate that neither the small-bodied (A. aeneus, A. trinitatus) nor the large-bodied (A. griseus, A. richardi) species form monophyletic groups. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Creer, DA (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. OI Jackman, Todd/0000-0002-5391-8136 NR 52 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 35 IS 3 BP 428 EP 441 DI 10.2307/1565961 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 474ZJ UT WOS:000171136900009 ER PT J AU Collard, M Wood, B AF Collard, M Wood, B TI Homoplasy and the early hominid masticatory system: inferences from analyses of extant hominoids and papionins SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE mastication; homoplasy; hominid; cladistics; phylogeny; hominoid; papionin ID TRAIT LIST BIAS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; HUMAN-EVOLUTION; CONTINUOUS CHARACTERS; ANTHROPOID PRIMATES; CANINE DIMORPHISM; MURINE DENTITION; GENUS HOMO; AUSTRALOPITHECUS AB Early hominid masticatory characters are widely considered to be more prone to homoplasy than characters from other regions of the early hominid skull arid, therefore less reliable for phylogenetic reconstruction. This hypothesis has important implications for current reconstructions of early hominid phylogeny, but it has never been tested. In this paper we evaluate the likely veracity of the hypothesis using craniometric data from extant primate groups for which reliable consensus molecular phylogenies are available. Datasets representing the extant large-bodied hominoid genera and the extant papionin genera were compiled from standard measurements. The data were adjusted to minimise the confounding effects of body size, and then converted into discrete character states using divergence coding. Each dataset was divided into four regional character groups: (1) palate and upper dentition, (2) mandible and lower dentition, (3) face and (4) cranial vault and base. Thereafter, the regional character groups were analysed using cladistic methods and the resulting phylogenetic hypotheses judged against the consensus molecular phylogenies for the hominoids and papionins. The analyses indicated that the regions dominated by masticatory characters-the palate and upper dentition, and the mandible and lower dentition-are no less reliable for phylogenetic reconstruction than the other regions of the skull. The four regions were equally affected by homoplasy and were, therefore, equally unreliable for phylogenetic reconstruction. This finding challenges the recent suggestion that Paranthropus is polyphyletic, which is based on the assumption that masticatory characters are especially prone to homoplasy. Our finding also suggests that, contrary to current practice, there is no a priori reason to de-emphasise the phylogenetic significance of the masticatory similarities between Homo rudolfensis and the australopiths. The corollary of this is that H. rudolfensis is unlikely to be a member of the Homo clade and should therefore be allocated to another genus. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 UCL, Dept Anthropol, London WC1E 6BT, England. UCL, AHRB Ctr Evolutionary Anal Cultural Behav, London WC1E 6BT, England. George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP UCL, Dept Anthropol, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM m.collard@ucl.ac.uk; bwood@gwu.edu NR 109 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 41 IS 3 BP 167 EP 194 DI 10.1006/jhev.2001.0487 PG 28 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 477FE UT WOS:000171271700001 PM 11534998 ER PT J AU Neale, PJ AF Neale, PJ TI Modeling the effects of ultraviolet radiation on estuarine phytoplankton production: impact of variations in exposure and sensitivity to inhibition SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Stratospheric Processes and Their Role in Climate (SPARC) CY NOV 09-11, 2000 CL MAR DEL PLATA, ARGENTINA DE biological weighting functions; photoinhibition; UV-B; UV-A ID BIOLOGICAL WEIGHTING FUNCTION; OZONE DEPLETION; ANTARCTIC PHYTOPLANKTON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; UV; LAKES; LIGHT AB Spectral ultraviolet (UV) irradiance, water column attenuation and biological weighting functions for inhibition of phytoplankton photosynthesis have been measured for the Rhode River, a subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay. Together, these measurements can be used to estimate UV effects on water column production, but each factor shows a significant range of variability even just considering summer time conditions. A sensitivity analysis of UV inhibition is described which assesses the effect of this variation for different combinations of 28 irradiance spectra, 8 biological weighting functions (BWFs) and 16 water column irradiance profiles. Over all combinations, production averaged about 84% relative to potential production in the absence of UV effects. For a few combinations, relative production was as low as 67%, or as high as 97%, but for most combinations the range was 75-95%. Variations in the sensitivity of the phytoplankton assemblage, i.e. the BWF, and optical properties, represented by a transparency ratio of biologically effective UV to photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), had large effects on water column production. A simple relationship for UV inhibition of water column production is developed based on inhibition at the surface and the ratio of UV and PAR transparency. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BY. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Neale, PJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RI Neale, Patrick/A-3683-2012 NR 36 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1011-1344 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO B JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. B-Biol. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00159-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 474BZ UT WOS:000171085600002 PM 11693360 ER PT J AU Dolan, JR Gallegos, CL AF Dolan, JR Gallegos, CL TI Estuarine diversity of tintinnids (planktonic ciliates) SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; ABUNDANCE; SEA; MICROZOOPLANKTON; CILIOPHORA; GRADIENTS; LORICA; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIODIVERSITY AB In Chesapeake Bay, a large eutrophic and partially stratified estuary, we investigated diversity among tintinnids (Ciliophora, suborder Tintinninia) in September 1999. In contrast with the typical estuarine pattern, tintinnid diversity was high and increased with decreasing salinity from the mouth of the bay to the mid-bay region. Peak species numbers and diversity values [20-25 species, H ' (ln) = 2.4-2.5] were found in stations in the mesohaline (14-17%) portion of the bay. Within the bay, diversity was not correlated with abundance or food levels, as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, nor with predator (copepod) concentration. However because high copepod concentrations corresponded to the less diverse southern bay populations, we examined the influence of copepods on tintinnid diversity in two field experiments using natural populations and a size:fractionation approach. Similar copepod predation rates on abundant tintinnid species (0.4-1 ml cleared copepod(-1) h(-1)) were found in the experiments, but with distinct impacts on tintinnid diversify. In a slow-growing community of tintinnids, copepod predation decreased diversity relative to changes in communities without copepods, while in a community highly dominated by a rapidly growing tintinnid species, copepod predation increased diversity. Our results show that not all taxa found in estuaries are species poor, and in the highly dynamic plankton the relative influence of factors influencing diversity may change rapidly. Species richness in the Chesapeake Bay appears predictable from latitude. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Dolan, JR (reprint author), CNRS, ESA 70776, Marine Microbial Ecol Grp, Stn Zool, PB 28, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. RI Dolan, John/A-4513-2009; OI Dolan, John/0000-0002-9454-1355; Gallegos, Charles/0000-0001-5112-0166 NR 69 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1009 EP 1027 DI 10.1093/plankt/23.9.1009 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 477MF UT WOS:000171286800009 ER PT J AU Weil, SE AF Weil, SE TI Copyright and its counterweights: A faltering balance SO JOURNAL OF THE COPYRIGHT SOCIETY OF THE USA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Interdisciplinary Conference on the Impact of Technological Change on the Creation, Dissemination, and Protection of Intellectual Property CY MAR 08, 2001 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OHIO HO OHIO STATE UNIV C1 Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Museum Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Weil, SE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Museum Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK UNIV LAW CENTER PI NEW YORK PA J OF THE COPYRIGHT SOC USA 40 WASHINGTON SQUARE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0886-3520 J9 J COPYRIGHT SOC USA JI J. Copyr. Soc. USA PD FAL PY 2001 VL 49 IS 1 BP 357 EP 372 PG 16 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 545FB UT WOS:000175205200017 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR AF Mawdsley, JR TI Cladistic analysis of the Nearetic checkered beetle genus Aulicus Spinola (Coleoptera : Cleridae : Clerinae) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The results of a computerized cladistic analysis of the Nearctic checkered beetle genus Aulicus Spinola (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae) are presented. Seventeen adult morphological characters (7 multistate, 10 binary) were used to investigate the cladistic relationships of the fifteen valid species of Aulicus. Two Nearctic species of the genus Trichodes Herbst were used as out.-roup taxa. Cladistic analysis with the parsimony computer program NONA yielded three equally parsimonious trees, each with thirteen nodes supported by unambiguous character optimizations, and having length 64, consistency index 50, and retention index 52. The strict consensus of these three trees has eleven resolved nodes. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Syst Biol, Div Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Syst Biol, Div Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD FAL-WIN PY 2001 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2001)109[0337:CAOTNC]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 531TL UT WOS:000174433300002 ER PT J AU Green, R AF Green, R TI Native artistic resistance to Western curio-sity SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Amer Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Green, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Amer Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009, MANHATTAN, KS 66505-1009 USA SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD FAL PY 2001 VL 40 IS 4 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC History SC History GA 477RW UT WOS:000171298900006 ER PT J AU Bush, NB Moreno, E De Oliveira, PE Asanza, E Colinvaux, PA AF Bush, NB Moreno, E De Oliveira, PE Asanza, E Colinvaux, PA TI The influence of biogeographic and ecological heterogeneity on Amazonian pollen spectra SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amazonia; beta-diversity; Brazil; Ecuador; gamma-diversity; modern pollen; multivariate analysis; pollen rain; tropical forest ID TERRA-FIRME FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; COSTA-RICA; HISTORY; VEGETATION; BRAZIL; SAVANNAS; RECORDS; SOILS AB The influence of gamma- (gamma) and beta- (beta) diversity on modern pollen rain is assessed using data from three Amazonian forests. Pollen rain of 79 forest locations was collected in modified Oldfield pollen traps between 1991 and 1993. Pollen diversity in the traps was high with > 280 palynomorph types recognized. Gamma diversity was assessed by comparing lowland terra firme forests in Cuyabeno, Ecuador, with two terra firme forests near Manaus, Brazil. The influence of beta -diversity on local pollen rain was investigated using samples collected from neighbouring terra firme forests, seasonally flooded forests, and Mauritia-rich forests at Cuyabeno, Ecuador. Multivariate analyses revealed that gamma -diversity produces a stronger signal in the pollen rain than beta -diversity. However, beta -diversity is accurately reflected in the pollen rain when the diversity is an expression of strong environmental gradients. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Marine Biol Labs, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Bush, NB (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RI De Oliveira, Paulo/B-4559-2017; OI De Oliveira, Paulo/0000-0003-1040-4001; Bush, Mark/0000-0001-6894-8613 NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 17 BP 729 EP 743 PN 5 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 499QX UT WOS:000172582800008 ER PT J AU Meggers, BJ AF Meggers, BJ TI The continuing quest for El-Dorado: Round two SO LATIN AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Review ID AMAZONIA; BRAZIL; ARCHAEOLOGY; LANDSCAPE; SERIATION AB An increasing number of publications supports the autonomous development of dense sedentary populations with advanced social organization throughout Amazonia in spite of abundant archaeological, ethnographic, physical, and biological evidence for environmental limitations to sustainable intensive exploitation of the varzea as well as the terra firme. Three articles in recent issues of Latin American Antiquity dispute the validity of the data collected during three decades of survey by participants of the Programa Nacl de Pesquisas Arqueologicas na Bacia Amazonica, which indicate that surviving indigenous groups perpetuate settlement and social behavior adopted at least 2,000 years ago, when the widespread use of pottery makes it detectable. Correction of the misunderstandings contributing to this 'revisionist' assessment is essential because uncritical acceptance of the conclusions not only conflicts with ecological and archaeological evidence, but provides support for the unconstrainted deforestation of the region. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Meggers, BJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 122 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 1045-6635 J9 LAT AM ANTIQ JI Lat. Am. Antiq. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 12 IS 3 BP 304 EP 325 DI 10.2307/971635 PG 22 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 477GB UT WOS:000171274000005 ER PT J AU Schroll, S AF Schroll, S TI Artspace is/artspace was: A place in time. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. RP Schroll, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 14 BP 172 EP 172 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 468BZ UT WOS:000170739400051 ER PT J AU Schroll, S AF Schroll, S TI Cultural ties. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. RP Schroll, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 14 BP 174 EP 175 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 468BZ UT WOS:000170739400062 ER PT J AU Kalfatovic, MR AF Kalfatovic, MR TI Reading pictures: A history of love and hate. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. RP Kalfatovic, MR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 126 IS 14 BP 175 EP 175 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 468BZ UT WOS:000170739400065 ER PT J AU Gilbert, AL Guzman, HM AF Gilbert, AL Guzman, HM TI Bioindication potential of carbonic anhydrase activity in anemones and corals SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE carbonic anhydrase; metal pollution; anemones; coral reefs; Panama AB Activity levels of carbonic anhydrase (CA) were assessed in anemones Condylactis gigantea and Stichodactyla helianthus with laboratory exposures to copper, nickel, lead, and vanadium, and also in animals collected from polluted vs pristine field sites. CA activity was found to be decreased with increase in metal concentration and also in animals collected from the polluted field site. Preliminary assessments to adapt the CA assay for use in the widespread coral Montastraea cavernosa show decreased CA activity in specimens from the polluted field site and provide an avenue for future research aimed at more thoroughly describing coral CA activity for potential application in bioindication. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 42 IS 9 BP 742 EP 744 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00210-1 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 476WK UT WOS:000171251600014 PM 11585066 ER PT J AU Marvin, UB AF Marvin, UB TI Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science: I. Edward Anders SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ORDINARY CHONDRITES; ISOTOPIC ANOMALIES; IRON-METEORITES; ELEMENTS; SOLAR; ABUNDANCES; SEARCH; GASES AB In this interview, taped in 2000 August, during the meeting of the Meteoritical Society in Chicago, Edward Anders ascribes his interest in meteorites to a single moment of inspiration while he was in graduate school. He then reviews those advances that he has found most exciting. Some were contributed by his own research group, but many by others. Among the topics are the following: origin of meteorites (lunar or asteroidal parent bodies, diamonds, Widmanstatten pattern, nebular condensation, meteorite orbits, asteroid spectra); primitive meteoritic matter (C I chondrites, calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), solar-system abundances, organic matter); meteorite ages (radiogenic ages, cosmic-ray ages, charged particle tracks); classification of meteorites (chondrites, iron meteorites, unequilibrated chondrites); isotopic anomalies (oxygen, heavy elements, noble gases, interstellar grains); and meteorite impacts (impact craters, K/T mass extinction). Anders spent most of his career (1955-1991) at the University of Chicago where he was the Horace B. Horton Professor of Chemistry from 1973-1991. The Meteoritical Society honored Anders with its Leonard Medal in 1974, and he served as its president in 1991-1992. He then dropped out of science. After residing in Switzerland for several years, Anders returned to the USA where he maintains residences in Burlingame, California, and Chicago, Illinois. Today, Anders can be reached at: eanders1@concentric.net. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Marvin, UB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 36 IS 9 SU S BP A255 EP A267 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 480LD UT WOS:000171462100008 ER PT J AU Marvin, UB AF Marvin, UB TI Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science: III. Robert M. Walker SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRIMITIVE METEORITES; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; GRAPHITE AB In this interview, taped in 2000 August, during the meeting of the Meteoritical Society in Chicago, Robert Walker recalls that he began studying meteorites when he realized that they should display particle tracks caused by their bombardment by cosmic rays. Walker was much intrigued by the idea of finding fossil tracks from old cosmic rays. Among his more important accomplishments, he lists the discovery of tracks of extremely heavy cosmic rays in meteorites and those of very low-energy solar flare particles in lunar samples. He has played a leadership role in research on interplanetary dust particles and on presolar grains in meteorites in an effort to learn more about the origins of the elements. Walker has spent most of his career at Washington University in St. Louis where he established the McDonnell Center for Space Science. In 1993, the Meteoritical Society presented him with the Leonard Medal. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Marvin, UB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 36 IS 9 SU S BP A275 EP A283 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 480LD UT WOS:000171462100010 ER PT J AU Marvin, UB AF Marvin, UB TI Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science: IV. James R. Arnold SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB James Arnold, a nuclear chemist, reports in this interview, taped during the Meteoritical Society meeting in Chicago in 2000, that he became interested in meteorites when one of his graduate students chose to search for the cosmogenic isotope, Mn-53, in an iron meteorite. This project led to analyses of what became the standard four cosmogenic isotopes (Mn-53, Cl-36, Al-26, and Be-10) in meteorites and to the first determinations of their terrestrial ages. These in turn paved the way for analyses of a broad set of short- and long-lived isotopes in lunar samples returned by the Apollo astronauts, providing insight into lunar surface processes and the history of cosmic radiation. Arnold also mounted gamma-ray spectrometers on the command modules of the Apollo 15 and 16 missions and obtained chemical maps of the surface materials in mare and highlands regions. In 1958 Arnold began his research and teaching at the University of California at San Diego where from 1983 to his retirement in 1993 he served as the Harold C. Urey Professor of Chemistry. In 1976, the Meteoritical Society honored James Arnold with its Leonard Medal. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Marvin, UB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 36 IS 9 SU S BP A285 EP A292 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 480LD UT WOS:000171462100011 ER PT J AU Marvin, UB AF Marvin, UB TI Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science: II. Robert N. Clayton SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB In this interview, taped during the Meteoritical Society meeting in Chicago in 2000 August, Robert Clayton who started his career as a terrestrial geochemist, describes how he first analyzed meteorite samples with great reluctance after years of resisting every suggestion from his colleagues that he study them. He also relates how the unaccountable results he obtained while correcting oxygen-18 analyses for carbon-13 in CO2 made sense only when he finally realized that he actually was analyzing oxygen-17. By sheer serendipity this result led to the fundamentally important new result that Allende and other meteorites carry an anomalous exotic component. Clayton now finds research on extraterrestrial materials to be extremely interesting and exciting, with new systems turning up every year. He regrets the lack of interest he encounters in many young scientists and hopes that the availability of martian samples will persuade more terrestrial geologists and geochemists to enter the field. Clayton made his career at the University of Chicago where he has served since 1980 as the Enrico Fermi Distinguished Service Professor. In 1982 The Meteoritical Society honored Robert Clayton with its Leonard Medal. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Marvin, UB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 36 IS 9 SU S BP A269 EP A274 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 480LD UT WOS:000171462100009 ER PT J AU Seddon, JM Santucci, F Reeve, NJ Hewitt, GM AF Seddon, JM Santucci, F Reeve, NJ Hewitt, GM TI DNA footprints of European hedgehogs, Erinaceus europaeus and E-concolor. Pleistocene refugia, postglacial expansion and colonization routes SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE European phylogeography; hedgehogs; postglacial colonization ID PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; GENETIC CONSEQUENCES; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; DIVERGENCE; HAPLOTYPES; PROGRAM; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; HYPOTHESES; DISPERSAL AB European hedgehogs, Erinaceus europaeus and E. concolor, are among the many European plant and animal taxa that have been subjected to cyclical restriction to glacial refugia and interglacial expansion. An analysis of 95 mitotypes, comprising partial cytochrome b and control region sequences, shows deep divergence between the two hedgehog species. Three europaeus and two concolor clades are clearly identified and are consistent with previously identified refugia for Europe: the Iberian peninsula, Italy, and the Balkans. The degree of mitochondrial divergence among these clades suggests pre-Pleistocene separation of the refugial populations. In contrast, analysis of two nuclear introns clearly separates the two concolor clades, as in the mitochondrial data, but cannot discriminate the three europaeus clades. This discrepancy between nuclear and mitochondrial data is attributed to historical differences in the refugial population size of europaeus and concolor. The geographical distribution of mitotypes is analysed using nested clade analysis. This method, by including unobserved ('missing') mitotypes, can identify mitotype groupings that remain undetected in conventional analyses. However, the application of nested clade analysis to the study of refugial populations may be hampered by such factors as the loss of haplotypes from the refugial areas by repeated contractions of the population and the recent time scale of colonization relative to mutation rate. C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. Univ Surrey Roehampton, Sch Life Sci, London SW15 3SN, England. RP Seddon, JM (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Evolut Biol Ctr, Norbyvagen 18D, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Seddon, Jennifer/A-1402-2010 OI Seddon, Jennifer/0000-0003-3789-6878 NR 30 TC 113 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 10 IS 9 BP 2187 EP 2198 DI 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01357.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 474VN UT WOS:000171127700007 PM 11555261 ER PT J AU Williams, ST Knowlton, N Weigt, LA Jara, JA AF Williams, ST Knowlton, N Weigt, LA Jara, JA TI Evidence for three major clades within the snapping shrimp genus Alpheus inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequence data SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Alpheus; Thunor; glucose phosphate isomerase; elongation factor-1 alpha; cytochrome oxidase I; phylogeny; chimera; selection ID AUTOCRINE MOTILITY FACTOR; ELONGATION FACTOR-1-ALPHA; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE; PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE; PHOSPHOHEXOSE ISOMERASE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; DNA; NEUROLEUKIN; PENAEUS; POLYPEPTIDE AB The snapping shrimp genus Alpheus is among the most diverse of caridean shrimps, and analyses of taxa separated by the Isthmus of Panama have been used to estimate rates of molecular evolution. Although seven morphological groups have been informally suggested, no formal phylogenetic analysis of the genus has been previously attempted. Here we infer the phylogenetic relationships within Alpheus using sequence data from two nuclear genes, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and elongation factor-la, and from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I. Three major clades corresponding to previously noted morphological features were identified. Discrepancies between earlier informal morphological groupings and molecular analyses largely consisted of species whose morphologies were not entirely typical of the group to which they had been assigned. The traditional placements of shrimp with highly sessile lifestyles and consequently simplified morphologies were also not supported by molecular analyses. Phylogenies for Alpheus suggest that specialized ecological requirements (e.g., symbiotic associations and estuarine habitats) and modified claw morphologies have evolved independently several times. These new analyses also support the sister species status of transisthmian pairs analyzed previously, although very similar pairs were not always resolved with the more slowly evolving nuclear loci. In addition, six new cryptic species were identified in the course of these studies plus a seventh whose status remains to be determined. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Marine Lab, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div 0202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Williams, ST (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. RI Williams, Suzanne/A-9604-2008 OI Williams, Suzanne/0000-0003-2995-5823 NR 39 TC 66 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3 BP 375 EP 389 DI 10.1006/mpev.2001.0976 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 472QN UT WOS:000170996600005 PM 11527465 ER PT J AU Edinger, EN Pandolfi, JM Kelley, RA AF Edinger, EN Pandolfi, JM Kelley, RA TI Community structure of Quaternary coral reefs compared with Recent life and death assemblages SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGES; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; TAPHONOMY; HOLOCENE; RECORD; PRESERVATION; ISLANDS AB This paper assesses the reliability with which fossil reefs record the diversity and community structure of adjacent Recent reefs. The diversity and taxonomic composition of Holocene raised fossil reefs was compared with those of modern reef coral life and death assemblages in adjacent moderate and low-energy shallow reef habitats Of Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea. Species richness per sample area and Shannon-Wiener diversity (H') were highest in the fossil reefs, intermediate in the life assemblages, and lowest in the death assemblages. The taxonomic composition of the fossil reefs was most similar to the combination of the life and death assemblages from the modern reefs adjacent to the two fossil reefs. Depth zonation was recorded accurately in the fossil reefs. The Madang fossil reefs represent time-averaged composites of the combined life and death assemblages as they existed at the time the reef was uplifted. Because fossil reefs include overlapping cohorts from the life and death assemblages, lagoonal facies of fossil reefs are dominated by the dominant sediment-producing taxa, which are not necessarily the most abundant in the life assemblage. Rare or slow-growing taxa accumulate more slowly than the encasing sediments and are underrepresented in fossil reef lagoons. Time-averaging dilutes the contribution of rare taxa, rather than concentrating their contribution. Consequently, fidelity indices developed for mollusks in sediments yield low values in coral reef death and fossil assemblages. Branching corals dominate lagoonal facies of fossil reefs because they are abundant, they grow and produce sediment rapidly, and most of the sediment they produce is not exported. Fossil reefs distinguished kilometer-scale variations in community structure more clearly than did the modern life assemblages. This difference implies that fossil,reefs may provide a better long-term record of community structure than modern reefs. This difference also suggests that modern kilometer-scale variation in coral reef community structure may have been reduced by anthropogenic degradation, even in the relatively unimpacted reefs of Madang Lagoon. Holocene and Pleistocene fossil reefs provide a time-integrated historical record of community composition and may be used as long-term benchmarks for comparison with modern, degraded, nearshore reefs. Comparisons between fossil reefs and degraded modern reefs display gross changes in community structure more effectively than they demonstrate local extinction of rare taxa. C1 Laurentian Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Watermark Films Pty Ltd, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Edinger, EN (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Geog, St Johns, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. RI Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009 OI Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694 NR 61 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 10 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0094-8373 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD FAL PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 669 EP 694 DI 10.1666/0094-8373(2001)027<0669:CSOQCR>2.0.CO;2 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 512CM UT WOS:000173303600005 ER PT J AU Jamieson, MJ Zygelman, B AF Jamieson, MJ Zygelman, B TI Mass dependence of scattering lengths for hydrogen atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVE; MOLECULE; APPROXIMATION; STATES; SHIFT AB We demonstrate that changing the reduced mass in scattering calculations is equivalent to changing the potential. Ve explore how small changes in the mass alter the scattering length of hydrogen atoms when they interact via the X(1)Sigma (+)(g) and b (3)Sigma (t)(u) molecular states. We show how the variation of scattering length with mass depends on the asymptotic potential. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Comp Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Jamieson, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 AR 032703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.032703 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 472HT UT WOS:000170978600048 ER PT J AU Sanmartin, JR Estes, RD AF Sanmartin, JR Estes, RD TI Interference of parallel cylindrical Langmuir probes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MOTION-LIMITED REGIME; ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHERS AB Current to a cylindrical probe of arbitrary cross section is discussed. Previous results for circular cylinders at the high bias and moderate radius R of interest for electrodynamic bare tethers, for which space charge may be ignored over a large neighborhood of the probe, depend in separate ways on both R and perimeter p. These results are extended to a general convex cross section by introducing certain equivalent radius R-eq. For any concave cross section, results use a proper equivalent perimeter p(eq), in addition to R-eq. Finally, for the joint cross section of separate parallel probes, certain effective perimeter p(eff) replaces p(eq). Rules to determine R-eq, p(eq), and p(eff) are used to discuss collection interference among two or more parallel cylinders when brought from far away to contact. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Aeronaut, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Aeronaut, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM jrs@faia.upm.es NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2001 VL 8 IS 9 BP 4234 EP 4239 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 466LW UT WOS:000170647900048 ER PT J AU Crayn, DM Smith, JAC Winter, K AF Crayn, DM Smith, JAC Winter, K TI Carbon-isotope ratios and photosynthetic pathways in the neotropical family Rapateaceae SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon-isotope ratio; photosynthetic pathway; crassulacean acid metabolism; Rapateaceae; monocotyledons. ID CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM; RBCL SEQUENCE DATA; VASCULAR EPIPHYTES; DELTA-C-13 VALUES; LIFE-FORMS; DIOXIDE; PLANTS; LEAVES; DISCRIMINATION; PHYLOGENETICS AB The Rapateaceae is a small, mainly Neotropical family of terrestrial or occasionally epiphytic herbs that grow on mesic, nutrient-poor sites. Some recent studies suggest that the Rapateaceae may be closely related to the Bromeliaceae, one of the major families containing CAM plants. To investigate the photosynthetic pathway in Rapateaceae, the plant carbon-isotope ratio (delta (13)C) was determined for samples from dried herbarium specimens for 85 of the approximately 100 species in the family. The delta (13)C values ranged from - 37.7 to - 19.8 parts per thousand. Most Rapateaceae showed delta (13)C values typical of C(3) plants. However, six species (Kunhardtia rhodantha Maguire, Marahuacaea schomburgkii (Maguire) Maguire, Saxofridericia compressa Maguire, Stegolepis grandis Maguire, St. guianensis Klotzsch ex Korn. and St. squarrosa Maguire) showed delta (13)C values less negative than - 23 parts per thousand, i.e., at the higher end of the range for C(3) plants and at the lower end of the distribution for plants exhibiting CAM. The delta (13)C values became significantly less negative with increasing altitude (regression analysis indicating a change from about - 30.7 %. at sea level to - 22.5 %. at 2500 m). Although other environmental factors and the type of tissue analysed may also influence delta (13)C values, these results suggest that some Rapateaceae may be capable of performing CAM. Further studies, including measurements of diel gas exchange patterns and leaf organic-acid fluctuations, would be needed to demonstrate CAM in Rapateaceae unequivocally, but living material of many of these enigmatic plants is difficult to obtain. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Winter, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. RI Crayn, Darren/A-7386-2011 OI Crayn, Darren/0000-0001-6614-4216 NR 46 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 3 IS 5 BP 569 EP 576 DI 10.1055/s-2001-17748 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 486LL UT WOS:000171819200011 ER PT J AU Hindle, B AF Hindle, B TI Carl Bridenbaugh 10-August 1903 6-January 1992 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Smithsonian Inst, Amer Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHILOSOPHICAL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 104 SOUTH FIFTH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3387 USA SN 0003-049X J9 P AM PHILOS SOC JI Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 145 IS 3 BP 345 EP 347 PG 3 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 510XF UT WOS:000173232000006 ER PT J AU Velasquez, LS AF Velasquez, LS TI The Teodoro Vidal Collection: Creating space for Latinos at the National Museum of American History SO PUBLIC HISTORIAN LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Cultural Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Velasquez, LS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Cultural Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0272-3433 J9 PUBL HISTORIAN JI Public Hist. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 23 IS 4 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1525/tph.2001.23.4.113 PG 12 WC History SC History GA 511PX UT WOS:000173275700009 ER PT J AU Maxwell, TA Haynes, CV AF Maxwell, TA Haynes, CV TI Sand sheet dynamics and Quaternary landscape evolution of the Selima Sand Sheet, southern Egypt SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM; EASTERN SAHARA; DUNE-FIELD; DEPOSITS; DESERT; ORIGIN; PALEODRAINAGES; CLIMATE; WATER; RADAR AB The Selima Sand Sheet occupies more than 120,000 km(2) of the hyperarid, uninhabited Darb el-Arba'in Desert centered at the border of Egypt and Sudan at latitude 22 degrees N, and is characterized by a featureless surface of lag granules and fine sand broken only by widely separated dune fields and giant ripples of varying height and wavelength. Monitoring of the largest of these Chevron-shaped ripples using repeat orbital images and field surveys indicates migration rates of 500-1000 m/yr, accompanied by 0-2.0 cm erosion or deposition of the youngest sand sheet stratigraphic units. Beneath this active surface, several developmental stages of sand sheet sediments have undulatory upper contacts and varying degrees of pedogenic alteration. The younger stages retain their horizontal lamination and have cracking patterns indicative of past wetter conditions, while older stages have lost their laminar structure through pedogenesis. Historical remains in the desert as well as C-14 and Uranium-series dating indicate that the younger strata of the sand sheet have a very low accumulation rate, despite the active movement of the surface. The lower strata were extensively modified during mid and late Pleistocene pluvials, resulting in an initial undulatory surface that set the stage for later accumulation of sand sheet. Below these Quaternary sediments lies irregular topography dissected by channels of mid-Tertiary drainage. The Selima Sand Sheet is neither the result of net aggradation nor degradation, but results from inheritance of an initial fluvial landscape increasingly modified during climatic cycles. Wet periods led to local drainage and deposition, while the increasingly severe and periods of the late Pleistocene and Holocene resulted in deposition of the blanketing bimodal sediments of the sand sheet. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Maxwell, TA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 62 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 20 IS 15 BP 1623 EP 1647 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00009-9 PG 25 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 476VM UT WOS:000171249500005 ER PT J AU Jackson, JBC Sala, E AF Jackson, JBC Sala, E TI Unnatural oceans SO SCIENTIA MARINA LA English DT Article DE overfishing; food webs; biological habitat; body size; historical ecology ID CORAL-REEF; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEA OTTERS; THALASSIA COMMUNITIES; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; WEST-INDIES; ASSEMBLAGES; ECOLOGY; TRENDS; FISH AB Ecological understanding of the oceans is based on an unnatural mix of mostly small species whose trophic relations are distorted to an unknown degree by the overfishing of megafauna including sharks, sea turtles, sea cows, seals, and whales. Living habitats like seagrass beds, kelp forests, and coral reefs that once provided critical 3-dimensional habitats for refuge and reproduction of most of the biodiversity of the oceans are also greatly reduced by fishing and other factors. Successful restoration and conservation require a more realistic understanding of the ecology of pristine marine ecosystems that can only be obtained by a combination of retrospective analyses, modeling, and intensive studies of succession in very large marine reserves. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Balboa, Panama. RP Jackson, JBC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 91 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 23 PU INST CIENCIAS MAR BARCELONA PI BARCELONA PA PASSEIG JOAN DE BORBO, 08039 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0214-8358 J9 SCI MAR JI Sci. Mar. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 65 SU 2 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 480LJ UT WOS:000171462600021 ER PT J AU Sullivan, J Swofford, DL AF Sullivan, J Swofford, DL TI Should we use model-based methods for phylogenetic inference when we know that assumptions about among-site rate variation and nucleotide substitution pattern are violated? SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; DNA-SEQUENCES; EVOLUTIONARY TREES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; INCONSISTENCY; HETEROGENEITY; CONSISTENCY; PARSIMONY; SUCCESS C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Smithsonian Museum, Support Ctr, Lab Mol Systemat, Suitland, MD USA. RP Sullivan, J (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Box 443051, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 40 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 50 IS 5 BP 723 EP 729 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 492CK UT WOS:000172149600009 PM 12116942 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR AF Mawdsley, JR TI Ecology, biogeography, and conservation of checkered beetles (Insecta : Coleoptera : Cleridae) in southeastern Arizona: A Geographic Information System (GIS) study SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AB Aspects of the ecology, biogeography, and conservation biology of 57 checkered beetle species (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cleridae, subfamilies Tillinae and Clerinae) in southeastern Arizona were studied using commercial Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. Clerid beetles previously investigated in this region are known to be restricted to certain well-defined vegetation types. For the 57 species in this study, published distribution records and label data from specimens in four major institutional collections were combined in a single database. Fifty-two of the collecting sites in this database could be identified on standard topographic maps at an appropriate level of precision for use in the GIS portion of this study. The ArcView (R) GIS software program was used to compare points representing these 52 sites with the Arizona Gap Analysis Project's digital vegetation map of Arizona. The vegetation type(s) present at each clerid collecting site was determined, and a simple habitat model was used to predict the distribution of each clerid species in southeastern Arizona. From these predicted distributions, clerid species richness values were assigned to vegetation polygons in four mountain ranges in southeastern Arizona. A digital map of federally designated wilderness areas in Arizona was used to evaluate the conservation status of vegetation patches with high predicted clerid species richness. The conservation status of eight species of Cleridae (Cymatodera cazierorum Barr, Cymatodera horni Wolcott, Cymatodera knausi Wolcott, Cymatodera schwarzi Wolcott, Cymatodera tricolor Skinner, Priocera catalinae Cazier, Priocera chiricahuae Knull, and Enoclerus bimaculatus (Skinner)) that are endemic to the "Sky Island" mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, Sonora, and Chihuahua was also assessed. In southeastern Arizona, mid-elevation evergreen oak-pine forests and woodlands in the Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Santa Rita Mountains were found to have highest clerid species richness, and to also provide habitat for multiple endemic clerid species. Expansion of existing wilderness areas in these mountain ranges is recommended to conserve important areas for clerid biodiversity. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Entomol, MRC 187, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0002-8320 J9 T AM ENTOMOL SOC JI Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 127 IS 3 BP 431 EP 449 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 507WZ UT WOS:000173055400007 ER PT J AU Peterson, C Jackson, J Kirby, M Lenihan, H Bourque, B Bradbury, R Cooke, R Kidwell, S AF Peterson, C Jackson, J Kirby, M Lenihan, H Bourque, B Bradbury, R Cooke, R Kidwell, S TI Factors in the decline of coastal ecosystems - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Balboa, Panama. Bates Coll, Dept Anthropol, Lewiston, ME 04240 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Resource & Environm Studies, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Peterson, C (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 31 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5535 BP 1590 EP 1591 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 469FA UT WOS:000170802900022 ER PT J AU Hoshino, K AF Hoshino, K TI Homologies of the caudal fin rays of Pleuronectiformes (Teleostei) SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE homology; caudal fin rays; Pleuronectiformes ID CYNOGLOSSIDAE; REASSESSMENT; TONGUEFISHES; SYMPHURUS AB Descriptions of pleuronectiform caudal fin rays, which vary considerably in composition, have been based on phenotypes (branched, segmented, and unsegmented). To provide a snore precise background to the phylogeny, the homologies of the caudal fin rays are considered. The distinction between "principal rays" and "procurrent rays," determined from their correspondence with those of generalized percomorphs, is adopted. Also, the composition of these rays and their associated muscles are compared within the pleuronectiforms. Estimated "principal ray" numbers are 17 (Psettodidae, Citharidae, Paralichthyidae, Bothidae), 15-18 (Scophthalmidae), 16-23 (Pleuronectidae), and fewer than 17 (Tephrinectes, Poecilopsettidae, Rhombosoleidae, Samaridae, Achiropsettidae, Achiridae, Soleidae, Cynoglossidae). The number of "procurrent rays" in each lobe are 3 or 4 (Psettodidae), 3 (Citharoides, Paracitharus, Lepidoblepharon [Citharidae]), 2 (Citharus, Brachypleura [Citharidae], Tephrinectes, Poecilopsettidae, Soleidae), 1 (Pleuronectidae, Rhombosoleidae, Samaridae, Achiropsettidae), 1 or absent (Scophthalmidae, Paralichthyidae), or consistently absent (Bothidae, Achiridae, Cynoglossidae). New characters of potential usefulness in phylogenetic consideration of the Pleuronectiformes, including the hypochordal longitudinalis, interradialis between the outermost "principal" and medialmost "procurrent rays" and "pseudo-interradialis" (newly identified muscle), are proposed and their phylogenetic significance considered. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Fishes, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hoshino, K (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Fishes, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ICHTHYOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA BUSINESS CENTER ACADEMIC SOC JAPAN, 5-16-9 HONKOMAGOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD AUG 25 PY 2001 VL 48 IS 3 BP 231 EP 246 DI 10.1007/s10228-001-8141-6 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 471JU UT WOS:000170926900003 ER PT J AU Miller, SE AF Miller, SE TI Smithsonian jewel: Biological collections SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Miller, SE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 24 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5534 BP 1433 EP 1433 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 465XV UT WOS:000170616000015 PM 11526937 ER PT J AU Rufus, J Yoshino, K Esmond, JR Thorne, AP Murray, JE Imajo, T Ito, K Matsui, T AF Rufus, J Yoshino, K Esmond, JR Thorne, AP Murray, JE Imajo, T Ito, K Matsui, T TI The application of a vacuum ultraviolet Fourier transform spectrometer and synchrotron radiation source to measurements of the III epsilon(1,0) band of NO SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; SCHUMANN-RUNGE BANDS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOABSORPTION; O-2; OD AB The epsilon (1,0) band of NO was measured at high resolution (0.06 cm(-1)) by the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) Fourier transform spectrometer from Imperial College, London, using synchrotron radiation at the Photon Factory, KEK, Japan, as a continuum light source. Such resolution facilitates a line by line analysis of the NO epsilon (1,0) band which yields accurate rotational line positions and term values as well as the photoabsorption cross sections. The molecular constants of the D(1) (2) Sigma level are found to be T-0=55 570.582 +/-0.055 cm(-1), B-v=1.979 66 +/-0.000 19 cm(-1), D-v=(5.8 +/-4.7)x10(-5)cm(-1), gamma=-0.127 +/-0.008 cm(-1) and gamma (D)=-(1.03 +/-0.04)x10(-3) cm(-1). The sum of the line strengths for all rotational transitions of the NO epsilon (1,0) band is determined as 2.55x10(-15) cm(2) cm(-1), corresponding to a band oscillator strength of 0.002 88 +/-0.000 17. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. KEK, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Rufus, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 8 BP 3719 EP 3723 DI 10.1063/1.1388200 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 462AP UT WOS:000170396300033 ER PT J AU Djie, HRETA van den Ancker, ME Blondel, PFC Shevchenko, VS Ezhkova, OV de Winter, D Grankin, KN AF Djie, HRETA van den Ancker, ME Blondel, PFC Shevchenko, VS Ezhkova, OV de Winter, D Grankin, KN TI The stellar composition of the star formation region CMa R1-II. Spectroscopic and photometric observations of nine young stars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : early-type; stars : evolution; stars : pre-main-sequence; stars : variables : other; open clusters and associations : individual : CMa R1 ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; CANIS-MAJOR R1; AE-BE STARS; H-ALPHA; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; PHOTOEVAPORATION; ULTRAVIOLET; EVOLUTION AB We present new high- and low-resolution spectroscopic and photometric data of nine members of the young association CMa R1. All the stars have circumstellar dust at some distance, as could be expected from their association with reflection nebulosity. Four stars (HD 52721, HD 53367, LkH alpha 220 and LkH alpha 218) show H alpha emission and we argue that they are Herbig Be stars with discs. Our photometric and spectroscopic observations of these stars reveal new characteristics of their variability. We present first interpretations of the variability of HD 52721, HD 53367 and the two LkH alpha stars in terms of a partially eclipsing binary, a magnetic activity cycle and circumstellar dust variations, respectively. The remaining five stars show no clear indications of H alpha emission in their spectra, although their spectral types and ages are comparable with those of HD52721 and HD53367. This indicates that the presence of a disc around a star in CMa Rt may depend on the environment of the star. In particular we find that all Ha emission stars are located at or outside the arc-shaped border of the H it region, which suggests that the stars inside the arc have lost their discs through evaporation by UV photons from nearby O stars, or from the nearby (< 25 pc) supernova, about 1 Myr ago. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Tashkent 700052, Uzbekistan. TNO, TPD, NL-2600 AD Delft, Netherlands. RP Djie, HRETA (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM herman@astro.uva.nl; mvandenancker@cfa.harvard OI Grankin, Konstantin/0000-0001-5707-8448 NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2001 VL 325 IS 4 BP 1441 EP 1457 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04541.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 469CF UT WOS:000170794900022 ER PT J AU Lazzati, D Perna, R Ghisellini, G AF Lazzati, D Perna, R Ghisellini, G TI Time-dependent photoionization opacities in dense gamma-ray burst environments SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE line : formation; gamma-rays : bursts; X-rays : general; X-rays : ISM ID CROSS-SECTIONS; AFTERGLOW; ABSORPTION; PROGENITORS; SUPERNOVA; REDSHIFT; LINE AB The recent detection of a transient absorption feature in the X-ray prompt emission of GRB 990705 showed the importance of such observations in the understanding of gamma-ray bursts and their progenitors. We investigate the time dependence of photoionization edges during the prompt emission of bursts in different environments. We show that their variability can be used to infer the density and geometry of the surrounding medium, giving important clues to unveil the nature of the burst progenitor. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Harvard Soc Fellows, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Osserv Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. RP Lazzati, D (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 2001 VL 325 IS 4 BP L19 EP L23 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04735.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 469CF UT WOS:000170794900002 ER PT J AU Schulz, AE White, M AF Schulz, AE White, M TI Tensor to scalar ratio of phantom dark energy models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; K-INFLATION; ANISOTROPIES; UNIVERSE; FIELD AB We investigate the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background in a class of models which possesses a positive cosmic energy density but negative pressure, with a constant equation of state w = (p/p) < -1. We calculate the temperature and polarization anisotropy spectra for both scalar and tensor perturbations by modifying the publicly available code CMBFAST. For a constant initial curvature perturbation or tensor normalization, we have calculated the final anisotropy spectra as a function of the dark energy density and equation of state w and of the scalar and tensor spectral indices. This allows us to calculate the dependence of the tensor-to-scalar ratio on w in a model with phantom dark energy, which may be important for interpreting any future detection of long-wavelength gravitational waves. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI White, Martin/I-3880-2015 OI White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070 NR 20 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 AR 043514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.64.043514 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 463FZ UT WOS:000170467600027 ER EF